Relevant bibliographies by topics / General preferences

Academic literature on the topic 'General preferences'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "General preferences"

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Sekine, Sayaka, Kenichi Komatsu, Dai Matsushima, Taro Takeshima, Ryusuke Ae, Shinji Fujiwara, Eriko Matsushima, Masanobu Okayama, and Eiji Kaiji. "Factors Affecting People's Preferences of Visiting a Kakaritsukei (Home-doctor)." General Medicine 11, no. 2 (2010): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14442/general.11.71.

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Benabbou, Nawal, and Thibaut Lust. "A General Interactive Approach for Solving Multi-Objective Combinatorial Optimization Problems with Imprecise Preferences." Proceedings of the International Symposium on Combinatorial Search 10, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 164–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/socs.v10i1.18472.

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In this paper, we develop a general interactive method to solve multi-objective combinatorial optimization problems with imprecise preferences. Assuming that preferences can be represented by a parameterized scalarizing function, we iteratively ask preferences queries to the decision maker in order to reduce the uncertainty over the preference parameters until being able to determine her preferred solution. To produce informative preference queries at each step, we generate promising solutions using the extreme points of the polyhedron representing the admissible preference parameters and then we ask the decision maker to compare two of these solutions (we propose different selection strategies). These extreme points are also used to provide a stopping criterion guaranteeing that the returned solution is optimal (or near-optimal) according to the decision maker's preferences. For the multi-objective spanning tree problem with a linear aggregation function, we provide numerical results to demonstrate the practical efficiency of our approach and we compare our results to a recent approach based on minimax regret, where preferences are asked during the construction of a solution. We show that better results are achieved by our method both in terms of running time and number of questions.
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Zhang, Tengxiao, and Yunpeng Shi. "Color preference and color meaning in the context of flags." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 48, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.8889.

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Researchers have argued that people's general color preferences can readily be generalized to their color preferences for artificial objects. However, although a strong general preference for blue has been documented, recent researchers have reported a preference for red when viewed on national flags. We addressed this inconsistency by examining the flag color preferences of 181 Chinese participants across 3 contexts: own nation, allied nation, and enemy nation. We found that general color preferences did not generalize to flag color preferences, and that preferences varied across the different 3 flag contexts. Participants assessed competitive and affiliative meanings differently in terms of conformity to the most preferred flag colors across contexts, indicating that flags have different color meanings in different contexts. We have contributed to the field of color psychology by demonstrating the effect of the interaction between color and context on people's color preferences.
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Brewka, Gerhard, Miroslaw Truszczynski, and Stefan Woltran. "Representing Preferences Among Sets." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 24, no. 1 (July 3, 2010): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v24i1.7584.

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We study methods to specify preferences among subsets of a set (auniverse). The methods we focus on are of two types. The first one assumes the universe comes with a preference relation on its elements and attempts to lift that relation to subsets of the universe. That approach has limited expressivity but results in orderings that capture interesting general preference principles. The second method consists of developing formalisms allowing the user to specify "atomic" improvements, and generating from them preferences on the powerset of the universe. We show that the particular formalism we propose is expressive enough to capture the lifted preference relations of the first approach, and generalizes propositional CP-nets. We discuss the importance of domain-independent methods for specifying preferences on sets for knowledge representation formalisms, selecting the formalism of argumentation frameworks as an illustrative example.
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Warren, Caleb, A. Peter McGraw, and Leaf Van Boven. "Values and preferences: defining preference construction." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science 2, no. 2 (July 9, 2010): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcs.98.

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Farczadi, Linda, Konstantinos Georgiou, and Jochen Könemann. "Stable Marriage with General Preferences." Theory of Computing Systems 59, no. 4 (June 13, 2016): 683–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00224-016-9687-z.

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Fishburn, Peter C. "Ordered preference differences without ordered preferences." Synthese 67, no. 2 (May 1986): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00540076.

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Richter, Michael, and Ariel Rubinstein. "Convex preferences: A new definition." Theoretical Economics 14, no. 4 (2019): 1169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/te3286.

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We suggest a concept of convexity of preferences that does not rely on any algebraic structure. A decision maker has in mind a set of orderings interpreted as evaluation criteria. A preference relation is defined to be convex when it satisfies the following condition: If, for each criterion, there is an element that is both inferior to b by the criterion and superior to a by the preference relation, then b is preferred to a. This definition generalizes the standard Euclidean definition of convex preferences. It is shown that under general conditions, any strict convex preference relation is represented by a maxmin of utility representations of the criteria. Some economic examples are provided.
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Ludwig, Kristina, Juan M. Ramos-Goñi, Mark Oppe, Simone Kreimeier, and Wolfgang Greiner. "To What Extent Do Patient Preferences Differ From General Population Preferences?" Value in Health 24, no. 9 (September 2021): 1343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2021.02.012.

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Guan, Zhengfei, and Feng Wu. "Modeling heterogeneous risk preferences." Agricultural Finance Review 77, no. 2 (July 3, 2017): 324–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-03-2015-0016.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a general framework for modeling heterogeneous risk preferences of agricultural producers and identifying the underlying factors that affect risk preferences. Design/methodology/approach This paper nests the risk preference function in a general production decision framework to test and model producers’ risk preferences. The framework allows for both production and price risk, and accommodates potential inefficient behavior. Panel data and the GMM method are used in the empirical estimation. Findings The results in this study confirmed the hypothesis of heterogeneous risk preferences. Farmers are found to have decreasing absolute risk aversion. Both farmer characteristics and socioeconomic factors have significant impact on producers’ risk preferences. The results suggest that ignoring heterogeneity in risk preferences across individuals and how non-wealth variables could affect farmers’ risk preferences could result in biased economic behavior analysis. Originality/value It is generally assumed in the literature that risk preferences are homogeneous among farmers at given wealth. This is a strong assumption and there are abundant evidences that suggest otherwise. This paper makes contributions to the literature by proposing an approach to modeling heterogeneous risk preferences and identifying the factors that affect preferences.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "General preferences"

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Kang, Jong-Gu. "General equilibrium with heterogeneous preferences." Thesis, University of Essex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397699.

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Yasgur, Stuart. "Reasons, rationality and preferences." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/411/.

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The theory of choice receives formal treatment in decision theory, game theory and substantial parts of economics. However there is cause for concern that the formal treatment of the subject has advanced beyond the substantive grounds on which it relies. For, the formal theories fundamentally rely on a concept of preference, which is itself lacking a viable substantive interpretation. Indeed the challenges to the substantive interpretation of ‘preference’ threaten to undermine the standard arguments used to justify the completeness and transitivity conditions on which Preference Theories rely. This discussion will explore whether a conception of rationality, anchored in a larger conception of practical reasoning, can justify the completeness and transitivity conditions. Specifically, this dissertation will draw on recent developments in philosophy of law, action theory and ethics to enumerate a conception of practical reasoning that takes reasons to be the basic normative concept. It will then seek to offer an account of rationality that is distinct from, but complementary to, the role of reasons. And from this foundation develop an account of preferences that includes many of the characteristics of standard accounts, yet is situated within this broader context. From this vantage point, the discussion will explore possible justifications for the completeness and transitivity conditions. Ultimately, it will be argued that both can be justified – though with different force – in specified domains. While the discussion will primarily focus on the justification of the completeness and transitivity conditions, it is in part motivated by the goal of exploring the connections between the treatment of choice in the distinct fields associated with Preference Theories and action theory broadly defined. In so doing, the hope is to suggest that there is promise in drawing together formal and substantive treatments of choice which is deserving of greater attention.
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Blackburn, Douglas W. "Three essays on investor preferences." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3277982.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Kelley School of Business, 2007.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-09, Section: A, page: 3999. Advisers: Charles Trzcinka; Andrey Ukhov. Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 5, 2008).
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Vukovic, Jovana. "Vocal and facial attractiveness : general preferences and individual differences." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=136840.

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To date, the majority of research on attractiveness judgements has focused on identifying factors that influence judgements of facial attractiveness.  This thesis reports a series of empirical studies that investigated the extent to which factors that are known to influence women’s preferences for masculine characteristics in men’s faces (e.g., measures of women’s attractiveness and personality traits attributed to masculine men) also influence women’s preferences for masculine characteristics in men’s voices.  These studies suggest that own attractiveness and perceptions of personality traits have similar effects on women’s face and voice preferences.  Additionally, further studies demonstrated that vocal cues signal information about women’s long term health and facial attractiveness and suggested that women’s masculinity preferences are affected by their circum-menopausal status (pre-menopausal versus post-menopausal).  Collectively, these findings present new evidence for the utility of deriving predictions about attractiveness judgements from evolutionary theories of mate choice.
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Grillos, Tara. "Participation, Power and Preferences in International Development." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23845452.

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Participatory development is widely touted as the remedy for ineffective and disempowering top-down development models of the past. However, participation can take many different forms, so an important open question for effective delivery of development assistance is: Which forms of participation influence which development outcomes under which circumstances? In this dissertation, I identify six key areas of research related to participatory development: the initial adoption of a participatory institution, the decision by individuals to participate or not, the direct outcomes of the participatory process, the effects on participants themselves, changes in the process over time, and carefully selected comparisons across contexts. I then make specific contributions to three of these areas through empirical research. The first essay, Popular Participation, Reciprocity Norms and Conservation Incentives in Bolivia, examines the decision to participate. In it, I compare the characteristics of participants and non-participants in a compensation program for environmental conservation in Bolivia, and I show that in addition to material incentives, social embeddedness plays a role in motivating participation. The second essay, Poverty Targeting and Elite Capture in Participatory Planning in Indonesia, addresses the direct outcomes of participation. In it, I examine the geographical distribution of the outcomes of a participatory planning process in Indonesia, and I show that the benefits are captured most by the least poor areas, but that this occurs in ways distinct from how capture is typically conceived. The third essay, Gender Inequality and the Multi-Dimensionality of Power in Northern Kenya, addresses the effects of participation on the empowerment of participants themselves. In it, I assess the impact on women’s empowerment of a program meant to enhance women’s political participation in northern Kenya, and I find that while the program largely fails to promote political participation, it has an impact on women’s empowerment within the household, very likely due to a component of the program which engaged directly with men. Overarching themes that emerge across these studies include (1) the importance of increased conceptual clarity not only with respect to the various forms that participation can take and the various goals it can be invoked to seek, but also regarding various hypothesized effects of and motivations for participation, (2) the potential relevance of the implementing agency and its relationship with pre-existing, overlapping social institutions, and (3) the usefulness of engaging with literature on psychology and behavioral economics. Understudied areas for future research include the evolution over time of a particular participatory process and more systematic comparisons of participatory processes across settings.
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Rhodes, Christopher. "Political Christianity: Internal Organization, Preferences and Church Political Activity." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:14226091.

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This dissertation examines the role of internal structure of religious organizations in influencing these organizations’ interactions with incumbent governments and ultimately determining the political activities of religious groups. This dissertation fits within a body of literature known as the political economy of religion. I expand upon this literature by examining religious groups in terms of internal organization, focusing on Christian churches in Africa, with Kenya as my primary case country. The central argument of this dissertation is that churches (national-level denominations) with certain organizational features – centralized leadership, authoritarian decision-making procedures, and lack of internal accountability mechanisms – are more likely to have friendlier interactions with governments and therefore tend to adopt more pro-government political stances compared to churches that lack these features. This relationship operates through two mechanisms. First, centralized churches possess negotiation advantages over decentralized churches. Second, centralized, authoritarian churches can more easily be co-opted by incumbent governments. The dissertation also expand upon existing literature by offering a fuller and more nuanced understanding of the preferences of governments and churches vis-à-vis one another, proposing that churches seek to maximize number of church members, member faithfulness, and resources, while governments seek ideological support, citizen mobilization, and social service provision from churches. These arguments are examined by historical comparative case studies of five of the largest Christian denominations in Kenya over the course of the country’s first three post-independence presidents. Through qualitative historical analysis, combined with information gathered through fieldwork in Kenya, the dissertation demonstrates how the preferences of these churches and governments, mediated through the internal organizations of the churches, influenced church-state relations and ultimately determined the churches’ political stances. The impact of internal organization is greater than factors such as ethnicity or theological conservatism/liberalism. The dissertation tests these arguments through a quantitative analysis of church political orientation using national-level data on Christian churches and countries across Africa from independence through 2010. The results of the statistical analyses show significant effects of organizational features such as centralization, consistent with the arguments made concerning Kenya. The dissertation then gives brief qualitative analysis of church-state relations for several of the African churches included in the quantitative dataset.
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Nahm, Alison. "Measuring Political Preferences of the U.S. Voting Population." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:14398553.

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Political polarization is a common topic in the news and media, but not much has been done to understand the distribution of the preferences of the U.S. voting population. Political scientists have drawn different conclusions on the current state of political polarization within the U.S. voting population based on survey data and basic spatial voting models. In this work, I present a spatial voting model that analyzes voting data at a more fine-grained level in order to use Bayesian techniques to infer the underlying distribution of political preferences of the population. Further, I verify these results by comparing it to alternative public opinion measurements and measuring the accuracy in completing prediction tasks. This work adds a new perspective to the current discussion within the political science community of the recent trends of political polarization.
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Tongsiri, Sirinart. "Valuing preferences for EQ-5D health states in the Thai general population." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2009. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4647105/.

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Health care expenditures have been increasing rapidly. Economic evaluation can be used to aid decision making on resource allocations to secure a more efficient use of scarce resources. In cost-utility analysis, one method used to measure health outcomes is the Quality adjusted life year (QALY). Given the wide differences in clinical settings, health systems and religious beliefs, "utility" scores should be derived from the local population. This thesis aims to estimate population-based preference scores for health from the Thai general population. The generic health description EQ-SO is used as a proxy to describe health. This measure was selected because it has been translated officially into Thai and the measure seems to be straightforward to use. A representative sample was randomly recruited using a stratified four-stage sampling method. A series of pilot studies were conducted to develop the interview protocol based on the Measurement and Valuation in Health (MVH) protocol. A group of interviewers were employed and extensively trained to interview the respondents. A sample of 1,409 Thai respondents was interviewed during May - August 2007 in 17 provinces in face-to-face interviews. Eighty-six health states, classified into twelve sets, were used in the interview. logical inconsistency was identified when a higher score was given to a poorer state. The greatest number of inconsistent responses was identified in the scores derived using the Time trade-off (nO) interview. A Negative binomial regression model was used to analyse the determinants of the numbers of inconsistencies. Elderly respondents and those with a lower education level tend to make more inconsistent responses. A Random effects model was used to estimate the model to predict the preference scores. The best model was chosen on the basis of logical inconsistency in the predicted scores, model robustness, parsimony and the responsiveness of the predicted scores. The best model is the model using the variables from Dolan 1997 model estimated from the scores given by the respondents with fewer than 11 inconsistencies. The model still suffers from heteroskedasticity, and floor and ceiling effects were identified. The Thai scores and the scores derived from respondents in the other five countries were extensively compared to examine the extent of the differences. It seems that the Thai scores are more similar to those of the UK. A costutility analysis of the prevention and control measures for cervical cancer in Thailand was used to demonstrate the difference of cost per QALYs if the scores from other countries were used to approximate the Thai preferences. The thesis makes a number of contributions. The modelled scores are the first original population-based preference scores on health derived from the Thai general population. The determinants of logical inconsistency were examined, as well as an exploratory qualitative interview to learn the strategies that respondents employed to cope with the preference interview. Three reasons are identified to explain the high level of inconsistent responses. Respondents may: (1) have difficulties imagining themselves living in the hypothetical states; (2) use only part of the given information in the health cards or add other information to assist their decisions; and (3) have difficulties in trying to understand the elicitation methods, especially the no. Including the inconsistent responses had, to some extent, significant impacts on the model specifications and the modelled scores. Exclusion of the scores from the highly inconsistent respondents was justified because the scores may not represent their preferences towards health. The results from this thesis should be taken into account for future surveys to be successfully administered. Close collaborations with the field coordinators and arrangement of appropriate interview settings contribute greatly to the success of the survey.
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Gampa, Anup. "Comparing the Social Preferences of Therapeutic Community Participants to General Population Controls." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1316551143.

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Bibona, Kevin. "Examination of the communication practices and preferences between orthodontists and general dentists." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3336.

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The purposes of this study were to evaluate if orthodontists’ and general dentists’ perceptions of how often, under what circumstances, and by which media orthodontists communicated with general dentists were similar, and to determine if orthodontists were meeting the communication needs of general dentists. Orthodontists (N=1,000) and general dentists (N=1,000) throughout the United States were randomly selected to participate in a web-based and mailed survey, respectively. The results indicated that the orthodontists communicated with general dentists using the type of media the general dentists preferred to use. As treatment complexity increased, orthodontists shifted from one-way forms of communication to two-way forms of communication (P < .05). Both orthodontists and general dentists reported that orthodontists’ communication regarding white spot lesions was inadequate. When treating patients with missing or malformed teeth, orthodontists reported they sought input from the general dentists at higher rate than the general dentists reported (P < .005).
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Books on the topic "General preferences"

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1960-, Dziubalska-Kołaczyk Katarzyna, ed. Constraints and preferences. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2001.

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Krishna, Kala. Conditional policies in general equilibrium. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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Krishna, Kala. Conditional policies in general equilibrium. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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Joan, Bresnan, and Zaenen Annie E. 1941-, eds. Architectures, rules, and preferences: Variations on themes by joan w. bresnan. Stanford, Calif: Center for the Study of Language and Information, 2007.

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Dismantling public policy: Preferences, strategies, and effects. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

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S, Subramanian. Liberty, equality, and impossibility: Some general results on the space of 'soft' preferences. Madras: Madras Institute of Development Studies, 1993.

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Principles of international politics: People's power, preferences, and perceptions. 3rd ed. Washington, D.C: CQ Press, 2006.

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Beliefs-preferences gauge symmetry group and replication of contingent claims in a general market environment. Research Triangle Park, NC: IES Press, 1998.

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Harrison, Glenn W. Rules of thumb for evaluating preferential trading arrangements: Evidence from computable general equilibrium assessments. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2003.

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Ronald, Reagan. Status of Chile as general system of preference beneficiary: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting notification of his intent to suspend indefinitely Chile's status as a GSP beneficiary, pursuant to 19 U.S.C. 2462(a). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "General preferences"

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Farczadi, Linda, Konstantinos Georgiou, and Jochen Könemann. "Stable Marriage with General Preferences." In Algorithmic Game Theory, 25–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44803-8_3.

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Tanguiane, Andranick S. "General Model of Aggregation of Preferences." In Aggregation and Representation of Preferences, 89–120. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76516-2_6.

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Osorio, Mauricio, and Claudia Zepeda. "Answer Set General Theories and Preferences." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 59–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11925231_6.

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Dixon, Peter B., Michael Jerie, and Maureen T. Rimmer. "Melitz Equals Armington Plus Endogenous Productivity and Preferences." In Advances in Applied General Equilibrium Modeling, 67–81. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8325-9_5.

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Alkan, Ahmet. "Equilibrium in a Matching Market with General Preferences." In Equilibrium and Dynamics, 1–16. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11696-6_1.

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Hayashi, Takashi. "The Assumption of No Income Effect and Quasi-linear Preferences." In General Equilibrium Foundation of Partial Equilibrium Analysis, 71–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56696-2_4.

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Modgil, Sanjay. "Towards a General Framework for Dialogues That Accommodate Reasoning About Preferences." In Theory and Applications of Formal Argumentation, 175–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75553-3_13.

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Peters, Hans, Hans van der Stel, and Ton Storcken. "Strategy-Proofness for General Domains of Alternatives and Restricted Domains of Preferences." In Operations Research ’91, 435–38. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48417-9_119.

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Hu-DeHart, Evelyn. "Affirmative Action, Civil Rights, and Racial Preferences in the U.S.: Some General Observations." In Affirmative Action in China and the U.S., 213–25. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230100923_13.

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Subramanian, S. "Liberty, Equality, and Impossibility: Some General Results in the Space of ‘Soft’ Preferences." In Themes in Economics, 27–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0428-7_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "General preferences"

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Schlegel, Jan Christoph. "Trading Networks with General Preferences." In EC '19: ACM Conference on Economics and Computation. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3328526.3329559.

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Grossi, Davide, Wiebe van der Hoek, and Louwe B. Kuijer. "Logics of Preference when There Is No Best." In 17th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2020}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2020/46.

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Well-behaved preferences (e.g., total pre-orders) are a cornerstone of several areas in artificial intelligence, from knowledge representation, where preferences typically encode likelihood comparisons, to both game and decision theories, where preferences typically encode utility comparisons. Yet weaker (e.g., cyclical) structures of comparison have proven important in a number of areas, from argumentation theory to tournaments and social choice theory. In this paper we provide logical foundations for reasoning about this type of preference structures where no obvious best elements may exist. Concretely, we compare and axiomatize a number of ways in which the concepts of maximality and optimality can be generalized in this general class of preferences. We thereby expand the scope of the long-standing tradition of the logical analysis of preference.
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Shaobiao Wang, Lu Fang, and Juyong Zhang. "[Demo paper] exploring attractive faces: General versus personal preferences." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Workshops (ICMEW). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmew.2014.6890628.

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Liang, Jenifer, Michael Abramson, Nicholas Zwar, Grant Russell, Anne Holland, Billie Bonevski, Ajay Mahal, et al. "Preferences and experiences of smokers attending Australian general practices." In ERS International Congress 2017 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.pa2668.

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Kulok, Michael, and Kemper Lewis. "Preference Consistency in Multiattribute Decision Making." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84764.

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A number of approaches for multiattribute selection decisions exist, each with certain advantages and disadvantages. One method that has recently been developed, called the Hypothetical Equivalents and Inequivalents Method (HEIM) supports a decision maker (DM) by implicitly determining the importances a DM places on attributes using a series of simple preference statements. In this and other multiattribute selection methods, establishing consistent preferences is critical in order for a DM to be confident in their decision and its validity. In this paper a general consistency check denoted as the Preference Consistency Check (PCC) is presented that ensures a consistent preference structure for a given DM. The PCC is demonstrated as part of the HEIM method, but is generalizable to any cardinal or ordinal preference structures. These structures are important in making selection decisions in engineering design including selecting design concepts, materials, manufacturing processes, and configurations, among others. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated and the need for consistent preferences is illustrated using a product selection case study where the decision maker expresses inconsistent preferences.
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Alviano, Mario, Javier Romero, and Torsten Schaub. "On the Integration of CP-nets in ASPRIN." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/207.

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Conditional preference networks (CP-nets) express qualitative preferences over features of interest.A Boolean CP-net can express that a feature is preferable under some conditions, as long as all other features have the same value.This is often a convenient representation, but sometimes one would also like to express a preference for maximizing a set of features, or some other objective function on the features of interest.ASPRIN is a flexible framework for preferences in ASP, where one can mix heterogeneous preference relations, and this paper reports on the integration of Boolean CP-nets.In general, we extend ASPRIN with a preference program for CP-nets in order to compute most preferred answer sets via an iterative algorithm.For the specific case of acyclic CP-nets, we provide an approximation by partially ordered set preferences, which are in turn normalized by ASPRIN to take advantage of several highly optimized algorithms implemented by ASP solvers for computing optimal solutions.Finally, we take advantage of a linear-time computable function to address dominance testing for tree-shaped CP-nets.
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Jang, Bo-Ram, Yunseok Noh, Sang-Jo Lee, and Seong-Bae Park. "A combination of temporal and general preferences for app recommendation." In 2015 International Conference on Big Data and Smart Computing (BigComp). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/35021bigcomp.2015.7072829.

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Latorella, Kara A., and James P. Chamberlain. "Graphical Weather Information System Evaluation: Usability, Perceived Utility, and Preferences from General Aviation Pilots." In General Aviation Technology Conference & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-1521.

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Ceylan, İsmail İlkan, Thomas Lukasiewicz, Rafael Peñaloza, and Oana Tifrea-Marciuska. "Query Answering in Ontologies under Preference Rankings." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/131.

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We present an ontological framework, based on preference rankings, that allows users to express their preferences between the knowledge explicitly available in the ontology. Using this formalism, the answers for a given query to an ontology can be ranked by preference, allowing users to retrieve the most preferred answers only. We provide a host of complexity results for the main computational tasks in this framework, for the general case, and for EL and DL-Lite_core as underlying ontology languages.
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Ying, Haochao, Fuzhen Zhuang, Fuzheng Zhang, Yanchi Liu, Guandong Xu, Xing Xie, Hui Xiong, and Jian Wu. "Sequential Recommender System based on Hierarchical Attention Networks." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/546.

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With a large amount of user activity data accumulated, it is crucial to exploit user sequential behavior for sequential recommendations. Conventionally, user general taste and recent demand are combined to promote recommendation performances. However, existing methods often neglect that user long-term preference keep evolving over time, and building a static representation for user general taste may not adequately reflect the dynamic characters. Moreover, they integrate user-item or item-item interactions through a linear way which limits the capability of model. To this end, in this paper, we propose a novel two-layer hierarchical attention network, which takes the above properties into account, to recommend the next item user might be interested. Specifically, the first attention layer learns user long-term preferences based on the historical purchased item representation, while the second one outputs final user representation through coupling user long-term and short-term preferences. The experimental study demonstrates the superiority of our method compared with other state-of-the-art ones.
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Reports on the topic "General preferences"

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Einav, Liran, Amy Finkelstein, Iuliana Pascu, and Mark Cullen. How general are risk preferences? Choices under uncertainty in different domains. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15686.

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Gnutzmann-Mkrtchyan, Arevik, and Jules Hugot. Gravity-Based Tools for Assessing the Impact of Tariff Changes. Asian Development Bank, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220053-2.

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The first tool estimates the impact on bilateral trade for 5,020 products in a partial equilibrium framework. The second quantifies the general equilibrium impact on bilateral aggregate trade, allowing estimates of trade reallocation and welfare changes. The paper uses these to estimate the impact for Armenia of tariff changes including (i) alignment with the external tariff of the Eurasian Economic Union, (ii) free trade agreements between the Eurasian Economic Union and other economies—Iran and the People’s Republic of China, and (iii) loss of beneficiary status for the European Union’s Generalised Scheme of Preferences.
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Stern, Gregory, Michael Pilone, and Brian Solan. A Generic Preference System Pattern and C++ Implementation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada383862.

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Fisher, Wayne W., Cathleen C. Piazza, Lynn G. Bowman, and Adrianna Amari. Reinforcer Assessment for Individuals with Severe Disabilities (RAISD). Edited by Javier Virues-Ortega. ABA España, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26741/2021.raisd.

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El propósito de esta entrevista estructurada es obtener la mayor cantidad de información específica posible de los informantes (p.ej., maestros, padres, cuidadores) en cuanto a lo que ellos creen que serían reforzadores útiles para el estudiante. Este cuestionario explora varias categorías de estímulos (p.ej., visuales, auditivos, etc.). Después de que el informante haya generado una lista de estímulos preferidos, haga preguntas adicionales para obtener información más concreta sobre las preferencias del estudiante y las condiciones de estímulo bajo las que un objeto o actividad tienen mayor preferencia (p.ej., ¿qué tipo de vídeos son sus favoritos? ¿qué hace cuando juega con un espejo? ¿prefiere realizar la actividad estando sola o con otra persona?, etc.)
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Tumen, Semih, and Joint Data Center on Forced Displacement. The impact of forced displacement on housing and urban settlement in host communities. Joint Data Center on Forced Displacement (JDC), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47053/jdc.300922.

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Findings in the literature suggest that the sudden and often massive nature of refugee inflows, combined with the fact that housing supply is mostly unresponsive in the short-term, has the potential to affect housing prices and generate substantial changes in housing preferences, neighborhood quality/amenities, mobility patterns of hosts, and attitudes toward refugees in receiving areas. The interaction between the location preferences of refugees and the actions taken by hosts in response to refugee inflows may lead to residential segregation, urban poverty, high economic inequality, and unsustainable cities in the long-term. Policy lessons suggest options like transforming camps (that may have become socioeconomically attractive locations) into sustainable settlements, utilizing voucher programs, and incentivizing government-financed housing solutions for refugees.
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Azuara Herrera, Oliver, Mauricio Mondragón, Catalina Rodríguez Tapia, and Fermín Vivanco. Plataformas digitales en México: ¿cuál es el perfil y preferencias de aseguramiento de los conductores y repartidores usuarios de DiDi y DiDi Food? Inter-American Development Bank, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004252.

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El Laboratorio de Seguridad Social Digital del Grupo BID y DiDi México se asociaron para conocer el perfil de los conductores de DiDi y repartidores usuarios de DiDi Food. Esta alianza inició en 2021 con una encuesta a 583 usuarios conductores y 1.231 repartidores con el objetivo de conocer mejor sus características sociodemográficas, salud y educación financieras, así como cobertura de seguridad social. Los resultados de las encuestas muestran que los conductores y repartidores tienen diferencias sociodemográficas y necesidades distintas, pero ambos grupos valoran la flexibilidad que ofrecen las plataformas para generar ingresos. En ambos grupos existe una baja cobertura a la seguridad social, así como una demanda latente por acceso a mecanismos de protección generales. Esta información avanza la discusión sobre cómo garantizar mayor acceso a esquemas de aseguramiento de usuarios de plataformas digitales en México, sin sacrificar la flexibilidad que tanto valoran.
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Baluk, Nadia, Natalia Basij, Larysa Buk, and Olha Vovchanska. VR/AR-TECHNOLOGIES – NEW CONTENT OF THE NEW MEDIA. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11074.

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The article analyzes the peculiarities of the media content shaping and transformation in the convergent dimension of cross-media, taking into account the possibilities of augmented reality. With the help of the principles of objectivity, complexity and reliability in scientific research, a number of general scientific and special methods are used: method of analysis, synthesis, generalization, method of monitoring, observation, problem-thematic, typological and discursive methods. According to the form of information presentation, such types of media content as visual, audio, verbal and combined are defined and characterized. The most important in journalism is verbal content, it is the one that carries the main information load. The dynamic development of converged media leads to the dominance of image and video content; the likelihood of increasing the secondary content of the text increases. Given the market situation, the effective information product is a combined content that combines text with images, spreadsheets with video, animation with infographics, etc. Increasing number of new media are using applications and website platforms to interact with recipients. To proceed, the peculiarities of the new content of new media with the involvement of augmented reality are determined. Examples of successful interactive communication between recipients, the leading news agencies and commercial structures are provided. The conditions for effective use of VR / AR-technologies in the media content of new media, the involvement of viewers in changing stories with augmented reality are determined. The so-called immersive effect with the use of VR / AR-technologies involves complete immersion, immersion of the interested audience in the essence of the event being relayed. This interaction can be achieved through different types of VR video interactivity. One of the most important results of using VR content is the spatio-temporal and emotional immersion of viewers in the plot. The recipient turns from an external observer into an internal one; but his constant participation requires that the user preferences are taken into account. Factors such as satisfaction, positive reinforcement, empathy, and value influence the choice of VR / AR content by viewers.
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Soenko, Yevgeny. TYPOLOGY OF PERIPHERAL VISION. Intellectual Archive, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2331.

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The research is based on the statement that retina produces the proper level of electrical activity, sourcing visual system. I started the research with partial darkening of different parts of the visual fields of humans to register possible psychological and physiological changes. The tested showed dramatically increasing variability and number of changes within just four exact types of darkening. More, emotional and physiological aspects of those changes were polarized into general acceptance and general rejection of a certain type of darkening in most of the individual tests. Thus the tested formed two opposite groups within every one of those types of darkening: a group with general negative reactions and a group with general positive ones. Further, those types of darkening turned out combined in pairs. General tune of reactions of most of the tested changed to strictly reverse within a pair of upper-lower types of darkening of peripheral vision and outer-inner ones as well. Between the pairs of types of darkening, there was no correspondence. The tested showed stability of their reactions during at least several months. Thus I may state a possibility of existence in the visual system of humans of two independent neuropsychological structures both having two alternative modes of functioning with a stable preference of just one of them in every individual case. If it is true, there may be a vision-based typology.
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Lv, Chen. Human-like Decision-making and Control for Automated Driving. SAE International, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022005.

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The on-vehicle automation system is primarily designed to replace the human driver during driving to enhance the performance and avoid possible fatalities. However, current implementations in automated vehicles (AVs) generally neglect that human imperfection and preference do not always lead to negative consequences, which prevents achieving optimized vehicle performance and maximized road safety. Human-like Decision-making and Control for Automated Driving will take one step forward to address unsettled technologies in human-like automated driving to break through the limitation for future vehicle automation application existing methods and emerging technologies in Human driving feature modeling and analysis Personalized motion control for AVs Human-like decision making for AVs
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Bottan, Nicolas L., Bridget Hoffmann, and Diego A. Vera-Cossio. Segunda ronda encuesta coronavirus BID-Cornell y panel de datos: nota metodológica. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003857.

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La segunda ronda de la Encuesta BID/Cornell Coronavirus hace un seguimiento a la encuesta BID/Cornell Coronavirus de la primera ronda en donde se recolectó información relacionada a los impactos de la pandemia del Covid-19 en los mercados laborales, seguridad alimentaria, distanciamiento social, y conocimiento acerca de los síntomas y formas de contagio del Coronavirus. El objetivo principal de la segunda ronda fue hacer un seguimiento a los hogares partícipes de la primera ronda, recolectando información más detallada de ingresos y activos de los hogares, así como también datos de beneficiarios de programas sociales existentes antes de la pandemia, inclusión financiera, preferencias políticas y comportamientos relacionados con el Covid-19 en general. El procedimiento de recolección de datos de la segunda ronda, así como su divulgación, se llevaron a cabo de la misma forma que para el caso de la primera ronda. Los datos de las dos rondas de la encuesta se unieron para crear un panel de datos a nivel de hogar. Al realizar un ejercicio de correlación entre participación en la segunda ronda y características demográficas, encontramos que ser mujer aumentó la probabilidad de participar en la segunda ronda de la encuesta. Así mismo, personas con un nivel de educación más alto y con mayores ingresos fueron más propensas a participar en la segunda ronda. Acorde con estos resultados, encontramos también una correlación positiva entre tener 40 años en adelante y participar en la encuesta de seguimiento. Los datos del panel de datos son útiles para analizar efectos de la pandemia en situaciones y preferencias más detalladas de los hogares dentro de un país y entre países. Se incluyen ponderadores que corrigen diferencias en el tamaño de la muestra entre países y proveen una mayor ponderación a las observaciones de países con mayor población.
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