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1

Was Einstein right?: Putting general relativity to the test. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.

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2

Will, Clifford M. Was Einstein right?: Putting general relativity to the test. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.

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3

Was Einstein right?: Putting general relativity to the test. New York: Basic Books, 1986.

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4

Was Einstein right?: Putting general relativity to the test. 2nd ed. New York, NY: BasicBooks, 1993.

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5

Will, Clifford M. Was Einstein right?: Putting general relativity to the test. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press, 1990.

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6

Carlip, Steven. General Relativity. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822158.001.0001.

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This work is a short textbook on general relativity and gravitation, aimed at readers with a broad range of interests in physics, from cosmology to gravitational radiation to high energy physics to condensed matter theory. It is an introductory text, but it has also been written as a jumping-off point for readers who plan to study more specialized topics. As a textbook, it is designed to be usable in a one-quarter course (about 25 hours of instruction), and should be suitable for both graduate students and advanced undergraduates. The pedagogical approach is “physics first”: readers move very quickly to the calculation of observational predictions, and only return to the mathematical foundations after the physics is established. The book is mathematically correct—even nonspecialists need to know some differential geometry to be able to read papers—but informal. In addition to the “standard” topics covered by most introductory textbooks, it contains short introductions to more advanced topics: for instance, why field equations are second order, how to treat gravitational energy, what is required for a Hamiltonian formulation of general relativity. A concluding chapter discusses directions for further study, from mathematical relativity to experimental tests to quantum gravity.
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7

Vasilis A. Pantoulis (Left of Team ) Apostolos Zafiropoulos,Kostas Pardalis,John Liakos Antonis Giakouvis (The Team of Relativity / Larissa 1973). Experimental Tests Of General Relativity Of A. Einstein (Greek Text). Tekdotiki, 1997.

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8

Wittman, David M. The Elements of Relativity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199658633.001.0001.

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Relativity is a set of remarkable insights into the way space and time work. The basic notion of relativity, first articulated by Galileo, explains why we do not feel Earth moving as it orbits the Sun and was successful for hundreds of years. We present thinking tools that elucidate Galilean relativity and prepare us for the more modern understanding. We then show how Galilean relativity breaks down at speeds near the speed of light, and follow Einstein’s steps in working out the unexpected relationships between space and time that we now call special relativity. These relationships give rise to time dilation, length contraction, and the twin “paradox” which we explain in detail. Throughout, we emphasize how these effects are tightly interwoven logically and graphically. Our graphical understanding leads to viewing space and time as a unified entity called spacetime whose geometry differs from that of space alone, giving rise to these remarkable effects. The same geometry gives rise to the energy?momentum relation that yields the famous equation E = mc2, which we explore in detail. We then show that this geometric model can explain gravity better than traditional models of the “force” of gravity. This gives rise to general relativity, which unites relativity and gravity in a coherent whole that spawns new insights into the dynamic nature of spacetime. We examine experimental tests and startling predictions of general relativity, from everyday applications (GPS) to exotic phenomena such as gravitomagnetism, gravitational waves, Big Bang cosmology, and especially black holes.
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9

Kennefick, Daniel. Three and a Half Principles: The Origins of Modern Relativity Theory. Edited by Jed Z. Buchwald and Robert Fox. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696253.013.27.

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This article explores the origins of modern relativity theory. In his 1905 paper On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies, Albert Einstein directly addressed one of the largest issues of the time. Electrodynamics aims to describe the motion of charged particles (usually thought of as electrons), whose interaction through the electromagnetic field, as described by Maxwell’s equations, affects their respective motions. The problem was so complex because the electromagnetic field theory was not an action-at-a-distance theory. This article begins with an overview of the principle of relativity and of the constancy of the speed of light, followed by a discussion on the relativity of simultaneity, the mass–energy equivalence, and experimental tests of special relativity. It also examines the principle of equivalence, the concepts of spacetime curvature and general covariance, and Mach’s principle. Finally, it considers experimental predictions of general relativity.
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10

Tod, K. P., and L. P. Hughston. An Introduction to General Relativity (London Mathematical Society Student Texts). Cambridge University Press, 1991.

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11

Tod, K. P., and L. P. Hughston. An Introduction to General Relativity (London Mathematical Society Student Texts). Cambridge University Press, 1991.

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12

Special Relativity in General Frames Graduate Texts in Physics. Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH &, 2013.

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13

Willis, Clifford M. Was Einstein Right?: Putting General Relativity to the Test. Basic Books, 1988.

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14

Rindler, Wolfgang. Essential Relativity: Special, General, and Cosmological (Texts and Monographs in Physics). 2nd ed. Springer, 1997.

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15

Straumann, Norbert. General Relativity and Relativistic Astrophysics (Texts and Monographs in Physics). Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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16

Partial Differential Equations in General Relativity (Oxford Graduate Texts in Mathematics). Oxford University Press, USA, 2008.

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17

Rendall, Alan. Partial Differential Equations in General Relativity (Oxford Graduate Texts in Mathematics). Oxford University Press, USA, 2008.

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18

Gourgoulhon, Éric. Special Relativity in General Frames: From Particles to Astrophysics (Graduate Texts in Physics). Springer, 2013.

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19

Peebles, P. J. E. Principles of Physical Cosmology. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691209814.001.0001.

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This book is the essential introduction to this critical area of modern physics, written by a leading pioneer who has shaped the course of the field for decades. The book provides an authoritative overview of the field, showing how observation has combined with theory to establish the science of physical cosmology. The book presents the elements of physical cosmology, including the history of the discovery of the expanding universe; surveys the cosmological tests that measure the geometry of space-time, with a discussion of general relativity as the basis for these tests; and reviews the origin of galaxies and the large-scale structure of the universe. Now featuring the author's 2019 Nobel lecture, the book remains an indispensable reference for students and researchers alike.
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20

Naber, Gregory L. Spacetime and Singularities: An Introduction (London Mathematical Society Student Texts). Cambridge University Press, 1989.

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21

Naber, Gregory L. Spacetime and Singularities: An Introduction (London Mathematical Society Student Texts). Cambridge University Press, 1989.

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22

Maggiore, Michele. Gravitational Waves. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198570899.001.0001.

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A comprehensive and detailed account of the physics of gravitational waves and their role in astrophysics and cosmology. The part on astrophysical sources of gravitational waves includes chapters on GWs from supernovae, neutron stars (neutron star normal modes, CFS instability, r-modes), black-hole perturbation theory (Regge-Wheeler and Zerilli equations, Teukoslky equation for rotating BHs, quasi-normal modes) coalescing compact binaries (effective one-body formalism, numerical relativity), discovery of gravitational waves at the advanced LIGO interferometers (discoveries of GW150914, GW151226, tests of general relativity, astrophysical implications), supermassive black holes (supermassive black-hole binaries, EMRI, relevance for LISA and pulsar timing arrays). The part on gravitational waves and cosmology include discussions of FRW cosmology, cosmological perturbation theory (helicity decomposition, scalar and tensor perturbations, Bardeen variables, power spectra, transfer functions for scalar and tensor modes), the effects of GWs on the Cosmic Microwave Background (ISW effect, CMB polarization, E and B modes), inflation (amplification of vacuum fluctuations, quantum fields in curved space, generation of scalar and tensor perturbations, Mukhanov-Sasaki equation,reheating, preheating), stochastic backgrounds of cosmological origin (phase transitions, cosmic strings, alternatives to inflation, bounds on primordial GWs) and search of stochastic backgrounds with Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTA).
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23

Wittman, David M. Beyond the Schwarzschild Metric. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199658633.003.0019.

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General relativity explains much more than the spacetime around static spherical masses.We briefly assess general relativity in the larger context of physical theories, then explore various general relativistic effects that have no Newtonian analog. First, source massmotion gives rise to gravitomagnetic effects on test particles.These effects also depend on the velocity of the test particle, which has substantial implications for orbits around black holes to be further explored in Chapter 20. Second, any changes in the sourcemass ripple outward as gravitational waves, and we tell the century‐long story from the prediction of gravitational waves to their first direct detection in 2015. Third, the deflection of light by galaxies and clusters of galaxies allows us to map the amount and distribution of mass in the universe in astonishing detail. Finally, general relativity enables modeling the universe as a whole, and we explore the resulting Big Bang cosmology.
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24

Studd, J. P. Everything, more or less. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719649.001.0001.

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Almost no systematic theorizing is generality-free. Scientists test general hypotheses; set theorists prove theorems about every set; metaphysicians espouse theses about all things regardless of their kind. But how general can we be? Do we ever succeed in theorizing about ABSOLUTELY EVERYTHING in some interestingly final, all-caps-worthy sense of ‘absolutely everything’? Not according to generality relativism. In its most promising form, this kind of relativism maintains that what ‘everything’ and other quantifiers encompass is always open to expansion: no matter how broadly we may generalize, a more inclusive ‘everything’ is always available. The importance of the issue comes out, in part, in relation to the foundations of mathematics. Generality relativism opens the way to avoid Russell’s paradox without imposing ad hoc limitations on which pluralities of items may be encoded as a set. On the other hand, generality relativism faces numerous challenges: What are we to make of seemingly absolutely general theories? What prevents our achieving absolute generality simply by using ‘everything’ unrestrictedly? How are we to characterize relativism without making use of exactly the kind of generality this view foreswears? This book offers a sustained defence of generality relativism that seeks to answer these challenges. Along the way, the contemporary absolute generality debate is traced through diverse issues in metaphysics, logic, and the philosophy of language; some of the key works that lie behind the debate are reassessed; an accessible introduction is given to the relevant mathematics; and a relativist-friendly motivation for Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory is developed.
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25

Rabinowitz, Avi. Warped Spacetime, the Einstein Equations, and the Expanding Universe: A Calculus-based Introduction to General Relativity (Undergraduate Texts in Contemporary Physics). Springer, 2009.

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26

Jenks, Peter, and Sharon Rose. Documenting Raising and Control in Moro. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190256340.003.0010.

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This chapter details classes of raising and control predicates in Moro and the different types of clausal complements for which these predicates select. It is demonstrated that Moro allows raising from both finite and non-finite complement clauses, while control predicates select only non-finite complements, including infinitival clauses and gerunds. Putative finite complements of control predicates are shown to be instances of No Control. In addition, the chapter examines the distribution of different classes of control and raising predicates relative to each other in order to motivate an articulated clausal structure for Moro. More generally, this chapter stands as a proof-of-concept that relatively simple diagnostic tests can be employed during linguistic elicitation to distinguish control from raising constructions. It is suggested that such tests comprise an essential component of linguistic documentation.
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27

Gerard, McMeel. Part I The General Part, 6 Standard Form Contracts, Public Policy, and the Realms of Strict Construction and Strict Compliance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198755166.003.0006.

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This chapter introduces standard form contracts and the issues of construction to which they give rise. Such documents contain all species of contractual terms. However, in standard contractual texts the focus tends to be on exemption clauses, which have generated a great wealth of case law. The concern about standard forms generally and exemption clauses in particular is that they may not reflect a genuine bargain where the terms are drafted or chosen by one of the parties and are proffered on a ‘take-it-or-leave-it’ basis. This is particularly true of business-to-consumer dealings. However that stereotype of standard forms has been resisted where it is clear that both parties are commercial actors of relatively equal bargaining power.
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28

Farriss, Nancy. The Word of God. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190884109.003.0008.

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Sermons and elaborated catechisms provided a comprehensive survey of the precepts and practices that the new Christians were obliged to follow. Discourse analysis of sixteenth-century doctrinal literature, primarily Dominican, in Spanish as well as bilingual texts, reveals a generally negative message that was addressed to the Indians. Relatively little attention was paid to the offer of salvation; instead the texts were intent on condemning the Indians’ traditional religion as “idolatry” and on warning the Indians against the triple threat of man’s inclination to sin, the snares set for him by the devil, and the likelihood of eternal damnation in hell, to which their ancestors had already been consigned.
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29

Amico, Stephen. Phantom Faggots. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038273.003.0003.

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This chapter examines a seeming contradiction in post-Soviet Russian popular musics: the existence of widespread homophobia and the relatively large number of popular music performers whose sexual orientation has been questioned, both by those in the general public and the (yellow) press. Focusing on the work of three male performers—singers Boris Moiseev, Valerii Leont'ev, and Andrei Danilko (who assumes the drag persona Verka Serdiuchka)—the chapter analyzes the ways in which certain texts of theirs may be read as suggesting male–male sexuality. To situate historically and corporeally, and help explain, this contemporary efflorescence of relatively visible/audible homosexuality, the chapter considers the phenomenon of the phantom limb. More specifically, it explores how homosexuality, through its gendered connections to disease and infection, is viewed as a danger. Finally, it discusses the persistence of stereotypical gender roles in the post-Soviet era, and particularly the ways that masculinity is linked to the male and femininity to the female.
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30

Rez, Peter. Electrical Power Generation: Renewables—Solar and Wind. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802297.003.0007.

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Solar and wind power have low power densities. Large areas will be required to generate the electrical energy that we are using right now. These energy sources are intermittent, although sunshine is reasonably predictable in desert climates. Even in these ideal locations, fixed rooftop PV can only be used to meet a relatively small proportion of total electrical demand. Solar thermal with molten salt storage has a higher efficiency, and can better match electrical demands in these places. For wind turbines to generate their advertised or rated power, winds have to be blowing at about 12 m/sec (20 kt or 24 mph). In the United States, except in mountain passes and the Texas panhandle, this does not appear to happen very often. A simple test of whether a given renewable energy source is practical is to check whether it can meet the electrical demands of a single house.
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31

Albert, Craig Douglas. Teaching International Relations Theory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.312.

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International relations (IR) theory is favorably described in almost every syllabus since 1930. The most important questions asked were: “What is theory?” and “Is there a reason for IR theory?” The most widely used texts all focus on the first question and suggest, among others, that IR theory is “a way of making the world or some part of it more intelligible or better understood.” We can gauge where the teaching of IR theory is today by analyzing a sample of syllabi from IR scholars serving on the Advisory Board of the International Studies Association’s (ISA) Compendium Project. These syllabi reveal some trends. Within the eight undergraduate syllabi, for example, a general introduction to IR theory is taught in four separate classes. Among the theories discussed in different classes are realism, classical realism, neo-realism, Marxism and neo-Marxism, world-systems theory, imperialism, constructivism, and international political economy. Novel methods for teaching IR theory include the use of films, active learning, and experiential learning. The diversity of treatments of IR theory implied by the ISA syllabi provides evidence that, with the exception of the proliferation of perspectives, relatively little has changed since the debates of the late 1930s. The discipline lacks much semblance of unity regarding whether, and how, to offer IR theory to students. Nevertheless, there have been improvements that are likely to continue in terms of the ways in which theories may be presented.
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32

McShane, Tony, Peter Clayton, Michael Donaghy, and Robert Surtees. Neurometabolic disorders. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0213.

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Various disorders result from genetically determined abnormalities of enzymes, the metabolic consequences of which affect the development or functioning of the nervous system. The range of metabolic disturbances is wide, as is the resultant range of clinical syndromes. Although most occur in children, some can present in adult life, and increasing numbers of affected children survive into adult life. In some, specific treatments are possible or are being developed. The last 20 years has seen a considerable expansion in our understanding of the genetic and metabolic basis for many neurological conditions. Particular clinical presentations of neurometabolic disorders include ataxias, movement disorders, childhood epilepsies, or peripheral neuropathy. Detailed coverage of the entire range of inherited metabolic diseases of the nervous system is available in other texts (Brett 1997; Scriver et al. 2001; Menkes et al. 2005).Treatment is possible for some metabolic diseases. For instance, the devastating neurological effects of phenylketonuria have been recognized for many years. Neonatal screening for this disorder and dietary modification in the developed world has removed phenylketonuria from the list of important causes of serious neurological disability in children. This success has led to new challenges in the management of the adult with phenylketonuria and unexpected and devastating effect of the disorder on the unborn child of an untreated Phenylketonuria mother. More recently Biotinidase deficiency has been recognized as an important and easily treatable cause of serious neurological disease usually presenting with early onset drug resistant seizures. This and some other neurometabolic diseases can be identified on neonatal blood screening although a full range of screening is not yet routine in the United Kingdom. More disorders are likely to be picked up at an earlier asymptomatic stage as the sophistication of screening tests increases (Wilcken et al. 2003; Bodamer et al. 2007).Although individual metabolic disorders are rare, collectively such disorders are relatively common. In reality most clinicians will see an individual condition only rarely in a career. Furthermore, patients with certain rare conditions are often concentrated in specialist referral centres, further reducing the exposure of general and paediatric neurologists to these disorders. A recent study into progressive intellectual and neurological deterioration, PIND, gives some information about the relative frequency and distribution of some childhood neurodegenerative diseases in the United Kingdom (Verity et al. 2000; Devereux et al. 2004). Although primarily designed to identify any childhood cases of variant Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease, the study also provided much information about the distribution of neurometabolic disease in children in the United Kingdom. The commonest five causes of progressive intellectual and neurological deterioration over 5 years were Sanfilippo syndrome, 41 cases, adrenoleukodystrophy, 32 cases, late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuschinosis, 32 cases, mitochondrial cytopathy, 30 cases, and Rett syndrome, 29 cases. Notably, geographical foci of these disorders were also found and correlate with high rate of consanguinity in some local populations.
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