Journal articles: 'General Element Ratio'

1

Wang, Jian, Wei Zhang, Jin Zhang, and Wen Long Wu. "Element Bearing Ratio Based Integral Safety Evaluation of Penstocks." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 1604–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.1604.

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Though it had been employed for limit analysis and integral safety assessment of pressure pipe and vessel, most of the elastic modulus adjustment procedures were applicable to simple structures because their load multiplier was mainly determined by stress. In this paper, a series of element bearing ratio (EBR) based load multiplier algorithms are given, in which the influence of both stress and material on limit load are included. The EBR based load multiplier algorithms are investigated, and two efficient algorithms are suggested. Then the two algorithms combined with the elastic modulus adjustment procedure of elastic modulus reduction method are applied to limit analysis and integral safety assessment of penstocks.

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Daud, Ruslizam, Ahmad Kamal Ariffin, Shahrum Abdullah, Al Emran Ismail, and A. Zulkifli. "Computation of Stress Intensity Factor for Multiple Cracks Using Singular Finite Element." Advanced Materials Research 214 (February 2011): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.214.75.

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The simplification of two dimensional approaches in singular finite elements has promoted the method to be used in the formulation of stress intensity factor (SIF) of multiple cracks in finite body. The effect of shielding and amplification are considered in defining the SIF. As been observed, the current available analytical approximations are more restricted to several assumptions. The more accurate and less restricted method has motivated this study. This paper presents the investigation of singular finite elements applied in two dimensional finite element models subjected to different crack-width ratio and cracks interval ratio. The newly finite element formulations are resulted with good agreement with theoretical statement compared to analytical solution. The weak points of presented analytical solution are discussed regards to the influence of crack width ratio and cracks interval ratio.

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Yang, LuFeng, JingMin Liu, Bo Yu, and JW Ju. "Failure path-independent methodology for structural damage evolution and failure mode analysis of framed structures." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 26, no. 2 (August 3, 2016): 274–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789516662626.

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Traditional methods for structural damage evolution and failure mode analysis usually depend on specific failure path analysis, which is inefficient and time-consuming to implement for complex structures. In this paper, an efficient failure path-independent methodology for structural damage evolution and failure mode analysis of framed structures is proposed based on the elastic modulus reduction method. The element bearing ratio, uniformity of element bearing ratio and reference element bearing ratio are defined in terms of the homogeneous generalized yield function of spatial beam element, while a dynamic criterion is presented to identify the highly stressed elements. Subsequently, a self-adaptive strategy of elastic modulus adjustment is developed to reduce the elastic moduli of the highly stressed elements for simulation of structural damage evolution. Finally, the reduction rate of elastic moduli of the highly stressed elements is presented to determine the failed sections among the failure elements in the last iteration, based on which the potential failure mode is identified. The applicability, computational accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methodology are validated by comparing with the elasto-plastic methods through two numerical examples.

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Jiao, Chun Wang, Jie Liu, and Qian Qian Wang. "Dynamic Analysis of Nonlinear Anti-Resonance Vibration Machine Based on General Finite Element Method." Advanced Materials Research 443-444 (January 2012): 694–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.443-444.694.

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The operation principle of anti-resonance vibration machine was analyzed. The dynamic model of anti-resonance vibration machine with nonlinear spring was established. A new method for solving nonlinear equation based on general finite element method was put forward, the solution was compared with numerical solution, the validity of the solving method was validated. Then the affection of nonlinear and dynamics parameters to the amplitude stabilization was analyzed. the conclusion can be drown as: when the anti-resonance frequency ratio is 1~2,increase the nonlinear of spring can improve the amplitude stabilization, when the anti-resonance ratio is bigger than 3,there is less affection to the amplitude stabilization by nonlinear of spring. The amplitude stabilization can be improved by increasing anti-resonance frequency ratio.

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Jia, Xin, Zheng Xiang Huang, Xu Dong Zu, and Xiao Hui Gu. "Computational Analysis of Woven Fabric Impact Based on Hybrid Element Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 680 (April 2013): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.680.119.

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In this paper, Finite element modeling of the impact of the Kevlar woven fabric using hybrid element analysis (HEA) method has been carried out to find out a suitable ratio between area of solid elements used at impact region and area of shell elements used away from impact region. Three HEA models: about one time, two times and three times of the projectile’s diameter with 200 m/s impact velocities are constructed. The solid and shell elements with variable nodal thickness are joined together using tied interfaces in order to ensure that there are no artificial reflections of the longitudinal wave at the interface. The effect of the different ratio of local area and global area on the ballistic performance of the fabric is discussed.

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Shi, Wen Long, Jin Man Yan, and Xuan Liu. "Finite Element Analysis of Corrugated Mild Steel Damper." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 678–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.678.

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A new kind of mild steel damper which use corrugated plate as energy-intensive steel plate is proposed in this paper. The structures and energy dissipation principles of the new type damper are presented. The hysteretic performances of corrugated mild steel damper with different height-thickness ratio, or with the same height-thickness ratio but with different thickness are analysed by numerical simulation with ABAQUS platform and then parameter study on this kind of damper in detail. The results show that the corrugated steel damper has good and stable energy dissipation performance. The performance of energy consumption increases with the decreasing of height-thickness ratio. When at the same height-thickness ratio, the performance of energy consumption increases with the thickness of energy-intensive steel plate.

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Nandi, R. "Novel insensitive minimal-grounded-element dual-polarity ratio-type function generation." Microelectronics Journal 16, no. 4 (July 1985): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-2692(85)80069-0.

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8

Hashimoto, Ken-ya, Yuji Koseki, and Masatsune Yamaguchi. "Boundary Element Method Analysis of Interdigital Transducers Having Arbitrary Metallisation Ratio." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 30, S1 (January 1, 1991): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjaps.30s1.162.

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Skrinjar, Olle, and Per-Lennart Larsson. "On discrete element modelling of compaction of powders with size ratio." Computational Materials Science 31, no. 1-2 (September 2004): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2004.02.005.

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10

Mackay, Trudy F. C. "Transposable element-induced polygenic mutations in Drosophila melanogaster." Genetical Research 49, no. 3 (June 1987): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300027117.

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SummaryP-element mutagenesis was used to contaminate M-strain second chromosomes with P elements. The effect of P-element transposition on abdominal and sternopleural bristle scores and on female productivity was deduced by comparing the distributions of these quantitative traits among the contaminated second-chromosome lines with a control population of M-strain second-chromosome lines free of P elements. Estimates of P-element-induced mutational variance, Vm, for these characters are very high, and mutational ‘heritabilities’ (Vm/Ve, the ratio of mutational variance to environmental variance) are of the same order as heritabilities of these traits from natural populations. P-element-induced mutational variance of abdominal bristle score is roughly two orders of magnitude greater than spontaneous and X-ray-induced Vm/Ve for this trait.

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11

Yu, Qing Bo. "Development of a Low Yield-Strength Ratio and Fire Resistant Steel for High-Rise Building." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 534–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.534.

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Two low yield-strength ratio and fire-resistant steels used for high-rise building were obtained by the optimum of alloying elements and TMCP technology. It was found that the yield-strength ratio of steel composed of polygonal ferrite and bainite is lower than that of ferrite and pearlite, and Mo is a effective alloying element to increase the high temperatuare strength of steel.

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12

Pascon, João Paulo. "Finite element analysis of flexible functionally graded beams with variable Poisson’s ratio." Engineering Computations 33, no. 8 (November 7, 2016): 2421–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-08-2015-0225.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to deal with large deformation analysis of plane beams composed of functionally graded (FG) elastic material with a variable Poisson’s ratio. Design/methodology/approach The material is assumed to be linear elastic, with a Poisson’s ratio varying according to a power law along the thickness direction. The finite element used is a plane beam of any-order of approximation along the axis, and with four transverse enrichment schemes, which can describe constant, linear, quadratic and cubic variation of the strain along the thickness direction. Regarding the constitutive law, five materials are adopted: two homogeneous limiting cases, and three intermediate FG cases. The effect of both finite element kinematics and distribution of Poisson’s ratio on the mechanical response of a cantilever is investigated. Findings In accordance with the scientific literature, the second scheme, in which the transverse strain is linearly variable, is sufficient for homogeneous long (or thin) beams under bending. However, for FG short (or moderate thick) beams, the third scheme, in which the transverse strain variation is quadratic, is needed for a reliable strain or stress distribution. Originality/value In the scientific literature, there are several studies regarding nonlinear analysis of functionally graded materials (FGMs) via finite elements, analysis of FGMs with constant Poisson’s ratio, and geometrically linear problems with gradually variable Poisson’s ratio. However, very few deal with finite element analysis of flexible beams with gradually variable Poisson’s ratio. In the present study, a reliable formulation for such beams is presented.

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13

Süle, Krisztina, Dóra Kurucz, Ágnes Kajári, and Zoltán May. "Európai és távol-keleti gyógynövények és kivonatok fémelemtartalom-vizsgálata." Orvosi Hetilap 156, no. 31 (August 2015): 1261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2015.30193.

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Introduction: Metal elements and their excess intake have significant influence on general health. Aim: There is only little information how Far Eastern herbs resemble European’s regarding their purity and essential metal element content. The aim of the authors was to determine metal elements in different Chinese and European herbs and extracts. Method: The studied European herbs included Calendula officinalis petals, Achillea millefolium, Epilobium parviflorum herba, Urtica dioica leaves, Crataegus monogyna flowers while Far Eastern herbs were Cordyceps sinensis, Ganoderma lucidum, Ginkgo biloba leaves, Panax ginseng and Curcuma longa roots. The analysis was performed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Results: There was no considerable difference in essential metal elements and the Ca:Mg concentration ratio between European and Far Eastern drugs and extracts. Conclusions: The extracts are preferential metal element sources and their magnesium content are also advantageous, because of a shift of the Ca:Mg concentration ratio towards magnesium. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(31), 1261–1269.

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14

Zhang, Peng, and Fu Ma. "Analysis on the Ductility Performance of Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beams in Shear Wall Structure." Advanced Materials Research 788 (September 2013): 538–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.788.538.

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Coupling beam, the first line resisting earthquake, is directly related to the overall performance of the shear wall structure. Using the large general finite element analysis software ANSYS, the coupling beam span-depth ratio is 2~3 different reinforcement scheme in finite element analysis. Analysis on the ductility performance of reinforced concrete coupling beams in shear wall structure in three fields: the concrete strength grade, the longitudinal reinforcement ratio and the stirrup ratio, provides a basis for the design of the structure and to provide a reference for similar studies.

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15

Anyi, Joseph Nkongho, Jean Chills Amba, Dieudonné Essola, Ngayihi Abbe Claude Valery, Merlin Bodol Momha, and Robert Nzengwa. "Generalised assumed strain curved shell finite elements (CSFE-sh) with shifted-Lagrange and applications on N-T’s shells theory." Curved and Layered Structures 7, no. 1 (September 18, 2020): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cls-2020-0010.

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AbstractWe present a simple methodology to design curved shell finite elements based on Nzengwa-Tagne’s shell equations. The element has three degrees of freedom at each node. The displacements field of the element satisfies the exact requirement of rigid body modes in a ‘shifted-Lagrange’ polynomial basis. The element is based on independent strain assumption insofar as it is allowed by the compatibility equations. The element developed herein is first validated on analysis of benchmark problems involving a standard shell with simply supported edges. Examples illustrating the accuracy improvement are included in the analysis. It showed that reasonably accurate results were obtained even when using fewer elements compared to other shell elements. The element is then used to analyse spherical roof structures. The distribution of the various components of deflection is obtained. Furthermore, the effect of introducing concentrated load on a cylindrical clamped ends structure is investigated. It is found that the CSFE3-sh element considered is a very good candidate for the analysis of general shell structures in engineering practice in which the ratio h/R ranges between 1/1000 and 2/5.

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Jia, Yu, Li Jie Chen, and Qi Zhao. "Vibration Simulations of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Finite Element Method." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.21.

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Finite element (FE) method is used to study the vibration behavior of armchair and zigzag double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs). In the analysis, nonlinear spring elements and the Lennard-Jones potential function are used to simulate the Van der Waals' force between non-bond atoms of different tube layers. We systematically analyze the effects of aspect ratio, double-atom vacancy defects and Van der Waals' force on the vibration behavior of DWCNTs. The simulation results show that the first order natural frequency decreases with the increase of length-to-diameter ratio (aspect ratio), the existence of Van der Waals' force causes the increase of natural frequency, and double-atom vacancy defects results in the decrease of each order natural frequency.

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17

Karl, Lutz, Wim Haegeman, Geert Degrande, and David Dooms. "Determination of the Material Damping Ratio with the Bender Element Test." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 134, no. 12 (December 2008): 1743–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2008)134:12(1743).

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18

Tan, Yuan Qiang, Sheng Qiang Jiang, Cai Li, Dong Min Yang, Gao Feng Zhang, and Y. Sheng. "Study on Mechanical Properties and Size Effect of Si₃N₄ Using Discrete Element Method." Advanced Materials Research 76-78 (June 2009): 719–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.76-78.719.

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The mechanical models formed by packed circular discrete elements were used to investigate the mechanical properties of Si3N4. In these models, the distribution of elements is random in the specified region, and the average radius of elements is 6m. The main mechanical properties investigated here are Young’s modulus, compressive strength, Poisson’s ratio, fracture toughness and bending strength. Some numerical simulation analysis of the size effect of the mechanical properties in these discrete element models were carried out. The simulation results suggest that there is no obvious size effect for Young’s modulus, compressive strength and Poisson’s ratio in these discrete element models. However, for bending strength, when the number of elements in model is less than about 9000, there exists obvious size effect, with the increasing of the number of the elements, the size effect will become less and less until disappeared. The value of fracture toughness decreases with the increasing of the number of the model elements. The classical continuum fracture mechanics model about material fracture under tensile stress is also established by discrete element method. The simulation results are just the same as the simulation results of single edge notched bending (SENB) and the experimental values reported in other literatures. The results provide a more reliable foundation for the application of DEM in simulating the mechanical behaviors of advance ceramics.

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Saeid, Nawaf H. "Natural Convection From Two Thermal Sources in a Vertical Porous Layer." Journal of Heat Transfer 128, no. 1 (October 2, 2005): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2136367.

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Numerical study of natural convection flow induced by two isothermally heated elements located on adiabatic vertical plate immersed in a Darcian porous medium is carried out in the present article. The natural convection is affected by the Rayleigh number, the separation distance between the elements, their temperature ratio, and the length of the upper element. The numerical results are presented as average Nusselt number versus Rayleigh number for wide ranges of the governing parameters. It is found that the heat transfer from the lower element is not affected by the presence of the upper element for equal temperatures of the elements. The heat transfer from the lower element can be enhanced by increasing the temperature of the upper element due to the suction effect. The average Nusselt number along the upper heated element is found to increase with the increase of any of the governing parameters.

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20

Abdi, Behzad, Hamid Mozafari, and Ayob Amran. "Buckling Behavior of General Dome Ends under External Pressure, Using Finite Element Analysis." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 833–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.833.

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In this paper, the finite element analysis is used to investigate the effect of shape of dome ends on the buckling of pressure vessel heads under external pressure. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) with the use of elastic buckling analysis was applied to predict the critical buckling pressure. The influence of geometrical parameters such as thickness, knuckle radius, and the ratio of minor axis to the major axis of dome ends, on the weight and the critical buckling pressure of hemispherical, ellipsoidal, and torispherical dome ends, was studied. The four-centered ellipse method was used to describe the geometry of the dome end.

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Xu, Ya Feng, Peng Ju Sun, and Li Zhang. "Finite Element Analyze for a Connection between Steel Reinforced Concrete Filled with Steel Tube Column and Steel Beam." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.51.

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According to the existed theory foundation, the authors made a simulated analysis on mechanical properties of a connection between steel reinforced concrete filled with steel tube column and steel beam, using ABAQUS, which is a finite element software. The authors established element model reasonably, and got load- displacement curve in different axial compression ratios. According to the result, with the increasing of axial compression ratio, the elements' limit bearing capacity reduces significantly.

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Pereira, Andy, and Peter A. Peterson. "Origin and diversity of mutants controlled by the Uq transposable element system in maize." Genetical Research 46, no. 2 (October 1985): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300022679.

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SUMMARYThree transposable element mutations, displaying an unstable pheno-type at the A locus, were isolated from lines exhibiting Aberrant Ratio behaviour that originated from maize plants treated with plant RNA viruses. Each of these three unstable mutants is shown to belong to the Uq-ruq transposable element system. The two new mutants, along with the previously described a-ruq mutant, are nonautonomous in mutability control in that the control of mutability is governed by the segregating Uq regulatory element. By following the distribution of different Uq elements segregating in independently derived genetic lines and utilizing tests of allelism and linkage, certain lineages of Uq-element-containing lines are revealed.

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Faroughi, Shirko, Kramet Malekzadeh, and Ieraje Mirzaee. "Finite element supersonic flutter analysis of low aspect ratio stiffened wing." Journal of Vibration and Control 19, no. 14 (September 4, 2012): 2187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546312455211.

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Zhang, Wei, Li Wen Liu, and Lu Feng Yang. "Study on the Strategy of Elastic Modulus Adjustment of the Elastic Modulus Reduction Method for Limit Analysis of Structures Containing Flaws." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.655.

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As a limit analysis method lately presented, the elastic modulus reduction method (EMRM) has the advantages of simplicity and high efficiency. In this paper, the strategy of elastic modulus adjustment of the EMRM is studied in order to extend the method applicable to the limit analysis of structures containing flaws (SCF). Two new algorithms of the reference element bearing ratio, reference element bearing ratio based on reference stress (REBS) and reference element bearing ratio based on integral element bearing ratio gradient (REBG), are proposed. Numerical examples show that the problems of instability and non-convergence in iterative process of limit analysis of SCF are improved, when the REBS or REBG is used in the strategy of elastic modulus adjustment of the EMRM.

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Li, Tong, Ge Gao, and Xianlong Jin. "A non-integer step ratio parallel computing method for hybrid finite-element and discrete-element on multi-core computer." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2010, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2010/1/012074.

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Hayashi, Kazuhiro, Tomoya Matsui, Taiki Saito, and Roy Reyna. "Fundamental Investigation on Seismic Retrofitting Method of Aging Concrete Structural Wall Using Carbon Fiber Sheet-Constitutive Law of Rectangular Section." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (March 31, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8451043.

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Aging building structure has become a world problem. This problem is particularly serious in developing and underdeveloped countries. The multihazard resilience and sustainability (e.g., seismic performance) decrease at the aging building. A construction method for strengthening aging-reinforced concrete buildings by wrapping structural members with carbon fiber sheets has been proposed and implemented in recent years. Authors aim to develop a seismic retrofitting method of aging concrete structural wall with a rectangular cross section using carbon fiber sheets. In this paper, authors examined the stress-strain relationship of concrete elements with rectangular cross sections reinforced by wrapping with carbon fiber sheets. Monotonic uniaxial compression tests were performed on 21 specimens using the ratio of the long side to the short side and the ratio of the element height to the short side of the concrete cross section, the weight of the carbon fiber sheet, and the chamfer radius of section corners as variables. The tests revealed that (1) the compressive strength decreases and ultimate strain increases as the ratio of the long to short side (longitudinal ratio) of the cross section increases even in a range the ratio exceeds 2 and (2) the ratio of the element height to the short side does not significantly affect the stress-strain relationship. Furthermore, authors proposed evaluation formulas for the constitutive law of concrete elements with rectangular cross sections including the longitudinal ratio which exceeds 2 reinforced by carbon fiber sheets and confirmed that the formulas can reproduce the test results with good accuracy.

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Feumo, Achille Germain, Robert Nzengwa, and Joseph Nkongho Anyi. "Finite Element Model for Linear Elastic Thick Shells Using Gradient Recovery Method." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5903503.

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This research purposed a new family of finite elements for spherical thick shell based on Nzengwa-Tagne’s model proposed in 1999. The model referred to hereafter as N-T model contains the classical Kirchhoff-Love (K-L) kinematic with additional terms related to the third fundamental form governing strain energy. Transverse shear stresses are computed and C0 finite element is proposed for numerical implementation. However, using straight line triangular elements does not guarantee a correct computation of stress across common edges of adjacent elements because of gradient jumps. The gradient recovery method known as Polynomial Preserving Recovery (PPR) is used for local interpolation and applied on a hemisphere under diametrically opposite charges. A good agreement of convergence results is observed; numerical results are compared to other results obtained with the classical K-L thin shell theory. Moreover, simulation on increasing values of the ratio of the shell shows impact of the N-T model especially on transverse stresses because of the significant energy contribution due to the third fundamental form tensor present in the kinematics of this model. The analysis of the thickness ratio shows difference between the classical K-L theory and N-T model when the ratio is greater than 0.099.

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Özdemir, Yaprak Itır. "Eigenvector and eigenvalue analysis of thick plates resting on elastic foundation with first order finite element." Challenge Journal of Structural Mechanics 4, no. 2 (June 9, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20528/cjsmec.2018.02.004.

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The purpose of this paper is to study free vibration analysis of thick plates resting on Winkler foundation using Mindlin’s theory with first order finite element, to determine the effects of the thickness/span ratio, the aspect ratio, subgrade reaction modulus and the boundary conditions on the frequency parameters of thick plates subjected to free vibration. In the analysis, finite element method is used for spatial integration. Finite element formulation of the equations of the thick plate theory is derived by using first order displacement shape functions. A computer program using finite element method is coded in C++ to analyze the plates free, clamped or simply supported along all four edges. In the analysis, 4-noded finite element is used. Graphs are presented that should help engineers in the design of thick plates subjected to earthquake excitations. It is concluded that 4-noded finite element can be effectively used in the free vibration analysis of thick plates. It is also concluded that, in general, the changes in the thickness/span ratio are more effective on the maximum responses considered in this study than the changes in the aspect ratio.

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Abdi, Behzad, Hamid Mozafari, Ayob Amran, and Roya Kohandel. "Thermal Effect on Buckling of General Dome Ends Using Finite Element Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.340.

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In this study, the elastic buckling behavior of general dome ends under presumed temperature distribution and external pressure was studied. The Finite Element Method (FEM) was used to predict the elastic buckling pressure behavior when the domes were subjected to various operating temperatures. The freedom of the edges of the dome ends was completely restricted to simulate clamped end conditions. The four-centered ellipse method was used to construct the geometry of the dome ends. The influence of geometrical parameters such as thickness, knuckle radius, and the ratio of minor axis to the major axis of dome ends and the effect of temperature on critical buckling pressure of hemispherical, ellipsoidal, and torispherical dome ends were studied. It has been found that the under thermal condition, the thickness and the shape of the domes have the most significant effect on the critical buckling pressure. Two models of torispherical and ellipsoidal dome ends are analyzed by using finite element analysis.

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Zhang, Y. L., and Wu Yi Chen. "Finite Element Modeling of the Broaching Process of Inconel718." Materials Science Forum 697-698 (September 2011): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.697-698.39.

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2D finite element modeling of the broaching process of Inconel718 was conducted by using the commercial software. Models between cutting forces and cutting parameters were obtained. In addition, a general understanding of the effects of two machining variables rake angle and rising per tooth on chip curling process and gullet-to-chip area ratio, was also obtained.

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Keppler, Istvan, Zoltan Hudoba, Istvan Oldal, Attila Csatar, and Laszlo Fenyvesi. "Discrete element modeling of vibrating tillage tools." Engineering Computations 32, no. 2 (April 20, 2015): 308–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-10-2013-0257.

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Purpose – The analysis of the effect of tool vibrations on the measured and simulated draught forces of cultivator tools. This paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – Soil bin measurements and discrete element method (DEM)-based simulations. Findings – The soil-tool interaction induced free vibrations of cultivator tools have significant impact on the measured draught force, and the simulations made by using vibrating tools give similar results. Research limitations/implications – Accurate calibration of discrete element model parameters can be done based on the reproduction of the whole Mohr-Coulomb failure line. Draught force ratio – velocity ratio values seem to be independent of tool geometry and soil conditions in case of velocity ratio higher than 2. Practical implications – DEM-based numerical simulations can be used for modeling the effect of tool vibration on the draught force values. During discrete element simulations of soil-tool interaction, the effect of tool vibration may not be neglected. Originality/value – The paper demonstrates that during the discrete element modelling of the soil-tool interaction, the tool vibration phenomenon should not be neglected.

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Zhang, Wei, Lu Feng Yang, and Li Wen Liu. "Limit Bearing Capacity Analysis of Structure System with Different Types of Element Using Elastic Modulus Reduction Method." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 2335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.2335.

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Limit bearing capacity analysis of structure system with different types of element (SSDE) is difficult to elastic modulus adjustment procedures. In this paper, elastic modulus reduction method (EMRM) is introduced for evaluation of the limit bearing capacity of SSDE, using the element bearing ratio (EBR) as the governing parameter. As a dimensionless quantity, the EBR can be used to measure the bearing state of every element, and the scheme of reducing elastic modulus can be expressed using a uniform equation for different types of element. When the structure system destroys, all elements will tend to reach their own strength. The algorithm is then extended to the plastic limit analysis of SSDE. Numerical examples are employed to demonstrate the applicability, accuracy and efficiency of the method.

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Song, C. H., Shi Chun Yang, J. M. Wang, and Y. Q. Zhang. "Computer Simulation on Centrifugal Barrel Surface Finishing Based on Discrete Element Method." Advanced Materials Research 53-54 (July 2008): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.53-54.45.

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According to the motion features of abrasive particles and workpieces in centrifugal roller, considering the abrasive particles and workpieces as two kinds of ball particles with different materials and sizes, 3-Dimensional Discrete Element Method (DEM) was used to build the dynamics model of single abrasive particles and workpieces motion. Based on such model, in this paper, the influence of rotation-revolution ratio on medium movement was mainly analyzed. Supposing filling ratio as 20%, mixing ratio as 1.5:1 and revolution speed as 180r/min, the movement procedure of medium within centrifugal roller was respectively simulated under the different cases of rotation-revolution ratio as -0.13, -1 and -2, then the velocity variation diagram and the average contact forces diagram for abrasive particles or workpieces under different rotation-revolution ratio were obtained, the simulation results are basically coincident to the experimental results. Both results have proved that rotation-revolution ratio is the main parameter that changes medium motion law, which provides a very efficient way to further optimize design parameters and process parameters, as well as to improve production efficiency.

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Wang, Guang Hui. "Slot/Pole Ratio Design of Tubular Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor." Advanced Materials Research 179-180 (January 2011): 1303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.179-180.1303.

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In terms of various applications of linear motor, there are different design objectives with varying concerns. In this paper, the objective is to obtain the slot/pole ratio for tubular permanent-magnet linear synchronous motor (TPMLSM). Direct-axis current analysis and finite element technique are utilized to investigate the optimal slot/slot ratio design of the TPMLSM. Based on electrical angle drift of slots between two neighboring permanent magnets, the slot/pole ratio (SPR), one of the key factors in design, is deduced by direct-axis current analysis. In contrast to those experiment methods, the proposed technique is convenient and swift; moreover it is proven that the method is efficient by 2-D axisymmetic finite element analysis.

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Zhao, Anbang, Caigao Zeng, Juan Hui, Keren Wang, and Kaiyu Tang. "Study on Time Reversal Maximum Ratio Combining in Underwater Acoustic Communications." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 7, 2021): 1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041509.

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Time reversal (TR) can achieve temporal and spatial focusing by exploiting spatial diversity in complex underwater environments with significant multipath. This property makes TR useful for underwater acoustic (UWA) communications. Conventional TR is realized by performing equal gain combining (EGC) on the single element TR output signals of each element of the vertical receive array (VRA). However, in the actual environment, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the received noise power of each element are different, which leads to the reduction of the focusing gain. This paper proposes a time reversal maximum ratio combining (TR-MRC) method to process the received signals of the VRA, so that a higher output SNR can be obtained. The theoretical derivation of the TR-MRC weight coefficients indicates that the weight coefficients are only related to the input noise power of each element, and are not affected by the multipath structure. The correctness of the derivation is demonstrated with the experimental data of the long-range UWA communications conducted in the South China Sea. In addition, the experimental results illustrate that compared to the conventional TR, TR-MRC can provide better performance in terms of output SNR and bit error rate (BER) in UWA communications.

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Xu, Guo Lin, Ling Xin Zhang, and Ya Shuang Bai. "Nonlinear Seismic Response Analysis Method for Steel Mega-Frame Structures Based on Improved Finite Segment Element Plastic Zone Model." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.279.

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When conducting nonlinear analysis of frame structure, we usually adopt plastic hinge model or plastic zone model which based on bending beam theory. But the effect of shear deformation on element deformation are not considered in the analysis model established based on bending beam theory, which is only applicable to the elements with large span depth ratio. For the main structure of steel mega-frame structures, the depth of element section is very high. Thus it can not meet bending beam theory assumption. The common analysis model can not simulate structure reaction accurately. This article puts forward some treatment methods for existing problems of nonlinear analysis of steel mega-frame structures, establish member element stiffness matrix based on improved finite segment element plastic zone model and consider the effect of element shear deformation on plastic development.

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Özdemir, Yaprak Itır. "Forced vibration analysis of Mindlin plates resting on Winkler foundation." Challenge Journal of Structural Mechanics 4, no. 1 (March 3, 2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20528/cjsmec.2018.01.004.

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The purpose of this paper is to study shear locking-free parametric earthquake analysis of thick and thin plates resting on Winkler foundation using Mindlin’s theory, to determine the effects of the thickness/span ratio, the aspect ratio and the boundary conditions on the linear responses of thick and thin plates subjected to earthquake excitations. In the analysis, finite element method is used for spatial integration and the Newmark-β method is used for the time integration. Finite element formulation of the equations of the thick plate theory is derived by using higher order displacement shape functions. A computer program using finite element method is coded in C++ to analyze the plates clamped or simply supported along all four edges. In the analysis, 8-noded finite element is used. Graphs are presented that should help engineers in the design of thick plates subjected to earthquake excitations. It is concluded that 8-noded finite element can be effectively used in the earthquake analysis of thick plates. It is also concluded that, in general, the changes in the thickness/span ratio are more effective on the maximum responses considered in this study than the changes in the aspect ratio.

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Qin, Haoxing, Deqing Yang, and Chenhui Ren. "Modelling theory of functional element design for metamaterials with arbitrary negative Poisson's ratio." Computational Materials Science 150 (July 2018): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2018.03.056.

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Kim, H., J. Ryue, D. J. Thompson, and A. D. Müller. "Prediction of radiation ratio and sound transmission of complex extruded panel using wavenumber domain Unite element and boundary element methods." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 744 (September 2016): 012144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/744/1/012144.

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Zhang, Yun Tao. "Finite Element Analysis on Creep and Shrinkage of Reinforced Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.53.

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The finite element software ANSYS/CivilFEM was applied to analyses the influence of steel bar restraint on creep and shrinkage of reinforced concrete. The analysis results are in good agreement with the experiment results. When the reinforcement ratio is low, the steel bar exerts less influence on creep and shrinkage, and the influence of steel bar can be neglected in engineering application. However, the reinforcement can effectively reduce creep and shrinkage development when the reinforcement ratio is high.

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Xu, Lei, and Jian Gang Sun. "Finite Element Analysis on the Temperature Field within Steel Tube Reinforced Columns." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 2089–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.2089.

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The temperature field analysis method of steel tubes reinforced columns under fire by finite element analysis software ABAQUS is proposed in this paper. The theoretical method is validated by tests, and the calculated results agree well with those of tests. On the basis of that, the influencing laws of section perimeter; steel reinforcement ratio and sectional core area ratio on temperature field are discussed. It has been found that the effects of section size and sectional core area ratio on temperature field are significant, but steel ratio has very little effect on temperature both of steel tube and of sectional center. These achievements make it possible to study further theoretical study on the fire resistance of steel tube reinforced concrete columns.

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W. Ahmed, Qusay, Dhia A. Alazawi, and Hussein B. Mohammed. "STUDY THE BEHAVIOR OF ELASTIC MODULUS FOR ZIGZAG AND ARMCHAIR SINGLE WALL CARBON NANOTUBE STRUCTURE WITH FEM." Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development 25, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.25.4.10.

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A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model for single-walled carbon nanotubes with armchair and zigzag shapes is proposed in this paper (SWCNTs). Nodes are positioned at the locations of carbon atoms to design the FE models. And three-dimensional elastic beam components are used to model the bonds between them. The effect of the diameter length/diameter ratio on the diameter length/diameter ratio, cross sectional aspect ratio and number of elements on the Young’s modulus of SWCNTs has been considered herein. From the conducted experiments it can be observed that, the larger tube diameter can lead to higher Young’s modulus for carbon nanotubes. Such that, maximum elastic modulus for the armchair and the zigzag models has be obtained to be 1.0285TPa and 1.0396TPa when the diameters for the armchair and the zigzag models were 2.034nm and 1.957nm respectively. Increasing the length/diameter ratio has led the Young’s modulus to be increased for armchair and zigzag models such that its values can reach 1.0451TPa and 1.0191TPa respectively. The cross sectional aspect ratio of SWCNTs showed an inversely proportional effect on the elastic modulus in this work. As a result of rising the cross sectional aspect ratio to be2, the Young's modulus for armchair and zigzag models has decreased to 0.7991TPa and 0.8873TPa, accordingly. The change in geometry has been observed to be a defect and it is in general can decrease the modulus of elasticity. The number of elements in the armchair model considered as prominent factor that increases the young’s modulus to be 1.0280TPa when the number of element is 10836. In zigzag model, the number of element has no effect on the elastic modulus since the number of nodes that exposed to the applied load is fixed in this case. The findings showed that the proposed FE model may be useful for studying carbon nanotube mechanical action in the future.

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Karnauhova, G., and D. Kirichenko. "ROUND SLABS ON A RESILIENT BASE WITH VARIABLE BEDDING RATIO." Mechanics And Mathematical Methods 2, no. 2 (December 2020): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2618-0650-2020-2-2-63-74.

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The paper considers the application of the analytical method - the method of direct integration - to the calculation of building structures in the form of round and annular plates and slabs lying on a continuous variable elastic basis. The application of the proposed approach allowed to obtain solutions of a wide class of problems, the mathematical summary of which are differential equations with variable coefficients or systems of such equations, and at the same time to evaluate the possibilities and accuracy of calculation of finite elements. The base reaction is described by the Winkler model with a variable bed ratio. With respect to the bending of round and annular plates, formulas for the function of deflections and its derivatives, transverse force and bending moments are obtained. The method is applicable under any given boundary conditions on the contours. The calculation is reduced to determining from the given boundary conditions of the unknown constants of integration and numerical realization of the obtained solutions. The found formulas of the general form are transformed for practically important case when the factor of a bed and loading have the form of polynomials. It is shown that in this case dimensionless fundamental functions are represented by static series. To calculate the coefficients of static series, the corresponding recurrent relations are derived. The calculations show that the discrepancy in the results of the calculation of the deflections of the FEA and the author’s method (AM) is insignificant (not more than 1%), and the results of the calculation of radial and circumferential moments differ significantly, and this difference sometimes reaches 12-14%. However, when the grid is condensed in the circumferential direction, the picture changes, there is a convergence of the results obtained by two methods. This indicates the inaccuracy of the finite element analysis performed on the basis of automatic partitioning of the finite element grid. And this, in turn, leads to "blind" reinforcement of reinforced concrete slabs, in which it is possible, both re-reinforcement of the structure and its insufficient reinforcement.

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Zadeh, Mohammad Naghavi, Iman Dayyani, and Mehdi Yasaee. "Fish Cells, a new zero Poisson’s ratio metamaterial—part II: Elastic properties." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 31, no. 19 (July 27, 2020): 2196–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x20942576.

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Fish Cells as a new metamaterial with zero Poisson’s ratio in two planar directions is introduced with application in morphing aircraft skin. In order to tailor the design of this metamaterial for arbitrary loadings, equivalent elastic properties of the Fish Cells metamaterial are derived and analyzed using analytical and numerical methods. The admissible range of geometric parameters is presented and variation of elastic properties with parameters is studied. The effective elastic modulus of the metamaterial is derived analytically and verified with finite element models. The in-plane and transverse shear modulus of the metamaterial are evaluated using finite element analysis where accurate periodic boundary conditions for in-plane shear loading are investigated. The lower and upper bounds of the transverse shear modulus are derived based on strain and complementary energy relations which are verified with finite element results. As zero Poisson’s ratio behavior of the Fish Cells topology is proved, derivative geometries from this topology with zero Poisson’s ratio behavior are also presented.

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Zhang, Ting, Yong He, and Jian Zhong Fu. "Finite Element Modeling of Polymer Flow during Hot Embossing with Different Mold Structures and Embossing Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 305 (July 2011): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.305.144.

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The geometric structures of the mold and embossing conditions can obviously influence the filling flows in the polymeric patterns. In this study, embossing stamp and substrate with different geometries are used to investigate the flow behavior under both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. In general, for the stamp, small duty ratio cavity fills more sufficiently than large duty ratio cavity. With the same cavity duty ratio, inner cavity fills more quickly and sufficient than outer cavity. Compared to multiple cavities stamp, individual cavity fills more slowly, especially embossed with the stamp having small duty ratio cavity. Under non-isothermal embossing, the filling flow indicates a wall climbing flow and the polymer flow replaces the outer cavity better. Uncommon substrate provides a limitation of out-squeezing flow from polymer layers, so the polymer pick reaches the mold faster than common substrate like the flat. The present simulation study provides an analysis of the mold geometry especially the substrate geometry to govern filling flow and replication fidelity.

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Yin, Dong Hui, Xiao Gui Wang, Bao Xiang Qiu, and Zeng Liang Gao. "Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of 16mnr Steel with Effect of Stress Ratio." Advanced Materials Research 118-120 (June 2010): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.118-120.278.

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Fatigue crack growth was simulated by using a newly developed unified model on the fatigue initiation and crack growth based on an incremental multiaxial fatigue criterion. The cyclic elastic-plastic stress-strain field was analyzed using the general-purpose finite element software (ABAQUS) with the implementation of a robust cyclic plasticity theory. The fatigue crack growth rates with respect to three different stress ratios were selected as the benchmark to check the unified model. The predicted results agreed with the experimental data very well. The insensitivity of the crack growth rate to the stress ratio is due to the fast mean stress relaxation.

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Yun, Hyo Jin, Hyun Ki Choi, and Chang Sik Choi. "An Analytical Study on Evaluation of Lap Splice Length of GFRP Rebar According to Reinforcement Ratio." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.799.

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In this study, 2D finite-element study was performed to evaluate the lap spliced length of GFRP rebar of concrete beam designed according to requirements of the current design codes. The analysis models using the general-purpose computer program ABAQUS 6.10-1(2010) are based on the test results of previous researcher. The effects of spliced length and GFRP reinforcement ratio of concrete beam were described in this paper. Total 63 analytical models were considered and nonlinear Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis was conducted. From the analytical results, lap splice length of GFRP rebar was evaluated according to flexural reinforcement ratio.

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Biémont, C., S. Ronsseray, D. Anxolabéhère, H. Izaabel, and C. Gautier. "Localization of P elements, copy number regulation, and cytotype determination in Drosophila melanogaster." Genetical Research 56, no. 1 (August 1990): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300028822.

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SummarySeventeen highly-inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster extracted from an M′ strain (in the P/M system of hybrid dysgenesis) were studied for their cytotype and the number and chromosomal location of complete and defective P elements. While most lines were of M cytotype, three presented a P cytotype (the condition that represses P-element activity) and one was intermediate between M and P. All lines were found to possess K.P elements and only eight to bear full-sized P elements. Only the lines with full-sized P elements showed detectable changes in their P-insertion pattern over generations; their rates of gain and of loss of P-element sites were equal to 0·12 and 0·09 per genome, per generation, respectively. There was no correlation between these two rates within lines, suggesting independent transpositions and excisions in the inbred genomes. The results of both Southern blot analysis and in situ hybridization of probes made from left and right sides of the P element strongly suggested the presence of a putative complete P element in region 1A of the X chromosome in the three lines with a P cytotype; the absence of P copy in this 1A region in lines with an M cytotype, favours the hypothesis that the P element inserted in 1A could play a major role in the P-cytotype determination. Insertion of a defective 2 kb P element was also observed in region 93F in 9 of the 13 M lines. The regulation of the P-element copy number in our lines appeared not to be associated with the ratio of full-length and defective P elements.

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Lao, Xiao Chun, and Xiao Lei Han. "Performance Index Limits of Medium-Height RC Shear Wall Components." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 1134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.1134.

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In order to determine the deformation performance index limits for medium-height RC shear wall components based on Chinese codes with the shear span ratio between 1.0 and 2.0, the reliability of the nonlinear finite element method was first verified by four typical medium-height shear wall components experiments in some literatures. Then, the nonlinear finite element method was applied to analyze a set of medium-height RC shear wall components designed according to current Chinese codes. Parametric studies were made of the influence of shear span ratio λ, axial compression ratio μ and main flexural reinforcement ratio of confined boundary members ρflex. Finally, the deformation performance index and its limits of the medium-height RC shear wall components under severe earthquakes are presented by the finite element model results.

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Zhang, Jian, Jian Hua Song, Xiao Lan Wang, Xue Qin Jin, and Zhi Hua Wang. "Influence of Extrusion Ratio on Forming of Thick-Walled Tube." Advanced Materials Research 217-218 (March 2011): 952–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.217-218.952.

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Employed DEFORM software to simulate vertical extrusion of large diameter thick-walled pipe, by using the Finite Element Method in the three-dimensional modeling software Pro/E of the CAD platform. Analyze the law of blank flow in extrusion process, distribution of stress and strain, and the influence of different extrusion ratio on deformation of thick-walled tube comparatively.

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Journal articles on the topic 'General Element Ratio'

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