Dissertations / Theses: 'Gene upregulation'

1

Roskvist, Karldiony. "Upregulation of CLIC1 gene in THP1 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharides." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20260.

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The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that controls caspase-1 activation and the development of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and IL-18, as well as pyroptosis. The NLRP3 inflammasome in murine macrophages is normally triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns as well as a variety of structurally unrelated stimuli. The exact mechanism of NLRP3 activation by such a diverse set of stimuli is unknown, although many signaling processes have been proposed, including cytosolic efflux and the inflow of certain ions. As a result, numerous studies have suggested that anion channels play a role in NLRP3 inflammasome formation, although no direct evidence of their participation has been found. This thesis project aims to measure the expressions level of CLIC1 before and after LPS treatment. The measurement was done with the help of reference genes. Using qPCR, potential reference genes were tested for their stability and evaluated by GenEx. The study identified GUSB and TBP as the most stable genes. Using the delta delta cq method, data from qPCR were normalized by reference genes. The results from this analysis showed an upregulation in the expression levels of CLIC1. These results showed that CLIC1 an anion channel plays a role in the activation and formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and other inflammatory disorders such as oxidative stress. The study identified GUSB and TBP as reference genes in LPS stimulated THP-1 macrophages and an upregulation in the expression levels of CLIC1, leading to speculation that LPS stimulation leads to the translocation of CLIC1 to the plasma membrane and suggests the possibility to target CLICs to treat NLRP3-driven diseases.

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Furnish, Oehrtman Elizabeth Jean. "The role of gelsolin upregulation and overexpression in neurite outgrowth for PC12 cells." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3031599.

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3

Grose, Richard Philip. "The molecular basis of embryonic wound repair." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322259.

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Wang, Ling. "GATA-4 mediated upregulation of Kv 4.2 gene expression in mouse heart." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0016/MQ49662.pdf.

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Jenkins, Richard Gisli. "Upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression as a potential means of preventing pulmonary fibrosis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272417.

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6

Nicholl, Suzanne Maureen. "Neuropeptide Y receptor subtypes involved in the stimulation of ventricular cell hypertrophy and associated upregulation of gene expression." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343024.

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7

Hester, Ian Wayland. "HALO, a novel bHLH-PAS protein induced by neuronal preconditioning and ischemia, mediates cytotoxicity through BAX gene upregulation." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27251.

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Cortical spreading depression (CSD) induces waves of neuronal depolarization that confer neuroprotection to subsequent ischemic events in the rat brain. To gain insights into the molecular mechanisms elicited by CSD, we used representational difference analysis (RDA) to identify mRNA induced by potassium depolarization in vivo. We have isolated a cDNA encoding a novel bHLH-PAS protein distantly related to SIM2, termed HALO. Our results confirm that HALO mRNA and protein are rapidly and transiently expressed in cortical neurons following CSD but not following short duration ischemia, another form of pre-ischemic conditioning. In the untreated adult brain, HALO is expressed at low levels but is highly expressed during embryonic development in neuronal lineages. Surprisingly, delayed HALO expression is also observed following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Reporter assays show that HALO is a transcriptional activator that associates with the bHLH-PAS sub-class co-factor ARNT2. Adenovirus-mediated expression of epitope-tagged HALO results in the direct induction of the Bax gene and sensitization of cultured cells to cytotoxic stress. Together, our data indicate that HALO is a novel bHLH-PAS transactivator transiently induced by preconditioning and that its sustained expression is detrimental. The identification of HALO may represent an important step in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of brain preconditioning and injury.

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Kareem, Fakhriya Mohammed. "The influence of exogenously applied 'anti-stress' agents in the upregulation of the drought response in Iraqi wheat varieties." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/10667.

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Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereal crops grown in the world. It has great importance because it constitutes a major source of carbohydrate for more than one third of the world’s population (Budak et al., 2013). In the last three decades, drought conditions are becoming more widespread in wheat production areas including Europe, Australia and Asia, and it is considered a major cause of reduced wheat growth and productivity in most developing countries with semi-arid climates. Drought constitutes the most important threat for wheat production in Iraq and especially for the Kurdistan Regional Governate owing to the limited source of water during at least some part of the growing period. Because wheat is considered a staple food and has economic importance for the Kurdistan Regional Government research is needed to determine the production capacity of Iraqi wheat varieties under drought stress and the potential for the maximization of the drought tolerance response. The soil moisture holding capacity of the intended growing medium was measured gravimetrically in pots with and without wheat plants and correlated with the soil capacitance measured using a TDR Theta Probe (Delta-T Devices). This was used to determine the available water content of the soil (AWC) and to control and manage the watering regimes during drought studies. The results of a study of the response of different cultivars of Iraqi wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to watering regimes of 70% and 50% showed that drought stress had a significant effect on the biomass and yield traits especially tiller number and stem bundle weight compared to normal conditions. The highest significant difference was observed for cv. Tamooz 2 in comparison to Adana 99, but there was a little difference between cvs. Rizgary and Sham 6. The effect of the exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) and molybdenum (Mo) on drought tolerance of cvs. Tamooz 2 and Adana 99, showed that Tamooz 2 had higher values for growth characteristics and higher yield potential when sprayed with a lower concentration of SA (1.44 mM) under well-watered conditions in comparison with Adana 99. The effect of spraying variety Tamooz 2 with SA at different growth stages indicated that biomass production and yield components (the number of spikes/pot, grain dry weight and average 1000 grain dry weight) significantly increased at both stem+flower as well as leaf+stem+flower sprayings for plants subjected to drought. Also, SA treatments at stem extension and flowering had a positive effect on the up-regulation of the drought response gene CBF/DREB under drought stress conditions. These findings indicate that agronomic treatments with exogenous applications of salicylic acid and molybdenum could help to reduce the effects of drought in the field.

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Djerbi, Soraya. "Cellulose synthases in Populus- identification, expression analyses and in vitro synthesis." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-414.

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10

Wurst, Zanna M. "Oestradiol upregulaton of vitamin D-inducible gene transcription /." Title page and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbw9688.pdf.

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11

Fung, Khe Cheong Frederic, and 馮啟昌. "Upregulation of PITX2 transcription factor is associated with ovarian tumorigenesis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45988183.

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12

Schonberger, Robert Brian. "Upregulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Genes in Endothelial Cells to Create Artificial Vasculature." Yale University, 2006. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-06282006-142557/.

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This study explored the possibility that upregulation of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 (Hif-1)-responsive genes in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) would promote and stabilize HUVEC formation into inchoate vascular beds within artificial collagen gels. This experiment was designed to explore the above possibility by sub-cloning Hif-1[alpha], the related chimeric construct Hif-1[alpha]/VP16, and the marker gene dsRed into retroviral expression vectors, producing retroviral vectors containing these genes, and stably transducing HUVEC using these retroviruses. Transduced HUVEC were to be observed in cell culture as well as after implantation into artificial collagen gels that have previously supported vascular bed formation by HUVEC. Our results show, preliminarily, that HUVEC transduced with Hif-1[alpha]/VP16 go into cell-cycle arrest. Attempts to transduce HUVEC with Hif-1[alpha] failed to achieve high enough transduction efficiency to determine the cells angiogenic potential. This study concluded that more experiments need to be conducted to better characterize the effects of hypoxia-responsive gene upregulation in controlling HUVEC angiogenesis and cell-cycle signaling and that straightforward transduction of HUVEC by Hif-1[alpha]/VP16 is probably not sufficient, in itself, to induce in vitro vascular bed formation.

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13

Chakrabarti, Arindam. "PKR DEPENDENT UPREGULATION OF IMMEDIATE EARLY GENES AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE IL-10." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1176136341.

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Wong, Yin-chi Betty. "Significance of LRP6 coreceptor upregulation in the aberrant activation of Wnt signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41757865.

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15

Wong, Yin-chi Betty, and 黃妍之. "Significance of LRP6 coreceptor upregulation in the aberrant activation of Wnt signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41757865.

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16

Hoss, Elika. "Control of Late Cornified Envelope Genes Relevant to Psoriasis Risk: Upregulation by 1,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Plant‐derived Delphinidin." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/315903.

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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease featuring abnormal keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. A genetic risk factor for psoriasis (PSORS4) is a deletion of LCE3B and LCE3C genes encoding structural proteins in differentiated keratinocytes. Because analogs of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) are used in psoriasis treatment, we hypothesized that 1,25D and other VDR ligands act via the vitamin D receptor (VDR) to upregulate expression of LCE 3A/3D/3E genes, potentially mitigating the absence of LCE3B/LCE3C gene products. This hypothesis was pursued using cultured keratinocytes, quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) to assess LCE gene expression, competition binding assays to assess direct ligand binding to VDR, and reporter gene assays to assess the ability of VDR ligands to activate transcription in a VDR- and VDR response element-dependent fashion. qPCR results in a human keratinocyte line, HaCaT, suggested that 1,25D and selected alternate or candidate VDR ligands might upregulate LCE transcripts. Further experiments in primary human keratinocytes confirmed that 1,25D and 10 µM delphinidin do indeed upregulate all five LCE3 genes (LCE3A–E), especially in calcium-differentiated cultures. Further, competition binding assays revealed that delphinidin does in fact bind VDR, but only weakly (IC50 approximately 1 mM). Finally, 20 µM delphinidin was shown to be capable of upregulating a luciferase reporter gene linked to a vitamin D responsive element found near the LCE3 gene cluster. Taken together, these results are consistent with delphinidin (or a metabolite) stimulating LCE3 transcription in a VDR/VDRE-dependent manner. We propose that upregulation of LCE genes may be part of the therapeutic effect of 1,25D to ameliorate psoriasis by providing sufficient LCE proteins, especially in individuals missing the LCE3B and 3C genes. Results with delphinidin further suggest that this compound or its metabolite(s) might offer an alternative to 1,25D in psoriasis therapy.

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17

Du, Yi-Syuan, and 杜宜軒. "Upregulation of gene expression by influenza A virus NS1 protein." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38192100096963257690.

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18

Chang, Chieh-Yu, and 張婕妤. "Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the upregulation of thymosin beta-4 gene in human colorectal carcinoma." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56217278799223344956.

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碩士
國立陽明大學
生物藥學研究所
95
Thymosin beta-4 (T beta-4) is a small peptide whose main function is to sequester G-actin monomer and regulate its polymerization. Expression of T beta-4 can be detected in most tissues; however, its upregulation has recently been reported in various tumors. The molecular mechanisms for T beta-4-induced malignant progression in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) have been studied extensively, but the cause for T beta-4 overexpression is still unclear. Our previous study using PCR and Southern blot analyses has demonstrated that the copy number of T beta-4 increases in tumor tissues of some CRC patients. To verify this finding, real-time PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to analyze these samples once again. Higher T beta-4 copy number in tumor tissue was found only in one (out of 13) patient by the former and none (0/13) by the latter. Meanwhile, levels of transcription factors AP-1 and Sp-1 which might modulate T beta-4 expression were examined by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. However, no upregulation of these transcription factors was detected in tumor tissues. Methylation of T beta-4 in normal and tumor tissues was analyzed by bisulfite-modified PCR, and no aberrant methylation was detected in the CpG island of T beta-4 proximal promoter, but hypermethylaiton and hypomethylation in the CpG island of its first intron were found in 3 patients, respectively. However, intron 1 of T beta-4 does not seem to have significant influence on the constitutive activity of its promoter based on reporter assay. Meanwhile, we analyzed the activity of 1.5- and 2.7-Kb T beta-4 promoter in SW480 CRC cells cultured in CoCl2 which mimics a hypoxia condition, and found that the expression of SEAP reporter gene was decreased after cells were treated with CoCl2 for 48hr. Finally, we examined T beta-4 expression in SW480 cells under hypoxia by RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR, and found its expression was not affected by hypoxia. Taken together, the increase of copy number or the alteration of methylation status in the intron 1 GpG island does not seem to be the main cause for T beta-4 upregulation in tumor tissues of CRC patients, and the promoter activity of this gene might be repressed by long-term hypoxia.

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19

Novak, Gabriela. "Upregulation of CaMKIIβ and Nogo-C mRNA in Schizophrenia and the Prevalence of CAA Insert in the 3’UTR of the Nogo Gene." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/11240.

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Schizophrenia may result from altered gene expression leading to abnormal neurodevelopment. In a search for genes with altered expression in schizophrenia, cDNA library subtractive hybridization experiments using post-mortem human frontal cerebral cortices from schizophrenia individuals and neurological controls were performed. I found the mRNA of two neurodevelopmentally important genes, Nogo (RTN4) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II beta (CaMKIIβ), to be overexpressed in post-mortem frontal cortex tissues from patients who suffered with schizophrenia. I used the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method to determined the mRNA levels of these genes in tissues from age- and sex-matched individuals. Nogo is a myelin-associated protein which inhibits the outgrowth of neurites and nerve terminals. The gene produces three splice variants, Nogo-A, B and C. I found Nogo-C mRNA to be overexpressed by 26% in schizophrenia. I also found a 17% reduction of Nogo-B mRNA in samples from individuals who had been diagnosed with severe depression. Furthermore, I showed that there is a direct correlation between the expression of both Nogo-A and -C and the presence of a CAA insert in the 3’UTR of the Nogo gene. CaMKII is a kinase localized at the postsynaptic density. The holoenzyme is primarily composed of the subunits α and β, encoded by two separate genes. It influences the expression of many neuroreceptors, in particular receptors of the glutamatergic pathway. CaMKII also mediates neural maturation during puberty, a time of onset of schizophrenia. The expression of CaMKIIα was elevated 29% in frontal cortex tissues of patients who suffered from depression. The expression of CaMKIIβ was elevated 27% in tissues of schizophrenia patients and 36% in tissues of patients diagnosed with depression. Upregulation of CaMKIIβ was associated with the presence of the CAA insert in at least one copy of the Nogo gene in a group containing both healthy subjects and patients with mental illness, possibly linking the CaMKII and Nogo pathways. The values for the expression of Nogo, CaMKIIα and CaMKIIβ were normalized to β-glucuronidase expression to minimize the effects of mRNA degradation. These results confirm that upregulation of Nogo-C and CaMKIIβ is likely associated with schizophrenia.

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20

Wu, Hsin-Yi, and 吳欣怡. "Studies of molecular mechanism of interferon-�� and endotoxin induced upregulation of human interleukin-12 p40 (IL-12 p40) gene." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/w7txka.

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碩士
國立交通大學
生物科技系所
92
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a cytokine secreted by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in response to pathogen infections. The major functions of IL-12 are to activate natural killer cells and promote naïve T helper cells to functional type 1 T helper cells. IL-12 is a heterodimeric cytokine composing of two distinct subunits, p35 and p40 linked by disulfide bonds. The p35 is constitutively expressing in most cells, whereas p40 is inducible and can only be detected in activated APCs. The promoter region -922 to +35 of human IL-12 p40 gene containing several putative transcription factor binding elements has been subcloned and their sequence alignment confirmed. A set of luciferase reporter plasmids containing various length of IL-12 p40 promoter were constructed and transfected into RAW264.7 cells to generate compounding stable cell clones. The stable clones of RAW264.7 containing human IL-12 p40 promoter�{based reporter vectors were used to study the molecular mechanisms underlying LPS/IFN-��{ or Chinese herbs�{ induced IL-12 p40 gene activation. We found that promoter regions -563 to -398 and -239 to -190 are important for the synergistic effect of LPS/IFN-��. The region -239 to -190 contains a Ets-2 (-222 to -212) site, which is consistent with previous finding. The result from gel shift assay, two bands were seen using region -433 to -413 as probe. Upon sequence alignment, a putative c-Rel binding element was postulated in region -563 to -398. Furthermore, the reporter plasmids pIL12p40/90 containing RAW cells were used to screen for the bioactive components of various Chinese Herbs. The result implicated that our system is useful for the future drugs screening and molecular mechanism studies of Chinese herbs.

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21

Siddiq, Ishita. "Upregulation of VEGF-A using Engineered Zinc Finger Protein Gene Therapy Increases Cell Survival After Lateral Fluid Percussion Injury in Rats." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/25708.

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Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may play a role in neuroprotection after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in addition to being a regulator of angiogenesis. Gene therapy using an adenovirus carrying an engineered zinc-finger protein (Adv-ZFP) and transcription factor construct targeted to the VEGF gene, has been shown to upregulate genomic expression of VEGF-A isoforms in skeletal muscle. Our objective was to use this gene therapy to explore cell survival in TBI. Rats were subjected to a unilateral fluid percussion injury (FPI) in the cortex. Groups consisted of control, injured and injured-treated animals. Adv-ZFP-VEGF was injected into the cortex and hippocampus. Engineered ZFP-VEGF increases VEGF-A protein levels and correlates with increased CA2 hippocampal cell survival and reduction in apoptotic cell death following TBI. NF200 expression in TBI+VEGF animals was comparable to levels in naive animals. This study suggests a therapeutic strategy to treat delayed cell death in a model of TBI.

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22

Dohnalová, Klára. "Studium inhibičního účinku antagonisty SPA70 na hPXR." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-397835.

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Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Klára Dohnalová Supervisor: prof. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Inhibitory effect of SPA70 on hPXR activation This work focuses on pregnane X receptor (PXR) and its antagonists. PXR is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor that plays a major role in detoxification of xenobiotics and protecting the organism from their toxic effects. Recent evidence also shows endogenous action of PXR in the metabolism of lipids, glucose and bile acids. However, PXR activation could be harmful, since induction of biotransformation enzymes by PXR agonists may result in reduced treatment efficacy, increased toxicity of drug metabolites and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Recent research has been intensively focused on PXR antagonists capable of abolishing these unfavourable effects. Recently discovered human PXR antagonist SPA70 has a promising potential for future usage. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of SPA70 on activated PXR. To activate PXR we used agonists binding directly to PXR (rifampicin, hyperforin, SR12813) and also agonists activating PXR indirectly via cell signalling pathways (U0126, PD184352, PD0325901). Experiments were performed using luciferase...

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23

Obrenovitch, Tihomir P., P. L. Chazot, and O. V. Godukhin. "Repetitive spreading depression induces nestin protein expression in the cortex of rats and mice. Is this upregulation initiated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors?" 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3115.

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No
In the November issue (2001) of Neuroscience Letters, Holmin et al. (Neurosci. Lett. 314 (2001) 151) reported that the synthesis of the intermediate filament protein nestin was upregulated by potassium-induced depolarization in the rat cortex. In this letter, we provide supplementary evidence that repeated cortical spreading depression elicited by potassium induces a delayed upregulation of nestin. However, we argue against the authors' conclusion, Nestin expression was N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor dependent since dizocilpine (MK-801) treatment abolished the response because spreading depression itself is very sensitive to NMDA-receptor block, and the drug treatment was initiated prior to potassium application to the cortex in Holmin et al.'s study.

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Linhartová, Lenka. "Molekulární podstata lékových interakcí -interace konstitutivního androstanového receptoru s vybranými stilbenoidy." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-397858.

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Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Lenka Linhartová Supervisor: Prof. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Molecular mechanisms of intractions - interactions of constitutive androstane receptor with selected stilbene compounds Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), member of nuclear receptors family, is a major regulator of gene expression of phase I and II enzymes metabolizing endobiotics and xenobiotics. Changes in its activity can lead to pharmacokinetic drug interactions, ineffective treatment or higher toxicity of drugs simultaneously administered with CAR ligands. Recently another effects of this receptor, especially in homeostasis of bile acids, lipids and glucose have been discovered and CAR is now considered as a potential drug target for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Stilbenes represent a small group of plant polyphenols with typical 1,2-diphenylethylene nucleus. The most famous member is resveratrol, which has attracted great attention thanks to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and cardioprotective effects. Others stilbene compounds such as pterostilben, piceatannol or pinosylvin have shown similar health beneficial effects as well. The aim of this diploma thesis was...

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Chen, Chung-Yu, and 陳崇裕. "Astrocyte-elevated gene-1 confers resistance to pemetrexed in non-small cell lung cancer by upregulating thymidylate synthase expression." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/uj7ev5.

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博士
國立臺灣大學
病理學研究所
106
Previous studies have suggested that astrocyte-elevated gene-1(AEG-1) contributes to the mechanisms of resistance to various chemotherapeutics. In this study, we investigated whether AEG-1 expression level correlated with that of thymidylate synthase(TS), as higher TS expression is known to be associated with the resistance to pemetrexed chemotherapy in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Using pemetrexed-resistant lung adenocarcinoma PC-9 cell line, we demonstrated that transfection of AEG-1 siRNA lowered TS expression and decreased pemetrexed IC50 value. In contrast, overexpression of AEG-1 was associated with increased expression of TS and higher pemetrexed IC50 value. Immunohistochemical staining of clinical biopsy samples showed that patients with lower AEG-1 expression had longer overall survival time. Moreover, analysis of repeated biopsy samples revealed that an increase in the TS level from baseline to disease progression was significantly associated with the elevation of AEG-1 expression. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that TS expression might be regulated by AEG-1 and that increased expression of these proteins contributes to lung cancer disease progression and may be associated with the development of resistance to pemetrexed.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gene upregulation'

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