Academic literature on the topic 'General History of China'

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Journal articles on the topic "General History of China"

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Efimenko, Maria V. "A General Survey of Ancient Chinese History." Vestnik NSU. Series: History, Philology 20, no. 10 (December 21, 2021): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-10-145-147.

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The author reviews the first six chapters of the monograph by John S. Major and Constance Cook “Ancient China: A History” (New York, London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, 2017. 300 p.). The authors of the book made an attempt to briefly review the history of ancient China on the basis of a compilation of factual data from the works of the most prominent researchers of these periods in Europe and the United States. It is shown that the authors of the compilation mainly follow the Chinese historical tradition, repeating the basic information from the classical Confucian treatises of the early Imperial time. It is particularly significant that the authors make mistakes that indicate the formation of their own tradition of writing the history of China in the United States.
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Chen, Yi. "Making History Possible: Logograph in China and Hieroglyph in Central America." International Journal of Languages, Literature and Linguistics 7, no. 2 (June 2021): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijlll.2021.7.2.290.

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In the following paper, I will compare and contrast the development of script in two different writing systems: the Mayan and the Chinese. This paper will demonstrate how each system employed writing to map language into a durable technology for communication. By doing so, I will provide the general information that introduces readers to the origin, purpose, and function of the two writing systems. Through analysis of the development of Mayan and Chinese writing systems, the paper also shows that significant aspects of culture were preserved and transmitted by written materials as they contribute to the continuation of the two civilizations. This approach also has the benefit of emphasizing the strong relationship between culture and writing. Studying the origins, development, and use of writing in these two cultures mitigates against the tendency to devalue certain cultures. A study of both Chinese and Mayan writing is especially important since both cultures developed scripts that did not borrow from the writing systems of other civilizations.
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Reinhold, Christiane. "China: A Macro History." China Information 12, no. 3 (December 1997): 154–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0920203x9701200326.

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Schirokauer, Conrad, and S. A. M. Adshead. "China in World History." Journal of the American Oriental Society 111, no. 1 (January 1991): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/603757.

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Trambaiolo, Daniel. "Leprosy in China: A History." Asian Medicine 5, no. 1 (2009): 211–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157342109x569017.

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HONGYING, LYU. "The history of accounting in China." International Accounting 22, no. 8 (August 16, 2021): 951–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ia.24.8.951.

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Subject. This paper examines the history of accounting in China, describes the main characteristics of its development in different periods of time and the prospects for its further development. Objectives. The paper aims to consider the history of the development of accounting in China. Methods. For the study, I used analysis, synthesis, and other general scientific methods. Conclusions. Accounting in China has undergone an evolutionary path of development from simple to complex, from ancient to modern, from single-entry bookkeeping to double-entry bookkeeping under the influence of various factors: economic, political, legal, social, cultural, and technological. According to the characteristics of development, the history of accounting can be divided into three main stages: accounting in Ancient China, accounting in the new period, and accounting in modern times. In different eras, accounting had different time characteristics. Accounting must get adapted to the needs of modern society and get improved along with its socioeconomic development.
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Freund, Alexander. "Neuanfang unter Maos langem Schatten? Oral History im heutigen China." BIOS – Zeitschrift für Biographieforschung, Oral History und Lebensverlaufsanalysen 33, no. 1-2020 (March 10, 2022): 114–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/bios.v33i1.07.

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Die Geschichte der Oral History in China ist lang, vielschichtig und zuweilen turbulent. Dieser Überblicksartikel – eher eine journalistische Reportage als ein wissenschaftlicher Artikel – berichtet über einige Aspekte der Geschichte und Gegenwart der Oral History in China im zwanzigsten und frühen einundzwanzigsten Jahrhundert. Eine Grundannahme ist, dass ein historiographischer Zugang auch für Oral Historians in anderen Ländern von Interesse sein kann. Es wäre wünschenswert, wenn mit diesem Artikel eine Debatte unter Oral Historians über die nationale und internationale Bedeutung von Chinas langer Geschichte der Oral History angeregt werden kann, um so auch die aktuelle globale Praxis zu bereichern.
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Rao, Zihe. "History of protein crystallography in China." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 362, no. 1482 (February 27, 2007): 1035–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2032.

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China has a strong background in X-ray crystallography dating back to the 1920s. Protein crystallography research in China was first developed following the successful synthesis of insulin in China in 1966. The subsequent determination of the three-dimensional structure of porcine insulin made China one of the few countries which could determine macromolecular structures by X-ray diffraction methods in the late 1960s and early 1970s. After a slow period during the 1970s and 1980s, protein crystallography in China has reached a new climax with a number of outstanding accomplishments. Here, I review the history and progress of protein crystallography in China and detail some of the recent research highlights, including the crystal structures of two membrane proteins as well as the structural genomics initiative in China.
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Jianzhong, Xu. "Brief History of Science Translation in China." Meta 50, no. 3 (November 2, 2005): 1010–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/011611ar.

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Abstract Science translation is a new branch of learning in China, but its practice can be traced back to about 200 BC. It includes all the practical fields but literary translation. It is the translation activity that mainly conveys science information, especially a thought activity and extra-language activity of the translator’s using target language to express the science information of source language so as to pursue the similar information. This paper briefly examines its history chronologically, and explores its gradual movement from practice to theory, from written translation to oral interpretation, from general theory to discipline studies. The history of science translation is composed of human translation and machine translation, but this paper only deals with the former.
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Bozhong, Li. "Water and the History of China." Social Sciences in China 39, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2018.1414413.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "General History of China"

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O'brien, John. "A Comparison of the Philosophical Developments in Greece and China during the 5th Century B.C." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1111153708.

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Ho, Man-shek, and 何文石. "History teacher's beliefs in their interpretation of NSS liberal studies curriculum: how do the teachingbeliefs of history teachers affect their interpretation of the NSS LScurriculum?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50178362.

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This research aims at finding out the effects of teaching beliefs of History teachers in interpreting NSS Liberal Studies curriculum. Using autoethnography as the research methodology, the researcher, as a novice History teacher, reflected on his curriculum interpretation in comparison to other LS teachers in his context. This self-narrative is then compared with another History teacher's curriculum interpretation in its respective context. The findings of the research identified some common features between the two History teachers in LS curriculum interpretation. They are more likely to highlight the importance of socio-historical context to an issue and transfer from History studies the training of source interpretation skills and argument formation of students and the expertise towards political concepts in the Liberal Studies curriculum. This subjective curriculum interpretation forms the perceived LS curriculum of History teachers. Moreover, the subjective curriculum interpretation is a dynamic process. Individual teacher’s beliefs dynamically balance and rebalance factors in context, between a spectrum from individual teacher’s belief to socio-cultural contextual demands and constrains. Lastly, the complexity in the socio-cultural context correlates to the extent of manifestation of individual teacher’s belief in the subjective Liberal Studies curriculum interpretation. Between the two History teachers, the History teacher, who was situated in a more individualistic and cooperative context, transferred much more teaching beliefs in interpreting Liberal Studies curriculum. On the contrary, another History teacher projected limited teaching beliefs in LS curriculum situation. The more collaborative context leveled individual teacher’s teaching belief. Teacher’s belief is a moderator in context.
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Li, Danyang. "Li Hanjun and the early Communist movement in China." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/27335/.

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This thesis explores the role Li Hanjun played in the initial stage of the Communist movement in China. It describes Li’s early life, including his family background, his upbringing, his schooling and the environment he grew up in. It analyses some of Li’s early writings to demonstrate his philosophical predispositions and political orientation, as well as his character and temperament. It examines Li’s understanding of Marxism and his endeavours to disseminate it and to introduce various socialist theories into China. It describes his contacts with socialists of other countries and his cooperation with Korean socialists and Soviet agents in China, which helped open up the Communist movement in East Asia. The research focuses on Li Hanjun’s activities in establishing the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the opinions he expressed at the Party’s founding congress. It also deals with his ideas and actions in directing labour movements in China. Li Hanjun was a dissident within the CCP and later left the Party. This study clarifies the divergence of views between him and other Party leaders, and shows that his rejection of the Bolshevik doctrines of centralism and dictatorship and of unconditional receipt of financial aid and orders from the Communist International (Comintern) were the main causes of the conflicts and his expulsion. The thesis discusses Li’s vision of socialism, and shows that his ideal socialist society was not one in which a centralist government and the dictatorship of a Communist élite should control and intervene in everything but a collectivity of associations of free and autonomous working people organised in cooperatives. The thesis ends with a critical assessment of Li as a historical figure. It recovers historical facts that have sunk into oblivion, and thus differs from comparable studies published both in China and abroad. It fills important gaps in the history of the early Communist movement in China.
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Luan, Duo. "Political history TV dramas and the representation of Confucian China : the regulation, emergence and politics of a new genre." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2017. http://repository.uwtsd.ac.uk/744/.

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In order to bridge the knowledge gap noted between Western and Chinese approaches to analysis of China’s TV media, this thesis sets out to propose an alternative methodological framework for investigation of the emergence, development and significance of a distinctive television genre categorised as ‘political history TV drama’ (PHTD), produced in Mainland China since the 1980s. Situating the genre in its historical and political contexts of production, I make particular reference to the orchestrating role of the Chinese state, the political re-articulation of Confucian values, and the reinventing of Chinese national identity. The thesis is composed of three parts. Part one includes the literature review of both Chinese and Western genre theory, followed by a discussion of further useful constructs to put in place the theoretical scaffolding for the study. In part two, the historical review concerns the production and political contexts of Chinese TV and TV drama in general. The third part applies this methodological framework to PHTD when contextualised in its Chinese setting, analysing its definitions, conventions, generic and cultural verisimilitudes, and hybridity. The third part is the core of the research, which investigates its rise to maturity, utilising a cultural and discursive account that encompasses: textual analysis; the study of its political and historical contexts; Chinese moral ideology and linguistics. A number of examples and case studies are examined as evidence for my perspective on questions of nationalism and Confucianism embedded in PHTD. The significance of this genre is in its reconstructed portrayal of the revived concept of a ‘patriarchal Confucian society’. Therefore, the thesis sets out the political, social and cultural landscape in which the genre is embedded in recognition of its representation of much more than just repackaged traditional narratives. In turn, this investigation helps to achieve a fuller understanding of the relation between political and intellectual forces, and the key role of nationalism combined with Confucianism in the media strategy of the Chinese authorities up until the first ten years of the 21st century.
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Bian, Su. "Contested constitutionalism : constitutionalization in contemporary China." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6589/.

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This thesis was written on the constitutional changes of contemporary China, with the 1982 Constitution as the object of researches. This constitution is the currently valid constitution in China, and is expected by constitutional scholars to be put in “juridification”. However, for thirty years since its birth, this task is yet to be realized. What is more, the claim of “judicialization of the constitution” as Chinese legal constitutionalists held especially during the 1990s, is now contested by emergent constitutional schools as one of many constitutions in China. They are arguing that China’s constitutional reality should not be colonized by the Western-originated constitutional science –classical constitutionalism. Having perceived the critical merits of China’s new constitutional schools, this thesis is wary of confirming unconditionally the other end of arguments, namely, applying critical theories to condense into “constitutionalism with Chinese characteristics”. The use of “constitutionalism” to describe the Chinese model, however, should be examined against whether it has indeed resolved the material problems in China’s constitutionalization, or is merely an inflationary application of the terminology. If China’s legal constitutionalism is seen as implanting formalism of Hayekian theory in service of global capitalism, in the second-generation constitutional discourse, have we opted out of this mentality and re-constituted ourselves? Constitutionalization in contemporary China hence is a complex issue covering the grounds of institutional, political as well as conceptual controversies, more than a practical issue of applicable mechanisms. The conceptual arguments on “what is constitutional” are especially challenging to classical constitutionalism, when combined with “identity politics” and “constitutional pluralism”. Between the material and conceptual level, I am insisting that the ‘democratic deficit’ caused by China’s 1990s economic reforms and the market mentality still needs a redress, before we could render its hybrid outcomes as “constitutionalism with Chinese characteristics”.
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Kang, Lili. "Essays on human capital and productivity analysis in China." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3241/.

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This thesis examines the Chinese economy by focusing on the specialized human capital themes of production processes, regional productivity disparities and convergence, cost competitiveness comparisons and private returns to education from 1978 to 2009. Chapter 2 reviews the growth accounting model and measurement methods of its components such as capital services, labour inputs, labour composition index and Total Factor Productivity index. China’s spectacular economic growth is from unequal performance of provinces and regions. Thus, chapter 3 examines effects of the physical and human capital on disparities and convergence of labour productivity, Total Factor Productivity and average wages in China, incorporating the market reform factors. We find that composition-adjusted human capital is more important than capital services in the production function. We also overcome the endogeneity of schooling in the wage function with instrumental variables. In chapter 4, we discuss industrial disparities and convergence across countries and provinces from labour costs perspective to figure out industries with comparative competitiveness advantage. Moreover, we correct the Heckman selection bias problems of education returns in chapter 5. We find that education returns keep on rising over time, which support human capital hypothesis rather than the signalling effect for all age groups except the group educated during the “Cultural Revolution”.
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Leung, Terence Man Tat. "French May '68, "China," and the dialectics of refusals in film and intellectual cultures since 1960s." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2014. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/94.

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One of the most fashionable impressions about the legacies of French May ’68 lurking in our capitalist society nowadays is perhaps the view that this historic episode has greatly inspired a chain of sexual liberations and anti-authoritarian lifestyle revolts within the realm of modern Western cultures. However, without actually questioning the ideological implications behind this liberal-libertarian ethos, the above convenient historical verdict may still help perpetuate the predominant logic of late capitalism and the concurrent status quo. Historically speaking, during the heyday of the worldwide leftist insurrections of the 1960s, the events of ’68 were never simply an isolated First-World phenomenon. Deeply entangled with the empirical lessons of the Maoist Cultural Revolution, May 68 in France has radically invoked and manifested many profound social queries and contestations against both the capitalist universality and the emerging Soviet revisionist thinking for two decades. In this dissertation, my primary research focus is precisely to call into question, through the optics of their inherent “Chinese connections,” the dominant narratives about the movements of May ’68 as merely a smoothening agent of massive “cultural reforms” in the capitalist West, instead of a continuous response toward the Maoist egalitarian principles that keeps incessantly catalyzing genuine political transformations in the sphere of global communitarian and quotidian practices. By analyzing and rehistoricizing a variety of cultural texts that include travel writings, memoirs, novels and films in relation to the subversive spirits of ’68, this study aims to reopen their heavily forsaken sociopolitical significances in order to recast some of the truly alternative historical imaginations of this epoch. Unlike the predominant methodologies of historiography and intellectual histories which usually marginalize cinematic texts as largely “illegitimate” data for the serious investigations of the sixties, this thesis particularly emphasizes the extensive study and critical reexamination of many insufficiently discussed or widely misinterpreted filmic representations of “China” that were produced by a large group of Western filmmakers such as Bertolucci, Godard, Antonioni, Casabianca, Viénet, and Yanne, under the adoptions of different art forms and genres between the 1960s and the 2000s. While the overreliance on European cinematic representations of China may potentially risk becoming a blind repetition of many contemporary capitalist stereotypes about the Maoist influences in May ’68 at the expense of those greatly innovative and dialectical Sino-Western encounters during the same period, this thesis also seeks to cautiously retain and reinscribe the latent heterogeneous, antagonistic, and historical Chinese characters long pertaining to the ensemble of the so-called “French Theory” advanced by Barthes, Kristeva, Lacan, and others since 1968, so as to retrieve certain unrealized revolutionary potentialities of the latter beyond the reigning ideological confines of neoliberalism today. I argue that this seemingly “redundant” or “generic” gesture of constantly delinking the multiple creative novelties adhering to the aforementioned Western cultural representations of “China” from the unique intellectual innovations of ’68 is highly crucial here, insofar as such excessiveness of negativity and refusal may nonetheless offer us a chance to persistently (re)search for some even better forms of emancipatory possibilities to come.
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Maimaiti, Yasheng. "Women’s education and work in China : the menstrual cycle and the power of water." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/790/.

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This study investigates the joint impact of menstrual cycle and poor access to water on women’s education and labour market outcomes. The research context is chosen to be rural China. Two parallel hypotheses that are tested in this study are as follows: (1) Girls have less probability of school enrolment and shorter schooling duration due to the joint impact of poor access to water and menarche presumably because that poor access to water may raise time/health/psychic costs of school enrolment for girls post-menarche. (2) Women have less probability of participating in work for wages due to the joint impact of poor access to water and menstrual cycle presumably because that poor access to water may generate lower productivity and raise time/health/psychic costs of wage work participation for women pre-menopause. For testing, the researcher uses the data from rural villages in the China Health and Nutrition Survey. This study conducts two sets of empirical tests on each of the above hypotheses using regression models and propensity score matching estimators. It is found that the joint impact of poor access to water and menstrual cycle is indeed largely adverse on women’s education and wage work participation. When the impacts of other confounding factors such as poverty and backward geographical location are controlled for, access to poor water is found to decrease the probability of school enrolment of post-menarche girls by 20 – 25 percentage points, and the probability of wage work participation of women premenopause by about 10 percentage points. This study concludes that a major benefit of policies to improve water supplies may not be the obvious household or industrial benefit, but rather an unseen benefit, the improvement in the position of women
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Garcia-Borrón, Martínez Maria Dolors. "Introducción a la historia de las artes del espectáculo en China." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8599.

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Tras un breve Prefacio en que se da cuenta de los procedimientos metodológicos y epistemológicos seguidos, se inicia el trabajo con un Prólogo sobre los primeros europeos de tiempos medievales, renacentistas y del Barroco e Ilustración que se acercan a China, citándose también en notas a viajeros orientales que realizan el camino inverso. Dentro del mismo Prólogo, se abunda luego en el surgimiento y desarrollo de la biografía relativa a los temas específicos de este trabajo, esto es, las artes del espectáculo en China y las influencias, aportaciones, diferencias y similitudes mutuas entre Oriente y Occidente en este campo. Se resaltan no solo las aportaciones al acervo bibliográfico de los países más desarrollados tanto de Oriente como de Occidente, sino también especialmente en los trabajos de los españoles y sudamericanos, desde el siglo XVI hasta el XXI.
Se pasa a continuación a la reseña relativa a la construcción del campo académico sobre los estudios sobre Teatro Chino, con los principales académicos tanto occidentales como orientales.
En paralelo al teatro, y tanto del que se produce en la propia China como entre los huagiao o miembros de la diáspora, se tocan otros temas de relevancia como el de la música, y acaba el Prólogo con una miscelánea de noticias sobre los últimos contactos culturales, diplomáticos y comerciales entre China y Occidente, sin olvidar recientes aportaciones de españoles que han visitado China o que han trabajado y trabajan en el continente y en Taiwan, y con la reseña de las experiencias personales de la autora en este terreno. Resaltan como Conclusiones principales, desde un medio tanto urbano como rural en que la cantidad y variedad de los espectáculos sigue aumentando, la innegable excelencia de los artistas chinos y su pujante nueva penetración a nivel mundial, con la constatación de la influencia cada vez más notoria en el mundo artístico de Occidente de estéticas y temas anteriormente confinados mayoritariamente a Oriente, y viceversa.
En cuanto al Corpus, consta de los siguientes capítulos principales: "Orígenes del teatro en China", "Acrobacia y Malabarismo", "Otros Espectáculos", "Quyi", "Muñecos y Marionetas", "Teatro de Sombras", "La Música en China", y "La Música del Teatro Chino"; para pasar ya a una "Breve Història del Teatro Chino", en que vemos "El teatro durante la Dinastía Tang", "Dinastía Song", "El Teatro de los Yuan", "Dinastía Ming", "Chuanqi", "Kunqui", "Dinastía Ping", los estilos "Chuanju" y "Yueju", "Comienzos del Teatro Hablado" y "Politización del Teatro", "La Ópera de Pekín", "Más de cien argumentos de la Ópera de Pekín", "Pintura Facial", "Acrobacia y Combate sobre el Escenario", "Su aprendizaje", "Gestos simbólicos, Mimo y Monólogos", "Escenografía y Accesorios", "Danza", "Simbolismo de los Movimientos", "Vestuario y Tocados", "Calzado", Atrezzo", "Declamación y Canto", "Tipos de Personajes", "Reseñas Biográficas y Artísticas" de unos treinta famosos actores, "Introducción a Varios Estilos Locales de Ópera" (Difangxi), "Ximbian lishi ju", "geju", "Revolución Cultural", "Yangbanxi", "Wuju", "Ballet", "Huaju", "Directores Famosos y Especial Estilo de Dirección", "Gao Xingjian, Premio Nobel de Literatura", y "Algunas coordenadas para el extranjero que hoy quiera ir al Teatro en China".

Esta tesis, para la cual su autora ha investigado tanto en Eujropa como en China, es la primera que se presenta en España sobre el mundo del espectáculo chino. Consta además, paralelamente, de amplia información sobre diversos temas indisolublemente relacionados con el teatro y la cultura china; con abundantes notas sobre la historia, geografía, economía, filosofía, religiones, mitología, literatura, música, estética, artes plásticas, artesanías, usos y costumbres, lenguaje, traductología, así como amplia reseña Bibliográfica, etc.
Afther a short Preface on its methodological issues, the work opens with a forty pages Foreword tracing the history of China/West relations with the first Europeans (Middle Ages, Renaissance, Baroque period, and Englihtenment) to write about China; there are also some notes on eastern travellers in Europe. The development of a large Bibliography, the construction of the academic field from the XVIII century onwards, and up to our days, both in the East and in the West, and some Spanish contributions, are other of the subjects examined.

Among the chapters in the Corpus, some of the most important ones are "Origins of Theatre in China", "Acrobatics and Juggling", "Other Entertainments", "Quyi", "Puppets and Marionettes", "Shadow Theatre", "Music in China", "The Music of Chinese Theatre"; to go into "A Brief History of Chinese Theatre", which deals with "The Theatre of Tang Dynasty", "Song Dynasty", "The Theatre of the Yuan", "Ming Dynasty", "Qing Dynasty", "Chuanju", "Yueju", "The Begginings pf Spoken Theatre" and "Politisation of the Theatre", "Beijing Opera", "Facial Painting", "Onstage Acrobatics and Combat Skills", "Its training", "Symbolic Gestures, Mime and Monologue", "Scenography and Properties", "Dance", "Symbolism of Movements", "Costumes and Headdresses", "Props", "Dialogue and Singing", "Types of Roles", "Biographies" of some 30 famous actors, "An Introduction to Local Opera Styles (Difangxi)", "Xinbian Lishi Ju", "Geju", "Cultural Revolution", "Yangbanxi", "Wuju", "Ballet", "Huaju", "Famous Directors and Special Directing Style", "GaoXingjian, Nobel Prize for Literature", and "A piece of advice to foreigners wishing to attend theatre sessions in China".

Its most significant Concluding Remarks: In an atmosphere of revitalized passion for perfection in performance, the development of a larger professional elite, which stems from a class of rural as well as urban semi-professional artists, and its growing introduction to foreign audiences; the increasing interaction East/West of techniques, subjects and aesthetics.

This doctoral thesis, researched for and written all over Europe as well as in China, is the first one on the world and history of Chinese Entertainment presented in Spain ever. It has a wide information on several important background subjects, ranging from history, geography, economy, language and traductology, philosophy, religion, mythology, literature, music, plastic arts, handicraft, and customs and traditions; as well as large Bibliography.
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Xie, Chunling, and 谢春玲. "A study of the "empty category" in Oracle bone inscription from the Shang dynasty ruins." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46916532.

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Books on the topic "General History of China"

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Fairbank, John King. China: A new history. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1992.

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Tʻang, Hsi-jen. A general history of earthquake studies in China. Beijing, China: Science Press, 1988.

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Merle, Goldman, ed. China: A new history. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1998.

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Merle, Goldman, ed. China: A new history. 2nd ed. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005.

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A, Graff David, and Higham Robin D. S, eds. A military history of China. Boulder, Colo: Westview, 2002.

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1910-, Reischauer Edwin O., ed. China: Tradition & transformation. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1989.

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Ye, Meilan. Zhongguo you zheng tong shi: The postal general history of China. Beijing: Shang wu yin shu guan, 2017.

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Mark, Elvin, ed. Cultural atlas of China. New York: Infobase Holdings, Inc., 1998.

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Inc, NetLibrary, ed. Republican Beijing: The city and its histories. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.

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China. Guo jia jiao yu wei yuan hui. Wai shih ssu. Chung-kuo chiao yü kai lan: General survey of education in China. Peking]: Pei-ching shih fan ta hsüeh chʻu pan she, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "General History of China"

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Dixon, Peter B. "Computable General Equilibrium Modelling: History, Contribution and What You Can Learn from This Book." In CHINAGEM—A Dynamic General Equilibrium Model of China: Theory, Data and Applications, 3–9. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1850-8_1.

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van der Veer, Peter. "Afterword: Reflections on Nationalism." In The Nation Form in the Global Age, 349–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85580-2_14.

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AbstractThis chapter reflects on the issues raised in the volume. It examines specifically the history of violence and ethno-religious purification in nationalism. The chapter deals with examples from Europe, Iran, India, and China, showing some general patterns and differences.
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Ruru, Li. "General Introduction." In Staging China, 1–8. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137529442_1.

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Howard, Robert. "Representatives of the United States, United Kingdom, France, Turkey, Iran, and China Address UN General Assembly : September 24, 25, and 27, 2019." In Historic Documents of 2019, 488–510. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320: CQ Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781544384641.n41.

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Hayes, Louis D. "General History." In Introduction to Japanese Politics, 9–23. Sixth edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315277097-2.

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Pisacane, Giovanni. "General Manager." In Corporate Governance in China, 75–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3911-9_8.

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"General Bibliography." In The Cambridge History of China, 733–838. Cambridge University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781139107334.037.

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"General Presentation." In A History of Cultic Images in China, 9–24. The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvzsmb5z.6.

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"General Understanding of Spiritual Culture of Yin Dynasty." In Social History of China, 38–42. SCPG PUBLISHING CORPORATION, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781938368257_0005.

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"CHAPTER V OVERVIEW OF BRONZE ART IN CHINA." In A General History of Chinese Art, 253–78. De Gruyter, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110790924-015.

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Conference papers on the topic "General History of China"

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Yonghua, Yin. "Electric Power System in China; History of Development, Present status & Future perspective." In 2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2007.385795.

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Huang, Jian, Dongling Liang, and Zhongheng Wei. "Reflection on the Training of General Medical Students in China from the Development History of General Medicine in Australia and Other Countries*." In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Education, Language, Art and Inter-cultural Communication (ICELAIC 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.191217.092.

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J., Mu. "A BRIEF REVIEW OF PUBLICATIONS BY SOVIET AND RUSSIAN RESEARCHERS ON THE PAZYRYK CULTURE PUBLISHED IN CHINA." In MODERN SOLUTIONS TO CURRENT PROBLEMS OF EURASIAN ARCHEOLOGY. Altai State Univercity, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/msapea.2023.3.68.

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The understanding of the Pazyryk culture by Chinese scholars began with the translation of studies by Soviet and Russian archaeologists. This article discusses in detail this process, which can be conditionally divided into two stages. The first stage is defined from the 1950s to the 1990s. Its most important result was the publication of the monograph “Ancient History of Southern Siberia”. The second stage is considered from the beginning of the XXI century to the present. The study of Pazyryk culture at this stage has demonstrated a variety of characteristics. In general, the representation of Pazyryk culture in China through the works of Soviet and Russian scientists for Chinese scientists was strongly influenced by the political situation, at the same time, such a process is also a reflection of the history of cooperation between the archaeological circles of China and Russia.
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Zhang, Limeng, and Andong Lu. "A study on the history of urban morphology in China based on discourse analysis." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5981.

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A study on the history of urban morphology in China based on discourse analysis Limeng Zhang¹, Andong Lu¹ ¹School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University. Nanjing University Hankou Road 22#, Gulou District, Nanjing, China E-mail: 554361151@qq.com, andonglu@gmail.com Key words: urban morphology, terminology, discourse analysis Conference topics and scale: Literature review (Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant No.: 51478215) Urban morphology is a method widely used in China in the field of urban design and urban conservation. Since its first introduction to the Chinese context about 20 years ago, the key ideas and concepts of urban morphology underwent a significant phenomenon of ‘lost in translation’. Different origins of morphological thoughts, different versions of translation, as well as different disciplinary context, have all together led to a chaotic discourse. This paper reviews the key Chinese articles in the field of urban morphology since 1982 and draws out a group of persistent keywords, such as evolution, axis, urban fringe belt, plan unit and plot, that characterize the morphological approach to urban issues. By reviewing the transformation of the definition of these keywords, this paper aims to generate an evolutionary map of landmark ideas and concepts, based on which, four stages in the development of urban morphology in China can be identified: emergence, growth, maturity, practice. The mapping methodology could be extrapolated to other words, and the obtained evolutionary map could be a basic tool for further study. References Conzen M. R. G., Alnwick, Northumberland: A Study in Town-plan Analysis [M] 1960. ( London, George Philip). J. W. R. Whitehand, and Kai Gu. ‘Urban conservation in China: Historical development, current practice and morphological approach’ [J], Town Planning Review, 2007 (5), 615-642. Duan Jin, and Qiu Guochao. 'The Emergence and Development of Overseas Urban Morphology Study' [J], Urban Planning Forum, 2008(5):34-42. M. P. Conzen, Kai Gu, J. W. R. Whitehand. Comparing traditional urban form in China and Europe: a fringe belt approach [D]. Urban Geography, 2011.
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Xinting, Liang. "The Trajectory of Collective Life: The Ideal and Practice of New Village in Tianjin, 1920s-1950s." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4026pt85d.

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Originated from New Village Ideal in Japan, New Village was introduced to China in the early 1920s and became a byword for social reform program. Many residential designs or projects whose name includes the term “Village” or “New Village” had been completed in China since that time. This paper uses the Textual Criticism method to sort out the introduction and translation of New Village Ideal theory in China, and to compare the physical space, life organization and concepts of the New Village practices in ROC with in early PRC of Tianjin. It is found that the term “New Village” continued to be used across several historical periods, showing very similar spatial images. But the construction and usage of New Village and the meaning of collective life changed somewhat under different political positions and social circumstances: New Village gradually became an urban collective residential area which only bore the living function since it was introduced into modern China. The goal of its practice changed from building an equal autonomy to building a new field of power operation, a new discourse of social improvement and a new way for profit-seeking capital. With the change of state regime, the construction had entered a climax stage. New Village then became the symbol of the rising political and social status of the working class, and the link between the change of urban nature and spatial development. Socialism collective life and the temporal and spatial separation or combination between production and live constructed the collective conscience and identity of residents. The above findings highlight the independence of architecture history from general history, help to examine the complexity of China’s localization New Village practice and the uniqueness of Tianjin’s urban history, and provide new ideas for the study of China’s modern urban housing development from the perspective of changes in daily life organization.
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Vang, E., I. I. ,. Orlov, and M. L. Polovinkina. "A Brief Overview of Historiography of Traditional Chinese Art." In Scientific achievements of the third millennium. НИЦ "LJournal", 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/satm-08-2023-03.

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This article examines the historiography of the problem of exploring the features of traditional art in China, which has been most clearly formed since about the 19th century. Later, already in the 20th century, the art and culture of the Chinese habitat is already clearly manifested in the variety of types and subjects of fine and decorative arts. The article gives a brief historiography of the problem from the beginning of the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century, when hundreds of articles were published on the visual and decorative applied traditional art of China. They present both scientific and informational materials on the general history of the emergence of traditional art, as well as on individual objects of Chinese traditional art.
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Wang, Facheng, Zhigang Liu, and Xinshuai Liu. "Full-History Finite Element Modelling of Pipe-in-Pipe Flowline System: From Installation to Operation." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10197.

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Developments of oil and gas reservoirs in South China Sea are presently accelerated, to cope with the significant increase in energy demand from the mainland. Pipe-in-Pipe (PIP) flowline systems have been widely employed in this region and are continuously being considered for further developments. This is due to its significant thermal insulation capacity to deal with the High Pressure and High Temperature (HPHT) issue. However, the methods in industry for design of PIP systems usually have two side extremes. Simplified analytical approach may lack of accuracy and detailed FE analysis always brings considerably sophisticated modelling and post-processing tasks. To overcome this situation, COTEC Offshore Solutions, together with its mother company, China Offshore Oil Engineering Company, have developed a cost-effective, beam elements based, 3D simulation model using ABAQUS, a general purpose finite element analysis (FEA) package. The mode allows complicated structures of PIP system to be represented in an effective way and adopts a representation of stinger for S-lay installation analysis. A full-history time-dominate analysis from installation to operation is performed in one model, rather than the commonly used ‘snapshot’ analysis. In this study, a simplified modeling guidance of PIP components have been suggested. On the basis of the guidance, a novel 3D beam-elements based model has been produced to accurately represent complex PIP structural behaviors, but with minimum increase in modeling complexity. The analysis is carried out on the time-domain basis, which permits the full strain and stress history of the installation and operation to be observed and the most onerous time-point during the full installation and operation to be captured.
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Arroyo Alba, P. P. "This Is not (only) a Bridge “ceci n'est pas (juste) un pont"." In IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.0316.

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<p>Infrastructures of all kinds are recently becoming more important components of our built environment. As part of a much larger research, professional and academic framework, named LOCUS (Laboratory of Context- based, User-experience Spaces), Prof. Dr. Pedro Pablo Arroyo Alba presents through some of his projects, mainly developed in Shanghai, China, how bridge design, beyond solving a problem of physical connectivity, offers the opportunity to provide for public spaces of destination where visitors prefer to stay and enjoy the surroundings, via the integration of engineering, architecture and landscape. Art, culture and history are very rich sources of inspiration during the process of adapting a generic structural system to a specific site.</p>
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Zhou, Lingli, Yi Zheng, Xlaoxia Duan, Yumlao Meng, Peng-peng Yu, Zhanke Li, Suofei Xiong, Fan Xiao, Yongbin Wang, and Jiaxi Zhou. "Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposits in China: a review of the geological characteristics and genesis." In Irish-type Zn-Pb deposits around the world. Irish Association for Economic Geology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61153/eyly2924.

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China is endowed with mineral resources due to its prolonged and dynamic geological evolutionary history. Marine carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposits are mostly concentrated in the southern part of China, represented by the world-class metallogenic belt in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou (“SYG”) triangle in the Yangtze Block, and those Pb-Zn deposits hosted in the Himalayan-Tibetan Orogenic Belt and in the Cathaysia Block. This paper presents a preliminary review of the geological characteristics of the major Pb-Zn mineral deposits in these regions, including the Huize, Maozu and Daliangzi deposits in the SYG triangle, the Jinding, Huoshaoyun and Chapupacha deposits in the Himalayan-Tibetan Orogenic Belt, and the Fankou and Panlong deposits in the Cathaysia Block. The aim is to gain an improved understanding of the geological controls on the carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposits in China. In general, the carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb deposits in the Yangtze and Cathaysia Blocks display many similarities, including the mineralization being mainly controlled by stratigraphy (i.e., coarse dolomite layers in certain stratigraphic units) and structure (i.e. well-developed fault systems). The deposits are distinctively high in Pb+Zn grades and enriched in dispersive elements including Ga, Ge, Ag, Cd, and Tl, and are spatially associated with the Permian Emeishan flood basalts. The most distinct geological features of the Zn-Pb deposits in the Himalayan-Tibetan Orogenic Belt is the occurrence of pervasive evaporites and the development of breccias and oxide ores. Overall, deep regional structures, including crustal faults and suture zones and the combined existence of organic matter and evaporites are among those crucial factors to form the large carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposits in China.
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Lei, Dongxue, and Andong Lu. "A Study of Chinese Traditional Wetland Island Settlement Combining Morphological and Narrative Analyses." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5895.

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A Study of Chinese Traditional Wetland Island Settlement Combining Morphological and Narrative Analyses Dongxue Lei¹, Andong Lu² School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing UniversityHankou Road 22#, Gulou District, Nanjing, ChinaE-mail: dxlei@outlook.com, andonglu@gmail.com Keywords (3-5): wetland island settlement, morphology, townscape, cognitive map Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology The Lixiahe region, a low-lying wetland located to the eastern side of the Huaiyang section of the Grand Canal, is characterized by a complex hydrological environment and has changed slowly in the urbanization process. The historical town of Shagou, a representative case of island settlements in this region, has a recorded history of continuous morphological change over six hundred years. Regarding Shagou as a cultural-geographical entity, this article aims at combining morphological analysis and narrative-based cognitive mapping to revel the characteristic townscape that strongly depends on cultural-geographic complexity. Based on survey work, this article will first define distinguishable plan elements that underpins the spatial form of Shagou: 1) natural context; 2) streets system; 3) plots system, and then investigate diachronically different phases of the formation of its spatial structure. On the other hand, based on archiving and data analysis of the oral history study, this article will generate a narrative cognitive map, in terms of paths, nodes, landmarks and areas. In conjunction with fieldwork and documentary record, this study testifies that the method derived from the plan analysis developed by Conzon is applicable to the study of wetland island settlement form in China and that narrative spatial analysis provides important supplemental spatial information. A careful combination of these methods might be used for understanding culturally embedded settlement forms in China. References (100 words) Conzen, M. R. G. (1960) Alnwick, Northumberland: A Study in Town-plan Analysis (London, George Philip). Herman, D. (ed.) (2003) Narrative theory and the cognitive sciences (Center for the Study of Language and Information Publication). Whitehand, J. W. R. and Gu, K. (2007) ‘Extending the compass of plan analysis: a Chinese exploration’, Urban Morphology, 11(2), 91-109. Whitehand, J. W. R. and Gu, K. (2007) ‘Urban conservation in China: Historical development, current practice and morphological approach’, The Town Planning Review, 78(5), 643-670.
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Reports on the topic "General History of China"

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Manning, Nick, and Mariano Lafuente. Leadership and Capacity Building for Public Sector Executives: Proceedings from the 2nd Policy and Knowledge Summit between China and Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007965.

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This discussion paper summarizes the proceedings at the Second China-Latin America and the Caribbean Policy and Knowledge Summit, focusing on leadership and capacity building for public sector executives. The event, sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Inter-American Development Bank, was held in Beijing and Shanghai, China in 2015. The paper discusses practices related to the management and training of public executives in China, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Jamaica, and Peru, and provides a general context for these practices in OECD and Latin American and Caribbean countries. The Summit identified common challenges among the countries, despite the obvious differences in terms of size and history, such as finding a balance between political neutrality and technical capacity and ensuring high ethical standards to address low citizen trust in the public sector.
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Mitchener, Kris James, and Se Yan. Globalization, Trade & Wages: What Does History tell us about China? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15679.

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Mills, G. S., K. S. Neuhauser, and J. D. Smith. Study of evacuation times based on general accident history. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/174688.

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Zou, Chuan, and Shuyu Hou. A Study of Continuing Education for General Practitioners in China. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.4.0043.

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Gruber, Jonathan, Mengyun Lin, and Junjian Yi. The Largest Insurance Expansion in History: Saving One Million Lives Per Year in China. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w31423.

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Gribbs, John M. President Roosevelt's Recall of General Stilwell from China: A Military Casualty of Bureaucratic Politics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada440887.

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Earley, Jeffrey R. Executive Summary: Senior Officer Oral History Program Interview of Lieutenant General (Retired) Arthur J. Gregg. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada326595.

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Granger, Elder. Executive Summary: Senior Officer Oral History Program Interview of Major General (Retired) Enrique Mendez, Jr. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada327382.

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Hanford, Craig B. Executive Summary: Senior Officer Oral History Program Interview of Lieutenant General (Retired) Emmett Paige, Jr. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada327894.

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Chang, Huey-Meei, and William Hannas. Spotlight on Beijing Institute for General Artificial Intelligence. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20230013.

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In late 2020, China established the Beijing Institute for General Artificial Intelligence, a state-backed institution dedicated to building software that emulates or surpasses human cognition in many or all of its aspects. Open source materials now available provide insight into BIGAI’s goals, scope, organization, methodology, and staffing. The project formalizes a trend evident in Chinese AI development toward broadly capable (general) AI.
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