Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'General relativity tests'
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Swing, André. "Experimental Tests of General Relativity." Thesis, KTH, Teoretisk fysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-127006.
Full textDenna rapport handlar om Einsteins allmäna relativitetstori (GR), och mer specikt om tre tidiga experiment som kan testa dess giltlighet. Här behandlas avböjning av, och rödförskjutning av ljus i gravitationsfält, två nya fenomen som förutsägs av GR. Planeten merkurius periheliumprecession och hur GR bättre matchar observationer av den täcks också upp. Förutom dessa tre experiment, diskuteras också tillämpningen av GR i GPS-systemet, och hur det kan betraktas som ett test av GR. Några teoretiska frågor diskuteras också; bland annat jämförs klassisk fysik med GR och den klassiska gränsen till GR tas upp.
Baker, Theresa Mary. "Cosmological tests of general relativity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:dd5fda2f-d552-4130-839c-71c1a375ef49.
Full textCooney, Alan James. "Astrophysical Tests of Gravity Beyond General Relativity." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/294014.
Full textVarju, Katalin. "Quantum tests for non-inertial and general relativistic effects." Thesis, University of Kent, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322831.
Full textLoriani, Fard Sina Leon [Verfasser]. "Atom interferometry for tests of general relativity / Sina Leon Loriani Fard." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1220422223/34.
Full textWilson, Michael James. "Geometric and growth rate tests of General Relativity with recovered linear cosmological perturbations." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22866.
Full textFrye, Christopher. "Modification to Einstein's field equations imposed by string theory and consequences for the classical tests of general relativity." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/852.
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Feix, Martin. "Extragalactic and cosmological tests of gravity theories with additional scalar or vector fields." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1901.
Full textVan, Straten Willem Herman Bernadus, and straten@astron nl. "High-Precision timing and polarimeter of PSR JO437-4715." Swinburne University of Technology. School of Biophysical Sciences and electrical Engineering, 2003. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20040311.123754.
Full textBourgoin, Adrien. "Contraintes sur les violations à la symétrie de Lorentz par analyse des données de télémétrie laser Lune." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066481/document.
Full textGeneral Relativity (GR) and the standard model of particle physics provide a comprehensive description of the four interactions of nature. A quantum gravity theory is expected to merge these two pillars of modern physics. From unification theories, such a combination would lead to a breaking of fundamental symmetry appearing in both GR and the standard model of particle physics as the Lorentz symmetry. Lorentz symmetry violations in all fields of physics can be parametrized by an effective field theory framework called the standard-model extension (SME). Local Lorentz Invariance violations in the gravitational sector should impact the orbital motion of bodies inside the solar system, such as the Moon. Thus, the accurate lunar laser ranging (LLR) data can be analyzed in order to study precisely the lunar motion to look for irregularities. For this purpose, ELPN (Ephéméride Lunaire Parisienne Numérique), a new lunar ephemeris has been integrated in the SME framework. This new numerical solution of the lunar motion provides time series dated in temps dynamique barycentrique (TDB). Among that series, we mention the barycentric position and velocity of the Earth-Moon vector, the lunar libration angles, the time scale difference between the terrestrial time and TDB and partial derivatives integrated from variational equations. ELPN predictions have been used to analyzed LLR observations. In the GR framework, the residuals standard deviations has turned out to be the same order of magnitude compare to those of INPOP13b and DE430 ephemerides. In the framework of the minimal SME, LLR data analysis provided constraints on local Lorentz invariance violations. Spetial attention was paid to analyze uncertainties to provide the most realistic constraints. Therefore, in a first place, linear combinations of SME coefficients have been derived and fitted to LLR observations. In a second time, realistic uncertainties have been determined with a resampling method. LLR data analysis did not reveal local Lorentz invariance violations arising on the lunar orbit. Therefore, GR predictions are recovered with absolute precisions of the order of 10-9 to 10-12
Silva, Alex de Albuquerque. "Gravitação em branas com espessura: testes observacionais e alguns efeitos." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5750.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Theories of extra dimensions have been extensively studied in recent years with the original intention of solving the hierarchy problem. Among the models of extra dimensions we can mention the braneworld models, more precisely, the Randall-Sundrum model, which considers our universe as a brane embedded in an ambient space with an extra dimension of infinite size. The fundamental aspect of the brane models is that matter and fields are confined in a hypersurface and only gravity has access to all dimensions. Thus, observational tests involving gravity may provide a way of verifying the existence of extra dimensions. With this idea in mind, in this work, we find black hole solutions in a regularized version of a RSII type brane and then we consider two classical tests of general relativity to these solutions. We studied the in uence of transversal movement in the four-dimensional path of the particles. We note that the de ection of light and the time delay, in this scenario, depend on the energy ( frequency ) of the light signal and can, therefore, give rise to the phenomenon of gravitational rainbow. We also discuss a model of thick branes known as the split fermion model. In this model electrons and protons are located on di¤erent hypersurfaces of the brane. We found that, in the presence of a gravitational eld generated by a massive body, these particles will experience di¤erent four-dimensional geometries. This violation of the equivalence principle, from the viewpoint of four-dimensional observers, produces interesting phenomena as, for instance, the gravitational induction of an electric dipole in a hydrogen atom. We veri ed that the Hamiltonian that describes this e¤ect has the same form of the Stark Hamiltonian, i.e., H = ~A ~r, where the tidal acceleration ~A(due to the separation of electron and proton in the extra dimension) substitutes the electric eld and the reduced mass atom replaces the electric charge.
Teorias de dimensões extras têm sido amplamente estudadas nos últimos anos, com o intuito original de resolver o problema da hierarquia. Entre os modelos de dimensões extras podemos citar o modelo de branas Randal-Sundrum, que trata o nosso universo como uma brana imersa em um espaço ambiente com uma dimensão extra de comprimento infinito. O aspecto fundamental do cenário de branas é que a matéria e os campos estão confinados em uma hipersuperfície e, apenas, a gravidade tem acesso a todas as dimensões. Sendo assim, testes observacionais envolvendo a gravitação podem oferecer meios de se verificar a existência das dimensões extras. Com esta ideia em mente, neste trabalho, encontramos soluções de buracos negros em uma versão regularizada de uma brana (ou seja, com espessura) do tipo RSII e aplicamos, então, dois testes clássicos da relatividade geral para estas soluções de buracos negros, estudando a influência do movimento transversal nas trajetórias quadrimensionais das partículas. Constatamos que o desvio da luz e o atraso temporal, neste cenário, passam a depender da energia (frequência) do sinal luminoso, podendo, portanto, dar origem ao fenômeno de arco-íris gravitacional. Discutimos também um modelo de branas com espessura, conhecido como modelo de separação de férmions, formulado com o propósito de explicar a estabilidade do próton sem recorrer a algum tipo de simetria. Neste modelo, elétrons e prótons estão localizados em diferentes hipersuperfícies da brana. Verificamos que na presença de um campo gravitacional gerado por um corpo massivo, estas partículas irão sentir diferentes geometrias quadrimensionais. Esta aparente violação do princípio da equivalência, do ponto de vista de observadores quadrimensionais, produz interessantes fenômenos como, por exemplo, a indução, pela gravidade, de um dipolo elétrico em um átomo de Hidrogênio. Verificamos que a Hamiltoniana que descreve este efeito tem a mesma forma da Hamiltoniana de Stark, ou seja, H = ~A ~r, onde a aceleração de maré ~A (devido à separação de elétron e próton na dimensão extra) está no lugar do campo elétrico e a massa reduzida do átomo substitui a carga elétrica.
Mauro, Filho Sebastião. "Método perturbativo aplicado a gravidade de quarta ordem e a relatividade geral corrigida pelo grupo de renormalização." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2017. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/5526.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Nesta tese aplicamos o método perturbativo, em nível clássico, à Gravidade de Quarta Ordem e à Relatividade Geral estendida pelo Grupo de Renormalização (RGGR). Para explorar as perturbações métricas, na teoria da Gravidade de Quarta Ordem, nós usamos a formulação de campos auxiliares para uma métrica de fundo curva e arbitrária. O caso em que a métrica de fundo é Ricci-plano foi elaborada em detalhes. Notamos que o uso de campos auxiliares tornará a análise perturbativa mais simples e os resultados mais claros. Como uma aplicação, nós reconsideramos os resultados para a estabilidade do buraco negro de Schwarzschild e discutimos alguns avanços para o buraco negro de Kerr na Gravidade de Quarta Ordem. Nós também usamos o método perturbativo para explorar os limites newtoniano e pós-newtoniano de RGGR. No Sistema Solar, RGGR depende de um único parâmetro adimensional /9, e ele é tal que para /9 = 0 a Relatividade Geral é obtida. Para estudar o limite newtoniano fizemos uso da técnica de transformação conforme e da dinâmica do vetor de Laplace-Runge-Lenz (LRL). Isso nos permitiu estimar o limite superior de P dentro do Sistema Solar em dois casos: um quando é levado em conta o efeito de potencial externo e outro quando ele não é considerado. Anteriormente, foi encontrado que este parâmetro satisfaz o seguinte limite /9 < 10-21, quando o efeito de potencial externo é ignorado. Entretanto, como nós mostramos esse limite cresce cinco ordens de magnitude P < 10-16 quando tal efeito é considerado. Além disso, mostramos que para um certo limite, RGGR pode ser facilmente testada usando o formalismo parametrizado pós-newtoniano (PPN).
In this thesis we applied the perturbative method, on a classical level, to the fourth-order gravity and the Renormalization Group extended General Relativity (RGGR). We will consider auxiliary fields formulation for the general fourth-order gravity on an arbitrary curved back-ground to analyze the metric perturbations in this theory. The case of a Ricci-flat background was elaborated in detail. We noticed that the use of auxiliary fields helps to make the pertur-bative analysis easier and the results more clear. As an application we reconsider the stability problem of the Schwarzschild and Kerr black holes in the fourth-order gravity. We also used the perturbative method to develop the Newtonian and post-Newtonian limits of RGGR. In the Solar System, RGGR depends on a single dimensionless parameter 0, and this parameter is such that for 0 = 0 one fully recovers General Relativity in the Solar System. In order to study the Newtonian limit we used the conformal transformation technique and the dynamics of the Laplace-Runge-Lenz vector (LRL). In this way, we could estimate the upper bound for 0 within the Solar System in two case: the case where the external potential effect is considered and the another when it is not considered. Previously this parameter was constrained to be 0 < 10-21, without considering the external potential effect. However, as we showed, when such an effect is considered this bound increases by five orders of magnitude, O < 10-16. Moreover, we showed that under a certain approximation RGGR can be easily tested using the parametrized post-Newtonian (PPN) formalism.
Pereira, Thiago dos Santos. "Teoria inflacionária em universos anisotrópicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-02032009-151808/.
Full textIn this work we generalize the standard theory of cosmological perturbations to the case of homogeneous and anisotropic universes described by a Bianchi I spacetime metric. As an application of this theory we investigate the predictions of an inflationary anisotropic phase, both at the classical and quantum level. After discussing the evolution of the background spacetime, we solve and quantize the perturbation equations in order to predict the power spectra of the curvature perturbations and gravity waves at the end of inflation. Our results show that the main features of an early anisotropic phase are: (1) a dependence of the spectra on the direction of the modes, (2) a coupling between curvature perturbations and gravity waves, and (3) the fact that the two gravity waves polarisations do not share the same spectrum on large scales. All these effects are significant only on large scales and die out on small scales where isotropy is recovered. Finally, our results depend on a characteristic scale that can, but a priori does not have to, be tuned to some observable scale.
Cañizares, Martínez Priscil·la. "Extreme-Mass-Ratio Inspirals: Modelling and Test of an Alternative Theory of Gravity." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83955.
Full textExtreme-Mass-Ratio Inspirals (EMRIs) are binary systems which are made up of a Stellarmass Compact Object (SCO) orbiting around a Massive Black Hole (MBH) located in a galactic centre. These systems are one of the main sources of GWs for space-based detectors like the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). EMRIs emit long and complex GWs signals in the strong field regime of the MBHs, which encode the MBH structure. For this reason, EMRI GW signals are a valuable tool to study the MBHs located in the galactic centres and the science related with them. In this thesis, we study two different aspects of EMRIs, namely modelling and the parameter estimation of the system from their gravitational signals. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the modelling of EMRIs, to produce the GW waveforms needed for their detections. To that end, we have to know how the gravitational field of the SCO affects its own trajectory and deviates it from geodesic motion. In this regard, due to the extreme mass-ratio of the system, we can consider the SCO as a structureless particle orbiting in a geodesic of the exact MBH geometry. In this picture, the inspiral of the SCO around the MBH is described through the action of a local self-force, which alters the geodesic motion of the particle. However, the implementation of this mechanism presents several difficulties, mainly due to the point-like description of the SCO, which introduces Dirac delta distributions. This in practice means that one has to deal with very different spatial scales, one associated with the modelling of the SCO and another associated with the MBH. Moreover, the extreme mass ratio of these systems implies that we have to deal with two different time scales in the dynamics of the system, one associated with the orbital evolution of the SCO and another associated with the evolution of its orbit due to GW emission. We present a new method, which we call the Particle-without-Particle (PwP) method, that provides very efficient and accurate computations of the self-force in the time-domain, which makes our technique amenable for the intensive computations required in the astrophysically relevant scenarios. The key point of our scheme is that it does not need to resolve the SCO. Instead, we avoid its presence in the computational (multi-)domain by substituting the Dirac delta distributions by boundary conditions. Consequently, we have just to provide the numerical resolution to describe the field near the SCO, but not the SCO itself. In this way, the equations that we have to solve inside each subdomain are homogeneous wave-type equations for the fields. Consequently, all the problems related with the numerical resolution of a small scale disappear. The work we have presented here can be further improved in terms of computational time, and perhaps in accuracy, by exploring techniques to bring the outer boundaries closer to the particle without degrading the accuracy of the field values near it. This can be done either by improving the outgoing boundary conditions or by compactifying the physical domain. There are two more possibilities for making our computations faster, which are: (i) To reduce the time step of our numerical evolutions and, (ii) to parallelise our numerical code and use computers with many cores (although this does not decrease the CPU time). Since for a Schwarzschild MBH case, like the ones studied in this thesis, the different modes are not coupled, this is in principle a simple task. In addition, we can introduce Richardson extrapolation, to improve the estimations of the values of the self-force. These improvements can be perfectly applied to our framework and have significant potential to improve the efficiency of the computations. Since, the main goal of the formulation presented in this thesis is to develop an accurate and efficient method to compute the self-force in situations of physical interest. In particular, for systems of interest for the future observatory LISA. This means to extend these techniques for the gravitational case and for spinning MBHs. In this sense, we have to mention that while it is straightforward to transfer these techniques discussed here to the gravitational case, to do the same with the case of a spinning black hole may require new technical improvements which we will the subject of future investigations. In the second part of the thesis, we investigate whether we can use EMRI observations to test a particular theory of Gravity, namely Dynamical Chern-Simons Modified Gravity (DCSMG) theory. The idea is that the SCO orbits are deep inside the MBH gravitational potential, that is, EMRI systems emit GWs from the strong field region of the MBH. In this way, the shape and timing of the GWs emitted by the system have encoded the structure of the MBH spacetime and the way in which the characteristic frequencies of the system evolve. This information allows us to perform tests of GR and even of other theories of gravity, in particular, we have focused on the possibility of distinguishing between GR and Dynamical Chern Simons Modified Gravity (DCSMG). To that end, we have computed the waveforms emitted by an SCO orbiting in a MBH geometry which have been modified with CS corrections. The parameter estimation has been performed employing Fisher matrix analysis. First of all, we have studied a typical EMRI system in GR and we have found agreement between our results and previous ones found in the literature. Afterwards, we have performed parameter estimation studies to estimate the ability of LISA to distinguish between GR and DCSMG, in particular by estimating the CS parameter , which differentiates the DCSNG metric from the GR one. To that end, we have performed simulations of an EMRI system which falls in the sweet spot of the LISA sensitivity band and which has been evolved during the last six months before plunge. Our results indicates that for certain EMRI systems a detector like LISA may discriminate between GR and DCSMG. We have also seen that the error in estimating decreases with the MBH mass. In order to improve the present results, we would like to perform a more exhaustive study of the parameter space of EMRIs. In the future, we would like to address topics like to compare or estimate the errors that could arise using GR waveform templates to detect EMRIS in DCSMG. To that end, we should estimate the magnitude of the model errors. We would like to extend the study presented in this thesis to other GW detectors like, for instance, Intermediate-Mass-Ratio Inspirals (IMRIs) in the Einstein Telescope.
Luiz, Danilo Cardoso Rodrigues. "A complementaridade dos pensamentos narrativo e matemático na gestação da teoria da relatividade geral." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/81/81131/tde-11092015-143857/.
Full textThis work assumes that investigate the language and thoughts involved in scientific processes of creating, in the scientist process of interpretation facing the nature phenomena, can reveal how to work the science in the classroom so that the epistemological features of this knowledge are taken into account. Taking this into account, our work takes an epistemological perspective. When we think in high school, in particular, we have the indication that one of the difficulties faced by students is related to the formalization of scientific knowledge. This is even stronger in physics, which mathematics plays important role. But what is the epistemological role of mathematics to physics? The scientist is able to physically interpret nature only using formal languages and thoughts, especially structured by mathematics? Our hypothesis is that the answer to this question is negative. We find the psychologist Jerome Bruner ideas a way to send our discussion. From his ideas, and our longing to investigate whether thoughts and languages that are not strictly formal play an important role in building physics, raised the question: What is the role of narrative and mathematics in physical construction? To outline a possible answer to this question, we take as the context of our research some \"chapters\" of the construction of the General Theory of Relativity. Our investigation has shown that important thought experiments in the development of this theory were built from the narrative and mathematical thoughts. We understand that these two modes of thought presented in a complementary manner in the context studied.
Chirenti, Cecilia Bertoni Martha Hadler. "Perturbações de sistemas gravitacionais: a métrica de vaidya, mini buracos negros e gravastares." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-12092007-152702/.
Full textPerturbative studies of gravitational systems in General Relativity have gone through big developments in the last years, especially due to the evolution of the modern gravitational wave detectors. We consider in this work different perturbations in different scenarios. Firstly we consider the Vaidya metric, mainly used to describe time-dependent spherically symmetric spacetimes. Our simulations show that the frequencies of the quasinormal modes (QNM\'s) present a new inertial effect for rapidly varying mass functions, returning afterwards to the adiabatic behavior. Next we present a model for evaporating mini black holes in particle accelerators, in the context of the new gravity models with extra dimensions. With our model, based on the n-dimensional Vaidya metric, we are able to perform a QNM analysis which results in the possibility of obtaining the parameters of the black hole, such as its initial mass and the number of extra dimensions, from the experimental measurements. Finally, we present a study of a new solution, the gravastar, proposed as an alternative model for the end state of massive stars. We obtain bounds for the parameters of the solution and verify its stability against axial perturbations. Our results indicate that the gravastar\'s QNM spectrum can indeed be used to distinguish a black hole from a gravastar.
Neves, Juliano César Silva. "Buracos negros em universos brana com constante cosmológica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-25112008-114932/.
Full textWe found classes of static and spherically symmetric black hole solutions on the brane for a vacuum configuration, non-null cosmological constant, embedded into a 5-dimensional asymptotically anti-de Sitter bulk. In the asymptotically de Sitter case, the only solution obtained was the extreme Schwarzschild-de Sitter geometry. In the asymptotically anti-de Sitter case, a class of solutions was obtained where a particular geometry is fixed by a constant, C. We studied the behaviour of these solutions near and far from the horizon. Next, we studied the time evolution of a scalar field outside the black hole. For the effective potential as function of tortoise coordinate, the analytical results near the horizon agree with numerical calculations. The scalar field decays with time and the particular form of decay depends of the value for C. Thus, all solutions in the obtained class are stable.
Guariento, Daniel Carrasco. "Evolução de Buracos Negros Primordiais no Universo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-16092010-102755/.
Full textWe study the interaction between primordial black holes and the exotic dark matter and dark energy components which have been modeled to explain cosmological observations within the last decade. The interaction with different forms of scalar field dark energy, such as phantom energy, and quartessence models as the Chaplygin gas, together with the well-known interaction with the ordinary forms of matter and energy, provides important results and suggests unexpected behaviors on primordial black holes since their formation until the present time. Our analysis encompasses dynamical and thermodynamical aspects of black hole accretion and evaporation exploring the theory validity ranges and studying its behavior under the extreme conditions which arise from these new dark fluid models. Finally, our study progresses towards an evolution model based solely on the field equations, within a fully dynamical space-time in which we seek parallel descriptions with previous models, which use simplifying hypotheses. Our results provide a unified description of black hole evolution, in which the role of all components and their relation to each other are clear and easily identifiable. Along with the thermodynamical description, it is possible to make a comprehensive picture of the problem, capable of accommodating new models and furnish a deep understanding of black hole interaction with the cosmological environment.
Annibale, Eder Santana. "Espaços-tempos assintoticamente planos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45132/tde-06052007-191653/.
Full textIn this thesis, we investigate the mathematical basis of a new technique for relating two metrics on a given manifold that we propose to call anisotropic conformal rescaling and that has been used in the recent literature to give a new and more geometric de?nition of the notion of asymptotically ?at space-times in General Relativity.
Macedo, Rodrigo Panosso. "Emissão de ondas gravitacionais por fontes compactas: o regime não-linear." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-31032011-120147/.
Full textColliding black holes are one of the most important sources of gravitational waves and the anisotropic emission of the radiation generally causes the recoil of the final hole. This scenario has been known for decades, but it is only thanks to the recent progress in numerical relativity that the final velocity have been accurately computed. The values found can be large enough to play an important role in the growth of supermassive black holes via mergers of galaxies and on the number of galaxies containing them. This is a genuine nonlinear effect of general relativity and this thesis provides a new methodology to study some features on the dynamics of the collision. We propose that the horizon is a canonical screen, which encodes he information of its surroundings. With this assumption, phenomena such as the anti-kick, namely the sudden deceleration before reaching the final velocity, are explained in terms of the dissipation of the horizons deformation. We first study the Robinson-Trautman spacetime. One of the simplest solutions of Einsteins equations, it provides us with a powerful toymodel to investigate both the mass loss of the system and the recoil of the final object. We show that, for the case of reflectionsymmetric initial configurations, the mass of the remnant black-hole and the total energy radiated away are completely determined by the initial data, allowing us to obtain analytical expressions for some numerical results that had appeared in the literature. Moreover, by using the Galerkin spectral method to analyze the non-linear regime of the equations involved, we found that the recoil velocity can be estimated with good accuracy from some symmetry measures of the initial data. Then we introduce the effective urvature as a measure of intrinsic deformations on the horizon. Not only does it account for overall deformation, but also for the differences on the north and south hemispheres. In the Robinson-Trautman spacetime, this quantity correlates in an injective way with the final velocity. To overcome some caveats of this solutions, we apply the same procedure to the results given by numerical simulations of a head-on collision. In the case, the effective curvature is actually correlated with the acceleration of the system. Further improvement and generalizations of this technic is also discussed and proposed for future work.
Couto, Ivo Terek. "Caracterizações de subvariedades marginalmente aprisionadas em formas espaciais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45131/tde-04042018-132823/.
Full textIn this work, we study the submanifolds of pseudo-Riemannian space forms M^n_v(c) with lightlike mean curvature vector, called marginally trapped, exploring the relations of this condition (motivated by Physics) with several other assumptions of geometric character, such as \\lambda-isotropy, presence of relative nullity and invariance by a certain group of Lorentz transformations. In particular, we prove several ridigity and classification results for marginally trapped surfaces in Lorentz-Minkowski space L^4, de Sitter space S^4_1 and anti-de Sitter space H^4_1 in these settings, adapting and generalizing results from several papers.
Dias, Rafael Guolo. "Formulações alternativas da relatividade geral: da geometrodinâmica à estrutura de Gauge de Ashtekar-Barbero." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76131/tde-29082011-102242/.
Full textWe develop here a study of the alternative-equivalent formulations of General Relativity, based on Ashtekars connexion formalism. We begin discussing the mathematical structure needed of fibre bundles and connexions, and the theory of constrained Hamiltonian systems. Next, we give a brief introduction for Einsteins metric formalism and then we pass to the canonical geometrodynamic formalism (ADM formalism). We introduce the transformations of the phase space which generate the alternative formulations, in a generalized form such that we can obtain both Ashtekars complex variables or Barberos real variables, or even any intermediary form by using the Immirzzi parameter.
Lenoir, Benjamin. "Accéléromètre électrostatique à biais corrigé pour le test de la loi de gravitation à l'échelle du Système Solaire." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00736620.
Full textBrandão, Rafael Ribeiro. "Halos de matéria escura e campos escalares." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-27042009-085542/.
Full textNearly twenty five percent of the energetic content of the universe appears in a form that is still unknown and is named dark matter. Since the first speculations about its existence (Zwicky ~1933), many models have been proposed trying to justify all the observed data but, until now, none of them has been able to solve this problem. In this monography, we will present a brief discussion about these models and propose a new one, based on the idea that both dark matter and dark energy could be the Born Infeld scalar field.
Oliveira, Jéferson de. "Perturbação de spin zero no espaço-tempo de Kerr-Randall-Sundrum." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-22052009-192805/.
Full textThis dissertation aims at studying the braneworld models in the context proposed by Randall and Sundrum. The focus is on the spin-0 perturbations in the Kerr space-time as a 4- dimensional braneworld. The work deals the main aspects of Einstein General Relativity as well as perturbations of black holes metrics. We also review the Randall-Sundrum models and their motivations and attempts to describe braneworld black holes. In the end the Kerr-Randall-Sundrum black string scalar perturbation and superradiance are obtained.
Elias, Walace de Sousa. "Termodinâmica em sistemas gravitacionais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-29052017-150133/.
Full textThe thermodynamic properties related to a gas composed of bosonic particles in spherically symmetrical geometries are presented in this work. Using the formalism proposed by Ishibashi and Kodama, we have seen that the equations of motion associated to the scalar and electromagnetic fields can be reduced to a Schrödinger-like equation. For some spherically symmetrical solutions it has been demonstrated that the energy spectrum associated with the particles is discretized. In particular, when we considered lightspheres, surfaces where photons are confined in closed orbits, we propose a quantization procedure for the bosonics particles. In this treatment, it is presented an expression for the spectral energy density of the emmited radiation. Our results suggest that lightspheres thermalized with its environment, have unusual thermodynamical properties. When taken into account the presence of the negative cosmological constant, it has been shown that, besides a discretized energy spectrum, the geometry has a confining behavior and can be interpreted as a finite size box. Considering a gas of bosonic particles confined in the anti-Sitter geometry, we obtained the associated thermodynamics quantities such as internal energy, entropy and pressure. For the internal energy, in the low temperatures limit, we observe a different behavior from the usual one.
Teodoro, Matheus do Carmo. "Perturbations of black holes pierced by cosmic strings." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76131/tde-05062018-104405/.
Full textO atual interesse em ondas gravitacionais, justificado pelas detecções diretas feitas pela colaboração LIGO recentemente, está abrindo a excitante possibilidade de responder várias questões a respeito da Relatividade Geral em condições estremas. Uma dessas questões é se buracos negros são – realmente – totalmente discritos apenas por sua massa, carga e momento angular ou se eles podem ter os chamados cabelos de longo alcance adicionais. Nosso projeto se preocupa em responder esta pergunta. Nosso objetivo está em estudar a influência de uma estrutura adicional no horizonte de eventos de um buraco negro através do comportamento da equação linearizada de Einstein quando a solução é perturbada. Mais precisamente, nós estudaremos a solução de Schwarzschild atravessada por uma corda cósmica infinitamente fina, tal corda faz com que o espaço-tempo tenha um hiato angular em seu plano equatorial. Acredita-se que modos quasi-normais dominem a emissão de ondas gravitacionais durante a fase de ringing down de buracos negros excitados que podem, por exemplo, se originar da colisão de objetos ultra compactos, portanto perturbações lineares podem ser consideradas. Com o advento da astronomia através de ondas gravitacionais o estudo proposto será importante para que se possa reconstruir a origem de sinais detectados.
Teixeira, Danilo Morales. "Núcleos de galáxias ativos: propriedades em escalas de parsec e kilo-parsec." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14131/tde-28032015-204930/.
Full textIn this work we studied the dynamics of twisted thin and thick disks to better understand how the warp propagates in these discs. In the case of thin discs, we studied the physics of the Bardeen-Petterson effect and we applied this model to explain the shape of the jet in both parsec and kilo-parsec scales of the galaxy NGC 1275. We found that the Bardeen-Petterson effect could explain very well the shape of the jet and with that we derived the disc parameters such as its radius, the values of the kinematic azimutal and vertical viscosities, the power-law of the surface density and the spin of the black hole. To better understand the physics of such discs, we have performed GRMHD simulations of moderatelly thin tilted disks to study the evolution of the tilt angle between the angular momentum of the accretion disk and black hole and also the twist angle which is associated with the precession of the disc. We found that when the accretion disc and the black hole are rotating in the same direction, the tilt angle showed an oscillatory behavior in the inner parts of the disk while in the outer parts it remained constant in agreement with the theorical modelos. However, when both rotate in the opposite direction, we found for the very first time in a GRMHD simulation, evidences of alignment of 10\\% of the tilt angle. Besides that, we prove for the first time in a GRMHD simulation that the stress is far from being isotropic. Using a semi-analitic model, we compared the results of our simulations with this model, using the datas of the untilted simulations as inputs and we found the same behaviors found in the simulations even in prograde case as in the retrograde case showing that the alignment is due to bending waves.
Villaverde-Custódio, Felipe Augusto. "A matriz S em teoria quântica de campos em espaços curvos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-11062012-105359/.
Full textThis master\'s thesis deals with the effect of particle creation by the curvature of space-time according to the point of view of scattering theory, discussing when such interpretation is possible by means of an S-matrix and obtaining its expression in those cases. The first chapter treats, superficially, some concepts of general relativity and quantum field theory in plane and curved space-times that are imperative to understand the construction of the S-matrix. The subject of this chapter is covered in the work of Wald, Parker, and Birrell, and follows closely the work of Bar, Wald and Hawking, when treats concepts specifically from general relativity, and from Penrose and Rindler, when talking about the spinor structure of space-time. The construction of the S-matrix is made in the second chapter, along the lines of the work of Wald. The third chapter presents some examples that bring some light on the creation of particles in specific cases of expanding space-times. This study let us verify that an S-matrix formulation is tenable, on globally hyperbolic asymptotic stationary curved space-times, if both quantum theories in the distant past and distant future are unitary equivalent, the relation of both regions is made by Bogolyubov transformations by means of everywhere defined bounded operators and that those operators satisfy the Hilbert-Schmidt condition. In those cases we derive the expression of the S-matrix for the Klein-Gordon and Dirac fields. Also we obtain the number of particles created and the probability of find particles in a particular mode, with let one make an analogy with the black body radiation, which is a fundamental step in the direction of understanding interesting phenomena in quantum field theory in curved space-times, like the Hawking radiation and particle creation in the early universe.
Campos, Lissa de Souza. "Os teoremas de singularidade valem se considerarmos efeitos quânticos?" Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-03122018-144411/.
Full textThere are two quantum loopholes in the Singularity Theorems of General Relativity: violations of the classical energy conditions and quantum fluctuations of the spacetime geometry. In this dissertation, we study the first loophole and approach Singularity Theorems through the energy condition. We review the algebraic approach of Quantum Field Theory for the Klein-Gordon field and, within it, we review the derivation of a quantum energy inequality for Hadamard states on globally hyperbolic spacetimes. However quantum energy inequalities cannot be directly applied to Singularity Theorems, we show that generalized Hawking and Penrose Theorems are proven considering weakened energy conditions inspired by them. Hence, Singularity Theorems do hold under subtle quantum effects. The question of whether interaction or backreaction effects could break them is still open; there are reasons to expect both answers.
Hee, Sonke. "Computational Bayesian techniques applied to cosmology." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273346.
Full textRibeiro, Pedro Lauridsen. "Aspectos estruturais e dinâmicos da correspondência AdS/CFT: Uma abordagem rigorosa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-14012008-131931/.
Full textWe elaborate a detailed study of certain aspects of (a version of) the AdS/CFT correspondence, conjectured by Maldacena and Witten, between quantum field theories in a gravitational background given by an asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AAdS) spacetime, and conformally covariant quantum field theories in the latter\'s conformal infinity (in the sense of Penrose), aspects such that: (a) are independent from (the pair of) specific models in Quantum Field Theory, and (b) susceptible to a recast in a mathematically rigorous mould. We adopt as a starting point the theorem demonstrated by Rehren in the context of Local Quantum Physics (also known as Algebraic Quantum Field Theory) in anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetimes, called algebraic holography or Rehren duality. The main body of the present work consists in extending Rehren\'s result to a reasonably general class of d-dimensional AAdS spacetimes (d>3), scrutinizing how the properties of such an extension are weakened and/or modified as compared to AdS spacetime, and probing how non-trivial gravitational effects manifest themselves in the conformal infinity\'s quantum theory. Among the obtained results, we quote: not only does the imposition of reasonably general conditions on bulk null geodesics (whose plausibility we justify through geometrical rigidity techniques) guarantee that our generalization is geometrically consistent with causality, but it also allows a ``holographic\'\' reconstruction of the bulk topology in the absence of horizons and singularities; the implementation of conformal symmetries in the boundary, which we explicitly associate to an intrinsically constructed family of bulk asymptotic isometries, have a purely asymptotic character and is dynamically attained through a process of return to equilibrium, given suitable boundary conditions at infinity; gravitational effects may cause obstructions to the reconstruction of the bulk quantum theory, either by making the latter trivial in sufficiently small regions or due to the existence of multiple inequivalent vacua, which on their turn lead to the existence of solitonic excitations localized around domain walls, similar to D-branes. The proofs make extensive use of global Lorentzian geometry. The language employed for the quantum theories relevant for our generalization of Rehren duality follows the functorial formulation of Local Quantum Physics due to Brunetti, Fredenhagen and Verch, extended afterwards by Sommer in order to incorporate boundary conditions. (An English translation of the full text can be found at arXiv:0712.0401)
Lima, William Couto Corrêa de. "Análogos de gravitação semi-clássica em física da matéria condensada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76131/tde-07042008-201206/.
Full textThis dissertation has as object of study systems of condensate-matter physics which can simulate gravitational systems like black holes and expanding universes where quantum processes take place. In this study we lay attention mainly on the fluid model and on Bose-Einstein-condensate-based models. In the fluid model we explore the features of the emergent geometry and other problems like the back-reaction and the trans-planckian modes of quantum fields. In the condensate-based models we explore their cosmological aspects and the possibility for massive fields. Moreover, we shall present two other models, the elastic string and the surface-wave-based models in fluids, and a very general analysis based on the Lagrangean formalism for fields.
Sebastianutti, Marco. "Geodesic motion and Raychaudhuri equations." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18755/.
Full textCaprez, Adam Preston. "Tests of the Aharonov-Bohm effect." 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1694329131&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=14215&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textTitle from title screen (site viewed June 26, 2009). PDF text: x, 153 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 9 Mb. UMI publication number: AAT 3350442. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.
Mathur, Sudhi. "Gravitational Wave Polarizations: A Test of General Relativity Using Binary Black Hole Mergers." Thesis, 2020. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/13851/8/Sudhi_thesis.pdf.
Full textGeneral Relativity predicts that gravitational radiation is purely tensor polarized and thus, gravitational waves are composed of linear combinations of two transverse polarization modes, referred to as plus (+) and cross (×) tensor modes. However, alternate gravitational theories predict the existence of up to four additional vector and scalar longitudinal GW polarization modes.
In this thesis, we develop a test of the gravitational wave (GW) polarization prediction of general relativity by searching for small admixtures of vector and/or scalar polarization components in transient GWs from binary black hole mergers. We use a network of five non-co-oriented GW detectors available in the near future, Bayesian inference parameter estimation, and nested sampling to quantify the detection sensitivity for such non-tensor GW polarization components.