Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Generals'
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1
Mestres, i. Serra Josep M. 1956. "Les Subentrades en els diccionaris generals." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/127395.
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In the macrostructure of general monolingual dictionaries, hitherto subentries have been dealt with in an asystematic and poor fashion with regard to the entries. This point of departure has led us to the demonstration of this asystematic nature in six modern dictionaries from six different Romance languages and to formulate useful proposals to make better and more comprehensive general dictionaries, particularly in Catalan language.
The thesis consists of two volumes and a CD-ROM containing the whole text, as well as the four unprinted annexes of the corpus’ extraction grids.
Volume I establishes the initial hypotheses, and provides a detailed review of the characteristics of the general monolingual dictionary and of the dictionary article; it studies the concept of subentry, both from the theoretical point of view and from that of the practical use that lexicographers make of it; it addresses the selection, layout, graphic representation, linguistic information and the illustration of the use of subentries, and describes, sets and classifies the units which are subentries: phraseological units.
Volume II describes the study corpus and the methodology used; it presents the quantitative and qualitative analyses of data and the discussion of results; it formulates proposals for improvement in the treatment of subentries, and closes with some general conclusions that answer the initial hypotheses. Finally, there is the bibliography, the annexes of the most important data and a detailed general index of the whole work.En la macroestructura dels diccionaris generals monolingües, les subentrades han estat tractades, fins ara, d’una manera asistemàtica i pobra respecte al tractament que reben les entrades. Aquest punt de partida ha menat a demostrar aquesta asistematicitat en sis diccionaris actuals de cinc llengües romàniques diferents i a formular propostes útils per a la compleció i la millora dels diccionaris generals, especialment els de llengua catalana. La tesi consta de dos volums i d’un CD-ROM que en recull tot el text, incloent-hi els quatre annexos no impresos de les graelles de buidatge del corpus. El volum I planteja uns supòsits de partida i fa un repàs detallat de les característiques del diccionari general monolingüe i de l’article de diccionari; estudia el concepte de subentrada, tant des del punt de vista teòric com quant a l’ús pràctic que en fan els lexicògrafs; aborda la selecció, la disposició, la representació gràfica, la informació lingüística i la il•lustració sobre l’ús de les subentrades, i descriu, fixa i classifica les unitats que són subentrades: les unitats fraseològiques. El volum II descriu el corpus d’estudi i la metodologia seguida; presenta les anàlisis quantitativa i qualitativa de les dades i la discussió dels resultats; formula propostes de millora per al tractament de les subentrades i clou l’estudi amb unes conclusions generals que donen resposta als supòsits de partida. Finalment, hi ha la bibliografia, els annexos de dades més importants i un detallat índex general de tota l’obra.
En la macroestructura de los diccionarios generales monolingües, las subentradas han sido tratadas, hasta ahora, de manera asistemática y pobre respecto al tratamiento que reciben las entradas. Este punto de partida ha llevado a demostrar dicha asistematicidad en seis diccionarios actuales de cinco lenguas románicas distintas y a formular propuestas útiles para la compleción y la mejora de los diccionarios generales, especialmente los de lengua catalana. La tesis consta de dos volúmenes y de un CD-ROM que recoge la totalidad del texto, incluyendo los cuatro anexos no impresos de las tablas de vaciado del corpus. El volumen I plantea unos supuestos de partida y realiza un repaso detallado de las características del diccionario general monolingüe y del artículo de diccionario; estudia el concepto de subentrada, tanto desde el punto de vista teórico como en cuanto al uso práctico llevado a cabo por los lexicógrafos; aborda la selección, la disposición, la representación grafica, la información lingüística i la ilustración sobre el uso de las subentradas, y describe, fija y clasifica las unidades que son subentradas: las unidades fraseológicas. El volumen II describe el corpus de estudio y la metodología seguida; presenta los análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de los datos y la discusión de los resultados; formula propuestas de mejora para el tratamiento de las subentradas y termina el estudio con unas conclusiones generales que dan respuesta a los supuestos de partida. Finalmente, constan la bibliografía, los anexos de datos más importantes y un detallado índice general de toda la obra.
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Armstrong, Jeremy. "Warlords and generals : war and society in early Rome /." St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/605.
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Armstrong, Jeremy Scott. "Warlords and generals : war and society in early Rome." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/605.
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This thesis will argue that the development of early Rome can be described using a sequence of large, socio-political dichotomies based on Rome's activity in the sphere of warfare. The use of dichotomies in early Roman history is not new,and indeed the confrontation between two opposing groups, typically the patricians and plebeians, can be found at the heart of even the earliest extant histories of the period. The problem which plagued these early models, and indeed many subsequent models based on their premise, is that they assumed that the same prescriptive set of social and political divisions which existed in the late Republic and early Empire also existed in early Rome. This study will discard this highly anachronistic assumption and redefine the dichotomies present in early Rome using active characteristics (i.e. behavior), rather than the prescriptive labels assigned by late republican authors. In particular, this study will attempt to view early Rome through the lens of warfare, where the formation of distinct 'in-group' and 'out-group' biases is most evident, in an effort to redraw the divisions of early Roman society. The end result of this redefining process will be an entirely different, albeit related set of socio-political groupings; for example 'mobile' vs. 'sedentary' and 'Roman' vs. 'Latin', whose interaction is visible behind much of Rome's early development.
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Corrigan, Michael J. "Gorbachev, the Generals and the "Turn to the Right"." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/43775.
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This thesis attempts to guage the effects, on Soviet Western relations and East European stability, of the conservative turn taken by Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev in late 1990, early 1991. The signs of this move include: the repression in the Baltics, Foreign Minister Schevardnadze's resignation, the removal of other reformist leaders from Gorbachev's retinue, and the growth of military influence. While apparently being negative for prospects of continued good relations and stability, this conservative turn was taken as a result of internal political dynamics and not specifically as a reaction against the West or against East European developments. Gorbachev, the new thinkers, and the foreign policy conservatives are involved in a power struggle. The conservatives, the generals, have gained influence and are now in a position to slow down but not derail the new thinking diplomacy. The Turn to the Right signals an end to the dramatic breakthrough diplomacy of 1989 and 1990 but is not a harbinger of a return to old relations. There is a power struggle going on in the USSR. Earlier, with Gorbachev on their side, the reformists were at the helm. As a result of their policies Eastern Europe was freed, the Cold War thawed, and East and West came closer together. Gorbachev has seemingly switched sides in the power struggle. The aim here is, by examining Soviet political maneuvering, to understand whether the influence of the conservatives has increased, and how this might affect the foreign policy achievements of the reformists.
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Käihkö, Ilmari. "Bush Generals and Small Boy Battalions : Military Cohesion in Liberia and Beyond." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-283199.
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All organizations involved in war are concerned with military cohesion. Yet previous studies have only investigated cohesion in a very narrow manner, focusing almost solely on Western state militaries or on micro-level explanations. This dissertation argues for the need to broaden this perspective. It focuses on three classic sources of cohesion – coercion, compensation and constructs (such as identity and ideology) – and investigates their relevance in the Second Liberian Civil War (1999-2003). More specifically, this dissertation consists of an inquiry of how the conflict's three main military organizations – Charles Taylor’s Government of Liberia (GoL), the Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD) and Movement for Democracy in Liberia (MODEL) – drew on these three sources to foster cohesion. Based on thirteen months of ethnographic fieldwork with former combatants, this dissertation contains five parts: an introduction, which focuses on issues of theory and method, and four essays that investigate the three sources of cohesion in the three organizations. Essay I focuses on the LURD rebels, and provides an insider account of their strategy. It shows that even decentralized movements like the LURD can execute strategy, and contends that the LURD fought its fiercest battles not against the government, but to keep itself together. Essay II focuses on coercion, and counters the prevailing view of African rebels’ extensive use of coercion to keep themselves together. Since extreme coercion in particular remained illegitimate, its use would have decreased, rather than increased, cohesion. Essay III investigates the government militias to whom warfighting was subcontracted. In a context characterized by a weak state and fragmented social organization, compensation may have remained the only available source of cohesion. Essay IV investigates identities as sources of cohesion. It argues that while identities are a powerful cohesive source, they must be both created and maintained to remain relevant. Taken together, this dissertation argues for a more comprehensive approach to the investigation of cohesion, and one that also takes into account mezzo- and macro-level factors.
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Lo, Yuk-ping. "A study of Yuan Chʻung-huan." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1987. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31949307.
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Lo, Yuk-ping, and 羅玉萍. "A study of Yuan Ch‘ung-huan." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31949307.
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朱國源 and Kwok-yuen Chu. "A study of Zhang Ying (1141-1218)'s Songchao nandu shijiang zhuan." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43896054.
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Chu, Kwok-yuen. "A study of Zhang Ying (1141-1218)'s Songchao nandu shijiang zhuan = Zhang Ying (1141-1218) "Song zhao nan du shi jiang zhuan" yan jiu /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25789156.
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Farooq, Sadaf. "Rule by the generals : the influence of military regimes on Pakistan's internal security." Thesis, University of Reading, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553055.
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The military has played an integral role in Pakistan's governance SInce that country's inception. It has dominated the political process at various times by imposing martial law, playing an active role in policy making, civilianizing martial law regimes and penetrating civilian economic and social institutions. It enjoyed always a unique structural position as an armed body that was reinforced by its role as a protector of the state. There often has been an open preference by the people for the army to take over whenever there were economic problems or political instability, as military rule was considered a relief from factional disputes among civilian political leaders and an accompanying high level of corruption. The primary objective of all of Pakistan's four military regimes was to maintain internal security and cohesion by creating a basis for economic development, building government institutions, and establishing accountability. Yet not even a single military regime succeeded in fulfilling these objectives. Indeed, internal security weakened during these regimes and these governments repeatedly have led Pakistan into crises; far from securing the cohesion and stability of Pakistan, military rule often has imperiled it. Most importantly, Pakistan's military governments failed to put forward a long-term nation building strategy that would forge the country into a cohesive and a stable whole. The purpose of this thesis is to focus on the strains imposed by the four periods of military rule and point out the complexities of the challenges to security in Pakistan by assessing military rules in several areas: democracy and civil society, provincial state cohesion, religious extremism, tribal insurgencies, ethnic and sectarian struggles and national fragmentation. Discussing these challenges, this thesis will seek to examine why Pakistani military failed to enhance internal security and cohesion.
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Barriteau, Kristoffer R., and Clifton J. Lopez. "The Faults of the Generals: How Great Britain Lost the War for America." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10737.
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By 1778, the world's most powerful Empire had failed, for almost four years, to decisively end an internal rebellion in its North American colonies. This failure resulted in the escalation to a world war and the British submitting to defeat in 1783. What is of interest is not the international community's impact on the outcome of the American Revolution, rather how the British military continually missed the opportunity to end the rebellion in its nascent phase. Therefore, this research will explore the strategic interaction between the British military, the patriots and the American colonists to determine what British military commanders' decisions contributed to these missed opportunities, and the ultimate loss of their War for America. To illuminate what went wrong, this research will import the McCormick Diamond paradigm to sift through this field of history, framing the strategic decisions, the conditions under which they were made and their effects on the overall British effort to quell the colonial rebels of North America.
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Gemser, Geralf. "Darf eine Schule diesen Namen tragen? : zur Vorbildwirkung des Wehrmachtsgenerals Erich Hoepner /." Marburg : Tectum, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2688022&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.
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Retchless, Todd Philip. "Ranking U.S. Army Generals of the twentieth century using the group analytic hierarchy process." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2726.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Applied Mathematics and Scientific Computation Program. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Stanke, Stefan. "Tyrants, kings and generals : the relationship of leaders and their states in Xenophon's Hellenica." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425399.
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Dudley, Eric. "From Capitol Hill and West Point: an examination of Ulysses S. Grant’s subordinate generals." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13619.
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Master of ArtsDepartment of History
Charles Sanders
This thesis examines the relationships of Ulysses S. Grant and four of his subordinate generals. Ultimately, it is a command study of General Grant that analyzes how he managed his subordinates. The four individuals that this thesis examines are John Alexander McClernand, John Alexander Logan, James Birdseye McPherson, and Gouverneur Kemble Warren. These individuals provide an excellent balance between professional generals from West Point and volunteer generals with political backgrounds. The survey also balances the degrees of success experience by the four subordinates. The thesis traces each subordinate general during the Civil War, their relationship with Grant, and evaluates Grant’s management of each individual. Finally, the thesis identifies certain characteristics that Grant sought in a subordinate general. Taken as a whole, the thesis provides several lessons on the politics of the Union Army’s command structure during the Civil War, thoroughly covers the experiences of each individual subordinate while serving under Grant, and offers valuable insight on the overall generalship of Ulysses S. Grant. The thesis concludes that Grant was an effective manager of his subordinate generals and that his management also transcended his personal preference of West Point graduates. The thesis also identifies proper subordination, aggressive command style, the ability to effectively and efficiently carry out his orders, and trustworthiness as the qualities that Grant sought in his subordinates.
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Yang, Li. "The emperor's generals, a study of the Sanya commanders inthe Northern Song (960-1126)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290094.
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The primary focus of this study is on the Sanya ("Three Headquarters Offices") commanders of the Northern Song, who commanded the three divisions of the Song imperial army, namely, the Infantry, Cavalry, and Palace Corps. The first three chapters examine the institutions pertaining to the selection and promotion of the Sanya commanders, concluding that the Northern Song selected and promoted for high army command ranks men whose loyalty to the throne had been tested and proven. It is further demonstrated that the Northern Song exercised effective control over its army commanders and had their powers scrutinized by civil officials, the majority being southern bureaucrats advanced through the civil service examinations. The two chapters that follow analyze the social and geographical backgrounds of the Sanya commanders, revealing that elite members of the Northern Song military in general enjoyed special ties to the emperors and the ruling house. Such imperial connections safeguarded their political and family fortunes from rapid downward sliding. The Northern Song elite, as such, was a self-perpetuating elite group, composed of predominantly northern military men who were closely associated with the dynasty's founding elite. The remaining chapter in the body text further sheds light on the super elite status of the Sanya commanders, attesting that they were among the highest paid office-holders in the Northern Song and were recipients of high political honors and privileges. This study calls into question the received view of the inferior status of the Northern Song military elite. I suggest that during the Northern Song period a unique and distinctive balance between aristocratic and bureaucratic forces was achieved whereby state power was split between the semi-hereditary northern military elite and the newly arisen professional, bureaucratic elite. The ruling class of Northern Song society was therefore neither thoroughly aristocratic nor thoroughly bureaucratic, contrary to the generally held assumptions about the nature of the Song elite. In my opinion, the rise of southern civil leadership in state and society around the mid-eleventh century challenged, for the first time in Chinese history, northern aristocratic monopoly of state power and eventually precipitated its demise by the Southern Song.
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Haynes, Jeffrey T. "General Jacob E. Smart : premier staff officer and combat planner /." Maxwell AFB, Ala. : School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, 2008. https://www.afresearch.org/skins/rims/display.aspx?moduleid=be0e99f3-fc56-4ccb-8dfe-670c0822a153&mode=user&action=downloadpaper&objectid=e46896a6-a698-41c5-91c9-d64154c433cd&rs=PublishedSearch.
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Wood, Andrew B. "The limits of social mobility : social origins and career patterns of British generals, 1688-1815." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/223/.
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Late eighteenth-century Britain was dominated by two features of economic life that were a major departure from previous eras, the economic growth of the Industrial Revolution and almost constant warfare conducted on a previously unprecedented scale. One consequence of this was the rapid expansion, diversification and development of the professions. Sociologists and economists have often argued that economic development and modernisation leads to increasing rates of social mobility. However, historians of the army and professions in the eighteenth-century claim the upper levels of the army were usually isolated from mobility as the highest ranks were dominated by sons of the aristocracy and landed elite. Some claim social status was more important for career success in the late eighteenth-century army compared to its earlier counterpart, which if true may have led to declining rates of social mobility for the upper levels of the army. This PhD thesis investigates the limits of social mobility during this period by examining the social origins and career patterns of the highest professional rank in the army, generals. This study finds that generals were not isolated from social mobility. Modernisation did lead to increasing rates of social mobility among generals. However, mobility was limited in some respects. The rates of social mobility for generals were much lower than ordinary officers. In addition, most moves up the social hierarchy were fairly shallow. Generals usually came from relatively high levels of society and hence they were generally only moving from a high social position to a slightly higher one.
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Heller, Christian. "Sic transit gloria mundi: das Bild von Pompeius Magnus im Bürgerkrieg Verzerrung, Stilisierung, historische Realität /." St. Katharinen : Scripta Mercaturae, 2006. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/164112693.html.
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Zamzow, Scottie L. "Ambassador of American airpower : Major General Robert Olds /." Maxwell AFB, Ala. : School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, 2008. https://www.afresearch.org/skins/rims/display.aspx?moduleid=be0e99f3-fc56-4ccb-8dfe-670c0822a153&mode=user&action=downloadpaper&objectid=e01c5779-0a3b-4ea3-999e-a35a94fd5600&rs=PublishedSearch.
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Edwards, John R. ""America's Joint General" : a leadership analysis of Air Force General David C. Jones the ninth Chairman of the Joint Cheifs [sic] of Staff /." Maxwell AFB, Ala. : School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, 2008. https://www.afresearch.org/skins/rims/display.aspx?moduleid=be0e99f3-fc56-4ccb-8dfe-670c0822a153&mode=user&action=downloadpaper&objectid=16eb75bd-7d7f-4ca6-97e9-f026b4209f6b&rs=PublishedSearch.
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Matijević, Krešimir. "Marcus Antonius, Consul - Proconsul - Staatsfeind : die Politik der Jahre 44 und 43 v. Chr." Rahden/Westf. Leidorf, 2006. http://www.vml.de/d/detail.php?ISBN=3-89646-732-8.
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Schrag, Steven D. "ASHCAN: Nazis, Generals and Bureaucrats as Guests at the Palace Hotel, Mondorf les Bains, Luxembourg, May-August 1945." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1431095226.
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Erslev, Brit Kimberly. "Controversy and crusade : Daniel Harvey Hill and the shaping of reputation and historical memory /." Available via the UNC-CH Libraries, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,854.
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Giziowski, Richard J. Homan Gerlof D. "The moral dilemmas of leadership the case of German General Johannes Blaskowitz /." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1991. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9203046.
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Thesis (D.A.)--Illinois State University, 1991.Title from title page screen, viewed December 21, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Gerlof Homan (chair), Roy Austensen, Lawrence McBride, Earl Reitan, Beverly Smith. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 270-286) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Stockhausen, John Matthew. "The Price of Failure: Conceptions of Nicias’ Culpability in Athens’ Sicilian Disaster." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1218591683.
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Dickinson, David B. ""Old blue light" the religious beliefs and military leadership of Stonewall Jackson /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.
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Sambaluk, Nicholas Michael. "The Actions and Operational Thinking of Generals Stratemeyer and Partridge during the Korean War: Adjusting to Political Restrictions of Air Campaigns." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6056/.
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Airpower played an important supporting role in the Korean War, and as General of the Army Douglas MacArthur pursued victory in the war and President Harry S Truman's objectives altered throughout the first year of the conflict, tension arose between the two men. One issue in these frictions was the restriction of airpower. Not only MacArthur, but also his admiring subordinate Lieutenant General George E. Stratemeyer commanding the Far East Air Forces, and Fifth Air Force commander Major General Earle E. Partridge opposed the restrictions which had been imposed on airmen from the outset of the conflict. Stratemeyer did so partly because of his loyalty to MacArthur, who wanted latitude in coping with the situation in the field and defeating the Communist enemy. Partridge did so because he thought they endangered his personnel and limited the effectiveness of airpower in the war. These commanders had a fundamentally different opinion from Washington regarding the likelihood of overt Soviet intervention in the war, and because they did not think the Korean War would become a world war, they were more willing than Washington to prosecute the war more aggressively. MacArthur's conflict ended with his removal in April 1951, and Stratemeyer (who suffered a heart attack weeks afterward) continued to advocate for forceful American foreign policy in Asia during his retirement. Partridge eventually earned four stars and long after the war likewise continued to disfavor the restrictions which had been put in place. Between oral history interviews in 1974 and 1978, however, Partridge reconsidered the issue of restrictions. He expressed that the Korean War had been a considerable challenge without a wider war, implying that restrictions had perhaps been important.
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Sambaluk, Nicholas Michael Hurley Alfred F. "The actions and operational thinking of Generals Stratemeyer and Partridge during the Korean War adjusting to political restrictions on air campaigns /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-6056.
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Grass, Tobias. "Ultracold atoms in artificial gauge fields." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117523.
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The present thesis studies a variety of cold atomic systems in artificial gauge fields. In the first part we focus on fractional quantum Hall effects, asking whether interesting topological states can be realized with cold atoms. We start by making a close connection to solid-state systems and first consider fermionic atoms with dipolar interactions. Assuming the system to be in the Laughlin state, we evaluate the energy gap in the thermodynamic limit as a measure for the robustness of the state. We show that it can be increased by additionally applying a non-Abelian gauge field squeezing the Landau levels. We then switch to bosonic systems with repulsive contact interactions. Artificial magnetic fields for cold bosons have extensively been discussed before in the context of rotating Bose gases. We follow a different approach where the gauge field is due to an atom-laser coupling. Thus, transitions between different dressed states have to be included. They are shown to break the cylindrical symmetry of the system. Modifying the Laughlin state and the Moore-Read state accordingly, we determine the parameter regimes where they are good representations for the ground state of the system obtained via exact diagonalization. One of the most interesting feature of fractional quantum Hall states is the anyonic behavior of their excitations. We therefore also study quasiholes in the Laughlin state and the modified Laughlin state. They are shown to posses anyonic properties, which become manifest even in small systems. Moreover, the dynamics of a single quasihole causes visible traces in the density of the system which allow to clearly distinguish the Laughlin regime from less correlated phases. In the latter, a sequence of collapses and revivals of the quasihole can be observed, which is absent in the Laughlin regime. Extending our study to bosonic systems with a pesudospin-1/2 degree of freedom, we discuss the formation of strongly correlated spin singlets. Strikingly, at filling v=4/3, the system is described by a state with non-Abelian excitations, which is constructed as the zero-energy ground state of repulsive three-body contact interactions. Systems with internal degrees of freedom also allow for implementing artificial spin-orbit coupling. It is shown to give rise to a variety of incompressible states. In the second part of the thesis, we concentrate on condensed system. Bose-Einstein condensates with spin-orbit coupling are shown to have a degeneracy on the mean-field level, which is lifted by quantum and thermal fluctuations. The system becomes experimentally feasible in three dimensions, where the condensate depletion remains finite, and thus allow for an experimental observation of this order-by-disorder mechanism. Finally, we study the influence of Abelian and non-Abelian gauge fields on the quantum phase transitions of bosons in a square optical lattice. Re-entrant superfluid phases and superfluids at finite momenta are interesting properties featured by such systems.
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Rodríguez, Gonzalo Carmen. "El saber gramtical sobre los tiempos del pasado en alumnos de 4º de secundaria obligatoria. Las relaciones entre conceptualización y uso lingüístico en la enseñanza de la gramática." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/81311.
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Esta tesis doctoral se pregunta por la relación entre la conceptualización y el uso reflexivo en la enseñanza de la gramática, a partir de una intervención en aula con alumnos de 4º de ESO (15-16 años), diseñada como un estudio de evaluación a pequeña escala (Piggot y Barr, 2002), según el modelo de secuencias didácticas de gramática (SDG) (Camps, 2003). Como punto de partida, se eligió un problema observado en las aulas: el predominio del perfecto simple en las narraciones escritas de los estudiantes, en contextos en que la alternancia con el pluscuamperfecto es posible (Perdió el libro que se compró/había comprado pocos días antes). Para estudiar si la reflexión sobre los tiempos verbales incide en la mejora del uso escrito, en situación de aula, se elaboró la SDG ¿Para qué usamos los tiempos verbales del pasado?, en la que se plantean dos tareas comunicativas (Nunan, 2002): una de conceptualización, en la que los alumnos elaboran un cartel explicativo sobre dos tiempos verbales del pasado, que han de contrastar para analizar sus diferencias; y otra de uso reflexivo, en la que los alumnos escriben un relato, con planificación guiada antes de la primera versión y revisión entre iguales del uso de los tiempos del pasado, antes de la versión definitiva.
La implementación de la SDG se realizó en un instituto público de la periferia de Valencia, durante doce sesiones de 55 minutos, grabadas en audio y vídeo. El análisis de datos se planteó como un estudio instrumental de casos (Feagin, Orum y Sjoberg, 1991; Stake, 2005 y 2007; Yin, 2003). El caso es el instrumento que permite explorar el tema objeto de la controversia (issue) que, en nuestro trabajo, se centra en los procesos de aprendizaje de la gramática y su relación con la comprensión y la producción de textos aplicado a cómo los alumnos construyen el conocimiento gramatical sobre los tiempos verbales del pasado y cómo utilizan este conocimiento en situaciones de uso reflexivo.
Se realizó un análisis sistemático de los datos del producto (textos elaborados por los estudiantes), que se contrastó con los datos del proceso (interacciones de aula y revisiones). Este análisis permitió establecer los logros (epistemológicos y funcionales) y las dificultades que el aprendizaje gramatical sobre los tiempos verbales del pasado plantea tanto en la conceptualización como en la utilización en textos narrativos.
Los resultados muestran, por una parte, que la elaboración del conocimiento gramatical ha de tener en cuenta a) la necesidad de graduar la complejidad de los conceptos, b) la vinculación de los conceptos a los entornos de uso, c) la importancia del dominio funcional y d) la relación entre el lenguaje cotidiano y el metalenguaje. Por otra, se muestra que la transferencia del saber teórico al uso reflexivo de la lengua necesita de mediaciones didácticas de aula, entre las que destacan la interacción entre iguales y la revisión con objetivos prefijados.
La relación entre la conceptualización de las formas verbales del pasado y el uso reflexivo de las mismas no es directa ni se produce espontáneamente. Para inducir didácticamente la transferencia de un saber teórico a un saber hacer reflexivo son necesarias situaciones didácticas en las que el profesor comparta el control con los estudiantes, tales como la escritura dentro del aula o la lectura y valoración de los textos escritos por los alumnos, a la luz de consignas establecidas. Este tipo de situaciones permite la evaluación formativa, que favorece el paso del control externo al dominio interiorizado de los usos complejos del lenguaje. El marco de las SDG integra estos requisitos metodológicos y permite un trabajo gramatical reflexivo en el aula.This thesis delves into the relationship between the conceptualization and reflective use of grammar in language teaching through an instructional approach to writing implemented with students in their 4th year of Compulsory Secondary Education (15-16 years old). This instructional approach consists of a small-scale assessment study (Piggot and Barr, 2002), which is based on Camps’ (2003) model of didactic sequences on grammar. A common problem observed in learners’ written narratives in the classroom was selected as a starting point for our teaching intervention: the prevalence of Past simple (perfecto simple) in contexts where the alternation with Past Perfect (pluscuamperfecto) is possible as in the example He lost the book (that) he bought / had bought a few days before (Perdió el libro que se compró/había comprado pocos días antes). In order to observe whether learners’ reflection on verbal tenses could improve their written production in the classroom, the grammatical didactic sequence Why do we use past tense? was developed. This didactic sequence is based on two major tasks (Nunan, 2002): a conceptualization task, in which students produce a poster where they explain two verbal tenses in the past, contrasting and discussing their differences; and a reflective use task, in which learners write a story with guided planning from the teacher in the classroom for the production of a first draft. This draft is peer reviewed with a focus on the use of past tenses, so that a final and second version of the text is written. After developing this didactic sequence in the classroom, a systematic analysis of the product data in this study (texts produced by students) triangulated with the process data (mainly learners’ interactions among themselves and their reviews) was conducted. The results of the analysis reveal students’ achievements in epistemological and functional terms, and learners’ difficulties with regards to learning past tenses in both their conceptualization and their use in narrative texts. The results show that the development of students’ grammatical awareness has to take into account a) the need to grade the complexity of the concepts, b) the relationship between concepts and their contexts of use, c) the importance of the language functional domain, and d) the relationship between everyday language and metalanguage. Furthermore, transfer of theoretical awareness to reflective language usage needs didactic mediation in the classroom such as peer interaction and review with prearranged goals.
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Nortier, Erasmus Wentzel. "Major General Sir Henry Timson Lukin (1860-1925) : the making of a South African hero." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1144.
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Kumar, Satinder. "General practioners generalism and the new genetics." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250019.
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Real, Puigdollers Cristina. "Lexicalization by phase: the role of prepositions in argument structure and its cross-linguistic variation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/120181.
Full textAbstract:
Aquesta tesi proposa una teoria que dóna compte de la variació interlingüística al
nivell lèxic. La present proposta parteix d’una versió forta de la hipòtesi de Hale
i Keyser, segons la qual els processos de lexicalització estan dirigits per principis
sintàctics. Sostinc que la variació al nivell lèxic s’ha d’analitzar com la variació al
nivell oracional, unificant la sintaxi-l(èxica) i la sintaxi-o(racional) per mitjà de la
teoria de la ciclicitat basada en la noció de fase. La fase s’interpreta com l’estadi
derivacional a què tenen accés les interfícies i com el domini de lexicalització.
Des d’aquest punt de vista, la diferència en l’especificació dels trets-f dels nuclis
funcionals determina què és una fase i què no ho és en una determinada llengua, de
la qual cosa es deriva l’emergència de la variació lingüísticamalgrat la uniformitat
de la sintaxi. A partir d’aquest marc teòric, proposo una solució unificada per tal
de donar compte de la variació interlingüística de certs patrons de lexicalització,
com ara l’expressió del trajecte, la manera i la possessió.
La teoria que desenvolupo recolza en una teoria sintàctica de l’estructura argumental
que pren en consideració el paper que tenen els elements no relacionals
(és a dir, les arrels) en el model. Proposo que la sintaxi opera amb les posicions de
les arrels que estan subespecificades en termes semàntics i fonològics i que estan
definides com a nuclis que no projecten (és a dir, que no forneixen cap etiqueta),
les quals per principis sintàctics generals només poden ocórrer al capdavall
de l’estructura, la posició de primer ajuntament de cada (sub)derivació. També
proposo que els nuclis de fase estableixen dominis de lexicalització que habiliten operacions morfològiques com ara la percolació de trets o la inserció de vocabulari
com dues maneres diferents per interpretar fonològicament les representacions
sintàctiques.
Pel que fa als casos que estudio, en primer lloc m’ocupo de l’expressió del
trajecte en les llengües romàniques i germàniques. Proposo una estructura simplificada
del SP en què trets com ara els de fitació emergeixen de manera configuracional
i no per mitjà d’una projecció funcional privativa. Així, argüeixo que el cas
en el sistema d’adposicions és estructural i emergeix de la relació de concordança
entre un SD i els trets-f d’una projecció funcional o nucli de fase, p. Sostinc que
les expressions espacials en romànic són sempre locatives i que els trets-f dels
nuclis de trajecte són defectius, de manera que els inhabilita per ser nuclis de fase
i els situa en el domini de Sv.
En segon lloc, tracto diversos casos d’elasticitat verbal que es poden observar
en les llengües romàniques: l’existència d’objectes cognats, això és, els verbs
intransitius de tipus inergatiu que seleccionen, en certes condicions especials, un
complement directe; d’altra banda, es poden constatar certes construccions resultatives
en romànic, en què un predicat secundari denota un canvi d’estat resultatiu.
A fi d’explicar les construccions esmentades d’una manera unificada, proposo que
en tots els casos hi participa una preposició de coincidència central que estableix
una relació predicativa entre el complement i l’arrel verbal.
En darrer lloc, estudio els verbs de mesura que es caracteritzen per tenir un
complement, el sintagma de mesura, que o bé es comporta com un adjunt o bé
com un argument. Proposo que això és degut a les propietats referencials d’aquest
element quantificador. A més, hi afegeixo una altra propietat que mai no
s’ha discutit abans: el comportament variable dels verbs de mesura respecte de la
inacusativitat. Proposo que els verbs de mesura tinguin una estructura possessiva
subjacent, que té com a nucli un predicat SER que selecciona una preposició de
coincidència central, p. En les llengües romàniques el nucli de fase p no és defectiu
i es pot incorporar a SER, de manera que la fase s’estén i transforma SER, una fase inacusativa i defectiva, en una fase transitiva i saturada, TENIR, que permet
legitimar el cas acusatiu i fornir una posició per a l’argument extern.This dissertation proposes an account for cross-linguistic variation at the lexical level. The proposal stems from a strong version of Hale and Keyser’s hypothesis according to which lexicalization processes are syntactically driven. I claim that variation at the lexical level should be analyzed as variation at the sentential level, by means of the unification of the l(exical) and s(entential)-syntax through the theory of ciclycity provided by Phase Theory. The phase is interpreted as a point of access of the interfaces to the derivation and as the domain for lexicalization. From this perspective, the difference in the specification of f -features in functional heads determines what is a phase and what is not in a particular language, so that the emergence of variation is derived despite the uniformity of syntax. With that framework in mind, I propose a unified solution to the variation across languages of certain lexicalization patterns, namely, the expression of path, manner and possession. The theory I develop builds on a syntactic theory of argument structure that takes into account the role that non-relational elements, namely, roots, have in the model. I propose that syntax operates with root positions that are semantically and phonologically underspecified and that are defined as non-projecting heads, i.e., non-labeling heads, which by general syntactic principles can only be present at the bottom, first merge position of every (sub)derivation. I propose that phase heads establish domains for lexicalization that allow us to consider morphological operations such as feature percolation or vocabulary insertion as two distinct ways for phonologically interpreting syntactic representations. As for the case studies, I first study the properties of path expressions in Romance and Germanic languages. I propose a simplified structure for PPs in which features such as boundedness arise configurationally, not through a specific functional projection. Then, I argue that case in the adpositional system is structural and emerges from the agreement relation between a DP and the f -features of the functional projection or phase head, p. I argue that spatial expressions in Romance are always locative and that there is defectivity in the content of f -features of path heads that makes them to be non-phase heads and to belong to the vP domain. Second, I deal with some cases of verbal elasticity attested in Romance languages: the existence of cognate objects, that is, unergative intransitive verbs that can take under certain restricted conditions a direct object; and the existence of resultative constructions in Romance where a secondary predicate is said to denote a resultative change of state. In order to account for these constructions in a unified way I propose that they all involve a preposition of central coincidence that establishes a predicative relation between the complement and the verbal root. Finally, I study Measure Verbs that are characterized by having a complement, a Measure Phrase, that behaves sometimes as an adjunct and sometimes as an argument. I propose that this is due mainly to the referential properties of this quantificational element. However, I add into the picture another property that has never been discussed before: the variable behavior of Measure Verbs with respect to unaccusativity. I propose that Measure Verbs have an underlying possessive structure that is headed by a BE predicate that selects a central coincidence preposition, p. The non-defective phase p head in Romance languages can incorporate into BE extending the phase and transforming BE, a defective unaccusative phase, into a non-defective transitive phase, HAVE, which is able to license accusative case and to allow for an external argument position.
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Fabró, F. (Ferran). "Análisis de la actividad de rayos y de tormentas relacionadas con la producción de rayos gamma terrestres." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/287987.
Full textAbstract:
Terrestrial Gamma ray Flashes (TGFs) have been known since 20 years ago, but since the first moment of the discovery it was clear that they were related to lightning and thunderstorms. The latest studies revealed that TGFs could be produced during the first stages of the lightning within thunderclouds by a process which is very similar to the X-ray emissions from natural lightning observed from ground or discharges in high voltage laboratory. The study of such phenomena will help to extend and complete the knowledge about lightning and electrical discharges. This study compares geographic, monthly and diurnal cycle global distributions of TGFs and lightning. A fourth region with enhanced production of TGFs has been identified apart from the other three regions previously identified. This analysis further investigates the relation between TGFs, lightning activity and thunderstorms. Moreover, we have seen that the TGF/lightning ratio is different in each region which could be explained by meteorological differences between regions and not by differences in regional lightning detection efficiency. For the first time, meteorological conditions and lightning activity have been compared among situations where a satellite with capability to detect TGFs did or did not detect them. The objective is to identify the best atmospheric conditions for TGF production. We have established that electrification processes associated with strong updrafts and high CAPE values are important to create the best atmospheric conditions that favours TGF generation. In the second part of the study we defined criteria for the TGF/lightning correlation in time. Using these criteria we have identified 90 correlations in South America. Depending on the time difference between TGF and lightning the correlations have been grouped into different categories. For each category the relation between TGF and lightning was justified based on examples of upward propagation of negative leaders detected by a VHF lightning mapping network, consistent with the currently most accepted production theories. We were able to identify associated thunderstorms in 32 of 90 correlation cases. We have analysed the thunderstorm development stage at the moment of TGF production, the vertical extent and areal extent. It was found that analysed thunderstorms shows preferences for TGF production during developing or mature stages and great vertical extension what agrees with situations with strong updrafts and high CAPE values determined in the first part of the study. The last part presents an analysis of the association between X-ray events and lightning registered at the Eagle Nest Tower in the Pyrenees. We have determined that downward negative lightning seems to be the only candidate for x-ray emissions. The theories that support this hypothesis could also explain TGF production, specifically, as in examples of upward negative leaders shown in the previous section. We have also studied whether the high energy background radiation increased in association with thunderstorm electrification. However, in the cases analysed this increase has been associated with radon-ion daughters.Las emisiones de rayos gamma terrestres (TGFs) se conocen desde hace apenas 20 años, pero desde el primer momento se vio claramente su relación con los rayos y tormentas. Los últimos estudios revelan que se podrían producir durante las primeras fases de los rayos en el interior de las nubes por un proceso que sería muy similar a la emisión de rayos X por rayos naturales observados desde suelo o por descargas en el laboratorio de alta tensión. El estudio de estos fenómenos ayudará a ampliar y completar los conocimientos sobre el fenómeno del rayo y de las descargas eléctricas. En primer lugar se han comparado las distribuciones globales geográficas, mensuales y el ciclo diurno de TGFs y rayos. Se ha identificado una cuarta región de producción de TGFs a parte de las tres ya identificadas previamente. Con este análisis se ha contribuido principalmente a la confirmación de las correlaciones de los TGFs con la actividad de rayos y tormentas. Además, se ha visto que las ratios de TGF/rayo varían en las distintas regiones con lo que es probable que se pueda explicar por las diferencias meteorológicas entre ellas y no por diferencias regionales en la eficiencia de detección de rayos. Por primera vez se han analizado las condiciones meteorológicas y actividad de rayos en aquellas situaciones en que un satélite con capacidad para detectar TGFs no los detectaba y se han comparado con aquellas situaciones en que si se detectaron. El objetivo es el de distinguir las mejores condiciones atmosféricas para su producción. Se ha determinado que los procesos de electrificación asociados a fuertes corrientes ascendentes y altos valores de CAPE son importantes para crear las mejores condiciones atmosféricas que favorecen la generación de TGFs. En la segunda parte se definido un criterio para la correlación temporal entre rayos y TGFs. Con este criterio se han identificado un total de 90 correlaciones en Sudamérica. En función de la diferencia temporal entre el rayo y el TGF se han agrupado en distintas categorías. Para cada una de ellas se ha intentado justificar la relación entre el TGF y el rayo en base a ejemplos de rayos detectados por una red VHF y a las teorías de producción más aceptadas hasta la fecha. De 32 de estos casos de correlación se ha podido identificar y analizar la tormenta asociada. Se ha analizado la fase de desarrollo de la tormenta en el momento de la producción del TGF, la extensión vertical y la extensión horizontal. Se ha visto que las tormentas analizadas muestran una preferencia para la producción de TGFs en las fases de desarrollo o madurez y de gran extensión vertical que concuerda con situaciones de fuertes corrientes ascendentes y altos valores de CAPE determinados en el estudio previo. En la última parte se ha analizado eventos registrados en la torre instrumentalizada del Nido del Águila en los Pirineos. Estos eventos corresponden a rayos naturales y radiación X. Se ha determinado que los líderes negativos parecen ser los únicos candidatos para la emisión de rayos X. Las teorías que soportan esta hipótesis podrías explicar la producción de TGFs y, en concreto, los casos reportados en el estudio anterior. Se ha estudiado también si el aumento de la radiación de fondo de alta energía está asociado a la posible electrificación de las tormentas. En el caso analizado se ha asociado este aumento con los descendientes radiactivos de la cadena de desintegración del radón
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Turegano, Mansilla Mª del Pilar. "Language and society in papua new guinea: pidginization, crelization and decreolization in tok pisin." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9780.
Full textAbstract:
As a result of colonialism, pidgins and creoles emerged around the world in order to fulfil the communicative needs of the people who came in contact in the new situation. As those needs disappeared pidgins also gradually disappeared. However, in some areas, such as Papua New Guinea, the need for a common language in such a linguistically heterogeneous society helped the impoverished pidgin evolve into an extended pidgin suitable for use in a wide range of contexts and functions.This dissertation analyzes the parallel developments of Tok Pisin and the history of its speakers, from the birth of the pidgin as a jargon in the Southwest Pacific until the present moment, when as an extended pidgin with a few thousand creole speakers, faces the challenge of adapting to the modern world. In Chapter I some basic considerations are made about the circumstances that allow pidgins and creoles to emerge and the strategies used in their formation and further development. After this introduction to the topic, attention is paid to the relevant events taking place in the southwest Pacific first and in Papua New Guinea later, namely labour trade and plantations, the declaration of a German protectorate in 1884, the changing of colonial powers, World War I and World War II and the current sociolinguistic situation in the country.In Chapter II a diachronic analysis is made of the developments taking place in the different areas of Tok Pisin. During the jargon stage Tok Pisin was used basically for communication between colonizers and natives. There is a need to communicate in a very restricted domain only, communication is very simple and the degree of individual variation is likely to be very high in all the areas of the language. During stabilization norms emerged out of the chaos of the jargon. It was during this stage that Tok Pisin started to be used for communication among natives rather than only between colonizers and natives. When indentured labourers, speakers of different languages, came together on plantations, they soon realized they needed to communicate. The urgent need for vocabulary in the new situation was fulfilled by borrowing from all sources at hand, e.g. English, German, Malay, Tolai. During expansion, Tok Pisin made use of internal resources and expanded the possibilities already present in the language. At the end of this stage, renewed contact of Tok Pisin with English in towns caused a new variety to emerge, Urban Pidgin, characterized by the massive borrowing from English.In Chapter III the focus is on different aspects of the lexicon which will show how Tok Pisin has adapted to its new uses and functions in a new social environment. Tok Pisin is not a language for restricted communication anymore, its use has greatly expanded and, as a consequence, its functions, too. On the one hand, there has been a massive increase of its inventory of lexical items necessary to adapt the language to the new circumstances of the society where it is spoken. New words which deal with new situations have been incorporated from English. On the other hand, stylistic variation is now possible, and a number of changes do not have an influence on the referential power, but rather on style. Tok Pisin has been enriched by new functions including expressive and poetic. Lexicon seems to be affected by external influences earlier than the other areas of the language. Speakers of Tok Pisin seem to be favouring borrowing over exploitation of internal resources. Also in grammar, although to a much lesser extent, these changes can be observed. What evidence shows at the present moment is that the new patterns being borrowed do no seem to be replacing the old ones, but rather both of them coexist. Thus, instability will be a feature of the language while restructuring takes place. This can show that a linguistic continuum might be consolidating and that there might be a range of possibilities within the spectrum to convey the same idea. The gap emerging in the language is a reflection of the changes taking place in society, being caused by different degrees of access to formal education and to an urban setting. As a consequence of the changes taking place in society, the use of loanwords from the substratum is also declining, because they reflect a reality that is gradually disappearing. Only those words whose referent is still present will remain. Also idioms which correspond to a certain interpretation of reality will tend to disappear as the Western culture and beliefs spread. An area where substratum influence tends to be retained longer is exclamations and interjections. However, even here English expressions are finding their way into Tok Pisin.At the present moment very few people in Papua New Guinea are in direct contact with English. And for many it is a language learnt in the formal environment of the classroom. The influence of English on Tok Pisin will not spread if Tok Pisin remains only the language of formal education. However, other factors such as the contact of a growing number of speakers with English as a consequence of expected migration to town areas, the influence of the media or the growing prestige of the urban variety can help to increase the number of English features in Tok Pisin.Throughout its history, Tok Pisin has evolved and has become enriched by its speakers. They, rather than language policies, have been the ones who have decided the direction of the development of the language by accepting or rejecting the different possibilities of expansion. It is in their hands to decide what Tok Pisin will be like, to decide if they want to favour the changes in the direction of English and the consolidation of a linguistic continuum already emerging, knowing there is a risk of losing communicative power, a factor which cannot be undervalued in such a linguistically heterogeneous society.
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Pomer, Monferrer Luis. "Estudio del uso del estilo directo y del estilo indirecto en las "Historiae Alexandri Magni Macedonis" de Quinto Curcio Rufo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9812.
Full textAbstract:
La tesis analiza los métodos de reproducción del discurso empleados en una obra historiográfica latina, La Historia de Alejandro Magno de Quinto Curcio Rufo. Previos al estudio central son el análisis de la obra desde el punto de vista literario y textual y de los métodos de reproducción del discurso en general y en la lengua latina, con especial atención al estilo o discurso indirecto, pues, especialmente a partir del trabajo del profesor L. Rubio, frente al pensamiento tradicional en la gramática latina, que se limitaba a distinguir, como en el resto de lenguas, entre estilo directo e indirecto, estableció una serie de diferencias entre la subordinación y el estilo indirecto, considerando que éste posee unas características especiales en latín de las que ninguna otra lengua es partícipe. Una serie de precedentes dejan entrever las particularidades que desarrolló la lengua latina en este método de reproducción, en especial la sintaxis de Paoli-Lasinio, que distingue entre "discorso indiretto subordinato" y "discorso indiretto indipendente". Los trabajos posteriores al famoso artículo de Rubio fluctúan entre la aceptación total de sus tesis, principalmente los años inmediatamente posteriores a su publicación, la discusión de algunos argumentos aun reconociendo la gramaticalización del procedimiento, y la consideración como simple variante estilística de la subordinación pero sin dejar de serlo. El núcleo de la tesis incluye la selección y traducción de todos los textos de estilo o discurso directo y estilo o discurso indirecto latino en el corpus seleccionado, confrontando los puntos de vista de la bibliografía expuesta con el manejo del corpus, incluidas las referencias a la problemática textual, principalmente en las ocasiones en que afecta directamente a la catalogación de los textos. En todos y cada uno de los textos de estilo o discurso indirecto latino se especifican los motivos por los que se les considera independientes respecto al contexto introductor, la tipología del cual es el referente en que se basa la clasificación de los textos. Se parte del supuesto de la no dependencia sintáctica respecto a un verbo enunciativo modal, lo que excluye la posibilidad de ejemplos encabezados por un uerbum dicendi o sentiendi, por motivos de analogía con aquellos claramente subordinados cuyo verbo introductor no se halla al principio del dictum regido. En los que surgen de la narración, el ambiente enunciativo es sugerido de forma más o menos explícita por el contexto, y la diferente tipología sintáctica de marco y discurso permite la distinción con relativa facilidad, pese a la duda de algunos pasajes susceptibles de depender sintácticamente de una expresión que manifiesta una actividad enunciativa. Sólo hay un ejemplo en la obra de Curcio donde se exige explícitamente tal actividad, mediante la expresión quarum sententia haec erat, con un pronombre de valor catafórico. En los precedidos de subordinación, también se distingue el corte entre marco y discurso con relativa facilidad salvo en el caso, estadísticamente mayoritario, de las completivas de infinitivo, que es la forma natural de desarrollo del método independiente, razón por la cual han de buscarse otros criterios para distinguir el tramo a partir del cual se desarrollan con independencia, en caso de que lo hagan, pues siempre cabe la nada infrecuente posibilidad de asíndeton. El más importante estadísticamente es el cambio de modalidad, principalmente al inicio del discurso, que no requiere un nuevo verbo introductor adecuado a la nueva modalidad ni, en caso de oraciones impresivas, de un nexo subordinante distinto, y se manifiesta en el uso de los modos: infinitivo para la modalidad aseverativa y subjuntivo para la impresivo-expresiva. Conlleva, asimismo, la variedad de contenido consecuencia de la posibilidad de sucesivas pausas internas y una extesión relativamente ilimitada que, sin ser una razón definitiva en teoría, por no ser cuantificable, sí lo es en la práctica. Otros argumentos son la inadecuación semántica entre marco y discurso, que suele manifestarse en un cambio argumental, marcado en ocasiones por algún conector como ceterum, y suele expresar las causas o las consecuencias de la afirmación que sirve e marco al desarrollo independiente, y como criterio inverso la ubicación del verbo subordinante en cualquier otro lugar que no sea anterior al dictum regido. Son definitivos, pese a su limitada aplicación, la semántica negativa del marco, y el infinitivo en las interrogativas, mayoritario en Curcio: es un hecho admitido la clara diferencia formal entre interrogativas indirectas, subordinadas, e interrogativas de estilo indirecto. Acompaña a la selección de textos un estudio pormenorizado de los mecanismos que suponen una traslación del punto de vista del narrador al del personaje: el empleo de la persona, el modo y el tiempo, que incluyen la comprobación de ciertos datos aportados por otros estudiosos. Algunos hechos destacados en el corpus analizado son los escasos cambios deícticos de los adverbios, los numerosos ejemplos de subordinadas en indicativo, la gramaticalización e la perífrasis -ndum/am/um esse para el infinitivo de futuro pasivo, el empleo de los tiempos finitos según la referencia lógica contextual, y el uso frecuente del subjuntivo en las apódosis de modalidad no enunciativa. Pese a la dificultad que implica, se distinguen, en la medida de lo posible, los usos de subjuntivo oblicuo o internamente dependiente de aquellos otros exigidos por el tipo de subordinación. Se aportan una serie de casos límite que ponen de manifiesto la problemática de reconocimiento del estilo indirecto latino por la riqueza estilística y la multiformidad expresiva de la reproducción del discurso de la lengua latina, con un análisis de los motivos a favor y en contra de su independencia respecto al contexto introductor, junto a otros claramente subordinados pero que formarían parte de lo que tradicionalmente se conoce como estilo indirecto. Cierran la tesis una selección, voluntariamente restrictiva, y traducción de algunos textos con las características del estilo indirecto libre en latín según el punto de vista de Bayet, el más generalizado, reconocidos por la proximidad contextual del estilo indirecto, la presencia en el contexto posterior de un conector que señala una vuelta al punto de vista del narrador, y la proximidad de expresiones que manifiestan una actividad enunciativa o simplemente las reflexiones o sentimientos de un personaje.The tesis analyzes the different methods of the reporting reproduction according to Quintus Curtius´book: The History of Alexander the Great. It is found previous to the main study, the analysis of the work -from the literary and textual point of view- and, of the reproduction of the discourse methods not only on the whole but in Latin language. It is paid special attention to the style or Latin indirect speech that, unlike the rest of languages, some authors -mainly from a work of Dr. Rubio- consider syntactically independent regarding the introductory context. The nucleus of the thesis includes the selection and translation of all the texts of style or direct speech and style or Latin indirect speech in the corpus chosen, explaining, in all these last ones, the reasons why they are considered independent regarding the introductory context. Its tipology is the referent in which the texts classification is based, according to they are deduced from the narrative or preceding the subordination, since the syntactic independence doesn´t take a uerbum dicendi or sentiendi, as the traditional grammar states. The selection of texts encloses a detailed study of the mechanisms that suppose a translation from the narrator´s point of view to the character: the use of the person, mood and tense. A series of bonderline cases are given, in which the difficulty of recognition of Latin indirect style becomes evident. Finally, Latin indirect style is presented and also, a selection and translation of some texts with the characteristics of the Latin free indirect style according to Bayet, whose point of view ist the most widespread.
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Zirkel, Kirsten. "Vom Militaristen zum Pazifisten politisches Leben und Wirken des Generals Berthold von Deimling vor dem Hintergrund der Entwicklung Deutschlands vom Kaiserreich zum Dritten Reich /." kostenfrei, 2006. http://docserv.uni-duesseldorf.de/servlets/DerivateServlet/Derivate-3519/1519.pdf.
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Turner, Barry John, and barry turner@rmit edu au. "Nasution total people's resistance and organicist thinking in Indonesia." Swinburne University of Technology, 2005. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060227.095349.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis argues that General Abdul Haris Nasution, the most influential military strategist
that Indonesia has produced, developed an elective affinity between his strategies for 'people�s
resistance' and an organicist vision of the proper relations between the state (including the
military) and society that led to the Indonesian Army�s formulation of a unique, pervasive and
highly durable means of military intervention in politics, the economy and society.
Organicism is a stream of political thinking that views state and society as a single organic
unity. Corporatist / functional modes of interest representation are often associated with
organicist thinking.
Nasution�s 'people�s resistance' strategies emerged during the armed struggle for national
independence (from the Dutch) in the second half of the 1940s. The thesis argues that unlike the
'people�s war' strategies that emanated from the political left at roughly the same time,
Nasution�s concepts were designed to uphold organic 'traditional' authority structures and
depoliticise the national struggle. Associated with these strategies was a system of territorial
commands that shadowed and supervised the aristocratically led civilian administration.
The form of military intervention that grew out of this elective affinity reached its peak during
the New Order regime of former President Suharto (1966 � 1998), when the army used its
'people�s resistance' doctrines and their associated territorial commands to control the
population and the regime championed state-sanctioned corporatist / functional modes of
interest representation.
The identification of this elective affinity is a major point of departure from previous political
biographies of Nasution. Another is the emphasis placed on Nasution�s family and personal life,
particularly in the early chapters.
This thesis explains how personal and family influences encouraged Nasution towards organicist
thinking. It identifies how, in the early 1950s, Nasution idealised his 'people�s resistance'
strategies and the support given to him during the armed struggle by organic 'traditional'
authority figures. It shows how Nasution�s elective affinity between organicist thinking and
'people�s resistance' infused the interventionist doctrines that the army began to develop in the
mid-to-late 1950s.
In recent years the Indonesian Army has distanced itself from corporatist / functional forms of
interest representation and has largely retreated from an active involvement in politics.
Nevertheless, the thesis identifies a continuing adherence within the Army leadership to
Nasution�s system of territorial commands and concepts of 'people�s resistance' that cannot
readily be reconciled with democratic processes.
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Mur, Effing Mercè. "US self-help literature and the call of the east: The acculturation of eastern ideas and practices with special attention to the period from the 1980s onwards." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285773.
Full textAbstract:
Aquesta tesi doctoral, denominada Literatura d’Autoajuda dels EEUU i la Crida de l’ Orient Llunyà: la Acculturaciò d’ Idees i Pràctiques Orientals amb Atenció Especial al Període que va de 1980 en endavant, és un Estudi Cultural sobre la influència del Orient Llunyà dins d’un grup seleccionat de cinc llibres d’autoajuda. Està dividida en tres parts ben definides.
La Primera Part és una introducció al tema d’autoajuda, des d’una perspectiva d’Estudis Culturals: la seva definició, les raons sociològiques, psicològiques i econòmiques de la seva aparició, un intent de categorització tenint en compte diferents corrents de pensament, així com un resum històric dels canvis bàsics en els ideals d’èxit i felicitat tal i com apareixen expressats en la literatura d’autoajuda americana al llarg del temps. L’intent de categorització és enterament meu i està especialment basat en un clar canvi d’orientació al llarg del temps, que ens ajuda a entendre la literatura d’autoajuda com un fenomen socio-cultural en evolució.
En la Segona Part ofereixo un anàlisi cultural exhaustiu sobre la creixent influencia de l’Orient Llunyà en els Estats Units d’Amèrica, des d’una perspectiva històrica, social, psicològica, filosòfica i científica ja que aquesta informació és essencial per establir els contextos històrics, culturals i socials en els que s’ha desenvolupat la literatura d’autoajuda (i les influències orientals que conté). Sense aquest treball de contextualització, hauria estat extremadament difícil tractar autores específics i els seus escrits de forma intel·ligible i transparent.
I finalment, a la Tercera Part, em dedico a l’anàlisi de la articulació de la influència de l’Orient Llunyà dins d’alguns dels llibres d’autoajuda més coneguts i més amplament llegits, des de la dècada de 1980 en endavant, en relació a la seva contribució als objectius relacionats amb la felicitat i la pau interior. Això porta a la conclusió de que les cultures de transformació personal, que han arribat a ser una part tan intrínseca de la cultura americana, sovint adopten i adapten idees i conceptes de fonts molt diferents, especialment de l’Orient Llunyà, moltes vegades per cobrir les seves pròpies necessitats, donant un ‘toc americà’ idiosincràtic.Esta tesis doctoral, denominada Literatura de Auto-Ayuda de los EEUU y la Llamada del Lejano Oriente: La Aculturación de Ideas y Prácticas Orientales con Atención Especial al Período que va de los años 1980 en adelante es un Estudio Cultural sobre la influencia del Lejano Oriente dentro de un grupo seleccionado de cinco libros de auto-ayuda. Está dividida en tres partes bien definidas. La Primera Parte es una introducción al tema de auto-ayuda, desde una perspectiva de Estudios Culturales: su definición, las razones sociológicas, psicológicas y económicas de su aparición, un intento de categorización teniendo en cuenta diferentes corrientes de pensamiento, así como un resumen histórico de los cambios básicos en los ideales de éxito y felicidad tal y como aparecen expresados en la literatura de auto-ayuda americana a lo largo del tiempo. El intento de categorización es enteramente mío y está especialmente basado en un claro cambio de orientación a lo largo del tiempo, que nos ayuda a entender la literatura de auto-ayuda como un fenómeno socio-cultural en evolución. En la Segunda Parte ofrezco un análisis cultural exhaustivo sobre la creciente influencia del Lejano Oriente en los Estados Unidos de América, desde una perspectiva histórica, social, psicológica, filosófica y científica ya que esta información es esencial para establecer los contextos históricos, culturales y sociales en los que se ha desarrollado la literatura de auto-ayuda (y las influencias orientales que contiene). Sin este trabajo de contextualización, hubiera sido extremadamente difícil tratar a autores específicos y sus escritos de forma inteligible y transparente. Y finalmente, en la Tercera Parte, me dedico al análisis de la articulación de la influencia del Lejano Oriente dentro de algunos de los libros de auto-ayuda más conocidos y más ampliamente leídos, desde la década de 1980 en adelante, en relación a su contribución a los logros relacionados con la felicidad y la paz interior. Esto lleva a la conclusión de que las culturas de transformación personal, que han llegado a ser una parte tan intrínseca de la cultura americana, frecuentemente adoptan y adaptan ideas y conceptos de fuentes muy diferentes, especialmente del Lejano Oriente, a menudo para cubrir sus propias necesidades, dándoles un ‘toque americano’ idiosincrático.
This doctoral dissertation called US Self-help Literature and the Call of the East: the Acculturation of Eastern Ideas and Practices with special attention to the period from the 1980s onwards is a Cultural Study on the Far Eastern influence within a selected group of five self-help literature books. It is divided into three well-defined parts: Part One is an introduction to the topic of self-help, from a Cultural Studies perspective: its definition, the sociological, psychological and economic reasons for its appearance, an attempt at a categorisation considering different strands of thought, as well as a historical overview of the basic changes in the ideals of success and happiness as expressed in American non-fiction self-help literature through time. The attempt at a categorisation is entirely mine and it is mainly based on a clear shift in goal orientation throughout time, which helps us to understand self-help literature as an evolving socio-cultural phenomenon. In Part Two, I offer a thorough cultural analysis of the growing Far Eastern influence in the United States of America, from a historical, social, psychological, philosophical and scientific perspective, since this information is essential in order to establish the historical, cultural and social contexts in which self-help literature (and the Eastern influences within it) has developed. Without this work of prior contextualisation, it would have been extremely difficult to approach specific authors and their writings in an intelligible or transparent way. And finally, in Part Three, I deal with the analysis of the articulation of Far Eastern influence within some of the most well-known and widely read self-help books from the 1980s onward, in the light of their contributions to the achievement of happiness and inner peace. This leads to the conclusion that the cultures of personal transformation that have become such an intrinsic part of American culture, frequently adopt and adapt ideas and concepts from very different sources, especially Far Eastern, often to suit their own needs, giving them an idiosyncratic, American touch.
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Ribera, Josep 1966. "La cohesió léxica en seqüències narratives." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9808.
Full textAbstract:
Aquesta tesi doctoral s'ocupa de les operacions discursivocognitivesd'establiment de referents i de represa lèxica de la referència en textos escritsd'estudiants de secundària.Partim d'un corpus doble constituït per seqüències narratives produïdes, d'unabanda, per alumnes de quart curs d'E.S.O (aprenents) i, d'altra banda, per periodistescinematogràfics (experts), que ens proporcionen el corpus de control i, doncs, la base decomparació de les produccions dels aprenents.En primer lloc, hem analitzat els diversos tipus d'estructures nominals ipredicatives que vehiculen la introducció dels referents discursius. En segon lloc, enshem ocupat de la represa lèxica dels referents mitjançant la repetició i els diferents tipusde reiteració (sinonímia, hiperonímia-hiponímia i noms generals).L'objectiu darrer de la recerca ha estat delimitar els problemes de l'establiment idel manteniment lèxic de la referència en les produccions escrites dels aprenents,considerant que les dues operacions constitueixen un pilar fonamental sobre el qual esbasteix la coherència textual i, doncs, l'èxit o el fracàs de la comunicació.El treball s'estructura en set capítols. En el capítol d'introducció exposem eltema, el corpus d'investigació, les hipòtesis, els objectius, la metodologia i el marcteòric de la recerca, que, des d'una perspectiva eclèctica, assumeix els diversos modelsinterpretatius de l'anàfora que ens proporciona la pragmàtica, la lingüística textual i lalingüística cognitiva.En el capítol segon ens ocupem del concepte de referència des de l'òptica de lafilosofia del llenguatge, analitzem i discutim la dicotomia entre els modes referencialsde la dixi i de l'anàfora i, finalment, estudiem el concepte en el marc de la lingüísticatextual i de la gramàtica cognitiva.En el capítol tercer fem una aproximació a les diverses perspectivesinterpretatives de l'anàfora: la teoria generativa del lligam, la reinterpretacióneogriceana d'aquesta teoria i els diversos models discursius i cognitius, insistint en lateoria de Givón sobre la continuïtat dels tòpics i en la teoria de l'accessibilitat d'Ariel.En el capítol quart ens centrem en el concepte de cohesió textual de Halliday iHasan (Cohesion in English, 1976), dedicant una especial atenció a la repetició i a lareiteració com a mecanismes de represa lèxica discursivament i cognitivament diferents.Els capítols cinquè i sisè constitueixen el nucli central de l'estudi. En el cinquèanalitzem l'establiment de la referència i l'anàfora lèxica d'identitat referencial en lesseqüències narratives dels escriptors experts. El capítol sisè s'estructura de maneraparal·lela al capítol cinquè i analitza l'establiment i la represa lèxica de la referència enles produccions escrites dels aprenents. L'anàlisi s'efectua a partir de la comparació delsresultats obtinguts amb els que ens ha proporcionat l'anàlisi dels experts, tant des de laperspectiva qualitativa com des del punt de vista estadístic. En general, tant l'anàlisiqualitativa com la quantitativa revela que el comportament de la cohesió referencial enles produccions escrites dels aprenents és significativament diferent del que palesen elstextos dels experts.Finalment, en el capítol setè presentem les principals conclusions de la recerca iles possibles extensions d'aquest treball.Comptat i debatut, a través de l'anàlisi de la cohesió referencial, aquesta tesidoctoral aprofundeix en les condicions discursives que vehiculen l'establiment delsreferents textuals i la represa lèxica de la referència en les produccions d'escriptorsaprenents. Els resultats que obtenim a través de la comparació amb els usos dels expertspermeten diagnosticar els problemes de la cohesió referencial dels textos dels aprenentsi constitueixen una bona base per a efectuar en el futur propostes aplicades de resoluciódels problemes detectats per millorar la competència comunicativa escrita delsestudiants.This dissertation is concerned with the cognitive operations of introduction ofdiscourse referents and their lexical retrieval in learners' written texts. Our research isbased on a corpus consisting of film summaries (i.e., narrative sequences of filmreviews) produced by secondary school students. In addition, a collection of similartexts written by film journalists (expert writers) is analysed; the experts' corpusprovides a ground to examine critically the learners' texts.The main aim of the research is to delimit those problems related to theintroduction and subsequent lexical retrieval of referents in the learners' writtennarrative sequences, assuming that the two discourse-cognitive operations are essentialto assure textual coherence and thus communicative success or failure.Firstly, the different nominal and predicative structures which make it possiblethe introduction of discourse referents are detected and analysed. Secondly, the lexicalretrieval of the referents previously introduced is examined in detail. A basic distinctionbetween repetition and reiteration (synonymy, hypernymy-hyponymy and generalnouns) as cognitively different devices of lexical cohesion is established. Repetitionconstitutes an anaphoric device which enhances the direct identification of referents,whereas reiteration implies the cognitive recategorisation of the referents and as adevice to avoid repetition makes the discourse more fluent.The results of the research are submitted to a qualitative and quantitativeanalysis which leads to characterise and classify the problems observed in the students'texts so that further applied research on how to improve their writing communicativeabilities can be conducted in the future.
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Speight, Patrick. "The politics and identity of Irish-Argentines in the nineteenth and twentieth century with reference to Perón, the Dirty War and the fall of the generals." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.728665.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis focuses on how the Irish-Argentine community responded to the rise of Juan Domingo Peron in 1946 and the last military dictatorship, 1976-83. To contextualise the assessment I look at the process of identity formation and analyse the role the Southern Cross, the newspaper that chronicles the community from its foundation in 1875 to the present day, and the Irish-Argentine clergy played in that process. The early chapters trace the process of chain migration from Westmeath, Longford and Wexford. The absence of the historic antagonism between Catholicism and Protestantism helps explain why Irish settlers accepted being designated ingleses with equanimity. Tensions developed within the Irish-Argentine community when the Southern Cross came under the influence of Irish nationalist William Bulfin during the first decade of the last century. His efforts to Gaelicise the community found little traction and by the 1930s the Southern Cross was promoting the preservation of the English language as an identity marker for the Irish-Argentine community. In relation to politics, the thesis analyses the Irish-Argentine community’s response to the labour movement at the turn of the last century, the Easter Rising, the First and Second World Wars and the rise of Fascism. The historical analyses that precedes the period from Peron’s election in 1946 through to the rise and fall of the Generals in 1983 permits a greater understanding of why many in the Irish-Argentine community did not protest against the egregious human rights abuses that took place during the Dirty War. Within the Irish-Argentine community the site of conflict during the dictatorship is between two models of church, one traditional and hierarchical, the other based on liberation theology and the Church of the poor. The massacre of three Pallottine priests, two of them Irish-Argentine, and two seminarians in July 1976 divided the community.
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Pinsach, i. Boada Jaume. "Development of recombinant aldolase production process in Escherichia coli." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5325.
Full textAbstract:
Aquest treball s'ha centrat en el desenvolupament del procés de producció d'aldolases recombinants en Escherichia coli.D'una banda, el procés de producció de fuculosa 1-fosfat aldolasa (FucA) recombinant va ser automatitzat utilitzant un sistema d'expressió basat en un promotor feble induïble per IPTG. Donat que la inducció en forma de pols no afectava de forma significativa el metabolisme cel·lular fins que s'havia assolit un alt rendiment de producte, es va implementar un control robust del procés mitjançant l'automatització d'alimentació exponencial de substrat. Es van obtenir cultius d'alta densitat cel·lular controlant la velocitat específica de creixement a nivells de substrat limitants. El llaç de control utilitzat es va basar en l'estimació indirecta de la biomassa (utilitzant l'anàlisi dels gasos de sortida) i balanços de matèria.
D'altra banda, es va desenvolupar el procés de producció de ramnulosa 1-fosfat aldolasa (RhuA) recombinant utilitzant un sistema d'expressió basat en un promotor fort induïble per IPTG. Estudis preliminars d'expressió obtinguts en cultius en erlenmeyer van indicar que l'ús d'un promotor fort presentava importants avantatges. En comparació amb el sistema d'expressió basat en un promotor feble, es van obtenir alts rendiments de producte en terminis més curts i amb menors requeriments d'inductor. No obstant això, el sistema va resultar ser extremadament sensible a la inducció en cultius d'alta densitat cel·lular. Per tant, es va prestar especial atenció al desenvolupament de les estratègies de procés més adients.
En primer lloc, el desenvolupament del procés es va centrar en l'aplicació estratègies d'inducció alternatives en cultius d'alta densitat cel·lular. Tot i que en els estudis preliminars d'expressió s'havien aconseguit elevades activitats específiques, es van mesurar valors inferiors en cultius d'alta densitat cel·lular induïts amb polsos d'IPTG. Les condicions que provocaven un xoc metabòlic a les cèl·lules es van identificar i evitar mitjançant l'aplicació d'una estratègia d'addició contínua d'inductor. Aquesta estratègia va permetre la modulació de la velocitat d'expressió de la proteïna, de tal manera que la durada de la fase de producció es va estendre, els requeriments d'inductor van disminuir i es van assolir elevats rendiments de producte. Tot i això, els resultats encara indicaven una menor activitat específica de l'enzim que en el cas dels estudis preliminars d'expressió.
Disminucions de l'activitat enzimàtica s'han atribuït sovint a l'estrès degut a un excés de temperatura (ja sigui traduït en un mal plegament de la proteïna i/o a proteòlisi en sí), de tal manera que es va dur a terme l'optimització de la temperatura del procés. En aquestes condicions es van mesurar velocitats de producció específiques més baixes, però es va aconseguir millorar significativament els rendiments de RhuA activa.
També es van dur a terme estudis preliminars de modelització del procés. Tot i que no va ser possible calibrar un model de producció prou robust com per descriure totes les situacions que podrien ocórrer (i, per tant, l'optimització matemàtica de l'estratègia del procés no seria fiable), els estudis van permetre la identificació dels aspectes més importants del procés així com dels colls d'ampolla d'aquest.
Aquesta informació va permetre desenvolupar una estratègia de creixement alternativa amb l'objectiu de reduir l'estrès cel·lular degut a la limitació de substrat. Mitjançant el control dels nivells de glucosa al bioreactor, es van obtenir cultius d'alta densitat cel·lular a nivells de substrat inhibitoris per evitar l'acumulació d'acetat. Després de l'optimització de l'estratègia d'inducció, es van obtenir alts rendiments de producte així com una elevada activitat específica de l'enzim.
Finalment, es va realitzar un anàlisi global del procés de producció. Donat que l'objectiu era obtenir un enzim immobilitzat per ser utilitzat com biocatalitzador, les diferents estratègies de producció van ser comparades tenint en compte el seu impacte en les etapes posteriors de purificació i immobilització. Els resultats van mostrar que les estratègies alternatives de procés que s'havien desenvolupat en aquest treball augmentaven significativament els rendiments específics de RhuA immobilitzada activa respecte a l'anterior estratègia. Aquests resultats van posar de manifest la necessitat d'optimitzar la producció de proteïnes recombinants considerant tant el procés de producció com les fases posteriors de purificació i immobilització conjuntament.
This work has been focused on the development of recombinant aldolase production process in Escherichia coli.
On the one hand, the production process of recombinant fuculose 1-phosphate aldolase (FucA) was automated when using an expression system based on an inducible weak promoter. Since pulse induction did not significantly affect the host cell metabolism until high product yields were reached, a robust process control could be implemented by automating an exponential substrate feed. High cell density cultures were obtained at limiting substrate levels by controlling the specific growth rate. The implemented control algorithm used a simple feedback loop based on indirect biomass estimation (using exhaust gas analysis) and mass balances.
On the other hand, the production process of recombinant rhamnulose 1-phosphate aldolase (RhuA) using an expression system based on an inducible strong promoter was developed. Results obtained from preliminary expression studies performed in shake flask cultures indicated that the use of a strong promoter presented important advantages. When compared to the expression system based on a weak promoter, high product yields were obtained in shorter times, and lower amounts of inducer were required. However, when going to high cell density cultures, the system was found to be extremely sensitive to induction. Thus, special attention was paid on the development of suitable process strategies.
First, process development was focused on the implementation of alternative induction strategies in high cell density cultures. While high intracellular specific activities were achieved in shake flasks, lower specific values were measured in standard pulse-induced fed-batch cultures. The conditions under which high metabolic load on host cells compromised the productivity of the process were identified and avoided by implementing a continuous inducer addition strategy. When tuning protein expression rates, the length of the production phase was extended, the requirements of inducer were decreased and high product yields were achieved. However, results still showed lower specific enzyme activity than in the case of preliminary expression studies.
Since decreased enzyme activity has been often attributed to temperature-driven stress (translated into either protein misfolding and/or proteolysis itself), optimisation of process temperature was carried out. Lower specific production rates were measured at a reduced process temperature, but significant improvement was achieved in terms of bioactive RhuA yields.
Besides, preliminary studies on process modelling were carried out. Even though it was not possible to calibrate a production model robust enough to describe all situations which could potentially occur (and, thus, mathematical optimisation of the process strategy would not be reliable), insight of the process was gained, and some of the process bottlenecks and unknown key features were identified.
From these learnings, an alternative growth strategy was then developed to minimise the starvation induced-stress on host cells. High cell density cultures were obtained at non-limiting substrate levels by controlling the glucose concentration in the culture at inhibiting values to avoid acetate accumulation. After optimising the induction strategy, high product yields as well as high specific enzyme activities were obtained.
Finally, an analysis of the global production process was performed. Since the aim of the whole process was to obtain an immobilised enzyme ready to be used as biocatalyst, all different production strategies were compared taking into account their impact on downstream yields. When doing so, results showed that the alternative process strategies which had been developed in this work significantly increased the immobilised specific yields of active RhuA with respect to the previous strategy. These results reinforced the need to optimise recombinant protein production processes considering both the production and downstream stages as a whole.
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Prosser, Van Der Riet Michael. "A study of the policy of promotion of minority languages in China." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10319.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis sets out to analyse the policy of promotion of standardised minority languages and scripts, alongside the universal promotion of the standard Mandarin Han language and script, among minority language speakers of southwestern China lacking a previous tradition of widespread popular literacy. Two case studies are described, evaluated and contrasted, in which the same basic policy has produced significantly different results.Firstly, under the "Relative Success Question", light is shed on why the promotion of the Nuosu script among Nuosu-speakers in the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (Sichuan) has been significantly more successful than that of the Zhuang script among Zhuang-speakers in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, based on the perception that in Liangshan the spread of rural adult minority language literacy and bilingual education have been basically achieved and gained popular acceptance, but not in Guangxi. 8 main hypotheses explaining the differences were explored and found to be valid. These related to ethnic identity, the linguistic behaviour of minority elites, the degree of grass-roots support for the promotion of minority languages and their scripts, attitudes towards minority language medium teaching (and its role in learning Han), the degree of identification with the type of script and oral standard being promoted and to whether or not the promoted script is considered a vehicle of socioeconomic development.Secondly (under the "Implementation Question") some of the limitations of the promotion of even the Nuosu script and the large gap between the constitutionally guaranteed principle of linguistic equality and the stark reality of minimal promotion and use of minority language scripts are explored, particular attention being paid to the passive opposition of many state employees towards the promotion of minority languages.Many of Zhuang (a Tai language)'s 17 million speakers have a limited ethnic consciousness and reject the label "Zhuang", dialectal fragmentation and unintelligibility being very marked. Although popularly thought to be largely hanised, this is only true of the urbanised minority and peasants living in close proximity with Han. Most Zhuang live Michael Prosser van der Riet Summary of doctoral thesis ii in poor rural areas of western Guangxi where they form the overwhelming majority and have no or minimal contact with the Han language outside the school context.Zhuang traditionally adapted Han characters to record regional Zhuang variants. In the 1950s a romanised script was created and promoted briefly in some rural areas, chiefly through literacy campaigns. It was reformed and relaunched in 1980 via literacy campaigns and experimental bilingual classes. By the mid-1980s the promotion had met with considerable, largely covert, opposition, and initial optimism among the promoters had given way to disillusion and pessimism. Officially the project of the Zhuang script is still there but in practice it is dead.The 2 million Nuosu speakers (classified as Yi) of Liangshan have a strong ethnic consciousness. Before 1950 shamans and some nobles used a complex 8,000 character script. In the 1950s a romanised script was promoted with little success, while simultaneously a spontaneous grass-roots movement sprang up among ordinary people to informally learn the traditional script to cover their increasing literacy needs. After the Cultural Revolution a reformed 819 character syllabary based on the traditional script was created and used in adult literacy campaigns and many schools, sometimes with Nuosu as a subject and sometimes as the sole or joint medium of instruction. In core Nuosu areas (in contrast to core Zhuang areas) the new script and its popular use is much in evidence, a large part of the rural population being literate in Nuosu. However, the promotion is far from ensuring the long-term use and maintenance of Nuosu and its implementation has met with serious obstacles.Aquesta tesi pretén analitzar la política de promocionar (o no) les llengües i les escriptures estandarditzades minoritàries no hans, al costat de la promoció de la llengua i l'escriptura hans mandarines, entre els membres de nacionalitats minoritàries del sudoest de la Xina que prèviament no posseïen una tradició literària popular estesa. Amb aquesta finalitat es descriuran, s'avaluaran i es contrastaran dos estudis de cas en els quals la implementació de la mateixa política bàsica ha produït resultats significativament diferents.Sota la qüestió de l'èxit relatiu del nuosu s'exploren vuit hipòtesis per a aclarir per què la promoció de l'escriptura nuosu (=yi de Liangshan) ha tingut significativament més acceptació, efecte i èxit entre els parlants de nuosu de la prefectura autònoma yi de Liangshan (Sichuan) que no la de l'escriptura zhuang a la regió autònoma zhuang de Guangxi. Aquestes hipòtesis estan relacionades amb la identitat ètnica, el comportament lingüístic de les elits minoritàries, el grau de suport popular, les actituds cap a l'ensenyament d'escriptures no hans (i el paper d'aquestes escriptures en l'aprenentatge de l'han), el grau d'identificació amb el tipus d'escriptura i l'estàndard oral promoguts, i amb el fet que l'escriptura promoguda es considere o no com a vehicle de desenvolupament socioeconòmic.Sota la qüestió de la implementació s'analitzen algunes de les limitacions que afecten, fins i tot, la promoció de l'escriptura nuosu. Altrament dit, s'intenta explicar per què hi ha una divergència tan gran entre el principi constitucionalment reconegut d'igualtat lingüística (segons el qual es fomentaria una situació de bilingüisme a llarg termini) i la realitat d'una promoció i un ús mínims de les escriptures de les llengües minoritàries.S'examinarà sobretot l'oposició passiva de molts funcionaris envers la promoció de llengües minoritàries.Aquestes dues situacions de llengües minoritàries (la majoria de parlants de les quals té cap o un mínim de coneixements d'han) mostren dos resultats radicalment diferents de la mateixa política lingüística bàsica. Generalment la promoció de l'escriptura nuosu a Liangshan es considera com un èxit relatiu, mentre que la de l'escriptura zhuang a Guangxi és vista com un fracàs.
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Guia, Josep. "Principis teòrics i metodològics per a l'estudi de les unitats fràsiques en textos versificats. Anàlisi fraseològica de "l'Espill"." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9810.
Full textAbstract:
La tesi de Josep Guia, Principis teòrics i metodològics per a l'estudi de les unitats fràsiques en textos versificats. Anàlisi fraseològica de l'Espill, consta de cinc capítols, que es poden agrupar en tres parts. La primera part (capítols 1 i 2) es dedica als aspectes teòrics de la Fraseologia, en tant que disciplina lingüística, als processos de formació d'unitats fràsiques i llur inserció en context, així com a consideracions metodològiques per a l'elaboració i l'estudi de corpus fràsics, fets a partir de la presència intertextualitzada de les unitats. S'hi inclou un ampli ventall d'exemples en textos poètics medievals de diverses literatures europees. La segona part (capítol 3) té per objecte la presentació de l'Espill, en tant que obra elegida per a l'anàlisi fraseològica, alhora que s'hi aporten puntualitzacions i novetats en el camp de la crítica literària i la indagació de fonts. En particular, s'hi estableix la temporalitat detallada de la vida de ficció del protagonista-narrador, mostrant alguns anacronismes contextuals, i s'hi posa de manifest que Lo Cartoixà, traduït al català per Joan Roís de Corella, és una font de l'Espill. La tercera part (capítols 4 i 5) recull l'estat de la qüestió, és a dir, la descripció i valoració de les observacions amb interès fraseològic fetes fins avui per crítics, comentaristes i editors de l'Espill (al capítol 4). Al capítol 5, s'hi fa l'anàlisi fraseològica de l'obra, a partir del disseny d'una fitxa amb quinze camps: Fragments amb unitats fràsiques, Forma canònica, Definició, Classificació, Quantificació, Modalitat d'inserció, Funció discursiva, Documentació, Traduccions, etc. i l'elaboració d'una base de dades interactiva, amb 1111 registres, corresponents a les unitats fràsiques extretes de l'Espill. A les conclusions, s'hi troben les principals aportacions de la tesi, entre les quals el mètode de les concordances fràsiques, el model per a l'elaboració d'un corpus fràsic a partir d'un corpus textual i les correccions d'errors en la fixació i interpretació del text de l'Espill, derivades de la lectura de Lo Cartoixà i de l'anàlisi fraseològica. La tesi duu dos apèndix: l'un, la relació de les unitats fràsiques del corpus, ordenada pels mots clau i amb remissions als registres corresponents de la base de dades; l'altre, la base de dades completa, ordenada segons l'ordre d'aparició de la primera inserció de cada unitat a l'Espill.The doctoral thesis of Josep Guia, titled Methodological and Theoretical Principles for Studying Phrasal Units in Versed Text: A Phraseological Analysis of Espill, consists of five chapters which are grouped into three parts. The first part, chapters 1 and 2, is dedicated to the theoretical aspects of the Phraseology, as the linguistic discipline, including the process of formation of phrasal units and the ways in which they are inserted in a text, and the methodological considerations needed to extract and study a phrasal corpus. In doing this, Guia looks at intertextualized occurrences of phrasal units and a wide range of examples drawn from European poetic medieval literature. The second part, chapter 3, introduces the Catalan medieval text Espill as the focus of the thesis's phraseological analysis and comments on and contributes to literary criticism and the investigation of primary sources. Guia establishes in detail the chronology of the fictional life of the protagonist-narrator of Espill and discovers several contextual anachronisms. He also claims that Lo Cartoixà, translated to Catalan by Joan Roís de Corella, was a source for Espill. The third part, chapters 4 and 5, looks at the state of the question by describing and evaluating observations of phraseological interest contributed hitherto by critics, commentators, and publishers of Espill (in chapter 4). In chapter 5, analyzes Espill's phrasicon through use of a form consisting of 15 fields. The fields are Fragments Containing Phrasal Units, Canonical Form, Definition, Classification, Quantification, Modes of Insertion, Discursive Function, Documentation, Translations, et cetera. The analysis is further developed through use of an interactive database with 1,111 entries of phrasal units extracted from Espill. The conclusion contains the thesis's principal contributions, including a method to locate and evaluate phrasal units, a model for developing a phrasal corpus using a body of text, and corrections of errors committed in the interpretation and determination of the text of Espill, as found via a close reading of Lo Cartoixà and phraseological analysis. Finally, the thesis contains two appendices. The first lists Espill's phrasal units, which are ordered by keyword and are referenced to corresponding entries in the database. The second is the database in its entirety, ordered according to each unit's order of appearance in Espill.
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Saneleuterio, Temporal Elia. "·En la carne desnuda la escarcha". Modalización lírica y construcción simbólica en la poesía de José Hierro." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/81531.
Full textAbstract:
En la Tesis Doctoral “En la carne desnuda la escarcha”. Modalización lírica y construcción simbólica en la poesía de José Hierro se lleva a cabo un recorrido por la obra poética del santanderino de adopción Pepe Hierro (1922-2002) mediante el cual se confirma la hipótesis de que su poesía puede dividirse en dos épocas creativas diferenciadas, correspondientes a dos poéticas también diferentes. Para ello, se analiza la obra del poeta desde dos perspectivas básicas en todo discurso lírico: la modalización lírica y los procedimientos simbólicos que se construyen. Según ambas perspectivas es posible, en efecto, determinar un punto de inflexión en su poesía y delimitar en ella, por tanto, dos momentos cuyas características se definen a lo largo del trabajo.
Los caminos analíticos que se abren en las distintas secciones desembocan en un par de conclusiones principales que podrían sintetizar de alguna manera gran parte de los hallazgos que se desmenuzan en la Tesis: por un lado, que las actitudes líricas del primer Hierro se acomodan en menor o mayor medida a las poéticas realistas vigentes en la posguerra y evolucionan después hacia formas posmodernas en consonancia con las corrientes de la joven poesía; por otro lado, que la construcción simbólica de sus libros, aunque no resulta tan determinante, es también diferente según los libros, presentando ciertas similitudes generales en los pertenecientes a cada una de las épocas. Así, tanto desde el punto de vista de las frecuencias de aparición de ciertos símbolos o fenómenos pragmáticos, como desde sus posibles interpretaciones, el punto de inflexión coincide: entre Cuanto sé de mí y Libro de las alucinaciones.Doctoral Thesis "Naked flesh frost". Lyrical modalization and symbolic construction in the poetry of José Hierro conducts the readers to the poetic world of one of most important Spanish contemporary poets: José Hierro (1922-2002). Through the route, several hypothesis are confirmed. The main one is that his poetry can be divided into two creative periods which correspond to two different poetics. To do this, the Thesis analyze the poet's work from two basic perspectives in all lyrical discourse: lyrical modalization and symbolic procedures. According to both perspectives is indeed possible to determine a turning point in his poetry and define, therefore, two creative phases in his literary career, two moments with features which are defined throughout the paper. In the different sections are opened analytical paths leading to many findings that could somehow be synthesized by the main conclusions of the Thesis: first, that the lyiric attitudes of Hierro’s beginning stage fit more or less to the realistic poetic after Spanish civil war. These pragmatic figures develop then to postmodern forms according to young poetry currents. On the other hand, that the symbolic construction of José Hierro’s books is not so decisive, but it is also different depending on the books: symbols of each phase have some general similarities among themselves. From both points of view (frequency of certain symbols and pragmatic phenomena, and their possible interpretations) the turning point coincide: between publication of Cuanto sé de mí (1957) and Libro de las alucinaciones (1964).
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Martín, López María Aránzazu. "La gestión del tiempo y su reflejo en el lenguaje." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10328.
Full textAbstract:
El tiempo -en su acepción cronológica- ha estado siempre en el origen de las más importantes preguntas a lo largo de la historia de la humanidad. Sin embargo, nunca había alcanzado el extraordinario valor que ha adquirido en nuestra cultura como bien apreciadísimo y escaso que se ha equiparado con el dinero e incluso ha llegado a superarlo.Es precisamente el tiempo el objeto de atención de esa tesis, que lleva por título La gestión del tiempo y su reflejo en el lenguaje, un tema clave en nuestra sociedad, en la que, paradójicamente, a pesar de haberse prolongado la esperanza de vida y tener a nuestro alcance unas tecnologías que nos permiten agilizar el desarrollo de nuestras actividades, no paramos de quejarnos de la falta de tiempo.Y es que todos nos encontramos diariamente ante el reto casi imposible de hacer encajar en tan sólo 24 horas todas las actividades que se derivan de los distintos roles que asumimos -como padres, como hijos, como pareja, como profesionales, como estudiantes, como responsables de un hogar, como amigos.La tesis es un trabajo de reflexión que, a su vez, invita a la reflexión, acerca del uso que hacemos de nuestro tiempo en nuestra cultura -poniendo de manifiesto la capacidad de decisión individual- y sobre el papel que desempeña el lenguaje, no sólo como reflejo de cuanto ocurre, sino como herramienta para introducir cambios en la realidad.La tesis se divide en tres partes. En la primera se analiza el modo en que entendemos el tiempo en nuestra cultura de la prisa, que se olvida del presente y se vuelca en el futuro y nos lleva a sobrecargar nuestras agendas e intentar conciliar las diversas esferas de nuestras vidas sin conseguirlo, convirtiéndonos en víctimas del estrés y de lo que ya se conoce como la enfermedad de tiempo. La situación se complica ante dos hechos -la incorporación generalizada de las mujeres al mundo del trabajo remunerado y el aumento de la esperanza de vida- que se han traducido en un aumento de las personas dependientes y en las dificultades para atenderlas.Tras el análisis de la situación, en la segunda parte se aborda el modo en que la cultura de la prisa en la que vivimos tiene su fiel reflejo en el lenguaje. El lenguaje actúa como un espejo, detecta los problemas que nos preocupan y reacciona poniendo en circulación palabras y expresiones que nos indican que algo grave está pasando. Como muestras para el análisis se incluyen las definiciones de los diccionarios, los refranes -como representantes de nuestro pasado ancestral y la voz de la sabiduría que hemos oído por la boca de nuestros abuelos y nuestros padres- y los mensajes publicitarios, que vienen a ser los refranes de hoy -como portadores de los valores de nuestra sociedad de la prisa-, prestando especial atención a los de los productos cosméticos.La tesis refleja las contradicciones que tienen lugar en el escenario de la calle, en el que chocan los dos conceptos temporales que tienen su origen en los refranes y en los que nos trasladan los anuncios. El análisis se ilustra con una Fraseología del tiempo, que cierra la segunda parte y abre las puertas al Vocabulario del Tiempo, que es la tercera parte del trabajo.La tesis plantea un interrogante final, sobre el papel del lenguaje no ya sólo como herramienta que nos permite diagnosticar la enfermedad del tiempo sino también como medicina que nos ayude a superarla.Time has always been a fascinating subject that has inspired the most important mankind questions. However, never before time had been considered to have such a great value, as important -or even more- than money.The title of this thesis is Time administration and its reflection on language, a key matter in the nowadays society, where most of us feel we don't have enough time to play our different roles in life even if we have a higher life expectancy than ever before and the benefits of new technologies on our daily activities.This thesis is a reflection that attempts to invite people to think about the way our culture -that is a rush culture- makes us invest our time, trying to do more things than we can. The paper is divided in three parts. The first one analyzes the meaning of time in our culture and the high levels of stress and cases of time disease that it provokes. The second part shows the way the language reflects the time problems and contradictions we suffer. In this part there are examples that display the different ideas relating time: dictionary definitions, popular sayings and commercial ads. This part ends with Phrases of time.The third part includes a personal Vocabulary of time, collecting 323 words that show us the concept of time we have in our express culture. The thesis ends with a great question, that is also a suggestion: why don-t we consider language not only as a way to analyze our society but also as a way to change the things we don't like and a medicine to recover from time disease?
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Osa, Melero Lucía. "A comparative analysis of the effects of three prereading activity types on the reading comprehension of fourth-semester students of Spanish in an English-speaking environment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/78868.
Full textAbstract:
Reading texts with historical and socio-political content in a foreign language (FL) is usually a challenge for second language (L2) students. The obstacles encountered by the students should be of concern to language instructors and coordinators. Lack of background knowledge causes the reader to abandon the activity with a sense of disappointment and frustration. This quantitative semester long study examined and compared the effects of two different types of pre-reading activities on the reading comprehension of college students of Spanish fourth semester when reading texts about socio-political and historical issues. The pre-reading activities are guided cooperative versus textbook-based individual. On the one hand, multiple-choice test findings indicated that guided cooperative pre-reading activities significantly increased participants’ comprehension. On the other hand, holistic results from the written recall protocol showed no difference between either pre-reading treatments. Yet, the results confirmed that guided cooperative pre-reading activities prompted participants to remember significantly a high percentage of main ideas, but did not make an impact on the recall of supporting ideas and/or minor details.Desde el inicio de la historia de la enseñanza de lenguas las actividades de comprensión de lectura han sido consideradas prácticas comunes en clases de lengua extranjera (L2). Sin embargo, la comprensión de lectura en clases de español como lengua extranjera (ELE) sigue siendo un reto difícil para los estudiantes. Por ello, los expertos en enseñanza de L2 siguen buscando prácticas pedagógicas que reduzcan la dificultad del proceso de lectura, aunque éstas no sean siempre adecuadas. Es importante indicar que la falta de conocimiento previo que los estudiantes aportan al texto en L2 los conduce en ocasiones a un estado de frustración que suele concluir en abandono de la lectura. La presente tesis examina y compara los efectos en la comprensión lectora de tres tipos diferentes de actividades de pre-lectura en clases de ELE a un nivel intermedio-avanzado. Estas actividades son: cooperativas guiadas, actividades en grupos tradicionales y actividades individuales basadas en un libro de texto. Por un lado se comparan las actividades cooperativas guiadas con actividades individuales y por otro se comparan las actividades en grupos tradicional con individuales. La primera comparación revela que en los exámenes de opción múltiple las actividades de pre-lectura cooperativas guiadas aumentan notablemente la comprensión lectora de los participantes. Los resultados obtenidos de los recuerdos de protocolo inmediato demuestran que ambas actividades influyen de la misma forma en los resultados globales de la comprensión lectora. No obstante, se confirma que los participantes comprenden y recuerdan un mayor porcentaje de ideas principales del texto al utilizar actividades de pre-lectura cooperativas guiadas. En cuanto a la comprensión y recuerdo de las ideas de apoyo y los detalles del texto, ambas actividades tienen el mismo impacto. En cuanto a la segunda comparación, actividades de grupo tradicional versus individuales, los exámenes de opción múltiple indican que las actividades individuales ocasionan una mayor comprensión. Según los resultados de los protocolos de recuerdo inmediato, ambas actividades de pre-lectura logran el mismo porcentaje de comprensión global y de ideas principales del texto. Los resultados en cambio demostraron que las individuales benefician significativamente la comprensión de ideas de apoyo y detalles del texto.
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Sanchis, Bayarri Vicente. "Contribución al estudio de la globalización, la prevención y la cronificación del sida en la prensa escrita durante el año 2006 en los periódicos El País, El Mundo y el ABC y en la prensa científica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10322.
Full textAbstract:
El objeto de esta investigación es averiguar si en el tratamiento que hacen del sida en los medios impresos españoles se da de manera explicita ó implícita la prevención, entendiendo que ésta puede ser el resultado de un uso particular del lenguaje verbal, pero no perdiendo de vista que la prevención también puede derivar de laz selección de informaciones ó del tratamiento que se haga de ella (opiniones, puntos de vista, empleo de fuentes, uso correcto del lenguaje biomédico etc.) Para ello nos ha servido de guía el último Congreso Internacional del sida de Toronto de 2006. Para llevar a cabo la misma, hemos tenido en cuenta las piezas periodísticas que han aparecido en tres diarios españoles (El Pais, El Mundo y el ABC) . Con ello se ha elaborado un Corpus. La muestra se extrajo entre las informaciones que se editaron entre el 1 de enero y 31 de diciembre de 2006. Nos ha parecido interesante verificar si los autores señalados como referentes (Piot, Fauci, Montagnier y Halperin) eran citados en los tres diarios consultados, dado que estos autores son importantes en las revistas científicas serias como el Lancet y el New England Journal of Medicine. De la consulta de varios periódicos deducimos que actualmente la prensa en lugar de educar sanitariamente, se dedica a promover la promiscuidad.The object of this investigation is to quarrel if in the treatment that they do of the AIDS in the printed Spanish means one gives in an explicit way ó implicit the prevention, Understanding that this one can be the result of a particular use of the verbal language, but not losing of sight that the prevention also can derive of laz selection of information ó from the treatment that is done of her (opinions, points of view, employment of sources, correct use of the biomedical language etc.) To carry out the same one, we have born in mind the journalistic pieces that have appeared in three Spanish diaries (El Pais, El Mundo y el ABC). With it a Corpus has been elaborated. The sample was extracted between the information that were edited between January 1 and December 31, 2006. It has seemed to us to be interesting to check if the authors indicated like relating (Piot, Fauci, Montagnier and Halperin) They were mentioned in three consulted diaries, provided that these authors are important in the scientific serious magazines as the Lancet and the New England Journal of Medicine. Of the consultation of several newspapers we deduce that nowadays the press instead of educating sanitarily, devotes itself to promote the promiscuity.
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Ramírez, Beneyto Ramón. "El compositor Josep Pons i el llenguatge musical per a la litúrgia de l'ordinarium: "Missa a 4 ÿ a 8 con oboes, violines ÿ trompas sobre l'antífona Ecce Sacerdos Magnus" (1786)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10313.
Full textAbstract:
L'autor divideix la present tesi en dos grans blocs: el primer dedicat als aspecteshistòrics, en els quals s'emmarca la figura del personatge estudiat i el segon atenentespecíficament als aspectes purament tècnics del seu llenguatge musical, mitjançantl'estudi de l'obra recuperada.En la primera part es planteja una aproximació a la figura del mestre Pons a partirde la reconstrucció del seu periple vital, des que nasquera a Girona en 1.770 fins que esva produir la seua mort a València a l'agost de 1.818. Per a això es va desenvolupar unminuciós treball de camp basat en l'estudi de les actes capitulars i altres registresdocumentals en les catedrals de Girona, Salamanca, Còrdova, Tui i Valènciaprincipalment, i el buidatge dels arxius musicals de les innumerables seus religioses quecontenen obres seues, elaborant amb totes elles el catàleg provisional de lescomposicions de Josep Pons contingut als annexos. Es presenta ací un detallat estudi del'ambient musical -religiós i profà- de la ciutat de València, en aqueix moment detransició històrica en el que es van precipitar de manera especial els esdeveniments;mostrant l'activitat desenvolupada per la capella i fent especial incidència en les"migdiades musicals". Completarà aquesta primera part l'exposició de l'organigrama de lacapella catedralícia i les persones que van ocupar els respectius llocs durant lapermanència de Josep Pons al front de la mateixa, sense oblidar la faceta pedagògica delmestre per mitjà de la posterior evolució personal que desenvoluparien els seus principalsdeixebles.La segona part està dedicada a una detallada anàlisi de la seua obra "Missa a 4 ÿ a 8con oboes, violines ÿ trompas, sobre l'antífona Ecce sacerdos magnus" -obra de joventutcomposada a la primerenca edat de 16 anys- descobrint les ferramentes compositives i elspersonals recursos estilístics que el mestre Pons desenvoluparia al llarg de la seua vida,com ara: ritme, melodia, harmonia, textures, continuïtat, coherència, recursos, retòrica,etc., que se mostraran convenientment per mig de exemples, gràfics i quadres explicatius;a més de l'estudi comparatiu d'aquesta obra amb les altres del mateix autor i d'altrescomposades -tant al seu entorn més proper com el més llunyà- per Nebra o Corselli iHaydn o Mozart. Amb tot això s'obté com a resultat l'essència del que podríemconsiderar com paradigma estètic del seu llenguatge musical específicament dedicat al'ordinarium misae.Les conclusions a les que hi arriba el autor ens descobreixen a un home d'església, aun valuós compositor que va gaudir d'un anomenat prestigi, per la important distribució-en vida pròpia- de més de tres-centes obres seues entre els més importants arxius demúsica religiosa del moment en el nostre país. Tot això en un decisiu moment detransició i definició estètica, pel què es mantindran en Pons intencionadamentdeterminats recursos estilístics de moments anteriors, però sense romandre ancorat ambexclusivitat en ells i no deixant per això de mostrar tímidament una certa inquietud en larecerca de noves possibilitats harmòniques i formals.The author divides this thesis into two large areas: the first one looks into the historicalaspects, comprising the character object of study, and the second one deals only with thepure technical aspects of his musical language through the study of the rescued work.The first part is an approach to Master Pons's person starting from the reconstructionof his life, from his birth in Girona in 1770 to his death in Valencia, in August 1818. To dothis, a painstaking field work has been developed, based mainly upon the chapterhousedocuments and other records in the cathedrals of Girona, Salamanca, Cordoba, Tuy andValencia, and the comprehensive search of musical files in countless religious sees thatcontain his works, a provisional catalogue of all of Josep Pons's compositions has been set upand shown in the annexes. We can find there a detailed study of the musical atmosphere -both religious and profane - of Valencia, at that time of historic transition in which eventstook place in fast succession underlining the Chapel's activities; and placing a special emphasisupon the "musical noons". This first part ends with the diagram of the cathedral chapel andthe people who were there when Josep Pons was in charge, without forgetting thepedagogical aspect that was to be developed later by his best disciples.The second part implies a close analysis of his work "4 and 8 voice Mass for oboes,violins and French horns on the antiphon Ecce sacerdos magnus" -a youthful workcomposed at the age of 16 - through which he discovers the composition tools and thestylistic resources that Master Pons would develop all along his life: rhythm, melody,harmony, textures, continuity, coherence, resources, rhetorics, etc. that will be shown inexamples, graphics and explanatory tables. To all this we add a comparative study of thementioned work with others of the same composer and other compositions both of hisinner circle and of others like Nebra, Corselli, Haydn or Mozart. With all this we obtain as aresult the essence of what might be considered the aesthetic paradigm of his musical language,specifically dedicated to the Ordinary of the Mass.The conclusions of the author show us a man of the Church ,a valued composer whoenjoyed in his time a great prestige because of the fact that he composed - in his life timemorethan three hundred works found throughout the most important archives of religiousmusic in our country. All this took place in a crucial moment of transition and a aestheticdefinition. Pons will purposefully retain certain stylistic resources from earlier periods butwithout feeling constricted by them nor avoiding a certain, shy restlessness in the search fornew harmonic and formal possibilities.