Dissertations / Theses: 'General french language reference'

1

Thompson, Jenna. "Dubbing the multilingual moment: Translating English-language American television shows with French into French." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28445.

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Multilingual films, such as Lost in Translation (2003), have recently become a phenomenon. Various popular television series also feature an element of multilingualism in their plots. This inclusion of the cultural "other" and its language, specifically, the dubbing into French of "French situations" in American television shows, presents an interesting challenge for audiovisual translation (AVT). In my study, I begin by discussing research on multilingualism in literature, film and television. I then discuss the relevance of translation studies concepts to AVT, and apply them in examining the dubbing into French of American television shows that include situations involving the French language. I describe and analyze how this challenge has been met, where the "other" in the original is the television viewer for whom the show is translated. My work studies the many different strategies used to deal with a very specific translation problem in the field of AVT.

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Burlingham, Bronwyn. "Lexicographic traditions and prefatory discourse of 17 th century dictionaries: Monolingual English, monolingual French, and bilingual French-English works." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26861.

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In this study, we have explored the prefaces of monolingual English, monolingual French, and bilingual French-English dictionaries of the 17 th century. The monolingual works studied constitute the first of this kind to have been published. Over the course of this research, we have demonstrated that despite different lexicographic traditions, dictionary prefaces convey basically the same type of information, and address the same general issues. This study is divided into two main sections. In the first, we have provided historical information on the dictionaries, so as to illustrate the historical context in which they were published. In the second section, we have examined the prefaces themselves, first giving an overview of each text studied, and then providing a thematic analysis of the prefaces within each group as a whole, observing topics that are commonly treated among them, within the broader categories of dictionary content, lexicographic context, and linguistic context. Over the course of the research, we have established that though each text is unique, certain features are shared not only among the prefaces within one same category, but in fact across all three types of dictionary.

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Zaluski, Victoria Amy. "Metaphor-based Internet terms in English and in French." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4121.

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The objectives of this thesis are to analyze (1) how English metaphor-based terms in the Internet domain are formed, and (2) how such terms are being rendered into French. By metaphor-based term (MBT), we mean a term that has derived from a metaphor. MBTs are becoming increasingly frequent and important in computer-related domains. However, they have been rather neglected in the metaphor literature in general, and in the translation literature specifically. The thesis is an attempt to begin filling this gap. Our research involved analyzing MBTs found in English and French corpora pertaining to the Internet, an exceptionally rich source of MBTs. We began by reviewing the concept of metaphor and the various ways terms are created. Drawing partly on these observations, we proposed a general classification of English MBTs in the Internet domain. Next, we investigated the available literature on the translation of metaphor, and applied some of the deriving insights to an analysis of the MBTs in our French corpus. This analysis resulted in a categorization of the various strategies used for rendering English MBTs into French. Finally, we attempted to explain why certain English MBTs may be more easily rendered into French than others.

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Rubio, Zoubair. "A commented terminology file of basic terms used in translation studies (English and French)." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6739.

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5

Alnwick, Marie. "Translating the Buffyverse: Examining French fan response to "Buffy contre les vampires"." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27568.

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Fictional texts represent a particular challenge for translators due to their use of expressive language. The translation of audiovisual texts in particular is complicated by various institutional and technical constraints. As such, assessing the quality of translated televisual fiction is a complex undertaking that requires an approach more flexible than that prescribed by proponents of textual-linguistic models. This thesis looks at translation quality from another angle, that of audience reception. As a case study, this thesis investigates the reception of the French dubbed translation of Buffy the Vampire Slayer, a popular American television show characterized by its frequent use of illocutionary elements, including wordplay, neologisms and cultural references. One interpretive community's response to the French dubbed translation is examined through the document analysis of a French chat room thread dedicated to the dubbed version of the show. In order to check the legitimacy of fans' claims, a translated episode of Buff the Vampire Slayer is assessed, with posters' comments informing the evaluation criteria. In particular, the target text is evaluated according to its treatment of illocutionary strategies. The results of the document analysis and the translation evaluation are compared to give a multidimensional perspective on the quality of the target text. The evaluation highlights the prevailing tendency of the target text to omit illocutionary elements in favour of neutral paraphrase, and the document analysis suggests that this tendency may in part account for the chat viewers' largely negative response to Buffy the Vampire Slayer's French dubbed translation.

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6

Grüter, Therese. "Object clitics and null objects in the acquisition of French." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102802.

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This dissertation investigates (direct) object clitics and object omission in the acquisition of French as a first language. It reports on two original empirical studies which were designed to address aspects of object omission in child French that have remained unexplored in previous research. Study 1 investigates the incidence of object omission in the spontaneous speech of French-speaking children aged three and above, an age group for which no analysis, and only little data, have been available so far. Findings show that object omission continues to occur at non-negligible rates in this group. A comparison with age- and language-matched groups of English- and Chinese-speaking children (from Wang, Lillo-Martin; Best & Levitt 1992) suggests that French-speaking children omit objects at higher rates than their English-speaking peers, yet at lower rates than children acquiring a true null object language, such as Chinese. Study 2 was designed to investigate whether French-speaking children would accept null objects on a receptive task, an issue that has not been previously investigated. A series of truth value judgment experiments is developed, adapting an experimental paradigm that has not been used previously in the context of null objects. Results from English- and French-speaking children show that both groups consistently reject null objects on these tasks, a finding that constitutes counterevidence to proposals which attribute object omission in production to a genuine null object representation sanctioned by the child grammar. Overall, the pattern of results turns out not to be consistent with any developmental proposals made in the literature, suggesting that a novel approach is required. Proposing a minimalist adaptation of Sportiche's (1996) analysis of clitic constructions, and taking into consideration the recent emphasis on 'interface' requirements imposed by language-external systems, I put forward a hypothesis for future research, the Decayed Features Hypothesis (DFH), which locates the source of object (clitic) omission in child French in a specific language-external domain, namely the capacity of working memory.

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Melvin, Catherine Eda. "Cross-cultural representations: The construction of "America" after September 11th in English Canadian, Quebec and French print media." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26982.

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The cultural turn in Translation Studies is the name given to the shift from an inter-lingual approach to the study of translation to an inter-cultural one. Since the cultural turn, meaning is no longer considered to be reducible to the level of word, sentence or even text within a specific situation of utterance. Instead, culture as a whole is considered to be the prime locus of meaning. Translators, then, are not expected to be simply bilingual, but to be bi-cultural. This thesis is a comparative discourse analysis that explores how pre-existing discourses in English Canada, Quebec and France affect the representation of the United States in print media coverage following terrorist attacks in New York and Washington on September 11th, 2001. More specifically, the impact of the discourse of counter-Americanism in English Canada is analyzed in a corpus of newspaper articles selected from five major Canadian dailies. Similarly, articles from Le Devoir and La Presse are analyzed in relation to the discourse of americanite in Quebec and articles from Le Monde are analyzed in relation to the discourse of anti-Americanism in France. In each case, the construction of an American identity can be traced to the specific geographical, historical, political and economic relationships of each country to the U.S. This means that representations of an American Other serve primarily to support representations of self, thus revealing the relative and constructed nature of national identity. Drawing on scholars in both Cultural Studies and Communications, this study outlines how discourse constructs national identity. In addition, it illustrates how identity discourses affect the construction and interpretation of meaning, thus meriting attention in the field of Translation Studies. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Rivard, Isabelle. "Pierre Daviault (1899--1964), traducteur, auteur, historien, pédagogue et défenseur de la langue française." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26391.

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Pierre Daviault is a household name in the field of translation in Canada. He holds a prominent place thanks to his contribution to the profession itself and to the teaching of professional translation, which he pioneered. He wrote numerous linguistic books to fill a gap in his time---there was no Petit Robert or Robert & Collins in the 1940s. Daviault also developed the very first professional translation course for the University of Ottawa, in the heart of Canada's capital, a bilingual country. Daviault was a published author in other realms of knowledge. His love for the French presence in Canada explains his two biographies of well-known characters of Nouvelle-France. Other works include short stories about famous and less known people of his time and ventures into the literary world in the form of two adventure novels. The entire career of Pierre Daviault spanned from the 1920s to the mid-1960s and revolved around one subject: the French language. Everything he did or created over his long and successful career related, in one way or another, to this passion.

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9

Fortin, Marie. "Anglicisms in the French Language : A comparative study of English loanwords in French from France and Quebec." Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Humanities, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-9220.

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The aim of this study was to find out if there are differences in the use of Anglicisms in the

French language from Quebec and from France. This was done with the help of a well-known

sitcom named Un gars, une fille. The Quebecers and the French have adopted their own

version of this sitcom to their cultures. Nine similar sequences from both countries on the

theme of sports and six different on the theme of renovation/DIY were analyzed. The analysis

concentrated on the English loanwords used by the characters. It was found that the

Quebecers, in the sitcom, used more English loanwords than the French. Both French and

Quebecers employed many loanwords that are considered as integrated into their language,

but they also used loanwords that have a negative connotation because there is a French word

to replace it, but the Anglicisms used appears more fashionable. Finally, it is interesting to

note the divergence of opinions among scholars in the field of study. Where one scholar

considers an Anglicism as a part of the French language (integrated) another scholar deems it

to be a negative influence, a loanword that should not be used.

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10

Modrea, Andreea. "Ideology, subversion and the translator's voice: A comparative analysis of the French and English translations of Guillermo Cabrera Infante's Tres Tristes Tigres." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26718.

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For the past twenty years, there has been a growing trend in translation studies to follow a deconstructionist philosophy and give translators authorship of their work. Translation, in this sense, is no longer a target language equivalence of an 'original' text by an author, but rather a creative process of 're-writing.' In this regard, translators have the possibility of showing their own voice in the translation. The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether either of the French or English translators (Albert Bensoussan and Suzanne Jill Levine, respectively) of the Cuban novel Tres Tristes Tigres (Barcelona: 1967) intervened in the text to show their own voices; and in Levine's case, whether this intervention corresponded to a declared ideology of 'subversion.' A systematic analysis of the wordplay in Chapters 16, 17 and 18 of the two translations reveal significant differences. Whereas the French translation has only minor adjustments, the English translation shows a large number of alterations to existing source text wordplay as well as additional instances of wordplay. In the final tally, there are almost twice as many instances of wordplay in Levine's English translation than in the Spanish source text. From the results of the analysis and from Levine's own self-portrayal in her book The Subversive Scribe (St. Paul: 1991), it would appear that her extensive intervention in the text is ideologically motivated. However, closer examination of circumstances surrounding the actual translation process reveals that the author, Guillermo Cabrera Infante, greatly influenced the final 're-writing.' Therefore, Levine's translation was not so much subversion as it was a sub-version of the original.

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11

Moens, Marc. "Tense, aspect and temporal reference." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6618.

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English exhibits a rich apparatus of tense, aspect, time adverbials and other expressions that can be used to order states of affairs with respect to each other, or to locate them at a point in time with respect to the moment of speech. Ideally one would want a semantics for these expressions to demonstrate that an orderly relationship exists between any one expression and the meanings it conveys. Yet most existing linguistic and formal semantic accounts leave something to be desired in this respect, describing natural language temporal categories as being full of ambiguities and indetenninacies, apparently escaping a uniform semantic description. It will be argued that this anomaly stems from the assumption that the semantics of these expressions is directly related to the linear conception of time familiar from temporal logic or physics - an assumption which can be seen to underly most of the current work on tense and aspect. According to these theories, the cognitive work involved in the processing of temporal discourse consists of the ordering of events as points or intervals on a time line or a set of time lines. There are, however, good reasons for wondering whether this time concept really is the one that our linguistic categories are most directly related to; it will be argued that a semantics of temporally referring expressions and a theory of their use in defining the temporal relations of events require a different and more complex structure underlying the meaning representations than is commonly assumed. A semantics will be developed, based on the assumption that categories like tense, aspect, aspectual adverbials and propositions refer to a mental representation of events that is structured on other than purely temporal principles, and to which the notion of a nucleus or consequentially related sequence of preparatory process, goal event and consequent state is central. It will be argued that the identification of the correct ontology is a logical preliminary to the choice of any particular formal representation scheme, as well as being essential in the design of natural language front-ends for temporal databases. It will be shown how the ontology developed here can be implemented in a database that contains time-related information about events and that is to be queried by means of natural language utterances.

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12

Shaer, Benjamin M. "Making sense of tense : tense, time reference, and linking theory." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34452.

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This study examines the forms and meanings of tensed and non-tensed clauses in English, and proposes an analysis of them that is 'Reichenbachian' in spirit and syntactic in orientation. The study considers tensed verb forms in simple sentences, focussing on 'present', 'future', and 'perfect' forms and their interaction with adverbials of temporal location; and those in complement, relative, and temporal clause constructions. It also considers three types of non-tensed verb forms--infinitives, gerunds, and 'bare infinitives'--in verb complements.
The study demonstrates that the interpretation of tensed and non-tensed forms can be described in terms of Reichenbach's (1947) temporal schemata, which express relations between 'S' ('speech time'), 'R' ('reference time'), and 'E' ('situation time'). However, its central claim is that the tensed forms themselves are 'temporally underspecified', encoding relations between 'S' and 'R', and leaving the relation between 'R' and 'E' and the location and duration of both of these intervals to be determined by lexical properties of the verb and its arguments, temporal adverbials, and context. Non-tensed verbs forms have a similar syntactic representation, differing primarily in not fully encoding a relation between 'S' and 'R'. This claim is cashed out in terms of two devices: a feature system that expresses tenses as particular values of the feature matrix (Anterior, Posterior); and a device of 'tense linking', based on Higginbotham's (e.g. 1983) proposal for binding theory, which associates verbs with temporal adverbials or tensed Infl, and one (tensed or non-tensed) Infl with a higher one.

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13

TSUJIMURA, NATSUKO. "A COMPREHENSIVE THEORY OF SWITCH-REFERENCE (TAIRORA, HOPI, WARLPIRI)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184039.

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Switch-Reference (SR) is a phenomenon in which the coreferentiality of two (or more) subjects in a complex sentence is indicated by a morphological device. The purpose of this dissertation is to discuss recent work which deals with SR within the Government and Binding Theory, and propose an alternative analysis to it. The framework I will adopt for such an alternative analysis of SR is Categorial Grammar. A basic notion underlying Categorial Grammar is that an expression is divided into a functor and an argument, and each functor and argument are further divided into a functor and an argument until the division reaches to an undividable element. Given the assumptions that a functor and its argument must be compatible and that a functor has some subcategorization properties, I argue that "Agreement" phenomenon (subsuming agreement and disagreement) can be handled insightfully. Furthermore, I propose that such a treatment of "Agreement" can be extended to SR systems in general if we consider the "same subject" and "different subject" phenomena as cases of agreement and disagreement, respectively. I claim that a composite in which a SR morpheme appears forms a functor which takes another composite as its argument, and that the relation between the functor and its argument and the relation between some parts of the functor and its argument are characterized as "agreement" or "disagreement": The functor and the argument must be compatible as assumed above, and the nature of compatibility (whether "agreement" or "disagreement") is controlled by the subcategorization properties of the SR morpheme associated with the functor (i.e., if "same subject", the relation is agreement, and if "different subject", it is disagreement). By treating SR in this fashion, I intend to provide a unified analysis for apparently different SR systems in three diverse languages, namely, Tairora, Hopi, and Warlpiri.

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Ham, Linda. "Reason in the rhyme: The translation of sound and rhythm in children's books." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27850.

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Because child readers are still in the process of fully acquiring their language, children's books and their translations are closely linked to orality and the oral culture. Strong sound, rhyme and rhythm, which are habitual features of children's literature, also figure as important agents in the acquisition of language. Therefore, these linguistic principles might indicate a pedagogical skopos in the translation of children's literature, that of aiding in child language acquisition. Theory on sound translation and commentaries from translators of children's literature provide arguments for the importance of retaining sound and rhythm in translation. Analyses of three French-Canadian children's books translated into English provide practical observations of how sound and rhythm are translated in actual texts.

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Makhubela, Anania Hazel. "The role and significance of honorifics with special reference to Xitsonga discource." Thesis, 2004, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2371.

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16

Couture, Guillaume. "Les orthographes particulières des formes verbales du type romps, vaincs, réponds, couds et perds analysées dans un cadre de grammaire raisonnée /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2000. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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Ticheler, Nathalie Valerie. "Institution-wide language programmes, higher education and blended learning : students' experience of a virtual learning environment among beginners and post-beginners of French." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2013. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/11987/.

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In a context of precariousness of Modern Foreign Languages and promotion of e-learning at national level, often referred to as “technology-enhanced learning”, the targeted institution, a “new” university in the United Kingdom, offers an Institution-Wide Language Programme where language classes are presented as a blended learning package of face-to-face classes coupled with the use of the Blackboard Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). Operating within a hermeneutical phenomenological approach and constructionist epistemological principles, this thesis seeks to investigate the students’ experience of a VLE among beginners and post-beginners of French and in particular whether their level (beginners or post-beginners), status (undergraduates, post-graduates or external students) or the lecturers in charge of the various groups for the face-to-face component of the module, have any significance on their experience. At a time when the students’ feedback and the quality of their learning experience are considered with care by institutions of Higher Education, this thesis contributes to an enhanced knowledge of the students’ experience in connection with a VLE, obtained through a mixed-method approach based on the completion of 96 questionnaires and six follow-up interviews, in association with socio-constructivist principles. This research differentiates itself by being conducted specifically about students’ experience of the institutional VLE in a context of blended learning, with students based primarily on site, and study of languages. Although they may be considered as digitally literate, students’ response regarding their own experiences indicates that digital skills do not appear as readily transferable to formal learning contexts. Therefore, lecturers need to guide students in a structured and progressive manner in order to maximise their engagement with the VLE. In addition, it contributes further to knowledge by highlighting implications for pedagogical practices.

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Altmann, Gerald T. M. "Reference and the resolution of local syntactic ambiguity : the effect of context during human sentence processing." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6672.

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In this thesis we shall investigate the kinds of information which the Human Sentence Processing Mechanism employs during the resolution of local syntactic ambiguity in written texts. The thesis is in three parts. In Part I we consider some current models of syntactic ambiguity resolution. On the one hand, we consider the structural approaches, in which the processor considers only syntactic information when choosing between alternatives. On the other, we consider the interactive approaches, in which different kinds of information are brought to bear during the resolution process. In Part II, we describe a number of experiments which contrast the predictions of these two approaches. In particular, we investigate the processing of sentences which are locally ambiguous between a simple noun phrase analysis and a complex noun phrase analysis. Frazier (1979) predicts that the simple noun phrase analysis is chosen because it utilizes fewest phrasal nodes in its associated phrase marker. Crain and Steedman (1985), however, predict that the interpretation of the noun phrase is determined by referential factors, such as whether or not a unique referent can be identified for the noun phrase. The results support Crain and Steedman's interactive hypothesis. In Part III, we consider some theoretical issues concerning the timing of the processor's decisions. Crain and Steedman's original model is modified in the light of such considerations. We explore the implications of the modification for the status of syntax and semantics within our model of sentence comprehension. In the final chapter, we attempt to explain the existence of parsing preferences in sentences which are presented in isolation, and for which no explicit contextual information has been provided. We conclude that contextual considerations, such as the distinction between what is and what is not already known to the hearer, are of fundamental importance during the resolution of local syntactic ambiguity by the Human Sentence Processing Mechanism.

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Bjäremo, Svante. "The Nordic syllabi and the Common European Framework of Reference : Similarities and differences." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54088.

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This study examines the similarities and differences between the Nordic syllabi (the Finnish, Swedish and Norwegian syllabi) and the influence CEFR has had on their structure and development. This was carried out using the method of hermeneutics, looking for similarities and differences using seven different dimensions of comparison. The study shows that there are similarities between the Nordic syllabi which have all been influenced by the CEFR. The most notable similarity between the documents is the communicative nature of teaching and assessment. This could give a deeper understanding of the Nordic countries' similarities and differences when it comes to language teaching. Further studies are needed using quantitative methods to say if these findings and connections between the Nordic syllabi are due to the influence of the CEFR or if other factors have been just as influential.

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Prunet, Jean-François. "Spreading and locality domains in phonology." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74017.

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Nkomo, Dion. "Towards a theoretical model for LSP lexicography in Ndebele with special reference to a dictionary of linguistic and literary terms." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1954.

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Thesis (MPhil (Afrikaans and Dutch))—Stellenbosch University, 2008.
This thesis discusses pertinent issues which should be taken into account in the production of LSP dictionaries in Ndebele. Special reference is made to a prospective Ndebele Linguistic and Literary Terms Dictionary, henceforth the NLLTD. The issues discussed include lexicographic planning, data collection, data processing, lemma selection, the provision of data categories and the utilisation of dictionary structures. The thesis demonstrates and emphasises the need for theoretical guidance in the execution of all lexicographic tasks. Two main theories are used to formulate a theoretical framework for this study. A general theory of lexicography developed by Herbert Ernst Wiegand is used to affirm the status of lexicography as separate from linguistics and other fields from which it draws theoretical and methodological insights. Lexicography is, according to Wiegand (1984), a scientific field concerned with the production of reference works on language. As a typical reference product, a dictionary is regarded as a utility tool with a genuine purpose. These two postulates of the general theory of lexicography enable lexicographers to carry out their tasks in a systematic and efficient way. The postulates are emphasised in the theory of lexicographic functions, which was developed by Danish lexicographers of the Aarhus School of Business, mainly under the direction of Henning Bergenholtz and Sven Tarp. Because of this, the theories are employed in a complementary way. Since lexicography is regarded by these theories as a separate discipline, it follows that the production of user-friendly dictionaries may not be guided exclusively by linguistic theories or other theories developed in disciplines with which lexicography comes into contact. It is important to reiterate this regarding terminological theories and special subject field theories in the case of LSP lexicography. The theory of lexicographic functions requires lexicographers to identify the target users of their dictionaries, and the situations in which the users may experience problems that may be addressed by means of lexicographic data. It determines dictionary typological choices, lemma selection policies, the provision of lexicographic data for individual lemmata, and the planning and utilisation of dictionary structures in a user-friendly way. The main motivation for the complementary use of the general theory of lexicography and the theory of lexicographic functions in this thesis was to ensure that efficiency is achieved on the part of the lexicographer carrying out his/her various lexicographic tasks and also on the part of the user consulting the final product. Although this is demonstrated in the thesis using the prospective NLLTD, the criticism of some published dictionaries indicates that their quality could have been improved if their production occurred under such a strong theoretical guidance. An attempt is also made to show that similar theoretical applications are definitely required in the production of LSP dictionaries other than the NLLTD in Ndebele and other languages.

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Fernandez, Almlöf Sebastian. "Peloton versus Pack & Bunch : A study of French lexical borrowing in live English cycling commentary." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-145001.

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The sport of cycling is an ever expanding global phenomenon, drawing crowds in their thousands to watch the races unfold. Its community has a distinct vocabulary, with many terms borrowed from several other languages, principally French. This study investigates the presence of French loanwords in the language of English cycling commentators, and to what extent these loanwords are used in comparison to their English equivalents. It also examines extra-linguistic factors that could affect the commentator’s choice of vocabulary, mainly the location of the race. The study investigated the language of English commentators from live broadcast of 6 different races: 2 located in English speaking countries, 2 in France, and 2 countries where neither French nor English was the native language. All utterances of French loanwords and their English counterparts were noted and collected for analysis. The findings demonstrated a clear presence of French loanwords in the language of the commentators, with a varying degree of frequency. Some loanwords were preferred over their English equivalents, whilst others were not. The location did not seem to have a significant impact on the choice of vocabulary, with the exception of the only race held outside of Europe, where the commentators demonstrated a clear preference for English terminology over French loanwords. The analysis concluded that many different extra-linguistic factors may play a role in the commentator’s choice of vocabulary.

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Noonan, Máire B. "Case and syntactic geometry." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39372.

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The first part of this thesis addresses the following questions: where in the syntactic tree, and at what representational level is an NP Case-checked. To this end, it presents converging data from French, Welsh and Irish, which suggest (i) that Case-checking may be accomplished under a variety of functional projections (subject to parametric variation); and (ii) that Case positions are--at least partially--independent of the A/A$ sp prime$-distinction. It furthermore presents evidence from Irish and Welsh--VSO languages in which NPs typically raise to their Case position only at LF--that NPs are, under certain conditions, Case-checked at S-structure.
Chapter 2 investigates word order and cliticisation in Standard French and Quebec French interrogatives and proposes a typology of interrogatives. Chapter 3 and 4 account for complementizer variation, pre-verbal particles and agreement patterns in Welsh and Irish under a Case-theoretic approach.
The second part of this thesis concerns the conditions on the availability of structural accusative Case. A theory of structural Case is proposed according to which accusativity is a configurational rather than a lexical property--i.e., resulting from syntactic geometry and not from lexical feature specifications on verbs. To this end, a comparison between the syntactic mapping of stative and perfective predicates in Irish and English is undertaken.

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Wu, Rachel Yi-Fen. "Establishing the validity of the General English Proficiency Test Reading Component through a criticial evaluation on alignment with the Common European Framework of Reference." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/223000.

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The present study aimed to establish an empirical framework for test validation and comparison of level-based test batteries and to identify parameters that are useful to explicitly describe different levels of reading proficiency examinations based on a critical evaluation of alignment of the examinations with the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). The scope of the study is limited to CEFR B1 and B2 levels. This study applied Weir’s (2005) socio-cognitive validation framework to examine various aspects of the validity of different levels of the GEPT in terms of contextual parameters, cognitive processing skills, and test results. The CEFR and two levels of a CEFR-aligned multilevel test battery, PET and FCE developed by Cambridge ESOL, served as external referents for a review of the similarities and differences between GEPT reading tests targeting CEFR B1 and B2 levels. To establish ‘situational and interactional authenticities’ (Bachman and Palmer, 1996), this study not only applied automated tools and expert judgment to examine ‘the degree of correspondence of the characteristics of a given language test task to the features of a TLU [target language use] task’ (ibid., 23), but also carried out what O’Sullivan (2006: 183) called ‘an a posteriori empirical exploration of test performance’ to gather evidence of interactional authenticity. The findings support the construct validity of the GEPT in general, but show that its cognitive validity needs to be enhanced by incorporating tasks which test expeditious reading operations. As regards the CEFR-alignment, the findings also show that procedures the Manual (CoE, 2009) recommends for linking an examination to CEFR levels do not produce sufficient evidence to demonstrate equivalence between different examinations that target particular CEFR levels. The results indicate that the GEPT Intermediate level and PET, both of which target the B1 level, are equivalent, while the GEPT High-Intermediate level and FCE, which target the B2 level, are much different not only in terms of test results but also contextual features and cognitive processing operations.

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Carrière, Hélène. "L'adverbe variable "tout" : une impossibilité /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2002. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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Arvidsson, Caroline. "Development of audience design in adolescents' reference production." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-193908.

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Compared to adults, children are less effective at designing their utterances to suit the informational needs of their audience. This listener-catering behaviour, known as audience design, has been hypothesized to rely on domain general cognitive mechanisms, such as working memory and cognitive flexibility. Considering that adolescence is an important period of sociocognitive growth, research on the development of audience design beyond childhood is surprisingly scant. The aim of this study was to trace the development of audience design in early and middle adolescence, and test its reliance on cognitive control function. Participants (11–12 and 15–16 years) performed two tasks assessing (1) the ability to adjust referential expressions to inferred knowledge of hearers and (2) cognitive control function. The findings suggest that the ability to take into account the informational needs of listeners during utterance formation develops considerably between early and middle adolescence. Although performance on both tasks was higher in the middle adolescent group, the study provides no evidence for a reliance of the measured audience design behaviour on cognitive control function. Future research should aim to determine whether the development of audience design in adolescence is facilitated by an increased efficacy of knowledge state attribution processes.
Förmågan att anpassa sina yttranden efter samtalspartnerns behov är mindre utvecklad hos barn än hos vuxna. Beteendet att ackommodera lyssnaren vid yttrandeformulering benämns ofta som mottargaranpassning. Mottagaranpassning i konversation har föreslagits vara avhängig exekutiva funktioner, såsom arbetsminne och kognitiv flexibilitet. Med tanke på att ungdomsåren är en viktig period för social och kognitiv mognad har anmärkningsvärt lite forskning genomförts på utvecklingen av mottagaranpassning under ungdomsåren. Målet med studien var att undersöka utvecklingen av mottagaranpassning i ungdomsåren och testa dess eventuella avhängighet av exekutiva funktioner. Deltagare (11–12 och 15–16 år) genomförde två tester som mätte (1) förmågan att anpassa referentiella yttranden till lyssnares förmodade omvärldskunskap och (2) exekutiva funktioner. Resultaten indikerar att förmågan att anpassa sina yttranden efter lyssnares förmodade omvärldskunskap utvecklas betydligt under ungdomsåren. Trots att den äldre åldersgruppen presterade bättre på testet som mätte exekutiva funktioner, predicerade inte exekutiva funktioner förmågan att mottagaranpassa referentiella yttranden. Framtida studier bör undersöka huruvida förmågan att tillskriva kunskapstillstånd till andra effektiviseras under ungdomsåren, och således främjar utvecklingen av mottagaranpassning.

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Ouayed, Abdul-Jabbar. "Manipulation of semantics and syntax : the use of emotive language in English and Arabic news reports and editorials with reference to translation." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1990. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1630/.

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Since language is an important means of communication between human beings, it is held that writers or speakers can affect their readers or hearers by using certain linguistic means. The manipulation of semantics and syntax, namely the use of emotive language, is seen as an affective means resorted to by text producers to influence the people's acceptance of the truth. Emotional language aims ultimately at persuading the addressee to accept the facts as they are presented by writers. It is regarded as a necessary condition for persuasion to be successful. This is due to the persuasive force of emotive meaning exerted upon the receiver. In addition, the employment of emotive language may be attributed to ideological considerations. This will be demonstrated in Chapter II. Emotiveness, as a means of persuasion, can be expressed by using certain devices such as repetition, intertextuality, word-order, figures of speech, intensifiers ... etc. These strategies will be discussed in detail with reference to translation in Chapter III. Furthermore, I must say that some of my remarks have been based on the findings of outstanding grammarians and linguists, and therefore, I have been obliged to quote from such works to substantiate my points of view. Before proceeding with the investigation, I must point out that the entire data of my work will be confined only to news reports and editorials both in Arabic and English, and for this end a number of articles have been used from official newspapers in both languages.

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Kempken, Julie Hoelle. "Language, Habitus and Healing in Une Fille Sans Histoire by Tassadit Imache." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1196390756.

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Riad, Tomas. "Structures in Germanic Prosody : A diachronic study with special reference to the Nordic languages." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Stockholm university, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb371819613.

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Papadopoulou, Zafeiroula. "Acquisition de la référence aux entités et au temps chez des apprenants héllénophones de français deuxième langue (FL2), troisième langue (FL3) et quatrième langue (FL4) : effets translinguistiques." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030118/document.

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Cette recherche traite de l’influence translinguistique qu’exercent des langues apprises antérieurement sur l’apprentissage du français L2, L3 et L4 par des apprenants hellénophones. Une étude comparative a été menée auprès de 13 apprenants de français de niveaux linguistiques différents. La référence aux entités et l’expression de la temporalité ont été analysées dans les productions orales et écrites de ces sujets
This work presents a study of the cross-linguistic influence of previously learned languages in second, third and fourth language acquisition, as it is the case for Greekspeaking learners of French as foreign language (FLE). A comparative study is conducted among 13 learners of English who have different linguistic background and proficiency. Reference to entities and the expression of temporality have been analyzed in the oral and the written data provided by the participants to the study

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Bissonnette, Stéphanie. "Comparaison du registre de lecteurs de bulletins de nouvelles québécois et français /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2000. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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Wirgell, Linnea. ""Authoritative" or "Neurotic" : A Study of Adjectival Descriptions of the Three Main Characters in Bridget Jones's Diary, with Special Reference to Gender Differences." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-4695.

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Andersson, Jasmine. "A thorn in the side and its equivalents in French and Swedish : One sense realized as three different idioms." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-95565.

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The purpose of this study is to analyse how three idioms, in English, French and Swedish, despite different lexical compositions are capable of conveying the same meaning. The idioms in question are a thorn in the side, une épine au pied/dans le pied and en nagel i ögat. This study is concerned with how different metaphorical images are used to express the same meaning. Furthermore, it examines what it is in the semantics of the lexical items that enables these idioms to express the same idiomatic meaning. Using a cognitive linguistic approach the analysis is conducted at a linguistic and a conceptual level. The analysis shows that these three different idioms are capable of conveying the same idiomatic meaning because they are motivated by the same conceptual metaphor.

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Merten, Pascaline. "La caractérisation multiple en français: description, comparaison avec d'autres langues et formalisation XML." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210993.

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Selon la théorie du syntagme nominal développée par Wilmet (2003), la notion de caractérisant est une notion fonctionnelle qui désigne tous les « accompagnateurs » du nom (ou déterminants) qui modifient l’extension du nom. Cette notion est indépendante des catégories morpho-syntaxique puisqu’on trouve parmi les caractérisants des adjectifs, des syntagmes prépositionnels, des noms, des adverbes, des propositions relatives voire des phrases entières.

Les linguistes du français se sont surtout intéressés à la position absolue de l’adjectif (antéposition ou postposition au nom), mais peu à leur ordre relatif. Il était intéressant d’étendre le point de vue à tous les caractérisants parce que le mélange de caractérisants de différentes natures, en particulier la séquence relative de l’adjectif et du complément du nom, pose d’intéressantes questions linguistiques. La notion fonctionnelle montre également sa valeur dans un cadre comparatiste, car différentes langues ne rendent pas le même concept avec la même catégorie morpho-syntaxique.

Notre théorie est que la séquence des caractérisants, tant en antéposition qu’en postposition, est régie par une hiérarchie de critères morpho-syntaxiques et sémantiques, en particulier par leur valeur classificatrice, descriptive ou spécificatrice. On a souvent classé les adjectifs en fonction de leur appartenance à une classe sémantique ontologique (couleur, forme, matière…). En réalité, de très nombreux adjectifs et caractérisants n’entrent pas dans ces catégories et ce type de classification n’est pas le premier critère à l’œuvre dans l’ordre des mots.

Le syntagme nominal apparaît dès lors comme structuré en différentes couches concentriques autour du nom ;il est délimité en antéposition par les quantifiants et en postposition par les caractérisants spécificateurs qui lui font en quelque sorte pendant. On observera dès lors d’intéressants phénomènes de sens et d’acceptabilité grammaticale dans le jeu des quantifiants et des caractérisants. Inversement, la position relative d’un caractérisant influe sur sa valeur. On pourrait résumer ces effets de sens par la formule :on dit d’abord ce que c’est, ensuite comment c’est, et enfin lequel c’est. De manière très générale donc, on observe que l’orientation des déterminants se fait selon un axe intrinsèque-extrinsèque ou objectif-subjectif.

L’étude d’expressions dans d’autres langues et dans des domaines spécialisés (cuisine, appellations officielles incluant des adjectifs géographiques, localisation de logiciels et chimie organique) permet de valider cette hypothèse tout en montrant que l’ordre des mots est un phénomène de génération, propre à chaque langue car la traduction modifie la nature morpho-syntaxique et peut modifier la valeur des caractérisants.

La partie technique de la thèse a exploité des techniques de traduction assistée par ordinateur, de traduction automatique et de traitement du langage, elle a fait appel aux langages de balisage standards de la famille XML pour la représentation des corpus et des règles ainsi que pour la réalisation des procédures. Les corpus spécialisés ont été constitués par alignement de corpus monolingues ou par traduction. Ils ont tous été mis au format XML ;les règles de traduction ont été formalisées dans le même format et elles ont été implémentées en XSLT. La formalisation des corpus en assure la portabilité et facilite les recherches de structures grammaticales sur un corpus catégorisé. Les corpus parallèles sont en outre d’une grande aide pour les traducteurs. Enfin, l’automatisation permet de valider les règles linguistiques proposées.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation langue et littérature
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Rudberg, Tom. "Le futur en français : Une étude sur l'emploi du futur simple et futur périphrastique à l'oral." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Romanska och klassiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157999.

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The general view by some linguists seems to be that the French simple future is often replacedby the periphrastic future in spoken language; a natural development characterized by anincrease of analytical forms at the expense of synthetic forms. However others claim that theusage of both simple and periphrastic future are still present in ordinary French, both havingdifferent implications. In this particular study, we examine the usage of simple future andperiphrastic future in the corpus ESLO2, which consist of transcripts of interviews andconversations from Orléans, France. We also examine some of the linguistic factors thatmight affect the usage of the two forms. Our hypothesis, based on previous literature andarticles treating the subject, being that the periphrastic future is used more frequently than thesimple future and that the traditional distinction between the two forms is not adequate inexplaining their usage in spoken French. The results of the study show that the periphrasticfuture is used more frequently than the simple form, and that there are linguistic factors thatcould explain their usage, however it is difficult to find unison explanations and furtherstudies are needed to conclude the factors behind the two forms.

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Demers, Monique. "Statut prosodique de la particule discursive "la" en français québécois /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1992. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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Mémoire (M.Ling.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1992.
Ce mémoire a été réalisé à l'UQAC dans le cadre du programme de maîtrise en linguistique de l'Unniversité Laval extensionné à l'UQAC. CaQCU Bibliogr.: f. 113-117. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

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Bardeau, Christian. "« À cœur vaillant rien d’impossible » : Métaphores et métonymies – Étude sémantique cognitive des occurrences du mot « cœur » en contexte." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-146487.

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Evrard, Ivan. "La diathèse, des origines à l'aube de la grammaire française: contribution à l'histoire d'un objet linguistique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211372.

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Elander, Astrid. "Att tala utan språk : Om kön och trauma i Ingeborg Bachmanns roman Malina." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-42587.

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This essay analyzes the Austrian author Ingeborg Bachmann’s novel Malina (1971) from two theoretical perspectives: Freudian trauma theory and poststructuralist feminism, as formulated by Julia Kristeva in Revolution in Poetic Language (1974). Both of these standpoints manages to explain one of the main issues in Malina, that is, how to give voice to that which escapes language. By arguing that the nameless narrator, Ich (I), has been traumatized by patriarchal structures, I show how these perspectives complement rather than exclude each other. Together they manage to give a new and more complete picture of the struggle for language depicted in the novel.

Godkänt datum 2021-06-01

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Axelsson, Marcus. "En kat ved navn pluskvamperfektum : En jämförande studie av de skandinaviska översättningarna av L'élégance du hérisson." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-58827.

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Studien undersöker i hur stor utsträckning de skandinaviska översättarna använder samma metoder när de översätter. För att kunna studera detta undersöks den danska, norska och svenska översättningen av den franska romanen L’élégance du hérisson med hjälp av Vinay och Darbelnets (1958/1977) metodologi. I studien kommer också översättarna till tals om de situationella faktorer som kringgärdat översättningsprojektet. Det största fokuset ligger på de indirekta översättningsmetoderna, eftersom det är dessa som visar på de största skillnaderna. Resultaten visar att översättarna väljer samma metoder i 42 % av den totala översatta textmassan. Resultaten visar också att den danska översättningen har störst användning av indirekta översättningsmetoder och därmed också är den måltext som avviker mest från källtexten, medan den norska måltexten är rik på så kallad traduction littérale och ligger närmast källtexten.
The study investigates to what extent the Scandinavian translators use the same methods when translating. The Danish, Norwegian and Swedish translations of the French novel L’élégance du hérisson are analyzed using Vinay and Darbelnet’s (1958/1977) methodology. In the present study the translators are also questioned about so called situational factors that might have influenced the translation process and its outcome. There is a major focus on the methods that are characterized by indirect translation, since these in a clear way indicate differences. Results show that the translators use the same methods in 42 % of the cases in the analyzed material. Results also show that the indirect translation methods are widely used in the Danish target text and it hence also distances itself the farthest from the source text, whereas the Norwegian target text is rich in litteral translation and closest to the source text.

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Damar, Marie-Eve. "Pour une linguistique applicable: l'exemple du subjonctif en FLE." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210654.

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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le domaine de la linguistique applicable, discipline médiane entre linguistique et didactique, qui s’intéresse aux contenus grammaticaux proposés pour l’enseignement. On y aborde la problématique de la grammaire sous l’angle exclusif de l’acquisition du FLE (français langue étrangère), et la première partie de la thèse est consacrée à une mise au point théorique dans les études psycholinguistiques et didactiques. La deuxième partie examine la méthodologie relative à la grammaire dans les ressources pour l’enseignement-apprentissage du FLE, les manuels et les ouvrages de référence grammaticaux, ainsi que sur les cd-rom et les sites internet consacrés au FLE. Les contenus relatifs au subjonctif ont été recensés dans ces supports pédagogiques, et on peut aisément montrer qu’ils ne correspondent pas aux usages réels de la langue. Faut-il préférer le silence ou le mensonge métalinguistique ?Si l’on ne peut se résoudre à aucune de ces options, peut-on reposer la question de l’apport de la linguistique à la didactique ?Répondant par l’affirmative, la troisième partie de la thèse passe en revue les théories linguistiques abordant le subjonctif :sémantiques, syntaxiques, générativistes, mentalistes, énonciatives, psychomécaniques, etc. Pour passer de la linguistique théorique à la didactique, un concept novateur est nécessaire :la valeur d’applicabilité. Elle est définie comme la tendance d’une théorie linguistique à être plus ou moins transposable pour l’enseignement-apprentissage. Les critères de cette valeur sont empruntés à des domaines variés, comme la philosophie des sciences, la lisibilité, et bien sûr la didactique. Le passage en revue des théories linguistiques montre que la théorie la plus transposable est celle de Marc Wilmet, mais qu’elle est ne rencontre pas tous les critères de la valeur d’applicabilité. Différentes propositions d’aménagement de la théorie guillaumienne, qui a inspiré celle de Wilmet, prennent place dans la suite de ce travail, et, même si elles ont une valeur d’applicabilité plus élevée, elles ne rencontrent pas non plus tous les critères. Enfin, cette thèse propose une théorie applicable qui concerne le subjonctif, mais aussi, plus largement, les modes français :infinitif, subjonctif et indicatif. Cette théorie fait appel à un principe explicatif unique :l’ancrage. Ancrer signifie lier le procès, par la personne et/ou le temps, au repère choisi par l’énonciateur pour l’énonciation. L’infinitif n’ancre pas le procès, le subjonctif l’ancre sur le plan de la personne et l’indicatif ancre le procès par le temps et la personne. L’ancrage est un terme simple, imagé, métaphorique, qui permettra aux apprenants de comprendre à moindre coût le système des modes français. La théorie permet de prédire les emplois dans un très grand nombre de cas, et cela, avec l’avantage d’une grande économie conceptuelle.

Les emplois du subjonctif français sont passés en revue à la lumière de cette théorie, ainsi que les nombreux cas de concurrence entre les modes. Enfin, on propose une séquence applicable, composée d’une synthèse sur les modes et d’explications sur le fonctionnement des emplois du subjonctif français, et incluant une progression des contenus grammaticaux. Cette ultime partie fait donc le lien avec le début de la thèse, et profite des recherches sur la grammaire en psycholinguistiques et en didactique.

En conclusion, cette thèse ouvre la voie à une rénovation profonde des contenus grammaticaux pour l’enseignement, tant pour le FLE que pour le FLM, car, si la grammaire française est réputée difficile, c’est peut-être autant dû à une inadéquation entre les règles et les usages donc à des lacunes de ses descriptions, qu’à une complexité inhérente au fonctionnement de la langue.

Doctorat en Langues et lettres
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Bissonnette, Stéphanie. "Comparaison du registre de lecteurs de bulletins de nouvelles québécois et français." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ53925.pdf.

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Johansson, Karin. "Hôtel Pacifique - "det stilla hotellet" : Översättning av en modern franskkanadensisk pjäs med åtföljande analys och översättningskommentar." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182477.

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Denna kandidatuppsats utgår från en egen översättning från franska till svenska av delar ur pjäsen Hôtel Pacifiqueav den franskkanadensiska författaren Fanny Britt.Syftet med examensarbetet är, förutom att skapa en spelbar text som fungerar i sin målspråkskontext, att undersöka det specifika i att översätta dramatik. I syftet ingår också att belysa och skapa förståelse för Québecfranskan och problem relaterade till att översätta språklig varietet. Det talade ordet står genomgående i fokus: replikerna i dramatexten och de karaktäristiska muntliga dragen för Québecfranskan. Newmarks kommunikativa översättningsmetod används som övergripande översättningsprincip för arbetet och visar sig vara kompatibel med texttypen trots vissa undantag. Resultatet blev en modern svensk pjäs med talspråkligt och idiomatiskt språk i replikerna. För att avgöra om texten är spelbar krävs dock att dramat uppförs på scen, vilket är ett framtida mål.
This essay is based on my own translation from French to Swedish of parts of the play Hôtel Pacifiqueby the Québécois author Fanny Britt. The purpose of the essay, apart from creating a text performable in its target language context, is to discuss and analyze the specialized nature of translating drama. The essay also aims to provide new perspectives on Québécois French and problems related to translating language varieties. The spoken word is the focal point: i.e. the lines of the drama and the characteristic oral features of Québécois French. Newmark's communicative translation method is used as the main translation principle. The method proves to be compatible with the text type despite certain exceptions. The result was a modern Swedish play with colloquial and idiomatic language. However, in order to determine if the text is performable, the drama must be presented on stage, which is a future goal.

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Maruri, Ramos Catalina. "Comparative Critical Discourse Analysis of CNN and Fox News Headlines: A Case of Immigration Detention in the US." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-169780.

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Immigration policies and border control in the US were hardened significantly more ever since the new government’s immigration executive order in 2017. A series of massive raids and immigrant detentions were carried out which got the attention of both human rights activists and the news media. How these immigration detention events are portrayed in the news media reflect, moreover, a series of discourses which seem to attract audiences from either left-wing or right-wing political ideologies, specifically to read CNN and Fox news respectively, according to previous survey-based research. This paper aims to identify through Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) how those in detention are represented in the news headlines of Fox News and CNN, and secondly, identify what possible left-wing and right-wing political ideologies about immigration are expressed in the news outlets. Reference strategies and transitivity will encompass the micro-level analysis, which focuses on language construction. For the macro-level analysis, on the one hand, discourse practices like process of production and consumption will be considered, and on the other hand, American foreign policy viewed from the left-wing and right-wing perspectives will be discussed to consider differences in style, tone, and perspective in CNN and Fox News’ headlines in relation to immigration detention events. Results show that CNN, tied to left-wing audiences, portray the immigration detention events from the perspective of immigrants who are in a vulnerable position since they are detained with their families. Moreover, Fox News, tied to right-wing audiences, show the events more from the viewpoint of the government and the public entities in charge of the immigration policies, who are in need to restrain, detain, and deport immigrants for the sake of the country’s security. This paper aims to contribute further to the research on political ideologies as a relevant factor to understand differences in discourse in the news media for future research.

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Velcic, Daniela. "« La sultane et sa sœur » : Une étude narratologique à partir de la thématique de la sororité dans Ombre sultane d’Assia Djebar." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för humaniora (HUM), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-4422.

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Ce mémoire est consacré au roman djebarien Ombre sultane, qui raconte l’histoire de deux femmes : Isma et sa coépouse Hajila, entre lesquelles se développe une sorte de sororité. À partir de la thématique de la sororité le mémoire cherche à analyser l’interaction du contenu et des trois aspects de la forme : la voix narrative, la focalisation et le temps narratif ; pour réaliser l’analyse nous utilisons une méthode narratologique, celle de Gérard Genette.

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Westerlund, Marcus. "Punktregel och precision : Kommenterad översättning av en EU-förordning." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-130829.

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Denna uppsats utgörs av en kommenterad översättning av ingressen och det första kapitlet i artikeldelen av den franska versionen av Europaparlamentets och rådets förordning nr 528/2012 till svenska. En strategi för översättningen bestäms utifrån ett antal utgångspunkter, exempelvis översättningsvetenskapliga teorier och EU:s anvisningar för översättning av rättsakter. Översättningen och den befintliga svenska versionen av förordningen analyseras sedan i syfte att undersöka likheter och skillnader i översättningsstrategi. Denna analys fokuserar på tre faktorer: transposition, modulation samt meningsbyggnad och EU:s punktregel. Det framkommer att både författarens egen översättning och den befintliga EU-versionen är mycket källtexttrogna, men att den befintliga versionen är mer källtexttrogen än vad uppsatsens översättning är, vilket tyder på en stark norm att inte avvika alltför mycket från källtexten.
The present study consists of an annotated translation of the preamble and the first chapter of the operative part of the French version of regulation No 528/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council into Swedish. A translation strategy is determined based on several factors, mainly applicable translation theories and the Swedish guidelines for translators of the Union’s legal documents. The translation is then compared to the existing Swedish version of the regulation in order to analyze similarities and differences concerning the translation strategies employed. This analysis focuses on three aspects: transposition, modulation as well as sentence structure and the Union’s punctuation rule. The analysis shows that both the author’s own translation and the existing Swedish version are very similar to the source text, but the existing Swedish version is much more so, indicating a strong norm not to stray too far from the source text.

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Kao, Chiou-Fen. "Éléments de l’énonciation discursive." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH022/document.

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En quoi peut consister l’énonciation dans le sens d’un énoncé ? Telle est l’interrogation à laquelle nous tentons de répondre dans cette thèse. Défendant une approche discursive du sens (Carel 2011, Ducrot 1984), nous nous fixons l’objectif de mettre en lumière une conception de l’énonciation dans cette perspective. Notre défi majeur est ainsi de démontrer, de manière concrète, une énonciation qui n’est pas conçue comme une sorte d’événement du monde relatif à la production d’un énoncé. Il s’agit en effet de cette conception de l’énonciation, d’ailleurs prise pour aller de soi, lorsque la plupart des auteurs (Kleiber 2008, Recanati 2008) interprètent un énoncé contenant une expression déictique tel que « Je suis Français » ou « Il fait chaud ici ». Défendant une approche référentielle du sens, ces auteurs sont amenés à repérer le référent correspondant à l’occurrence du mot « je » ou celle du mot « ici », avec la signification de l’un et l’autre mot prise respectivement comme « celui qui produit l’occurrence de je » et « le lieu où l’occurrence d’ici est produite ». Étant donné qu’un tel repérage du référent implique, de manière inévitable, de chercher dans la production de l’énoncé concerné, l’énonciation se présente ainsi comme extralinguistique et comme l’événement constitué par la production de l’énoncé. En nous appuyant, non sans une certaine liberté, sur les travaux respectifs de Benveniste (1966) et de Ducrot (1984), nous nous proposons de dresser le portrait d’une autre conception de l’énonciation qui relève plutôt du système linguistique lui-même, à la différence de celle dépendant ainsi de l’univers extralinguistique. À partir d’un fondement sémantique dégagé des travaux de ces deux auteurs, ainsi que des éléments que nous développons sur cette base, nous faisons des analyses portant essentiellement sur les marques de pronoms, afin d’illustrer la conception de l’énonciation que nous défendons. Qu’il s’agisse de l’analyse comparative entre « Je sais que p » « Tu sais que p » « Elle sait que p », ou celle entre « Je suis beau » « Tu es beau » « Il est beau », nos analyses impliquent donc certaines conséquences. D’une part, elles démontrent que les marques de pronoms peuvent comporter une valeur sémantique qui n’est pas relative à la référence ni à l’énonciation entendue comme un événement extralinguistique. D’autre part, elles permettent de voir que l’on peut rendre compte de ces éléments de sens non référentiels avec le cadre, inspiré de ces deux auteurs, que nous nous efforçons d’établir
How to understand “enunciation” in the meaning of an utterance? This is the question we are trying to answer in this thesis. Defending a discursive approach to meaning (Carel 2011, Ducrot 1984), we set ourselves the objective of bringing light to a conception of enunciation in this perspective. Our major challenge, as a result, is to demonstrate with tangible illustrations an enunciation that is not conceived as a kind of “world event” relating to the production of an utterance. As we know, it’s about this conception of enunciation, taken for granted, when most authors (Kleiber 2008, Recanati 2008) interpret an utterance containing a deictic expression such as "I am French" or "It's hot here". Mostly defenders of the referential approach to meaning, these authors pick up the referent corresponding to the occurrence of the word "I" and that of the word "here", with the meaning of these two words taken respectively as "the one that produces the occurrence of I" and "the place where the occurrence of here is produced". Given that such an identification of the referent involves, inevitably, a look at the production of the utterance concerned, the enunciation thus appears extralinguistic and as the event constituted by the production of the utterance. Based on Benveniste (1966) and Ducrot (1984) respectively, though not without certain inspiration of our own, we try to sketch the outline of another conception of enunciation, which is the one that comes rather from the linguistic system itself, unlike the one that is dependent on the extralinguistic context. In order to illustrate this conception of enunciation, we conduct analyses mostly on pronouns, and the semantic foundation is drawn from the works of these two authors, as well as from the elements that we develop on this basis. In fact, whether it’s the comparative analysis between "I know that p" "You know that p" "She knows that p" or the one between "I'm beautiful" "You're beautiful" "He's (It’s) beautiful", our descriptions do entail consequences. On the one hand, they show that pronouns can have a semantic value that is neither relative to the reference nor to the enunciation taken as an extralinguistic event. On the other hand, our analyses show that we can account for the non-referential elements of meaning with the frame, inspired by these two authors, that we strive to develop

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Hörberg, Thomas. "Influences of Form and Function on Spatial Relations : Establishing functional and geometric influences on projective prepositions in Swedish." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Linguistics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6867.

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The present work is concerned with projective prepositions, which express the relation between two objects by referring to a direction in three-dimensional space. The projective prepositions have been regarded as expressing simple schematic relations of a geometric nature. A theory of the apprehension of projective relations can account for their meanings when they express strictly geometric relations. However, many studies have shown that the appropriateness of the prepositions also depends on the functional relation between the objects and that a number of functional factors influence the comprehension of English prepositions. This experimental study investigates if the acceptability of the Swedish prepositions över, under, ovanför and nedanför are influenced by functional factors as well, and whether acceptability judgments about över and under are more sensitive to functional influences than judgments about ovanför and nedanför, as has been shown for the corresponding English prepositions over and under, and above and below, respectively. It also investigates how the shapes and the parts of the related objects influence their functional interaction, and how the acceptability of the prepositions is in consequence influenced by the shapes of the objects. It was found that the theory of apprehension can indeed account for the acceptability of the prepositions when the relation between the objects is strictly geometric. It was further found that acceptability judgments about them are influenced by functional factors in a similar manner to the corresponding English prepositions when the objects are functionally related, although judgments about under and nedanför are not differentially influenced by these factors. Furthermore, the shapes and the parts of both of the related objects influence acceptability judgments about the prepositions in predictable manners. An extension of the theory of apprehension is suggested which can account for the functional influences indicated in the present study.

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Perras, Jean-Alexandre. "L'exception exemplaire : une histoire de la notion de génie du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle." Thèse, Paris 8, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8969.

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Cette thèse montre comment s’est constituée la figure du génie en France au cours des XVIe, XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, en mettant en évidence les paradoxes qui lui ont permis de devenir l’une des notions fondamentales de la modernité. Cette analyse s’articule autour de trois axes principaux. D’abord, il s’agit d’interroger les circonstances de l’invention du terme « génie » dans la langue française, en insistant sur son bagage culturel gréco-latin. La notion de génie apparaît alors comme intimement liée au génie de la langue française et à son histoire. Ensuite, l’analyse s’intéresse au rôle que la notion de génie joue dans le cadre régulateur de la théorie poétique à la fin du XVIIe siècle. Le génie, qui se définit alors comme une aptitude naturelle à l’exercice d’une régularité normée du faire, n’a cependant de valeur que si cette régularité est transgressée, dépassée. Cette relation fait apparaître le paradoxe social que représente le génie, considéré à la fois comme exceptionnel et exemplaire. Ce paradoxe du génie est ensuite analysé dans le cadre du développement des théories esthétiques au XVIIIe siècle, fondées sur une expérience communautarisante du beau. Cette problématique est étudiée au regard de l’intérêt des philosophes sensualistes pour le problème que constitue le génie, en particulier quant aux mécanismes de l’invention et de la découverte. À l’issue de ce parcours, il apparaît que le génie est à la fois problématique pour les théories qui tentent de le circonscrire et unificateur pour la communauté qu’il permet d’illustrer.
This dissertation shows how the figure of the génie was constituted in France over the course of the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, by highlighting the paradoxes which allowed such a figure to become the fundamental notion of modernity. The analysis revolves around three main lines. First, the circumstances for the invention of the very term génie in the French language are examined by focusing on the Greco-Latin cultural background it carried along. As a result, the notion appears as intimately connected to the genius of the French language and its history. Secondly, the analysis focuses on the role this notion played within the normative framework of poetic production at the end of the 17th century. Paradoxically, the value of the génie, which was then defined as the natural ability for the exercising of a regulated technique of poesis, was inconceivable without the transgression of such a normative framework. This social paradox underscores the fact that a génie was, at once, considered both as exceptional and exemplary. Finally, this very paradox his analyzed further within the trajectory of the development of aesthetic theories, during the 18th century, which were founded on a community-defining experience of beauty. This specific issue his examined with reference to the interest sensualist philosophers displayed, in particular, for the mechanisms of invention and discovery. The investigation comes to the following essential conclusion: the génie was, at the same time, problematic for the theories that attempted to circumscribe it and unifying for the communities which were illustrated through it.

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Moon, Gui-Sun. "The syntax of null arguments with special reference to Korean." 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/22499596.html.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'General french language reference'

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