Academic literature on the topic 'General traffic patterns'
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Journal articles on the topic "General traffic patterns"
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O’Sullivan, Rory. "Traffic patterns." Canadian Family Physician 69, no. 1 (January 2023): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46747/cfp.690147.
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Patil, Vrushal. "Traffic Signal Pattern Algorithm." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 12 (December 31, 2023): 126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.57249.
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Abstract: Every day we are witnessing a rapid increase in traffic volume on roads. Traffic signals are made to manage the traffic to get less disturbance during the journey and to avoid collisions. Sometimes these traffic signals might become a reason for a delay due to poor time management at signal timings. The old traffic signal patterns are the main cause of this issue and hence this project of new signalling patterns will help in using traffic signals more efficiently. In the traditional pattern at a crossover only one signal can be opened but using our pattern algorithm more than one signal can be opened and traffic could clear more easily. Even concepts of image processing are used to make the system more automated and intelligent.
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B. Gaididei, Yuri, Carlos Gorria, Rainer Berkemer, Peter L. Christiansen, Atsushi Kawamoto, Mads P. Sørensen, and Jens Starke. "Stochastic control of traffic patterns." Networks & Heterogeneous Media 8, no. 1 (2013): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/nhm.2013.8.261.
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Puangnak, Korn, and Natworapol Rachsiriwatcharabul. "Collection of Road Traffic Incidents in Bangkok from Twitter Data based on Deep Learning Algorithm." ECTI Transactions on Computer and Information Technology (ECTI-CIT) 16, no. 3 (June 18, 2022): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-cit.2022163.248535.
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Text processing technology from Twitter to report notification formats that are known in many countries with verification on different languages. This research presents the development of a neural network memory learning model. To solve the problem of classifying incidence patterns and identifying severity of incidents from Thai social media messages. For gathering incident data and reporting incidents externally from a single reporting platform by using deep learning models like MLP, CNN and LSTM which is designed by dividing the study into 3 types, including examination traffic incidence identification pattern that can identify the report as general news or traffic reporting Incident Identification Patterns. These include traffic conditions, accidents, disasters, damaged roads, or other than the aforementioned patterns, and the pattern indicating the severity of the incidence consists of normal level, medium level and lane blocking or stationary levels. The results demonstrated the ability of LSTM learning with the best results in incidence detection and incidence pattern identification at 93.44% and 87.40%, respectively, and the CNN method was able to State the severity of the incidence at best, reaching 91.42%.
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Wang, Longfei, Hong Chen, and Yang Li. "Transition Characteristic Analysis of Traffic Evolution Process for Urban Traffic Network." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/603274.
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The characterization of the dynamics of traffic states remains fundamental to seeking for the solutions of diverse traffic problems. To gain more insights into traffic dynamics in the temporal domain, this paper explored temporal characteristics and distinct regularity in the traffic evolution process of urban traffic network. We defined traffic state pattern through clustering multidimensional traffic time series using self-organizing maps and construct a pattern transition network model that is appropriate for representing and analyzing the evolution progress. The methodology is illustrated by an application to data flow rate of multiple road sections from Network of Shenzhen’s Nanshan District, China. Analysis and numerical results demonstrated that the methodology permits extracting many useful traffic transition characteristics including stability, preference, activity, and attractiveness. In addition, more information about the relationships between these characteristics was extracted, which should be helpful in understanding the complex behavior of the temporal evolution features of traffic patterns.
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Hernández-Vega, Henry, and Carolina Matamoros-Jiménez. "Clustering Approach to Generate Pedestrian Traffic Pattern Groups." Ciencia e Ingeniería Neogranadina 31, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/rcin.4403.
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This study shows the development of patterns of temporal hourly volume distributions in an urban area in Costa Rica, based on a cluster analysis of pedestrian data. This study aims to establish specific pattern groups for the temporal variation of weekday pedestrian volumes applying cluster analysis in the central business district of Guadalupe in San José. For 46 counting sites, vectors with the weekday hourly factors, the proportion of the daily pedestrian traffic, were estimated. A hierarchical cluster method was implemented to group the vectors of hourly factors from the different counting sites. This method groups elements by minimizing the Euclidean distance between elements of the same group and, at the same time, maximizing the distances from elements of other groups. In addition, the groups found through this analysis are related to land use through buffers of different radios. Eight temporal pattern groups were obtained through cluster analysis. Two pattern groups account for more than two-thirds of the sites included in the study. Fisher’s exact independence test shows that banks and public services could explain some of the patterns observed. The classification of 46 counting sites based on temporal distribution patterns, and the relation with the establishments in the area, allows a simplification of the information and facilitates an understanding of the pedestrian mobility in the area. Further research is required that leads towards geographical elements that could explain the differences in temporal and mobility patterns.
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Jing, Binbin, and Jianmin Xu. "A General Maximum Progression Model to Concurrently Synchronize Left-Turn and through Traffic Flows on an Arterial." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2453246.
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In the existing bandwidth-based methods, through traffic flows are considered as the coordination objects and offered progression bands accordingly. However, at certain times or nodes in the road network, when the left-turn traffic flows have a higher priority than the through traffic flows, it would be inappropriate to still provide the progression bands to the through traffic flows; the left-turn traffic flows should instead be considered as the coordination objects to potentially achieve better control. Considering this, a general maximum progression model to concurrently synchronize left-turn and through traffic flows is established by using a time-space diagram. The general model can deal with all the patterns of the left-turn phases by introducing two new binary variables into the constraints; that is, these variables allow all the patterns of the left-turn phases to deal with a single formulation. By using the measures of effectiveness (average delay time, average vehicle stops, and average travel time) acquired by a traffic simulation software, VISSIM, the validity of the general model is verified. The results show that, compared with the MULTIBAND, the proposed general model can effectively reduce the delay time, vehicle stops, and travel time and, thus, achieve better traffic control.
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Dobler, Gregory, Jordan Vani, and Trang Tran Linh Dam. "Patterns of urban foot traffic dynamics." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 89 (September 2021): 101674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2021.101674.
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Lo Verde, John, Wayland Dong, Samantha Rawlings, and McCall Edwards. "Statistical evaluation of noise due to changes in pandemic traffic patterns." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (March 1, 2023): A22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018013.
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Vehicular traffic noise for free-flowing roadways and highways generally follows statistically predictable flow rates and vehicular mix. The authors’ earlier work in this area examined long-term variations in traffic noise level with the purpose of establishing maximum hourly levels for vehicular sources (“Defining vehicular noise levels to manage risk associated with exterior façade design,” LoVerde, Dong, Rawlings, Internoise 2014 Melbourne) and general average sound level (“Noise prediction of vehicle sources on arterials using measured sound data,” LoVerde, Dong, Rawlings, ASA 2014 Providence; “Methods for estimating the variance in traffic noise distribution from short-duration measurements,” LoVerde, Dong, Rawlings, ICSV 2015 Florence). When the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in lockdowns, traffic patterns at the measurement location in Southern California were affected. The authors’ examination of traffic data revealed that the changes in traffic patterns did not affect noise level significantly, but variability in sound level across the 24-h period increased substantially (“Changes in statistical traffic noise descriptors during COVID-19,” LoVerde, Dong, Edwards, Rawlings, ASA 2021). For this paper, the authors have undertaken comparison of pre-, during-, and post-lockdown vehicular traffic noise levels over a several-month period for the purpose of understanding how measurement of traffic noise is implemented and interpreted.
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Baade, S. C. "SNA route generation using traffic patterns." IBM Systems Journal 30, no. 3 (1991): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1147/sj.303.0250.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "General traffic patterns"
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Jebri, Beyrem. "Attribution et reconstruction du rôle de la variabilité interne et des forçages externes sur le climat passé récent et du dernier millénaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS162.
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Nous avons d’abord étudié les rôles de la variabilité interne (telle que l’IPO) et des forçages externes dans le refroidissement régional dans la zone d’upwelling du Pérou-Chili et les mécanismes associés. Les résultats montrent que l’expansion de la cellule de Hadley dans l’hémisphère Sud en réponse aux forçages anthropiques est un résultat robuste dans nos grands ensembles d’attribution du modèle IPSL-CM5A et les observations et est responsable de l’intensification de l’upwelling depuis les années 80s. Celle-ci se traduit par une intensification des alizés et de l’upwelling le long des côtes Chiliennes et un approfondissement de la couche de mélange qui s’oppose régionalement au signal de réchauffement climatique dans le Pacifique Sud-Est. La fenêtre d’observation instrumentale restreinte limite néanmoins notre compréhension du rôle de la dynamique naturelle dans les changements observés. Nous proposons dans la seconde partie une méthode d’assimilation de données dans le modèle de l’IPSL permettant de reconstruire la variabilité naturelle passée. Ce type de méthode est confronté à un problème de dégénérescence associé à la résolution d’un problème de grande dimension avec un nombre de particules restreint. Pour lever ce verrou un filtre particulaire avec ré-échantillonnage est proposé, utilisant un émulateur statistique du modèle de l’IPSL (LIM) comme modèle d’intégration. La validation de cette nouvelle méthode baptisée SIR-LIM permet aujourd’hui d’envisager la reconstruction de la variabilité climatique des siècles passés par l’assimilation d’observations et de proxys dans les modèles de classe CMIP tout en préservant la cohérence physique le long de la simulationUsing large ensembles of IPSLCM5A model simulations, we first investigate the roles of internal variability (and in particular the IPO) and external forcing in driving recent Peru-Chile regional cooling. The simulations reproduce the relative cooling, in response to an externally-forced southerly wind anomaly, which strengthens the upwelling off Chile in recent decades. This southerly wind anomaly results from the expansion of the Southern Hemisphere Hadley Cell in response to increasing greenhouse gases and stratospheric ozone depletion since ~1980. An oceanic heat budget confirms that the wind-forced upwelling dominates the cooling near the coast while a wind-forced deepening of the mixed layer drives the offshore cooling, irrespectively of the IPO phase, hence indicating the preeminent role of external forcing. Constraining the climate sensitivity from observations remains however fraught with uncertainties due to the limited instrumental window of observation. In a second part, a data assimilation method is developed to reconstruct past natural variability relying on a particles filter using CMIP-class climate models. Such method is confronted with a problem of degeneracy associated with the resolution of a large problem with a limited number of particles. This issue has been resolved using a statistical emulator of the IPSL model (LIM) as an integration model in a particle filter with resampling. The validation of this new method, called SIR-LIM, allows the reconstruction of the climate variability of the past centuries by assimilating observations and proxy records into a CMIP-class coupled model while preserving the physical coherence along the simulation
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Jančová, Markéta. "Generická analýza toků v počítačových sítích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417290.
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Tato práce se zabývá problematikou popisu síťového provozu pomocí automaticky vytvořeného modelu komunikace. Hlavním zaměřením jsou komunikace v řídicích systémech , které využívají speciální protokoly, jako je například IEC 60870-5-104 . V této práci představujeme metodu charakteristiky síťového provozu z pohledu obsahu komunikace i chování v čase. Tato metoda k popisu využívá deterministické konečné automaty , prefixové stromy a analýzu opakovatelnosti. Ve druhé části této diplomové práce se zaměřujeme na implementaci programu, který je schopný na základě takového modelu komunikace verifikovat síťový provoz v reálném čase.
Books on the topic "General traffic patterns"
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State Bar of Texas. Committee on Pattern Jury Charges., ed. Texas pattern jury charges--general negligence, motor vehicles. Austin: State Bar of Texas, 1996.
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Stubbe, Peter. Legal Consequences of the Pollution of Outer Space with Space Debris. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190647926.013.68.
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This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Encyclopedia of Planetary Science. Please check back later for the full article.Space debris has grown to be a significant problem for outer space activities. The remnants of human activities in space are very diverse; they can be tiny paint flakes, all sorts of fragments, or entirely intact—but otherwise nonfunctional spacecraft and rocket bodies. The amount of debris is increasing at a growing pace, thus raising the risk of collision with operational satellites. Due to the relative high velocities involved in on-orbit collisions, their consequences are severe; collisions lead to significant damage or the complete destruction of the affected spacecraft. Protective measures and collision avoidance have thus become a major concern for spacecraft operators. The pollution of space with debris must, however, not only be seen as an unfavorable circumstance that accompanies space activities and increases the costs and complexity of outer space activities. Beyond this rather technical perspective, the presence of man-made, nonfunctional objects in space represents a global environmental concern. Similar to the patterns of other environmental problems on Earth, debris generation appears to have surpassed the absorption capacity of the space environment. Studies indicate that the evolution of the space object environment has crossed the tipping point to a runaway situation in which an increasing number of collisions―mostly among debris―leads to an uncontrolled population growth. It is thus in the interest of all mankind to address the debris problem in order to preserve the space environment for future generations.International space law protects the space environment. Article IX of the Outer Space Treaty obligates States to avoid the harmful contamination of outer space. The provision corresponds to the obligation to protect the environment in areas beyond national jurisdiction under the customary “no harm” rule of general environmental law. These norms are applicable to space debris and establish the duty not to pollute outer space by limiting the generation of debris. They become all the more effective when the principles of sustainable development are taken into account, which infuse considerations of intra- as well as inter-generational justice into international law. In view of the growing debris pollution and its related detrimental effects, it is obvious that questions of liability and responsibility will become increasingly relevant. The Liability Convention offers a remedy for victims having suffered damage caused by space debris. The launching State liability that it establishes is even absolute for damage occurring on the surface of the Earth. The secondary rules of international responsibility law go beyond mere compensation: States can also be held accountable for the environmental pollution event itself, entailing a number of consequential obligations, among them―under certain circumstances―a duty to active debris removal. While international law is, therefore, generally effective in addressing the debris problem, growing use and growing risks necessitate the establishment of a comprehensive traffic management regime for outer space. It would strengthen the rule of law in outer space and ensure the sustainability of space utilization.
Book chapters on the topic "General traffic patterns"
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Schestakov, Stefan, Paul Heinemeyer, and Elena Demidova. "Road Network Representation Learning with Vehicle Trajectories." In Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 57–69. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33383-5_5.
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AbstractSpatio-temporal traffic patterns reflecting the mobility behavior of road users are essential for learning effective general-purpose road representations. Such patterns are largely neglected in state-of-the-art road representation learning, mainly focusing on modeling road topology and static road features. Incorporating traffic patterns into road network representation learning is particularly challenging due to the complex relationship between road network structure and mobility behavior of road users. In this paper, we present TrajRNE – a novel trajectory-based road embedding model incorporating vehicle trajectory information into road network representation learning. Our experiments on two real-world datasets demonstrate that TrajRNE outperforms state-of-the-art road representation learning baselines on various downstream tasks.
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Shi, Lei, Yahui Li, Boon Thau Loo, and Rajeev Alur. "Network Traffic Classification by Program Synthesis." In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, 430–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72016-2_23.
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AbstractWriting classification rules to identify interesting network traffic is a time-consuming and error-prone task. Learning-based classification systems automatically extract such rules from positive and negative traffic examples. However, due to limitations in the representation of network traffic and the learning strategy, these systems lack both expressiveness to cover a range of applications and interpretability in fully describing the traffic’s structure at the session layer. This paper presents Sharingan system, which uses program synthesis techniques to generate network classification programs at the session layer. Sharingan accepts raw network traces as inputs and reports potential patterns of the target traffic in NetQRE, a domain specific language designed for specifying session-layer quantitative properties. We develop a range of novel optimizations that reduce the synthesis time for large and complex tasks to a matter of minutes. Our experiments show that Sharingan is able to correctly identify patterns from a diverse set of network traces and generates explainable outputs, while achieving accuracy comparable to state-of-the-art learning-based systems.
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Barauskas, Andrius, Agnė Brilingaitė, Linas Bukauskas, Vaida Čeikutė, Alminas Čivilis, and Simonas Šaltenis. "Semi-synthetic Data and Testbed for Long-Distance E-Vehicle Routing." In New Trends in Database and Information Systems, 61–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85082-1_6.
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AbstractElectric and autonomous mobility will increasingly rely on advanced route planning algorithms. Robust testing of these algorithms is dependent on the availability of large realistic data sets. Such data sets should capture realistic time-varying traffic patterns and corresponding travel-time and energy-use predictions. Ideally, time-varying availability of charging infrastructure and vehicle-specific charging-power curves should be included in the data to support advanced planning.We contribute with a modular testbed architecture including a semi-synthetic data generator that uses a state-of-the-art traffic simulator, real traffic distribution patterns, EV-specific data, and elevation data to generate time-dependent travel-time and energy-use weights in a road-network graph. The experimental study demonstrates that the testbed can reproduce travel-time and energy-use patterns for long-distance trips similar to commercially available services.
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Gitahi, Joseph, and Michael Hahn. "Evaluation of Crowd-Sourced PM2.5 Measurements from Low-Cost Sensors for Air Quality Mapping in Stuttgart City." In iCity. Transformative Research for the Livable, Intelligent, and Sustainable City, 225–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92096-8_14.
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AbstractExposure to particulate matter (PM) pollution poses a major risk to the environment and human health. Monitoring PM pollution is thus crucial to understand particle distribution and mitigation. There has been rapid development of low-cost PM sensors and advancement in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) that has led to the deployment of the sensors by technology-aware people in cities. In this study, we evaluate the stability and accuracy of PM measurements from low-cost sensors crowd-sourced from a citizen science project in Stuttgart. Long-term measurements from the sensors show a strong correlation with measurements from reference stations with most of the selected sensors achieving Pearson correlation coefficients of r > 0.7. We investigate the stability of the sensors for reproducibility of measurements using five sensors installed at different height levels and horizontal distances. They exhibit minor variations with low correlation of variation (CV) values of between 10 and 14%. A CV of ≤10% is recommended for low-cost sensors. In a dense network, the sensors enable extraction pollution patterns and trends. We analyse PM measurements from 2 years using space-time pattern analysis and generate two clusters of sensors that have similar trends. The clustering shows the relationship between traffic and pollution with most sensors near major roads being in the same cluster.
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Yueyang, Wang, and Philip F. Yuan. "A Parametric Approach Towards Carbon Net Zero in Agricultural Planning." In Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication, 305–14. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_26.
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AbstractThis paper presents a new tool called the Space Data Generator, which is a parametric tool for organizing open spaces in rural areas. It can optimize the layout of buildings, solar panels, and agricultural planting spaces. While architects have been exploring ways to achieve net-zero carbon emissions in building design, it is equally important to attain a feasible carbon-neutral goal in rural areas. This is particularly crucial as 40% of the world's population resides in rural areas, and transitioning towards a more sustainable and efficient economy can bring about not only moral but also economic benefits through proper management [1].The Space Date Generator offers a powerful spatial planning approach for optimizing and planning agricultural resources on any given land. This innovative tool utilizes a combination of remote sensing to generate precise maps of the land, providing a comprehensive understanding of its terrain and potential agricultural resources. With this information, farmers and land managers can make informed decisions about crop selection, irrigation, and fertilizer application, among other factors. By using the Space Date Generator, they can optimize the use of available resources and maximize crop yields, ultimately increasing profitability and sustainability in agriculture [2].Overall, the Space Date Generator is a valuable tool for any farmer or land manager looking to make the most of their land and resources. Its ability to provide detailed and accurate data on the land's potential agricultural resources can help to streamline decision-making processes and ultimately lead to more efficient and sustainable land use practices. The Space data generator uses the collected site coordinate information, geographical status (including stones, lakes, and water patterns), and the planted plants’ price as input. Divide the site into small squares, then configure enough solar panels in the optimal sunlight area of the site to meet the user's needs, and then plant crops on the remaining land. The Space data generator will analyze the number of calories a household needs each year as a percentage. If there is a surplus, the excess food can be allocated to generate economic outcomes on the market. The land area at hand will be subdivided based on its sun ratio, which is a relatively straightforward process. However, we are also interested in determining the value of excess vegetation that may grow in the allocated space. In this regard, the Space Data Generator can prove to be a valuable tool, not only for this particular scenario but also in other types of agricultural settings such as those involving a mix of livestock and crops. Additionally, it may be possible to use this tool to calculate the optimal harvesting of various plant species at different points in the seasonal cycle.The Space Date Generator has the potential to offer valuable references for optimizing agricultural schemes. However, it must provide users with completely accurate results. Unfortunately, it currently cannot measure crucial factors such as soil type and moisture level, which are essential for agricultural planning. Despite this limitation, the Space Data Generator is a flexible tool that can be modified as research advances, allowing for more inputs to be added to improve its accuracy. Moreover, the Space Data Generator can provide guidance in various other areas based on the specific needs of the user. For instance, it can offer guidelines for traffic and urban design, among other demands. By leveraging this technology, users can access more precise and relevant information, enhancing their decision-making capabilities. As such, the Space Data Generator represents a valuable tool for various industries and sectors.Guidelines:
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Hambebo, Bereket M., Marco Carvalho, and Fredric M. Ham. "A Scalable Approach to Network Traffic Classification for Computer Network Defense using Parallel Neural Network Classifier Architectures." In Efficiency and Scalability Methods for Computational Intellect, 181–96. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3942-3.ch009.
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The ability to recognize network traffics plays an important role in securing modern computer network infrastructures. In this chapter, we propose a machine learning approach that is based on statistical features of communication flow between two end-points. The statistical features are then used to develop and test a Parallel Neural Network Classifier Architecture (PNNCA), which is trained to recognize specific HTTP session patterns in a controlled environment, and then used to classify general traffic. The classifier’s performance and scalability measures have been compared with other neural network based approaches. The classifier’s correct classification rate (CCR) is calculated to be 96%.
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Goleva, Rossitza, Dimitar Atamian, Seferin Mirtchev, Desislava Dimitrova, Lubina Grigorova, Rosen Rangelov, and Aneliya Ivanova. "Traffic Analyses and Measurements." In Resource Management of Mobile Cloud Computing Networks and Environments, 122–73. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8225-2.ch006.
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Resource management schemes in current data centers, including cloud environments, are not well equipped to handle the dynamic variation in traffic caused by the large diversity of traffic sources, source mobility patterns, and underlying network characteristics. Part of the problem is lacking knowledge on the traffic source behaviour and its proper representation for development and operation. Inaccurate, static traffic models lead to incorrect estimation of traffic characteristics, making resource allocation, migration, and release schemes inefficient, and limit scalability. The end result is unsatisfied customers (due to service degradation) and operators (due to costly inefficient infrastructure use). The authors argue that developing appropriate methods and tools for traffic predictability requires carefully conducted and analysed traffic experiments. This chapter presents their measurements and statistical analyses on various traffic sources for two network settings, namely local Area Network (LAN) and 3G mobile network. LAN traffic is organised in DiffServ categories supported by MPLS to ensure Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning. 3G measurements are taken from a live network upon entering the IP domain. Passive monitoring was used to collect the measurements in order to be non-obtrusive for the networks. The analyses indicate that the gamma distribution has general applicability to represent various traffic sources by proper setting of the parameters. The findings allow the construction of traffic models and simulation tools to be used in the development and evaluation of flexible resource management schemes that meet the real-time needs of the users.
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Tausig, Benjamin. "Completely Packed In." In Bangkok is Ringing, 31–32. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847524.003.0002.
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This is the first of several interlude chapters that are interspersed throughout the book to give an impression of conditions the author encountered. It contains an extended quotation from a work by Wanich Charungkichanan, and then very briefly describes the condition of being stuck in protest. Although this was a Red Shirt protest, the conditions seemed very similar to normal traffic patterns in the royal city of Bangkok, with thousands of cars, trucks, and buses idling in the heat. The passengers warded off tedium by repeating the mantra òt thon (patience). The chapter describes stuckness as a general condition of constraints.
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"Disruptive Technologies, Innovation, and Competition in the Digital Economy." In Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage, 183–211. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6513-2.ch007.
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In this chapter, a general overview of innovation (definition and typologies) is presented based on economics and management of innovation literature. Since the pioneering work of Schumpeter (1934, 1942), a growing body of literature has concentrated on technological change in industries. Technology is one of the main factors shaping environmental conditions of firms. The dynamics of innovation and technology may require several approaches to be analyzed. Innovation in various sectors is driven by standards and/or patents and other Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). Standards and patents are helpful for tracking globalization patterns. The current digital economy is characterized by fierce patents and standards battles. Standards and patents are helpful for tracking globalization patterns. The increasing development of Internet traffic and some of the key enabling technologies for the new digital economy called disruptive technologies are introduced.
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Deplano, Martina, and Giancarlo Ruffo. "GWAP as a Tool to Analyze, Design, and Test Geo-Social Systems." In Intelligent Multimedia Technologies for Networking Applications, 380–407. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2833-5.ch016.
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In this chapter, the authors discuss the state-of-the-art of Geo-Social systems and Recommender systems, which are becoming extremely popular for users accessing social media trough mobile devices. Moreover, they introduce a general framework based on the interaction among those systems and the “Game With A Purpose” (GWAP) paradigm. The proposed framework/platform can help researchers to understand geo-social dynamics in order to design and test new services, such as recommenders of places of interest for tourists, real-time traffic information systems, personalized suggestions of social events, and so forth. To target the governance of such complexity, relevant data must be collected by the investigators, shared with the community, and analyzed to find dynamical patterns that correlate spatial-temporal information with the user’s preferences and objectives. The authors argue that the GWAP approach can be exploited to successfully satisfy many of these tasks.
Conference papers on the topic "General traffic patterns"
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Li, Yunfan, Drew Penney, Abhishek Ramamurthy, and Lizhong Chen. "Characterizing On-Chip Traffic Patterns in General-Purpose GPUs: A Deep Learning Approach." In 2019 IEEE 37th International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccd46524.2019.00016.
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Pouryousef, Hamed, Paulo Teixeira, and Joseph Sussman. "Track Maintenance Scheduling and Its Interactions With Operations: Dedicated and Mixed High-Speed Rail (HSR) Scenarios." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36125.
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HSRs are a complex system not only in terms of technical specifications, but also with respect to operations and maintenance over the track structure. Also, track structure is basically considered as the most important and costly railway asset. Its maintenance is vital to assure safety and operating practices are also of great importance to assure that a good level of service is provided. Considering track maintenance considerations over a new HSR line, one important and critical feature is the operational regime and the question of whether the line will be operated as mixed (passenger and freight) or dedicated only to passenger traffic. This can influence the maintenance patterns: preventive maintenance planning, maintenances scheduling and assignment issues. This will be different for the dedicated and mixed HSR traffic scenarios. In this research, the main approach is focused on the interactions between track maintenance planning and operational concerns and influences in these two scenarios. With this aim and within the current paper, a model of the preventive maintenance scheduling problem (PMSP) has been selected initially from Budai (2006) and then an upgraded revision of this model (Multi-segment assignment and scheduling of preventive maintenance problem) is introduced. Furthermore, the upgraded model of PMSP has been run over a given HSR line (Tehran-Qom HSR corridor in Iran) based on the comparison between the two scenarios of dedicated HSR and upgraded mixed HSR patterns. The main requirements, similarities and differences between these two scenarios are analyzed based on preventive maintenance scheduling and assignment requisites and interactions over the operating restrictions and considerations such as track possession patterns for maintenance activities. We conclude that decision making between these two scenarios through PMSP modeling are quite complicated and depends on the technical and operational specifications of the given HSR corridor, although some general comments on tradeoffs are possible.
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Sánchez Galiano, Juan Carlos, Jairo Casares Blanco, Patricia Fernández Aracil, and Armando Ortuño Padilla. "A CASE STUDY OF IDENTIFY IMPORTANCE OF LAND USE PLANNING IN ROAD SAFETY, BENIDORM." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3429.
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This research analyses how urban form, land use and urban density, may influence the incidence of traffic-related crashes injuries and deaths. It begins with a theoretical overview of studies which deal with the study of the relationship between urban patterns and road safety. Next, it details the development of a database of crash incidence and urban form at the district level for the city of Benidorm (Alicante, Spain) in 2010. Subsequently, it is developed a negative binomial approach for intra-city motor vehicle crash analysis. One-year crash data for Benidorm (the fourth largest tourism destination of Spain, after Barcelona, Madrid and San Bartolomé de Tirajana, and exclusively tourist-oriented city) are analyzed using a geographic information system (GIS) to generate relevant inputs for the analysis. In general, the study finds that a strong land use mix results on fewer road accidents, whereas accidents are more common but less severe in areas of high urban density. Finally, pedestrian accidents research showed that rural and low density environment is related to an important road accident numbers unlike tourism-oriented zones, much more safe for them. Based on these findings, the paper discusses the implications for urban design practice.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3429
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Balaniuk, Alba Cristina Magalhães de Melo. "Supporting Multiple Memory Consistency Models on a Shared Virtual Memory Parallel Programming Environment." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Arquitetura de Computadores e Processamento de Alto Desempenho. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbac-pad.1997.22636.
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In order to make shared memory programming possible in parallel or distributed architectures where no physical shared memory exists, we must create a shared memory abstraction that parallel processes can access. The behavior of this abstraction is dictated by the memory consistency model. It has been observed that simulating exactly the real shared memory behavior in such architectures creates a huge network traffic. Several relaxed memory models have been proposed to reduce this traffic. We claim that no single memory model will be able to provide both performance and ease of programming for all classes of parallel applications. Hence, we must allow programmers to choose the memory model that best fits to his parallel application needs. This article describe the design and implementation of a shared virtual memory system that supports multiple user-defined memory consistency models. The idea here is to allow programmers to choose the memory model that best fits to its parallel application sharing patterns. The programmer can also define a memory model by his own. This article is divided in three parts. In the first part, we introduce the problem of memory consistency model definition and define formally what is a memory consistency model. In the second part, we describe the design of a general model manager that supports multiple memory models. In the last part, we present the implementation of a prototype of the system in a parallel machine and examine some preliminary results.
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Hagiwara, Itsuki, Hiroaki Yoshida, Masayoshi Kamijo, Yuichi Shibata, Honami Fujii, and Kohei Murata. "Investigation of automotive light blinking pattern conveying a driver's intention to yield." In 9th International Conference on Kansei Engineering and Emotion Research (KEER2022). Kansei Engineering and Emotion Research (KEER), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184849.42.
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This paper proposes a method of conveying a driver’s intention to yield by blinking automotive lighting. Generally, headlight flashing indicates a driver’s intention to yield to another driver or pedestrians in Japan. However, this signaling method can have several meanings, including warning other drivers of road dangers such as crashed cars, or informing other drivers of the presence of a pedestrian. There is a possibility of a misunderstanding, increasing the risk of accidents. Therefore, we have investigated an effective method for facilitating communication in traffic. This study focuses on nonverbal communication in which blinking lights convey the driver’s intentions to others. In this study, visibility is not considered. Nine blinking patterns that changed the light colors, waveform, and blinking cycle were presented to fifteen healthy participants, and visual impressions were evaluated to identify the most suitable blinking patterns. These nine patterns indicate a driver’s intention to yield to pedestrians and other drivers. The results indicated that a blue-green blinking pattern in which luminance changes with a triangular wave pattern with a one-second cycle was best conveyed the intention to yield.
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Bhatnagar, Saumya, Rongge Guo, Keith McCabe, Thomas McCluskey, Francesco Percassi, and Mauro Vallati. "Automated Planning for Generating and Simulating Traffic Signal Strategies." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/830.
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There is a growing interest in the use of AI techniques for urban traffic control, with a particular focus on traffic signal optimisation. Model-based approaches such as planning demonstrated to be capable of dealing in real-time with unexpected or unusual traffic conditions, as well as with the usual traffic patterns. Further, the knowledge models on which such techniques rely to generate traffic signal strategies are in fact simulation models of traffic, hence can be used by traffic authorities to test and compare different approaches. In this work, we present a framework that relies on automated planning to generate and simulate traffic signal strategies in a urban region. To demonstrate the capabilities of the framework, we consider real-world data collected from sensors deployed in a major corridor of the Kirklees region of the United Kingdom.
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Schlichtherle, Fabian, and Wolfram Remlinger. "Enhancing User Acceptance of Shared Automated Vehicles – An exploratory Study on Mobility Behavior and Attitude towards Automated Mobility Concepts." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003797.
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Shared automated vehicles (SAVs) own the potential to contribute significantly to a reduction in urban traffic by reducing the share of motorized private transport in the modal split. Due to high traffic loads in cities, rapid introduction of SAVs is highly desirable. In order to enable the introduction of new, automated mobility concepts successfully, understanding mobility behavior as well as user needs is crucial. As part of the research project SAVeNoW, funded by the German Federal Ministry for Digital and Transport, this work aims to identify relevant patterns in mobility behavior as well as attitudes towards automated mobility concepts. Therefore, we conducted an online survey in the city of Ingolstadt.The promising effects of shared automated mobility concepts only hold true, if they are able to attract users from the motorized private transport sector. Otherwise, there is a high risk of pure cannibalization of public transportation by SAVs. It is therefore of utmost importance to precisely understand user needs and requirements long before the implementation of shared mobility services. This paper offers insights from an online-based survey on the aforementioned issues. Previous studies already investigated users' perspectives on shared automated mobility. The presented sample however stands out due to having been obtained in the city of Ingolstadt, which has an unusual high private car density. Results from this sample are crucial to understanding the desires of a car centric community regarding automated mobility concepts.An online survey was chosen as method to obtain relevant mobility data. The online link to the survey was distributed via e-mail and reached students and employees from the Technical University Ingolstadt of Applied Sciences as well as a group of senior citizens who gave their consent to participate in scientific studies. Furthermore, posters and flyers promoting the survey’s QR code were placed in the city’s public parking garages as well as in the public transport busses in order to generate a diverse sample of participants. The online-questionnaire took roughly 20 minutes to complete and included four sections: demographic data, mobility demographic data, mobility behavior and attitude towards autonomous driving and future mobility concepts.N = 85 participants completed the questionnaire. The assumption of strong car ownership was confirmed. Notable reasons for car ownership were higher flexibility as well as shorter trip duration. This falls in line with previous research. Stated reasons against the use of public transport like high prices and low availability could be overcome with SAVs. Generally, participants are strongly willing to use automated shuttle busses. Readiness to share rides with others is most firmly influenced by familiarity with fellow riders, followed by sharing the same employer or neighborhood i.e. destination. Besides ticket price, general availability and route network, interior related features like privacy, cleanliness and availability of seats as well as WiFi and itinerary information can be considered as important factors towards the decision to use such mobility concepts. Results indicate that SAVs are a welcome mobility alternative, but may need to be reconsidered in their current design.
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Tan, Shuhan, Kelvin Wong, Shenlong Wang, Sivabalan Manivasagam, Mengye Ren, and Raquel Urtasun. "SceneGen: Learning to Generate Realistic Traffic Scenes." In 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.00095.
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Lin, T., and L. Kleinrock. "Performance analysis of finite-buffered multistage interconnection networks with a general traffic pattern." In the 1991 ACM SIGMETRICS conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/107971.107980.
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Zhang, Chao, Yechen Li, Neha Arora, and Carolina Osorio. "On How Traffic Signals Impact the Fundamental Diagrams of Urban Roads." In 4th Symposium on Management of Future Motorway and Urban Traffic Systems. Technische Universität Dresden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2023.103.
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Being widely adopted by the transportation and planning practitioners, the fundamental diagram (FD) is the primary tool used to relate the key macroscopic traffic variables of speed, flow, and density. We empirically analyze the relation between vehicular space-mean speeds and flows given different signal settings and postulate a parsimonious parametric function form of the traditional FD where its function parameters are explicitly modeled as a function of the signal plan factors. We validate the proposed formulation using data from signalized urban road segments in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. The proposed formulation builds our understanding of how changes to signal settings impact the FDs, and more generally the congestion patterns, of signalized urban segments.
Reports on the topic "General traffic patterns"
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Kalambay, Panick, and Srinivas Pulugurtha. Exploring Traffic Speed Patterns for the Implementation of Variable Speed Limit (VSL) Signs. Mineta Transportation Institute, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2318.
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Traffic congestion is a prevalent issue during peak travel hours on roads in the United States. This study focuses on identifying suitable road links in Charlotte, North Carolina, for implementing variable speed limit (VSL) signs. Real-world traffic speed data collected over one year was analyzed to identify specific road links with favorable characteristics for VSL sign installations. The analysis considered weekdays, weekends, and specific times of the day to capture variations in speed patterns. The results revealed that roads with lower speed limits consistently experienced speeds exceeding the posted speed limits, suggesting additional enforcement or safety measures. For roads with higher speed limits, mean speeds were generally close to the speed limits, but the 85th percentile speeds exceeded them, indicating a potential need for speed management measures. Road links with a 45/50 mph speed limit display a unique pattern compared to other clusters. The mean speed on these roads decreases as the standard deviation increases. The findings contribute to understanding traffic speed patterns and provide valuable insights for transportation planning and management.