Academic literature on the topic 'General growth conditions'
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Journal articles on the topic "General growth conditions"
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Cupini, Giovanni, Paolo Marcellini, and Elvira Mascolo. "Regularity under sharp anisotropic general growth conditions." Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B 11, no. 1 (2009): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/dcdsb.2009.11.67.
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Fusco, Nicola, and Andrea Cianchi. "Gradient regularity for minimizers under general growth conditions." Journal f�r die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Crelles Journal) 1999, no. 507 (February 1999): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/crll.1999.012.
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Cianchi, Andrea, and Nicola Fusco. "Gradient regularity for minimizers under general growth conditions." Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Crelles Journal) 1999, no. 507 (February 15, 1999): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/crll.1999.507.15.
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Marcellini, P. "Regularity for Elliptic Equations with General Growth Conditions." Journal of Differential Equations 105, no. 2 (October 1993): 296–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jdeq.1993.1091.
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Andrea, Cianchi. "Boundedness of solutions to variational problems under general growth conditions." Communications in Partial Differential Equations 22, no. 9-10 (January 1997): 1629–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03605309708821313.
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Marcellini, P. "Regularity for some scalar variational problems under general growth conditions." Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications 90, no. 1 (July 1996): 161–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02192251.
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Öztürk, E., H. Özer, and T. Polat. "Growth and yield of safflower genotypes grown under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions in a highland environment." Plant, Soil and Environment 54, No. 10 (October 24, 2008): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/403-pse.
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Producers in highland and semiarid regions have difficulty in increasing diversity in crop rotations due to unfavorable conditions imposed by cool temperatures, inadequate rainfall, and shorter growing periods. In such conditions, safflower appears as a promising alternative because it is cold and drought tolerant. The objective of this study was to determine the responses of the hybrid and open-pollinated safflower genotypes to irrigated and non-irrigated conditions in a highland environment. For this reason, the field research was performed during the years of 2001 and 2002 in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. According to the results of the study, safflower genotypes tested were well adapted to the cool and short-season conditions in this region. The response of seed yield to genotype varied depending on the growing seasons. The non-irrigated plants produced nearly the same seed yield as irrigated ones. Average seed yields of safflower genotypes tested were 914.3 and 928.0 kg/ha in 2001, and 1143.6 and 1139.9 kg/ha in 2002 years for irrigated and non-irrigated experiments, respectively. In general, the genotypes differed in all of the investigated traits. In both irrigated and non-irrigated experiments genotype × year interactions were very significant for all parameters. This research shows that in semiarid and highland environments safflower has a big potential value as an oilseed crop under dryland conditions.
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Balashov, M. V. "Growth Conditions on a Function and the Error Bound Condition." Mathematical Notes 109, no. 3-4 (March 2021): 638–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0001434621030342.
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McCarthy, Nicola. "Housing conditions affect tumour growth." Nature Reviews Neuroscience 11, no. 9 (August 11, 2010): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn2902.
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Badea, Catalin, and Vladimir Müller. "Invertible extensions and growth conditions." Comptes Rendus Mathematique 339, no. 1 (July 2004): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crma.2004.04.011.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "General growth conditions"
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O'Dea, Reuben. "Multiphase modelling of tissue growth in dynamic culture conditions." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10446/.
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In this thesis, a series of mathematical models suitable for describing biological tissue growth are developed. The motivation for this work is a bioreactor system which provides perfusion and compressive mechanical stimulation to a cell-seeded scaffold; however, the formulation is sufficiently general to be applied to a vast range of tissue engineering applications. Our models are used to investigate the influence of (i) cell-cell and cell-scaffold interactions, and (ii) the mechanical environment, on tissue growth. In the first part of the thesis, we extend a model due to Franks (2002) (in which the cell and culture medium phases are represented by viscous fluids) by including perfusion and coupling the cells' response to their environment. Specifically, we consider the effect of the cell density and pressure on tissue growth. We analyse the model using analytic and numerical techniques; numerical simulations suggest that comparison of construct morphology in the presence and absence of perfusion provides a means to identify the dominant regulatory growth stimulus. The solid characteristics of the construct and interactions between the cells and scaffold are necessarily neglected in the two phase model. Guided by this, we develop more complex three phase models. Using numerical simulations, the influence of cell-cell and cell-scaffold interactions is investigated and less porous scaffolds are shown to improve control over cell behaviour. We use the model to compare the cells' response to different regulatory stimuli, including flow-induced shear stress. Our results suggest that uniform initial cell seeding and stimulating cell movement are crucial in maintaining the mechanical integrity of tissue constructs. We also study the effect of scaffold compression on the mechanical environment of the cells contained within, developing both a classical Biot formulation and a multiphase model. We demonstrate that the bioreactor geometry introduces significant spatial variation in the mechanical stimuli relevant to tissue growth and that such considerations will play a key role in comprehensive models of mechanotransduction-affected growth.
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Beckwith, Philippa. "Post-traumatic growth in physical health conditions : the role of distress and cognitive processing." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/358525/.
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Physical health conditions can be traumatic and are often associated with psychological morbidity. Recently, researchers have recognised that people are also capable of experiencing enhanced interpersonal relationships, greater appreciation of life and increased personal strength as a result of physical health problems. Typically, this posttraumatic growth has been conceptualised from the perspective of acute trauma, thus a need to better understand the development of the phenomenon for people with health related trauma and examine the relevance of current theoretical models was identified. This review presents an evaluation of empirical literature relating to four theoretical models of posttraumatic growth. The review highlights the commonalities of the models in their emphasis on distress and cognitive processing as crucial for positive outcomes although the research reflects mixed findings for the role of distress. The discussion explores the clinical implications of the literature whilst acknowledging the need for further, theory-driven research with populations affected by sudden onset physical health conditions. Consequently, the empirical paper examines key predictions of an influential theoretical model of posttraumatic growth in adults after spinal cord injury. Using a cross-sectional design, the study aimed to understand the role of cognitive processing and distress in the development of posttraumatic growth. A total of 102 participants between one and 42 months post-injury completed measures of anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, intrusive rumination, deliberate rumination and posttraumatic growth. Overall, participants exhibited comparable levels of posttraumatic growth to other health populations with depression and deliberate cognitive processing significantly predictive of growth outcomes. However, different types of distress showed different relationships with posttraumatic growth. The study findings were consistent with other empirical studies and revealed important clinical implications for the provision of psychological therapy to people after spinal cord injury. The methodological limitations and modifications that would benefit from further research are discussed.
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Changsawang, Narin. "The effects of growth conditions on the elemental and biochemical composition of the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii and the haptophyte Emiliania huxleyi." Thesis, University of Essex, 2015. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/15697/.
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A change in environmental conditions often leads to changes of physiology and biochemical composition of microalgae. Temperature and light intensity are important environmental factors regulating the growth of microalgae. In this study, the elemental and biochemical composition were measured in 2 marine microalgae under different temperatures and light intensities in nutrient replete and deplete conditions. The effect of temperature was observed in the marine haptophyte Emiliania huxleyi (CCMP 1516) at nutrient replete semi-continuous cultures. Triplicate cultures were incubated different temperature from 14 to 22oC and under photon flux densities (PFD) 600 μmol photons m−2 s−1. The growth rate (GR) of E. huxleyi increased with temperature. Cell volume varied with temperature, being about 40% smaller at higher temperature (22oC). Cellular chlorophyll a (chl a), nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon contents were also lower at 22oC than other temperatures. Protein, total amino acids from free and combined amino acid, and total pigments [mol accessory pigment (mol chl a)-1] were decreased with increasing temperature; however, the opposite response was observed in fatty acids. In addition to the effect of combined temperature and light intensity was investigated in the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii (CCMP 1056) under nutrient-limited semi-continuous cultures. The cultures were incubated at 16 and 26°C and PFD of 50 ± 10 (low light; LL) and 500 ± 10 (high light; HL) μmol photons m−2 s−1. HL incubated-cultures were diluted at 50% day-1 and LL incubated-cultures were diluted at 25% day-1. The GR were largely set by dilution rate (nitrogen limitation), but not by temperature and irradiance. The GR were around 0.72 d-1 in HL placed-cultures and 0.32 d-1 in the LL placed-cultures. Temperature did not affect mean cell size, whereas mean cell size decreased with increased irradiance by 20 to 29 %. Both temperature and irradiance influenced cellular chl a, carbon and chl a specific light absorption. Cellular nitrogen and phosphorus varied with temperature and irradiance. Protein, total amino acid (free and combined amino acid) and total fatty acid increased with increased temperature and irradiance; however, the opposite response was found in carbohydrate. Overall, temperature and light affected elemental and biochemical composition in 2 marine microalgae. Both relationship of the chlorophyll (chl):carbon (C) and RNA:protein ratio and growth rate in E. huxleyi under variable temperature positively supported a bio-optical and growth rate hypothesis respectively. However, the opposite response was found in T. weissflogii. Instead the C:chl and RNA:protein ratio and growth rate in T. weissflogii under variable irradiance positively supported a bio-optical and growth rate hypothesis.
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Longlands, Sarah L. J. "The Growth Prerogative : how does an objective of economic growth influence local planning policy?" Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7327/.
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This research aimed to explore the privileging of growth and its influence on planning in England. The research examined two contrasting case studies: Middlesbrough Borough Council and Cambridge City Council. The analysis of growth privileging is rooted within a constructionist ontology which argues that planning is about the way in which people construct value relative to the function of land. This perspective enables the research to position growth privileging as a social construction; a particular mental frame for understanding and analyzing place based challenges and an approach which has been increasingly absorbed by the UK planning community. Through interviews with a range of planning actors, the first part of the research examined the state of planning in the current political and economic context and the influence that a privileging of growth has on planning. The second part of the research investigated the merits and feasibility of the capabilities approach as an alternative mental frame for planning, an approach developed through the work of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum. The research results disaggregate the concept of economic growth, based on the responses of interviewees and conclude that it is characterized by homogeneity. Growth is valued, not only because of its economic role, for example, supporting jobs and income but its potential in creating diversity, enriching culture and precipitating transformative change. Pursuing growth as an objective has a range of influences upon planning. In particular, it supports a utilitarian framework for decision-making which values spatial decisions on their ability to support aggregate economic growth. The research demonstrates the feasibility and merits of the capabilities approach as a means with which to better understand the relationship between planning and human flourishing. Based on this analysis, the research proposes that the capabilities approach can provide an alternative ‘mental frame’ for planning which privileges human flourishing as the primary objective or ‘final end’ instead of economic growth.
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Angjellari-Dajci, Fjorentina. "Output performance, institutions and structural policy reforms for transition economies." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/86.
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Potter, Megan Lynn. "Effect of circovirus vaccination on immune responses, viral load, and growth performance of pigs under field conditions." Diss., Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/6692.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology
Steven S. Dritz
Vaccination against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) has become a standard practice to improve pig mortality and growth rate in PCV2-affected herds. Unfortunately, there has been little field-based research evaluating factors which affect circovirus vaccination. The focus of this research was on potential vaccination-affecting factors such as age, dosing strategy, pig genetic makeup, and interaction with other vaccines. A total of 6,275 pigs were used to determine factors which affect circovirus vaccination and the effects of vaccination on average daily gain (ADG), immune responses, and viral circulation under field conditions. In the first study evaluating circovirus vaccination effects on PCV2 antibody titer, regardless of age and dose administration protocol, pigs vaccinated with a 2-dose circovirus vaccine had increased (P ≤ 0.008) antibody titers compared with non-vaccinates. In a second study, dosing strategy failed (P = 0.31) to affect antibody titers. However, product and time after vaccination did affect (P = 0.005) antibody titers. In another 130-d study across the nursery and finishing phases, pigs vaccinated with a 2-dose circovirus vaccine had decreased (P < 0.001) serum PCV2 viral load compared with non-vaccinates and ADG of vaccinates was better than non-vaccinates. However, the effect was more pronounced (vaccination-by-genetic interaction, P ≤ 0.05) in Duroc-based compared to Pietrain-based pigs. In a study limited to the nursery phase, vaccination for PCV2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae independently reduced ADG and consumption, but the effect was product-dependent. In a 155-d study across the nursery and finishing phases, vaccination with a 2-dose, 2-vaccine program for PCV2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae decreased (P < 0.001) nursery ADG but tended to increase (P = 0.06) finishing ADG compared to a 1-dose, 2-vaccine program, with no difference (P = 0.66) observed between final pig weights. Finally, circovirus vaccination affected PCV2-circulation in high-health research herds but not in a commercial herd where PCV2 DNA was detected in the environment. These results indicate that finishing performance was improved by a 2-dose circovirus vaccine; however, nursery performance was negatively affected by the same product. Circovirus vaccination responses of growth, viral load, and antibody titer were affected by pig genetic makeup, product, and PCV2-exposure status.
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Walker, Martyn. "'Solid and practical education within reach of the humblest means' : the growth and development of the Yorkshire Union of Mechanics' Institutes 1838-1891." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2010. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/9087/.
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This thesis questions the generally accepted view that mechanics’ institutes made little contribution to adult working-class education from their foundation in the 1820s to the last decade of the nineteenth century when, finally, government recognised the importance of adult and further education with the passing of the Technical Instructions Acts of 1889 and 1891. It addresses the issue of what impact the mechanics’ institutes exerted upon the adult working classes in a regional context. It has also questioned research previously carried out by a number of historians who hold the view that by 1850 the mechanics’ institutes’ movement was in decline. This thesis argues that in Yorkshire the movement, through no small contribution made by the Yorkshire Union of Mechanics’ Institutes, went from strength to strength and responded to the need for relevant curricula throughout the period of study. It establishes that mechanics’ institutes of the Yorkshire Union (1838 – 1891) were not only to be found in the urban and industrialising towns, but many were also located in the rural and semi-rural areas of the Dales and Pennines. Across the Yorkshire Union as a whole there were similar patterns in growth and development. This thesis establishes that not only did mechanics' institutes support the working classes but they also provided a firm foundation for technical and further education, which was built on through the passing of the 1889 and 1891 Technical Instruction Acts. Several institutes either became technical schools or had established a tradition of adult education which was taken up by the new technical colleges of the early twentieth century. Many smaller institutes either became satellite centres for local colleges or became public libraries and museums. The nineteenth century success of the mechanics’ institutes foreshadowed the later development of adult education.
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MAZZOLA, MARCO. "Properties of solutions to variational problems." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/18339.
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In the context of the variational problems related to integral functionals, we study some necessary conditions for a solution u without standard growth assumptions and strong differentiability conditions on the Lagrangian L. In particular, we investigate the validity of the Euler-Lagrange equation, in its classical and non-classical form, in the cases of functionals with non-differentiable convex Lagrangian or with super-exponential growth for L. Moreover, we investigate the regularity properties for minimizers, concerning higher integrability of the gradient as well as higher differentiability under general growth conditions and mild differentiability assumptions on L.
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Zervas, Peter G. "Age, Reproduction, Growth, Condition and Diet of the Introduced Yellow Bass, Morone mississippiensis, in Barren River Lake, Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/203.
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Introduction of fish species to North American drainages has occurred for over 100 years. Introduced fish species have been documented to have adverse effects on both the environment and native species of the drainage into which they have been introduced. To better understand the effects that introduced species may have on a particular drainage, it is essential to understand aspects of the introduced species’ life history. The objectives of the current study is to quantify the age, reproduction, growth, condition and diet of the yellow bass, Morone mississippiensis, in Barren River Lake, Kentucky. Monthly collections from three areas on Barren River Lake were made via a boat-mounted electrofisher from March 2008 to March 2009. Fish age was estimated by examining the sagittal otoliths of each individual. Reproductive condition was assessed using the mean gonadosomatic index (GSI) of all sexually mature individuals by month. Yearly growth rates were estimated by computing the mean length at age for each age class and subsequent calculation of the von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF). To estimate the condition of yellow bass as it changed throughout the sample period, relative weight of each individual was calculated and the mean monthly relative weight was calculated. To examine the diet of yellow bass, diet items were identified to the lowest practical taxonomic level. Then, dry weight of each diet item was estimated and pooled by season to assess the season changes in the diet of yellow bass. Individuals of age group 3 were the most frequent. Mean GSI was significantly higher in March, April and May of 2008. Calculation of the VBGF yielded 254.7 mm as the maximum attainable mean total length of yellow bass in Barren River Lake. VBGF predicted mean total lengths of age classes 0-8 were as follows: 21.7 mm, 64.4 mm, 99.2 mm, 127.7 mm, 151.0 mm, 170.0 mm, 185.5 mm, 198.2 mm, and 208.5 mm. Relative weight was highest in summer. The diet of adult and sub-adult yellow bass relied heavily on chironomid larvae and pupae throughout the year, although diet item consumption was very low in winter. Young-of-year gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), however, became the most important adult diet item in the spring and summer. To better understand the impacts that the introduced yellow bass has on the ecosystem of Barren Rive Lake, a multi-year study including an estimation of relative abundance is recommended.
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Liguori, M. "BIOLOGICAL ROLE OF OSTEOACTIVIN, A PROTEIN EXPRESSED BY TUMOR-CONDITIONED MACROPHAGES, IN THE PROCESSES OF TUMOR GROWTH AND TISSUE REPAIR." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/481318.
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Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAM) are key orchestrators of the tumor microenvironment, directly affecting neoplastic cell growth, neo-angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling and immunosuppression. In a gene profiling analysis on tumor-conditioned macrophages cultured in vitro with tumor cell supernatants, we identified a number of up-regulated genes. One of the most expressed gene was Gpnmb, coding for a protein called Human Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB), also named Osteoactivin (OA). Osteoactivin is a trans-membrane and shed molecule with diverse biological functions, spanning from cell adhesion and migration, to immune-suppression and tissue repair. This study investigates the modulation of this protein and its functional role in monocytes/macrophages and TAM, in the tumor context. In human monocytes, expression of OA is up-regulated by anti-inflammatory stimuli, in particular IL-10, and corticosteroids. Immunostimulatory cytokines (IFNγ, IL-1β) or LPS are not stimulating its production. Accordingly, in vitro M2-polarized macrophages express more OA than M1-macrophages.
A spontaneous mutation of the Gpnmb gene occurred in the DBA/2J mouse strain. The mutation causes a premature stop codon and generation of a truncated non-functional protein. This strain, and the reconstituted DBA/2J-Gpnmb+ mice with functional OA, are commercially available. OA-defective mice do not have obvious major problems, with the exception of the known rapid onset of glaucoma.
To clarify the role of this protein in the tumor microenvironment, we generated methylcolantrene-induced fibrosarcoma in these mice. Both mouse strains produced tumors with a similar incidence. We established and characterized 2 cell lines from DBA/2JGpnmb+ mice and 2 from DBA/2J mice. Tumors from DBA/2J mice grew earlier in DBA/2JGpnmb+ mice, indicating that the protein Osteoactivin produced by stromal cells, including TAM, enhanced tumor growth. To better understand the function of this protein, we generated isogenic cell lines expressing or not the functional OA protein (G2 OA and G2 MOCK cells). Osteoactivin -expressing cells grew faster in vitro and under serum-free conditions were able to survive and to form spheroids which go on proliferating in an anchorage-independent manner. OA-expressing cells present typical cancer stem cell markers on their membranes such as Sca1, CD117 and SOX-2 and they are able to self-renew. The in vivo experiments demonstrated that Osteoactivin expression is associated with a significantly more aggressive phenotype, both in terms of tumor-take and tumor growth compared to OA-defective cell lines. We further demonstrated that OA-expressing tumors have higher mRNA levels of specific stem markers and in particular Nanog, SOX-2 and Brachyury.
From these data we can speculate that the production of Osteoactivin and its secretion by macrophages in the tumor microenvironment might be involved in the maintenance of cancer cell stemness and their proliferative potential.
Books on the topic "General growth conditions"
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Fane, George. How economic growth reduces poverty: A general equilibrium analysis for Indonesia. Helsinki: United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economics Research, 2002.
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Economic growth and migration during the industrialization of Sweden: A general equilibrium approach. Stockholm: Stockholm School of Economics, Economic Research Institute, 1985.
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Commission, National Union of General Workers (Denmark) Growth. We want growth, prosperity and welfare: Ways to rightful and good living conditions for all : report from the National Union of General Workers' Growth Commission. [Denmark]: The Commission, 1986.
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Korea's growth and industrial transformation. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 1998.
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1929-, Adams F. Gerard, ed. Accelerating Japan's economic growth: Resolving Japan's growth controversy. New York, NY: Routledge, 2007.
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Tully, Mark. India: Economic growth is not enough. London: London Schoool of Economics and Political Science, Suntory Toyota International Centre for Economics and Related Disciplines, 1989.
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Inc, New Strategist Publications, ed. Regional markets: The demographics of growth and decline. Ithaca, N.Y: New Strategist Publications, 1999.
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Kushnirsky, Fyodor I. Growth and inflation in the Soviet economy. Boulder: Westview Press, 1989.
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Boserup, Ester. Conditions of Agricultural Growth. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.
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Boserup, Ester. Conditions of Agricultural Growth. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "General growth conditions"
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Marcellini, Paolo. "General Growth Conditions and Regularity." In Variational Methods for Discontinuous Structures, 111–18. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9244-5_10.
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Henneberg, M. "Secular Trends in Body Height — Indicator of General Improvement In Living Conditions or of a Change in Specific Factors?" In Perspectives in Human Growth, Development and Maturation, 159–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9801-9_14.
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Egli, Dennis B. "Growth of crop communities and the production of yield." In Applied crop physiology: understanding the fundamentals of grain crop management, 50–88. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245950.0003.
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Abstract This chapter focuses on developing general model of community growth and the production of yield by grain crops. Murata's (1969) three-stage system provides such a model. It is useful because it is simple (only three stages), it applies equally well to all grain crop species (although there are some species variation in minor details), it clearly identifies the sequential nature of the yield production process and the three stages relate to the primary drivers of the yield production process at the community level. First, the crop must accumulate the leaf area that drives community photosynthesis (Stage I), then seed number is determined (Stage II), and finally seed filling occurs (Stage III) and the production of yield is finished. High yield of any variety/location combination requires, at a minimum: (i) the production of enough leaf area index (LAI) during Stage I to maximize solar radiation interception and community photosynthesis; and (ii) an absence of stress during Stage II to maximize seed number and during Stage III to allow the seeds to fill to their maximum potential size. The scheme provides a powerful framework for us to think about how management decisions and environmental conditions affect yield.
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Leto, Rodrigo Nicolás Benítez, and Savarese Ariel Jose. "Free Zones as Booster of Growth of Ports." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1373–78. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_121.
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AbstractFree zones are defined as: “a field where the goods are not subject to the usual control from the customs service and its introduction and extraction are just only taxed with service tax which can be created and there is no economic prohibition on it”.In Argentina, Law N° 24.331 says that the free zones can be of storage, commercial, services or industrial. The tax benefits that this legal regime provides are that the goods in this area are not subject to export or import taxes, created or to be created. Despite the fact that the free zones are a key tool in developing economically deprived areas in a country or a region, those can not do it by themselves. Free zones must be integrated to the logistic and industrial system of the region, making, in this way, the necessary synergy in order to succeed.Port of Barranqueras which is located on the right bank of the Paraguay - Paraná Waterway in the province of Chaco, Argentina, at around 1,000 km North of Buenos Aires city. Historically, this is a marginal area of Argentina in terms of investment and development, with large infrastructure deficiencies. However, the Port of Barranqueras has unique advantages like its location on the geographic center of MERCOSUR with good road (RN11 & RN14) and railway (Belgrano Cargas) connections; unique possibilities for sustainable growth as it is not constrained by large urban areas and for being a multimodal port with facilities for container and general cargo handling as well as grain storage. Those characteristics make it ideal to set up a free zone.The objective of this paper is to analyze how a free zone integrated to the Port of Barranqueras will enhance it until converting it into an industrial and logistic center, making more competitive all the export industries in the zone. This analysis includes a map that will help others in similar conditions.
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Mao, Gang. "A Study of Bio-Computational Design in Terms of Enhancing Water Absorption by Method of Bionics Within the Architectural Fields." In Proceedings of the 2021 DigitalFUTURES, 102–13. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5983-6_10.
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AbstractThis essay aims to explore an architecture computational design intended to accept and absorb moisture through geometrical and material conditions, and using design strategies, help deliver this moisture upwards through capillary action to areas of cryptogamic growth including mosses and smaller ferns on the surface of architecture. The purpose of this research project is to explore the morphology of general capillary systems based on research into the principle of xylematic structures in trees, thereby creating a range of capillary designs using three types of material: plaster, 3D print plastic, and concrete. In addition, computational studies are used to examine various types of computational designs of organic structures, such as columns, driven by physical and environmental conditions such as sunshine, shade, tides and other biological processes to explore three-dimensional particle-based branching systems that define both structural and water delivery paths.
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de Jong, Michiel. "Arms Exports and Export Control of the Dutch Republic 1585–1621." In NL ARMS, 289–309. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-471-6_16.
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AbstractThe Dutch Republic underwent a process of state formation, accelerated economic growth and military reforms during the Eighty Years War. In particular between 1585 and 1621, Dutch merchant-entrepreneurs built up a burgeoning arms industry and sector of arms exports. These exports required a system of passports, still an under-researched theme in current literature, organized by the States-General and admiralties in order to support exports to neutral and allied states, but to forestall these did not fall into enemy hands. In particular, the system of passports shows how merchants, acting as intermediaries between allies and the States-General and the admiralties, could meet the volatile demand of war materials. As a result, the supply side of the export market was oligopolistic, but the composition of the group of oligopolists varied depending on the region and the prevailing market conditions in question. From this study it can be concluded that the system of export control had only a limited effectiveness regarding the creative arms exports to Spanish Habsburg destinations, due to divergent central and local interests. However, the major part of the Dutch arms exports flowed to allies such as France, Venice, Sweden and the German protestant states. Dutch merchants provided them with batches of strategic materials and total package-deals of armaments for entire army and navy units. From 1621, the States-General supported these transactions by supplying war materials from the state arsenals fostering timely and largescale deliveries, meeting volatile demand conditions.
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Wennberg, Karl, and Christian Sandström. "Introduction." In International Studies in Entrepreneurship, 3–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94273-1_1.
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AbstractWestern economies are struggling to recover from a decade of Plagued by structural crises, an ongoing pandemic, high unemployment and sluggish growth. As progressively looser monetary and fiscal policies have not helped, both the EU and national governments have increasingly turned towards interventionist industrial policies. Mariana Mazzucato’s The Entrepreneurial State (2011) provided an intellectual justification for these efforts, and consequently gained popularity. The message was clear: in order to get more innovation, entrepreneurship, sustainable development and growth we need more government, not less. In this book, 30 international scholars address the core ideas underpinning the entrepreneurial state. We provide evidence of both historical and recent failures of “green deals” and similar efforts, while also developing novel directions for innovation policy. In many regards, this book is a warning: huge government schemes towards specific, noble outcomes have historically been plagued with failures. In sum, we argue that innovation policy needs to be inverted: instead of being specific and targeted, it needs to be broad and general, focusing on the general conditions for firms to operate. Instead of providing targeted support to certain firms, industries or even technologies, innovation policy needs to constructively deal with barriers to innovation, including the proactive handling of vested interest groups.
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D’Orangeville, Loïc, Martin-Hugues St-Laurent, Laura Boisvert-Marsh, Xianliang Zhang, Guillaume Bastille-Rousseau, and Malcolm Itter. "Current Symptoms of Climate Change in Boreal Forest Trees and Wildlife." In Advances in Global Change Research, 747–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15988-6_30.
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AbstractMeasuring climate change impacts on forest ecosystems can be challenging, as many of these changes are imperceptible within the typical time scale of short-term (e.g., 3–4 years) funding of research projects. Boreal trees are notoriously imperturbable, given their tolerance to harsh conditions and their adaptability. However, the buildup of decades of warming should now translate into measurable alterations of boreal ecosystem processes. The boreal forest is host to numerous northern animals; therefore, any change in boreal forest dynamics should affect wildlife. In this chapter, we aim to provide a nonexhaustive synthesis of documented impacts of climate change on selected key processes driving boreal forest ecosystem dynamics. We focus on the themes of plant and wildlife range shifts and stand growth and death, as they are keystone parameters of boreal forest ecosystem health that are symptomatic of climate change impacts on the boreal biota. For each theme, we introduce the general concepts and processes, convey some of the limitations of current assessments, and suggest future pressing challenges.
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Hansel, Julia, and Antonia Graf. "Subjectification, Technology, and Rationality – Sustainable Transformation of the Mobility Sector from a Governmentality Perspective." In Towards User-Centric Transport in Europe 3, 215–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26155-8_13.
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AbstractShared mobility services play an essential role in a sustainable mobility transition and unfold among so-called smart technologies. Although this can positively affect mobility, it also poses challenges for the development of sustainable urban mobility, for example, because the smart options are not equally available to all people or are inaccessible. Issues of social or ecological inequality as well as the digital exclusion of people in the mobility sector are increasingly becoming the focus of attention. Largely unexplored in this context is how the subjects of shared mobility services will be conceived, and what knowledge, skills, and resources they should bring to use smart and shared mobility services in the future. We contribute to closing this research gap by investigating the rationalities that sustainable smart and shared mobility transformation follow, which developments are triggered by the technologies, and in which ways identification offers address subjects. Foucault’s concept of governmentality is used as a theoretical perspective and nuanced with critical (feminist) literature on identity formation. Methodologically, this article works with qualitative content analysis of policy documents and an ethnographically oriented observation of registration conditions in various car-, bike-, electronic moped, and scooter-sharing services. The results show that subjects are addressed in a rather general way, and their (special) needs are hardly considered. Instead, they are addressed as flexible citizen-consumers and correspond with the rationality of (green) economic growth and the liberal paradigm. Accordingly, the technologies aim for innovation, fair competition, and the provision of public space by the state.
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Palm, Harry W., Ulrich Knaus, Samuel Appelbaum, Sebastian M. Strauch, and Benz Kotzen. "Coupled Aquaponics Systems." In Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 163–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_7.
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AbstractCoupled aquaponics is the archetype form of aquaponics. The technical complexity increases with the scale of production and required water treatment, e.g. filtration, UV light for microbial control, automatic controlled feeding, computerization and biosecurity. Upscaling is realized through multiunit systems that allow staggered fish production, parallel cultivation of different plants and application of several hydroponic subsystems. The main task of coupled aquaponics is the purification of aquaculture process water through integration of plants which add economic benefits when selecting suitable species like herbs, medicinal plants or ornamentals. Thus, coupled aquaponics with closed water recirculation systems has a particular role to fulfil.Under fully closed recirculation of nutrient enriched water, the symbiotic community of fish, plants and bacteria can result in higher yields compared with stand-alone fish production and/or plant cultivation. Fish and plant choices are highly diverse and only limited by water quality parameters, strongly influenced by fish feed, the plant cultivation area and component ratios that are often not ideal. Carps, tilapia and catfish are most commonly used, though more sensitive fish species and crayfish have been applied. Polyponics and additional fertilizers are methods to improve plant quality in the case of growth deficiencies, boosting plant production and increasing total yield.The main advantages of coupled aquaponics are in the most efficient use of resources such as feed for nutrient input, phosphorous, water and energy as well as in an increase of fish welfare. The multivariate system design approach allows coupled aquaponics to be installed in all geographic regions, from the high latitudes to arid and desert regions, with specific adaptation to the local environmental conditions. This chapter provides an overview of the historical development, general system design, upscaling, saline and brackish water systems, fish and plant choices as well as management issues of coupled aquaponics especially in Europe.
Conference papers on the topic "General growth conditions"
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Gwiazda, Piotr, Agnieszka Świerczewska-Gwiazda, Aneta Wróblewska, and Andrzej Warzyński. "Well-posedness for a class of non-Newtonian fluids with general growth conditions." In Nonlocal and Abstract Parabolic Equations and their Applications. Warsaw: Institute of Mathematics Polish Academy of Sciences, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/bc86-0-7.
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Badillo, Arnoldo A. "Phase-Field Simulations of Bubble Growth Under Convective Conditions." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65925.
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Although many years have past from the pioneer work of Lord Rayleigh [1] on bubble growth in the inertia controlled regime and later from Scriven [2], Plesset and Zwick [3] for the diffusion controlled regime, we are still missing mathematical model able to predict accurately both situations. Advances in computational power open the possibility of exploring up-close the transport phenomena in the vicinity of the liquid-vapor interface at an unprecedented resolution. Nonetheless, a high numerical resolution is not enough to fully solve the general problem of bubble growth. New models based on a sharp-interface interpretation of the liquid-vapor interface, have proven to provide accurate results in the diffusion controlled regime, however, these models must assume the interface temperature at the saturation value, restricting their application to physical situations where the evaporation rate satisfies the Stefan condition and bubbles are big enough as to neglect the curvature effects in the interface temperature. In an attempt to provide a more general framework to study bubble growth, a new phase-field model has recently been derived, where no assumption is made on the interface temperature. In this new model, the evaporation rate depends on the local interface temperature and not directly on the heat balance at the liquid-vapor interface. In principle, this particular feature of the model should allow us to simulate both, the inertia and diffusion controlled regimes, but the model has only been validated for the latter. The next step in the validation process is the simulation of bubble growth under convective conditions. Experiments of single bubbles growing and rising up under normal gravity conditions have shown that the growth exponent is about 0.8, in contrast to the value of 1.0 for the inertial controlled regime and 0.5 for the diffusion controlled regime. In this work, fully three dimensional phase-field simulations of bubble growth under convective conditions are presented, where the predicted bubble size and growth exponent compare very well to experimental observations.
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Delcheva, Elvira, Iskra Nencheva, and Nikolay Penev. "REGULATORY CHALLENGES FOR THE MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN BULGARIA AND THE EUROPEAN UNION." In AGRIBUSINESS AND RURAL AREAS - ECONOMY, INNOVATION AND GROWTH 2021. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/ara2021.348.
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An integral part of the conditions of the agricultural market in Bulgaria are the laws and regulations collected in ordinances and regulations imposed by state agencies monitoring the quality and safety of agricultural products traded on the Bulgarian market. The goals are to achieve equal conditions for market participation, tax reporting, quality control. In the last two years we have been observers and participants in the accompanying Covid-19 crisis related to the consequences of Covid-19, both in Bulgaria and the European Union, and around the world. Inevitably, the effects of the restriction and the measures caused by the crown crisis will continue to prolong over time in the agricultural sector and agriculture in general. The purpose of this study is to trace how the current regulatory norms affect the sale of agricultural production and how the restriction has affected the crisis. Are regulatory norms a condition for market development or are they a barrier to market entry and survival and what protection do they provide to end users?
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Begembekov, K. N., K. S. Nurgazy, A. M. Ombaev, B. O. Nurgazy, and A. E. Abdurasulova. "FEATURES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF GABIES OF DIFFERENT BREEDS AND THEIR MIXES IN THE SAME CONDITIONS OF FEEDING AND CONTENT." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.106-110.
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The article presents the results of a study to determine the characteristics of the growth and development of gobies of Kazakh white-headed, Hereford breeds and their crosses when grown in the same feeding and keeping conditions. In general, for the entire period of cultivation, crossbreeds were distinguished by the highest level of average daily gain in live weight, the smallest by the Kazakh white-headed breed, and Herefords occupied an intermediate position.
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Zuo, Jianzheng, Xiaomin Deng, and Michael A. Sutton. "Computational Aspects of Three-Dimensional Crack Growth Simulations." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60699.
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An important task in mixed-mode fracture analysis and prediction is the simulation of crack growth under mixed-mode conditions. To complete such a task, one must have (a) a computer code capable of handling the kinematics of general crack growth and determining the stress and deformation states during crack growth, and (b) a fracture criterion that can properly predict the onset and direction of crack growth. A current challenge is the simulation of mixed-mode crack growth under three-dimensional (3D) conditions, such as the growth of surface cracks, corner cracks, embedded cracks, and cracks with a curved crack surface and/or a curved crack front. This paper focuses on item (a) in the above discussion and describes the computational aspects of a simulation procedure, which can be used together with a given fracture criterion to simulate crack growth. For illustration purposes, a CTOD fracture criterion (e.g. [11]) will be used when needed. The associated algorithms for simulating arbitrary 3D crack growth under general loading conditions have been developed and successfully implemented by the authors in a custom, finite element based, crack growth analysis and simulation code—CRACK3D. In particular, this paper will present strategies for automatic re-meshing of regions around growing crack fronts in a 3D body, and will discuss verification examples.
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Wang, Y., and J. Pan. "A Plastic Fracture Mechanics Analysis of Small Case B Fatigue Cracks Under Multiaxial Loading Conditions." In ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-237.
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The near-tip fields of small Case B cracks in power-law hardening materials are investigated under generalized plane-strain and general yielding conditions by finite element analyses. The results for two different crack orientations are examined and compared. The results indicate that the plastic deformation patterns near the tips of the cracks of two different orientations are remarkably similar in terms of the global coordinates. The results of the J integral from the finite element analyses are used to correlate to a fatigue crack growth criterion for Case B cracks. The trends of constant ΔJ contours on the Γ-plane for two cracks of different orientations are virtually the same. Further, the trends are compared reasonably well with those of the experimental results of constant fatigue life and constant fatigue crack growth rate.
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Nunes, Edmundo M., Mohammad H. N. Naraghi, Hui Zhang, and Vishwanath Prasad. "A Volume Radiation Heat Transfer Model for Czochralski Crystal Growth Processes." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1485.
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Abstract Thermal modeling of Czochralski (CZ) crystal growth processes is a challenging task owing to the complex interaction of heat conduction, convection, thermal radiation, fluid flow, and other transport phenomena. A highly innovative, general-purpose computer model for phase-change and free-surface problems, utilizing a multi-zone adaptive grid generation and curvilinear finite volume scheme, is linked to a spectral, volume and surface thermal radiation algorithm to predict the temperature distribution within a Czochralski growth furnace. The radiative transfer model, based upon the Discrete Exchange Factor (DEF) method, is capable of addressing the complexities due to irregularly-shaped axisymmetric geometries and shadowing effects. A unified exchange factor model is used to account for multiple reflection/scattering of radiation within the enclosure. Several numerical trials are performed to simulate the CZ growth of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG). The effect of the top surface boundary condition on temperature profile, crystal/melt interface shape, and process stability is studied to examine the applicability of this model to control the growth conditions and interface shape. The results show that there exists a temperature range for this surface for which the desirable conditions for crystal growth are possible. This limiting temperature range is, however, dynamic and changes as the growth progresses.
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Suman, Alessio, Alessandro Vulpio, Nicola Casari, and Michele Pinelli. "A Stochastic Model for Nanoparticle Deposits Growth." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-59458.
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Abstract Natural events and human activities are responsible for the generation and transport of large amounts of micro-sized particles, which could contaminate several engineering devices like solar panels, wind turbines, and aero-engines. In industrial processes, systems as heat exchangers, fans, and dust collectors are continuously affected by nanoparticles’ interaction. For several applications, the adhesion of such nanoparticles is detrimental, generating safety and performance issues. Particle-to-particle and particle-to-surface interactions are well known, even if a general explanation of nanoparticle deposit growth is still unknown. In the present paper, an interpretation of deposit growth due to nanoparticle deposition can predict particle adhesion, and layer accretion is proposed. A statistical model and a set of coefficients are used to generalize nanoparticle deposits’ growth by an S-shaped function. In particular, the nanoparticle deposits grow analogously to a typical autonomous population settlement in a virgin area following statistical rule, which includes the initial growth, the successive stable condition (development), and catastrophic events able to destroy the layer. This approach generalizes nanoparticle adhesion/deposition behavior, overpassing the constraints reported in common deposition models, mainly focused on the mechanical aspect of the nanoparticle impact event. The catastrophic events, such as layer detachment, are modeled with a Poisson’s distribution, related to material characteristics and impact conditions. This innovative approach, analogies, and coefficients applied to common engineering applications may be the starting point for improving the prediction capability of nanoparticle deposition.
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Lamborn, Lyndon, Greg Nelson, and James Harter. "Negligible Crack Growth Thresholds." In 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9248.
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Abstract This paper initiates use of fracture mechanics best practice growth models and tools for pipeline steels with full tri-region da/dN characterization. The utilities associated with establishing negligible crack growth thresholds are demonstrated. Pipeline operators are often presented with decisions that could be supported with scientifically vetted and situationally accurate stress thresholds for negligible crack growth. The threshold stress-intensity factor, ΔKth, is the value for ΔK where the crack growth rate, da/dN, approaches the minimum threshold crack growth rate. Stress-intensity factors at or below this threshold value result in crack growth small enough for operators to practically ignore it in pipeline integrity assessments. Previously, a ΔKth value of 2.0 MPa*m0.5 had been suggested for general use in API 579[1]. The API 579 value appears conservative when compared to industry experience and established ΔKth for similar steel alloys across all stress ratios. By establishing an on-shore pipeline specific ΔKth which considers a pipeline-specific da/dN threshold and stress ratio effects, operators are afforded the opportunity to: • exclude certain pipelines or portions of pipelines from crack growth susceptibility, • identify features with no life limit, • adjust load / boundary conditions to preclude growth, • improve computational efficiency by discarding load cycles below threshold, and, • more accurately simulate crack growth scenarios Pipeline crack growth testing has been researched to derive reasonable and prudent negligible ΔKth values through a closer examination of loading scenarios and environments which affect ΔKth. A da/dN threshold for when diminishingly small crack growth rates can be neglected for typical pipeline assets was determined based on observed pressure fluctuation frequencies. Applications and value derived from deployment of ΔKth are illustrated for North American pipeline assets. Environmental and blunting effects on ΔKth for near-neutral pH stress corrosion cracking previously developed are shown for comparison and utility. Fully established negligible growth thresholds pave the way toward adoption of next-level fracture mechanics best practice models and tools such as AFGROW and NASGRO, and facilitates crack growth simulations and root-cause analysis.
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Zhu, W. D., and N. A. Zheng. "Exact Response of a Translating String With Arbitrarily Varying Length Under General Excitation." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34590.
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The exact response of a translating string with constant tension and arbitrarily varying length is determined under general initial conditions and external excitation. The governing equation is transformed to a standard hyperbolic equation using characteristic transformation. The domain of interest for the transformed equation is divided into groups of sub-domains according to the properties of wave propagation. The d’Alembert’s solution for any point in the zeroth sub-domain group is obtained by using the initial conditions. The solution is extended to the whole domain of interest by using the boundary conditions, and a recursive mapping is found for the solution in the second and higher groups of sub-domains. The least upper bound of the displacement of the freely vibrating string is obtained for an arbitrary movement profile. The forced response of the string with non-homogeneous boundary conditions is obtained using a transformation method and the direct wave method. A new method is used to derive the rate of change of the vibratory energy of the translating string from the system viewpoint. Three different approaches are used to derive and interpret the rate of change of the vibratory energy of the string within the control volume, and the energy growth mechanism of the string during retraction is elucidated. The solution methods are applied to a moving elevator cable with variable length. An interesting parametric instability phenomenon in a translating string with sinusoidally varying length is discovered.
Reports on the topic "General growth conditions"
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Or, Dani, Shmulik Friedman, and Jeanette Norton. Physical processes affecting microbial habitats and activity in unsaturated agricultural soils. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587239.bard.
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experimental methods for quantifying effects of water content and other dynamic environmental factors on bacterial growth in partially-saturated soils. Towards this end we reviewed critically the relevant scientific literature and performed theoretical and experimental studies of bacterial growth and activity in modeled, idealized and real unsaturated soils. The natural wetting-drying cycles common to agricultural soils affect water content and liquid organization resulting in fragmentation of aquatic habitats and limit hydraulic connections. Consequently, substrate diffusion pathways to soil microbial communities become limiting and reduce nutrient fluxes, microbial growth, and mobility. Key elements that govern the extent and manifestation of such ubiquitous interactions include characteristics of diffusion pathways and pore space, the timing, duration, and extent of environmental perturbations, the nature of microbiological adjustments (short-term and longterm), and spatial distribution and properties of EPS clusters (microcolonies). Of these key elements we have chosen to focus on a manageable subset namely on modeling microbial growth and coexistence on simple rough surfaces, and experiments on bacterial growth in variably saturated sand samples and columns. Our extensive review paper providing a definitive “snap-shot” of present scientific understanding of microbial behavior in unsaturated soils revealed a lack of modeling tools that are essential for enhanced predictability of microbial processes in soils. We therefore embarked on two pronged approach of development of simple microbial growth models based on diffusion-reaction principles to incorporate key controls for microbial activity in soils such as diffusion coefficients and temporal variations in soil water content (and related substrate diffusion rates), and development of new methodologies in support of experiments on microbial growth in simple and observable porous media under controlled water status conditions. Experimental efforts led to a series of microbial growth experiments in granular media under variable saturation and ambient conditions, and introduction of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) to study cell size, morphology and multi-cell arrangement at a high resolution from growth experiments in various porous media. The modeling efforts elucidated important links between unsaturated conditions and microbial coexistence which is believed to support the unparallel diversity found in soils. We examined the role of spatial and temporal variation in hydration conditions (such as exist in agricultural soils) on local growth rates and on interactions between two competing microbial species. Interestingly, the complexity of soil spaces and aquatic niches are necessary for supporting a rich microbial diversity and the wide array of microbial functions in unsaturated soils. This project supported collaboration between soil physicists and soil microbiologist that is absolutely essential for making progress in both disciplines. It provided a few basic tools (models, parameterization) for guiding future experiments and for gathering key information necessary for prediction of biological processes in agricultural soils. The project sparked a series of ongoing studies (at DTU and EPFL and in the ARO) into effects of soil hydration dynamics on microbial survival strategy under short term and prolonged desiccation (important for general scientific and agricultural applications).
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Godenau, Dirk. Migration and the economy. Observatorio de la Inmigración de Tenerife. Departamento de Geografía e Historia. Universidad de La Laguna. Tenerife, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/r.obitfact.2020.02.
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Economic reasons are among the basic explanatory factors of migration, whether international or internally within a country. In turn, migratory movements have effects on the economy in terms of economic growth in general, but also in the different markets (work, housing, consumer goods, etc.) and public services (education, health, social services, etc.). The purpose of this document is to offer an overview of these interactions between migration and the economy in the case of the Canary Islands. To do this, certain conceptual clarifications will be made initially involving the mutual determination of both processes, before later providing specifics with evidence on the Canarian case for the main issues considered: the economic reasons for migration, and its impact on economic growth, the labour market and the living conditions of the immigrant population. The final section alludes to the importance of the institutional framework that regulates these relations between migration and the economy, which are far from being interpretable as a mechanical relationship and isolated from the political sphere.
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Cedergren, Elin, Diana Huynh, Andrea Morf, and John Moodie. Strengthening regional resilience through adaptive collaboration: A case study on the fisheries co-management Northern Bohuslän. Nordregio, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/pb2020:5.2001-3876.
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This policy brief examines how co-management arrangements within small-scale fisheries can play a key role in enhancing sectoral and regional resilience. Despite major challenges, “multi-stakeholder collaborations” - such as co-management - demonstrate the potential for innovative knowledge transfer and strategic adaptation processes within the fisheries sector. The focus here is on Co-management Northern Bohuslän (Samförvaltning Norra Bohuslän), which promotes sustainable local fisheries and blue growth on Sweden’s west coast. The case illustrates how, under appropriate conditions, participatory local efforts can significantlycontribute to sustainability and resilience. The policy brief presents findings on related challenges and opportunities, including recommendations on future directions for the co-management initiative itself, and more general suggestions for co-management as a means to promote sectoral and regional resilience in the Nordic region.
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Lers, Amnon, and Pamela J. Green. LX Senescence-Induced Ribonuclease in Tomato: Function and Regulation. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586455.bard.
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Natural leaf senescence, which occurs even when growth conditions are near optimal, has a negative influence on yield. Postharvest induced senescence contributes to the losses of quality in flowers, foliage, and vegetables. Strategies designed to control the senescence process in crop plants could therefore have great applied significance. However, the successful design of such strategies requires a better insight into the senescence machinery and control in higher plants. A main feature of senescence is the hydrolysis of macromolecules by hydrolases of various types such as ribonucleases (RNases) and proteases. Previously we had identified and characterized the tomato LX RNase gene demonstrating its transcript to be highly and specifically induced during senescence. This reported study was focused on LX but also had broadened our research to other senescence-associated nucleic acids degrading enzymes to learn about their function and the regulation of their encoding genes. Beside tomato we used parsley and Arabidopsis for the study of: the bi-functional nuclease which has a role in senescence. The study of different senescence- associated nucleases in few plant systems will allow a more general view on function and regulation of these enzymes in senescence. The specific original proposed objectives included: 1. Study the consequences of alterations in LX RNase level on tomato leaf senescence and general development; 2. Analyze stimuli which may participate in senescence-specific activation of the LX gene; 3. Clone the senescence-associated BFNI nuclease gene homologue from tomato. 4. Further characterize the sequences required for senescence-specific gene expression. Homozygous transgenic plants in which LX gene was either inhibited or over-expressed were generated. In both of these LX mutated plants no major phenotypic consequences were observed, which may suggests that LX is not essential for plant growth under optimal growth conditions. Lack of any abnormalities in the LX over-expressing lines suggests that special system exist to allow function of the RNase only when needed. Detailed analyses of growth under stress and consequences to RNA metabolism are underway. We have analyzed LX expression on the protein level demonstrating that it is involved also in petal senescing. Our results suggest that LX is responding to complex regulation involving developmental, organ dependent factors and responds differently to hormonal or environmental stimuli in the different plant organs. The cloned 1.4 kb promoter was cloned and its analysis revealed that probably not all required elements for senescence induction are included. Biochemical analysis of senescence-associated be-functional nucleases in the different plants, tomato, parsley and Arabidopsis, suggests they belong to a sub-class within the type I plant nucleases. The parsley PcNUC1/2 nuclease protein was purified from senescing leaves its and activity was studied in vitro revealing endo-, double strand, nucleolytic activity and exo-nucleolytic activity. Its encoding gene was cloned and found to be induced on the mRNA level. The promoter of the related Arabidopsis BFNI nuclease was shown in both tomato and Arabidopsis to be able and direct senescence-specific expression suggesting that, at least part, the gene is regulated on the transcriptional level and that the mechanism for this senescence-specific regulation is conserved between different plants. Few plants in which the BFNI gene is mutated were identified which are subjected now to detailed analysis. Our results suggest that the senescence-related nucleic acid degrading enzymes share similarities in both function and regulation between different plants and possibly have important functions in processes un-related to senescence. Still, the function of these enzymes, at least in some cases is not essential to plant development under optimal growth conditions. We are now at the stage which permits in depth investigation of the specific functions and mode of molecular regulation of senescence-associated nucleases with the aid of the research tools developed. The isolated senescence-specific promoter, shown to be active in heterologous plant system, could be utilized in agricultural-related biotechnological applications for retardation of senescence.
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Mudge, Christopher, and Kurt Getsinger. Comparison of generic and proprietary aquatic herbicides for control of invasive vegetation; part 3 : submersed plants. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42061.
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Herbicide selection is key to efficiently managing nuisance vegetation in our nation’s waterways. After selecting the active ingredient, there still remains multiple proprietary and generic products to choose from. Recent small-scale research has been conducted to compare the efficacy of these herbicides against floating and emergent species. Therefore, a series of mesocosm and growth chamber trials were conducted to evaluate subsurface applications of the following herbicides against submersed plants: diquat versus coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum L.), hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata L.f. Royle), southern naiad (Najas guadalupensis (Sprengel) Magnus), and Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.); flumioxazin versus coontail, hydrilla, and Eurasian watermilfoil; and triclopyr against Eurasian watermilfoil. All active ingredients were applied at concentrations commonly used to manage these species in public waters. Visually, all herbicides within a particular active ingredient performed similarly with regard to the onset and severity of injury symptoms throughout the trials. All trials, except diquat versus Eurasian watermilfoil, resulted in no differences in efficacy among the 14 proprietary and generic herbicides tested, and all herbicides provided 43%–100% control, regardless of active ingredient and trial. Under mesocosm and growth chamber conditions, the majority of the generic and proprietary herbicides evaluated against submersed plants provided similar control.
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Oltarzhevskyi, Dmytro. HISTORICAL FEATURES OF CORPORATE MEDIA FORMATION IN UKRAINE AND IN THE WORLD. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11067.
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The article examines the world and Ukrainian history of corporate periodicals. The main purpose of this study is to reproduce an objective global picture of the emergence and formation of corporate periodicals, taking into account the business and socio-economic context. Accordingly, its tasks are to compare the conditions and features of corporate media genesis in different countries, to determine the main factors of their development, as well as to clarify the transformations of the terminological apparatus. The research is based on mostly foreign secondary scientific works published from 1915 to the present time. The literature was studied using methods such as overview, historical, functional and thematic analysis, description, and generalization. A systematic approach was used to determine the role and place of each element in the system, as well as to comprehensively consider the object in the general historical context and within the current scientific discourse. The method of systematization made it possible to establish internal and external connections, patterns and contradictions in the development of the object of study. The main historical milestones on this path are identified, examples of the first successful corporate publications and their contribution to business development, public relations, and corporate communications are considered. It was found that corporate media emerged in the mid-nineteenth century spontaneously, on the wave of practical business needs in response to industrialization, company increase, staff growth, and consumer market development. Their appearance preceded the formation of the public relations industry and changed the structure of the information space. The scientific significance of this research is that the historical look at the evolution of corporate media provides an understanding of their place, influence, capabilities, and growing communicative role in the digital age.
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Chamovitz, Daniel, and Xing-Wang Deng. Morphogenesis and Light Signal Transduction in Plants: The p27 Subunit of the COP9-Complex. United States Department of Agriculture, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1997.7580666.bard.
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Plants monitor environmental signals and modulate their growth and development in a manner optimal for the prevailing light conditions. The mechanisms by which plants transduce light signals and integrate them with other environmental and developmental signals to regulate plant pattern development are beginning to be unraveled. A large body of knowledge has accumulated regarding the roles of specific photoreceptors in perceiving light signals, and about the downstream developmental responses responding to light (Batschauer, 1999; Chamovitz and Deng, 1996; Deng and Quail, 1999). Still, little is know about the molecular mechanisms connecting the photoreceptors to development, and how these developmental pathways are integrated with additional developmental regulatory pathways to modulate growth. The multi-subunit protein complex COP9 signalosome (previously referred to as the "COP9 complex") has a central role in mediating the light control of plant development, and in general developmental regulation. Arabidopsis mutants that lack this complex develop photomorphogenically even in the absence of light signals (reviewed in Chamovitz and Deng 1996, 1997). Various genetic studies have indicated that the COP9 signalosome acts at the nexus of upstream signals transduced from the individual photoreceptors, and specific downstream signaling pathways. Thus the COP9 signalosome was hypothesized to be a master repressor of photomorphogenesis, and that light acts to abrogate this repression. However, the COP9 signalosome has roles beyond the regulation of photomorphogenesis as all mutants lacking this complex die following early seedling development, and an essentially identical complex has also been detected in animal systems (Chamovitz and Deng, 1995; Seeger et al., 1998; Wei et al., 1998). Our long term objective is to determine the role of the COP9 signalosome in controlling plant development. In this research project we showed that this complex contains at least eight subunits (Karniol et al., 1998; Serino et al., 1999) and that the 27 kD subunit is encoded by the FUS5 locus (Karniol et al., 1999). The FUS5 subunit also has a role extraneous to the COP9 signalosome, and differential kinase activity has been implicated in regulating FUSS and the COP9 signalosome (Karniol et al., 1999). We have also shown that the COP9 signalosome may work together with the translational-regulator eIF3. Our study of the COP9 signalosome is one of the exciting examples of plant science leading the way to discoveries in basic animal science (Chamovitz and Deng, 1995; Karniol and Chamovitz, 2000; Wei and Deng, 1999).
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Blum, Abraham, Henry T. Nguyen, and N. Y. Klueva. The Genetics of Heat Shock Proteins in Wheat in Relation to Heat Tolerance and Yield. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568105.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Fifty six diverse spring wheat cultivars were evaluated for genetic variation and heritability for thermotolerance in terms of cell-membrane stability (CMS) and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction. The most divergent cultivars for thermotolerance (Danbata-tolerant and Nacozari-susceptible) were crossed to develop an F8 random onbred line (RIL) population. This population was evaluated for co-segragation in CMS, yield under heat stress and HSP accumulation. Further studies of thermotolerance in relations to HSP and the expression of heterosis for growth under heat stress were performed with F1 hybrids of wheat and their parental cultivars. CMS in 95 RILs ranged from 76.5% to 22.4% with 71.5% and 31.3% in Danbata and Nacozari, respectively. The population segregated with a normal distribution across the full range of the parental values. Yield and biomass under non-stress conditions during the normal winter season at Bet Dagan dit not differ between the two parental cultivar, but the range of segregation for these traits in 138 RILs was very high and distinctly transgressive with a CV of 35.3% and 42.4% among lines for biomass and yield, respectively. Mean biomass and yield of the population was reduced about twofold when grown under the hot summer conditions (irrigated) at Bet Dagan. Segregation for biomass and yield was decreased relative to the normal winter conditions with CV of 20.2% and 23.3% among lines for biomass and yield, respectively. However, contrary to non-stress conditions, the parental cultivars differed about twofold in biomass and yield under heat stress and the population segregated with normal distribution across the full range of this difference. CMS was highly and positively correlated across 79 RILs with biomass (r=0.62**) and yield (r=0.58**) under heat stress. No such correlation was obtained under the normal winter conditions. All RILs expressed a set of HSPs under heat shock (37oC for 2 h). No variation was detected among RILs in high molecular weight HSP isoforms and they were similar to the patterns of the parental cultivars. There was a surprisingly low variability in low molecular weight HSP isoforms. Only one low molecular weight and Nacozari-specific HSP isoform (belonging to HSP 16.9 family) appeared to segregate among all RILs, but it was not quantitatively correlated with any parameter of plant production under heat stress or with CMS in this population. It is concluded that this Danbata/Nacozari F8 RIL population co-segregated well for thermotolerance and yield under heat stress and that CMS could predict the relative productivity of lines under chronic heat stress. Regretfully this population did not express meaningful variability for HSP accumulation under heat shock and therefore no role could be seen for HSP in the heat tolerance of this population. In the study of seven F1 hybrids and their parent cultivars it was found that heterosis (superiority of the F1 over the best parent) for CMs was generally lower than that for growth under heat stress. Hybrids varied in the rate of heterosis for growth at normal (15o/25o) and at high (25o/35o) temperatures. In certain hybrids heterosis for growth significantly increased at high temperature as compared with normal temperature, suggesting temperature-dependent heterosis. Generally, under normal temperature, only limited qualitative variation was detected in the patterns of protein synthesis in four wheat hybrids and their parents. However, a singular protein (C47/5.88) was specifically expressed only in the most heterotic hybrid at normal temperature but not in its parent cultivars. Parental cultivars were significantly different in the sets of synthesized HSP at 37o. No qualitative changes in the patterns of protein expression under heat stress were correlated with heterosis. However, a quantitative increase in certain low molecular weight HSP (mainly H14/5.5 and H14.5.6, belonging to the HSP16.9 family) was positively associated with greater heterosis for growth at high temperature. None of these proteins were correlated with CMS across hybrids. These results support the concept of temperature-dependent heterosis for growth and a possible role for HSP 16.9 family in this respect. Finally, when all experiments are viewed together, it is encouraging to find that genetic variation in wheat yield under chronic heat stress is associated with and well predicted by CMS as an assay of thermotolerance. On the other hand the results for HSP are elusive. While very low genetic variation was expressed for HSP in the RIL population, a unique low molecular weight HSP (of the HSP 16.9 family) could be associated with temperature dependant heterosis for growth.
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Simms, Janet, Benjamin Breland, and William Doll. Geophysical investigation to assess condition of grouted scour hole : Old River Control Complex—Low Sill Concordia Parish, Louisiana. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41863.
Full textAbstract:
Geophysical surveys, both land-based and water-borne, were conducted at the Old River Control Complex‒Low Sill, Concordia Parish, LA. The purpose of the surveys was to assess the condition of the grout within the scour region resulting from the 1973 flood event, including identification of potential voids within the grout. Information from the ground studies will also be used for calibration of subsequent marine geophysical data and used in stability analysis studies. The water-borne survey consisted of towed low frequency (16-80 MHz) ground penetrating radar (GPR), whereas the land-based surveys used electrical resistivity and seismic refraction. The GPR survey was conducted in the Old River Channel on the upstream side of the Low Sill structure. The high electrical conductivity of the water (~50 mS/m) precluded penetration of the GPR signal; thus, no useful data were obtained. The land-based surveys were performed on both northeast and southeast sides of the Low Sill structure. Both resistivity and seismic surveys identify a layered subsurface stratigraphy that corresponds, in general, with available borehole data and constructed geologic profiles. In addition, an anomalous area on the southeast side was identified that warrants future investigation and monitoring.
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Chamovitz, Daniel A., and Xing-Wang Deng. Developmental Regulation and Light Signal Transduction in Plants: The Fus5 Subunit of the Cop9 Signalosome. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586531.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Plants adjust their growth and development in a manner optimal for the prevailing light conditions. The molecular mechanisms by which light signals are transduced and integrated with other environmental and developmental signals are an area of intense research. (Batschauer, 1999; Quail, 2002) One paradigm emerging from this work is the interconnectedness of discrete physiological responses at the biochemical level, for instance, between auxin and light signaling (Colon-Carmona et al., 2000; Schwechheimer and Deng, 2001; Tian and Reed, 1999) and between light signaling and plant pathogen interactions (Azevedo et al., 2002; Liu et al., 2002). The COP9 signalosome (CSN) protein complex has a central role in the light control of plant development. Arabidopsis mutants that lack this complex develop photomorphogenically even in the absence of light signals (reviewed in (Karniol and Chamovitz, 2000; Schwechheimer and Deng, 2001). Thus the CSN was hypothesized to be a master repressor of photomorphogenesis in darkness, and light acts to bypass or eliminate this repression. However, the CSN regulates more than just photomorphogenesis as all mutants lacking this complex die near the end of seedling development. Moreover, an essentially identical complex was subsequently discovered in animals and yeast, organisms whose development is not light responsive, exemplifying how plant science can lead the way to exciting discoveries in biomedical model species (Chamovitz and Deng, 1995; Freilich et al., 1999; Maytal-Kivity et al., 2002; Mundt et al., 1999; Seeger et al., 1998; Wei et al., 1998). Our long-term objective is to determine mechanistically how the CSN controls plant development. We previously that this complex contains eight subunits (Karniol et al., 1998; Serino et al., 1999) and that the 27 ilia subunit is encoded by the FUS5/CSN7 locus (Karniol et al., 1999). The CSN7 subunit also has a role extraneous to the COP9 signalosome, and differential kinase activity has been implicated in regulating CSN7 and the COP9 signalosome (Karniol et al., 1999). In the present research, we further analyzed CSN7, both in terms of interacting proteins and in terms of kinases that act on CSN7. Furthermore we completed our analysis of the CSN in Arabidopsis by analyzing the remaining subunits. Outline of Original Objectives and Subsequent Modifications The general goal of the proposed research was to study the CSN7 (FUS5) subunit of the COP9 signalosome. To this end we specifically intended to: 1. Identify the residues of CSN7 that are phosphorylated. 2. Monitor the phosphorylation of CSN7 under different environmental conditions and under different genetic backgrounds. 3. Generate transgenic plants with altered CSN7 phosphorylation sites. 4. Purify CSN7 kinase from cauliflower. 5. Clone the Arabidopsis cDNA encoding CSN7 kinase 6. Isolate and characterize additional CSN7 interacting proteins. 7. Characterize the interaction of CSN7 and the COP9 signalosome with the HY5-COP1 transcriptional complex. Throughout the course of the research, emphasis shifted from studying CSN7 phosphorylation (Goals 1-3), to studying the CSN7 kinase (Goal 4 and 5), an in depth analysis of CSN7 interactions (Goal 6), and the study of additional CSN subunits. Goal 7 was also abandoned as no data was found to support this interaction.