Journal articles on the topic 'Generalised existence variety'
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1
Terkourafi, Marina. "Understanding the present through the past." Diachronica 22, no. 2 (December 7, 2005): 309–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.22.2.04ter.
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Studies of Greek as spoken today in Cyprus draw attention to a generalised variety of Cypriot Greek, free from local variation within the island, yet diverging in several ways from the standard spoken on the mainland. In this article, I attempt first to classify this variety, examining whether it exhibits structural and sociohistorical characteristics of koinés. Having established today's generalised Cypriot variety as a koiné, I then trace its evolution, arguing that an early koiné already came into existence in the late 14th c., playing an important role in the formation of both the modern Cypriot dialect and today's koiné.
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Al-Ghafri, K. S. "Different Physical Structures of Solutions for a Generalized Resonant Dispersive Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with Power Law Nonlinearity." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2019 (February 3, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6143102.
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In this work, we investigate various types of solutions for the generalised resonant dispersive nonlinear Schrödinger equation (GRD-NLSE) with power law nonlinearity. Based on simple mathematical techniques, the complicated form of the GRD-NLSE is reduced to an ordinary differential equation (ODE) which has a variety of solutions. The analytic solution of the resulting ODE gives rise to bright soliton, singular soliton, peaked soliton, compacton solutions, solitary pattern solutions, rational solution, Weierstrass elliptic periodic type solutions, and some other types of solutions. Constraint conditions for the existence of solitons and other solutions are given.
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Tilstra, L. G., R. Lang, R. Munro, I. Aben, and P. Stammes. "Contiguous polarisation spectra of the Earth from 300 to 850 nm measured by GOME-2 onboard MetOp-A." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, no. 7 (July 9, 2014): 2047–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2047-2014.
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Abstract. In this paper we present the first contiguous high-resolution spectra of the Earth's polarisation observed by a satellite instrument. The measurements of the Stokes fraction Q/I are performed by the spectrometer GOME-2 onboard the MetOp-A satellite. Polarisation measurements by GOME-2 are performed by onboard polarisation measurement devices (PMDs) and the high-resolution measurements discussed in this paper are taken in the special "PMD RAW" mode of operation. The spectral resolution of these PMD RAW polarisation measurements varies from 3 nm in the ultraviolet (UV) to 35 nm in the near-infrared wavelength range. We first compare measurements of the polarisation from cloud-free scenes with radiative transfer calculations for a number of cases. We find good agreement but also a spectral discrepancy at 800 nm, which we attribute to remaining imperfections in the calibration key data. Secondly, we study the polarisation of scenes with special scattering geometries that normally lead to near-zero Q/I. The GOME-2 polarisation spectra indeed show this behaviour and confirm the existence of the small discrepancy found earlier. Thirdly, we study the Earth polarisation for a variety of scenes. This provides a blueprint of Q/I over land and sea surfaces for various degrees of cloud cover. Fourthly, we compare the spectral dependence of measurements of Q/I in the UV with the generalised distribution function proposed by Schutgens and Stammes (2002) to describe the shape of the UV polarisation spectrum. The GOME-2 data confirm that these functions match the spectral behaviour captured by the GOME-2 PMD RAW mode.
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Tilstra, L. G., R. Lang, R. Munro, I. Aben, and P. Stammes. "Contiguous polarisation spectra of the Earth from 300–850 nm measured by GOME-2 onboard MetOp-A." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 6, no. 6 (December 19, 2013): 11309–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-11309-2013.
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Abstract. In this paper we present the first contiguous high-resolution spectra of the Earth's polarisation observed by a satellite instrument. The measurements of the Stokes fraction Q/I are performed by the spectrometer GOME-2 onboard the MetOp-A satellite. Polarisation measurements by GOME-2 are performed by onboard polarisation measurement devices (PMDs) and the high-resolution measurements discussed in this paper are taken in the special "PMD RAW" mode of operation. The spectral resolution of these PMD RAW polarisation measurements varies from 3 nm in the ultraviolet (UV) to 35 nm in the near-infrared wavelength range. We first compare measurements of the polarisation from cloud-free scenes with radiative transfer calculations for a number of cases. We find good agreement but also a spectral discrepancy at 800 nm, which we attribute to remaining imperfections in the calibration key data. Secondly, we study the polarisation of scenes with special scattering geometries that normally lead to near-zero Q/I. The GOME-2 polarisation spectra indeed show this behaviour and confirm the existence of the small discrepancy found earlier. Thirdly, we study the Earth polarisation for a variety of scenes. This provides a blueprint of Q/I over land and sea surfaces for various degrees of cloud cover. Fourthly, we compare the spectral dependence of measurements of Q/I in the UV with the generalised distribution function that was proposed in the past (Schutgens and Stammes, 2002) to describe the shape of the UV polarisation spectrum. The GOME-2 data confirm that these functions match the spectral behaviour captured by the GOME-2 PMD RAW mode.
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Lee, Min Ho. "Existence of Torus bundles associated to cocycles." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 73, no. 3 (June 2006): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972700035383.
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A Kuga fibre variety is a fibre bundle over a locally symmetric space whose fibre is a polarized Abelian variety. We describe a complex torus bundle associated to a 2-cocycle of a discrete group, which may be regarded as a generalized Kuga fibre variety, and prove the existence of such a bundle.
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Rasool, Haroon, Mushtaq Ahmad Malik, and Md Tarique. "The curvilinear relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 14, no. 5 (March 16, 2020): 891–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-04-2019-0017.
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Purpose The genesis of Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) of “grow now clean later” has led to a substantial deterioration of local as well as the global environment. India has not been spared of this malaise and accounts for the third-largest carbon dioxide emitter in the world. Thus, the present study revisits the curvilinear relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution in case of India over the period of 1971-2014. Design/methodology/approach Dickey–Fuller generalised least square (DF-GLS) test developed by Elliott et al. is used to ensure that none of the variables is I(2). The study applies the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds estimation technique to test for the existence of cointegration among variables and estimate long-run and short-run parameters. The study also applies the Bai–Perron structural break test with unknown break date to determine the threshold point. The study further uses the vector error correction model (VECM) Granger causality test to check the direction of causality between variables. Findings The ARDL bounds estimation technique confirms the cointegration among variables. The long-run coefficients of energy consumption, economic growth and financial development are found to have an adverse impact on environmental quality. The results also validate the existence of conventional EKC hypothesis. Bai–Perron structural break test, along with t-test and scatter graph, shows that inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth holds true. The VECM-based causality results support “growth hypothesis” both in the long run and short run. Research limitations/implications This study refrained from considering a variety of variables, as the main intention of the study is to investigate whether any threshold or turnaround point exists for India. The future studies should consider a new set of variables (e.g. population, corruption index, social indicators, political scenario, energy research and development expenditures, foreign capital inflows, public investment towards alternate energy exploration, etc.) in the estimation of EKC hypothesis. Practical implications The results validate the existence of conventional EKC hypothesis. Thereby the study argues that instead of being a threat to environmental quality, economic growth is observed to generate a sustainable environment to live in. Further, bi-directional causality is found between carbon emissions and economic growth. Thus, any effort to mitigate CO2 or environment conservation policy will impede economic growth. Consequently, controlling primary energy consumption and supply and replacing it with renewable and clean energy could be desirable for climate change mitigation. Originality/value The data set has been refined so that the EKC estimation issues raised by Stern (2004) are addressed. In particular, statistical properties of the data set such as serial correlation, presence of a stochastic or deterministic trend, has been adequately taken care of to remove any spurious correlation. Finally, various control variables have been included to provide consideration to issues of model adequacy, such as the possibility of omitted variables bias. To the authors’ best knowledge, there is no India-specific study which has taken care of data-related issues, as suggested by Stern, in the estimation of a curvilinear relationship between environmental degradation and economic growth in India. Further, this is the first study which has used Bai–Perron structural break test with unknown break date to identify the threshold point while estimating EKC in India.
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Zhou, Zhengxin, Valery G. Romanovski, and Jiang Yu. "Centers and Limit Cycles of a Generalized Cubic Riccati System." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 30, no. 02 (February 2020): 2050021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127420500212.
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We obtain the conditions for the existence of a center for a cubic planar differential system, which can be considered as a polynomial subfamily of the generalized Riccati system. We also investigate bifurcations of small limit cycles from the components of the center variety of the system.
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Platonov, V. P., and G. V. Fedorov. "On S-units for linear valuations and the periodicity of continued fractions of generalized type in hyperelliptic fields." Доклады Академии наук 486, no. 3 (May 30, 2019): 280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-56524863280-286.
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This article proves the equivalence theorem for the following conditions: the periodicity of continued fractions of a generalized type for key elements hyperelliptic field L, the existence in the hyperelliptic field L of nontrivial S-units for sets S, consisting two valuations of degree one, and the existence of the torsion of a certain type in the Jacobian variety, associated with the hyperelliptic field L. This theorem allows in practice using continued fractions of a generalized type effectively search for fundamental S-units of hyperelliptic fields. We give an example of the hyperelliptic field of genus 3, showing all three equivalent conditions in the indicated theorem.
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De, Arkendra, Michael Ferguson, Suzanne Sindi, and Richard Durrett. "The equilibrium distribution for a generalized Sankoff-Ferretti model accurately predicts chromosome size distributions in a wide variety of species." Journal of Applied Probability 38, no. 02 (June 2001): 324–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200019884.
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Sankoff and Ferretti (1996) introduced several models of the evolution of chromosome size by reciprocal translocations, where for simplicity they ignored the existence of centromeres. However, when they compared the models to data on six organisms they found that their short chromosomes were too short, and their long chromosomes were too long. Here, we consider a generalization of their proportional model with explicit chromosome centromeres and introduce fitness functions based on recombination probabilities and on the length of the longest chromosome arm. We find a simple formula for the stationary distribution for our model which fits the data on chromosome lengths in many, but not all, species.
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De, Arkendra, Michael Ferguson, Suzanne Sindi, and Richard Durrett. "The equilibrium distribution for a generalized Sankoff-Ferretti model accurately predicts chromosome size distributions in a wide variety of species." Journal of Applied Probability 38, no. 2 (June 2001): 324–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/996986747.
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Sankoff and Ferretti (1996) introduced several models of the evolution of chromosome size by reciprocal translocations, where for simplicity they ignored the existence of centromeres. However, when they compared the models to data on six organisms they found that their short chromosomes were too short, and their long chromosomes were too long. Here, we consider a generalization of their proportional model with explicit chromosome centromeres and introduce fitness functions based on recombination probabilities and on the length of the longest chromosome arm. We find a simple formula for the stationary distribution for our model which fits the data on chromosome lengths in many, but not all, species.
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Rao, Ch Srinivasa, P. L. Sachdev, and Mythily Ramaswamy. "Analysis of the self-similar solutions of a generalized Burger's equation with nonlinear damping." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 7, no. 3 (2001): 253–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1024123x01001648.
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The nonlinear ordinary differential equation resulting from the self-similar reduction of a generalized Burgers equation with nonlinear damping is studied in some detail. Assuming initial conditions at the origin we observe a wide variety of solutions – (positive) single hump, unbounded or those with a finite zero. The existence and nonexistence of positive bounded solutions with different types of decay (exponential or algebraic) to zero at infinity for specific parameter ranges are proved.
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ALLAUZEN, CYRIL, and MEHRYAR MOHRI. "FINITELY SUBSEQUENTIAL TRANSDUCERS." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 14, no. 06 (December 2003): 983–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054103002126.
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Finitely subsequential transducers are efficient finite-state transducers with a finite number of final outputs and are used in a variety of applications. Not all transducers admit equivalent finitely subsequential transducers however. We briefly describe an existing generalized determinization algorithm for finitely subsequential transducers and give the first characterization of finitely subsequentiable transducers, transducers that admit equivalent finitely subsequential transducers. Our characterization shows the existence of an efficient algorithm for testing finite subsequentiability. We have fully implemented the generalized determinization algorithm and the algorithm for testing finite subsequentiability. We report experimental results showing that these algorithms are practical in large-vocabulary speech recognition applications. The theoretical formulation of our results is the equivalence of the following three properties for finite-state transducers: determinizability in the sense of the generalized algorithm, finite subsequentiability, and the twins property.
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Alipiiev, Ognyan. "Bidirectional modification of gears in the generalized theory of meshing." MATEC Web of Conferences 287 (2019): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928701006.
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An important part of “Generalized theory”, developed by the author of this article, is the “bidirectional modification” of involute gears. The main point of the proposed modification is that together with the traditional “radial modification” of the basic rack, an additional “tangential modification” of the side profiles of the rack-cutters is introduced. As a result, the area of possible existence of involute gear drives in the generalized theory is considerably extended. Based on the bidirectional modification, a new classification of involute gears at their meshing with a rack cutter is proposed. The classification is characterized by a significant variety, which is composed of thirteen different types of gears: a zero gear; two radially modified gears; two tangentially modified gears and eight two-way modified gears. Based on the bidirectional modification in radial and tangential directions, a new classification of the involute gear drives is proposed. The classification is composed of sixteen different types of gear drives: a zero gear drive, three equally-modified gear drives; two balanced gear drives; five positive gear drives and five negative gear drives.
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Ferrer Santos, Walter, and Alvaro Rittatore. "Linearly reductive and unipotent actions of affine groups." International Journal of Mathematics 26, no. 05 (May 2015): 1550031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x15500317.
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We present a generalized version of classical geometric invariant theory à la Mumford where we consider an affine algebraic group G acting on a specific affine algebraic variety X. We define the notions of linearly reductive and of unipotent action in terms of the G fixed point functor in the category of (G, 𝕜[X])-modules. In the case that X = {⋆} we recuperate the concept of linearly reductive and of unipotent group. We prove in our "relative" context some of the classical results of GIT such as: existence of quotients, finite generation of invariants, Kostant–Rosenlicht's theorem and Matsushima's criterion. We also present a partial description of the geometry of such linearly reductive actions.
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Sperling, Petra, Ute Hammer, Wolfgang Friedt, and Ernst Heinz. "High Oleic Sunflower: Studies on Composition and Desaturation of Acyl Groups in Different Lipids and Organs." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 45, no. 3-4 (April 1, 1990): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1990-3-405.
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Abstract A selection of lipids from achenes, cotyledons after germination, roots and leaves of normal and high oleic varieties of sunflower were analyzed with regard to their fatty acid profiles. The lipids included triacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine as ER-made components and mono-and digalactosyl diacylglycerol as plastid-localized glycolipids. A comparison of fatty acid pat terns showed that the block in oleate desaturation of the high oleic variety is confined to the ER of fat accumulating embryos, but that upon germination the oleate desaturation in the cotyledonary ER is rapidly derepressed. These data are supported by enzymatic experiments. In microsomes from maturing fruits of the high oleic variety oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine desaturase could not be detected, whereas o leoyl-CoA : lyso-phosphatidylcholine acyltransferase and components of the microsomal electron transport chains were not affected. A correlation in the expression of desaturation blocks in seed and root fatty acids as observed in mutants of other species was not observed which, therefore, cannot be generalized. Our data are discussed in terms of the existence of two ER-specific oleate desaturase activities.
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Fu, Lie, Robert Laterveer, and Charles Vial. "Multiplicative Chow–Künneth decompositions and varieties of cohomological K3 type." Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata (1923 -) 200, no. 5 (June 1, 2021): 2085–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10231-021-01070-0.
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AbstractGiven a smooth projective variety, a Chow–Künneth decomposition is called multiplicative if it is compatible with the intersection product. Following works of Beauville and Voisin, Shen and Vial conjectured that hyper-Kähler varieties admit a multiplicative Chow–Künneth decomposition. In this paper, based on the mysterious link between Fano varieties with cohomology of K3 type and hyper-Kähler varieties, we ask whether Fano varieties with cohomology of K3 type also admit a multiplicative Chow–Künneth decomposition, and provide evidence by establishing their existence for cubic fourfolds and Küchle fourfolds of type c7. The main input in the cubic hypersurface case is the Franchetta property for the square of the Fano variety of lines; this was established in our earlier work in the fourfold case and is generalized here to arbitrary dimension. On the other end of the spectrum, we also give evidence that varieties with ample canonical class and with cohomology of K3 type might admit a multiplicative Chow–Künneth decomposition, by establishing this for two families of Todorov surfaces.
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Garrett, Merrill, and Robert M. Harnish. "Experimental pragmatics." Pragmatics and Cognition 15, no. 1 (May 11, 2007): 65–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.15.1.07gar.
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Grice proposed to investigate ‘the total signification of the utterance’. One persistent criticism of Grice’s taxonomy of signification is that he missed an important category of information. This content, and/or the process of providing it, goes by a variety of labels: ‘generalized implicature’, ‘explicature’, ‘unarticulated constituents’, ‘default heuristics’, ‘impliciture’. In this study we first take a sample of such phenomena and, from the point of view of pure pragmatics, survey the central descriptions of the content expressed and the mechanisms that might deliver these contents. We then, from the point of view of experimental pragmatics, focus on two accounts: Levinson’s I-heuristic, and Bach’s standardization. We find experimental evidence for the existence of such implicitures, and for the use of language specific standardizations over language neutral background information.
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Bobrie, Angélique, and Clotilde Théry. "Exosomes and communication between tumours and the immune system: are all exosomes equal?" Biochemical Society Transactions 41, no. 1 (January 29, 2013): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20120245.
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Communication between cells is particularly important during tumour progression. Communication can take place through direct cell–cell interactions, but also through extracellular secretion of mediators acting at a distance. These mediators can be either soluble molecules or more complex structures called membrane vesicles, enclosing soluble factors within a lipid bilayer. A variety of extracellular membrane vesicles have been described, for instance microvesicles, ectosomes and a subtype called exosomes. The role of exosomes in tumour progression has been studied extensively in the last 10 years. In the present mini-review, we discuss our recent results, first showing the heterogeneity of the vesicles called exosomes and the probable existence of subpopulations of these exosomes, and secondly demonstrating that in vivo secretion of exosomes by some tumours can promote tumour progression, but that such a function cannot be generalized to all tumours and all exosomes.
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Ip, Chi F., William D. Hibler, and Gregory M. Flato. "On the effect of rheology on seasonal sea-ice simulations." Annals of Glaciology 15 (1991): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1991aog15-1-17-25.
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A generalized numerical model which allows for a variety of non-linear rheologies is developed for the seasonal simulation of sea-ice circulation and thickness. The model is used to investigate the effects (such as the role of shear stress and the existence of a flow rule) of different rheologies on the ice-drift pattern and build-up in the Arctic Basin. Differences in local drift seem to be closely related to the amount of allowable shear stress. Similarities are found between the elliptical and square cases and between the Mohr-Coulomb and cavitating fluid cases. Comparisons between observed and simulated buoy drift are made for several buoy tracks in the Arctic Basin. Correlation coefficients to the observed buoy drift range from 0.83 for the cavitating fluid to 0.86 for the square rheology. The average ratio of buoy-drift distance to average model-drift distance for several buoys is 1.15 (square), 1.18 (elliptical), 1.30 (Mohr-Coulomb) and 1.40 (cavitating fluid).
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Ip, Chi F., William D. Hibler, and Gregory M. Flato. "On the effect of rheology on seasonal sea-ice simulations." Annals of Glaciology 15 (1991): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500009496.
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A generalized numerical model which allows for a variety of non-linear rheologies is developed for the seasonal simulation of sea-ice circulation and thickness. The model is used to investigate the effects (such as the role of shear stress and the existence of a flow rule) of different rheologies on the ice-drift pattern and build-up in the Arctic Basin. Differences in local drift seem to be closely related to the amount of allowable shear stress. Similarities are found between the elliptical and square cases and between the Mohr-Coulomb and cavitating fluid cases. Comparisons between observed and simulated buoy drift are made for several buoy tracks in the Arctic Basin. Correlation coefficients to the observed buoy drift range from 0.83 for the cavitating fluid to 0.86 for the square rheology. The average ratio of buoy-drift distance to average model-drift distance for several buoys is 1.15 (square), 1.18 (elliptical), 1.30 (Mohr-Coulomb) and 1.40 (cavitating fluid).
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Salinas, J. L., A. Castellarin, A. Viglione, S. Kohnová, and T. R. Kjeldsen. "Regional parent flood frequency distributions in Europe – Part 1: Is the GEV model suitable as a pan-European parent?" Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 11 (November 5, 2014): 4381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4381-2014.
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Abstract. This study addresses the question of the existence of a parent flood frequency distribution on a European scale. A new database of L-moment ratios of flood annual maximum series (AMS) from 4105 catchments was compiled by joining 13 national data sets. Simple exploration of the database presents the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution as a potential pan-European flood frequency distribution, being the three-parameter statistical model that with the closest resemblance to the estimated average of the sample L-moment ratios. Additional Monte Carlo simulations show that the variability in terms of sample skewness and kurtosis present in the data is larger than in a hypothetical scenario where all the samples were drawn from a GEV model. Overall, the generalized extreme value distribution fails to represent the kurtosis dispersion, especially for the longer sample lengths and medium to high skewness values, and therefore may be rejected in a statistical hypothesis testing framework as a single pan-European parent distribution for annual flood maxima. The results presented in this paper suggest that one single statistical model may not be able to fit the entire variety of flood processes present at a European scale, and presents an opportunity to further investigate the catchment and climatic factors controlling European flood regimes and their effects on the underlying flood frequency distributions.
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Post, Mark W. "The phonology and grammar of Galo “words”." Studies in Language 33, no. 4 (October 22, 2009): 934–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.33.4.05pos.
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“Words” may be independently defined and identified in Galo (Tibeto-Burman > Western Tani) in terms of relatively consistent and functionally well-motivated sets of phonological and grammatical criteria. However, these criteria very often fail to converge upon identification of the same formal unit; instead, we frequently find phonological “words” which consist of two grammatical “words”, and grammatical “words” which consist of two phonological “words”, etc. The resulting “mismatch” between “phonological words” and “grammatical words” in Galo is argued to be theoretically non-trivial, in that its existence is capable of explaining a variety of otherwise seemingly disparate facts in the synchronic and diachronic organization of Galo grammar. The facts from Galo thus support a view of language in which “word” is independently defined in phonological and grammatical terms, and in which neither type of “word” necessarily corresponds to (or is projected by) the other. Although there might be said to exist a very generalized functional pressure towards “unification” of “phonological words” and “grammatical words”, such a pressure would not be expressible as a formal constraint on language grammar.
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Auinger, Karl. "Bifree objects in e-varieties of strict orthodox semigroups and the lattice of strict orthodox *-semigroup varieties." Glasgow Mathematical Journal 35, no. 1 (January 1993): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017089500009538.
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For regular semigroups, the appropriate analogue of the concept of a variety seems to be that of an e(xistence)-variety, developed by Hall [6,7,8]. A class V of regular semigroups is an e-variety if it is closed under taking direct products, regular subsemigroups and homomorphic images. For orthodox semigroups, this concept has been introduced under the term “bivariety” by Kaďourek and Szendrei [12]. Hall showed that the collection of all e-varieties of regular semigroups forms a complete lattice under inclusion. Further, he proved a Birkhoff-type theorem: each e-variety is determined by a set of identities. For e-varieties of orthodox semigroups a similar result has been proved by Kaďourek and Szendrei. At variance with the case of varieties, prima facie the free objects in general do not exist for e-varieties. For instance, there is no free regular or free orthodox semigroup. This seems to be true for most of the naturally appearing e-varieties (except for cases of e-varieties which coincide with varieties of unary semigroups such as the classes of all inverse and completely regular semigroups, respectively). This is true if the underlying concept of free objects is denned as usual. Kaďourek and Szendrei adopted the definition of a free object according to e-varieties of orthodox semigroups by taking into account generalized inverses in an appropriate way. They called such semigroups bifree objects. These semigroups satisfy the properties one intuitively expects from the “most general members” of a given class of semigroups. In particular, each semigroup in the given class is a homomorphic image of a bifree object, provided the bifree objects exist on sets of any cardinality. Concerning existence, Kaďourek and Szendrei were able to prove that in any class of orthodox semigroups which is closed under taking direct products and regular subsemigroups, all bifree objects exist and are unique up to isomorphism. Further, similar to the case of varieties, there is an order inverting bijection between the fully invariant congruences on the bifree orthodox semigroup on an infinite set and the e-varieties of orthodox semigroups. Recently, Y. T. Yeh [22] has shown that suitable analogues to free objects exist in an e-variety V of regular semigroups if and only if all members of V are either E-solid or locally inverse.
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Malini, Helma. "Shari’ah Compliances Stock Market Integration: Evidence From Indonesia and Malaysia." AFEBI Islamic Finance and Economic Review 2, no. 01 (August 10, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.47312/aifer.v2i01.59.
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<p>The nature of stock market integration has been an issue for almost a decade; this issue is more complicated toward Shari’ah compliance between countries since there are differences of companies screening process that can be classified as Shari’ah compliances. The differences make the integration of Shari’ah compliances stock market become a major issue in trying to answer the question whether one country can be the placed for Shari’ah portfolio diversification. This study aims to measure Shari’ah compliances integration and portfolio diversification in Indonesia and Malaysia Shari’ah compliances toward other Shari’ah compliances in the world. Six Shari’ah compliances are selected based on countries level of development and geographical factor. This studies relies on two major time series investigation techniques, namely the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach and multi-variate Vector Error Correction Mechanism (VECM), based on the Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM). The ARDL approach is used to determine the existence of long run integration among Shari’ah compliances, while the multi-variate VECM based on the GMM is adopted to provide a robust analysis of short and long-run dynamic causal linkages among the stock markets.</p><p><br />Keywords: Efficient Market Hypothesis, Portfolio Diversification, Shari’ah compliances Integration</p>
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Alberti, Tommaso, Reik V. Donner, and Stéphane Vannitsem. "Multiscale fractal dimension analysis of a reduced order model of coupled ocean–atmosphere dynamics." Earth System Dynamics 12, no. 3 (August 6, 2021): 837–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-837-2021.
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Abstract. Atmosphere and ocean dynamics display many complex features and are characterized by a wide variety of processes and couplings across different timescales. Here we demonstrate the application of multivariate empirical mode decomposition (MEMD) to investigate the multivariate and multiscale properties of a reduced order model of the ocean–atmosphere coupled dynamics. MEMD provides a decomposition of the original multivariate time series into a series of oscillating patterns with time-dependent amplitude and phase by exploiting the local features of the data and without any a priori assumptions on the decomposition basis. Moreover, each oscillating pattern, usually named multivariate intrinsic mode function (MIMF), represents a local source of information that can be used to explore the behavior of fractal features at different scales by defining a sort of multiscale and multivariate generalized fractal dimensions. With these two complementary approaches, we show that the ocean–atmosphere dynamics presents a rich variety of features, with different multifractal properties for the ocean and the atmosphere at different timescales. For weak ocean–atmosphere coupling, the resulting dimensions of the two model components are very different, while for strong coupling for which coupled modes develop, the scaling properties are more similar especially at longer timescales. The latter result reflects the presence of a coherent coupled dynamics. Finally, we also compare our model results with those obtained from reanalysis data demonstrating that the latter exhibit a similar qualitative behavior in terms of multiscale dimensions and the existence of a scale dependency of the statistics of the phase-space density of points for different regions, which is related to the different drivers and processes occurring at different timescales in the coupled atmosphere–ocean system. Our approach can therefore be used to diagnose the strength of coupling in real applications.
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Brunner-Popela, J., and O. Glatter. "Small-Angle Scattering of Interacting Particles. I. Basic Principles of a Global Evaluation Technique." Journal of Applied Crystallography 30, no. 4 (August 1, 1997): 431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889896015749.
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Indirect Fourier transformation is a well established method for the evaluation of small-angle scattering data. This technique, however, is restricted to dilute solutions, as for higher concentrations particle interactions can no longer be neglected. As the scattering intensity contains intra- and interparticle scattering contributions, the evaluation of scattering data is no longer just the solution of a linear weighted least-squares problem because the scattering intensity can, under certain conditions, be written as the product of the particle form factor and the so-called structure factor, which leads to a highly non-linear problem. In this paper a global evaluation technique including the structure factor is presented so that it is possible to determine the form factor and the structure factor simultaneously. This technique can be understood as a generalized version of the indirect Fourier transformation method. Like in the indirect Fourier transformation, there are no models or no analytical restrictions used for the form factor, and the structure factor is parameterized with up to four parameters for a given interaction model. A simultaneous determination of these two functions is possible due to the different analytical behavior of these functions, which also leads in most cases to the existence of a global minimum in the parameter surface. An algorithm to solve this nonlinear least-squares problem has been developed and applied to simulated data for a variety of different uncharged systems.
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Sobral, Kamila Marcelino Brito, Manoel Abilio de Queiroz, Izaias da Silva Lima Neto, Ronaldo Simão de Oliveira, and Semíramis Rabelo Ramalho Ramos. "IS THERE GENETIC VARIABILITY IN DWARF COCONUT ACCESSIONS PRESERVED IN BRAZIL?" Revista Caatinga 32, no. 1 (March 2019): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252019v32n106rc.
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ABSTRACT Dwarf coconut tree is the main variety for commercial use in Brazil, which ranks fourth in world coconut production. However, the genotypes used still have limitations and genetic variability is required. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic variability in dwarf coconut accessions preserved at the Germplasm Bank of Brazil at different harvesting times and using agronomic descriptors of plant and fruits. The accessions Brazilian Green Dwarf-Jiqui, Cameroon Red Dwarf, Malayan Red Dwarf, Brazilian Red Dwarf-Gramame, Brazilian Yellow Dwarf-Gramame, and Malayan Yellow Dwarf were assessed by means of 30 descriptors Variance analysis was performed and the genetic diversity was quantified by using the Mahalanobis’ generalized distance and expressed by means of UPGMA clusters, Tocher optimization, and canonical variables. The maximum likelihood analysis was used to estimate the components of variance with the data of each plant in a sample of 11 descriptors of great importance for the genetic improvement of the coconut tree. A phenotypic divergence was found among the accessions using the UPGMA clusters, Tocher optimization and graphic dispersion obtained with canonical variables. The use of the maximum likelihood analysis confirms the existence of genetic variability in the accessions for the descriptors fruit polar and equatorial diameter, nut polar diameter, total fruit weight, and epicarp thickness, which presented a heritability varying from 0.17 to 0.39. There is a possibility of genetic gains with the selection of these traits for use of accessions in breeding programs.
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Knutsen, Andreas Leopold, Margherita Lelli-Chiesa, and Giovanni Mongardi. "Severi varieties and Brill–Noether theory of curves on abelian surfaces." Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Crelles Journal) 2019, no. 749 (April 1, 2019): 161–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/crelle-2016-0029.
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Abstract Severi varieties and Brill–Noether theory of curves on K3 surfaces are well understood. Yet, quite little is known for curves on abelian surfaces. Given a general abelian surface S with polarization L of type {(1,n)} , we prove nonemptiness and regularity of the Severi variety parametrizing δ-nodal curves in the linear system {|L|} for {0\leq\delta\leq n-1=p-2} (here p is the arithmetic genus of any curve in {|L|} ). We also show that a general genus g curve having as nodal model a hyperplane section of some {(1,n)} -polarized abelian surface admits only finitely many such models up to translation; moreover, any such model lies on finitely many {(1,n)} -polarized abelian surfaces. Under certain assumptions, a conjecture of Dedieu and Sernesi is proved concerning the possibility of deforming a genus g curve in S equigenerically to a nodal curve. The rest of the paper deals with the Brill–Noether theory of curves in {|L|} . It turns out that a general curve in {|L|} is Brill–Noether general. However, as soon as the Brill–Noether number is negative and some other inequalities are satisfied, the locus {|L|^{r}_{d}} of smooth curves in {|L|} possessing a {g^{r}_{d}} is nonempty and has a component of the expected dimension. As an application, we obtain the existence of a component of the Brill–Noether locus {{\mathcal{M}}^{r}_{p,d}} having the expected codimension in the moduli space of curves {{\mathcal{M}}_{p}} . For {r=1} , the results are generalized to nodal curves.
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JONES, PETER R. "THE SEMIGROUPS B2 AND B0 ARE INHERENTLY NONFINITELY BASED, AS RESTRICTION SEMIGROUPS." International Journal of Algebra and Computation 23, no. 06 (September 2013): 1289–335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196713500264.
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The five-element Brandt semigroup B2 and its four-element subsemigroup B0, obtained by omitting one nonidempotent, have played key roles in the study of varieties of semigroups. Regarded in that fashion, they have long been known to be finitely based. The semigroup B2 carries the natural structure of an inverse semigroup. Regarded as such, in the signature {⋅, -1}, it is also finitely based. It is perhaps surprising, then, that in the intermediate signature of restriction semigroups — essentially, "forgetting" the inverse operation x ↦ x-1 and retaining the induced operations x ↦ x+ = xx-1 and x ↦ x* = x-1x — it is not only nonfinitely based but inherently so (every locally finite variety that contains it is also nonfinitely based). The essence of the nonfinite behavior is actually exhibited in B0, which carries the natural structure of a restriction semigroup, inherited from B2. It is again inherently nonfinitely based, regarded in that fashion. It follows that any finite restriction semigroup on which the two unary operations do not coincide is nonfinitely based. Therefore for finite restriction semigroups, the existence of a finite basis is decidable "modulo monoids". These results are consequences of — and discovered as a result of — an analysis of varieties of "strict" restriction semigroups, namely those generated by Brandt semigroups and, more generally, of varieties of "completely r-semisimple" restriction semigroups: those semigroups in which no comparable projections are related under the generalized Green relation 𝔻. For example, explicit bases of identities are found for the varieties generated by B0 and B2.
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HIDALGO-TRIANA, NOELIA, and ANDRÉS V. PÉREZ-LATORRE. "A study of functional traits reveals serpentinomorphoses and new taxa in populations of Mediterranean Genista (Fabaceae)." Phytotaxa 394, no. 4 (March 4, 2019): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.394.4.2.
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In this work we try to determine whether the modifications in the functional traits of a plant species, both morphological and phenological, and caused by the adaptive serpentinomorphoses syndrome are enough to differentiate a new taxon. For this purpose, Genista hirsuta subsp. lanuginosa, a western Mediterranean serpentinophyte (subserpentinophyte) with populations both on serpentines and outside them was selected. The study of functional types (functional traits, which link morphology with adaptations, and phenological reproductive and vegetative phases) was performed in both populations. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two types of populations (serpentine and non-serpentine) with respect to some of the quantitative functional characters studied (plant height, crown diameter, Specific leaf area (SLA), and length of photosynthetic stems). Moreover, other differences were detected with respect to semi-quantitative and qualitative traits: location of renewal buds, branch type, morphology of aerial part, bark consistency, leaf tomentosity, morphology of the root system, and organ redness. Some of them are consistent with serpentinomorphoses syndrome, such as the existence of dwarfism (height of plants), cushion habit, macro-rooted plants and lower SLA (stenophylly) in serpentine populations, besides the presence of redness, which could be a character also linked to serpentinomorphoses. However, neither glaucescent organs nor glabrescence were observed (on the contrary, there is a greater general tomentosity in the plants of the serpentine population). In addition, phenological differences were detected, consisting of a generalized shortening of the phenophases and a certain delay in the reproductive phenophases in the serpentine populations, a characteristic trait in serpentine flora, and differences in sequencing phenophases. These facts lead to propose the use of phenology, in combination with functional traits, to detect serpentinomorphoses syndrome. The detected differences are enough to separate taxonomically the two populations of Genista hirsuta subsp. lanuginosa, proposing for the non-serpentine populations a new variety: var. silicicola nov.
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Karpenko, Olena, and Tetiana Stoianova. "DIRECTIONS OF ASSOCIATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF PERSONAL NAMES." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 18, no. 28 (July 2019): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-28-11.
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The article is devoted to the study of personal names from a cognitive point of view. The study is based on the cognitive concept that speech actually exists not in the speech, not in linguistic writings and dictionaries, but in consciousness, in the mental lexicon, in the language of the brain. The conditions for identifying personal names can encompass not only the context, encyclopedias, and reference books, but also the sound form of the word. In the communicative process, during a free associative experiment, which included a name and a recipient’s mental lexicon. The recipient was assigned a task to quickly give some association to the name. The aggregate of a certain number of reactions of different recipients forms the associative field of a proper name. The associative experiment creates the best conditions for identifying the lexeme. The definition of a monosemantic personal name primarily includes the search of what it denotes, while during the process of identifying a polysemantic personal name recipients tend have different reactions. Scientific value is posed by the effect of the choice of letters for the name, sound symbolism, etc. The following belong to the generalized forms of identification: usage of a hyperonym; synonyms and periphrases or simple descriptions; associations denoting the whole (name stimulus) by reference to its part (associatives); cognitive structures such as “stimulus — association” and “whole (stimulus) — part (associative)”; lack of adjacency; mysterious associations. The topicality of the study is determined by its perspective to identify the directions of associative identification of proper names, which is one of the branches of cognitive onomastics. The purpose of the study is to identify, review, and highlight the directions of associative identification of proper names; the object of the research is the names in their entirety and variety; its subject is the existence of names in the mental lexicon, which determines the need for singling out the directions for the associative identification of the personal names.
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Ulbrich, Carlton W., and David Atlas. "Radar Measurement of Rainfall with and without Polarimetry." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 47, no. 7 (July 1, 2008): 1929–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jamc1804.1.
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Abstract Raindrop size distributions (DSDs) for tropical convective storms are used to examine the relationships between the parameters of a gamma DSD, with special emphasis on their variation with the stage of the storm. Such a distinction has rarely been made before. Several storms from a variety of tropical locations are divided into storm stages according to the temporal dependence of their reflectivity factor Z, rainfall rate R, and median volume diameter D0. In most cases it is found that the DSD parameter D0 is approximately constant in time during the convective, or C, stage, which leads to a Z–R relation of the form Z = AR, that is, a linear relationship between Z and R. This finding implies the existence of equilibrium DSDs during the C stage. The convective stage is sometimes marked by pulsations in draft strength so that D0, R, and Z and associated values of the shape parameter μ decrease in a quasi-transition stage before increasing once more. Theoretical relations between the differential reflectivity ZDR and the ratio Z/R as functions of the DSD parameter μ are derived by assuming a gamma DSD and an accurate raindrop fall speed law. It is found that data derived from disdrometer observations lie along a μ = 5 isopleth for tropical continental C stages (Puerto Rico and Brazil) and along a μ = 12 isopleth for tropical maritime C stages [Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE)]. Small values of μ that occur in the weak updraft intervals do not impact the rainfall measurements because they correspond to relatively small R. The latter features imply that the measurement of rainfall for the convective stages can be performed with standard polarimetry involving only two measurables rather than three, provided knowledge of μ is available a priori. A new rain parameter diagram is presented in which isopleths of the generalized number concentration and D0 are superimposed on the Z–R plot. It is proposed that it is possible to estimate D0 from climatological and observable storm structural features, which, with Z, provide estimates of R. Such an approach is necessary for use with conventional radars until polarimetric radars are more widely available.
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I. Yu., Dubynskyi. "STATE FUNCTIONS AS THE MOST IMPORTANT DIRECTIONS FOR THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT." Actual problems of native jurisprudence, no. 4 (August 30, 2019): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/391904.
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The functions of the state in historical development are investigated. It is proved that the main functions fall into the changes that take place in the state; the derivative functions fall under the more powerful influence of the established ethnocultural strata of societ’ys life, national, territorial peculiarities, traditions, etc, and therefore the state of the modern type, which appears in the results of the development of a specific state-organized society, can, in explicit or hidden forms, be preserved andsometimes to develop some traditional functions of the state. In the context of the theory of state and law, the functions of the state are analyzed and shown that they are not a stable and unalterable phenomenon, fundamental and frozen in its development, and depending on the specific historical conditions, the elements of these general functions may acquire independent significance and signs of independence. The state-legal phenomena and processes in conceptual positions of the theory of state and law with the use of methods of classification of state functions for their further ordering and comparison are investigated. It is shown that their classification is important for understanding the functions of the state, which allows not only to reveal common features but also to formulate a scientifically grounded opinion about the variety of functions of the state. It is proved that due to the classification of state functions, it is possible to work out practical recommendations regarding the main directions of state activity not generalized and declaratively, but differentiated with respect to each separate function. It is highlighted that the classification criteria of state functions allow enumeration of different functions of the state to a particular class and group. The most common groups of state functions are classified: 1) their division into external functions and internal functions; 2) according to the criterion of importance for the state, the main and derivative (additional, or non-principal) functions of the state are distinguished; 3) in the time duration of the existence of the functions of the state distinguish between mandatory (permanent, continuous) and temporary (non-permanent, transitory); 4) depending on the social interests of which the functions of the state are performed, they are divided into general social groups and groups (for the protection of the interests of a certain stratum of society); 5) sectoral division of functions of the state, that is, the division of the social sphere (economic, social, law enforcement, environmental, etc.).
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Denkel, Arda. "Matter, Form and Object: Rejoinder to Sidelle." Dialogue 34, no. 2 (1995): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300014785.
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Aristotelian notions such as matter, form and substance (or object) should be used carefully; not only is the rich tradition in their background marked by variety of interpretation, even Aristotle's own use of these concepts is far from uniform. In his different works, matter, form and (primary) substance display contents that do not always agree. There is reason for believing that in the Metaphysics Zeta the notion of form embodies (or amounts to) essence, and that accordingly something without essence does not qualify as substance. This cannot be generalized or regarded as Aristotle's standard view, however, for in the Physics there are contexts in which the form is not conceived as (or does not embody) essence. There, “the form or shape” is the arrangement of the substance's parts, or the object's shape, in addition to either all or some of its qualities (i.e., the sensible shape). Outside the Metaphysics, substance, too, seems to be a less distinguished entity. In the Physics, and especially in the Categories, substance is anything capable of independent existence, any particular concrete thing that is a bearer of attributes. To the extent that our modern “object” corresponds to Aristotle's primary substance, it has a similar polysemy. While in some contexts it will mean an articulated object belonging to a specific kind, in others it will denote bodies without organized structure, that is, it will have as extension the particular bits and pieces that fill the world. A similar diversity applies to matter. When understood, for example, as a chunk out of which an artist casts her statue, matter is an object (a substratum), a body, itself endowed with a boundary (a form) and a multitude of properties. But matter can be much simpler than that; it can be a plain homoeomere, a mere element, or as in prime matter, may lack every actual attribute. When in my “Matter and Objecthood” I criticized Henry Laycock's views propounded in “Some Questions of Ontology” I found comparable ambiguities transposed to contemporary discourse. In the paper just cited, Laycock examines the ontic status of matter, contrasting it with objects as particular concrete things; throughout his discussion no radical distinction is made between articulated objects and unorganized bodies. In my criticism I employed ‘object’ in the same inclusive sense.
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Harouna, Difo Voukang, Pavithravani B. Venkataramana, Athanasia O. Matemu, and Patrick Alois Ndakidemi. "Agro-Morphological Exploration of Some Unexplored Wild Vigna Legumes for Domestication." Agronomy 10, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010111.
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The domestication of novel or hitherto wild food crops is quickly becoming one of the most popular approaches in tackling the challenges associated with sustainable food crop production, especially in this era, where producing more food with fewer resources is the need of the hour. The crop breeding community is not yet completely unanimous regarding the importance of crop neo-domestication. However, exploring the unexplored, refining unrefined traits, cultivating the uncultivated, and popularizing the unpopular remain the most adequate steps proposed by most researchers to achieve the domestication of the undomesticated for food and nutrition security. Therefore, in the same line of thought, this paper explores the agro-morphological characteristics of some wild Vigna legumes from an inquisitive perspective to contribute to their domestication. One hundred and sixty accessions of wild Vigna legumes, obtained from gene banks, were planted, following the augmented block design layout of two agro-ecological zones of Tanzania, during the 2018 and 2019 main cropping seasons for agro-morphological investigations. The generalized linear model procedure (GLM PROC), two-way analysis of variance (two-way ANOVA), agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to analyze the accession, block and block vs. accession effects, as well as the accession × site and accession × season interaction grouping variations among accessions. The results showed that the wild species (Vigna racemosa; Vigna ambacensis; Vigna reticulata; and Vigna vexillata) present a considerable variety of qualitative traits that singularly exist in the three studied checks (cowpea, rice bean, and a landrace of Vigna vexillata). Of the 15 examined quantitative traits, only the days to flowering, pods per plant, hundred seed weight and yield were affected by the growing environment (accession × site effect), while only the number of flowers per raceme and the pods per plant were affected by the cropping season (accession × season effect). All the quantitative traits showed significant differences among accessions for each site and each season. The same result was observed among the checks, except for the seed size trait. The study finally revealed three groups, in a cluster analysis and 59.61% of the best variations among the traits and accessions in PCA. Indications as to the candidate accessions favorable for domestication were also revealed. Such key preliminary information could be of the utmost importance for the domestication, breeding, and improvement of these species, since it also determines their future existence—that is, so long as biodiversity conservation continues to be a challenging concern for humanity.
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Baritaki, Stavroula, Aaron Chapman, Katherine Wu, Kam Yeung, Demetrios Spandidos, James R. Berenson, Michael A. Palladino, and Benjamin Bonavida. "The Novel Proteasome Inhibitor NPI-0052 Induces the Expression of Raf-1 Kinase Inhibitor Protein RKIP) in B-NHL via Inhibition of the Transcription Repressor Snail: Roles of Snail and RKIP in Sensitization to TRAIL Apoptosis." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 2611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.2611.2611.
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Abstract A subset of patients with B cell malignancies does not respond to conventional current cytotoxic therapies. Novel immunotherapeutic approaches have been considered such as TRAIL and agonist DR4/DR5 mAbs that are currently in phase I/II clinical trials in patients with a variety of tumor types. However, most tumors are not sensitive to TRAIL/agonist antibodies due to the development of a generalized resistance to apoptotic stimuli. Therefore, for these therapies to be effective it is a requisite that resistance is modified by the use of sensitizing agents that target cell survival anti-apoptotic pathways or, more selectively, specific gene products in the apoptotic pathways. Proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib and the novel inhibitor NPI-0052 have shown both direct cytotoxicity and also sensitizing ability when used in combination with biologics and cytotoxic drugs. We have recently reported that treatment of TRAIL-resistance B-NHL cell lines with NPI-0052 (not toxic by itself) in combination with TRAIL resulted in significant potentiation of apoptosis and synergy was achieved. Sensitization was due, in part, to inhibition of NF-kB activity and induction of Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) [Baritaki et al., J Immunol 80:6199, 2008]. The role of RKIP in TRAIL apoptosis by NPI-0052 in Ramos cells was examined as well as the mechanism of NPI-0052-induced expression of RKIP. Like NPI-0052, overexpression of RKIP in Ramos cells sensitized the cells to TRAIL apoptosis and, in contrast, treatment with siRNA RKIP reversed this sensitizing effect. A recent report by our collaborators [Beach et al., Oncogene 27:2243,2008] demonstrated that RKIP transcription is negatively regulated, in part, by the metastasis-inducer transcription factor Snail. Thus, we hypothesized that NPI-0052-induced upregulation of RKIP may be due to inhibition of Snail. Indeed, treatment of Ramos cells with NPI-0052 significantly downregulated Snail expression concomitantly with upregulation of RKIP. Treatment of Ramos cells with siRNA Snail resulted in upregulation of RKIP and sensitization to TRAIL apoptosis. In contrast, ectopic expression of Snail repressed RKIP expression. Further, ectopic expression of RKIP inhibited Snail expression while siRNA RKIP upregulated Snail. These findings revealed the existence of a regulatory RKIP-NF-kB-Snail-RKIP loop. NPI-0052-induced inhibition of Snail also resulted in inhibition of Snail-induced gene products involved in metastasis. These findings demonstrate that NPI-0052 regulates B-NHL sensitivity to TRAIL apoptosis via the inhibition of Snail and induction of RKIP. These findings support the potential therapeutic application of the combination of NPI-0052 and TRAIL in the treatment of patients with resistant B-NHL and other malignancies.
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Manning, Tony, and Bob Robertson. "Explorations into sex, gender and leadership in the UK Civil Service Part 2. Hypotheses and research findings." Industrial and Commercial Training 47, no. 6 (September 7, 2015): 310–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ict-01-2015-0008.
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Purpose – This is the second part of a three-part paper exploring the intersection between sex, gender and leadership in the UK Civil Service. The first part of this paper outlined the training and development activities carried out by the authors, provided a literature review and drew conclusions, in the form of conjectures. The purpose of this paper is to present a series of null hypotheses derived from the conjectures. It then outlines the research methodology and research findings. The final part of this paper discusses the implications of the research findings, presents an evidence-based leadership framework and offers prescriptions for its use. Design/methodology/approach – Information was collected from a wide cross-section of UK Civil Servants between 1993 and 2013. Individuals were participants on training and development activities carried out by the authors. The information collected was a by-product of these activities. Individuals completed a variety of psychometric instruments, including self-assessments and 360-degree assessments, and provided information on their sex, work role and work situation. Statistical analysis was carried out on differences in the behaviour of male and female managers, differences in how such behaviours were assessed, using 360-degree assessments, and differences in behaviour and assessments of behaviour in different contexts. Findings – Research evidence presented points to the existence of contrasting gender stereotypes and sex differences in behaviour. It also shows that such differences are small and that there are far greater differences amongst men and women managers than between the average man and women manager. Differences in behaviour and assessments of behaviour were also more strongly linked to context than either sex or gender. Research limitations/implications – The research was a by-product of training activities. It was not a wide ranging, purpose-built research programme to explain the “glass ceiling”. It was carried out on a particular population and may not generalise to other contexts. Nonetheless, findings are broadly consistent with previous research. Practical implications – The third part of this paper discusses the implications of these findings, particularly for training and development professionals. It also presents and discusses additional research findings on leadership in the UK Civil Service. Social implications – The findings are relevant to the understanding of sex and gender differences in the work place. They relate to wider considerations of equality of opportunity and diversity. Originality/value – There is an extensive body of theory and research on sex, gender and leadership, although little is directly relevant to the UK Civil Service. This is new research, relevant to this context, that brings together these three themes.
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Rodzinskyi, N. I., D. S. Savchenko, and M. H. Khaustova. "Public opinion as an institute of direct democracy." Legal horizons, no. 21 (2020): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2020.i21.p15.
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The article is devoted to the problematic form and pressure of the public opinion. Basic attention is the theoretical aspects of understanding of public opinion as the legal and social phenomenon, as exactly due to a presence or absence of foregoing institute of civil society it is possible to talk about the state and level of democratization of society, taking into account active introduction of processes that provide access and participation of citizens in life of the state. A self concept «public opinion» though has the generalized interpretation and interpretation in a modern kind, however during all way of forming tested quite a bit transformations and modifications. The presence of different conceptions to understanding of the phenomenon of public opinion is first of all explained variety of looks to influence of actors on the origin of public opinion. Scientists in the doctrine of sociology and legal sciences examine public opinion as phenomenon of mass consciousness that has elemental character, a social institute, a social regulator, that brings in the effective contribution to the decisions of question, that touch activity of the state. For today three basic going was formed near understanding of public opinion as social and legal phenomenon – morally-normative that was based on public publicity and openness, approach, that was based not on subject composition, but on thematic, denying here influence of mass character on the process of forming of public opinion and approach demoscopy is fixed in basis of that – research the key aspect of that is realization of analysis of public opinion on the basis of quantitative data. The classic going near understanding of public opinion from the point of view of her nature is conception of V. Lipman, in basis of that influence of environment of existence of individual is fixed on the process of forming of public opinion. In this theory attention is accented on that a human is clearly limited to in informative space the capacity for perception of information, and that is why can not grasp her fully, however this factor plays role of positive factor of forming of public opinion, as it gives an opportunity more deep knowledge in certain industry, creating more organized public opinion that does not limit opinion of every individual here. As well as on any institute of direct democracy on public opinion certain functions – expressive, consultative, directive functions. Due to realization of foregoing functions public opinion there is cooperating of public with organs by the state of power, that it is counted on formation of original symbiosis, the aim of that is creation of positive terms for life of citizens, increase of level of democratization in society, to improve quality and efficiency of realization of the functions fixed on them power within the framework of legislation.
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Yavas, Burhan F., and Fahimeh Rezayat. "Country ETF returns and volatility spillovers in emerging stock markets, Europe and USA." International Journal of Emerging Markets 11, no. 3 (July 18, 2016): 419–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-10-2014-0150.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the linkages among equity exchange traded funds (ETF) returns and transmission of volatilities of the USA, Europe and key emerging countries’ stock markets. Standard & Poor’s 500 (spy) and iShares Europe are used to represent the USA and European stock markets, the emerging market part of the data set consists of daily returns of equity ETF representing broad equity market indices of the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China); the mist countries (Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea and Turkey) and South Africa and covers the period of February 3, 2012-February 28, 2014. Design/methodology/approach – The paper utilizes multi-variate auto-regressive moving-averages (MARMA) methodology to study equity market returns and spillovers. Second, generalized auto-regressive conditional heteroskadasticity (GARCH) modeling is employed to model volatility persistence and transmissions. Findings – The findings include the existence of significant co-movement of returns among all country ETFs; however, despite increasing interdependencies among the global stock markets there are still very good opportunities for diversification. For example, USA and Europe based investors may do well to ignore opportunities in each other’s markets but can realize diversification benefits by investing in ETFs representing China, South Africa and Turkey. As far as volatilities are concerned, the findings indicate that no ETF volatility is transmitted from the sample countries to USA, Brazil, China and South African stock markets. Also, US market volatility is transmitted to India, Russia, Mexico and Turkey while European volatility spills over to Mexico and South Korea. The presence of spillovers among stock markets’ return series and persistence of volatilities are useful to investors interested in diversifying their portfolios and to traders/fund managers who are interested in maximizing returns. Research limitations/implications – The implications include: first, investors should not only rely on current domestic news to guide their investment decisions, but also take into consideration international news for there are substantial spillovers. Second, given that volatilities can proxy for risk, there are lessons for both individual and institutional investors in terms of further examining pricing securities, hedging and other trading strategies as well as framing regulatory policies. Third, investors should be able to ride the financial cycle by following closely monetary policies of the FED and European Central Bank and resulting credit expansion or contraction since research indicates (and as corroborated in this study) equity prices are linked to VIX which is also correlated with capital flows and credit expansion and interest rates. Limitations include: first, the investigation could be expanded to include individual countries in Europe instead of using one Europe-wide ETF. As ETFs for other emerging markets become available it is also possible to include additional countries. Second, ETFs may not be the best vehicles for diversification. Originality/value – Methodology (MARMA and GARCH) is widely used for analyzing financial data. The use of BRIC and MIST countries and the interaction among them may be novel. Spillovers among emerging financial markets is a fairly new area. Typically, the authors see studies of spillovers from the developed countries to the developing ones. The data period is important since it covers both credit expansion and contraction (or the start of it) by the FED and is current.
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Stanishevska, Olena. "The Interaction of Poetic Text and Music in Opus 49 by J. Brahms." Aspects of Historical Musicology 16, no. 16 (September 15, 2019): 158–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-16.09.
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Introduction. In scientific literature dedicated to J. Brahms, much attention has been paid to a song genre. The researches note that J. Brahms’s songs can be regarded as a continuation of genre-specific features of Austro-German Lied, which retains the purity of the generic semantics in the composer’s works, without involving typically operatic means of vocal intoning, or approaching the so-called “poem with music”. J. Brahms’s songs do not allow the singer to demonstrate the full range of his/her voice, to reveal his/her artistic temperament, to show the technical skill. Absorption in a special emotional aura of J. Brahms’s songs requires a variety of timbre-intonational resources of a singer, his/her ability not to lose the sense of the whole while detailing the melodious overture. Of particular interest is the issue of music and words correlation in J. Brahms’s songs. As a rule, the composer is considered to be the immediate successor of F. Schubert rather than R. Schuman in his orientation to musical embodiment of a generalized poetic image. At the same time, this issue requires more detailed study, since the composer was very sensitive to the poetic text, in particular, from the point of view of coordinating the intonation-phonetic features of German language and vocal intonation. Theoretical Background. Recent research and publications analysis. Opus 49 by J. Brahms seems to be in the shadow of musicological thought and performing practice. It should be noted that a very famous opus part is “Lullaby”, which is mentioned in the monographs of K. Tsareva (1986), M. Druskin (1959), and K. Geiringer (1965). In the literature being considered the abovementioned opus is not completely covered, thus determining the relevance of our article. There are references to individual songs in different sources, but incidentally, in the context of different issues. Objective is to study J. Brahms’s opus 49 in the aspect of the interaction of poetic word and music, verbal and musical intoning. Methods: 1) historical method, allowing to comprehend the selected material in the perspective of the development of Austro-German song of the XIX century; 2) intonational method, which involves the study of vocal melody in terms of phonetic-tonic links; 3) genre method, caused by the features of chamber vocal lyrics; 4) stylistic method, corresponding to a specific opus consideration in the general context of the composer’s creative work. Results and Discussion. The composer did not have any tendency to the songs cyclization, however, the vocal miniatures, assembled in one opus, appear to be lyrical notes, self-contained but united by poetic motives and nature of the author’s expression. Many researchers see a cyclic organization of his particular vocal opuses. For example, I. Mykhailov (1987: 19) proves the existence of cyclic principles at different compositional levels in composer’s songs: separate “melodious pairs”, a number of songs with the texts by one poet inside the opus, a whole vocal opus with the texts by different authors. According to I. Mikhailov, the cyclic connection of songs is emphasized by several compositional techniques: thematic one, i.e. the unity of the musical material; the continuity of songs alternation, which is sometimes manifested in the absence of a piano introduction of the next song. In opus 49, the author chooses different poetic sources – poems by P. Heyse, L. Hölty, A. F. Schack, and J. Wenzig. The composer refers to one of the samples of the famous collection by Joachim von Arnim and Clemens Brentano “The Magic Horn of a Boy”. Given the anthological principle of poetic texts selection, no transparent storyline in opus 49, such as “A Beautiful Miller” by F. Schubert or “Poet’s Love” by R. Schumann, there is no reason to regard it as a cycle. However, the opus’ songs are arranged in a certain semantic sequence. Owing to the fact that three songs (“Sunday Morning”, “To a Violet”, “Longing for the Sweetheart”) are united by homogeneous poetic motifs, one can regard them as forming a microcycle within the whole. The second micro-cycle of the opus is represented by No. 4 and No. 5 (“Lullaby” and “Twilight”). In interpreting the poetic text, J. Brahms adheres to the principle of emotional and musical generality, once detailing the text, if at all. Here, he succeeds F. Schubert. However, he uses the technique of keywords, distinguishing them in two ways: rhythmically (with syncope) and through intrinsic chants; the composer also uses different types of intoning. Following the tradition of the 19th-century Austro-German song, the composer regards the genre as an alliance of two full members: the vocalist and the pianist, with the part being an instrumental generalization. The intonational image of the whole in vocal music arises at the crossing of two texts – poetic and musical. German has intonation difficulties owing to a large number of consonants. Problems, encountered by the singers in intoning German language, are compensated by the consonants and vowels, which are most favorable for correct sound formation, allowing to achieve the required quality. The soft consonants and vowels should be regarded as the ideal vocal sound, that is, a model for other phonemes in musical-poetic text. While creating vocal melodies of Opus 49 songs, J. Brahms cares the phonetics of a German text in the singing to be comfortable for the performer. Conclusions. J. Brahms uses such principles and techniques of literary original musical embodiment as preservation of the holistic image, created by the author of the poems, on the one hand, and its detailing on the other. In the second case, the composer resorts to all means of musical expression: motive-thematic, texture-register, rhythmic, harmonious, texture ones. The prospects of the research lie in studying the interaction of verbal and musical intonation in other vocal works of J. Brahms, as well as in chamber-vocal music of late romantics.
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Lin, Hao, and Ling Lu. "Dirac-vortex topological photonic crystal fibre." Light: Science & Applications 9, no. 1 (December 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41377-020-00432-2.
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AbstractThe success of photonic crystal fibres relies largely on the endless variety of two-dimensional photonic crystals in the cross-section. Here, we propose a topological bandgap fibre whose bandgaps along in-plane directions are opened by generalised Kekulé modulation of a Dirac lattice with a vortex phase. Then, the existence of mid-gap defect modes is guaranteed to guide light at the core of this Dirac-vortex fibre, where the number of guiding modes equals the winding number of the spatial vortex. The single-vortex design provides a single-polarisation single-mode for a bandwidth as large as one octave.
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Broady, Timothy R. "The carer persona: Masking individual identities." Persona Studies 1, no. 1 (April 8, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/ps2015vol1no1art392.
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According to Jungian theory, ‘persona’ is a concept reflecting a compromise between the individual and society. In mediating between a person’s subjective inner world and the external social world, the persona represents a generalised idea of the self which builds up from experiences of interacting with society. Such reflections of self-identity can therefore develop across multiple domains of a person’s life, culminating in understandings of self in a variety of specific roles. The existence of multiple personas can be clearly demonstrated in the context of people providing unpaid care for a family member or friend who has a disability, mental illness, chronic condition, or who is frail. Carers are likely to possess multiple roles as an individual, existing across various social and personal domains. This paper argues that in caring for loved one, a compromise takes place between individual selves and the social caring role. That is, the ‘carer persona’ can mask a carer’s individual identities and their associated needs. The potential complexity of caring roles is therefore explored, with an emphasis on acknowledging the personal needs and identities of carers beyond their caring roles. This acknowledgment has implications for service delivery and policy development regarding carers and those for whom they care.
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Santamaría-Holek, Iván, Augustin Pérez-Madrid, and J. Miguel Rubí. "Local Quasi-equilibrium Description of Multiscale Systems." Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics 41, no. 2 (January 1, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2015-0072.
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AbstractSystems whose dynamics result from the existence of a wide variety of time and length scales frequently exhibit slow relaxation behavior, manifested through the aging compartment of the correlations and the nonexponential decay of the response function. Experiments performed in systems such as amorphous polymers and supercooled liquids and glasses seem to indicate that these systems undergo, in general, non-Markovian and nonstationary dynamics. Hence, in this contribution, we present a dynamical description of slow relaxation systems based on a generalization of Onsager’s theory to nonequilibrium aging states. By assuming the existence of a local quasi-equilibrium state characterized by a nonstationary probability distribution the entropy of the system is expressed in terms of the conditional probability density by means of the Gibbs entropy postulate. Thus, by taking into account probability conservation and the rules of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, the generalized Fokker–Planck equation is derived.
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Greb, Daniel, Stefan Kebekus, and Thomas Peternell. "Reflexive differential forms on singular spaces. Geometry and cohomology." Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Crelles Journal) 2014, no. 697 (January 1, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/crelle-2012-0097.
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AbstractBased on a recent extension theorem for reflexive differential forms, that is, regular differential forms defined on the smooth locus of a possibly singular variety, we study the geometry and cohomology of sheaves of reflexive differentials.First, we generalise the extension theorem to holomorphic forms on locally algebraic complex spaces. We investigate the (non-)existence of reflexive pluri-differentials on singular rationally connected varieties, using a semistability analysis with respect to movable curve classes. The necessary foundational material concerning this stability notion is developed in an appendix to the paper. Moreover, we prove that Kodaira–Akizuki–Nakano vanishing for sheaves of reflexive differentials holds in certain extreme cases, and that it fails in general. Finally, topological and Hodge-theoretic properties of reflexive differentials are explored.
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Sahan, Anselmus. "Rhetorical Structure of The News Story and Implication for Language Teaching." International Journal of Language Education 4, no. 3 (December 30, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v4i3.14979.
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This study tried to investigate the application of the Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST) in analyzing the relationships between the markers used in the four texts and identify the types of the marker relationship and their functions in the whole clauses. It found out that RST operated with highly generalized Rhetorical Relations, such as elaboration, sequence, and motivation; it was intended to be applicable across a variety of different registers. Based on the analysis of texts 1-4, it was also found that the texts apply four types of elements of a clause complex covering elaboration, enhancement, projection, and extension. These findings are in line with the logical meaning which functions to realize its existence and application in some forms of news stories being analyzed. Therefore, teaching of Grammar and Writing Subjects should involve the process of discourse development and news stories so that students will enhance and update their knowledge and improve their understanding.
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Gourevitch, Dmitry, Eitan Sayag, and Ido Karshon. "Annihilator varieties of distinguished modules of reductive Lie algebras." Forum of Mathematics, Sigma 9 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/fms.2021.42.
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Abstract We provide a microlocal necessary condition for distinction of admissible representations of real reductive groups in the context of spherical pairs. Let ${\mathbf {G}}$ be a complex algebraic reductive group and ${\mathbf {H}}\subset {\mathbf {G}}$ be a spherical algebraic subgroup. Let ${\mathfrak {g}},{\mathfrak {h}}$ denote the Lie algebras of ${\mathbf {G}}$ and ${\mathbf {H}}$ , and let ${\mathfrak {h}}^{\bot }$ denote the orthogonal complement to ${\mathfrak {h}}$ in ${\mathfrak {g}}^*$ . A ${\mathfrak {g}}$ -module is called ${\mathfrak {h}}$ -distinguished if it admits a nonzero ${\mathfrak {h}}$ -invariant functional. We show that the maximal ${\mathbf {G}}$ -orbit in the annihilator variety of any irreducible ${\mathfrak {h}}$ -distinguished ${\mathfrak {g}}$ -module intersects ${\mathfrak {h}}^{\bot }$ . This generalises a result of Vogan [Vog91]. We apply this to Casselman–Wallach representations of real reductive groups to obtain information on branching problems, translation functors and Jacquet modules. Further, we prove in many cases that – as suggested by [Pra19, Question 1] – when H is a symmetric subgroup of a real reductive group G, the existence of a tempered H-distinguished representation of G implies the existence of a generic H-distinguished representation of G. Many of the models studied in the theory of automorphic forms involve an additive character on the unipotent radical of the subgroup $\bf H$ , and we have devised a twisted version of our theorem that yields necessary conditions for the existence of those mixed models. Our method of proof here is inspired by the theory of modules over W-algebras. As an application of our theorem we derive necessary conditions for the existence of Rankin–Selberg, Bessel, Klyachko and Shalika models. Our results are compatible with the recent Gan–Gross–Prasad conjectures for nongeneric representations [GGP20]. Finally, we provide more general results that ease the sphericity assumption on the subgroups, and apply them to local theta correspondence in type II and to degenerate Whittaker models.
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Nguyen Phuong, Lien. "Causal linkage among tax revenue, provincial competitiveness and economic growth at provincial level: Evidence from Vietnam." VNU Journal of Science: Economics and Business 33, no. 2 (June 26, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1108/vnueab.4079.
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To investigate the role of governance and economic growth at provincial level, this study conducts the Granger causality test for a panel data of 60 provinces in Vietnam from 2006 to 2014 and found that there is an existence of bi-directional causality linkage between provincial competitiveness (here after I call “governance”) and economic growth. This research evaluates the governance at provincial level by tax revenue and provincial competitiveness index. Running two-step system generalized method of moments estimation (SGMM), this work shows the general provincial competitiveness index and tax revenue have a significantly positive impact on economic growth at 1% in three models. Notably, the effects of components of tax revenue and sub-provincial competitiveness on growth are diverse. Furthermore, student rate, and poverty rate relate negatively to economic growth. These findings imply that, the policy makers should focus on the increasing provincial competitiveness index as well as setting up the effective collection tax system for rising growth. Moreover, the local governors had better providing variety of career options to reduce both ratios of student and poverty for sustainable developing economies in their areas.
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Peniche-Pavía, Héctor Arturo, Blanca Marina Vera-Ku, and Sergio Rubén Peraza-Sánchez. "Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies on Species of Dorstenia Genus (2000-2016)." Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society 62, no. 3 (April 22, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v62i3.381.
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Abstract. The main objective of this review is to update the current knowledge on species of Dorstenia genus. Previous review was published in 2000. This genus includes 117 accepted named species, from which metabolites with a great variety of structures are found. In the last fifteen years, a blooming has occurred in the research of the genus, with more than 60 original research papers on the chemistry and pharmacology of many species, being one of the main reasons to this thriving the generalized use of Dorstenia species in the traditional medicine around the world. Resumen. El objetivo principal de esta revisión es actualizar los conocimientos existentes sobre especies del género Dorstenia. Una revisión previa fue publicada en 2000. Este género incluye 117 especies aceptadas, las cuales se encuentran metabolitos con una gran variedad de estructuras. En los últimos quince años se ha producido un gran auge en la investigación del género, con más de 60 trabajos de investigación originales sobre la química y farmacología de muchas especies, siendo una de las principales razones para este florecimiento el uso generalizado de especies de Dorstenia en la medicina tradicional en todo el mundo.
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Garcia-Baccino, Carolina Andrea, Christel Marie-Etancelin, Flavie Tortereau, Didier Marcon, Jean-Louis Weisbecker, and Andrés Legarra. "Detection of unrecorded environmental challenges in high-frequency recorded traits, and genetic determinism of resilience to challenge, with an application on feed intake in lambs." Genetics Selection Evolution 53, no. 1 (January 6, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12711-020-00595-x.
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Abstract Background Resilient animals can remain productive under different environmental conditions. Rearing in increasingly heterogeneous environmental conditions increases the need of selecting resilient animals. Detection of environmental challenges that affect an entire population can provide a unique opportunity to select animals that are more resilient to these events. The objective of this study was two-fold: (1) to present a simple and practical data-driven approach to estimate the probability that, at a given date, an unrecorded environmental challenge occurred; and (2) to evaluate the genetic determinism of resilience to such events. Methods Our method consists of inferring the existence of highly variable days (indicator of environmental challenges) via mixture models applied to frequently recorded phenotypic measures and then using the inferred probabilities of the occurrence of an environmental challenge in a reaction norm model to evaluate the genetic determinism of resilience to these events. These probabilities are estimated for each day (or other time frame). We illustrate the method by using an ovine dataset with daily feed intake (DFI) records. Results Using the proposed method, we estimated the probability of the occurrence of an unrecorded environmental challenge, which proved to be informative and useful for inclusion as a covariate in a reaction norm animal model. We estimated the breeding values for sensitivity of the genetic potential for DFI of animals to environmental challenges. The level and slope of the reaction norm were negatively correlated (− 0.46 ± 0.21). Conclusions Our method is promising and appears to be viable to identify unrecorded events of environmental challenges, which is useful when selecting resilient animals and only productive data are available. It can be generalized to a wide variety of phenotypic records from different species and used with large datasets. The negative correlation between level and slope indicates that a hypothetical selection for increased DFI may not be optimal depending on the presence or absence of stress. We observed a reranking of individuals along the environmental gradient and low genetic correlations between extreme environmental conditions. These results confirm the existence of a G $$\times$$ × E interaction and show that the best animals in one environmental condition are not the best in another one.
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Doležel, V., P. Procházka, and V. Křístek. "Modeling Water Pollution of Soil." Acta Polytechnica 48, no. 4 (January 4, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/1037.
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The government of the Czech Republic decided that in the location to the west of Prague, capital city of the Czech Republic, some deep mines should be closed because of their low efficiency of coal mined i.e. small amounts and low quality of the coal extracted in the final stage of mining. The locations near Prague influenced the decision to do maintenance on the abandoned mines, as the thread of soil pollution was unacceptably high in the neighborhood of the capital city. Before the mines were closed it was necessary to separate existed extensive horizontal location of salt water below a clay layer in order not to deteriorate the upper fresh water. The salt water could not be allowed to pollute the upper layer with the fresh water, as many wells in villages in the neighborhood of the former mines would be contaminated. Two horizontal clay layers (an insulator and a semi-insulator) separated the two horizons containing salt water and fresh water. Before starting deep mining, vertical shafts had to be constructed with concrete linings to enable the miners to access the depths. The salt water was draining away throughout the existence of the mine. The drainage was designed very carefully to avoid possible infiltration of salt water into the upper horizon. Before the mines were abandoned it was necessary to prevent contact between the two kinds of waters in the shafts. Several options were put forward, the most efficient of which appeared to be one that proposed filling the shafts with spoil soil and creating a joint seal made of disparate material at the interface between the salt water and fresh water to create a reliable stopper. The material for the spoil soil was delivered from deposits located not far from the shafts. This material consisted of a variety of grains of sand, big boulders of slate, slaty clay, sandstone, etc.. Chemical admixtures were considered to improve the flocculation of the filling material. The stopper was positioned at a depth of 220–300 m below the terrain. As an alternative, thinner stoppers were considered, but this option was discarded.The aim of this paper is to describe the design of the stoppers applied to separate the two types of water along the contact horizon using Desai’s DSC theory (Distinct State Concept), and generalized plane strain in the multiphase problem of water flow in a porous medium. In addition, a comparison of some results from scale experimental models with numerical solutions was carried out. The intrinsic material properties of stoppers for numerical computations were obtained from physical and chemical laboratory tests. The models were evaluated for the complete underground work, particularly in its final stage of construction.