Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Générateur de nombres aléatoires (TRNG)'
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Aguilar, Angulo Julio Alexander. "Conception d'un générateur de valeurs aléatoires en technologie CMOS AMS 0.35µm." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL0012/document.
Full textRandom binary sequences generators constitute the essential part of a system Cryptographic. The speed, quality of generated suites, safety and consumption play an essential role in the selection of a generator. The security of the cryptographic system increases if such a system can be realized in a single circuit.The developed research work consists in the realization of a random number generator running in low power, low speed. The proposed circuit is analog and Valid all NIST tests ensuring the randomness of a signal.A realization on silicon in 0,35μm technology has been implemented and validated through NIST developed tests Matlab. In this thesis, a number of publications have demonstrated the added value search results
Cherkaoui, Abdelkarim. "Générateurs de nombres véritablement aléatoires à base d'anneaux asynchrones : conception, caractérisation et sécurisation." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STET4011/document.
Full textTrue Random Number Generators (TRNG) are ubiquitous in many critical cryptographic applications (key generation, DSA signatures, etc). While many TRNG designs exist in literature, only a few of them deal with security aspects, which is surprising considering that they are low-level primitives in a cryptographic system (a weak TRNG can jeopardize a whole cryptographic system). The objective of this thesis was to study the advantages of asynchronous design techniques in order to build true random number generators that are secure and robust. We especially focused on digital oscillators called self-timed rings (STR), which use a handshake request and acknowledgement protocol to organize the propagation of data. Using some of the unique properties of STRs, we propose a new TRNG principle, with a detailed theoretical study of its behavior, and an evaluation of the TRNG core in ASICs and FPGAs. We demonstrate that this new principle allows to generate high quality random bit sequences with a very high throughput (> 100 Mbit/s). Moreover, it enables a realistic estimation for the entropy per output bit (this entropy level can be tuned using the entropy extractor parameters). We also present a complete methodology to design the TRNG, to properly set up the architecture with regards to the level of noise in the circuit, and to secure it against attacks and failures
Valtchanov, Boyan. "Générateurs de suites binaires vraiment aléatoires : modélisation et implantation dans des cibles FPGA." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00757007.
Full textBen, Romdhane Molka. "Modélisation, implémentation et caractérisation de circuits générateurs de nombres aléatoires vrais pour la certification de crypto-processeurs." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0055/document.
Full textRandom numbers are required in numerous applications namely in cryptography where randomness is used in security protocols. There are two main classes of Random Number Generators (RNG) : The Pseudo RNG (PRNG) which have a deterministic sequence, and the True RNG (TRNG) which generates unpredictable random numbers. Cryptographic applications use both TRNG and PRNG. The PRNG needs an initial value, or seed, which can be the output of a TRNG. In digital technologies, like FPGAs, TRNG are commonly based on oscillators which have the drawback of being biased by harmonic coupling. In order to assess the entropic quality of TRNGs, standards based on statistical tests have been elaborated by certification organisms namely the NIST and the BSI. However, it is recommended to formalize the stochastic behaviour of the randomness generation process. In this Ph.D, we address the design and quality evaluation of TRNGs in digital circuits. We study of a low-cost digital TRNG without oscillators, hence robust against harmonics attacks. The proposed TRNG exploits both the metastability phenomenon and the jitter noise in CMOS digital flip-flops to generate the random numbers. A stochastic model of this TRNG has been formalized. This model describes the random generation process regardless of the targeted technology. The characterization and evaluation on a prototype circuit, in FPGA and ASIC technologies, has shown that the proposed TRNG architecture generates randomness of good quality and is robust against environmental variations
Ben, Romdhane Molka. "Modélisation, implémentation et caractérisation de circuits générateurs de nombres aléatoires vrais pour la certification de crypto-processeurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0055.
Full textRandom numbers are required in numerous applications namely in cryptography where randomness is used in security protocols. There are two main classes of Random Number Generators (RNG) : The Pseudo RNG (PRNG) which have a deterministic sequence, and the True RNG (TRNG) which generates unpredictable random numbers. Cryptographic applications use both TRNG and PRNG. The PRNG needs an initial value, or seed, which can be the output of a TRNG. In digital technologies, like FPGAs, TRNG are commonly based on oscillators which have the drawback of being biased by harmonic coupling. In order to assess the entropic quality of TRNGs, standards based on statistical tests have been elaborated by certification organisms namely the NIST and the BSI. However, it is recommended to formalize the stochastic behaviour of the randomness generation process. In this Ph.D, we address the design and quality evaluation of TRNGs in digital circuits. We study of a low-cost digital TRNG without oscillators, hence robust against harmonics attacks. The proposed TRNG exploits both the metastability phenomenon and the jitter noise in CMOS digital flip-flops to generate the random numbers. A stochastic model of this TRNG has been formalized. This model describes the random generation process regardless of the targeted technology. The characterization and evaluation on a prototype circuit, in FPGA and ASIC technologies, has shown that the proposed TRNG architecture generates randomness of good quality and is robust against environmental variations
Petura, Oto. "True random number generators for cryptography : Design, securing and evaluation." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES053.
Full textRandom numbers are essential for modern cryptographic systems. They are used as cryptographic keys, nonces, initialization vectors and random masks for protection against side channel attacks. In this thesis, we deal with random number generators in logic devices (Field Programmable Gate Arrays – FPGAs and Application Specific Integrated Circuits – ASICs). We present fundamental methods of generation of random numbers in logic devices. Then, we discuss different types of TRNGs using clock jitter as a source of randomness. We provide a rigorous evaluation of various AIS-20/31 compliant TRNG cores implemented in three different FPGA families : Intel Cyclone V, Xilinx Spartan-6 and Microsemi SmartFusion2. We then present the implementation of selected TRNG cores in custom ASIC and we evaluate them. Next, we study PLL-TRNG in depth in order to provide a secure design of this TRNG together with embedded tests. Finally, we study oscillator based TRNGs. We compare different randomness extraction methods as well as different oscillator types and the behavior of the clock jitter inside each of them. We also propose methods of embedded jitter measurement for online testing of oscillator based TRNGs
El, Haje Hussein Fida. "Tests statistiques sur les générateurs physiques de nombres aléatoires (TRNGs)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX11018.
Full textStatistical tests related to the entropy estimation of a random source are widely used in testing of true random number generators (TRNGs,True Random Number Generators) intended for cryptographic applications. Namely, Maurer’s universal statistical test is nowadays viewed as a standard in this domain. Therefore, from a statistical viewpoint, this thesis is focused on further developments of entropy tests. It consists in three main parts : The design of a generic software tool called Genstar, Generic Statistical Test Architecture. Genstar consists in a collection of statistical tests for random number generators. This software is developed with the help of the objet oriented programming, thus providing a common interface enabling easy integration of new statistical tests in Genstar. The second important characteristic of Genstar is related to the problem of comparison of statistical tests. To compute the power of a given statistical test, Genstar is equipped with a family of statistical models of TRNGs. Improvements of Maurer’s test. To improve statistical characteristics of this test, we propose several approaches such as the m-spacing and the p-leave out methods. In the very core of these methods is a new interpretation of the Maurer test related to the maximum likelihood tests for the problem of uniformity testing. It’s well known that the standard Maurer test cannot detect long memory dependencies in the data. In order to overcome this difficulty, we propose two approaches. The first one, called (SD test), computes the distribution of distances between motifs in the data. The second approach called MaurerPP is based on the idea of the equivalence of motifs. This equivalence permits to reduce multiple motifs testing to one generic motif testing and resolves efficiently the problem of large blocks in the Maurer test. Standard normality of m-spacings entropy estimators under weaker assumptions on the probability density. The improvements of the Maurer test proposed in this thesis are essentially based on the m - spacing method in the entropy estimation. In this thesis, we show that under mild conditions on the probability density, i. E. For vanishing densities, the m-spacings entropy estimators have the standard Gaussian limit
Noumon, Allini Elie. "Caractérisation, évaluation et utilisation du jitter d'horloge comme source d'aléa dans la sécurité des données." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES019.
Full textThis thesis, funded by the DGA, is motivated by the problem of evaluation of TRNG for applications with a very high level of security. As current standards such as AIS-31 are not sufficient for these types of applications, the DGA proposes a complementary procedure, validated on TRNG using ring oscillators (RO), which aims to characterize the source of randomness of TRNG in order to identify electronic noises present in it. These noises are manifested in the digital circuits by the clock jitter generated in the RO. They can be characterized by their power spectral density related to the time Allan variance which allows, unlike the standard variance which is still widely used, to discriminate these different types of noise (mainly thermal, flicker). This study was used as a basis for estimating the proportion of jitter due to thermal noise used in stochastic models describing the output of TRNG. In order to illustrate and validate the DGA certification approach on other principles of TRNG apart from RO, we propose a characterization of PLL as a source of randomness. We have modeled the PLL in terms of transfer functions. This modeling has led to the identification of the source of noise at the output of the PLL, as well as its nature as a function of the physical parameters of the PLL. This allowed us to propose recommendations on the choice of parameters to ensure maximum entropy. In order to help in the design of this type of TRNG, we also propose a tool to search for the non-physical parameters of the generator ensuring the best compromise between security and throughput
Bazzi, Hussein. "Resistive memory co-design in CMOS technologies." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0567.
Full textMany diversified applications (internet of things, embedded systems for automotive and medical applications, artificial intelligence) require an integrated circuit (SoC, System on Chip) with high-performance non-volatile memories to operate optimally. Although Flash memory is widely used today, this technology needs high voltage for programing operations and has reliability issues that are hard to handle beyond 18 nm technological node, increasing the cost of circuit design and fabrication. In this context, the semiconductor industry seeks an alternative non-volatile memory that can replace Flash memories. Among possible candidates (MRAM - Magnetic Random Access Memory, PCM - Phase Change Memory, FeRAM - Ferroelectric Random Access Memory), Resistive memories (RRAMs) offer superior performances on essential key points: compatibility with CMOS manufacturing processes, scalability, current consumption (standby and active), operational speed. Due to its relatively simple structure, RRAM technology can be easily integrated in any design flow opening the way for the development of new architectures that answer Von Neumann bottleneck. In this thesis, the main object is to show the integration abilities of RRAM devices with CMOS technology, using circuit design and electrical measurements, in order to develop different hybrid structures: non-volatile Static Random Access Memories (SRAM), True Random Number Generator (TRNG) and artificial neural networks
Mureddu, Ugo. "Génération d'aléa dans les circuits électroniques numériques exploitant des cellules oscillantes." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES018.
Full textWith the sharp increase in the deployment and integration of the Internet of Things, one challenge is to ensure security with respect to privacy and trust issues. With billions of connected devices, there is a huge risk of unauthorized use or abuse. To protect from such risks, security mechanisms are neede for per-device authentication and authorization, integrated in early design stages. Thankfully, cryptographic functions allow ciphering of sensitive data, as well as per-device authentication and authorization since they guarantee confidentialify, authenticity, integrity and non-repudiation. In this context, physical random generator (random number generator TRNG and physical unclonable functions PUF) are particularly useful since they generate secret keys, random masks or unique identifiers. The robustness of the cryptographic functions stand by the quality of the physical random generators. For that, numbers provided by those generators must be entropic. Otherwise, keys used to cipher data could be broken and identifiers could be retrieved. That's why, it is necessary to study physical random generators. In this thesis, we provide a rigorous approach to implement TRNGs and PUFs in reconfigurable logic devices. After that, we integrate those generators in a complete system. We also propose an innovative approach to evaluate the quality of PUF by modeling their behavior prior to designing it. This should he!p designers anticipate PUF quality in term of randomness. We also realize a complete a study of two kind of threats on physical random generators using oscillating cells: the locking phenomena and the EM analysis
Baya, Abalo. "Contribution à la génération de vecteurs aléatoires et à la cryptographie." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00336536.
Full textSoucarros, Mathilde. "Analyse des générateurs de nombres aléatoires dans des conditions anormales d'utilisation." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00759976.
Full textHajjar, Mansour. "Construction d'un calculateur spécialisé pour le calcul de la conductivité électrique d'un réseau de résistances aléatoires." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112409.
Full textA special purpose computer for the calculation of the electric conductivity of a random resistor network. The special purpose computer PERCOLA is designed for long numerical simulations on a percolation problem in Statistical Mechanics of disordered media. Our aim is to improve the actual values of the critical exponents characterizing the behavior of random resistance networks at percolation threshold. The architecture of PERCOLA is based on an efficient iterative algorithm used to compute the electric conductivity of such networks. The calculator has the characteristics of a general purpose 64- bit floating point microprogrammable computer that can run programs for various types of problems with a peak performance of 25 Mflops. This high computing speed is a result of the pipeline architecture based on internal parallelism and separately microcode controlled units such as: data memories, a microcode memory, ALUs and multipliers (both WEITEK components), various data paths, a sequencer (ANALOG DEVICES component), address generators and a random number generator. Thus, the special purpose computer runs percolation problem program 10 percent faster than the supercomputer CRAY XMP
Bakiri, Mohammed. "Hardware implementation of a pseudo random number generator based on chaotic iteration." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD014/document.
Full textSecurity and cryptography are key elements in constrained devices such as IoT, smart card, embedded system, etc. Their hardware implementations represent a challenge in terms of limitations in physical resources, operating speed, memory capacity, etc. In this context, as most protocols rely on the security of a good random number generator, considered an indispensable element in lightweight security core. Therefore, this work proposes new pseudo-random generators based on chaotic iterations, and designed to be deployed on hardware support, namely FPGA or ASIC. These hardware implementations can be described as post-processing on existing generators. They transform a sequence of numbers not uniform into another sequence of numbers uniform. The dependency between input and output has been proven chaotic, according notably to the mathematical definitions of chaos provided by Devaney and Li-Yorke. Following that, we firstly elaborate or develop out a complete state of the art of the material and physical implementations of pseudo-random number generators (PRNG, for pseudorandom number generators). We then propose new generators based on chaotic iterations (IC) which will be tested on our hardware platform. The initial idea was to start from the n-cube (or, in an equivalent way, the vectorial negation in CIs), then remove a Hamiltonian cycle balanced enough to produce new functions to be iterated, for which is added permutation on output . The methods recommended to find good functions, will be detailed, and the whole will be implemented on our FPGA platform. The resulting generators generally have a better statistical profiles than its inputs, while operating at a high speed. Finally, we will implement them on many hardware support (65-nm ASIC circuit and Zynq FPGA platform)
Madau, Maxime. "A methodology to localise EMFI areas on Microcontrollers." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS045.
Full textToday, security of embedded devices is put in the limelight with the increasing market share of both IoT and automotive.To ensure a proper level of security to its customer such embedded components must undergo pentesting either to obtain some certifications to address security market but also to avoid tarnishing the name of the firm in case of vulnerability.Amongst the various attack paths, one of most threatening is the voluntary violation of operation condition to induce a fault on a circuit.These faults are then used for privilege escalation or combined with statistic tools to recover cryptographic keys. This thesis focuses on the use of electromagnetic field to generate such faults, this medium being the one that offers the best trade-off between cost and accuracy.The efficiency of such family of attack has already been demonstrated in the literature. Yet fault injection techniques shared a common problem which root cause is the amount of parameter an evaluator has to tweaks to obtain a fault. Therefore, it is hard to state whether a target is protected against fault injection since evaluation is bounded in time, thus exhaustive search is not an option.Metrics or strategies should be defined to get the most out of up to date fault injection methods.This thesis is a first step towards defining such metrics, and proposed to tackle the space complexity of EM fault injection. In other words, according to the attack scenario we developed metrics or strategy relying on both experimentation and state of the art. The aims of those metrics/strategy being to reduce the space on the DUT that undergo electromagnetic emanation to the most likely to be faulted area.In a first part, a criterion based on a basic model of the coupling between the injection probes and the circuit as well as today fault model will be developed.This criterion is then analysed and a refinement is proposed.Yet fault injection could also be used to nullify countermeasure that disable some attack vectors. Most of those countermeasures have in common the use of a true random generator.Thence in a second part we evaluate the robustness of an up to date true random number generator against electromagnetic perturbation.From this analysis we derived which parts of true random number generator are more relevant to be targeted using electromagnetic waves
Yang, Chunxiao. "Fractional chaotic pseudo-random number generator design and application to image cryptosystem." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0063.
Full textChaotic systems have been employed to design pseudo-random number generators (PRNG) and applied to cryptosystems due to their promising features, such as randomness and sensitivity to initial conditions. The fractional chaotic systems, though muchless discussed than the classical integer order chaotic maps and systems, possess intriguing intricacy which can provide novelty, complexity, and extra secret keys to the Chaotic PRNG (CPRNG) design, which in turn enhance the security of the cryptosystem.This thesis investigated different numerical calculation approaches for fractional chaotic systems. A non-uniform gird calculationmethod with two different grid compositions was proposed to solve the 3D fractional chaotic systems numerically. The FractionalCPRNGs (FCPRNG), which meet the randomness and statistical requirements, were designed for the first time employing threedifferent fractional chaotic systems. In addition, a stream cipher and a block cipher based on DNA encoding and decoding methods were proposed and studied using the designed FCPRNGs. Both ciphers have been verified to be secure and reliable
Bayon, Pierre. "Attaques électromagnétiques ciblant les générateurs d'aléa." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STET4003/document.
Full textNowadays, our society is using more and more connected devices (cellphones, transport or access card NFC debit card, etc.), and this trend is not going to reverse. These devices require the use of cryptographic primitives, embedded in electronic circuits, in order to protect communications. However, some attacks can allow an attacker to extract information from the electronic circuit or to modify its behavior. A new channel of attack, using electromagnetic waves is skyrocketing. This channel, compared to attacks based on LASER beam, is relatively inexpensive. We will, in this thesis, present a new attack, using electromagnetic waves, of a certain type of cryptographic primitive: the true random number generator. We will show that it is possible to extract sensitive information from the electromagnetic radiation coming from the electronic device. We will also show that it is possible to completly modify the behavior of the true random number generator using a strong electromagnetic field