Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'General (0621)'
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Hayes, Everett C. "Differences in marital quality between full-time and bivocational pastors in the church of the Nazarene." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/3857.
Full textAtkinson, Quentin Douglas. "From species to languages : a phylogenetic approach to human prehistory." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/86.
Full textSonnentag, Tammy L. "Role of moral identity and moral courage characteristics in adolescents’ general and situation-specific expressions of the tendency to be a moral rebel." Diss., Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18162.
Full textDepartment of Psychological Sciences
Mark A. Barnett
The term “moral rebel” describes an individual who refuses to comply, stay silent, or conform to others when doing so would compromise his/her values (Monin, Sawyer, & Marquez, 2008). Preliminarily, this study examined the extent to which adolescents themselves, their peers, and their teachers agree in their ratings of adolescents’ general expressions of the tendency to be a moral rebel, tendencies to possess a moral identity (i.e., prioritize morality as an important part of identity), and tendencies to possess moral courage characteristics (i.e., qualities that motivate individuals to take action on their beliefs and values). As a theoretical and empirical extension of previous research (see Sonnentag & Barnett, 2013), the present study's primary purpose was to examine the interactive and independent roles of moral identity and moral courage characteristics in adolescents’ general and situation-specific (i.e., caring, just, and brave) expressions of the tendency to be a moral rebel. With regard to the interactive role of moral identity and moral courage characteristics, the present study examined (1) if relatively high levels of various general moral courage characteristics (i.e., Self-Esteem, [Low] Need to Belong, Self-Efficacy, Assertiveness, Social Vigilantism) encourage adolescents to act on their moral identities to display the general and situation-specific expressions of the tendency to be a moral rebel and (2) if relatively high levels of situation-specific moral courage characteristics (i.e., Empathic Concern, Justice Sensitivity, Willingness to Take Action in Physically Dangerous Situations) encourage adolescents to act on their moral identities to display the corresponding situation-specific (i.e., caring, just, and brave, respectively) expressions of the tendency to be a moral rebel. As predicted, results revealed significant positive correlations among the self-report, peer, and teacher ratings of adolescents' (1) general expressions of the tendency to be a moral rebel, (2) tendencies to possess a moral identity, and (3) tendencies to possess general moral courage characteristics. These significant positive inter-correlations emerged for the entire sample as well as for the male and female participants when they were considered separately. Contrary to prediction, moral identity (when considered independently and in combination with the general and situation-specific moral courage characteristics) did not consistently predict the general nor situation-specific expressions of the tendency to be a moral rebel. Furthermore, although the general moral courage characteristics did not consistently predict the adolescents’ caring, just, and brave expressions of the tendency to be a moral rebel, all of the indices of the adolescents' general moral courage characteristics (i.e., Self, Peer, and Teacher ratings; Self-Esteem, [Low] Need to Belong, Self-Efficacy, Assertiveness, Social Vigilantism) positively predicted the adolescents’ self-reported general tendency to be a moral rebel. Finally, two of the situation-specific moral courage characteristics (i.e., Empathic Concern and Willingness to Take Action in Physically Dangerous Situations) were found to be positively associated with the corresponding situation-specific (i.e., caring and brave, respectively) expressions of the tendency to be a moral rebel. The implications and limitations of the present findings, as well as directions for future research on the topic of moral rebelliousness in adolescents, are addressed
Olney, Adrienne. "Women's discovery of meaning and their HIV test results." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/650.
Full textMalone, LaToya D. "Individual differences and stress reactions as predictors of performance in pilot trainees." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4131.
Full textComer, Cheryl L. "The benefits of the task for the delivery of negative feedback." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/296.
Full textRaacke, John David. "Improving use of statistical information by jurors by reducing confusion of the inverse." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/112.
Full textMcManus, Jessica Lynn. "The effects of appearance and intellectual disability identification on perceptions of and affective and behavioral intentions toward individuals with intellectual disabilities." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/3649.
Full textDepartment of Psychology
Donald A. Saucier
Research has shown that attributions and behavioral reactions toward individuals may be based on their appearance; our studies examined how appearance-based assessments for individuals with intellectual disabilities (IDs) determined how others think and react toward a target individual. Two studies examined the effects of appearance and identification on perceptions (i.e., agentic and communal traits) and behavioral reactions (i.e, self-efficacy expectations, anxiety, willingness to interact) toward targets. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated that individuals with atypical appearances were rated higher on communal than agentic traits. Study 2 revealed that greater self-efficacy expectations and lower anxiety were associated with individuals with atypical appearances and individuals identified as having an ID. These studies increase understanding of perceiver-focused and target-focused factors related to bias toward individuals with IDs.
Thorne, David R. "Father absence and its effect on young adults' choices of cohabitation, marriage and divorce." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1449.
Full textMcDaniel, Kara Z. "Using the right tool for the right situation : tailoring remediation plans for problem trainees within accredited marriage and family therapy programs." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/399.
Full textLundstrom, Joel Thomas. "A new use of frame-of-reference training : improving reviewers' inferences from biodata information." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/444.
Full textSanders-Hahs, Erin M. "The impact of hate crime trauma on gay and lesbian interpersonal relationships." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1050.
Full textKnyshev, Elena A. "The role of working memory and idiom compositionality in idiom comprehension." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20479.
Full textPsychological Sciences
Richard J. Harris
Figurative language use is not limited to poetry or literature but is a ubiquitous part of speech. Studies that looked at figurative language comprehension have shown that some cognitive mechanisms, such as working memory, may be involved in figurative language comprehension. For example, individuals with high working memory span tend to produce deeper metaphor interpretations. The current work was interested in how working memory is involved in a particular figure of speech comprehension: idioms. An idiom is a phrase whose meaning cannot be simply deduced from the literal meanings of the words that comprise that idiom. Idioms can vary according to their compositionality, which refers to the extent with which meanings of the idiom constituents provide cues for the idiom's idiomatic meaning. A number of researchers agreed upon certain idioms being decomposable and other idioms being fixed. The two different types were used in the Main Study. Models of idiom comprehension also vary from traditional "lexical look-up" models that consider idioms as multi-word lexical units stored as such in speakers' mental lexicons to "nonlexical" models, such as the Configuration Hypothesis, that states that an idiom as a whole does not have a separate lexical representation in the mental lexicon. Both models are considered in this work. Finally, understanding idiomatic expressions may require inhibiting irrelevant literal information. For example, literal meanings of the words dogs and cats in an idiom it is raining cats and dogs have to be inhibited in order to gather the figurative meaning of the expression. Thus, the main objective of the current work was to assess the role of working memory in idiom comprehension, as well as to explore whether idiom compositionality had an effect on how fast idioms were interpreted, while also considering implications for the two main models of idiom comprehension. A Preliminary Study narrowed down the list of idioms to the 26 that were used in the Main study, ensuring that both types of idioms did not differ in familiarity or length. The Main Study consisted of four tasks: working memory (Operation span task), inhibition (reading with distractions), idiom comprehension, and familiarity. Seventy-three general psychology students participated in the Main Study. The data were analyzed by several regression analyses and t-tests. The main finding was that there seems to be a difference in a way the two accepted types of idioms are interpreted: fixed idioms were interpreted faster than decomposable idioms. This is consistent with the lexical lookup hypothesis but only for fixed idioms and suggests that readers may not have to analyze the literal word meanings of fixed idioms when interpreting them, thus making their interpretation faster, since retrieving is faster than computing. Neither familiarity nor idiom length could account for this difference. On the other hand, neither operation span nor the number of critical errors committed by participants on the inhibition task predicted how long it took participants to interpret either type of idioms. Several possible explanations for such results are discussed, as well as the limitations and future directions.
Raddatz, Kimberly R. "Deriving pilots’ knowledge structures for weather information: an evaluation of elicitation techniques." Diss., Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8546.
Full textDepartment of Psychology
Richard J. Harris
Systems that support or require human interaction are generally easier to learn, use, and remember when their organization is consistent with the user’s knowledge and experiences (Norman, 1983; Roske-Hofstrand & Paap, 1986). Thus, in order for interface designers to truly design for the user, they must first have a way of deriving a representation of what the user knows about the domain of interest. The current study evaluated three techniques for eliciting knowledge structures for how General Aviation pilots think about weather information. Weather was chosen because of its varying implications for pilots of different levels of experience. Two elicitation techniques (Relationship Judgment and Card Sort) asked pilots to explicitly consider the relationship between 15 weather-related information concepts. The third technique, Prime Recognition Task, used response times and priming to implicitly reflect the strength of relationship between concepts in semantic memory. Techniques were evaluated in terms of pilot performance, conceptual structure validity, and required resources for employment. Validity was assessed in terms of the extent to which each technique identified differences in organization of weather information among pilots of different experience levels. Multidimensional scaling was used to transform proximity data collected by each technique into conceptual structures representing the relationship between concepts. Results indicated that Card Sort was the technique that most consistently tapped into knowledge structure affected by experience. Only conceptual structures based on Card Sort data were able to be used to both discriminate between pilots of different experience levels and accurately classify experienced pilots as “experienced”. Additionally, Card Sort was the most efficient and effective technique to employ in terms of preparation time, time on task, flexibility, and face validity. The Card Sort provided opportunities for deliberation, revision, and visual feedback that allowed the pilots to engage in a deeper level of processing at which experience may play a stronger role. Relationship Judgment and Prime Recognition Task characteristics (e.g., time pressure, independent judgments) may have motivated pilots to rely on a more shallow or text-based level of processing (i.e., general semantic meaning) that is less affected by experience. Implications for menu structure design and assessment are discussed.
Rarick, Timothy Michael. "Importance of perceived adulthood and goal pursuit in emerging adult college students." Diss., Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13131.
Full textDepartment of Family Studies and Human Services
Rick J. Scheidt
Previous research has discovered that most 18-to-25 year olds do not feel they have reached the rite of passage known as adulthood. This period of development, termed “emerging adulthood”, is characterized by identity exploration and myriad possibilities related to who one is and what one wants out of life. Empirical evidence suggests that future goals linked to one’s identity are more likely to be obtained through three actions specified in the Selection-Optimization-Compensation (S.O.C.) model: selecting goals to focus one’s resources, optimizing goal-relevant means, and, when necessary, compensating for losses that may occur in these means. The purpose of this study was (a) to identify the proportions of 18-to-25 year old perceived adults vs. emerging adults in a university sample (n = 828); (b) to assess the degree to which self-reported perceived adult status distinguishes self-reports of achieved adult criteria, goal-pursuit strategies, and subjective well-being, and; (c) to determine the predictive utility of perceived adult status, background characteristics, and goal-pursuit strategies for understanding individual differences in life satisfaction, positive affect (i.e., subjective vitality), and negative affect (i.e., depressive symptoms). Analyses of on-line survey responses indicated that approximately one-fourth (24%) of participants reported they had reached adulthood, and, compared to their emerging adult peers, had achieved more criteria for adulthood and were using more effective goal-pursuit strategies. Step-wise multiple regression analyses revealed that specific background characteristics (e.g., relationship status and GPA) and goal-pursuit strategies (e.g., optimization) were significant and strongest predictors of the participants’ life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect. Perceived adult status was a significant moderate predictor of both life satisfaction and positive affect but was unrelated to negative affect. Implications of the findings for developmental researchers, educators, and practitioners are discussed.
McNeil, Sallman Cyndi. "Play therapy : an overview and marketing plan." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/363.
Full textLugo, Cheryl A. "Ethical and clinical implications for the field of marriage and family therapy regarding LGBTQI therapeutic approaches." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/3905.
Full textDaniels, Katherine Jean. "Couples' construction of meaning of an Alzheimer's disease diagnosis : a systemic approach." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1057.
Full textZavala, Egbert. "Nonphysical intimate partner violence : emotional abuse and controlling behavior against women." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/440.
Full textRitchie, Tiffany L. "The loss of a dream : parents raising an autistic child." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1231.
Full textAguilar, R. Daniel E. "Mexican immigrants in meatpacking areas of Kansas: transition and acquisition of cultural capital." Diss., Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/694.
Full textDepartment of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work
Gerad D. Middendorf
A number of cities in Kansas have experienced rapid growth in Hispanic population during the last twenty five years, due to immigration related in particular to the development of the meatpacking industry in the region. Garden City, Dodge City, and Liberal in southwest Kansas and Emporia in eastern Kansas have undergone significant transformation due to the influx of immigrants, the large majority of whom are of Mexican background. The present research approaches these immigrants from a sociological perspective, observing their cultural characteristics in order to understand who they are, and the process they face when adapting to the receiving environment, as a process of acquisition of cultural capital (Bourdieu 1977). This study focuses on the elements from Midwestern culture that are adopted and adapted, as well as the elements from the immigrants' cultural backgrounds that are softened or modified in order to fit within the receiving environment. The study examines these processes, from the theoretical perspective modeled by Pierre Bourdieu, as an attempt to develop an interpretive and comprehensive approach of immigrant experiences.
Zavala, Egbert. "¡Haciendo travesuras con vatos locos como yo! A low-self control approach to gang violence, gang membership, and criminal offending--violent victimization among gang members." Diss., Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/7008.
Full textDepartment of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work
W. Richard Goe
Criminologists have traditionally studied criminal offending and violent victimization separately. Extant studies, however, demonstrates that criminals and victims overlap to some degree, hinting that a common underlying trait explains both criminal offending and violent victimization. This study tests whether Gottfredson and Hirschi’s self-control theory explains the overlap in criminal offending and violent victimization exposure among gang members. Using cross-sectional survey data from the Evaluation of the Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) Program in the United States, 1995-1999, results from the regression models show that low self-control is to some degree correlated with criminal offending and violent victimization. Gang members were more likely than non-gang members to participate in some forms of criminal activities, but they were not more likely to be victimized. When variables stemming from social learning and social bonding are included in the regression models, results show that associating with delinquent peers had the strongest effect in predicting criminal offending, contradicting Gottfredson and Hirschi’s claim that self-control is the only cause of criminal behavior. In concert with previous studies that have found a link between low self-control and violent victimization, results show that youths with low self-control were somewhat more likely than youths with higher self-control to report being victimized. The results of the study, as well as venues for future research, are discussed.
Hawley, Charles William. "Broke at the buffet : food insecurity in America." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1676.
Full textCarter, Eric Michael. "Failing at success: a Durkheimian analysis of anomie and deviant behavior among national football league players." Diss., Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/223.
Full textDepartment of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work
Robert K. Schaeffer
This exploratory research project has utilized a mixed-method (Seiber 1973; Creswell 1994, 2005; Jick 1979; Dexter 1970) approach to examine why some NFL players participate in deviant, and sometimes law breaking, behavior and others do not. Using Dexter’s (1970) qualitative technique of elite and specialized interviewing along with Schatzman’s and Strauss’s (1973) naturalistic field method, access was gained into an exclusive group of current and former NFL players. The qualitative findings in conjunction with Durkheimian theory provided the conceptualization of a quantitative instrument. Through a nonprobability snowball sample (Babbie 1986; Berg 2001), 104 NFL players were interviewed. A series of quantitative analyses were run to describe and assess relationships within this study group. In essence, this study has entailed a series of steps that could be represented as a cumulative progression. From the qualitative data, the three core themes that emerged were (1) deviance, (2) anomie, and (3) social ties. Within the study group, a substantial number of players had prior experience with deviant and illegal behaviors. Many reported problems coping upon entering the NFL and sought to find personal fulfillment and happiness despite wealth and fame. It appeared that some level of anomie was present in a number of these players’ lives. However, players that had strong ties to various social groups appeared less likely to succumb to anomie and deviance. Supporting the qualitative data, the quantitative findings revealed that anomie was one of the significant predictors of law breaking players. It would therefore appear reasonable to suggest that some of the players were involved in behaviors that could be labeled anomic deviance. Furthermore, the findings supported the primacy of social ties/support in combating anomie and deviance in the lives of NFL players in the study group.
Rizzo, Dorrie. "Classifying medication use in clinical research." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5140.
Full textMedication use data is usually collected in clinical research. Yet, no standardized method for categorizing these exists, either for sample description or for the study of medication use as a variable. The present investigation was designed to develop a simple, empirically based classification scheme for medication use categorization. We used factor analysis to reduce the number of possible medication groupings. This permitted a pattern of medication usage to emerge which appeared to characterize specific clinical constellations. To illustrate the technique’s potential, we applied this classification system to samples where sleep disorders are prominent: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Sleep Apnea. Our classification approach resulted in 5 factors that appear to cohere in a logical fashion. These were labeled: Cardiovascular / Metabolic Syndrome Medication, Symptom Relief Medication, Psychotropic Medication, Preventative Medication, and Hormonal Medication. Our findings show that medication profile varies according to clinical sample. The medication profile for participants with Sleep Apnea reflects known comorbid conditions; the medication profile associated with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome appears to reflect the common perception of this condition as a psychogenic disorder.
Lacourse, Éric. "Aliénation, musique heavy metal et risque suicidaire chez les adolescents." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25300.
Full textL'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'explorer les liens existant entre la préférence pour la musique heavy metal et le risque suicidaire chez les adolescents québécois à la lumière des théories récentes sur l'aliénation (Arnett, 1996; Roe, 1995). Deux études furent réalisées afin de répondre à ces objectifs. Les deux études ont été réalisées auprès d'un même échantillon provenant d'une école de la région de Montréal. Cet échantillon est constitué de 275 adolescents âgés entre 14 et 18 ans issus d'un milieu socio-économique moyen. Les deux articles traitent de variables et de sujets différents bien qu'ils partagent une épistémologie et un contexte théorique communs. Le premier article examine la validité du construit et la validité concomitante du concept d'aliénation. Le deuxième article explore les liens existant entre la préférence musicale pour la musique heavy metal et le risque suicidaire. Les résultats du premier article démontrent que les items associés à l'ensemble de l'échelle peuvent être modélisés à partir de deux facteurs corrélés de second ordre; ces facteurs ont été nommés a posteriori Aliénation et Anomie. Les dimensions de premier ordre représentant l'Aliénation sont l'aliénation de soi/impuissance et l'isolement social, celles représentant l'Anomie sont l'absence de normes et l'absence de sens. On a constaté que l'Aliénation était plutôt associée à des comportements intériorisés (détresse psychologique et risque suicidaire) alors que l'Anomie était plus associée à des comportements extériorisés (consommation de drogues). Les résultats du deuxième article indiquent la présence d'un lien entre la préférence musicale pour le heavy metal et le risque suicidaire chez les filles, mais cette association devient non significative lorsque l'on considère d-autres facteurs de risque des comportements suicidaires. Cette étude démontre également qu'il existe des liens entre la vénération musicale, l'écoute cathartique et les facteurs de risque des comportements suicidaires. Malgré ces associations positives avec certains facteurs de risque, l'écoute cathartique de la musique est associée négativement au risque suicidaire lorsque l'on considère l'ensemble des facteurs de risque dans un modèle de régression.
Spada-Rinaldis, Sophia. "Aspects de la personalité chez les Inuit : une étude normative." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8791.
Full textAboriginal people are overrepresented in the Canadian judicial system. It has been noted that individuals having survived colonization sometimes develop acculturative stress, whose effects manifest themselves on the physical, psychological and social levels (Berry and Annis, 1974). An increase in dysfunctional and violent conduct is one of the specific consequences of acculturative stress (Kirmayer, Corin, Corriveau, & Fletcher, 1993). According to authors having studied crime in the Aboriginal population, static factors seem to be similar for non-Aboriginal and Aboriginal criminals, but are more intensely present in the latter group. Furthermore, the same etiological factors have been identified to explain crime in these two groups. Among these, the presence of antisocial personality traits seems to be the most predictive of future criminal behavior. In this study, the Childhood Adolescent Taxon Scale was completed for 95 Inuit men living in different communities in Nunavut. This scale allows for the detection of the second psychopathic taxon identified by Harpur, Hare and Hakstian (1989), which is mostly induced by environmental circumstances. The results of this study demonstrate that the prevalence rate of secondary psychopathy is higher in the Aboriginal population when compared to general Canadian statistics. These results highlight the destructive consequences of modern day life as it is in Aboriginal communities (as was imposed during colonization) and can help identify targets for future interventions.
Martin, Jessica. "Évaluation formative d'ateliers visant à soutenir les parents immigrants dans l'adaptation de leur rôle parental." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22221.
Full textChabot, Julia. "Study on the effects of music on the health of geriatric inpatients." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20331.
Full textThermidor, Ghitza. "Programme d’intervention pour les parents d’enfants autistes âgés de 2 à 6 ans." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6868.
Full textOver the years, several programs of intervention were built, in order to meet the particular needs of autistic children. An important component of these interventions should be the parent-mediated treatment; this guidance made it possible for the parents to feel more qualified and the children were able to generalize their gains throughout their daily living. The purpose of this program was to evaluate an intervention for the parents of autistic children. During the study the parents received knowledge of the characteristics of their child. They took part in specific activities that taught them to be more responsive to the needs of their child. The quasi-experimental design with pre and a post test with a non-equivalent control group was used to evaluate the effects of this program. The sample for this study consists of 14 families. They were distributed into groups according to their arrival in the program. The parents and the children of the experimental group took part in an individual weekly session during five weeks. The parents and the children, from the two groups showed a significant improvement or a tendency to improve at the time of the post test. This improvement was not significantly different between the two groups as there were several non-controlled variables that can explain these results. The results are promising enough to encourage the continuation of this study.
Fouda, Yannick. "Effet de stress et compagnie, programme web de prévention du stress chronique, sur le stress et la santé psychologique des intervenants." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13668.
Full textOccupational stress is a major risk factor of trajectories leading to diseases (Taylor, Repetti, & Seeman, 1997) such as psychosomatic disorders, anxiety, depression and burnout. Moreover, health professionals and social workers seem to be more at risk of chronic stress and associated health problems (Felton, 1998). This seems due to the fact that they are at high risk of being stressed more often, emotionally exhausted and feeling devalued (Evans & al., 2006). In the same line of thought, workers of the Montréal-Centre Jeunesse – Institut universitaire (CJM-IU) represent a particularly vulnerable population. The main goal of this study is to test the implementation and effectiveness of the “Stress et Compagnie” program on chronic stress and associated mental health dimensions (anxiety, depression, burnout) in a sample of the population of CJM-IU workers. The hypothesis measured is that exposure to the program will effectively reduce the level of stress hormones, perceived stress levels, anxiety levels, depression and burnout in workers of the CJM-IU. “Stress et Compagnie”, developed by the Centre for Studies on Human Stress from the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, is based on recent discoveries in psychoneuroendocrinology. A quasi-experimental design was used with a control and experimental groups. The measures took place one week before the program, one week after and the last one-month later. Results show that the program tend to reduce chronic stress among the health professionals that haven't been exposed to a potential traumatic event in the last year.
Zavaglia, Elissa. "Étude de l’effet d’interaction entre l’âge, le sexe, et les problèmes anxieux ou les comportements perturbateurs associés à la dépression, chez les adolescents de 12 à 15 ans." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16206.
Full textThere is a lack of research on concurrent comorbidity between mental health problems and depression in youth aged 12-15 years based on adolescent-reports. The objective of this study is to assess the presence of this type of comorbidity and its variation across age and sex subgroups. Secondary analyses were conducted to examine the associations between four mental health problems (specific phobia (SPh), generalized anxiety (GAD), oppositional (ODD) and conduct disorders (CD) and depression, as well as interaction effects with age-groups (12-13 years; 14-15 years) and sex. Mental health problems were measured by the Dominic Interactive for Adolescents (DIA), a highly structured computerized self-report measure. Multivariate logistic regression models were built separately in clinical (n=141) and school (n=464) samples of French-speaking adolescents. There was a significant interaction effect in the clinical sample suggesting that girls were 3 times more likely to present comorbidity between SPh and depression compared to boys. Multivariate models revealed that for other patterns of comorbidity, there was no significant variation of comorbidity across age or sex subgroups. In both samples, global comorbidity was found for GAD, CD, or ODD and depression. Findings highlighted an important comorbidity between anxiety or disruptive problems and depression regardless of age and sex. Measuring the perception of these problems by adolescents aged 12-15 years using the DIA represents an original contribution. It suggests that clinical evaluation of comorbidity should take into account adolescent-reports.
Provost, Mélanie A. "The prevalence of congenital amusia." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8991.
Full textCongenital amusia is a heritable disorder in which subjects fail to acquire basic musical abilities, such as normal music perception and music-recognition abilities, despite normal hearing, normal language abilities, and normal intelligence (Ayotte, Peretz & Hyde, 2002). Recently, a family-aggregation study showed that 39% of first-degree relatives in amusic families express the disorder, compared to 3% in control families (Peretz et al., 2007). This latter finding is interesting in that it illustrates a prevalence of the disorder in non-amusic families. Kalmus and Fry (1980) evaluated the prevalence of congenital amusia at 4%, using the Distorted Tunes Test (DTT). However, this test presents some methodological and statistical problems, such as a strong ceiling effect, as well as the use of folkloric tunes, which disadvantages the amusic participants since they cannot assimilate these melodies correctly. The present study aimed at re-evaluating the presence of congenital amusia, using a recently validated online test by Peretz and colleagues (2008). One thousand one hundred participants, from a homogeneous sample, completed the online test. Results showed a global prevalence of 11.6%, with four distinct patterns of performance emerging: pitch deafness (1.5%), pitch memory amusia (3.2%), pitch perception amusia (3.3%), and beat deafness (3.3%). The variability in the results obtained with the online test brings evidence of at least four types of amusias with individual prevalences, indicating a heterogeneity in congenital amusia that needs to be further explored in later studies.
Dubé, Virginie. "La violence constituante." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10441.
Full textIn the context of this paper, we try to contribute to the understanding of the processes that govern the relationship between the parent and the infant, by focusing more specifically on the primacy of the other as a necessary component of the child’s psyche, as understood in psychoanalysis. Knowing that the child development depends greatly on the quality of the mental and physical care they receive, we try nonetheless to show how the parent-child relationship must still take the form of a « violence ». We base our analysis on the theories developed by Piera Aulagnier and Jean Laplanche. Using the concepts of primary and secondary violence developed by Aulagnier and the notions of « implantation » and « intromission » theorized by Laplanche, we try to define and identify how and in what forms the violence that takes place in the mother-infans relationship brands the psychic development of the latter. Through the comparative analysis of these theories, we will try to see the differences and agreements between the thought of these two authors in order to get a richer understanding of the phenomenon of violence.
Tranchant, Pauline. "Beat deafness: développement d'un outil de dépistage et nouveaux cas." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10442.
Full textBeat deafness is a form of congenital amusia related to time that has been documented through a single case very recently (Phillips-Silver et al., 2011). The main goal of this study was to identify new cases. Toward this goal, we screened for deficits in beat perception and synchronization in a sample of 100 healthy university students. We assessed perception, first with an on-line test in which participants had to detect perturbations in metric structure, then with a task in which participants had to judge whether short piano pieces were marches (binary metrical structure) or waltzes (ternary metrical structure). We assessed synchronization with a finger tapping task in which participants had to tap to the strong beats of the same marches and waltzes. Four participants showed a parallel impairment in both perception and synchronization assessments and are therefore considered as new beat-deaf cases.
Gagné, Julie. "L'association entre la psychopathie et les pratiques parentales dans une population non criminelle." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3882.
Full textThe goal of the present thesis was to evaluate the associations between parental psychopathy and parenting methods. A total of sixty-five French parents, male or female, having at least one child between the ages of 6 and 10 year old, participated in the study. Parents were met at home, at their child’s school or in a community center. Parental psychopathy was measured by the Self Report Psychopathy Scale R12-III (Paulhus, Hemphill & Hare, sous presse) that had been translated into French for the purpose of the study. The French version of Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (Pauzé & al., 2004) was used to assess positive reinforcement, lack of parental monitoring, parental involvement, consistency in applying discipline and corporal punishment. Social desirability was assessed using the French version of the short form of the Marlowe-Crowe (Crowe-Marlowe, 1960) scale (Bergeron, Valla & Breton, 1992). Regressions between psychopathy and parenting practices were used to explore the associations. Multiple regressions were used to examine if one of the four psychopathy factors could predict educational methods. Psychopathy was negatively associated with positive reinforcement and involvement. Psychopathy was related positively with corporal punishment. Of the four factors of psychopathy, the interpersonal dimension accounted for a significant explanation of positive reinforcement. The antisocial factor account for a significant incremental of the involvement variance after social desirability was controlled. Life style seemed to explain a significant account of corporal punishment. The results suggested that it would be important to take action as early as possible towards the parent and the child to prevent the transmission of less effective parenting methods and psychopathic traits in the future generations. Suggestions of interventions were made and the strengths and limitations of the study were discussed.
Apinis-Deshaies, Amélie. "La relation entre la passion, le burnout et les stratégies de coping chez les étudiants-athlètes." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10574.
Full textObjective: The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the type of passion athletes have towards their sport and the coping strategies they use. Another objective is to study if coping strategies have a mediating role in the relationship between passion and burnout. Finally, this study will investigate the interaction between passion and burnout in sport. The specific objectives will be studied by four research questions. (1) Do harmoniously passionate and obsessively passionate athletes use different coping strategies? (2) Is there a difference between harmonious and obsessive athletes in the burnout symptoms they express? (3) Are there any differences between athletes using avoidance coping strategies and athletes using task-focused coping in the burnout symptoms they express? (4) Do obsessively passionate athletes using avoidance focused coping strategies will express more burnout symptoms than any other group? Method: The sample of this study is composed of 74 students-athletes competing on the university level. Results: (1) Harmoniously passionate athletes use more effort expenditure and thought control than obsessively passionate athletes (2) Obsessively passionate athletes use more disengagement than harmoniously passionate athletes. (4) Obsessively passionate athletes express more burnout symptom of exhaustion than harmonious athletes. (5) The results failed to support the hypothesis 3 and 4.
Kaiser, Ramona. "Auditory frequency processing during wakefulness and sleep." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21159.
Full textReigner, Anne. "Évaluation de la mise en oeuvre et des processus du programme Blues, un programme de prévention indiquée de la dépression, dans trois écoles secondaires montréalaises." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22728.
Full textPorfilio-Mathieu, Lyann. "Étude descriptive des types de symptômes psychologiques et leurs déterminants présents dans une population indigente du Burkina Faso." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23821.
Full textAu Burkina Faso, les informations sanitaires sur l’état de santé mentale des indigents vivant en région rurale est presque inexistante. Ce manque de données probantes a des impacts négatifs sur les services offerts dans ce domaine et ce, particulièrement sur les groupes vulnérables. Objectifs : Parmi une population indigente vivant en région rurale au Burkina Faso, le but de cette recherche est d’évaluer la prévalence de trois types de symptômes de santé mentale, soit les symptômes anxiodépressifs, somatiques et psychotiques. Ensuite, les déterminants individuels, physiques et psychologiques reliés à chaque type de symptômes seront identifiés. Méthode : Au cours d’entrevues guidées par des enquêteurs formés, les indigents (n = 1314) provenant de quatre districts sanitaires ont rempli un questionnaire qui évaluait leur état de santé physique et mentale. Des données sociodémographiques ont également été recueillies lors de ces entrevues. Résultats : Les symptômes se regroupent sous trois types distincts : anxiodépressifs, somatiques et psychotiques. Un total de 1234 (n = 93,9%) participants ont répondu avoir ressenti au moins un symptôme anxiodépressif dans le dernier mois. Les déterminants liés à ce type de symptômes sont les suivants : le district sanitaire, l’âge, l’état de santé, le besoin en nourriture, un événement dramatique survenu dans la dernière année, le fonctionnement global, le sentiment d’exclusion, les symptômes somatiques et les comportements stigmatisés. Au moins un symptôme somatique a été ressenti dans le dernier mois par 1087 (n = 82,7%) répondants. Ce type de symptômes est en lien avec les déterminants suivants : le district sanitaire, la cohabitation, un problème de santé, l’état de santé perçu, le manque de moyens financiers pour obtenir des soins de santé, le fonctionnement global, le sentiment d’exclusion et les comportements stigmatisés. Finalement, 256 (n = 19,5%) indigents ont répondu avoir vécu au moins un symptôme psychotique au cours de leur vie. Les déterminants en lien avec ces symptômes sont ceux-ci : le district sanitaire, le sentiment d’exclusion et les comportements stigmatisés. Conclusion : Les résultats montrent que la prévalence de symptômes de troubles de santé mentale est élevée chez les indigents interrogés et que ceux-ci se sentent exclus de leur communauté. Pour assurer l’équité d’accès aux soins de santé, les indigents atteints de symptômes de santé mentale doivent bénéficier d’un processus spécifique de prise en charge. Cette problématique doit être encadrée par des politiques de santé et des ressources sont nécessaires pour répondre au besoin présent dans cette population.
Nedelcu, Alexandra. "Bases génétiques de l'amusie congénitale : une étude de jumeaux." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8584.
Full textMusic is an important part of every known culture, and its universality raises the question of a possible biological basis. Musical disorders, such as congenital amusia, offer compelling insight into these roots. In order to examine the genetic basis of this phenotype, we used a classical twin study paradigm. Our study had two main goals: (a) investigate if identical (monozygotic; MZ) co-twins perform more similarly on auditory and musical tasks than non-identical (dizygotic; DZ) co-twins and (b) explore the twins’ musical environments in order to better understand the contribution of environmental versus genetic factors in the differences underlying musical abilities. In addition, we sought to replicate previous investigations that demonstrated impaired pitch processing but intact rhythm perception in amusic participants. To do so, we tested eight pairs of MZ and six pairs of DZ twins in which at least one of the co-twins was potentially amusic. Participants completed an online amusia test, a pitch detection task and a singing task. We observed no performance or musical environment differences between MZ and DZ twins, suggesting that musical abilities might be more influenced by the twins’ shared environment than by genetic factors. In addition, and as reported in previous studies, amusics made pitch processing errors in both perception and production, but rhythmic perception was preserved. Future studies, particularly those with access to larger twin samples, will be able to further elucidate the roles of environmental and genetic factors in the amusic phenotype.
Meeschaert, Amélie. "Inattention et diplomation : le rôle protecteur du sport durant l'adolescence." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8435.
Full textAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental health issue that many youths have to deal with. It is of great concern as many authors report a link between ADHD and academic problems. It has been shown that inattention levels contribute more to academic problems than hyperactivity levels per se. On the other hand, the results of few studies suggest that sport activities could influence the link between inattention and academic problems. The aims of this study was to investigate the link between inattention at the end of childhood and high school graduation and to examine the hypothesis that sport activities during adolescence could moderate that relation. To this end, 1043 youths were followed from 6 to 23 years old, as part of the Montreal longitudinal and experimental stud. Binary logistic regression analysis was conduct to test the proposed hypotheses. The results indicate a strong association between inattention and high school graduation. This relation remained statistically significant after controlling for associated problems (hyperactivity, internalized symptoms), I.Q., and familial adversity. The relation inattention-high school graduation was not moderated by sport activities, however. This study emphasizes the importance of implementing measures that could help youths with inattention problems achieving academic success.
Massé, Marjolaine. "The role of metacognitive profiles in social functioning and social network evolution in schizophrenia." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20775.
Full textImbeault, Arianne. "Associations entre les habitudes de vie et les problèmes intériorisés à l’enfance : une analyse de profils latents." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24382.
Full textContext. According to the 24-Hour Movement guidelines adopted by the government of Canada, a balanced lifestyle regarding physical activity, screen time, and sleep is essential for a better physical and psychological health. Many children do not follow these guidelines. The adoption of an unhealthy lifestyle in childhood is prospectively linked, among other things, to internalizing problems such as depressive symptoms and anxiety. Conversely, internalizing problems are also prospectively associated with an unhealthy lifestyle in childhood. Very few studies have examined the specific effects of physical activity, screen time, and sleep when modelled jointly. In addition, very few longitudinal studies have examined the links between internalizing problems and lifestyle in childhood. Objectives. (1) To identify lifestyle profiles at 10 years old using indicators of physical activity, screen time, and sleep. (2) To examine the association between internalizing problems (depressive symptoms and anxiety) at 8 years old and lifestyle profiles membership at 10 years old. (3) To compare children according to profile membership in order to examine the differences in terms of internalizing problems at 12 years old. Method. Data are from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. The sample used to derive lifestyle profiles at age 10 included 1334 children. Physical activity, screen time and sleep were reported by mothers. Internalizing problems at age 8 were reported by mothers and teachers, then by children at age 12. All data were collected by questionnaires. The profiles have been derived empirically by a latent profile analysis. Multinomial logistic regressions and covariance analysis were conducted to test the associations between internalizing problems and profiles. Results. Four lifestyle profiles at age 10 were found among our sample: (1) Balanced lifestyle (43 %), (2) Average lifestyle (38 %), Inactive lifestyle (15 %), and Very inactive lifestyle (4 %). Internalizing problems at age 8 did not predict profile membership, whereas, children in the Very inactive lifestyle profile had significantly more depressive symptoms at age 12 compared to children in the Balanced lifestyle. Implications. In line with our hypothesis, children with an inactive lifestyle in childhood are at risk of elevated depressive symptoms in early adolescence. Therefore, governmental programs such as the 24-Hour Movement which aim to increase the levels of physical activity and decrease screen time in youth are beneficial for their psychological well-being. Furthermore, a physical activity component should be added to programs that aim to reduce depressive symptoms in youth.
Brenner, Karène. "Les manifestations subtiles du stress dans le continuum de la psychose." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3762.
Full textABSTRACT The aetiology of schizophrenia seems to be complex and the Vulnerability-Stress model (Nuechterlein & Dawson, 1984) proposes that genetic vulnerability factors, in conjunction with a particular history of environmental stress, would act together to drive the individual into a clinical state of psychosis. The principal objective of this thesis is to better understand the physiological reaction to a psychological stressor in people with schizophrenia, while conceptualizing psychotic symptoms along a continuum, rather than as a restrictive dichotomy. In order to distinguish between schizophrenia patients and controls from the general community, beyond the severity of their psychotic symptoms, they are compared on their stress reaction, and the phenomenon of critical threshold is explored within the cortisol reaction for its ability to distinguish between the two groups. The first study of this thesis (Brenner et al., 2007) examines the reliability, validity and factor structure of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) (Stefanis et al., 2002), with a French and English speaking sample form the north American population, a 42-item self-report questionnaire assessing psychotic-like symptoms in the general community: positive (or psychotic), negative (or vegetative) and depressive symptoms. This questionnaire was completed by 2 275 individuals from the Montreal area and the results support the internal consistencies of the original three subscales. Further, the exploratory factor analysis suggests 3-5 factor solutions, where the 4- and 5-factor solutions propose separating the positive symptoms into more specific subcategories. Finally, this study suggests a shorter version of the CAPE with 23 items, representing the same three original scales. These results support the existence of the continuum of psychosis, in which variation of psychotic symptoms can be found in the clinical population as well as in the general community. The second study of this thesis (Brenner et al., 2009) examines the extent to which cortisol reaction to a psychosocial stress test, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) (Kirschbaum et al., 1993), can discriminate between controls and schizophrenia patients while controlling for important variables. A group of 30 schizophrenia patients and a group of 30 individuals from the general community, recruited from the first study of this thesis, participated in this study designed as a case-control experiment. The control group includes people with subclinical symptoms, and an overlap in the severity of psychotic symptoms exists between the two groups. Following the stressor, both groups have significant increases in heart rate and mean arterial pressure. However, their cortisol responses diverge, with schizophrenia patients exhibiting a smaller response than the controls, but with statistically significant group differences at only one time point, immediately after the stressor. These significant results are obtained after controlling for the severity of positive symptoms, which is a discriminating factor between the two groups. The level of cortisol measured immediately after the stressor is actually a marker of the critical threshold capable of discriminating between the groups. Cortisol levels in patients have a tendency to peak later than that of the controls. As a general conclusion, the two groups’ reactions to stress are another way to observe the continuity of a certain behaviour, up until it reaches a critical threshold, which allows the differentiation between clinical psychosis and absence of illness.
Bossé, Stéphanie. "Expériences de trauma lors de l'enfance et stress chronique chez des adultes avec et sans maladies cardiovasculaires." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20330.
Full textGuay, Marie-Laurence. "L'expérience des jeunes, des parents et des intervenants impliqués dans le volet pédopsychiatrique de la Clinique Cormier-Lafontaine." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20335.
Full textBrunelle, Mélanie. "L’influence des habiletés de motricité fine et des capacités attentionnelles à la maternelle sur les habiletés d’écriture au début de l’école primaire." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9972.
Full textStudies on school readiness aim to identify key elements that positively influence later school achievement. In this study, we examined direct and indirect links between attention skills and fine motor skills on later writing skills with a data set from the Montreal Longitudinal-Experimental Preschool Study (MLPS). Kindergarten measures include teacher ratings of attention and fine motor skills, direct assessments of number knowledge and receptive vocabulary, and parentreported family characteristics. By then end of 3rd grade, teachers also rated children’s writing skills. In our model, attention skills and fine motor skills predicted writing achievement by the end of 3rd grade. Our multiple regression results indicated that higher level of kindergarten attention or fine motor skills were associated with greater chances of belonging to better writing skills in 3rd grade. The interaction between attention skills and fine motor skills was also significant which means that attention skills are more predictive with the influence of fine motor skills. Measuring writing achievement is pertinent because at school, more than 31% to 60% of school time involved motor tasks and 85% of these included paper and pencil activites (McHale & Cermak, 1992).Writing is as much important as maths and reading for school achievement (Cutler & Graham, 2008) Identifying key elements of later writing achievement will help to adapt interventions that will occur early in childhood. We need to increase chances for children to have good and positive experiences at school, and eventually, graduate and join the labor market.
Charrier-Adams, Denis. "Le diable à Küsnacht : psychanalyse jungienne des possessions." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10113.
Full textThe slow erosion of the place of religion in our modern society is leading to an increasing amount of individualistic faith and self created religious practices. This research is a Jungian psychoanalytic reading of evil possessions as potential signs of religious erring. What place have evil possessions had across Christian history, and how are they manifested and acknowledged today? The Jungian reading of such phenomena might help us discover the central role of psychological dissociation and the influence this variable plays in our comprehension of possessions. This research starts with the presentation of two cases of possessions in the office of a clinician. It is followed by an exploration of different aspects of possessions: historical, psychiatric, sociological and finally a more specific Jungian approach of the problematic. Each aspect, in turn, will elaborate a different way to look at the problematic. It is concluded by a final case of possession through which all various aspects of possession explored will enable the clinician to elaborate a different understanding of the initial cases, including an archetypal exploration.
Lusignan, Félix-Antoine. "Étude en laboratoire du rêve de personnes atteintes de schizophrénie." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4091.
Full textSchizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disease which is characterized by symptoms which cause altered reality perception, cognitive deficits, and impairment in social or vocational functioning. In addition to clinical symptoms, schizophrenia can be accompanied with nocturnal characteristics which could manifest during dreaming. Using both questionnaire-based measures and laboratory REM sleep and non-REM sleep awakenings, we sought to characterize the dream content of 14 participants with schizophrenia under atypical antipsychotic medication. Results were compared with those from 15 healthy individuals. The relationship between dream content and daytime functioning in schizophrenia was also explored. Questionnaire data revealed that when compared to controls, patients with schizophrenia report experiencing a greater number of nightmares. Laboratory awakenings revealed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in the number of dream reports with reportable content, regardless of the sleep stage in which dreams were collected. In addition, when compared to their REM dream counterparts, both groups’ non-REM dream reports were shorter and included significantly fewer reportable items on several content scales. Laboratory REM and non-REM dream narratives from the patients were shorter and, after controlling for report length, most significant differences in dream content between the two groups disappeared. Patients with schizophrenia spontaneously rated their dream reports as being less bizarre than did controls, despite a similar density of bizarre elements as scored by external judges. Finally, both groups had a comparable density of rapid eye movements during REM sleep but a significant positive correlation between eye-movement density and dream content variables was only found in controls. Taken together, these findings suggest that dream content characteristics in schizophrenia may reflect psychopathological parameters specific to this disorder.