Relevant bibliographies by topics / General Agreement on Trade in Services

Academic literature on the topic 'General Agreement on Trade in Services'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "General Agreement on Trade in Services"

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Sherman, Laura B. "World Trade Organization: Agreement on Telecommunications Services (Fourth Protocol to General Agreement on Trade in Services)." International Legal Materials 36, no. 2 (March 1997): 354–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020782900019537.

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On February 15, 1997, 69 countries agreed to provide market access to some or all of their basic telecommunications sectors. These 69 countries represent over 90% of the world's basic telecommunications revenues. This achievement came after two unsuccessful attempts to negotiate a multi-lateral agreement on basic telecommunications under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (“WTO”). It was an achievement warmly welcomed by consumers and suppliers of basic telecommunications services.
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Weiss, Friedl. "The General Agreement of Trade in Services 1994." Common Market Law Review 32, Issue 5 (October 1, 1995): 1177–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola1995056.

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Ortino, Federico, and Emily Lydgate. "Addressing Domestic Regulation Affecting Trade in Services in CETA, CPTPP, and USMCA: Revolution or Timid Steps?" Journal of World Investment & Trade 20, no. 5 (October 28, 2019): 680–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340152.

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Abstract The number of international agreements purporting to liberalise trade, mainly focused on reducing protectionist measures through the imposition of general principles, has increased greatly over the last 25 years. More recently, the United States and the European Union (EU) concluded comprehensive agreements covering trade in goods, trade in services, and foreign investment. This article inquires whether, and the extent to which, such agreements represent a departure from previous practice. It focuses on (a) the instruments employed to address domestic regulation affecting trade in services and (b) three specific agreements concluded between 2016 and 2018: the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement, the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, and the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement. While these recent Preferential Trade Agreements put forward novel approaches to regulatory diversity affecting trade in services, it is too early to ascertain whether these will have any ground-breaking impact in terms of services trade liberalisation.
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George, Babu P., and Tony L. Henthorne. "Tourism and the general agreement on trade in services." International Journal of Social Economics 34, no. 3 (February 27, 2007): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03068290710726702.

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Rai, Sheela. "Electronic Commerce and General Agreement on Trade in Services." Foreign Trade Review 38, no. 3-4 (October 2003): 79–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515040405.

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DAWAR, KAMALA. "Government Procurement in the WTO: A Case for Greater Integration." World Trade Review 15, no. 4 (January 5, 2016): 645–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745615000592.

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This article assesses the regulation of government procurement in the WTO, specifically under the WTO Government Procurement Agreement (WTO GPA), the General Agreement on Tariffs in Trade (GATT), the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), and the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM). It compares these findings from leading regional trade agreements (RTAs) with government procurement regulation, most notably the North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).
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Ciuriak, Dan, Ali Dadkhah, and Dmitry Lysenko. "The Effect of Binding Commitments on Services Trade." World Trade Review 19, no. 3 (July 30, 2019): 365–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745618000496.

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AbstractIt has long been established in theory that uncertainty impacts on firm behaviour. However, the empirical basis for quantifying the uncertainty-reducing effects of trade agreements has not been firmly established. In this paper, we develop estimates of the effect of reducing uncertainty regarding regulation of foreign services markets by making commitments that are bound under a trade agreement. Specifically, we identify the effect on services trade of services trade restrictions, as measured by the OECD's Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI), and the separate effect of ‘water’ in binding commitments, as assessed by the difference between countries’ commitments under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) or free trade agreements (FTAs) and applied levels of market access, as captured by STRI scores. Using a gravity model, we find that services trade responds positively but inelastically to reductions in services trade barriers, as measured by the STRI and, in our preferred regression, the response to actual restrictions is more than twice – specifically 2.4 times – as strong as the response to comparable reductions in uncertainty, as measured by water. Moving from GATS commitments to FTA commitments leads to a 4.7% increase in services trade because of the reduction in uncertainty.
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Adlung, Rudolf. "Export Policies and the General Agreement on Trade in Services." Journal of International Economic Law 18, no. 3 (August 28, 2015): 487–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgv031.

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Schunter-Kleemann, Susanne. "EU und GATS, das „General Agreement on Trade in Services“." Sozial Extra 28, no. 2-3 (February 2004): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12054-004-0018-2.

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Jansen Van Rensburg, Susara J., Riaan Rossouw, and Wilma Viviers. "Liberalizing Bangladesh’s Services Trade: Is Joining Trade in Services Agreement the Way to Go?" South Asia Economic Journal 21, no. 1 (February 23, 2020): 99–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1391561420903198.

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Although currently limited, services trade holds great potential for Bangladesh, as services already make a major contribution to GDP and employment. Services represent an important alternative (in the longer term) or complement (in the shorter term) to ready-made garments (RMGs), which have long dominated Bangladesh’s export mix. The country is poised to see declining RMG export revenues when the country graduates out of least developed country (LDC) status and loses its trade preferences in global markets. To build domestic capacity with a view to developing its services export sector, Bangladesh needs to open its market to services imports. But what approach would be best? Can a plurilateral trade agreement (PTA) like the Trade in Services Agreement (TiSA), whose members have sought to stimulate their services sectors through more liberalized trade, ever be an option? We use a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to simulate the effects of TiSA membership on Bangladesh’s economy. The results show that, overall, Bangladesh would derive marginal benefit from TiSA, but employment and exports would suffer. The worst-affected sectors would be agriculture and textiles and clothing, the country’s largest employers. To lessen the impact of increased foreign competition, a regional trade approach is recommended, supported by a sound national services strategy which would include a roadmap for tackling the country’s myriad supply-side shortcomings. JEL: F13, F14, F15, F16
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "General Agreement on Trade in Services"

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Grant, Lisa L. P. "The impact of the General Agreement on Trade in Services on Jamaica /." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80924.

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This paper examines the impact of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), an agreement under the World Trade Organization (WTO) on Jamaica. In its analysis, it considers both the island's existing and former foreign trade policy, as well as the progressive trade liberalization being undertaken within the Caribbean Single Market and Economy under CARICOM and its regionally devised policy initiatives.
Having followed a fairly liberal path in its trade relations since 1991, the provisions in domestic law which accommodate or hinder liberalization are referred to. Negotiation strategies for future rounds of the GATS are another important aspect of the thesis. This closely follows the schedule of commitments made under the GATS, taking into account recent instances of autonomous liberalization, including those taken in the telecommunications industry. Finally, a critical look is taken at the dispute resolution process of the WTO to determine the extent to which the trading interests of a developing microstate such as Jamaica are protected by this system.
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Ngwana, Terfot Augustine. "Internationalisation in United Kingdom higher education : impact of the General Agreement on Trade in Services." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442494.

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Makki, Fadi A. "Financial services in the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) : development towards the rule of law." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245225.

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Paradza, Taapano. "The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and energy services liberalisation in the Southern African Development Community (SADC): issues and prospects." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8062_1367481197.

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Increasing energy needs globally have recently led to an interest in effectively bringing energy services in the trading system. Energy services were part of the Uruguay Round of negotiations, whose main achievement was the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). The objective of the GATS is to achieve progressive liberalisation and reduction or elimination of trade barriers of all services sectors, including energy services. The GATS has made commendable progress in liberalising many service sectors, however it has not made meaningful progress with energy services. Furthermore though the SADC region engages in energy services trade through bilateral and regional agreements, a variety of 
barriers inhibit major successes from being achieved. Effective energy services trade and liberalisation has therefore proved problematic both at the multilateral, regional and bilateral level. This study, seeks to investigate why energy services liberalisation and trade at the multilateral, regional and bilateral level is problematic, with a particular focus on 
the SADC region.

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Ifubwa, Afulabula. "The implementation of trade in services liberalisation : challenges to enhancing the movement of natural persons across borders (Mode IV) and the recognition of foreign qualifications in South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5156.

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Young, Allison Marie. "Liberalization and regulation of the movement of service suppliers, comparing the provisions for labour mobility in the General Agreement on Trade Services, the North American Free Trade Agreement, and the European Union." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ66674.pdf.

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Jacobs, Abdul Karriem. "The emergence of trade in services as an emerging, international trading commodity from a South African perspective." University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The reason for highlighting the difference between GATT and GATS is to focus on the impact of these agreements on the developing countries and in particular the latter will be the main focus of this paper. The economies and governments of the developing states are struggling to generate sustainable capitol growth and maintain financial stability to enhance economic growth. This is due to dictators who rule in such a manner to maintain power irrespective of the future economic viability of their state. Thus the environment for sustainable economic growth is wrath with political instability, lack of proper financial control and eagerness to attract foreign investment and allowing market access to developed states.
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Messenger, Laura C. "World trade and higher education the United States' experience with development of trade policy in higher education under the general agreement on trade in services /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/6824.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.
Thesis research directed by: Education Policy, and Leadership. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Bidie, Simphiwe Sincere. "The obligation of non-discrimination under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and the agreement on Trade-related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS): a developmental perspective." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/338.

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The non-discrimination obligation has existed since the twelfth century. It has been practiced since then, changing from a conditional to unconditional form with the passage of time. It became firmly applied unconditionally at the multilateral level in 1947 after the formation of the GATT trading system upon which several countries based their trading relations. In 1995 when the WTO was formed, the underlying principles of the GATT 1947 became part of the WTO trading system, including the non-discrimination obligation. When countries join the WTO they automatically become subject to the non-discrimination obligation. The ever increasing value of services and trade in the value of intellectual property has necessitated a look at the fundamental principles of world trade that countries have to adhere to in their trade relations. Incidentally, countries are not at the same level economically, hence one of the purposes of the WTO is to facilitate development in developing countries. Accordingly, this requires different application and/or interpretation of these fundamental principles in different situations, depending on the development level of each Member country. Amongst the five principles that underlie the international trading system, the non-discrimination principle is the focus of this study. The sustainability of the entire economic relations between WTO Member countries is dependent upon their fair compliance with this obligation. The obligation is found in Articles II and XVII of the GATS and Articles 3 and 4 of the TRIPS. The Membership of the WTO is made up of developed and developing countries. As a result of the fundamental nature of the obligation it is imperative that the scope and interpretation of this obligation, as developed by WTO adjudicating bodies, be analysed to determine if the obligation’s application and/or interpretation satisfies the above fundamental object and purpose of the multilateral system of trade. The intention here is at all times to show the importance that the non-discrimination obligation carries in international economic and legal interactions and how non-observance of this obligation would negatively affect relations between Member countries of the WTO.
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Eckert, Martin Georges. "Die Liberalisierung internationaler Finanzdienstleistungen durch das General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) : unter besonderer Berücksichtigung internationaler Bankdienstleistungen /." Hamburg : Lit, 1997. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/278824676.pdf.

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Books on the topic "General Agreement on Trade in Services"

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United Nations. Economic Commission for Africa., ed. General agreement on trade in services (GATS): Financial services. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: The Commission, 1999.

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Canada, Canada Industry. Information technologies: General Agreement on Trade in Services. Ottawa, Ont: Industry Canada, 1995.

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Organization, World Trade, ed. Protocols to the General Agreement on Trade in Services. Buffalo, N.Y: William S. Hein & Co., 2004.

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Canada. Dept. of Finance. Financial Sector Policy Branch., ed. The General Agreement on Trade in Services: The financial services sector. Ottawa: Dept. of Finance, 1995.

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E, Barfield Claude, and American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research., eds. Insurance in the General Agreement on Trade in Services. Washington: AEI Press, 2001.

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Organization, World Trade, ed. Fourth protocol to the General Agreement on Trade in Services. Geneva: WTO-OMC, 1997.

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Secretariat, Commonwealth, and International Trade Centre UNCTAD/GATT, eds. Business guide to the General Agreement on Trade in Services. Geneva: International Trade Center, 2000.

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Knapp, Ursula. The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS): An analysis. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1994.

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Centre, International Trade, and Commonwealth Secretariat, eds. Business guide to the General Agreement on Trade in Services. Geneva: International Trade Centre/Commonwealth Secretariat, 1999.

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Organization, World Trade, ed. Fifth protocol to the General Agreement on Trade in Services. Geneva: WTO, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "General Agreement on Trade in Services"

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Brown, Catherine A. "The General Agreement on Trade in Services." In Non-discrimination and Trade in Services, 19–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4406-9_2.

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Chatterjee, Deen K. "General Agreement on Trade and Services (GATS)." In Encyclopedia of Global Justice, 382. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9160-5_1031.

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Zhang, Weiwei. "Embracing Global Tax Reform in the General Agreement on Trade in Services?" In Coherence and Divergence in Services Trade Law, 249–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46955-9_11.

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Koul, Autar Krishen. "WTO General Agreement on Trade in Service (GATS)." In Guide to the WTO and GATT, 535–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2089-7_31.

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Kanungo, Anil K., and Abhishek Jha. "Prospects for Air Services in Indonesia Under Modified General Agreement on Trade in Services: India–China Dimension." In Trade, Investment and Economic Growth, 375–96. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6973-3_21.

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Brisibe, T. C. "International Trade in Commercial Launch Services: Adopting the World Trade Organization General Agreement on Trade in Services (WTO/GATS)." In The Space Transportation Market: Evolution or Revolution?, 267–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0894-5_32.

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Gould, Ellen. "Five. The General Agreement on Trade in Services—Politics by Another Means." In Not for Sale, edited by Gordon Laxer and Dennis Soron, 95–110. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442603172-007.

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Krajewski, Markus. "Public Services Exemptions in EU Free Trade and Investment Agreements." In Services of General Interest Beyond the Single Market, 243–72. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-063-3_10.

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Ghosh, Bimal. "The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and Movement of Natural Persons." In Gains from Global Linkages, 82–115. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25422-4_5.

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Bauby, Pierre. "Ambivalence of the European Strategy in External Relations on Trade Agreements." In Services of General Interest Beyond the Single Market, 233–41. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-063-3_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "General Agreement on Trade in Services"

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Thakur, Narender. "Indian Students in the United States and the General Agreement on Trade in Services: An Empirical Analysis of Brain-Drain or Brain-Gain Theories." In 2022 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1887243.

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Mitrevski, Vladimir. "VALIDITY OF THE ARBITRATION AGREEMENT AS A REQUIREMENT FOR THE ARBTITRATION PROCEDINGS." In International scientific conference challenges and open issues of service law. Vol. 2. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of law, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xxmajsko2.727m.

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Commercial subjects and their relations in the trade of goods and services lead to disputes between participants as a result of non-fulfillment of rights and obligations which derive from concluded contracts. This kind of disputes as well as inefficiency of national courts are the main reasons for finding alternative ways of fast and efficient way of solving disputes out of the national courts. Solving disputes out of the jurisdiction of the national courts derives from the will of the parties..The parties trough arbitration agreement agree to solve the dispute trough a third party in form of arbitration court. The arbitration agreement is valid if it has valid form and content Done analyzes indicate that the form of the arbitration agreement and the content of the arbitration agreement are the kind of questions that are not easy to give comprehensive and precise answer, although in the contemporary arbitration law it is widely accepted that the parties to the arbitration have freedom of consensual choice of the form and the content of the arbitration agreement. Thereto for the validity of the arbitration agreement it is needed fulfillment of particular material law terms with respect to general and special conditions which refer to the form and content of the arbitration agreement Because of that different aspects of material validity of the arbitration agreement differ in various states.
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Zhou, Yixin. "Negotiations of Services Trade and Free Trade Agreement." In 2016 6th International Conference on Mechatronics, Computer and Education Informationization (MCEI 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mcei-16.2016.210.

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Koç, Neslihan. "Analyzing the Foreing Trade Relations of Turkey and Macedonia within the Framework of Free Trade Agreement." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00965.

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Turkey, because of its responsibilities derived from Custom Union with European Union, makes limited Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with those states which have already signed such agreements with EU. As yet Turkey has signed FTAs with 19 countries including Macedonia. It's expected from FTA's that raise awareness of partner countries about each other’s economic and commercial potentials. In this study a general overview will be made to emphasize the relationship between FTAs which Turkey has signed with other countries and increase in Turkey’s trade volume in the same period. Subsequently, with regarding the FTA and commercial relations with Macedonia, an assessment will be made by using the lists of countries imports and exports, based on Republic of Turkey Ministry of Economy statistics for the period of 2001-2012.
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Al-Obaidi, Abdullah Azhar, and Hany E. Z. Farag. "Electric Vehicles Optimal Scheduling for Peer-to-Peer Energy Trade and Ancillary Services Provision to the Grid." In 2020 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgm41954.2020.9281627.

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Karadjova, Vera, and Aleksandar Trajkov. "Basic Components and Indicators in Assessing Country Risk (Selected CEFTA Countries)." In Seventh International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2021.13.

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Country risk analysis has become extremely important in contem­porary conditions. This paper briefly discusses concepts, definitions, basic components, and some quantitative methods used to address various issues related to country risk in selected CEFTA countries. The paper also presents the indicative calculation of some of the elements and indicators for the selected countries, based on relevant available data, and in order to make a comparative analysis. Having in mind that country risk is a specific and complex macroeconomic risk, its determination and analysis is additionally complicated in terms of contemporary global changes. In fact, that is a risk of a country as a whole, its macroeconomic policy and economic balance or unbalance, political stability or instability of a country, political disturbances and democratic processes, political system and legal system, etc. Therefore, country risk involves several kinds of risks, such as political risk, economic risk, foreign payments risk, financial transfers risk, etc. Globally, all those risks can be divided in three biggest groups: risks of macroeconomic unbalance of the country; risks of the political instability of the country; and risks of the system of the country (system risks). Due to its complexity, the paper will elaborate and quantify some of the basic indicators related to country risk, mostly re­lated to trade exchange between selected countries in the CEFTA agreement. The procedures and methods of country risk analysis and measurement have similarities with those used for individual economic entities, but techniques for the country risk analysis are less developed and there was no generally accepted analysis method. The final assessment may be a combination of many external and internal models that are not mutually exclusive, and in that process can be analyzed a number of different factors that determine country risk. Among the factors that condition the country risk and that are necessary to be included in the analyses can be: country’s foreign-financial position; external debt; debt management; assessment of the natural re­sources; the degree of technique and technology development, industrializa­tion and automation of production, and so on. The paper will stress as most important indicators in assessing country risk: The Debt Service Ratio, Import ratio, Investment Ratio, Domestic Money Supply Growth, etc., which will be calculated using selected macro-economic data such as: GDP, GDP per capi­ta, Real GDP grow, Inflation (CPI), Fiscal balance (% of GDP), Current account balance (% of GDP), Public debt/GDP (%), External debt/Exports of goods & services (%), Debt-service ratio (%), Foreign exchange reserves, Foreign direct investments (% of GDP), Exchange rate etc. The methodology of collecting and processing information and the degree of reliability of collected data greatly depends on the promptness and accuracy of the national institutions that present those data. The goal of the paper is: to point out the importance of country risk assess­ment, to determine and compute the basic indicators of country risk in some of the Southeastern Europe countries, to determine conditions and trends of country risk in selected countries, and to suggest some strategies for its re­duction in conditions of the unstable environment and crisis disturbances.
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Potorac, Doina. "The role of DCFTA in the development of the national economy of the Republic of Moldova." In Simpozion stiintific al tinerilor cercetatori, editia 20. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/9789975359023.05.

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Moldova-EU free trade agreement implies gradual liberalization (up to 10 years from signing) of trade in goods and services, free movement of labor, reduction of customs duties, technical and non-tariff barriers, abolition of quantitative restrictions and harmonization of EU acquisitions. Thus, the DCFTA (Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area between the Republic of Moldova and the European Union) is part of the European Association Agreement and brings additional economic benefits to the Republic of Moldova.
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Ayodele, Emmanuel, Oshogwe Akpogomeh, Freda Amuah, and Gloria Maduabuchi. "African Continental Free Trade Agreement: the Pros and Cons on the Oil and Gas Industry in Nigeria." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207164-ms.

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Abstract Nigeria has oil and gas as her major source of revenue, accounting for more than 80% of her foreign exchange, with the AfCFTA, that has been signed and ratified not just by Nigeria but by other African countries taking away tariffs on goods and services produced across the continent irrespective of the market where it's been sold. The AfCFTA being the second largest free trade agreement in the history of World Trade Organization is aimed at uniting African markets. This paper aims to review the framework of the continental free trade agreement, it pros and cons, its grey area, and its impact on the Oil and Gas Industry in Nigeria. The impact of the agreement on the local industries servicing the oil and gas industry is considered as well. The paper reviews the possible advantage of the AfCFTA on the Nigerian oil and gas market. The possible threats to nationalization in the oil and gas industry due to the availability of cheap labour and technical expertise across the continent in the country is analyzed. Solutions to protect the oil and gas industry in Nigeria is recommended as well.
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Marin, Nikolay, and Mariya Paskaleva. "AN ANALYSIS OF THE EU’S INVESTMENT POLICY AFTER CETA: EFFECTS ON THE BULGARIAN ECONOMY." In 4th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2020 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2020.55.

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In this paper we analyze the changes of the EU’s investment policy provoked by the mixed trade agreements. The EU’s investment policy has turned towards attaining bilateral trade agreements. One of these “new-generation” agreements is the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA). It is in a process of being ratified by the national parliaments of the EU members. This study is focused on the general characteristics of CETA and the eventual problems posed by its regulatory and wide-ranging nature. We prove that the significance of this agreement pertains not only to the economic influence, that it will have on the European and Canadian economies, but CETA is also the first trade agreement to have been negotiated with a focus on investment protection and a change in the EU’s investment policy. The current study reveals the influence arising from the conclusion of CETA on the Bulgarian economy with an emphasis on electronic industry, machinery industry and manufacturing. We estimate both – the direct and indirect effects on Bulgaria’s exports, imports, value added and employment. In order to estimate the influence, we apply the multi-regional input-output model. It is proved that CETA will have a low but positive impact on the Bulgarian economy. After constructing different scenarios of development, we prove that the influence of CETA on the Bulgarian economy will amount to 0.010% GDP. The average total employment will be increased by more than 172 jobs in Bulgaria, which in turn, relative to the labor market, represents less than 0.01% of the total employment.
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Turovskaya, M. S., and P. A. Nikanorov. "HARMONIZATION PROBLEMS IN THE FIELD OF STANDARDIZATION AND TECHNICAL REGULATION." In MODELING AND SITUATIONAL MANAGEMENT THE QUALITY OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS. Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31799/978-5-8088-1558-2-2021-2-194-199.

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Technical regulation and standardization play major role in the development of both global economy and single countries. According to the researches including the research of the World Trade Organization, standardization and standards harmonization is important for economic development. Harmonization of standards and conformity assessment systems on international, regional and industry levels help to decrease foreign trade barriers, and supports development of trade, creation of global chains. In this article we will review some standardization and conformity assessment aspects that play important role for enterprises and economy in general as the instrument for establishing the requirements for products and services, it’s manufacturers and suppliers and clarify the influence on the development of trade relations.
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Reports on the topic "General Agreement on Trade in Services"

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Geloso Grosso, Massimo. Regulatory Principles for Environmental Services and the General Agreement on Trade in Services. Geneva, Switzerland: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/se_ip_20071201b.

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Brown, Kathy-Ann. Services Regulation in the Caribbean: Professional Services. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009160.

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CARIFORUM States have generally taken a cautious approach in adopting commitments under the Economic Partnership Agreement by having them reflect their World Trade Organization commitments, excluding sensitive subsectors, and inscribing broad horizontal reservations. This report assesses the regulatory framework for trade and investment in five areas - horizontal measures, information and communications technologies, transport services, professional services, and tourism services in Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago under the CARIFORUM - European Union Economic Partnership Agreement. The analysis concludes that of the five areas reviewed, adjustments are recommended principally to legislation covering information and communications technologies, professional services, and transport services.
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Brown, Kathy-Ann. Services Regulation in the Caribbean: Tourism Services. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009161.

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CARIFORUM States have generally taken a cautious approach in adopting commitments under the Economic Partnership Agreement by having them reflect their World Trade Organization commitments, excluding sensitive subsectors, and inscribing broad horizontal reservations. This report assesses the regulatory framework for trade and investment in five areas - horizontal measures, information and communications technologies, transport services, professional services, and tourism services in Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago under the CARIFORUM - European Union Economic Partnership Agreement. The analysis concludes that of the five areas reviewed, adjustments are recommended principally to legislation covering information and communications technologies, professional services, and transport services.
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Brown, Kathy-Ann. Services Regulation in the Caribbean: Transport Services. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009159.

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CARIFORUM States have generally taken a cautious approach in adopting commitments under the Economic Partnership Agreement by having them reflect their World Trade Organization commitments, excluding sensitive subsectors, and inscribing broad horizontal reservations. This report assesses the regulatory framework for trade and investment in five areas - horizontal measures, information and communications technologies, transport services, professional services, and tourism services in Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago under the CARIFORUM - European Union Economic Partnership Agreement. The analysis concludes that of the five areas reviewed, adjustments are recommended principally to legislation covering information and communications technologies, professional services, and transport services.
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Brown, Kathy-Ann. Services Regulation in the Caribbean: Summary Report. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009156.

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CARIFORUM States have generally taken a cautious approach in adopting commitments under the Economic Partnership Agreement by having them reflect their World Trade Organization commitments, excluding sensitive subsectors, and inscribing broad horizontal reservations. This report assesses the regulatory framework for trade and investment in five areas - horizontal measures, information and communications technologies, transport services, professional services, and tourism services in Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago under the CARIFORUM - European Union Economic Partnership Agreement. The analysis concludes that of the five areas reviewed, adjustments are recommended principally to legislation covering information and communications technologies, professional services, and transport services.
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Brown, Kathy-Ann. Services Regulation in the Caribbean: Horizontal Measures. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009157.

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CARIFORUM States have generally taken a cautious approach in adopting commitments under the Economic Partnership Agreement by having them reflect their World Trade Organization commitments, excluding sensitive subsectors, and inscribing broad horizontal reservations. This report assesses the regulatory framework for trade and investment in five areas - horizontal measures, information and communications technologies, transport services, professional services, and tourism services in Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago under the CARIFORUM - European Union Economic Partnership Agreement. The analysis concludes that of the five areas reviewed, adjustments are recommended principally to legislation covering information and communications technologies, professional services, and transport services.
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Brown, Kathy-Ann. Services Regulation in the Caribbean: Information and Communications Technology. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009158.

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CARIFORUM States have generally taken a cautious approach in adopting commitments under the Economic Partnership Agreement by having them reflect their World Trade Organization commitments, excluding sensitive subsectors, and inscribing broad horizontal reservations. This report assesses the regulatory framework for trade and investment in five areas - horizontal measures, information and communications technologies, transport services, professional services, and tourism services in Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago under the CARIFORUM - European Union Economic Partnership Agreement. The analysis concludes that of the five areas reviewed, adjustments are recommended principally to legislation covering information and communications technologies, professional services, and transport
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Walmsley, Terrie, S. Amer Ahmed, and Christopher Parsons. The Impact of Liberalizing Labour Mobility in the Pacific Region. GTAP Working Paper, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp31.

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Due to the lack of political consensus at the previous General Agreement on Trade on Services (GATS), negotiations on the temporary movement of natural persons (Mode 4) have stagnated. However the recent labour shortages in several labour intensive sectors, particularly agriculture, in Australia and New Zealand has recently provoked a serious debate over the implementation of policies that would facilitate the supply and employment of guest workers. This paper implements a CGE model of bilateral migration flows (GMig2) to quantify the benefits of liberalizing GATS Mode 4 in the Pacific region. The results indicate that an increase in the labour forces of Australia and New Zealand from elsewhere within the Pacific region would raise welfare in Australia and New Zealand. However, the results also demonstrate that while the Pacific Islands economies could gain substantially from the movement of unskilled workers, the loss of scarce skilled workers could lead to significant declines in the welfare of those remaining, which could offset the gains from the movement of unskilled labour. Agreements regarding the movement of unskilled labour could therefore potentially constitute significant development policies which warrant further attention from policy makers. Keywords: Applied general equilibrium modeling, Pacific, GATS Mode 4, labour mobility, skill, and welfare.
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Markusen, James, and Bridget Strand. Trade in Business Services in General Equilibrium. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12816.

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Sabala, Ethan, and Eric C. Davis. impact of Japan's trade agreements and safeguard renegotiation on U.S. access to Japan's beef market. Washington, D.C.: Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2023.8054019.ers.

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Since 2018, Japan has ratified trade agreements that generate both challenges and opportunities for U.S. beef exporters. Using the Global Trade Analysis Project model, USDA, Economic Research Service researchers estimate that after 10 years Japan's imports of beef products will have increased by 26.6 percent, and Japan's production of beef products will have decreased by 17.2 percent. U.S. beef export values to Japan are estimated to increase $413.8 million.
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