Relevant bibliographies by topics / General circulation models atmosphere

Academic literature on the topic 'General circulation models atmosphere'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "General circulation models atmosphere"

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Pozzer, A., P. Jöckel, B. Kern, and H. Haak. "The Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model EMAC-MPIOM." Geoscientific Model Development 4, no. 3 (September 9, 2011): 771–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-771-2011.

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Abstract. The ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model is coupled to the ocean general circulation model MPIOM using the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) interface. MPIOM is operated as a MESSy submodel, thus the need of an external coupler is avoided. The coupling method is tested for different model configurations, proving to be very flexible in terms of parallel decomposition and very well load balanced. The run-time performance analysis and the simulation results are compared to those of the COSMOS (Community earth System MOdelS) climate model, using the same configurations for the atmosphere and the ocean in both model systems. It is shown that our coupling method shows a comparable run-time performance to the coupling based on the OASIS (Ocean Atmosphere Sea Ice Soil, version 3) coupler. The standard (CMIP3) climate model simulations performed with EMAC-MPIOM show that the results are comparable to those of other Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation models.
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Pozzer, A., P. Jöckel, B. Kern, and H. Haak. "The atmosphere-ocean general circulation model EMAC-MPIOM." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 4, no. 1 (March 4, 2011): 457–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-4-457-2011.

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Abstract. The ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model is coupled to the ocean general circulation model MPIOM using the Modular Earth Submodel Sytem (MESSy) interface. MPIOM is operated as a MESSy submodel, thus the need of an external coupler is avoided. The coupling method is tested for different model configurations, proving to be very flexible in terms of parallel decomposition and very well load balanced. The run time performance analysis and the simulation results are compared to those of the COSMOS (Community earth System MOdelS) climate model, using the same configurations for the atmosphere and the ocean in both model systems. It is shown that our coupling method is, for the tested conditions, approximately 10% more efficient compared to the coupling based on the OASIS (Ocean Atmosphere Sea Ice Soil, version 3) coupler. The standard (CMIP3) climate model simulations performed with EMAC-MPIOM show that the results are comparable to those of other Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation models.
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Bye, John A. T., and Jörg-Olaf Wolff. "Atmosphere–Ocean Momentum Exchange in General Circulation Models." Journal of Physical Oceanography 29, no. 4 (April 1999): 671–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<0671:aomeig>2.0.co;2.

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Medvedev, Alexander S., and Erdal Yiğit. "Gravity Waves in Planetary Atmospheres: Their Effects and Parameterization in Global Circulation Models." Atmosphere 10, no. 9 (September 9, 2019): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090531.

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The dynamical and thermodynamical importance of gravity waves was initially recognized in the atmosphere of Earth. Extensive studies over recent decades demonstrated that gravity waves exist in atmospheres of other planets, similarly play a significant role in the vertical coupling of atmospheric layers and, thus, must be included in numerical general circulation models. Since the spatial scales of gravity waves are smaller than the typical spatial resolution of most models, atmospheric forcing produced by them must be parameterized. This paper presents a review of gravity waves in planetary atmospheres, outlines their main characteristics and forcing mechanisms, and summarizes approaches to capturing gravity wave effects in numerical models. The main goal of this review is to bridge research communities studying atmospheres of Earth and other planets.
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Yang, S.-C., E. Kalnay, M. Cai, M. Rienecker, G. Yuan, and Z. Toth. "ENSO Bred Vectors in Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere General Circulation Models." Journal of Climate 19, no. 8 (April 15, 2006): 1422–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3696.1.

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Abstract The breeding method has been implemented in the NASA Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction Project (NSIPP) coupled general circulation model (CGCM) with the ultimate goal of improving operational seasonal to interannual climate predictions through ensemble forecasting and data assimilation. This is the first attempt to isolate the evolving ENSO instability and its corresponding global atmospheric response in a fully coupled ocean–atmosphere GCM. The results herein show that the growth rate of the coupled bred vectors (BVs) is sensitive to the ENSO phases of the evolving background flow and peaks about 3 months before an ENSO event. The structure of the dominant growing BV modes also evolves with the background ENSO and exhibits a larger amplitude in the eastern tropical Pacific, reflecting the natural dynamical sensitivity associated with the shallow thermocline at the eastern boundary. The key features of coupled bred vectors of the NSIPP CGCM are reproduced when using the NCEP CGCM, an independently developed coupled general circulation model.
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Meehl, Gerald A. "Development of global coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models." Climate Dynamics 5, no. 1 (November 1990): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00195851.

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Furrer, Reinhard, Stephan R. Sain, Douglas Nychka, and Gerald A. Meehl. "Multivariate Bayesian analysis of atmosphere–ocean general circulation models." Environmental and Ecological Statistics 14, no. 3 (July 3, 2007): 249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10651-007-0018-z.

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Borchert, Sebastian, Guidi Zhou, Michael Baldauf, Hauke Schmidt, Günther Zängl, and Daniel Reinert. "The upper-atmosphere extension of the ICON general circulation model (version: ua-icon-1.0)." Geoscientific Model Development 12, no. 8 (August 14, 2019): 3541–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3541-2019.

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Abstract. How the upper-atmosphere branch of the circulation contributes to and interacts with the circulation of the middle and lower atmosphere is a research area with many open questions. Inertia–gravity waves, for instance, have moved in the focus of research as they are suspected to be key features in driving and shaping the circulation. Numerical atmospheric models are an important pillar for this research. We use the ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic (ICON) general circulation model, which is a joint development of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M) and the German Weather Service (DWD), and provides, e.g., local mass conservation, a flexible grid nesting option, and a non-hydrostatic dynamical core formulated on an icosahedral–triangular grid. We extended ICON to the upper atmosphere and present here the two main components of this new configuration named UA-ICON: an extension of the dynamical core from shallow- to deep-atmosphere dynamics and the implementation of an upper-atmosphere physics package. A series of idealized test cases and climatological simulations is performed in order to evaluate the upper-atmosphere extension of ICON.
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Joussaume, Sylvie. "Simulation of Airborne Impurity Cycles Using Atmospheric General Circulation Models." Annals of Glaciology 7 (1985): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500006042.

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Atmospheric general circulation models are believed to be appropriate tools for studying airborne impurity cycles in order to supplement observations and to improve our knowledge of gaseous and particulate pollutant cycles in the atmosphere. The main aspects of the modelling of tracer cycles are reviewed and illustrated by two particular examples: desert dust particles in the 1 μm range and water isotope species HDO and H218O. Some results from a first simulation including desert dust and water isotope cycles using the model developed at the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD) are presented and compared to observations, with particular emphasis on ice-sheet data. The relatively good agreement with observations obtained so far is encouraging and should stimulate further applications to other types of tracers.
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Joussaume, Sylvie. "Simulation of Airborne Impurity Cycles Using Atmospheric General Circulation Models." Annals of Glaciology 7 (1985): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500006042.

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Atmospheric general circulation models are believed to be appropriate tools for studying airborne impurity cycles in order to supplement observations and to improve our knowledge of gaseous and particulate pollutant cycles in the atmosphere. The main aspects of the modelling of tracer cycles are reviewed and illustrated by two particular examples: desert dust particles in the 1 μm range and water isotope species HDO and H2 18O. Some results from a first simulation including desert dust and water isotope cycles using the model developed at the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD) are presented and compared to observations, with particular emphasis on ice-sheet data. The relatively good agreement with observations obtained so far is encouraging and should stimulate further applications to other types of tracers.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "General circulation models atmosphere"

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Vimont, Daniel J. "The seasonal footprinting mechanism in the CSIRO coupled general circulation models and in observations /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10074.

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Dubois, Clotilde. "The role of diapycnal mixing in coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/63133/.

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The value of ocean diapycnal diffusivity (v) sets the rate at which dense bottom water can be mixed up through the stratified water column and thus plays an important role in the meridional overturning circulation (MOC). Previous idealised experiments and simplified theory suggest that the strength of the MOC and the ocean heat transport scale with the v. This study investigates the dependence of the MOC and other parameters on v using atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCM). Firstly, the dependence of the MOC strength on v is studied using a low resolution AOGCM with realistic geometry, FORTE, with spatially constant v values ranging from 0.1 cm2/s to an unrealistic high value of 5 cm2/s. At the cyclostationary state, global MOC strength is found to scale with v (in agreement with previous studies) according to a power law of 0.5. No power law is found for the MOC in the individual basins. The increase in MOC strength in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans is associated with an increase in the ocean heat transport. The atmosphere responds to the change in the ocean state by a decrease of its energy transport and surface winds. Only a partial compensation is found between the ocean and atmosphere energy transport. The strength of v is found to have a strong impact on coupled phenomena, such as a cessation of El Niño at high v. Secondly, similar experiments are conducted with a state-of-the-art AOGCM, ECHAM5/ MPIOM. In this model, v is derived from a constant background diapycnal diffusion (b), wind induced mixing, the Richardson number and the convective adjustment. A set of 3 coupled experiments is conducted, with b = 0.1, 0.25 and 1 cm2/s. The scaling law from simple theory and the previous experiments with FORTE is not observed with this coupled model. At the cyclostationary state, the MOC strength weakens by 16% as b increases from 0.1 to 1 cm2/s. This behavior is not found when the experiments are repeated with an ocean-only model. The reduction in MOC in the coupled model is linked to a strong reduction in the convective mixing at high latitudes. The convective mixing is reduced by a continuous strong freshening in the Arctic region due to an increase in surface air temperature and melting of the sea-ice in the coupled experiments, which is not observed in the ocean-only experiments. The responses of the two coupled models show many similarities as b increases. Both models show convection in the Pacific for high values of b. The main difference is the response of the MOC in the Atlantic is linked to the different locations of the deep convection and their relative changes in the models. I conclude that the diapycnal mixing and the ocean-atmosphere interactions both control the strength of the MOC, and their influences cannot be considered separately.
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Gehlot, Swati, and Johannes Quaas. "Convection–climate feedbacks in the ECHAM5 general circulation model." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-177611.

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A process-oriented climate model evaluation is presented, applying the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) simulator to pinpoint deficiencies related to the cloud processes in the ECHAM5general circulation model.ALagrangian trajectory analysis is performed to track the transitions of anvil cirrus originating from deep convective detrainment to cirrostratus and thin cirrus, comparing ISCCP observations and the ECHAM5 model. Trajectories of cloudy air parcels originating from deep convection are computed for both, the ISCCP observations and the model, over which the ISCCP joint histograms are used for analyzing the cirrus life cycle over 5 days. The cirrostratus and cirrus clouds originate from detrainment from deep convection decay and gradually thin out after the convective event over 3–4 days. The effect of the convection–cirrus transitions in a warmer climate is analyzed in order to understand the climate feedbacks due to deep convective cloud transitions. An idealized climate change simulation is performed using a+2-K sea surface temperature (SST) perturbation. The Lagrangian trajectory analysis over perturbed climate suggests that more and thicker cirrostratus and cirrus clouds occur in the warmer climate compared to the present-day climate. Stronger convection is noticed in the perturbed climate, which leads to an increased precipitation, especially on day -2 and -3 after the individual convective events. The shortwave and the longwave cloud forcings both increase in the warmer climate, with an increase of net cloud radiative forcing (NCRF), leading to an overall positive feedback of the increased cirrostratus and cirrus clouds from a Lagrangian transition perspective.
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Grancini, Carlo. "Initial validation of an agile coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/25439/.

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Mathematical models based on physics, chemistry and biology principles are one of the main tools to understand climate interactions, variability and sensitivity to forcings. Model performance must be validated checking that results are consistent with actual/observed climate. This work describes the initial validation of a new intermediate complexity, coupled climate model based on a set of existing atmosphere, ocean and sea-ice models. The model, developed and made available by the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), is based on the widely used SPEEDY atmospheric model. Limited literature is available for its version, coupled to the NEMO ocean model referred to as SPEEDY-NEMO. The focus of this study is on the adaptation and validation of this model. A long-term spin-up run with constant present-day forcing has been performed to achieve a steady-state climate. The simulated climate has then been compared with observations and reanalyses of the recent past. The initial validation has shown that simulations spanning a thousand years can be easily run. The model does not require many h/w resources and therefore significant size samples can be generated if needed. Our results prove that long timescale, stable simulations are feasible. The model reproduces the main features of Earth’s mean climate and variability, despite the use of a fairly limited resolution grid, simple parameterizations and a limited range of physical processes. Ocean model outputs have not been assessed. However, a clear El Niño signal in the simulated Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) data and arctic sea ice extent show that the ocean model behaviour is close to observations. According to the results, the model is a promising tool for climate studies. However, to understand its full potential the validation should be improved and extended with an analysis of ocean variables and targeted simulations with modified conditions to evaluate model behaviour under different conditions
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Schirber, Sebastian, Daniel Klocke, Robert Pincus, Johannes Quaas, and Jeffrey L. Anderson. "Parameter estimation using data assimilation in an atmospheric general circulation model." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-177507.

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This study explores the viability of parameter estimation in the comprehensive general circulation model ECHAM6 using ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation techniques. Four closure parameters of the cumulus-convection scheme are estimated using increasingly less idealized scenarios ranging from perfect-model experiments to the assimilation of conventional observations. Updated parameter values from experiments with real observations are used to assess the error of the model state on short 6 h forecasts and on climatological timescales. All parameters converge to their default values in single parameter perfect-model experiments. Estimating parameters simultaneously has a neutral effect on the success of the parameter estimation, but applying an imperfect model deteriorates the assimilation performance. With real observations, single parameter estimation generates the default parameter value in one case, converges to different parameter values in two cases, and diverges in the fourth case. The implementation of the two converging parameters influences the model state: Although the estimated parameter values lead to an overall error reduction on short timescales, the error of the model state increases on climatological timescales.
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Jakob, Christian. "The representation of cloud cover in atmospheric general circulation models." Diss., lmu, 2001. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-3281.

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Ma, Liang 1962. "On the parameterization of slantwise convection in general circulation models." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37769.

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This study is concerned with the effect of slantwise convection in general circulation models (GCMs). The approach is through the development of a slantwise convective parameterization scheme (SCPS) and its implementation into version 11 of the third generation GCM of the Canadian Climate Centre for modelling and analysis (CCCma gcm11).
We first study the characteristics of conditional symmetric instability (CSI) in an environment which is also unstable for conditional upright instability (CUI). The results indicate features common to both upright and slantwise convection. This so called slantwise buoyant instability (SBI) possesses two relevant time scales and its horizontal scale can ranges from tens of km up to over one thousand km.
We then analyze the 15-year ECMWF re-analysis (ERA) data to compute the global distributions of convective available potential energy (CAPE) and slantwise convective available energy (SCAPE). We show that the potential for CSI and CUI indeed co-exists over most areas around the globe. Based on the results of the theoretical study and the data analysis, a parameterization for slantwise convection was developed and implemented into gcm11. It was found that the scheme impacts significantly the simulated general circulation by the development of a direct meridional secondary circulation. The results of the 5-year simulations show that the scheme reduces SCAPE and SCAPE residual rs over the mid-latitudes, leading to a weakening of the thermal wind and the strength of the upper-level jets. The largest improvement in the simulated climate however lies in the reduced meridional transient eddy transports of heat and zonal momentum. With the inclusion of the scheme, the eddy transports agree much more favorably with the observational analysis.
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Chechelnitsky, Michael Y. (Michael Yurievich) 1972. "Adaptive error estimation in linearized ocean general circulation models." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58516.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Physical Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 206-211).
Data assimilation methods, such as the Kalman filter, are routinely used in oceanography. The statistics of the model and measurement errors need to be specified a priori. In this study we address the problem of estimating model and measurement error statistics from observations. We start by testing the Myers and Tapley (1976, MT) method of adaptive error estimation with low-dimensional models. We then apply the MT method in the North Pacific (5°-60° N, 132°-252° E) to TOPEX/POSEIDON sea level anomaly data, acoustic tomography data from the ATOC project, and the MIT General Circulation Model (GCM). A reduced state linear model that describes large scale internal (baroclinic) error dynamics is used. The MT method, closely related to the maximum likelihood methods of Belanger (1974) and Dee (1995), is shown to be sensitive to the initial guess for the error statistics and the type of observations. It does not provide information about the uncertainty of the estimates nor does it provide information about which structures of the error statistics can be estimated and which cannot. A new off-line approach is developed, the covariance matching approach (CMA), where covariance matrices of model-data residuals are "matched" to their theoretical expectations using familiar least squares methods. This method uses observations directly instead of the innovations sequence and is shown to be related to the MT method and the method of Fu et al. (1993). The CMA is both a powerful diagnostic tool for addressing theoretical questions and an efficient estimator for real data assimilation studies. It can be extended to estimate other statistics of the errors, trends, annual cycles, etc. Twin experiments using the same linearized MIT GCM suggest that altimetric data are ill-suited to the estimation of internal GCM errors, but that such estimates can in theory be obtained using acoustic data. After removal of trends and annual cycles, the low frequency /wavenumber (periods> 2 months, wavelengths> 16°) TOPEX/POSEIDON sea level anomaly is of the order 6 cm2. The GCM explains about 40% of that variance. By covariance matching, it is estimated that 60% of the GCM-TOPEX/POSEIDON residual variance is consistent with the reduced state linear model. The CMA is then applied to TOPEX/POSEIDON sea level anomaly data and a linearization of a global GFDL GCM. The linearization, done in Fukumori et al.(1999), uses two vertical mode, the barotropic and the first baroclinic modes. We show that the CMA method can be used with a global model and a global data set, and that the estimates of the error statistics are robust. We show that the fraction of the GCMTOPEX/ POSEIDON residual variance explained by the model error is larger than that derived in Fukumori et al.(1999) with the method of Fu et al.(1993). Most of the model error is explained by the barotropic mode. However, we find that impact of the change in the error statistics on the data assimilation estimates is very small. This is explained by the large representation error, i.e. the dominance of the mesoscale eddies in the TIP signal, which are not part of the 20 by 10 GCM. Therefore, the impact of the observations on the assimilation is very small even after the adjustment of the error statistics. This work demonstrates that simultaneous estimation of the model and measurement error statistics for data assimilation with global ocean data sets and linearized GCMs is possible. However, the error covariance estimation problem is in general highly underdetermined, much more so than the state estimation problem. In other words there exist a very large number of statistical models that can be made consistent with the available data. Therefore, methods for obtaining quantitative error estimates, powerful though they may be, cannot replace physical insight. Used in the right context, as a tool for guiding the choice of a small number of model error parameters, covariance matching can be a useful addition to the repertory of tools available to oceanographers.
by Michael Y. Chechelnitsky.
Ph.D.
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Agarwal, Reema [Verfasser], and Detlef [Akademischer Betreuer] Stammer. "Improving an Atmosphere General Circulation model through Parameter Optimization / Reema Agarwal ; Betreuer: Detlef Stammer." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1124591206/34.

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Shongwe, Mxolisi Excellent. "Performance of recalibration systems of general circulation model forecasts over southern Africa." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07032007-102650.

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Books on the topic "General circulation models atmosphere"

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1948-, Randall David A., ed. General circulation model development. San Diego: Academic Press, 2000.

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Satoh, Masaki. Atmospheric Circulation Dynamics and General Circulation Models. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13574-3.

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Tschuck, Peter. Atmospheric blocking in a general circulation model. Zürich: Geographisches Institut ETH, 1998.

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Justus, C. G. Mars Global Reference Atmospheric Model 2001 Version (Mars-GRAM 2001): Users guide. Marshall Space Flight Center, Ala: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 2001.

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Donner, Leo Joseph, Richard Somerville, and Wayne H. Schubert. The development of atmospheric general circulation models: Complexity, synthesis, and computation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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C, Bridger Alison F., Haberle Robert M, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Mars Global Surveyor: Aerobraking and observations support using a Mars global circulation model : a NASA Ames Research Center Joint Research Interchange, final report : university consortium agreement NCC2-5148; project duration, 25 July 1995-24 October 1997. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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C, Bridger Alison F., Haberle Robert M, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Mars Global Surveyor: Aerobraking and observations support using a Mars global circulation model : a NASA Ames Research Center Joint Research Interchange, final report : university consortium agreement NCC2-5148; project duration, 25 July 1995-24 October 1997. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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1928-, Gates W. Lawrence, World Climate Programme, World Meteorological Organization, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, and International Council of Scientific Unions., eds. An Intercomparison of selected features of the control climates simulated by coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models. [Geneva, Switzerland: World Meteorological Organization, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, International Council of Scientific Unions, 1993.

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Mandke, S. K. Intercomparison of Asian summer monsoon 1997 simulated by atmospheric general circulation models. Pune: [Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology], 2001.

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CAS/JSC Working Group on Numerical Experimentation. and World Meteorological Organization, eds. An Intercomparison of the climates simulated by 14 atmospheric general circulation models. [Geneva, Switzerland]: World Meteorological Organization, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "General circulation models atmosphere"

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Teixeira, Joao, Mark Taylor, Anders Persson, and Georgios Matheou. "Atmospheric General Circulation Models." In Encyclopedia of Remote Sensing, 35–37. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36699-9_8.

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Satoh, Masaki. "Global nonhydrostatic models." In Atmospheric Circulation Dynamics and General Circulation Models, 661–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13574-3_26.

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Satoh, Masaki. "Vertical discretization of hydrostatic models." In Atmospheric Circulation Dynamics and General Circulation Models, 572–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13574-3_22.

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Satoh, Masaki. "Standard experiments of atmospheric general circulation models." In Atmospheric Circulation Dynamics and General Circulation Models, 689–702. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13574-3_27.

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Satoh, Masaki. "Basic equations of hydrostatic general circulation models." In Atmospheric Circulation Dynamics and General Circulation Models, 519–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13574-3_20.

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Satoh, Masaki. "Basic equations." In Atmospheric Circulation Dynamics and General Circulation Models, 4–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13574-3_1.

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Satoh, Masaki. "Radiation process." In Atmospheric Circulation Dynamics and General Circulation Models, 276–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13574-3_10.

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Satoh, Masaki. "Turbulence." In Atmospheric Circulation Dynamics and General Circulation Models, 293–322. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13574-3_11.

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Satoh, Masaki. "Global energy budget." In Atmospheric Circulation Dynamics and General Circulation Models, 326–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13574-3_12.

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Satoh, Masaki. "Latitudinal energy balance." In Atmospheric Circulation Dynamics and General Circulation Models, 353–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13574-3_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "General circulation models atmosphere"

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Entekhabi, Dara, and Peter S. Eagleson. "The representation of landsurface-atmosphere interaction in atmospheric general circulation models." In The world at risk: Natural hazards and climate change. AIP, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.43903.

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Loft, Richard D., Stephen J. Thomas, and John M. Dennis. "Terascale spectral element dynamical core for atmospheric general circulation models." In the 2001 ACM/IEEE conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/582034.582052.

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LOFT, RICHARD D., and STEPHEN J. THOMAS. "SEMI-IMPLICIT SPECTRAL ELEMENT METHODS FOR ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS." In Proceedings of the Ninth ECMWF Workshop on the Use of High Performance Computing in Meteorology. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812799685_0007.

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Martin, C., and R. Platt. "The Experimental Cloud Lidar Pilot Study (ECLIPS) Program." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1991.owa2.

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Although the general mean features of the global atmosphere can be simulated satisfactorily in models of the general circulation of the atmosphere (GCM's), it is not yet possible to simulate details of the global energy and water cycle to an acceptable accuracy. One of the main problems lies in modelling with sufficient accuracy the formation of clouds, their interactions with the radiation field, and the effects of precipitation.
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Eberhard, Wynn L., and Janet M. Intrieri. "Cirrus Physical and Radiative Parameters from Simultaneous Lidar, Radar, and Infrared Radiometer Measurements." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1995.wb2.

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Cirrus clouds are important modulators of radiative transfer in the atmosphere. The processes that form cirrus and the resulting radiative properties must be properly understood to model climate correctly. Bulk properties (such as optical depth, fractional cover, and cloud temperature) as well as microphysical properties (such as particle effective radius and ice water content) are important to radiative transfer. Knowledge about many of these parameters and the relationships between them are still inadequate for satisfactory parameterizations in general circulation models.
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Stokes, Gerald M. "Optical Remote Sensing in the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1991.owa1.

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The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program is a Department of Energy multi-year effort whose primary goal is the improvement of the quality of general circulation models (GCMs) of the atmosphere which are used for climate prediction. ARM seeks to improve these models through an extensive effort combining observations and basic process modeling. The proper performance of climate prediction models depends on the quality of the representations of the basic atmospheric processes within the model. The processes of most important to the ARM program are radiative transfer under a variety of physical conditions and those processes responsible for the formation, maintenance, and dissipation of clouds. One of the challenges in study of radiative processes, in particular, is the characterization of the state of the atmosphere on a time scale appropriate to radiative processes, essentially instantaneously. Optical remote sensing techniques offer excellent tools for such characterizations. However, many of the algorithms and basic approaches to optical remote sensing depend exactly on the same models and basic data that need to be tested in the radiative transfer codes. The method by which ARM combines optical techniques with other remote sensing techniques offers an interesting set of solutions to this problem.
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Siew, Jing Huey, Fredolin T. Tangang, and Liew Juneng. "Evaluation of CMIP5 coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models over the Southeast Asian winter monsoon in the 20th century." In THE 2014 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2014 Postgraduate Colloquium. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4895283.

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Tjemkes, Stephen A., and Graeme L. Stephens. "Microwave observations of precipitable water." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1990.wd10.

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Global warming is a contemporary topic of great scientific and social interest. Current models predict a temperature increase as large as 4 K when the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide is doubled. The coupling of the hydrological cycle with the initial forcing by carbon dioxide appears to be crucial in these calculations. At present however, it is not evident that the hydrological cycle is correctly modeled. And a comparison of the various components of this cycle with observations is needed. In this presentation observations are presented which could be used to validate the water vapor distributions computed by general circulation models. A method for retrieving precipitable water from observations by the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) over the global oceans is described. Preliminary results of the retrieved precipitable water and near surface wind velocities for September 1987 are described
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Bisson, Scott E., and J. E. M. Goldsmith. "Daytime Tropospheric Water Vapor Profile Measurements with a Raman Lidar." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1993.mb.4.

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Water vapor is one of the most important quantities needed to define the state of the atmosphere. Water vapor plays an important role in determining the earth's radiation budget, both directly as an absorber of infrared radiation and through its role in cloud formation. Because convection effectively short-circuits greenhouse absorption at altitudes below about 6 km, surface temperatures depend strongly on the vertical distribution of water vapor. The vertical distribution of water vapor also determines convective stability, and hence storm development. Water vapor is highly variable, both spatially and temporally, and is one of the most uncertain parameters in GCMs (General Circulation Models). Therefore, knowledge of the vertical and temporal variations of water vapor are essential for understanding atmospheric processes.
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Ferrare, R. A., D. N. Whiteman, S. H. Melfi, K. D. Evans, and B. N. Holben. "Raman Lidar and Sun Photometer Measurements of Aerosols and Water Vapor During the ARM RCS Experiment." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1995.tha2.

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The first Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Remote Cloud Study (RCS) Intensive Operations Period (IOP) was held during April 1994 at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) site near Lamont, Oklahoma. This experiment was conducted to evaluate and calibrate state-of-the-art, ground based remote sensing instruments and to use the data acquired by these instruments to validate retrieval algorithms developed under the ARM program. These activities are part of an overall plan to assess General Circulation Model (GCM) parameterization research. Since radiation processes are one of the key areas included in this parameterization research, measurements of water vapor and aerosols are required because of the important roles these atmospheric constituents play in radiative transfer.
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Reports on the topic "General circulation models atmosphere"

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Gleckler, P. J., D. A. Randall, and G. Boer. Cloud-radiative effects on implied oceanic energy transports as simulated by atmospheric general circulation models. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10162018.

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Gates, W., and K. Sperber. Temporal behavior of tropical Pacific SST (supersonic transport) in the OSU (Oregon State University) coupled atmosphere: Upper ocean GCM (general circulation models). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7106559.

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Frank, William M., James J. Hack, and Jeffrey T. Kiehl. Improvement of Moist and Radiative Processes in Highly Parallel Atmospheric General Circulation Models: Validation and Development. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7213.

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Gutowski, W. J., D. S. Gutzler, D. Portman, and W. C. Wang. Surface energy balances of three general circulation models: Current climate and response to increasing atmospheric CO[sub 2]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6658649.

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Gutowski, W. J., D. S. Gutzler, D. Portman, and W. C. Wang. Surface energy balances of three general circulation models: Current climate and response to increasing atmospheric CO{sub 2}. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10133081.

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Randall, D. A. Development of an advanced finite-difference atmospheric general circulation model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5676778.

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Covey, C. ,. LLNL. Precipitation-climate sensitivity to initial conditions in an atmospheric general circulation model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/664594.

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Wang, W. C. [Treatment of cloud radiative effects in general circulation models]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10103241.

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Michael J Iacono. Application of Improved Radiation Modeling to General Circulation Models. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1010861.

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Sperber, K., and H. Annamalai. Asian Summer Monsoon Intraseasonal Variability in General Circulation Models. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15009797.

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