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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

IORIO, LORENZO. ""IMPRINTING" IN GENERAL RELATIVITY TESTS?" International Journal of Modern Physics D 20, no. 10 (September 2011): 1945–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271811019980.

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We investigate possible a priori "imprinting" of general relativity itself on spaceraft-based tests of it. We deal with some performed or proposed time-delay ranging experiments in the Sun's gravitational field. The "imprint" of general relativity on the Astronomical Unit and the solar gravitational constant GM⊙, not solved for in the spacecraft-based time-delay test performed so far, may induce an a priori bias of the order of 10-6 in typical solar system ranging experiments aimed to measuring the space curvature PPN parameter γ. It is too small by one order of magnitude to be of concern for the performed Cassini experiment, but it would affect future planned or proposed tests aiming to reach a 10-7–10-9 accuracy in determining γ.

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2

Turyshev, Slava G. "Experimental Tests of General Relativity." Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 58, no. 1 (November 2008): 207–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nucl.58.020807.111839.

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3

Will, Clifford M. "General Relativity confronts experiment." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 114 (1986): 355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900148387.

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We review the status of experimental tests of general relativity. These include tests of the Einstein Equivalence Principle, which requires that gravitation be described by a curved-spacetime, “metric” theory of gravity. General relativity is consistent with all tests to date, including the “classical tests”: light deflection using radio interferometers, radar time delay using Viking Mars landers, and the perihelion shift of Mercury; and tests of the strong equivalence principle, such as lunar laser ranging tests of the “Nordtvedt effect”, and tests for variations in G. We also review ten years of observations of the Binary Pulsar, in which the first evidence for gravitational radiation has been found.

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4

Keith, John Treschman. "Recent astronomical tests of general relativity." International Journal of Physical Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 30, 2015): 90–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijps2014.4236.

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5

Fomalont, E. B., and S. Kopeikin. "Radio interferometric tests of general relativity." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 3, S248 (October 2007): 383–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308019613.

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AbstractSince VLBI techniques produce a microarcsecond positional accuracy of celestial objects, tests of GR using radio sources as probes of a gravitational field have been made. We present the results from two recent tests using the VLBA: in 2005, the measurement of the classical solar deflection; and in 2002, the measurement of the retarded gravitational deflection associated with Jupiter. The deflection experiment measured γ to an accuracy of 3 × 10−4; the Jupiter experiment measured the retarded term to 20% accuracy. The controversy over the interpretation of the retarded term is summarized.

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6

Urani, John R., and Ronald W. Carlson. "Polar gyroscopic tests of general relativity." Physical Review D 31, no. 10 (May 15, 1985): 2672–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.31.2672.

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7

Damour, T. "Strong-field tests of general relativity." Classical and Quantum Gravity 10, S (December 1, 1993): S59—S66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/10/s/005.

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8

Leung, C. N. "Neutrino tests of general and special relativity." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 451, no. 1 (August 2000): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(00)00376-4.

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9

Stairs, I. H. "Binary pulsars and tests of general relativity." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S261 (April 2009): 218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921309990433.

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AbstractBinary pulsars are a valuable laboratory for gravitational experiments. Double-neutron-star systems such as the double pulsar provide the most stringent tests of strong-field gravity available to date, while pulsars with white-dwarf companions constrain departures from general relativity based on the difference in gravitational binding energies in the two stars. Future observations may open up entirely new tests of the predictions of general relativity.

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10

Schönenbach, Thomas, Gunther Caspar, Peter O. Hess, Thomas Boller, Andreas Müller, Mirko Schäfer, and Walter Greiner. "Experimental tests of pseudo-complex General Relativity." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 430, no. 4 (February 12, 2013): 2999–3009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt108.

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11

Yagi, Kent, and Leo C. Stein. "Black hole based tests of general relativity." Classical and Quantum Gravity 33, no. 5 (February 4, 2016): 054001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/33/5/054001.

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12

Uzan, Jean-Philippe. "Tests of general relativity on astrophysical scales." General Relativity and Gravitation 42, no. 9 (July 4, 2010): 2219–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10714-010-1047-8.

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13

Hohensee, Michael A., and Holger Müller. "Precision tests of general relativity with matter waves." Journal of Modern Optics 58, no. 21 (December 10, 2011): 2021–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500340.2011.606376.

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14

Fomalont, Ed, Sergei Kopeikin, Dayton Jones, Mareki Honma, and Oleg Titov. "Recent VLBA/VERA/IVS tests of general relativity." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S261 (April 2009): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921309990536.

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AbstractWe report on recent VLBA/VERA/IVS observational tests of General Relativity. First, we will summarize the results from the 2005 VLBA experiment that determined gamma with an accuracy of 0.0003 by measuring the deflection of four compact radio sources by the solar gravitational field. We discuss the limits of precision that can be obtained with VLBA experiments in the future. We describe recent experiments using the three global arrays to measure the aberration of gravity when Jupiter and Saturn passed within a few arcmin of bright radio sources. These reductions are still in progress, but the anticipated positional accuracy of the VLBA experiment may be about 0.01 mas.

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15

Carson, Zack, and Kent Yagi. "Multi-band gravitational wave tests of general relativity." Classical and Quantum Gravity 37, no. 2 (December 23, 2019): 02LT01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ab5c9a.

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16

Zuntz, Joe, Tessa Baker, Pedro G. Ferreira, and Constantinos Skordis. "Ambiguous tests of general relativity on cosmological scales." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2012, no. 06 (June 21, 2012): 032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2012/06/032.

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17

Lämmerzahl, Claus. "Quantum tests of the foundations of general relativity." Classical and Quantum Gravity 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/15/1/003.

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18

Cárdenas-Avendaño, Alejandro. "Thermal Accretion Disk Spectra Based Tests of General Relativity." Proceedings 17, no. 1 (November 5, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019017014.

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The continuous X-ray flux of stellar-mass black holes provides an excellent source of data to learn about the astrophysics of accretion disks and about the spacetime itself. The extraction of information, however, depends heavily on our ability to correctly model the astrophysics and the theory of gravity, and the quality of the data. By combining a relativistic ray-tracing and Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo sampling technique, I show that the incorporation of the spin parameter through a slowly-rotating approximation, is not able to break the complex degeneracies of the model and therefore, when introducing modifications beyond general relativity it is very challenging to perform tests of general relativity with this type of observations. As a particular case, I show that it not possible to distinguish the small-coupling, slow-rotation black hole solution of dynamical Chern–Simons gravity from the Kerr solution with current instruments.

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19

Böhmer, Christian G., Giuseppe De Risi, Tiberiu Harko, and Francisco S. N. Lobo. "Classical tests of general relativity in brane world models." Classical and Quantum Gravity 27, no. 18 (July 30, 2010): 185013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/27/18/185013.

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20

Kramer, M., I. H. Stairs, R. N. Manchester, M. A. McLaughlin, A. G. Lyne, R. D. Ferdman, M. Burgay, et al. "Tests of General Relativity from Timing the Double Pulsar." Science 314, no. 5796 (October 6, 2006): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1132305.

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21

Del Pozzo, W., and A. Vecchio. "On tests of general relativity with binary radio pulsars." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 462, no. 1 (June 14, 2016): L21—L25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slw116.

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22

Gai, M., A. Vecchiato, A. Riva, M. G. Lattanzi, A. Sozzetti, M. T. Crosta, and D. Busonero. "Astrometric tests of General Relativity in the Solar system." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 490 (March 11, 2014): 012240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/490/1/012240.

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23

Rahaman, F., Saibal Ray, M. Kalam, and M. Sarker. "Do Solar System Tests Permit Higher Dimensional General Relativity?" International Journal of Theoretical Physics 48, no. 11 (August 18, 2009): 3124–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10773-009-0110-2.

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24

Will, Clifford M. "The confrontation between general relativity and experiment." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S261 (April 2009): 198–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392130999038x.

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AbstractWe review the experimental evidence for Einstein's general relativity. A variety of high precision null experiments confirm the Einstein Equivalence Principle, which underlies the concept that gravitation is synonymous with spacetime geometry, and must be described by a metric theory. Solar system experiments that test the weak-field, post-Newtonian limit of metric theories strongly favor general relativity. Binary pulsars test gravitational-wave damping and aspects of strong-field general relativity. During the coming decades, tests of general relativity in new regimes may be possible. Laser interferometric gravitational-wave observatories on Earth and in space may provide new tests via precise measurements of the properties of gravitational waves. Future efforts using X-ray, infrared, gamma-ray and gravitational-wave astronomy may one day test general relativity in the strong-field regime near black holes and neutron stars.

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25

Uzan, Jean-Philippe. "Testing general relativity: from local to cosmological scales." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 369, no. 1957 (December 28, 2011): 5042–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0293.

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I summarize various tests of general relativity on astrophysical scales, based on the large-scale structure of the universe but also on other systems, in particular the constants of physics. I emphasize the importance of hypotheses on the geometric structures of our universe while performing such tests and discuss their complementarity as well as their possible extensions.

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26

Lavenda, B. H. "Three Tests of General Relativity as Short-wavelength Diffraction Phenomena." Journal of Applied Sciences 5, no. 2 (January 15, 2005): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2005.299.308.

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27

Turyshev, S. G. "Experimental tests of general relativity: recent progress and future directions." Physics-Uspekhi 52, no. 1 (January 31, 2009): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufne.0179.200901a.0003.

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28

Jetzer, Philippe. "General relativity tests with space clocks in highly elliptic orbits." International Journal of Modern Physics D 26, no. 05 (April 2017): 1741014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271817410140.

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The test of the Einstein Equivalence Principle (EEP) is of crucial importance as a deviation from it could hint to quantum effects in gravity or to unification with the other fundamental forces. One aspect of EEP is the local position invariance (LPI), which can be tested by measuring the gravitational red-shift. As an example of a possible space mission which could test the EEP, we will discuss a recently proposed satellite experiment, Einstein Gravitational RedShift Probe (E-GRIP), with the aim to test LPI using an hydrogen maser atomic clock on a highly elliptic orbit around Earth and compare the on-board clock to clocks located on Earth via a microwave link.

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29

Turyshev, V. G. "Experimental tests of general relativity: recent progress and future directions." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 179, no. 1 (2009): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0179.200901a.0003.

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30

Scheithauer, Silvia, Claus Lämmerzahl, Hansjörg Dittus, Stephan Schiller, and Achim Peters. "The OPTIS satellite – improved tests of Special and General Relativity." Aerospace Science and Technology 9, no. 4 (June 2005): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2005.03.002.

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31

WILL, CLIFFORD M. "THE CONFRONTATION BETWEEN GENERAL RELATIVITY AND EXPERIMENT: A 1992 UPDATE." International Journal of Modern Physics D 01, no. 01 (January 1992): 13–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271892000033.

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The status of experimental tests of general relativity and of theoretical frameworks for analysing them are reviewed. Einstein’s equivalence principle is well supported by experiments such as the Eötvös experiment, tests of special relativity, and the gravitational redshift experiment. Tests of general relativity have reached high precision, including the light deflection, the Shapiro time delay, the perihelion advance of Mercury, and the Nordtvedt effect in lunar motion. Gravitational wave damping has been detected to half a percent using the binary pulsar, and new binary pulsar systems promise further improvements. The status of the “fifth force” is discussed, along with the frontiers of experimental relativity, including proposals for testing relativistic gravity with advanced technology and spacecraft.

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32

Titov, O., A. Girdiuk, S. B. Lambert, J. Lovell, J. McCallum, S. Shabala, L. McCallum, et al. "Testing general relativity with geodetic VLBI." Astronomy & Astrophysics 618 (October 2018): A8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833459.

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Context. We highlight the capabilities of geodetic VLBI technique to test general relativity in the classical astrometric style, i.e. measuring the deflection of light in the vicinity of the Sun.Aims. In previous studies, the parameterγwas estimated by global analyses of thousands of geodetic VLBI sessions. Here we estimateγfrom a single session where the Sun has approached two strong reference radio sources, 0229+131 and 0235+164, at an elongation angle of 1–3°.Methods. The AUA020 VLBI session of 1 May 2017 was designed to obtain more than 1000 group delays from the two radio sources. The solar corona effect was effectively calibrated with the dual-frequency observations even at small elongation.Results. We obtainedγwith a greater precision (0.9 × 10−4) than has been obtained through global analyses of thousands of standard geodetic sessions over decades. Current results demonstrate that the modern VLBI technology is capable of establishing new limits on observational tests of general relativity.

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33

Castelvecchi, Davide. "Einstein unruffled: Relativity passes stringent new tests." Science News 172, no. 21 (September 30, 2009): 324–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scin.2007.5591722105.

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34

GRABER, JAMES. "A ROBUST TEST OF GENERAL RELATIVITY IN SPACE." International Journal of Modern Physics D 16, no. 12a (December 2007): 2319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271807011401.

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LISA may make it possible to test the black-hole uniqueness theorems of general relativity, also called the no-hair theorems, by Ryan's method of detecting the quadrupole moment of a black hole using high-mass-ratio inspirals. This test can be performed more robustly by observing inspirals in earlier stages, where the simplifications used in making inspiral predictions by the perturbative and post-Newtonian methods are more nearly correct. Current concepts for future missions such as DECIGO and BBO would allow even more stringent tests by this same method. Recently discovered evidence supports the existence of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs). Inspirals of binary systems with one IMBH and one stellar-mass black hole would fall into the frequency band of proposed maximum sensitivity for DECIGO and BBO. This would enable us to perform the Ryan test more precisely and more robustly. We explain why tests based on observations earlier in the inspiral are more robust and provide preliminary estimates of possible optimal future observations.

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35

Bell, J. F., and M. Bailes. "Distances to Binary Pulsars and Implications for Tests of General Relativity." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 160 (1996): 513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s025292110004224x.

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AbstractWe propose a new way to measure accurate distances and transverse velocities for some nearby binary pulsars. In many cases the distances will be more accurately determined than is possible by annual parallax, as the relative error decreases ast−5/2. We also note that tests of the general relativistic prediction of orbital period decay of nearby relativistic binary pulsars will be limited to accuracies of a few percent. Nevertheless, PSR B1534+12 observations are consistent with general relativistic predictions if the proper-motion contribution to the orbital period derivative is accounted for.

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36

Bull, Philip. "EXTENDING COSMOLOGICAL TESTS OF GENERAL RELATIVITY WITH THE SQUARE KILOMETRE ARRAY." Astrophysical Journal 817, no. 1 (January 19, 2016): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/0004-637x/817/1/26.

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37

Freire, Wilson H. C., V. B. Bezerra, and J. A. S. Lima. "LETTER: Cosmological Constant, Conical Defect and Classical Tests of General Relativity." General Relativity and Gravitation 33, no. 8 (August 2001): 1407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1012013809911.

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38

Uzan, Jean-Philippe. "Fundamental Constants and Tests of General Relativity—Theoretical and Cosmological Considerations." Space Science Reviews 148, no. 1-4 (April 23, 2009): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-009-9503-z.

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39

Iorio, Lorenzo. "A HERO for General Relativity." Universe 5, no. 7 (July 5, 2019): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe5070165.

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HERO (Highly Eccentric Relativity Orbiter) is a space-based mission concept aimed to perform several tests of post-Newtonian gravity around the Earth with a preferably drag-free spacecraft moving along a highly elliptical path fixed in its plane undergoing a relatively fast secular precession. We considered two possible scenarios—a fast, 4-h orbit with high perigee height of 1047 km and a slow, 21-h path with a low perigee height of 642 km . HERO may detect, for the first time, the post-Newtonian orbital effects induced by the mass quadrupole moment J 2 of the Earth which, among other things, affects the semimajor axis a via a secular trend of ≃4–12 cm yr − 1 , depending on the orbital configuration. Recently, the secular decay of the semimajor axis of the passive satellite LARES was measured with an error as little as 0 . 7 cm yr − 1 . Also the post-Newtonian spin dipole (Lense-Thirring) and mass monopole (Schwarzschild) effects could be tested to a high accuracy depending on the level of compensation of the non-gravitational perturbations, not treated here. Moreover, the large eccentricity of the orbit would allow one to constrain several long-range modified models of gravity and accurately measure the gravitational red-shift as well. Each of the six Keplerian orbital elements could be individually monitored to extract the G J 2 / c 2 signature, or they could be suitably combined in order to disentangle the post-Newtonian effect(s) of interest from the competing mismodeled Newtonian secular precessions induced by the zonal harmonic multipoles J ℓ of the geopotential. In the latter case, the systematic uncertainty due to the current formal errors σ J ℓ of a recent global Earth’s gravity field model are better than 1 % for all the post-Newtonian effects considered, with a peak of ≃ 10 − 7 for the Schwarzschild-like shifts. Instead, the gravitomagnetic spin octupole precessions are too small to be detectable.

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40

Ferreira, Pedro G. "Cosmological Tests of Gravity." Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 57, no. 1 (August 18, 2019): 335–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-091918-104423.

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Cosmological observations are beginning to reach a level of precision that allows us to test some of the most fundamental assumptions in our working model of the Universe. One such assumption is that gravity is governed by the theory of general relativity. In this review, we discuss how one might go about extending general relativity and how such extensions can be described in a unified way on large scales. This allows us to describe the phenomenology of modified gravity in the growth and morphology of the large-scale structure of the Universe. On smaller scales, we explore the physics of gravitational screening and how it might manifest itself in galaxies, clusters, and, more generally, in the cosmic web. We then analyze the current constraints from large-scale structure and conclude by discussing the future prospects of the field in light of the plethora of surveys currently being planned. Key results include the following: ▪ There are a plethora of alternative theories of gravity that are restricted by fundamental physics considerations. ▪ There is now a well-established formalism for describing cosmological perturbations in the linear regime for general theories of gravity. ▪ Gravitational screening can mask modifications to general relativity on small scales but may, itself, lead to distinctive signatures in the large-scale structure of the Universe. ▪ Current constraints on both linear and nonlinear scales may be affected by systematic uncertainties that limit our ability to rule out alternatives to general relativity. ▪ The next generation of cosmological surveys will dramatically improve constraints on general relativity, by up to two orders of magnitude.

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41

Iorio, Lorenzo. "A Priori “Imprinting” of General Relativity Itself on Some Tests of It?" Advances in Astronomy 2010 (2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/735487.

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We investigate the effect of possible a priori “imprinting” effects of general relativity itself on satellite/spacecraft-based tests of it. We deal with some performed or proposed time-delay ranging experiments in the sun's gravitational field. It turns out that the “imprint” of general relativity on the Astronomical Unit and the solar gravitational constant , not solved for in the so far performed spacecraft-based time-delay tests, induces an a priori bias of the order of in typical solar system ranging experiments aimed to measure the space curvature PPN parameter . It is too small by one order of magnitude to be of concern for the performed Cassini experiment, but it would affect future planned or proposed tests aiming to reach a accuracy in determining .

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42

Lämmerzahl, C., I. Ciufolini, H. Dittus, L. Iorio, H. Müller, A. Peters, E. Samain, S. Scheithauer, and S. Schiller. "OPTIS—An Einstein Mission for Improved Tests of Special and General Relativity." General Relativity and Gravitation 36, no. 10 (October 2004): 2373–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:gerg.0000046189.67068.dc.

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43

Casadio, R., J. Ovalle, and Roldão da Rocha. "Classical tests of general relativity: Brane-world Sun from minimal geometric deformation." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 110, no. 4 (May 1, 2015): 40003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/110/40003.

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44

Coakley, Jerry, Robert P. Flood, Ana M. Fuertes, and Mark P. Taylor. "Purchasing power parity and the theory of general relativity: the first tests." Journal of International Money and Finance 24, no. 2 (March 2005): 293–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2004.12.008.

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45

Ohta, T., and T. Kimura. "Coordinate independence of physical observables in the classical tests of general relativity." Il Nuovo Cimento B 106, no. 3 (March 1991): 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02759773.

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46

Paik, H. J. "Tests of general relativity in earth orbit using a superconducting gravity gradiometer." Advances in Space Research 9, no. 9 (January 1989): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(89)90006-9.

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47

Kennefick, Daniel, and Jeffrey Crelinsten. "Early solar eclipse images and tests of relativity." Physics Today 73, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.4625.

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48

Bender, Peter L. "Gravitational wave astronomy, relativity tests, and massive black holes." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S261 (April 2009): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921309990469.

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AbstractThe gravitational wave detectors that are operating now are looking for several kinds of gravitational wave signals at frequencies of tens of Hertz to kilohertz. One of these is mergers of roughly 10 M⊙ BH binaries. Sometime between now and about 8 years from now, it is likely that signals of this kind will be observed. The result will be strong tests of the dynamical predictions of general relativity in the high field regime. However, observations at frequencies below 1 Hz will have to wait until the launch of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), hopefully only a few years later. LISA will have 3 main objectives, all involving massive BHs. The first is observations of mergers of pairs of intermediate mass (100 to 105M⊙) and higher mass BHs at redshifts out to roughly z=10. This will provide new information on the initial formation and growth of BHs such as those found in most galaxies, and the relation between BH growth and the evolution of galactic structure. The second objective is observations of roughly 10 M⊙ BHs, neutron stars, and white dwarfs spiraling into much more massive BHs in galactic nuclei. Such events will provide detailed information on the populations of such compact objects in the regions around galactic centers. And the third objective is the use of the first two types of observations for testing general relativity even more strongly than ground based detectors will. As an example, an extreme mass ratio event such as a 10 M⊙ BH spiraling into a galactic center BH can give roughly 105 observable cycles during about the last year before merger, with a mean relative velocity of 1/3 to 1/2 the speed of light, and the frequencies of periapsis precession and Lense-Thirring precession will be high. The LISA Pathfinder mission to prepare for LISA is scheduled for launch in 2011.

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49

Carneiro, Carlos R. M., Cristina Furlanetto, and Ana L. Chies-Santos. "Constraining general relativity at z ∼ 0.299 MUSE Kinematics of SDP.81." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S359 (March 2020): 260–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392132000191x.

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AbstractGeneral Relativity has been successfully tested on small scales. However, precise tests on galactic and larger scales have only recently begun. Moreover, the majority of these tests on large scales are based on the measurements of Hubble constant (H0), which is currently under discussion. Collett et al. (2018) implemented a novel test combining lensing and dynamical mass measurements of a galaxy, which are connected by a γ parameter, and found γ=0.97±0.09, which is consistent with unity, as predicted by GR. We are carrying out this same technique with a second galaxy, SDP.81 at z=0.299, and present here our preliminary results.

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Tripathi, Ashutosh, Sourabh Nampalliwar, Askar B. Abdikamalov, Dimitry Ayzenberg, Cosimo Bambi, Thomas Dauser, Javier A. García, and Andrea Marinucci. "Toward Precision Tests of General Relativity with Black Hole X-Ray Reflection Spectroscopy." Astrophysical Journal 875, no. 1 (April 16, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab0e7e.

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