Academic literature on the topic 'General design framework'
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Journal articles on the topic "General design framework"
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Campagna, Michele, Andrea De Montis, and Giancarlo Deplano. "PSS design: a general framework perspective." International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management 6, no. 1/2 (2006): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijetm.2006.008259.
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Azzi, A., D. Battini, A. Persona, and F. Sgarbossa. "Packaging Design: General Framework and Research Agenda." Packaging Technology and Science 25, no. 8 (January 31, 2012): 435–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pts.993.
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Ma, Junhai, Airong Chen, and Jun He. "General framework for bridge life cycle design." Frontiers of Architecture and Civil Engineering in China 3, no. 1 (January 26, 2009): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11709-009-0004-7.
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Mason, S. G., and G. E. Birch. "A general framework for brain-computer interface design." IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 11, no. 1 (March 2003): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2003.810426.
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Wang, Ziyun, and P. Hu. "Towards rational catalyst design: a general optimization framework." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2061 (February 28, 2016): 20150078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0078.
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Rational catalyst design is one of the most fundamental goals in heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we briefly review our previous design work, and then introduce a general optimization framework, which converts catalyst design into an optimization problem. Furthermore, an example is given using the gradient ascent method to show how this framework can be used for rational catalyst design. This framework may be applied to other design schemes.
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KOTA, S., and C. L. LEE. "General Framework for Configuration Design: Part 1— Methodology." Journal of Engineering Design 4, no. 4 (January 1993): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09544829308914787.
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Hadjian, Asadour H. "A general framework for risk-consistent seismic design." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 31, no. 3 (2002): 601–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.145.
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Dagna, Alberto, Cristiana Delprete, and Chiara Gastaldi. "A General Framework for Crankshaft Balancing and Counterweight Design." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (September 27, 2021): 8997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11198997.
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In the automotive field, the requirements in terms of carbon emissions and improved efficiency are shifting the focus of designers towards reduced engine size. As a result, the dynamic balancing of an engine with strict limitations on the number of cylinders, the weight and the available space becomes a challenging task. The present contribution aims at providing the designer with a tool capable of selecting fundamental parameters needed to correctly balance an internal combustion engine, including the masses and geometry of the elements to be added directly onto the crankshaft and onto the balancing shafts. The relevant elements that distinguish the tool from others already proposed are two. The first is the comprehensive matrix formulation which makes the tool fit for a wide variety of engine configurations. The second is an optimisation procedure that selects not only the position of the mass and centre of gravity of the counterweight but also its complete geometric configuration, thus instantaneously identifying the overall dimensions and weight of the crankshaft.
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Arranz, Lara Briñón, Alexandre Seuret, and Carlos Canudas de Wit. "General Framework using Affine Transformations to Formation Control Design." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 43, no. 19 (2010): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20100913-2-fr-4014.00075.
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Adolf-Bryfogle, Jared, Oleks Kalyuzhniy, Michael Kubitz, Brian D. Weitzner, Xiaozhen Hu, Yumiko Adachi, William R. Schief, and Roland L. Dunbrack. "RosettaAntibodyDesign (RAbD): A general framework for computational antibody design." PLOS Computational Biology 14, no. 4 (April 27, 2018): e1006112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006112.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "General design framework"
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Van, Schaik Jeroen Robbert. "A framework for design rationale capture and use during geometry design." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/371822/.
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Despite broad agreement on the utility of design rationale use and capture, a review of the relevant literature shows that industrial usage remains limited, especially during geometry design. An initial field study confirmed low design rationale capture during the geometry design stage. The lack of linking between design rationale and geometry models is identified as a factor holding back design rationale capture. A toolset is presented to link entities in geometry models to design rationale, allowing the creation of design rationale referring to a specific geometry design decision. Using the design rationale links it is possible to create graphs of the structure of geometry models and attached rationale. Furthermore the presence and quantity of design rationale can be displayed as a coloured overlay on the geometry. The toolset has been tested by 7 groups of student-designers, and although the uptake of the design rationale linking tool by the users was low, results show that groups using the tool captured relatively more design rationale during geometry design, although reservations have to be made regarding to self-selection bias. The study shows that the availability of design rationale linking tools is not by itself enough to improve design rationale capture during geometry design.
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Umar, Abubakar Attah. "Design for safety framework for offshore oil and gas platforms." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1135/.
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This main aim of this work is to develop a “design for safety” based risk assessment technique for the offshore platforms in order to facilitate decision making. This is achieved through detailed examination of related risks, and review of relevant literatures and traditional safety assessment methods leading to the development of a new knowledge-based risk assessment method (KBRAM) through the research methodology process. The methodology involves detailed definition of the research aim and objectives, further literature review on risk analysis and the related topics of safety assessment and safety management systems. This process laid the foundation for the establishment of a framework for the integration of design for safety and fuzzy reasoning approach to model the risk assessment procedure for offshore platforms. The research procedure requires collection of data which was obtained from the industry in this instance. The collection methods involve surveys visit interviews and questionnaires which together constitute vital information required for test running the model and conduct preliminary validation studies with regard to offshore platform risk assessment to enable provision reaching some conclusions. The results obtained through testing of KBRAM using data collected from the industry show the determination of risk level classification has been improved compared to the one obtained using same data on the traditional fuzzy two-input parameter risk assessment method (TPRAM) due to the addition of a third parameter in the KBRAM. In conclusion, the above result satisfy the research aim of facilitating decision-making process based on reduced cost of safety due to more efficient risk evaluations.
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Noune, Mohamed Badreddine. "SC-FDE with flexible resource allocation : a general transceiver design framework." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.535212.
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Yong, Kin Fuai. "Emerging human-computer interaction interfaces : a categorizing framework for general computing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90692.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 86).
Executive summary: The dominant design of Human-Computer Interface over last thirty years has been the combination of monitor, keyboard and mouse. However the constant miniaturization of IC and sensors and the availability of computing power has spurred incredible new dimensions of inputs (touch, gesture, voice, brain wave, etc.) and outputs (watch, glasses, phone, surface, etc.), which started the explosive growth of recombination of both inputs and outputs into new classes of devices. The design constraints have also noticeably shifted from technical to ergonomic and contextual. This thesis sets out to map these new interfaces to the use context in general computing and project the adoption path and the driving factors behind them. The theoretical foundation of this thesis is based on multiple technology innovation theories including the importance of Innovation and Technology Diffusion Models from Paul Geroski, Dominant Design from James Utterback, the Curse of Innovation from John Gourville and Lead User Innovation by Eric Von Hippel. System Architecture thinking, founded most notably by Ed Crawley and Olivier de Weck from MIT, is also applied to analyze the architecture of Human- Computer Interface. The study of Human-Computer Interface starts with a case study of the invention of the computer mouse - conceived in 1968 by Douglas Engelbart. A paper published by Engelbart compared different technologies and the mouse emerged as superior with lower fatigue and error rate yet a surprisingly short learning time. The mouse, however, was not popularized until Apple showcased the design with the first GUI1 on a personal computer on its Macintosh in 1984, and its subsequent mass adoption by Microsoft Windows in the late 1980s. The case study showed that even with the superior design of a specific HCI, a number of other factors, including holistic solution, killer application, market position and platform strategy, are required for successful adoption. The next chapter maps out developing Human-Computer Interface technologies and notable existing or developing products and their company background. The superiority of an interface depends on how well it fits into the inherent nature of a specific use context. The daily general computing domains of an average computer user include collaboration, productivity, media consumption, communication and augmentation. The clear distinction of the use context in each domain strongly correlates with the effectiveness of the Human-Computer Interface in each class of device. The chapter includes analysis of proposed frameworks that place HCI interface on a plot of interaction complexity against screen sizes. Several industry experts generally agreed on a few observations: the keyboard and mouse will remain as the primary input interface for the productivity domain, the growing importance of collaboration, the increasing emphasis on human-centered design, and the huge opportunity in the wearable market with a potential size of $50 billion. In conclusion, the projected future of adoption is: * The collaboration domain needs the combination of a low fatigue, high precision interface for productivity; a high freedom, low precision interface for creativity; and a large output screen for multiple collaborators. This will remain the frontier battleground for a variety of concepts from several giant players and niche players, each with a different competitive edge. * Productivity domain input interfaces will likely continue to be dominated by low fatigue, high precision interfaces that are not necessarily intuitive i.e. a keyboard and mouse. 3D manipulation will remain a niche interface only needed by specific industries, while a 3D general computing environment is unlikely to be realized in the short term. * The media consumption domain will be the major area of adoption for medium accuracy, highly intuitive interfaces, e.g. gesture and sound. Personal media consumption devices might be challenged by head-mounted display while group media consumption devices face an interesting challenge from bridging devices like Chromecast. * The communication domain needs an input interface that is fairly accurate and responsive, with just enough screen space. Voice recognition is rising fast to challenge typing. The dominating form factor will be the smartphone but challenged by glasses. * The augmentation domain needs an interface that is simple and fairly accurate. New input interfaces like brainwave, gaze detection, and muscle signal will be adopted here given the right context. Flexible OLED is likely to revolutionize both input and output interfaces for wearable devices. Product developers should choose technology according to their targeted domain and identify competitors using this framework. Killer applications should be developed early, internally or with partners, to ensure success, while platform strategy can leverage innovation of third-party developers to widen the application. During the course of research, other opportunities arising from the proliferation of computing are also identified in the areas of the Internet of Things, smart objects and smart healthcare. This thesis is based mainly in qualitative analysis due to the lack of comprehensive data on the new Human-Computer Interfaces. Future research can collect quantitative data based on the framework of the five domains of general computing activities and their categorical requirements. It is also possible to extend the model to other computing use cases, for example Gaming, Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality.
by Kin Fuai Yong.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Hohnloser, Peter. "Design of a general framework for synchronizing behaviors in a complex robot." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-58254.
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This thesis describes a general framework for synchronizing behaviors in a complex robot, using a Finite State Machine. The framework is developed in C++ and with the robotic framework ROS. It will be used for the EU funded research project CROPS for developing a fruit harvesting robot. The thesis also focuses on how to connect a robot behavior to a state that makes pre-emptive multitasking possible. One important thing about connecting a behavior to a state is which kind of communication to use; publish-subscribe, request-reply, or a goal-feedback-result communication. These communications can be used by two different state interfaces. Another important point regarding connecting a behavior to a state is the definition of state transitions. The state transitions are defined in a text file in yaml format. There are also three different ways of implementing state transactions presented. Passing data by ROS messages, by ROS parameter server and by saving and loading data in and from the Finite State Machine. The framework has been successfully implemented in CROPS and is able to control a robot arm.
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Phoomboplab, Tirawat. "Self-resilient production systems : framework for design synthesis of multi-station assembly systems." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/59325/.
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Product design changes are inevitable in the current trend of time-based competition where product models such as automotive bodies and aircraft fuselages are frequently upgraded and cause assembly process design changes. In recent years, several studies in engineering change management and reconfigurable systems have been conducted to address the challenges of frequent product and process design changes. However, the results of these studies are limited in their applications due to shortcomings in three aspects which are: (i) They rely heavily on past records which might only be a few relevant cases and insufficient to perform a reliable analysis; (ii) They focus mainly on managing design changes in product architecture instead of both product and process architecture; and (iii) They consider design changes at a station-level instead of a multistation level. To address the aforementioned challenges, this thesis proposes three interrelated research areas to simulate the design adjustments of the existing process architecture. These research areas involve: (i) the methodologies to model the existing process architecture design in order to use the developed models as assembly response functions for assessing Key Performance Indices (KPIs); (ii) the KPIs to assess quality, cost, and design complexity of the existing process architecture design which are used when making decisions to change the existing process architecture design; and (iii) the methodology to change the process architecture design to new optimal design solutions at a multi-station level. In the first research area, the methodology in modeling the functional dependence of process variables within the process architecture design are presented as well as the relations from process variables and product architecture design. To understand the engineering change propagation chain among process variables within the process architecture design, a functional dependence model is introduced to represent the design dependency among process variables by cascading relationships from customer requirements, product architecture, process architecture, and design tasks to optimise process variable design. This model is used to estimate the level of process variable design change propagation in the existing process architecture design Next, process yield, cost, and complexity indices are introduced and used as KPIs in this thesis to measure product quality, cost in changing the current process design, and dependency of process variables (i.e, change propagation), respectively. The process yield and complexity indices are obtained by using the Stream-of-Variation (SOVA) model and functional dependence model, respectively. The costing KPI is obtained by determining the cost in optimizing tolerances of process variables. The implication of the costing KPI on the overall cost in changing process architecture design is also discussed. These three comprehensive indices are used to support decision-making when redesigning the existing process architecture. Finally, the framework driven by functional optimisation is proposed to adjust the existing process architecture to meet the engineering change requirements. The framework provides a platform to integrate and analyze several individual design synthesis tasks which are necessary to optimise the multi-stage assembly processes such as tolerance of process variables, fixture layouts, or part-to-part joints. The developed framework based on transversal of hypergraph and task connectivity matrix which lead to the optimal sequence of these design tasks. In order to enhance visibility on the dependencies and hierarchy of design tasks, Design Structure Matrix and Task Flow Chain are also adopted. Three scenarios of engineering changes in industrial automotive design are used to illustrate the application of the proposed redesign methodology. The thesis concludes that it is not necessary to optimise all functional designs of process variables to accommodate the engineering changes. The selection of only relevant functional designs is sufficient, but the design optimisation of the process variables has to be conducted at the system level with consideration of dependency between selected functional designs.
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Taylor, Richard Paul. "An artificial intelligence framework for experimental design and analysis in discrete event simulation." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1988. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/109868/.
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Simulation studies cycle through the phases of formulation, programming, verification and validation, experimental design and analysis, and implementation. The work presented has been concerned with developing methods to enhance the practice and support for the experimental design and analysis phase of a study. The investigation focussed on the introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to this phase, where previously there existed little support. The reason for this approach was the realisation that the experimentation process in a simulation study can be broken down into a reasoning component and a control of execution component. In most studies, a user would perform both of these. The involvement of a reasoning process attracted the notion of artificial intelligence or at least the prospective use of its techniques. After a study into the current state of the art, work began by considering the development of a support system for experimental design and analysis that had human intelligence and machine control of execution. This provided a semi-structured decision-making environment in the form of a controller that requested human input. The controller was made intelligent when it was linked to a non-procedural (PROLOG) program that provided remote intelligent input from either the user or default heuristics. The intelligent controller was found to enhance simulation experimentation because it ensures that all the steps in the experimental design and analysis phase take place and receive appropriate input. The next stage was to adopt the view that simulation experimental design and analysis may be enhanced through a system that had machine intelligence but expected human control of execution. This provided the framework of an advisor that adopted a consultation expert system paradigm. Users were advised on how to perform simulation experimentation. Default reasoning strategies were implemented to provide the system with advisory capabilities in the tasks of prediction, evaluation, comparison, sensitivity analysis, transient behaviour, functional relations, optimisation. Later the controller and the advisor were linked to provide an integrated system with both machine intelligence and machine control of execution. User involvement in the experimentation process was reduced considerably as support -¿as provided in both the reasoning and control of execution aspects. Additionally, this integrated system supports facilities for refinement purposes that aim at turning the system’s knowledge into expertise. It became theoretically possible for other simulation experts to teach the system or experiment with their own rules and knowledge. The following stage considered making the knowledge of the system available to the user, thereby turning the system into a teacher and providing pedagogical support Teaching was introduced through explanation and demonstration. The explanation facility used a mixed approach: it combined a first time response explanation facility to "how" and "why" questions with a menu driven information system facility for "explain" requests or further queries. The demonstration facility offers tutorials on the use of the system and how to carry out an investigation of any of the tasks that the system can address. The final part of the research was to collect some empirical results about the performance of the system. Some experiments were performed retroactively on existing studies. The system was also linked to a data-driven simulation package 'hat permitted evaluation using some large scale industrial applications. The system’s performance was measured by its ability to perform as well as students with simulation knowledge but not necessarily expertise. The system was also found to assist the user with little or no simulation knowledge to perform as well as students with knowledge. This study represents the first practical attempts to use the expert system framework to model the processes involved in simulation experimentation. The framework described in this thesis has been implemented as a prototype advisory system called WES (Warwick Expert Simulator). The thesis concludes that the framework proposed is robust for this purpose.
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Duranti, Daniele. "Tangible Interaction in Museums and Cultural Heritage Sites: Towards a Conceptual and Design Framework." Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2017. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/232/1/Duranti_phdthesis.pdf.
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Drawing on a design perspective, the research explores the application
of tangible interaction in museums and cultural heritage sites. Tangible
interaction is today a quite consolidated research area inside HCI
(Human-Computer Interaction) and Interaction Design. It refers to a
new way of interacting with computer systems that is more similar to
the way one commonly interacts with the real world: instead of using
generic devices like the mouse or the keyboard, one interacts using
specific objects or the body. In this way, tangible interaction is able to
bridge the gap between the world of atoms and the world of bits (Ishii
et al., 1997).
Since the early 2000s, tangible interaction has also been applied to the
cultural heritage field for the creation of onsite interactive installations
that better integrate digital technologies, the materiality of the objects
and the physicality of the experience during the visit.
So far, research in the field of tangible interaction applied to cultural
heritage has mainly focused on developing new systems and
evaluating them while a move towards more theoretical and conceptual
works is still missing. As a consequence, there is not a common
language in the field, there is not a deep understanding of what has
been done and what is missing, and there is not a formalization of the
aspects that make up the design of tangible interaction systems in the
cultural heritage field. This situation might generate issues such as
ambiguity and misunderstanding between the different professionals
involved in projects, it might slow down innovation in the field, and
last but not least, it might make the design process slower, less efficient
and effective.
This research represents a first attempt to overcome at least partially
these problems by replying to three main questions that are:
1. How has tangible interaction been applied to onsite interactive
installations in the cultural sector?
2. What kind of experiences of cultural heritage does tangible
interaction allow?
3. What are the aspects that make up the design of a tangible
interaction system?
In order to answer these questions a theoretical framework for tangible
interaction in museums and cultural heritage sites is proposed,
similarly to what has been done in the past for other types of
technologies (e.g. Spallazzo, 2012). The framework developed as part of this research can be intended as both a conceptual framework and the
theoretical foundations of a design framework. Indeed, not only it
shows what tangible interaction is by providing a categorization of past
tangible interaction systems, but it also identifies a set of aspects that
make up the design of such interactive systems. These aspects represent
themes around which choices have to be made during the process of
design, and the knowledge of which can facilitate or inspire the design
process itself.
The framework has been developed starting from the collection and
analysis of more than 60 tangible interaction projects. In particular, the
projects have been analysed using a thematic analysis, combining an
inductive (bottom-up) and deductive (top-down) approach in order to
identify themes and subthemes (categories and subcategories). In order
to discuss and develop further reflections about the framework being
proposed, the research goes on presenting a reconstruction and analysis
of a practical case study, the interactive exhibition “Voices from Forte
Pozzacchio” developed as part of the EU funded “meSch” research
project.
The proposed framework can be beneficial for researchers as it
provides a language and a conceptual model that can help them to
reflect and discuss about the topic, to orient future research, to
cooperate with other researchers. It can also be used to provide
different practitioners (e.g. designers, developers and cultural heritage
professionals) with a shared view of what tangible interaction is, that
can help reduce misunderstandings and can facilitate collaboration
between them. In addition, the framework lays the theoretical
foundations for a design framework, addressed to designers or design
teams, that aims to provide them with a greater awareness of important
aspects to consider during the design process, potentially making it
more effective and efficient.
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Mitseas, Ioannis. "An efficient stochastic dynamics framework for response determination, reliability assessment, and performance-based design of nonlinear structural systems." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2010745/.
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An approximate analytical technique for determining the survival probability and first-passage probability density function (PDF) of nonlinear multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) structural systems subject to an evolutionary stochastic excitation vector is developed. The proposed technique can be construed as a two-stage approach. First, relying on statistical linearization and utilizing a dimension reduction approach the nonlinear n-degree-of-freedom system is decoupled and cast into (n) effective single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) linear time-varying (LTV) oscillators corresponding to each and every DOF of the original MDOF system. Second, utilizing the effective SDOF LTV oscillator time-varying stiffness and damping elements in conjunction with a stochastic averaging treatment of the problem, the MDOF system survival probability and first-passage PDF are efficiently determined. Applications regarding MDOF structural systems exhibiting highly nonlinear behavior subject to stochastic excitations possessing separable as well as non-separable evolutionary power spectra (EPS) are included. Furthermore, a computationally efficient methodology for conducting fragility analysis of nonlinear/hysteretic MDOF structural systems is developed. Specifically, fragility surfaces are estimated for nonlinear/hysteretic MDOF structural systems subject to evolutionary stochastic earthquake excitations. An approximate nonlinear stochastic dynamics formulation which consist the core of the developed methodology, allows for the efficient computation of structural system fragilities in a straightforward manner while it keeps the computational cost for the corresponding analyses at a minimum level. Nonlinear MDOF structural systems exhibiting a hysteretic restoring force-displacement Bouc-Wen feature, serve as numerical examples for demonstrating the efficiency of the proposed methodology. Comparisons with pertinent Monte Carlo simulations are included as well demonstrating the satisfactory level of the exhibited accuracy. Appended to the above, a novel integrated approach for structural system optimal design considering life cycle cost (LCC) is developed. Specifically, a performance-based multi-objective design optimization framework for nonlinear/hysteretic MDOF structural systems subject to non-stationary stochastic excitations is formulated. The developed approach encompasses an efficient analytical nonlinear stochastic dynamics approach for the determination of the response EPS as well as the non-stationary inter-story drift ratio (IDR) amplitude PDFs, circumventing computationally intensive numerical integrations of the nonlinear equations of motion. It is notable that the proposed framework complies with the most contemporary performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) provisions proposed by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) center. Although the herein developed framework is tailored specifically for earthquake engineering related applications, it can be readily modified to account for other hazard kinds as well. Nonlinear building structures comprising the versatile Bouc-Wen (hysteretic) model serve as numerical applications for demonstrating the efficiency of the developed methodology.
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Mansour, Ali Abdul Hadi. "A framework for the design of a medical tutoring system for the instruction of undergraduates in general practice." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1990. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14648/.
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One of the difficulties in teaching clinical medicine is the lack of opportunity a student has to acquire techniques for solving clinical problems. By using a computer to simulate a General Practice environment where patients with sets of symptoms are presented, a student can gain experience of diagnostic techniques and treatment management for any medical condition. Such an approach should enhance a student's development of properly structured clinical algorithms for interrogating a patient and arriving at an appropriate management plan. The intelligent tutoring system developed at the Department of Computer Science with the collaboration of the Department of General Practice aims not only to simulate this environment but also to formulate the basis for a general interactive learning environment for all subject domains with similar problem-solving model. In this system, a student may question, examine and provide treatment plans for a patient whilst constantly being monitored by the system:. Using Artificial Intelligence techniques, the tutor is able to assess the progress of a student throughout the tutorial session and produce tutoring interventions at appropriate stages, according to the student's ability. The system's knowledge base consists of disease profiles and population parameters which are created and updated by a separate system - the Medical Editor. The manipulation of this database allows tailoring of the system to simulate any clinical situation in Primary Care. This research considers in detail the current teaching/tutoring strategies adopted by all medical computer-assisted learning systems. It identifies the main areas of difficulty for using such systems in the Primary Care undergraduate course and discusses the consultation model used in this system with full comparison of the models used in Secondary Care. The research also discusses the main design issues which forms the framework for building learning environments based on intelligent tutoring systems.
Books on the topic "General design framework"
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Martinez, Maria Vanina. A General Framework for Reasoning On Inconsistency. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013.
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Brad, Abrams, ed. Framework design guidelines: Conventions, idioms, and patterns for Reusable .NET libraries. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Addison-Wesley, 2006.
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Brad, Abrams, ed. Framework design guidelines: Conventions, idioms, and patterns for reusable .NET libraries. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Addison-Wesley, 2009.
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1952-, Firesmith Donald G., ed. The method framework for engineering system architectures. Boca Raton, FL: Auerbach Publications, 2008.
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Mockett, I. D. Risk levels in coastal and river engineering: A guidance framework for design. London: T. Telford, 2002.
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Mockett, I. D. Risk levels in coastal and river engineering: A guidance framework for design. London: T. Telford, 2002.
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Anthony, Northrup, ed. Microsoft .NET framework Web developer core requrements: Self-paced training kit. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corp., 2007.
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Inc, ebrary, ed. MODx web development: Building dynamic web sites with the PHP application framework and CMS. Birmingham, U.K: Packt Pub., 2009.
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Inc, ebrary, ed. ASP.NET MVC 1.0 quickly: Design, develop, and test powerful and robust web applications the agile way, with MVC framework. Birmingham, U.K: Packt Pub., 2009.
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Inc, ebrary, ed. Django 1.0 web site development: Build powerful web applications, quickly and cleanly, with the Django application framework. Birmingham, U.K: Packt Pub., 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "General design framework"
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Thalheim, Bernhard. "A General Framework for Database Design Strategies." In Workshops in Computing, 263–74. London: Springer London, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3577-7_19.
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Scherl, Holger. "Design and Implementation of a General Reconstruction Framework." In Evaluation of State-of-the-Art Hardware Architectures for Fast Cone-Beam CT Reconstruction, 37–51. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8348-8259-2_3.
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Uhde, Florian, and Sanaz Mostaghim. "Towards a General Framework for Artistic Style Transfer." In Computational Intelligence in Music, Sound, Art and Design, 177–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77583-8_12.
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Bourely, Christophe, and Nicolas Peltier. "DiscAtinf: A general framework for implementing calculi and strategies." In Design and Implementation of Symbolic Computation Systems, 34–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61697-7_3.
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Chen, Yong, Ze-Lin Liu, and You-Bai Xie. "A General Knowledge-Based Framework for Conceptual Design of Multi-disciplinary Systems." In Design Computing and Cognition ’10, 425–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0510-4_23.
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Linhai, Yao, Kang Fengju, and Han Hong. "Research of the Design of a Scene Simulation General Framework." In Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, 973–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27334-6_115.
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Kastrati, Zenun, Ali Shariq Imran, and Sule Yildirim Yayilgan. "A General Framework for Text Document Classification Using SEMCON and ACVSR." In Human Interface and the Management of Information. Information and Knowledge Design, 310–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20612-7_30.
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Mai, Bin, Thomas Parsons, Victor Prybutok, and Kamesh Namuduri. "Neuroscience Foundations for Human Decision Making in Information Security: A General Framework and Experiment Design." In Information Systems and Neuroscience, 91–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41402-7_12.
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Stracke, Christian M., Daniel Burgos, and Ahmed Tlili. "Instructional Quality and Learning Design of Massive Open Online Courses." In Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education, 1–22. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0351-9_95-1.
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AbstractThis chapter analyzes the instructional quality and learning design of different categories of online courses and their history, with a special focus on massive open online courses (MOOCs). Online courses have a long tradition that has gained public attention, broad interest, and huge numbers of participants thanks to the introduction of free MOOCs accessible online for all interested learners worldwide. In this chapter, we first define MOOCs, their characteristics, and history. Afterward, theoretical frameworks and practical instruments and tools based on scientific research are presented. From the beginning, the quality of MOOCs (and of online courses in general) has been debated. That led to discussions about the learning design and outcomes of MOOCs, which we introduce in the next section. Key research findings and practical validated instruments for designing and evaluating MOOCs (and online courses in general) are presented. Then following, the key benefits of MOOCs and the main arguments and scenarios for their usage are summarized. Based on our analysis of the research results, practices, and standards, a framework for categories and types of (massive open) online courses is proposed, called the typologies of online courses (TOC) framework. As part of the global community for open educational resources (OER) and in combination with the UNESCO recommendation on OER, MOOCs can play a significant role in achieving the SDG4 of the United Nations: inclusive and equitable quality education for all. This is true in particular during times of public lockdowns, such as during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Stracke, Christian M., Daniel Burgos, and Ahmed Tlili. "Instructional Quality and Learning Design of Massive Open Online Courses." In Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education, 1391–412. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2080-6_95.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis chapter analyzes the instructional quality and learning design of different categories of online courses and their history, with a special focus on massive open online courses (MOOCs). Online courses have a long tradition that has gained public attention, broad interest, and huge numbers of participants thanks to the introduction of free MOOCs accessible online for all interested learners worldwide. In this chapter, we first define MOOCs, their characteristics, and history. Afterward, theoretical frameworks and practical instruments and tools based on scientific research are presented. From the beginning, the quality of MOOCs (and of online courses in general) has been debated. That led to discussions about the learning design and outcomes of MOOCs, which we introduce in the next section. Key research findings and practical validated instruments for designing and evaluating MOOCs (and online courses in general) are presented. Then following, the key benefits of MOOCs and the main arguments and scenarios for their usage are summarized. Based on our analysis of the research results, practices, and standards, a framework for categories and types of (massive open) online courses is proposed, called the typologies of online courses (TOC) framework. As part of the global community for open educational resources (OER) and in combination with the UNESCO recommendation on OER, MOOCs can play a significant role in achieving the SDG4 of the United Nations: inclusive and equitable quality education for all. This is true in particular during times of public lockdowns, such as during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Conference papers on the topic "General design framework"
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Anemaat, William, Balaji Kaushik, Richard D. Hale, and Narayanan Ramabadran. "A Knowledge-Based Design Framework for Aircraft Conceptual and Preliminary Design." In General Aviation Technology Conference & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-2403.
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Wagner, Terrance C., and Panos Y. Papalambros. "A General Framework for Decomposition Analysis in Optimal Design." In ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0404.
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Abstract Numerous methods exist in the literature for decomposing mathematical programming (MP) problems. The question for the designer wishing to utilize any of these methods is, what (if any) structure exists in a particular problem, and what (if any) decomposition method(s) may be appropriate for the problem at hand. The paper develops a formal methodology, termed Decomposition Analysis, to answer this question. Decomposition of a mathematical programming problem requires identification of linking variables or functions which effect independent optimization problems. Examination of prevalent methods reveals various structures in an MP problem which determine appropriate decomposition methods for a particular problem. An undirected graph representation of the MP problem facilitates rigorous identification of the desired structures that allow decomposition. The representation is the foundation of the methodology to analyze any particular MP problem for its decomposability.
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Orshansky, M., and K. Keutzer. "A general probabilistic framework for worst case timing analysis." In Proceedings of 39th Design Automation Conference. IEEE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dac.2002.1012687.
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Liu, Cong, Boudewijn van Dongen, Nour Assy, and Wil M. P. van der Aalst. "A general framework to detect behavioral design patterns." In ICSE '18: 40th International Conference on Software Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3183440.3194947.
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Khandelwal, V., and A. Srivastava. "A general framework for accurate statistical timing analysis considering correlations." In 2005 42nd Design Automation Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dac.2005.193779.
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Lin, Chia-Chun, Hsin-Ping Yen, Sheng-Hsiu Wei, Pei-Pei Chen, Yung-Chih Chen, and Chun-Yao Wang. "A General Equivalence Checking Framework for Multivalued Logic." In ASPDAC '21: 26th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3394885.3431588.
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Blackshear, Sam, Alexandra Gendreau, and Bor-Yuh Evan Chang. "Droidel: a general approach to Android framework modeling." In PLDI '15: ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2771284.2771288.
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Roberts, Marcus L., Michael A. Temple, Mark E. Oxley, Robert F. Mills, and Richard A. Raines. "A general analytic framework for spectrally modulated, spectrally encoded signals." In 2006 International Waveform Diversity & Design Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wdd.2006.8321410.
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Liu, Frank. "A General Framework for Spatial Correlation Modeling in VLSI Design." In 2007 44th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dac.2007.375277.
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Banerjee, Soumya, and Wenjing Rao. "A General Design Framework for Sparse Parallel Prefix Adders." In 2017 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI (ISVLSI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isvlsi.2017.48.
Full textReports on the topic "General design framework"
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Führ, Martin, Julian Schenten, and Silke Kleihauer. Integrating "Green Chemistry" into the Regulatory Framework of European Chemicals Policy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627727.
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20 years ago a concept of “Green Chemistry” was formulated by Paul Anastas and John Warner, aiming at an ambitious agenda to “green” chemical products and processes. Today the concept, laid down in a set of 12 principles, has found support in various arenas. This diffusion was supported by enhancements of the legislative framework; not only in the European Union. Nevertheless industry actors – whilst generally supporting the idea – still see “cost and perception remain barriers to green chemistry uptake”. Thus, the questions arise how additional incentives as well as measures to address the barriers and impediments can be provided. An analysis addressing these questions has to take into account the institutional context for the relevant actors involved in the issue. And it has to reflect the problem perception of the different stakeholders. The supply chain into which the chemicals are distributed are of pivotal importance since they create the demand pull for chemicals designed in accordance with the “Green Chemistry Principles”. Consequently, the scope of this study includes all stages in a chemical’s life-cycle, including the process of designing and producing the final products to which chemical substances contribute. For each stage the most relevant legislative acts, together establishing the regulatory framework of the “chemicals policy” in the EU are analysed. In a nutshell the main elements of the study can be summarized as follows: Green Chemistry (GC) is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Besides, reaction efficiency, including energy efficiency, and the use of renewable resources are other motives of Green Chemistry. Putting the GC concept in a broader market context, however, it can only prevail if in the perception of the relevant actors it is linked to tangible business cases. Therefore, the study analyses the product context in which chemistry is to be applied, as well as the substance’s entire life-cycle – in other words, the six stages in product innovation processes): 1. Substance design, 2. Production process, 3. Interaction in the supply chain, 4. Product design, 5. Use phase and 6. After use phase of the product (towards a “circular economy”). The report presents an overview to what extent the existing framework, i.e. legislation and the wider institutional context along the six stages, is setting incentives for actors to adequately address problematic substances and their potential impacts, including the learning processes intended to invoke creativity of various actors to solve challenges posed by these substances. In this respect, measured against the GC and Learning Process assessment criteria, the study identified shortcomings (“delta”) at each stage of product innovation. Some criteria are covered by the regulatory framework and to a relevant extent implemented by the actors. With respect to those criteria, there is thus no priority need for further action. Other criteria are only to a certain degree covered by the regulatory framework, due to various and often interlinked reasons. For those criteria, entry points for options to strengthen or further nuance coverage of the respective principle already exist. Most relevant are the deltas with regard to those instruments that influence the design phase; both for the chemical substance as such and for the end-product containing the substance. Due to the multi-tier supply chains, provisions fostering information, communication and cooperation of the various actors are crucial to underpin the learning processes towards the GCP. The policy options aim to tackle these shortcomings in the context of the respective stage in order to support those actors who are willing to change their attitude and their business decisions towards GC. The findings are in general coherence with the strategies to foster GC identified by the Green Chemistry & Commerce Council.
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Benkraouda, Ouafa, Lindsay Braun, and Arnab Chakraborty. Policies and Design Guidelines to Plan for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-012.
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This report chronicles the work undertaken by researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana Champaign to identify policies and design guidelines to plan for connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) in mid-sized regions in Illinois. The report starts with the goals of this work followed by a review of existing literature. The review addresses CAV technologies and scenario planning, including academic research articles, policies and guidance documents from federal and state agencies, and recent long-range transportation plans. The review findings are organized into three categories—drivers, levers, and impacts—to facilitate scenario-based planning and included key factors and trends in technology development and adoption (drivers), mechanisms that planners and policymakers may employ to intervene in or prepare for CAV futures (levers), and community-level outcomes of different plausible CAV futures (impacts). Primary research was undertaken first by interviewing practitioners in six mid-sized regions of Illinois to collect inputs about their needs and obstacles to planning for CAVs, as well as to understand their sense of their community’s preparedness for CAVs. The research team then conducted a detailed survey of over 700 residents from the Greater Peoria region to understand their would-be travel behavior and residential location decisions in a CAV future and general attitude toward self-driving cars. These inputs helped identify the key drivers, levers, and impacts to be employed in creating scenarios, a list of selected policies and design, and a framework to select appropriate responses based on the needs and desires of a community. The detailed scenarios are as follows: (1) continuation of the status quo, (2) private multimodal future, and (3) shared multimodal future. The policies and design guidelines are identified for each scenario and are categorized into six sets of action items: general, data and digitization, mobility and traffic, street design, infrastructure, and planning. Specific details of each action item are organized in a format that allows the user to consider each item carefully and to assess its feasibility in a specific region or city. The appendices include background documents related to primary research and, importantly, a handbook for practitioners.
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Martins, Francisco, Cíntia França, Francisco Santos, Diogo Martinho, Carolina Saldanha, and Élvio Rúbio Gouveia. Emerging technologies to promote fans interaction in football events: a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.2.0015.
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Review question / Objective: The search terms used for this review were constructed using the PICOS framework: (1) population were people in general of both genders and any age, (2) studies based on digital technologies used in football sportive events, (3) comparisons made in the domains of motivation, interaction, satisfaction and interest, (4) data reporting the use of digital tools (studies with no results reported will be considered, besides not having outcomes), (5) Intervention studies with a pre and post-test design, descriptive studies, theorical studies, and protocol proposals, and (6) articles written in English, Spanish or Portuguese. Condition being studied: Our concern is with the acceptance of the fans returning to the stadium with normality after a pandemic period. In addition, we also want to understand what kind of interactive applications are already on the market or with their well defined protocols that intend to increase fan interaction at live games, increasing their motivation to go to the stadium and to have accurate and updated live information.
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Rigotti, Christophe, and Mohand-Saïd Hacid. Representing and Reasoning on Conceptual Queries Over Image Databases. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.89.
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The problem of content management of multimedia data types (e.g., image, video, graphics) is becoming increasingly important with the development of advanced multimedia applications. Traditional database management systems are inadequate for the handling of such data types. They require new techniques for query formulation, retrieval, evaluation, and navigation. In this paper we develop a knowledge-based framework for modeling and retrieving image data by content. To represent the various aspects of an image object's characteristics, we propose a model which consists of three layers: (1) Feature and Content Layer, intended to contain image visual features such as contours, shapes,etc.; (2) Object Layer, which provides the (conceptual) content dimension of images; and (3) Schema Layer, which contains the structured abstractions of images, i.e., a general schema about the classes of objects represented in the object layer. We propose two abstract languages on the basis of description logics: one for describing knowledge of the object and schema layers, and the other, more expressive, for making queries. Queries can refer to the form dimension (i.e., information of the Feature and Content Layer) or to the content dimension (i.e., information of the Object Layer). These languages employ a variable free notation, and they are well suited for the design, verification and complexity analysis of algorithms. As the amount of information contained in the previous layers may be huge and operations performed at the Feature and Content Layer are time-consuming, resorting to the use of materialized views to process and optimize queries may be extremely useful. For that, we propose a formal framework for testing containment of a query in a view expressed in our query language. The algorithm we propose is sound and complete and relatively efficient.
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Rigotti, Christophe, and Mohand-Saïd Hacid. Representing and Reasoning on Conceptual Queries Over Image Databases. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.89.
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The problem of content management of multimedia data types (e.g., image, video, graphics) is becoming increasingly important with the development of advanced multimedia applications. Traditional database management systems are inadequate for the handling of such data types. They require new techniques for query formulation, retrieval, evaluation, and navigation. In this paper we develop a knowledge-based framework for modeling and retrieving image data by content. To represent the various aspects of an image object's characteristics, we propose a model which consists of three layers: (1) Feature and Content Layer, intended to contain image visual features such as contours, shapes,etc.; (2) Object Layer, which provides the (conceptual) content dimension of images; and (3) Schema Layer, which contains the structured abstractions of images, i.e., a general schema about the classes of objects represented in the object layer. We propose two abstract languages on the basis of description logics: one for describing knowledge of the object and schema layers, and the other, more expressive, for making queries. Queries can refer to the form dimension (i.e., information of the Feature and Content Layer) or to the content dimension (i.e., information of the Object Layer). These languages employ a variable free notation, and they are well suited for the design, verification and complexity analysis of algorithms. As the amount of information contained in the previous layers may be huge and operations performed at the Feature and Content Layer are time-consuming, resorting to the use of materialized views to process and optimize queries may be extremely useful. For that, we propose a formal framework for testing containment of a query in a view expressed in our query language. The algorithm we propose is sound and complete and relatively efficient.
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UK, Ipsos. Survey of public attitudes towards precision breeding. Food Standards Agency, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ouv127.
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The Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Bill is currently going through Parliament. Although this bill is ‘England only’ and food and feed safety and hygiene is a devolved issue, the Food Standards Agency (FSA) will introduce a separate regulatory framework for precision bred organisms (PBOs), should the Bill become law. The FSA will also work with stakeholders in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland to ensure consumers’ interests are protected in relation to PBOs. The FSA / Food Standard Scotland (FSS) is science and evidence led. In August 2022, the FSA and FSS commissioned Ipsos UK to conduct a two-phase social research project on precision breeding. Phase One, now complete, involved a survey of 4,177 UK residents with robust samples in each UK nation to allow comparisons between and within nations. Phase Two, scheduled to start in September 2022 and report in early 2023, will comprise a series of Citizens’ Forums in England, Wales and Northern Ireland(footnote 1). The overall aims of this project are to: explore consumer attitudes towards precision breeding gather consumer views on the FSA’s proposed regulatory framework understand consumer information needs inform how to communicate with consumers about precision breeding. This document presents interim findings for this project, reporting descriptive data from Phase One. Phase One’s core aims were to provide a snapshot of consumers’ awareness and self-assessed knowledge of precision breeding, its perceived acceptability, risks and benefits, and consumer appetite for information about this production method. These data show that awareness of precision breeding is very low, something which should be borne in mind when considering these findings. While these data reveal that there is a general openness to trying precision bred foods across the UK, with more people anticipating benefits than disbenefits from the use of precision breeding, there is a large degree of uncertainty about what impact precision bred foods may have on the different parts of the food system. This is reflected in the relatively large proportions of people taking a neutral stance or indicating they do not know enough to answer survey questions and in the strong appetite expressed for information about precision breeding to be provided. The next phase of this project will be essential for the FSA’s ability to interpret these findings’ implications, and to understand what is informing consumers’ views. The purpose of Phase One has always been to let the FSA know ‘what’ consumers think about precision breeding; Phase Two’s purpose is to build our understanding ‘why’ they think it. This will allow the FSA to develop a more nuanced understanding of consumers’ needs and incorporate this into the design of the future regulatory framework and any engagement with consumers on precision breeding. FSS will be carrying out further research in Scotland.
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Villamizar-Villegas, Mauricio, and Yasin Kursat Onder. Uncovering Time-Specific Heterogeneity in Regression Discontinuity Designs. Banco de la República de Colombia, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1141.
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The literature that employs Regression Discontinuity Designs (RDD) typically stacks data across time periods and cutoff values. While practical, this procedure omits useful time heterogeneity. In this paper we decompose the RDD treatment effect into its weighted time-value parts. This analysis adds richness to the RDD estimand, where each time-specific component can be different and informative in a manner that is not expressed by the single cutoff or pooled regressions. To illustrate our methodology, we present two empirical examples: one using repeated cross-sectional data and another using time-series. Overall, we show a significant heterogeneity in both cutoff and time-specific effects. From a policy standpoint, this heterogeneity can pick up key differences in treatment across economically relevant episodes. Finally, we propose a new estimator that uses all observations from the original design and which captures the incremental effect of policy given a state variable. We show that this estimator is generally more precise compared to those that exclude observations exposed to other cutoffs or time periods. Our proposed framework is simple and easily replicable and can be applied to any RDD application that carries an explicitly traceable time dimension.
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Kaitlin, Ball. New Technologies for Combatting Sexual Violence in Conflict and Non-conflict Settings. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.136.
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There are a significant number of new technologies aimed at combatting sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV)—primarily in the form of “emergency mobile apps”, but they are generally geographically and culturally limited, and under-studied. There are fewer applications of new technologies addressing conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV), as regards prevention, monitoring, and early warning systems. Well established issues related to the under-reporting of SGBV also impact the accuracy of digital monitoring tools used in both conflict and non-conflict contexts. The use of digital tools to combat SGBV also raises novel challenges related to new technologies, such as bias and data protection concerns. This report reviews evidence of the deployment of new technologies to address sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) both in and outside of conflict settings, and the potential for applications from non-conflict settings to apply to CRSV. Although certain literature is beginning to address the specific limitations of new technologies (e.g. usability in urban environments, cultural and linguistic appropriateness, and other accessibility questions), the limited nature of the literature assessing these new technologies and—more importantly—the design of these new technologies, means that the needs of disabled individuals, LGBTQIA+, and even men and boys, are often not centred or addressed in the design and critique of these new technologies. The review found that the studies assessing new technologies designed for and deployed in non-conflict settings identify many of the same issues affecting societal understanding of SGBV generally (under-reporting, for example), as well as new issues specific to the digital turn, such as serious and evolving privacy and data protection concerns. As regards the application of new technologies to CRSV specifically, both the applications and literature assessing them are nascent. Nevertheless, scholars are seeking to define frameworks aimed at harm reduction for the proliferation of new technologies in the humanitarian field specific to CRSV.
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Walz, Yvonne, Florence Nick, Oscar Higuera Roa, Udo Nehren, and Zita Sebesvari. Coherence and Alignment among Sustainable Land Management, Ecosystem-based Adaptation, Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction and Nature-based Solutions. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/mwgp9896.
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Approaches integrating environmental management practices have been gaining importance in recent years. Sustainable Land Management (SLM), Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA), Ecosystem-based disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR) and Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are widely applied approaches that tackle certain drivers of challenges such as food insecurity, water scarcity, decline in biodiversity and threats to livelihoods, while also considering both human well-being and ecosystem functions and services. Better understanding the similarities, differences and relationships between these approaches helps to improve efficiency in implementation and leverage synergies. By shedding more light on where these approaches align, investments in land-based solutions in response to different types of environmental challenges can be more effectively designed to achieve multiple targets. In response to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) decision 19/COP.14 paragraph 4, the main objective of this report is to understand and elaborate upon the characteristics of SLM, EbA, Eco-DRR and NbS. The report begins with an overview of the historical backgrounds and origins of SLM, EbA, Eco-DRR and NbS. Despite differences in their specific goals and targeted benefits, all approaches aim for the support of biodiversity, land-based ecosystems and ecosystem services and functions, and employ measures to conserve, restore and sustainably use land to support ecosystem services and functions, including SLM technologies. Furthermore, irrespective of their different goals, the projects developed under any approach can generate comparable co-benefits, especially due to their support of biodiversity. The capacity for all these approaches to deliver multiple co-benefits means that projects of each approach can directly contribute to implementing the specific goals of the other approaches as well. Thus, multiple global and national targets, frameworks, strategies and conventions which call for the implementation of one or more of these approaches, can benefit from this report by avoiding duplication and reducing the overall investments necessary to achieve the set targets and goals. This is critical for achieving the ambitious Agenda 2030, including voluntary land degradation neutrality (LDN) targets and climate action under the Paris Agreement. It will also be the case for the post-2020 global biodiversity framework currently under development. The added value that will come from optimizing the links among these approaches extends from national policymakers to the practitioners of SLM, EbA and Eco-DRR projects, which all share the ultimate goal of sustainable development. To capture the coherence and alignment among these approaches, their similarities and differences have been summarized in a conceptual framework. The framework has been designed to help practitioners understand the specific goals of each approach, and to link these to the relevant global and national targets, frameworks, strategies and conventions, which can support monitoring and evaluation as well as reporting processes. The synergies among these approaches are further illustrated based on three case studies in order to demonstrate opportunities for leveraging multiple co-benefits and targets at implementation level irrespective of the different objectives under each. The results of this assessment demonstrate that activities under one approach can be beneficial to achieve the specific goals of other approaches with little additional effort. It is essential for policymakers, project developers and practitioners to recognize that. This is key to the achievement of sustainable development.
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Hicks, Jacqueline. Examples of 'Systems Thinking' Projects in International Development. Institute of Development Studies, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.067.
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A “systems thinking” (ST) approach generally recognises that international development processes are complex, inter-related, non-linear, and constantly changing. They involve many different types of actors, all with different levels of power. ST change methods try to mirror these qualities, and move away from more conventional project design and implementation that use simple linear input-output-impact project logic. Thus, this rapid literature review seeks to find out what are some examples of ‘systems thinking’ projects in international development. The aim of this rapid review is to provide concrete examples of how ST shows up in the project design and management processes that are typically used by people working in the international development sector. These include project management arrangements, evaluation indicators, results frameworks, budget allocations and procurement, country diagnostics, and the foundational analysis that informs project design. The examples found were mostly extracted from donor project documents. Different definitions of ST may emphasise different elements. An attempt was made to find a range of projects from different sectors, and to go beyond projects that exemplified “Market Systems Development” and “Adaptive Management,” for which there are already repositories of project examples (see Further Resources).The inclusion of the projects in this review does not imply that they were successful, only that they contain some evidence of ST in them. Most of the projects identified have a further library of documents, including evaluations, that give more detailed information about their successes and failures.