Dissertations / Theses: 'General Agreement on Trade in Services'

1

Grant, Lisa L. P. "The impact of the General Agreement on Trade in Services on Jamaica /." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80924.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper examines the impact of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), an agreement under the World Trade Organization (WTO) on Jamaica. In its analysis, it considers both the island's existing and former foreign trade policy, as well as the progressive trade liberalization being undertaken within the Caribbean Single Market and Economy under CARICOM and its regionally devised policy initiatives.
Having followed a fairly liberal path in its trade relations since 1991, the provisions in domestic law which accommodate or hinder liberalization are referred to. Negotiation strategies for future rounds of the GATS are another important aspect of the thesis. This closely follows the schedule of commitments made under the GATS, taking into account recent instances of autonomous liberalization, including those taken in the telecommunications industry. Finally, a critical look is taken at the dispute resolution process of the WTO to determine the extent to which the trading interests of a developing microstate such as Jamaica are protected by this system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Ngwana, Terfot Augustine. "Internationalisation in United Kingdom higher education : impact of the General Agreement on Trade in Services." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442494.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Makki, Fadi A. "Financial services in the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) : development towards the rule of law." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245225.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Paradza, Taapano. "The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and energy services liberalisation in the Southern African Development Community (SADC): issues and prospects." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8062_1367481197.

Full text

Abstract:

Increasing energy needs globally have recently led to an interest in effectively bringing energy services in the trading system. Energy services were part of the Uruguay Round of negotiations, whose main achievement was the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). The objective of the GATS is to achieve progressive liberalisation and reduction or elimination of trade barriers of all services sectors, including energy services. The GATS has made commendable progress in liberalising many service sectors, however it has not made meaningful progress with energy services. Furthermore though the SADC region engages in energy services trade through bilateral and regional agreements, a variety of
barriers inhibit major successes from being achieved. Effective energy services trade and liberalisation has therefore proved problematic both at the multilateral, regional and bilateral level. This study, seeks to investigate why energy services liberalisation and trade at the multilateral, regional and bilateral level is problematic, with a particular focus on
the SADC region.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Ifubwa, Afulabula. "The implementation of trade in services liberalisation : challenges to enhancing the movement of natural persons across borders (Mode IV) and the recognition of foreign qualifications in South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5156.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Young, Allison Marie. "Liberalization and regulation of the movement of service suppliers, comparing the provisions for labour mobility in the General Agreement on Trade Services, the North American Free Trade Agreement, and the European Union." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ66674.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Jacobs, Abdul Karriem. "The emergence of trade in services as an emerging, international trading commodity from a South African perspective." University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

Full text

Abstract:

The reason for highlighting the difference between GATT and GATS is to focus on the impact of these agreements on the developing countries and in particular the latter will be the main focus of this paper. The economies and governments of the developing states are struggling to generate sustainable capitol growth and maintain financial stability to enhance economic growth. This is due to dictators who rule in such a manner to maintain power irrespective of the future economic viability of their state. Thus the environment for sustainable economic growth is wrath with political instability, lack of proper financial control and eagerness to attract foreign investment and allowing market access to developed states.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Messenger, Laura C. "World trade and higher education the United States' experience with development of trade policy in higher education under the general agreement on trade in services /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/6824.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.
Thesis research directed by: Education Policy, and Leadership. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Bidie, Simphiwe Sincere. "The obligation of non-discrimination under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and the agreement on Trade-related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS): a developmental perspective." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/338.

Full text

Abstract:

The non-discrimination obligation has existed since the twelfth century. It has been practiced since then, changing from a conditional to unconditional form with the passage of time. It became firmly applied unconditionally at the multilateral level in 1947 after the formation of the GATT trading system upon which several countries based their trading relations. In 1995 when the WTO was formed, the underlying principles of the GATT 1947 became part of the WTO trading system, including the non-discrimination obligation. When countries join the WTO they automatically become subject to the non-discrimination obligation. The ever increasing value of services and trade in the value of intellectual property has necessitated a look at the fundamental principles of world trade that countries have to adhere to in their trade relations. Incidentally, countries are not at the same level economically, hence one of the purposes of the WTO is to facilitate development in developing countries. Accordingly, this requires different application and/or interpretation of these fundamental principles in different situations, depending on the development level of each Member country. Amongst the five principles that underlie the international trading system, the non-discrimination principle is the focus of this study. The sustainability of the entire economic relations between WTO Member countries is dependent upon their fair compliance with this obligation. The obligation is found in Articles II and XVII of the GATS and Articles 3 and 4 of the TRIPS. The Membership of the WTO is made up of developed and developing countries. As a result of the fundamental nature of the obligation it is imperative that the scope and interpretation of this obligation, as developed by WTO adjudicating bodies, be analysed to determine if the obligation’s application and/or interpretation satisfies the above fundamental object and purpose of the multilateral system of trade. The intention here is at all times to show the importance that the non-discrimination obligation carries in international economic and legal interactions and how non-observance of this obligation would negatively affect relations between Member countries of the WTO.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Eckert, Martin Georges. "Die Liberalisierung internationaler Finanzdienstleistungen durch das General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) : unter besonderer Berücksichtigung internationaler Bankdienstleistungen /." Hamburg : Lit, 1997. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/278824676.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Oyetayo, Yeside Abiodun. "Insurance regulation in the General Agreement on Trade in Services : a model for liberalisation and development in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/27774.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis argues that the potential for the development of the Nigerian economy could be enhanced through reforms and unilateral liberalisation of the insurance market using the WTO/GATS model before further locked in commitments. The argument is premised on the analyses of the socio-economic functions of insurance in providing financial stability and welfare for the society and the developmental opportunities within the liberalisation framework of the WTO/GATS as opposed to other alternatives such as regional or bilateral integration. First, the framework serves as a regulatory model on which reforms could be based for efficiency, competitiveness, development and growth. Secondly, it provides a multilateral trading platform guided by trade enhancing rules and principles of the WTO, combined with GATS bottom up approach, progressive liberalisation and technical assistance to developing countries for greater participation in negotiations. Using the doctrinal analysis and the social science survey technique, this study demonstrates that the legislative and supervisory framework of the Nigerian insurance industry is currently inadequate to provide the growth functions. The problems include structural challenges such as low capacity due to small size of firms, obsolete products and unproductive business processes, unethical practices and a supervisory agency lacking adequate resources, powers, and independence. Others are the restrictive trade practices hindering foreign participation coupled with low insurance awareness and penetration. The thesis recommends reforms using the GATS model aimed at streamlining the laws particularly with regards to foreign insurers’ participation and the adoption of a bi-polar system of supervision to meet the current capacity inadequacies of NAICOM. The adoption of risk based regimes and principled based regulation is also recommended before further locked in commitments which would enhance growth and development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Yazdani, Shahid. "Emergency safeguard : WTO and the feasibility of emergency safeguard measures under the general agreement on trade in services." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/573/.

Full text

Abstract:

The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) along with other agreements was concluded in the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations in 1994. However, negotiations continued within the WTO framework and are still a work in progress on some specific issues under the GATS including the question of Emergency Safeguard Measures, which has been raised in Article X of the GATS as part of its ‘built-in agenda’. The thesis looks at the concept of the Emergency Safeguards Measures (ESMs) in the GATT/WTO and tries to develop an answer to the ‘question of ESMs’, which is deluding the negotiators and researchers for more than fifteen years. The thesis tries to analyse whether the GATT type ESMs can be transposed to GATS. It also explores that whether ESMs that are modelled on GATT are feasible under GATS, and if feasible, are these really desirable. If these are feasible and desirable then what should be their possible structure remaining within the existing GATT paradigm. The thesis walks through the provisions that already exist in the GATS to meet the circumstances perceived by the countries that are seeking specific ESMs under GATS and whether these provisions address the concerns of the demanders of the concept. The thesis not only takes into account the academic and legal literature on the subject but also and perhaps more practically, takes into account the dynamics of the negotiations, discussions and debates within the WTO system on the subject. The thesis tries to provide an in-depth analysis of the issue and goes beyond what is already available in the International Trade Law literature on the ESMs under the cross border trade in services. It seeks to answer a question that presently exists in the International Trade Law especially with reference to the law emerging out of WTO.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Lang, Andrew Timothy Fergusson. "Rethinking the trade and human rights debate : a case study of the General Agreement on Trade in Services and the human right to water." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615105.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Kerretts-Makau, Monica J. J. School of Social Science &amp Policy UNSW. "At a crossroad: the GATS telecom framework and neo-patrimonial states: the politics of telecom reform in Kenya." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Social Science and Policy, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25742.

Full text

Abstract:

The liberalisation of domestic telecommunication (telecom) markets has become a worldwide trend. As a result, the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), evolving from deliberations within the World Trade Organisation (WTO), has been heralded as the mechanism with which to effect telecom liberalisation domestically. For countries in Africa, the GATS instruments have been translated as a means to establish the principles required for an effective telecom industry supported by key institutions in policy, regulation and implementation. However, the analysis of relevant literature on telecom in Africa has tended to focus on technological developments based on current observable outcomes. This methodology is inadequate because it fails to account for the context-specific nature of the policy arena and framework shaping telecom outcomes. I argue that we must consider telecom outcomes by understanding the nature of political institutions domestically and their interaction with the international arena. To explicate this intersection of ideas, I draw on two seemingly independent theories, Neopatrimonialism and New Institutional Economics (NIE) with reference to the works of van de Walle (2001) and North (1990) respectively, to shed light on the nature of the Kenyan political context and the value of the GATS as an instrument that facilitates credibility and reduces opportunistic ex-post behaviour. It is contended in this study, that for the Kenyan Government, the value of the GATS accession lies in the legitimising role that it facilitates in accessing funds from the international community. This study thus highlights the inevitable tension that arises when domestic policy-reform goals are juxtaposed with international trade obligations undertaken through treaty accession and informed by a liberalisation agenda. A qualitative approach was used to collect the data and involved interviews and documentary analysis. The findings suggest that Kenya is partially in compliance with its GATS telecom commitments. However, this partial reform results from patrimonial tendencies in Kenya and is exacerbated by the need to attract hard currency through aid packages that dictate the nature of the policy process and the relationship between Kenya and the international community. In conclusion, even with policy reforms, state agents always find ways to maintain or create clientelist practises. Unless such reform is accompanied by political changes that provide checks and balances on institutions and state agents, reform policies on their own will not create an effective telecom sector. To truly evaluate telecom reform therefore, we must appreciate the context-specific nature of policy making.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Mukora, Noreen C. "South Africa's Bank licencing prequirements in light of its banking sector liberalisation commitments under the general agreement on trade in services : a legal perspective." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43669.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Zhao, Jing. "The potential impact of the General Agreement on Trade in Services on the market access of foreign banks into China, a Chinese perspective." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq36094.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Masuku, Gabriel Mthokozisi Sifiso. "Harmonization of SACU Trade Policies in the Tourism & Hospitality Service Sectors." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1740_1280359750.

Full text

Abstract:

The general objective of the proposed research is to do a needs analysis for the tourism and hospitality industries of South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho and Swaziland. This will be followed by an alignment of these industries with the provisions of the General Agreement of Trade in Services, commonly known as GATS, so that a Tourism and Hospitality Services Charter may be moulded that may be used uniformly throughout SACU. The specific objectives of the research are: To analyze impact assessment reports and studies conducted on the Tourism and Hospitality Industries for all five SACU member states with the aim of harmonizing standards, costs and border procedures. To ecognize SACU member states&rsquo
schedule of GATS Commitments, especially in the service sectors being investigated, by improving market access, and to recommend minimal infrastructural development levels to be attained for such sectors&rsquo
support. To make recommendations to harness the challenges faced by the said industries into a working document. To calibrate a uniformity of trade standards in these sectors that shall be used by the SACU membership. To ensure that the template is flexible enough for SACU to easily adopt and use in ongoing bilateral negotiations, for example.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Páez, Laura. "Liberalizing financial services and foreign direct investment in the WTO, assessing the effect of the General agreement on trade in services (GATS) on foreign bank presence in the OECD region /." Zürich, 2007. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000259592.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Mubiru, Edna Katushabe. "Liberalisation of trade in services :enhancing the temporary movement of natural persons (mode 4), a least developed countries' perspective." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6826_1297424432.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of liberalisation of trade in services on African LDCs by highlighting the importance of services trade through Mode 4 (temporary movement of natural persons).37 The paper will examine the nature of liberalisation to this Mode under the existing GATS framework, critically analyse the constraints on engaging in negotiations, specifically the national barriers that are hindering this movement, and make suggestions on ways of improving the nature of commitments on movement of natural persons in terms of Mode 4 to favour LDCs as laid down in Article VI of the GATS.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Liang, Ping Barth James R. "What determines the foreign ownership share of a country's banking assets?" Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/FALL/Economics/Thesis/Liang_Ping_47.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Wiebel, Eva. "Probleme einer multilateralen Liberalisierung des Luftverkehrs im Rahmen der GATS (WTO) /." Hamburg ; Münster : Lit, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015435415&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Hu, Qiong Min. "Liberalization of banking service under GATS in China : an examination of the scope of obligation of China and the challenges relating to their domestic implementation." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2139824.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Bojikian, Neusa Maria Pereira [UNESP]. "Os Estados Unidos e a governança do comércio de serviços: do GATS-Rodada Uruguai aos grandes acordos preferenciais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151062.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by NEUSA MARIA PEREIRA BOJIKIAN null (neusa.bojikian@terra.com.br) on 2017-07-05T16:47:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Doutorado VERSAO FINAL.pdf: 8781854 bytes, checksum: 59da8bec27bfb91d0edd7ba661e5fd25 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-07-12T19:23:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bojikian_nmp_dr_mar.pdf: 8781854 bytes, checksum: 59da8bec27bfb91d0edd7ba661e5fd25 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-12T19:23:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bojikian_nmp_dr_mar.pdf: 8781854 bytes, checksum: 59da8bec27bfb91d0edd7ba661e5fd25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-11
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo desta tese é contribuir para a compreensão dos padrões das regras de comércio de serviços propostas e/ou adotadas pelos Estados Unidos no âmbito das negociações comerciais internacionais, verificando se houve mudanças, se houve repetições desses padrões e quais seriam as causas de um resultado ou outro. O comércio de serviços, após uma assertiva estratégia dos negociadores americanos, entrou para a agenda da Rodada Uruguai de Negociações Comerciais Multilaterais do então GATT e chegou como principal tema nas negociações dos grandes acordos preferenciais de comércio – nomeadamente TPP e TTIP – liderados pelos negociadores americanos. Verifica-se que os padrões em referência espelham uma trajetória traçada a partir de uma campanha também agressiva de organizações e outros agentes, liderados especialmente pelo setor de serviços financeiros, em defesa de seus interesses. Tais atores, que foram essenciais no lançamento dessa agenda, continuaram dando sustentação aos acordos comerciais ao longo de todos esses anos, constituindo os maiores demandeurs a favor da liberalização. Entretanto, os negociadores americanos, se por um lado manifestaram total interesse em realizar ganhos com tal liberalização, alinhando-se a esses demandeurs, por outro, viram-se desde o início desafiados por constrangimentos internos e externos. A argumentação central defendida aqui é que as regras de comércio propostas e/ou adotadas pelos Estados Unidos no âmbito das negociações comerciais internacionais sobre serviços – especificamente serviços financeiros; serviços de telecomunicações; serviços audiovisuais; serviços de transporte marítimo – no GATS-Rodada Uruguai, mas efetivamente institucionalizadas no NAFTA, em função das circunstâncias adversas enfrentadas pelo México, resultaram das demandas de vários atores privados e públicos e foram moldadas dentro dos limites institucionais existentes. Tal institucionalização, ao mesmo tempo em que caracterizou uma resposta dos negociadores americanos ao padrão institucional que estava sendo adotado no GATSRodada Uruguai, tornou-se um padrão que teve influência recorrente e amplamente determinante nas regras resultantes das negociações envolvendo Estados Unidos que surgiram a partir de então. Tais argumentos estão ancorados nos pressupostos da abordagem analítica institucionalista histórica e nos conceitos path dependence, conjuntura crítica, nos mecanismos feedback positivo, sequenciamento e nos conceitos de transformações graduais, que ajudam a identificar o desenvolvimento institucional.
The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of the standards of service trade rules proposed and/or adopted by the United States in the context of international trade negotiations, verifying if there were changes, if there were repetitions of these standards and what would be the causes of a result or another. Trade in services, following an assertive strategy of American negotiators, entered the agenda of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations of the then GATT and came up with as the main topic in the negotiations of the major preferential trade agreements – notably TPP and TTIP – led by the American negotiators. The standards in question reflect a path traced from an aggressive campaign of organizations and other agents, led especially by the financial services sector, in defense of their interests. These actors, who were essential in launching this agenda, continued to support trade agreements throughout all these years, making them the largest demandeurs in favor of liberalization. However, the American negotiators, if on the one hand expressed full interest in making gains from such liberalization, by aligning themselves with these demandeurs, on the other, found themselves challenged from the outset by internal and external constraints. The central argument advocated here is that the trade rules proposed and/or adopted by the United States in the context of international trade negotiations on services – specifically financial services; telecommunication services; audiovisual services; maritime transport services – in the Uruguay Round GATS, but effectively institutionalized in NAFTA, due to the adverse circumstances faced by Mexico, resulted from the demands of several private and public actors and were shaped within the existing institutional limits. Such institutionalization, while that featured a response from the American negotiators to institutional standard that was being adopted in the GATS-Uruguay Round, became a pattern that had recurrent and largely determining influence on the rules resulting from the negotiations involving the United States that emerged thereafter. Such arguments are anchored in the assumptions of the historical institutionalist analytical approach and in the concepts of path dependence, critical juncture, in the positive feedback and sequencing mechanisms, and in the concepts of gradual transformations that help identify institutional development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Bojikian, Neusa Maria Pereira. "Os Estados Unidos e a governança do comércio de serviços : do GATS-Rodada Uruguai aos grandes acordos preferenciais /." Marília, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151062.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Sebastião Carlos Velasco e Cruz
Resumo: O objetivo desta tese é contribuir para a compreensão dos padrões das regras de comércio de serviços propostas e/ou adotadas pelos Estados Unidos no âmbito das negociações comerciais internacionais, verificando se houve mudanças, se houve repetições desses padrões e quais seriam as causas de um resultado ou outro. O comércio de serviços, após uma assertiva estratégia dos negociadores americanos, entrou para a agenda da Rodada Uruguai de Negociações Comerciais Multilaterais do então GATT e chegou como principal tema nas negociações dos grandes acordos preferenciais de comércio – nomeadamente TPP e TTIP – liderados pelos negociadores americanos. Verifica-se que os padrões em referência espelham uma trajetória traçada a partir de uma campanha também agressiva de organizações e outros agentes, liderados especialmente pelo setor de serviços financeiros, em defesa de seus interesses. Tais atores, que foram essenciais no lançamento dessa agenda, continuaram dando sustentação aos acordos comerciais ao longo de todos esses anos, constituindo os maiores demandeurs a favor da liberalização. Entretanto, os negociadores americanos, se por um lado manifestaram total interesse em realizar ganhos com tal liberalização, alinhando-se a esses demandeurs, por outro, viram-se desde o início desafiados por constrangimentos internos e externos. A argumentação central defendida aqui é que as regras de comércio propostas e/ou adotadas pelos Estados Unidos no âmbito das negociações comerciais internac... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Doutor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Garnjana-goonchorn, Intu-on. "The WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade and Environmental Protection." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43589/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Davies, Arwel. "The prospects for the World Trade Organisation Agreement on Government Procurement." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14004/.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis questions the prospects for the World Trade Organisation, Agreement on Government Procurement. This is the most important international agreement seeking to promote cross-border trade in hitherto closed national procurement markets. For the above threshold goods, services and construction services contracts which it covers, the Agreement's principal objective is to require the non-discriminatory treatment of foreign suppliers. It is because of this general insistence on non-discriminatory treatment that the Agreement's membership is limited to 27 of the 134 World Trade Organisation Members. The first theme of this thesis is therefore devoted to explaining this problem of limited membership, and to proposing possible solutions. While the Agreement's limited membership means that it is not yet capable of liberalising international procurement markets among the general WTO membership, the thesis also considers the Agreement's prospects among the major trading partners which have acceded to date. Our second theme therefore explores two of the problematic areas presenting very different difficulties and challenges, which will impact on the Agreement's success among its present and prospective Members. These distinct areas are, firstly, the use of information technology in public contract awards, and, secondly, the need for an effective system of remedies and enforcement.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

McIntyre, Christopher Robert 1963. "The rhetoric and realities of the U.S.-Mexico Free Trade Agreement." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278146.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis begins with a discussion of the theory behind free trade, and then examines some of the political rhetoric surrounding current free trade negotiations. This rhetoric ignores the potential pitfalls of free trade, and alternatives which would lead to more balanced development. The U.S.-Mexico FTA is placed in global perspective, with a discussion of the GATT. The maquiladora industry, dominated by multinational corporations, is presented as a "sneak preview" of free trade. This agreement would generate multiple realities, in that it would mean different things to different groups of people; it will have numerous negative effects, especially on Mexico's rural population. The ideological rhetoric obscures the fact that a primary result of free trade will not be broad economic development, but rather further polarization of society and the enrichment of certain vested interests.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Dipholo, Thabo. "The potential impact of the African Continental Free Trade Area agreement on a regional service provider." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/74834.

Full text

Abstract:

The advent of trade in services theory has been a developing research topic since 1980, where various factors are in place to determine trade flows and the impact of regulatory frameworks and policies. Services trade is an important contributing factor towards economic objectives and continues to drive development. With growth in services trade across the globe there is increased value in understanding the impact of the services sector on the African continent. The evolving reliance on services towards globalisation in low-income economies is proven to contribute significantly to gross domestic product. The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement was instituted to integrate economies by creating ease of access for the intra-trade of goods and services across the continent. This study aimed to explore the impact of the AfCFTA agreement on a regional financial services provider. The research followed a semi-structured interview methodology, which measured and tested the impact of the agreement on trade in services for this qualitative study. The results indicated that the service provider would adopt the AfCFTA agreement’s requirements in the expansion of its operations, to establish services across the continent. Although the minimum number of countries required supported the ratification process, a lot of work is needed to develop and understand the effect of international trade, on the back of reformative policy changes such as the AfCFTA agreement.
Mini Dissertation (MPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MPhil
Unrestricted

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Runi, Rutendo Juliana. "Balancing trade remedies and preferential trade agreements: A South African experience." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6831.

Full text

Abstract:

Magister Legum - LLM
Over the past decade countries have embraced globalisation. The depth and influence of globalisation has grown significantly since the 19th century. Globalisation has accelerated mainly due to increased integration in trade with bilateral, regional and multilateral trade negotiations on the rise. Multinational companies have also enlarged which enable production to be done seamlessly in different countries, increase in capital flows such as purchase of assets and bonds has also contributed. Furthermore, the surge on technological innovations and advancement cannot be ignored when one speaks of globalisation this era has been dubbed the technological era additionally there is also the role of migration which enhances labor movements. The world has rapidly shrunk to one global economy. After the World War II countries began to move away from protectionism to liberalised trade and this resulted in the formation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) then the World Trade Organisation (WTO) which is comprised of 164-member states. The WTO regulates trade and promotes free trade. Over the years the organisation has been evolving to deal with issues such as climate and technical assistance. Global trade presents challenges which may give rise to the need for countries to protect their domestic industries for political and economic reasons.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Ferreira, Clarissa. "Liberalising trade in climate-friendly goods under the framework of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15168.

Full text

Abstract:

Climate change implications have infiltrated all sectors of society and the world can no longer adopt a 'business as usual' attitude. The unprecedented nature of these implications renders it difficult to address in a swift manner the challenges that arise. Anthropogenic GHG emissions are largely responsible for climate change and fossil fuel-based energy uses are considered to be the biggest contributor to these emissions. The need to reduce the rate of these emissions is an uncontested issue. It has been suggested that one of the options would be to scale up sustainable energy sources through a shift to cleaner and low-carbon transport fuels and technologies. This shift to cleaner energy resources could be achieved in numerous different manners; however, this dissertation will consider how a Sustainable Energy Trade Agreement could contribute to this shift as one option amongst among a myriad of other steps that need to be taken to mitigate climate change. This dissertation considers how the liberalisation of trade in CFGs can assist in this shift to cleaner energy resources. As is illustrated the process of liberalising trade in CFGs has been hindered by several issues. A proposal has emerged for a Sustainable Energy Trade Agreement that could render assistance to the issues that arise with the liberalisation of CFGs as well as expedite the liberalisation process. The ultimate question that this dissertation seeks to address is whether a SETA-type agreement entered into by certain WTO Members would be compatible under the GATT.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Karli, Mehmet. "Regulatory regionalism and article xxiv of the general agreement on tariffs and trade." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530042.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Harrod, Pamela A. "The general agreement on tariffs and trade and non-tariff barriers impact on international law and on trade in general and on import and export trade in Canada in particular." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5598.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Xia, Yao Yuan. "Reconciliation of non-market economies : GATT trade rules." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28870.

Full text

Abstract:

Due to the abortion of the proposed Havana Charter and non-participation of the USSR and other State trading economies in the Charter negotiations, GATT has been acting as a traders' club - a club mainly beneficial to western •market economies. Its rules are formulated almost exclusively in favor of free trade on a comparative advantage and private enterprise basis. There is virtually no place for NMEs to have effective access. As one of the pivots of post-World-War-II multilateralism, GATT assumes a major role in compromising, integrating, regulating and supervising diversified member nations' trade laws and policies. Its legal framework, however, is inadequate to deal with the integration of NME. This is because GATT is framed essentially along the line of market ideology and minimal government intervention. NMEs, on the other hand, discard market ideology and adopt wholesale government intervention and central planning as a basic form of economy. While trading practice in NMEs is basically incompatible with the GATT-promoted free trade rules, accommodations were made to facilitate NMEs' request for membership. Consequently, Poland, Romania, Hungary and Yugoslavia became GATT members respectively during the 1960s and 70s. At that time East European countries maintained command state trading thus were unable to be fully integrated into the GATT-based international trade order. During negotiations on terms of NMEs' accession to GATT, GATT countries adopted an import commitments approach to solve the central and much debated issue of market access to NME countries. Despite its merits, the approach has been criticized notwithstanding the fact that no alternative has been suggested. Accordingly, the primary objective of the thesis is to rethink the existing approaches to NMEs in order to explore new ways of effectively integrating NMEs into the GATT legal framework. By approaching the thesis problem carefully, the writer arrives at the conclusion that although GATT would need new assumptions with a view to regaining a new consensus of broader international representation and participation, a considerable and substantial decentralization in the NME is unavoidable in order to adapt themselves into the GATT framework. In the meantime, it is stressed that all GATT countries should continue to facilitate NMEs' access to the GATT forum in the hope that NMEs being potential world traders would increase world prosperity and understanding by broader participation. World prosperity, needless to say, is the best guarantee of world peace and security.
Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Penzhorn, Niels. "The Impact of the EU free trade agreement on South African agriculture a general equilibrium analysis /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02212007-154604.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Nischalke, Tobias Ingo. "Theories of international cooperation and the GATT/WTO regime: beyond the dichotomy of rational and cognitive approaches." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003027.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis aspires to assess the explanatory value of different theories of international cooperation for the case of the world trade regime of GATT/WTO and subsequently strives to reach a satisfactory interpretation of the instance of cooperation. The world trade regime embarked on a process of transformation with the signing of the Marrakech Agreements of 15th April 1994. The event marked the conclusion of the Uruguay Round and, with the establishment of the WTO, the beginning of a new era for the world trade regime. The thesis endeavours to establish the substance of the regime change from GATT to the WTO. It outlines the most significant provisions of the agreement of the Uruguay Round and, subsequently, analyses the change on the level of regime norms underlying the world trade regime. The analysis of regime norms yields insights about the essence of the regime transformation and as to what factors proved to be conducive to cooperation in the sphere of the world trade. The GATT/WTO regime with its extended scope and more sophisticated institutional structures can be regarded as a prime example of successful cooperation. However, the prospects for cooperation between states in an anarchic environment without central authority for enforcement are the subject of a remarkably intense scholarly debate. Therefore it is worthwhile to examine which theoretical framework proves to be most adept at elucidating the circumstances of this instance of cooperation. This thesis applies different theories of international cooperation to the case of the GATT/WTO regime. While a large array of rational theories attempts to explain cooperation from a perspective which focuses on interests and capabilities, a different strand of theories, that of cognitive approaches, emphasizes the paramountcy of ideas and beliefs as variables which explain cooperation. They endogenize the process of interest formation. This thesis seeks to synthesise the strong points of rational and cognitive approaches and thus to reconcile the divergent schools of thought. Its further purpose is to set out factors which are conducive to cooperation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Mathis, James Haley. "Regional trade agreements in the GATT/WTO GATT article XXIV and the internal trade requirement /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2001. http://dare.uva.nl/document/60558.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Meakin, Richard Peter. "An investigation of an hermeneutic model of patient satisfaction with the consultation in general practice : the relationship between doctor-patient agreement and patient satisfaction with the consultation in general practice." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367586.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Sherman, Richard Scott. "Managing political exchange : multilateralism in global trade policy /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10737.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Bindley, Geoffrey Norman. "China and the GATT : a study of political and economic implications /." Thesis, [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13841051.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1994.
"The implications of state trading, and the costs and benefits of GATT membership; with illustrations from the stell industry." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-64).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Kengni, Bernard. "Trade and environment: the environmental impacts of the agricultural sector in South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1491_1363781507.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Manjoro, Faith Tendayi. "International trade and environmental disputes : an analysis of Article XX of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1994) and environmental policies of the developing and developed world." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007444.

Full text

Abstract:

A major problem emanating from the trade/environment conflict is the use of trade measures, such as restrictions and sanctions, as tools for environmental protection. Proponents of free trade argue that the use of these measures is tantamount to abuse of environmental standards for protectionist ends. This is particularly so if the imposition of the standard amounts to a unilateral act which blocks the entry of a specified product into the market of another member state for reasons other than environmental protection. Environmentalists at the same time argue that free trade will lead to environmental degradation and therefore advocate for the use of trade-restrictive measures to safeguard against the destruction of the environment. The GATT has proved problematic when it comes to the resolution of trade/environment conflicts. The GATT aims at trade liberalisation yet most environmental policies are enforced through trade-restrictive devices like quotas and licences. Article XX of the GATT is anomalous: it does not explicitly mention the environment, yet member states rely on it as an environmental protection clause. This thesis discusses the various issues emanating from the trade/environmental debate. The history of Article XX is reviewed and the issues that arise in the adjudication of Articles XX (b) and (g) in a trade/environment context are analysed in light of the decisions by the GATTIWTO dispute settlement bodies. The role played by Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) in protecting the environment is discussed. However, the relationship between MEAs and the WTO is also scrutinised as these rule-making bodies often come into conflict: firstly, because they serve two differing interests - on the one hand, MEAs allow for the use of trade restrictive measures in environmental agreements and on the other, the WTO calls for unrestricted trade unless exceptional circumstances exist; and secondly, member states that are party to both the WTO and MEAs are often forced to subscribe to international trade rules that are incompatible with those in environmental agreements. The trade/environmental debate is important to both the developed and developing worlds. The developed world is in favour of environmental policies which protect the environment from degradation. On the other hand, the developing world is in desperate need of the benefits of trade liberalisation so as to cater for high unemployment rates and poor economic growth. The question thus arises as to whether, when environmental issues are promoted, developing countries will not suffer at the expense of developed nations which may engage in protectionist measures under the pretext of environmental conservation. The divide between developed and developing countries is illustrated in Chapter 5 through case studies on coal mining in the USA and South Africa. The conclusion reached is that total co-operation is essential between developed and developing states for success in safeguarding the environment from degradation. Accordingly, the trade/environmental debate cannot be isolated from the conflicting approaches in developed and developing countries. The conclusions in the final chapter seek to strike a balance between trade liberalisation and environmental protection. Recommendations are made on how the trade/environmental challenges could be dealt with and the regulation of trade restrictive devices to exclude, or at least limit, protectionism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Greyling, Minette Ilse. "The World Trade Organisation : international trade, dispute settlement & the environment." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53695.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The norms governing international trade on the one hand, and sustainable development on the other, have both different origins and objectives. This is the central problem that will be addressed in this research assignment, by analysing the structure, functioning and future of the World Trade Organisation Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSM). Though there has been a significant shift from politics to legality, the dispute settlement system is still far from perfect. When looking at recent environmental trade disputes, the stress placed on the system is revealed. •• The focus is on the impact of environmental disputes on the nature and functioning of the DSM, and how these disputes have contributed to the development of international trade law, and the concept of sustainable development. These will all contribute to a greater understanding of the interaction of the World Trade Organisation and the multilateral trading system, and the future role the WTO should play on the agenda for sustainable development.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die norme wat enersyds internasionale handel, en andersyds volhoubare ontwikkeling beheer, het uiteenlopende oorspronge en doelstellings. Hierdie is die sentrale probleem wat deur hierdie navorsingsverslag aangespreek word, te wete deur die struktuur, funksionering en toekoms van die Wereldhandelsorganisasie (WHO) Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSM) te analiseer. Hierdie dispuutskikkingstelsel is nog steeds nie volmaak nie, ten spyte daarvan dat daar reeds 'n betekenisvolle verskuiwing van politiek tot wetlikheid plaasgevind het. As daar na onlangse omgewingshandelsdispute gekyk word, kom die druk wat op die stelsel geplaas word, duidelik na vore. Die fokus word dus met hierdie navorsingsverslag geplaas op die impak wat omgewingsdispute op die aard en funksionering van die DSM het, en hoe die dispute bygedra het tot die ontwikkeling van internasional handelswette asook op die konsep van volhoubare ontwikkeling. Hierdie fokus behoort by te dra tot 'n groter begrip tot die interaksie tussen die Wereldhandelsorganisasie (WHO) en die multilaterale handelstelsels, asook op die toekomstige rol wat die WHO behoort te speel met betrekking tot die agenda vir volhoubare ontwikkeling.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Lunani, Sadat Mulongo. "Understanding regionalisation and preferential relations in world trade law and policy: a perspective from the East African Community (EAC)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6793_1363787835.

Full text

Abstract:

The rapid growth in the number of regional trade agreements (RTAs) has led to concern about the weakening of the multilateral trading system. This thesis examines the spread of such agreement and the extent to which they pose a threat to the multilateral system. Regionalism and multilateralism are complimentary as shown in the case study of the East African Community. The current regional trade agreement management rules are weak and ambiguous and possible amendments for these rules are proposed

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Poonyth, Daneswar. "A structural econometric model of the European sugar sector and the potential implications of the GATT/WTO /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9924914.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Mulenga, Chipasha. "Trade distorting provisions under the multilateral agreement on agriculture : addressing the question of Africa’s limited participation in agricultural trade." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30055.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Pelc, Krzysztof J. "The cost of wiggle-room on the use of flexibility in international trade agreements /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/463166578/viewonline.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Moris, Francisco A. "International Trade in Research and Development Services and the Activity of MNC Subsidiaries." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3668524.

Full text

Abstract:

International technology diffusion reflects global R&D production and collaboration that increasingly accompany other forms of international activity such as trade and foreign direct investment. This thesis studies country-level market flows of disembodied technology or intangibles trade. The main conceptual premise is that operations of MNC subsidiaries have a substantial effect on these market-based flows, consistent with public goods aspects of industrial knowledge and with theories on MNC R&D strategies. Extensive previous country-level work relating FDI and technology flows focuses largely on knowledge spillovers (benefits from involuntary, uncompensated knowledge flows). Further, this study considers simultaneously two types of MNC subsidiaries (foreign owned subsidiaries and overseas subsidiaries of domestic MNCs) to acknowledge the likely role of two-way FDI (measured by MNC activities) in intangibles trade. In turn, the influence of these subsidiary groupings on intangibles trade reflects varied motives of the underlying R&D investments. The predicted effects of MNC operations on intangibles trade result in hypotheses that are tested with published aggregate statistics from the U.S. balance of payments on total U.S. exports and imports in R&D services as the dependent variables.

Theoretically, the thesis introduces the concept of reverse knowledge transfer from international business research to the study of bilateral intangibles trade. More generally, the thesis contributes to the literature by integrating macro and micro perspectives useful to understand the direction and nature of disembodied technology flows. In particular, the conceptual approach is consistent with macro trade models (two-way trade and two-way FDI from new trade theory), international business research, knowledge-based and transaction costs theories of MNCs (internalization of knowledge production and transfer), and innovation theory (knowledge seeking/exploiting). Consistent with these theoretical considerations, the empirical implementation considers panel countries as both exporters/importers of intangibles and host/home countries of R&D-performing MNC subsidiaries. In turn, estimated equations use panel econometrics to relate observed heterogeneity in the geographic structure of bilateral trade with the geographic distribution of MNC operations for the two types or groupings of MNC subsidiaries.

The main conceptual premise of this study was supported by the empirical findings. In the aggregate, U.S. MNCs and foreign MNCs with U.S.-located subsidiaries appear to engage in knowledge seeking R&D investments that influence transactions captured in balance of payment statistics. At the same time, the hypotheses regarding the effect of value added operations were not sustained statistically, failing to support knowledge exploiting as conceptualized here.

International transactions in intangibles in the form of services trade have yet to be integrated in the mainstream S&T policy literature. The analysis of aggregate R&D services trade pursued in this study may complement research on industrial knowledge flows based on other S&T indicators (or levels of aggregation) thus potentially allowing monitoring and analysis of international technology diffusion earlier in the innovation cycle (e.g., before or apart from patenting), and suggests the potential of non-spillover flows as targets of international S&T policy tools, perhaps in conjunction with trade and investment policy frameworks. The study also discusses the need for enhanced and integrated domestic and international statistics on R&D and related intangibles to support future research and the design or modification of policy tools to monitor and facilitate cross-border flows of industrial knowledge.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Urapeepatanapong, Kitipong. "Legal aspects of countertrade under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the national laws of Canada and Thailand." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26147.

Full text

Abstract:

Countertrade is no longer a new term in international trade. Countertrade will continue to grow in the next decade despite opposition from various developed countries. Nevertheless, little attention has been given to develop a generally acceptable definition of countertrade and a classification of its forms. More importantly, the study of the legal implications of countertrade under GATT and national laws of countries involved in countertrade is still limited. This thesis is a first step to explore the definition and forms of countertrade, as well as its national and international legal implications. The first part of this thesis, respecting the overview and framework of countertrade, contains three chapters. The first chapter describes the purposes and methodology employed in the research of this thesis. Chapter two discusses the development of countertrade in world trade and the definitions and major forms of countertrade transactions. A definition of "countertrade" is proposed. The discussion of elements contained in each form of countertrade will assist classification of the forms of countertrade. The advantages and disadvantages of countertrade from the perspective of both developed and developing countries is also discussed. In Chapter three, the development of countertrade policy in Canada and Thailand is examined. The writer concludes that countertrade should be encouraged but with care taken to adopt the form most suitable to the specific problems each country is facing. Generally, Thailand and Canada should study the impacts of countertrade on their economies prior to implementing countertrade policies. In respect of their mutual relations, Thailand and Canada should put an emphasis on the development of countertrade practice in the forms of Offsets and Compensation. The second part respecting the legal implications of countertrade, consists of Chapters four, five and six. Chapter four examines the legal implications of countertrade under the major provisions of the GATT and its Codes. The writer concludes that there are a number of unresolved problems with which GATT and the Codes cannot deal efficiently because they were drafted while countertrade was still unimportant in international trade. A study of the impact of countertrade and a detailed study of the legal implications under GATT is still required. In Chapters five and six, the writer examines countertrade transactions under the private and regulatory laws of Canada and Thailand. The discussion, within the limited scope of the thesis, is aimed only at providing some precautions respecting possible effects of such laws on countertrade transactions. The private law aspect deals only with basic problems of choice of law principles, the State Immunity principle, and the enforcement of foreign or international arbitral awards that arise from disputes concerning countertrade agreements. The discussion of regulatory law is divided into three parts based on the purposes and nature of the legislation: Fiscal and other regulatory control laws; Remedial regulatory laws; and the Promotion and Administrative regulatory law. Specific provisions of the legislation are examined. Certain suggestions are made for reform of the law. The last part of this thesis, Chapters seven relates to practical consideration of negotiating and drafting countertrade agreements. The purpose of this part is to guide practitioners in preparing and structuring countertrade agreements efficiently. The writer also suggests the preparation of model countertrade agreements to overcome problems of time and cost in drafting agreements, and to strengthen the developing countries' bargaining power. Chapter eight, the conclusion, summarizes the major points which are discussed in previous chapters. The diversity of countertrade transactions probably precludes the development of uniform domestic or international rule to regulate this type of international commerce. This thesis has shown that lawyers in developed and. developing countries need, however, to be aware of the special nature of countertrade transactions when considering the application of laws of a general character so as to preserve the value of this form of trade.
Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Haglund, Lisa. "The Security Exception in the GATT : An Analysis of Article XXI in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-408809.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Haddock, Janet Elaine. "Environment-related decision making : an examination of the GATT/WTO process /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20272029.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'General Agreement on Trade in Services'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles