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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gene frequency

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Academic literature on the topic 'Gene frequency'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Gene frequency"

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Robbins, G. "GENE FREQUENCY FOR THALASSAEMIA." Lancet 325, no. 8428 (March 1985): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(85)91235-8.

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Maheshri, Narendra. "Gene Expression: Dialing Up the Frequency." Current Biology 18, no. 24 (December 2008): R1136—R1139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.032.

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Caballero-Franco, C., and S. Kissler. "The autoimmunity-associated gene RGS1 affects the frequency of T follicular helper cells." Genes & Immunity 17, no. 4 (March 31, 2016): 228–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/gene.2016.16.

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Takahama, Kazutaka, Masayoshi Matsuoka, Kazuhiro Nagahama, and Takahira Ogawa. "High-Frequency Gene Replacement in Cyanobacteria Using a Heterologous rps12 Gene." Plant and Cell Physiology 45, no. 3 (March 15, 2004): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pch041.

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Durinovic-Belló, I., R. P. Wu, V. H. Gersuk, S. Sanda, H. G. Shilling, and G. T. Nepom. "Insulin gene VNTR genotype associates with frequency and phenotype of the autoimmune response to proinsulin." Genes & Immunity 11, no. 2 (January 7, 2010): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/gene.2009.108.

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Frankowiack, M., R.-M. Kovanen, G. A. Repasky, C. K. Lim, C. Song, N. L. Pedersen, and L. Hammarström. "The higher frequency of IgA deficiency among Swedish twins is not explained by HLA haplotypes." Genes & Immunity 16, no. 3 (January 8, 2015): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/gene.2014.78.

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Lewis, R. M., B. Grundy, and L. A. Kuehn. "Predicting population gene frequency from sample data." Animal Science 78, no. 1 (February 2004): 03–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800053789.

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AbstractWith an increase in the number of candidate genes for important traits in livestock, effective strategies for incorporating such genes into selection programmes are increasingly important. Those strategies in part depend on the frequency of a favoured allele in a population. Since comprehensive genotyping of a population is seldom possible, we investigate the consequences of sampling strategies on the reliability of the gene frequency estimate for a bi-allelic locus. Even within a subpopulation or line, often only a proportion of individuals will be genotype tested. However, through segregation analysis, probable genotypes can be assigned to individuals that themselves were not tested, using known genotypes on relatives and a starting (presumed) gene frequency. The value of these probable genotypes in estimation of gene frequency was considered. A subpopulation or line was stochastically simulated and sampled at random, over a cluster of years or by favouring a particular genotype. Line was simulated (replicated) 1000 times. The reliability of gene frequency estimates depended on the sampling strategy used. With random sampling, even when a small proportion of a line was genotyped (0·10), the gene frequency of the population was well estimated from the across-line mean. When information on probable genotypes on untested individuals was combined with known genotypes, the between-line variance in gene frequency was estimated well; including probable genotypes overcame problems of statistical sampling. When the sampling strategy favoured a particular genotype, unsurprisingly the estimate of gene frequency was biased towards the allele favoured. In using probable genotypes the bias was lessened but the estimate of gene frequency still reflected the sampling strategy rather than the true population frequency. When sampling was confined to a few clustered years, the estimation of gene frequency was biased for those generations preceding the sampling event, particularly when the presumed starting gene frequency differed from the true population gene frequency. The potential risks of basing inferences about a population from a potentially biased sample are discussed.

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Kiemeney, L., D. Timothy Bishop, DouglasF Easton, and Nicholas Hayward. "Frequency of familial melanoma and MLM2 gene." Lancet 345, no. 8949 (March 1995): 581–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(95)90489-1.

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Thomas, Alun. "Accelerated Gene Counting for Haplotype Frequency Estimation." Annals of Human Genetics 67, no. 6 (November 2003): 608–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00054.x.

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Dickinson, Paul, Wendy L. Kimber, Fiona M. Kilanowski, Barbara J. Stevenson, David J. Porteous, and Julia R. Dorin. "High frequency gene targeting using insertional vectors." Human Molecular Genetics 2, no. 8 (1993): 1299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/2.8.1299.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gene frequency"

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Wilson, Iain. "Factors influencing gene frequency distributions in Cepaea nemoralis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335361.

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Dominguez-Bendala, Juan. "Manipulation of gene targeting frequency in mammalian cells." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13678.

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With the development of nuclear transfer from somatic cells in several species, gene targeting can now be utilised for the design of more accurate animal models for human diseases and the generation of genetically modified livestock. However, its use is limited by the low frequency of homologous recombination in somatic cells. Future applications of gene targeting, such as the development of human gene therapies, will also require dramatic improvements in the efficiency of homologus recombination. The aim of this work has been devise strategies for the stimulation of gene targeting efficiency in vitro. Using a very sensitive test system based on the directly selectable knockout of the HPRT gene in ES cells in vitro, a variety of experimental approaches were assessed for their ability to enhance effective targeting frequency - measured as the ratio of homologous to total integrants. These can be grouped into three main subcategories: (1) Modifications of the targeting vector (nuclear localisation signals, dsRNA vectors); (2) Alteration of the target conditions (methylation status, chromatin configuration); and (3) Manipulation of the expression of recombination-related genes (down-regulation of homologous recombination repressors and overexpression of recombinases). Loss of p53, Ku80 or DNA-PK_cs function did not result in enhanced targeting efficiency in ES cells. In contrast, constitutive overexpression of the eukaryotic recombinase Rad51 yielded a 4-fold increase in effective targeting frequency compared to wild-type control cells. Significant increases were also observed in Dnmt1-/- and poly(ADP-rybosyl)polymerase (PARP) -defective cells, as well as in cells treated with chemical inhibitors of PARP activity. These results contribute to the knowledge of the mechanisms underlying homologous recombination in mammalian cells, and suggest possible avenues of research to overcome the practical limitations of gene targeting.

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Xie, Yan. "STOCHASTIC DYNAMICS OF GENE TRANSCRIPTION." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/statistics_etds/2.

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Gene transcription in individual living cells is inevitably a stochastic and dynamic process. Little is known about how cells and organisms learn to balance the fidelity of transcriptional control and the stochasticity of transcription dynamics. In an effort to elucidate the contribution of environmental signals to this intricate balance, a Three State Model was recently proposed, and the transcription system was assumed to transit among three different functional states randomly. In this work, we employ this model to demonstrate how the stochastic dynamics of gene transcription can be characterized by the three transition parameters. We compute the probability distribution of a zero transcript event and its conjugate, the distribution of the time durations in gene on or gene off periods, the transition frequency between system states, and the transcriptional bursting frequency. We also exemplify the mathematical results by the experimental data on prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription. The analysis reveals that no promoters will be definitely turned on to transcribe within a finite time period, no matter how strong the induction signals are applied, and how abundant the activators are available. Although stronger extrinsic signals could enhance promoter activation rate, the promoter creates an intrinsic ceiling that no signals could cross over in a finite time. Consequently, among a large population of isogenic cells, only a portion of the cells, but not the whole population, could be induced by environmental signals to express a particular gene within a finite time period. We prove that the gene on duration follows an exponential distribution, and the gene off intervals show a local maximum that is best described by assuming two sequential exponential process. The transition frequencies are determined by a system of stochastic differential equations, or equivalently, an iterative scheme of integral operators. We prove that for each positive integer n , there associates a unique time, called the peak instant, at which the nth transcript synthesis cycle since time zero proceeds most likely. These moments constitute a time series preserving the nature order of n.

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McArthur, James G. "Genetic elements which increase the frequency of gene amplification." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74313.

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Members of the HSAG family of mammalian genomic elements were subcloned into the pSV2-DHFR expression vector and shown to encourage vector amplification in cis when transfected into a variety of cell lines. The interaction of multiple positive acting elements was required for this effect, with the native configuration of these elements in HSAG-1 producing the greatest effect. These positive acting elements; purine-pyrimidine tracts, Alu-like repetitive elements, stem-loop structures, and A+T rich sequences, have been previously associated with "hotspots" for recombination. Analysis of the structure of amplified vector sequences in MTX resistant pSV2-DHFR-HSAG-1 transfectants showed that these cells possessed a greater number of novel-joints indicating that HSAG elements may stimulate local recombination. Other experiments demonstrating an interaction between vector and HSAG sequences support this conclusion. We suggest that the stimulation of local recombination events by HSAG elements during vector amplification produces novel joints which then encourage further amplification.

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Li, Juan. "Molecular characterization of chicken repetitive DNA sequences." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42577287.

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Li, Juan, and 李娟. "Molecular characterization of chicken repetitive DNA sequences." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42577287.

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Gradinger, Abigail. "Atypical methylmalonic aciduria : frequency of mutations in the methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase (MCEE) gene." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101848.

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Methylmalonic aciduria results from defects in the enzyme methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and from defects in the synthesis of the enzyme's cofactor adenosylcobalamin. Two patients who excrete methylmalonic acid have been shown to have a homozygous nonsense mutation in the methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase gene (MCEE). To further understand the causes of methylmalonic acid excretion, the MCEE gene was sequenced in 229 patients who excreted methylmalonic acid for which no cause was known. Mutations were detected in five patients. Fusion of fibroblast lines from two patients with a homozygous nonsense mutation in MCEE did not result in correction of [14C]propionate incorporation toward control values while the defect in these fibroblasts was complemented by mut, cblA, and cblB fibroblasts. Transfection with wild-type MCEE cDNA resulted in correction of the biochemical phenotype in cells from both patients. These experiments support the hypothesis that a defective epimerase enzyme can be a cause of elevated methylmalonic acid excretion.

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Trotter, Meridith V., and n/a. "Frequency-dependent selection and the maintenance of genetic variation." University of Otago. Department of Zoology, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20081114.120926.

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Frequency-dependent selection has long been a popular heuristic explanation for the maintenance of genetic diversity in natural populations. Indeed, a large body of theoretical and empirical work has already gone into elucidating the causes and consequences of frequency-dependent selection. Most theoretical work, to date, has focused either on the diallelic case, or dealt with only very specific forms of frequency-dependence. A general model of the maintenance of multiallelic genetic diversity has been lacking. Here we extend a flexible general model of frequency-dependent selection, the pairwise interaction model, to the case of multiple alleles. First, we investigate the potential for genetic variation under the pairwise interaction model using a parameter-space approach. This approach involves taking a large random sample of all possible fitness sets and initial allele-frequency vectors of the model, iterating each to equilibrium from each set of random initial conditions, and measuring how often variation is maintained, and by which parameter combinations. We find that frequency- dependent selection maintains full polymorphism more often than classic constant-selection models and produces more skewed equilibrium allele frequencies. Fitness sets with some degree of rare advantage maintained full polymorphism most often, but a variety of non-obvious fitness patterns were also found to have positive potential for polymorphism. Second, we further investigate some unusual dynamics uncovered by the parameter-space approach above. Long-period allele-frequency cycles and a small number of aperiodic trajectories were detected. We measured the number, length and domains of attraction of the various attractors produced by the model. The genetic cycles produced by the model did not have periods short enough to be observable on an ecological time scale. In a real world system, allele-frequency cycling is likely to be indistinguishable from stable equilibrium when observed over short time scales. Third, we use a construction approach to model frequency-dependent selection with mutation under the pairwise interaction model. This approach involves the construction of an allelic polymorphism by bombarding an initial monomorphism with mutant alleles over many generations. We find that frequency-dependent selection is able to generate large numbers of alleles at a single locus. The construction process generates a wide range of allele- frequency distributions and genotypic fitness relationships. We find that constructed polymorphisms remain permanently invasible to new mutants. Analysis of constructed fitness sets may even reveal a signature of positive frequency dependence. Finally, we examine the numbers and distributions of fitnesses and alleles produced by construction under the pairwise interaction model with mutation from existing alleles, using several different methods of generating mutant fitnesses. We find that, relative to more general construction models, generating mutants from existing alleles lowers the average number of alleles maintained by frequency-dependent selection. Nevertheless, while the overall numbers of alleles are lower, the polymorphisms produced are more stable, with more natural allele-frequency distributions. Overall, frequency-dependent selection remains a powerful mechanism for the maintenance of genetic variation, although it does not always work in intuitively obvious ways.

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Credidio, Laura 1976. "Polimorfismo C936T do gene VEGF no risco de adenocarcinoma colorretal esporádico e em seus aspectos clínicos e biológicos." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308755.

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Orientadores: Claudio Saddy Rodrigues Coy, Carmen Silvia Passos Lima
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T01:34:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Credidio_Laura_M.pdf: 7330672 bytes, checksum: 03e0aafb86a0b4df9c88c89f064490e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: O papel da angiogênese para o desenvolvimento do câncer colorretal (CCR) ainda não é totalmente conhecido. Uma das principais glicoproteínas responsáveis pela angiogênese é o fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF), acredita-se que o polimorfismo C936T, localizado no gene VEGF, esteja correlacionado com a suscetibilidade para o desenvolvimento do CCR. Objetivos: Identificar as freqüências dos genótipos do polimorfismo C936T do gene VEGF em pacientes portadores de adenocarcinoma colorretal esporádico (ACE) e controles e correlacionar a ocorrência do mesmo com as seguintes variáveis: sexo, idade, localização tumoral, acometimento de linfonodos (N) e infiltração tumoral (T) em pacientes. Material e método: No período compreendido entre outubro de 2008 a dezembro de 2009 foram coletadas amostras de sangue periférico de pacientes com ACE, no ambulatório de Coloproctologia do HC UNICAMP (G1). O grupo controle (G2) foi constituído por doadores de sangue. Foram excluídos do estudo portadores de polipose familiar, síndrome de Lynch, doenças inflamatórias intestinais e com antecedente familiar de CCR. A extração do DNA genômico se deu por cloreto de lítio e por kit de extração de DNA. Os genótipos do polimorfismo C936T foi avaliado por meio da reação em cadeia da polimerase e digestão enzimática. Resultados : O G1 constou de 261 pacientes, sendo 52,1% do sexo masculino com média de idade de 64,9 (32-97) anos. O G2 foi formado por 261 doadores de sangue, com idade media de 52,9 anos (25-62) sendo 52,1% do sexo masculino. A ocorrência do genótipo selvagem (CC) foi de 80,5%, do heterozigoto (CT) foi de 18,4% e do homozigoto (TT) de 1,1% em pacientes. No G2 a ocorrência dos genótipos foram 78,5% (CC), 20,7% (CT) e 0,8% (TT), indivíduos com genótipos distintos do gene estiveram sob riscos similares do ACE. Com relação á localização do tumor, 51,5% encontravam-se no reto, 16,4% cólon direito, 31,1% em cólon esquerdo. Em relação ao grau de invasão tumoral, 0,7% foram classificados como Tis, 1,5% T0, 8,1% T1, 19,3% T2, 65,2% T3 e 7,4% como T4. Quanto ao acometimento de linfonodos, 53,9% foram classificados como N0, 33,6% como N1 e 12,5% como N2. Não se observou diferenças em relação ao grau de invasão tumoral, acometimento de linfonodos ou ocorrência de metástases (p = 0,2996) em relação à ocorrência do polimorfismo C936T. Conclusão: O polimorfismo C936T do gene VEGF não correlaciona-se com o risco de ocorrência do tumor e com o sexo, idade, localização da lesão, acometimento de linfonodos e infiltração tumoral
Abstract: Background: The role of angiogenesis for the development of Colorectal Cancer (CC) is not yet fully known. One of the major glycoprotein responsible for pro-angiogenesis is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). It is believed that the C936T polymorphism located in the VEGF gene is correlated with less susceptibility to the development of CC. Objectives: To identify the genotype frequencies of the C936T polymorphism of the VEGF gene in patients with sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma (ACE) and controls and to correlate the occurrence of the same with following variables: gender, age, tumor location, lymph node (N) and tumor infiltration (T). Methods: Between October 2008 and December 2009 samples were collected from peripheral blood of patients with colorectal cancer in the clinic of Coloproctology of HC UNICAMP (G1). The control group (G2) comprised blood donors. We excluded patients with familial polyposis, Lynch syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases and family history of CC. The genomic DNA extraction was done by lithium chloride and by DNA extraction kit. The genotypes of the C936T polymorphism were assessed by polymerase chain reaction and enzymatic digestion. Results: G1 consisted of 261 patients, 52.1% male with a mean age of 64.9 (32-97) years. The G2 is composed of 261 blood donors, with a mean age of 52.9 years (25-62) 52.1% male. The occurrence of wild genotype (CC) was 80.5%, the heterozygous (CT) was 18.4% and the homozygous (TT) of 1.1% in patients. In G2 the occurrence of genotypes were 78.5% (CC), 20.7% (CT) and 0.8% (TT); individuals with different genotypes of the gene were under similar risks of ACE. Regarding the location of the tumor, 51.5% were in the rectum, right colon 16.4%, 31.1% in the left colon. Regarding the degree of tumor invasion, 0.7% was classified as Tis, T0 1.5%, 8.1% T1, 19.3% T2, T3 65.2% and 7.4% as T4. As for the involvement of lymph nodes, 53.9% were classified as N0, 33.6% N1 and 12.5% N2. There were no significant differences in the degree of tumor invasion, lymph nodes or occurrence of metastases (p = 0.2996) in relation to the occurrence of the C936T polymorphism. Conclusion: The C936T polymorphism of the VEGF gene did not correlate with the risk of tumor occurrence and sex, age, lesion location, lymph nodes and tumor infiltration
Mestrado
Ciências da Cirurgia
Mestre em Ciências

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Millar, Anna L. "Frequency estimation of endometrial cancer associated with microsatellite instability and mismatch repair gene defects." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0005/MQ46045.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Gene frequency"

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Masatoshi, Nei, ed. Humanpolymorphic genes. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

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Roychoudhury, Arun K. Human polymorphic genes: World distribution. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

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Weir, B. S. Genetic data analysis II: Methods for discrete population genetic data. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates, 1996.

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Genetic data analysis: Methods for discrete population genetic data. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates, 1990.

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Millar, Anna L. Frequency estimation of endometrial cancer associated with microsatellite instability and mismatch repair gene defects. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1999.

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Royal Society (Great Britain). Discussion Meeting. Frequency-dependent selection: Proceedings of a Royal Society Discussion Meeting held on 24 and 25 June 1987. London: The Society, 1988.

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The Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Reader: From Sherlock Holmes to Spiritualism. New York: Cooper Square Press, 2002.

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Clarke, B. C., and Linda Partridge. Frequency-dependent Selection. The Royal Society, 1988.

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Hughes, Gene. Gene Hughes Police Call Frequency Guide: Codes, Maps, Trunking. United States Radio Data, 1988.

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Genetic Data Analysis 2: Methods for Discrete Population Genetic Data. 2nd ed. Sinauer Associates, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gene frequency"

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Ranjan, Shovit, and Akash Gautam. "Gene Frequency." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_31-1.

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Rahman, Md Abdur, Madhu Chetty, Dieter Bulach, and Pramod P. Wangikar. "Frequency Decomposition Based Gene Clustering." In Neural Information Processing, 170–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26535-3_20.

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Manly, Bryan F. J. "Gene frequency changes at a single genetic locus." In The Statistics of Natural Selection on Animal Populations, 219–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4840-2_8.

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Feeney, Ann J. "Genetic and Epigenetic Control of V Gene Rearrangement Frequency." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 73–81. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0296-2_6.

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McLysaght, Aoife, Cathal Seoighe, and Kenneth H. Wolfe. "High Frequency of Inversions During Eukaryote Gene Order Evolution." In Comparative Genomics, 47–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4309-7_6.

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Trethowan, R. M., R. J. Pena, and M. Van Ginkel. "Breeding for Grain Quality: A Manipulation of Gene Frequency." In Wheat in a Global Environment, 263–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3674-9_32.

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Shumei, Li, Luo Xiaoting, Zeng Xiangyun, Hu Liqun, Xiong Liang, and Li Sisi. "Mutation Frequency of IMPDH1 Gene of Han Population in Ganzhou City." In Retinal Degenerative Diseases, 293–97. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1399-9_33.

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Gaggiotti, Oscar E., Carol E. Lee, and Glenda M. Wardle. "The Effect of Overlapping Generations and Population Structure on Gene-Frequency Clines." In Structured-Population Models in Marine, Terrestrial, and Freshwater Systems, 355–69. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5973-3_11.

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Smith, Scott F., and Kay C. Wiese. "Integrating Thermodynamic and Observed-Frequency Data for Non-coding RNA Gene Search." In Transactions on Computational Systems Biology X, 124–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92273-5_7.

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Jacobson, D. R., J. D. Reveille, and J. N. Buxbaum. "Frequency of the Position 122 (VAL→ILE) Variant Transthyretin Gene in Blacks Without Amyloidosis." In Amyloid and Amyloidosis 1990, 615–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3284-8_151.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gene frequency"

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Yazdani, Somaie, and Ghosheh Abed Hodtani. "Frequency domain discovery of gene regulatory networks." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm.2015.7359848.

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Trinh, Thanh, DingMing Wu, Salman Salloum, Tung Nguyen, and Joshua Zhexue Huang. "A frequency-based gene selection method with random forests for gene data analysis." In 2016 IEEE RIVF International Conference on Computing & Communication Technologies, Research, Innovation, and Vision for the Future (RIVF). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rivf.2016.7800293.

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Zaitseva, A. O., and M. O. Aksenov. "THE ROLE OF THE HIF1A GENE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENDURANCE ATHLETES." In Х Всероссийская научно-практическая конференция. Nizhnevartovsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/fks-2020/16.

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The sports phenotype is extremely complex, it includes a huge number of factors that depend on a combination of various traits and characteristics. The article contains information on one of the important genes involved in the adaptation of the body to hypoxia, which occurs during high-intensity aerobic loads. An analysis of the Ensemble electronic resource is presented, during which the frequency of occurrence of the HIF1A gene polymorphism was determined in various population groups. The results of the study of sports training of athletes, specializing in middle distance running, are shown.

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Shikata, Tetsuo, Toshihiko Shiraishi, Kumiko Tanaka, Shin Morishita, and Ryohei Takeuchi. "Effects of Acceleration Amplitude and Frequency of Mechanical Vibration on Osteoblast-Like Cells." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41797.

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Bone formation is subject in vivo to mechanical stimulation. Although many researches for bone cells of osteoblastic lineage sensing and responding to mechanical stimulation have been reported mainly in the biochemical field, effects of mechanical stimulation on bone cells are not well understood. In this study, in order to clarify effects of acceleration amplitude and frequency of mechanical stimulation on MC3T3-E1, which is an osteoblast-like cell line derived from mouse calvaria, in the sense of mechanical vibrations, their cell proliferation, cell morphology, bone matrix generation and gene expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were investigated when sinusoidal inertia force was applied to the cells. After the cells were cultured in culture plates in a CO2 incubator for one day and adhered on the cultured plane, vibrating groups of the culture plates were set on an aluminum plate attached to a exciter and cultured under sinusoidal excitation in another incubator separated from non-vibrating groups of the culture plates. Acceleration amplitude and frequency were set to several kinds of conditions. The time evolution of cell density was obtained by counting the number of cells with a hemocytometer. The cell morphology was observed with a phase contrast microscope. Calcium salts generated by the cells were observed by being stained with alizarin red S solution and their images were captured with a CCD camera. The vibrating groups for the cell proliferation and the calcium salts staining were sinusoidally excited for 24 hours a day during 28-day cultivation. Gene expression of ALP was measured by a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) method. After the vibrating groups for the PCR were excited for 7 days, the total RNAs were extracted. After reverse transcription, real-time RT-PCR was performed. Gene expression for ALP and a housekeeping gene were determined simultaneously for each sample. ALP gene level in each sample was normalized to the measured housekeeping gene level. The results to be obtained are as follows. In the range from 12.5 to 200 Hz, saturation cell density for the cell proliferation shows tendency of increase as frequency decreases and ALP gene expression shows a peak to frequency at 50 Hz. Among 0, 0.25 and 0.5 G, saturation cell density and ALP gene expression show tendency of increase as acceleration amplitude increases.

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5

Gouvea, Maury M., and Aluizio F. R. Araujo. "Population dynamics model for gene frequency prediction in evolutionary algorithms." In 2008 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2008.4631006.

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6

Matsumoto, Kazuko, Tokuzo Arao, Tetsuya Hamaguchi, Yasuhiro Shimada, Ken Kato, Ichiro Oda, Hirokazu Taniguchi, et al. "Abstract 5: Frequency of FGFR2 gene amplification in gastric cancer." In Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-5.

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7

Shikata, Tetsuo, Toshihiko Shiraishi, Kumiko Tanaka, Shin Morishita, and Ryohei Takeuchi. "Effects of Amplitude and Frequency of Vibration Stimulation on Cultured Osteoblasts." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34949.

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Mechanical stimulation to bones affects osteogenesis such as decrease of bone mass of astronauts under zero gravity, walking rehabilitation to bone fracture and fracture repair with ultrasound devices. Bone cells have been reported to sense and response to mechanical stimulation at cellular level morphologically and metabolically. In the view of mechanical vibrations, bone cells are deformed according to mechanical stimulation and their mechanical characteristics. Recently, it was reported that viscoelasticity of cells was measured using tensile and creep tests and that there was likely natural frequency and nonlinearity of cells in the sense of structural dynamics. It suggests that there is effective frequency and amplitude of mechanical stimulation on osteogenesis by bone cells. In this study, sinusoidal inertia force was applied to cultured osteoblasts, MC3T3-E1, and effects of frequency and acceleration amplitude of mechanical vibration on the cells were investigated in respect of cell proliferation, cell morphology, bone matrix generation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) gene expression. After the cells were cultured in culture plates in a CO2 incubator for one day and adhered on the cultured plane, vibrating groups of the culture plates were set on an aluminum plate attached to a exciter and cultured under sinusoidal excitation in another incubator separated from non-vibrating groups of the culture plates. Acceleration amplitude and frequency were set to several kinds of conditions. The time evolution of cell density was obtained by counting the number of cells with a hemocytometer. The cell morphology was observed with a phase contrast microscope. Calcium salts generated by the cells were observed by being stained with alizarin red S solution and their images were captured with a CCD camera. The vibrating groups for the cell proliferation and the calcium salts staining were sinusoidally excited for 24 hours a day during 28-day cultivation. Gene expression of ALP was measured by a real-time RT-PCR method. After the vibrating groups for the PCR were excited for 6 hours, the total RNAs were extracted. After reverse transcription, real-time RT-PCR was performed. Gene expression for ALP and a housekeeping gene were determined simultaneously for each sample. Gene levels in each sample were normalized to the measured housekeeping gene levels. As a result, it is shown that saturate cell density becomes high and bone matrix generation is promoted by applying mechanical vibration and that there may be some peaks to frequency and a certain threshold value to acceleration amplitude of mechanical vibration for saturation cell density and bone matrix generation.

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8

Ogasawara, Yuki, Masateru Ikehata, Ryo Sakaguchi, Shiho Awakura, Sachiko Yoshie, Chiyoji Ohkubo, and Kazuyuki Ishii. "Effects of exposure to intermediate frequency magnetic fields on gene expression of estrogen-regulated gene in MCF-7 cells." In 2011 XXXth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ursigass.2011.6051335.

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9

Shikata, Tetsuo, Toshihiko Shiraishi, Shin Morishita, and Ryohei Takeuchi. "Effects of Acceleration Amplitude and Frequency of Mechanical Vibration on Cultured Osteoblasts." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67221.

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This paper describes the effects of the frequency and acceleration amplitude of mechanical vibration on osteoblasts, the bone cells that generate the bone matrix. Their cell proliferation and bone matrix generation were investigated when sinusoidal inertia force was applied to the cells. Bone formation is subject in vivo to mechanical stimulation. Although many researches for bone cells of osteoblastic lineage sensing and responding to mechanical stimulation have been reported mainly in the biochemical field, effects of mechanical stimulation on bone cells are not well understood. After the cells were cultured in culture plates in a CO2 incubator for one day and adhered on the cultured plane, vibrating groups of the culture plates were set on an aluminum plate attached to a exciter and cultured under sinusoidal excitation in another incubator separated from non-vibrating groups of the culture plates. Acceleration amplitude and frequency were set to several kinds of conditions. The time evolution of cell density was obtained by counting the number of cells with a hemocytometer. Calcium salts generated by the cells were observed by being stained with alizarin red S solution and their images were captured with a CCD camera. The vibrating groups for the cell proliferation and the calcium salts staining were sinusoidally excited for 24 hours a day during 28 days of culture. Gene expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and runt-related gene 2 (Runx2) was measured by a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) method. After the vibrating groups for the PCR were excited for 4 days, the total RNAs were extracted. After reverse transcription, real-time RT-PCR was performed. Gene expression for ALP, Runx2, and a housekeeping gene were determined simultaneously for each sample. ALP and Runx2 gene level in each sample was normalized to the measured housekeeping gene level. The following experimental results of sinusoidal excitation of osteoblasts have been shown: (a) Cell density decreased at 0.5 G with increasing frequency in the range from 12.5 to 1000 Hz and increased at 25 Hz with increasing acceleration amplitude from 0 to 0.5 G at 14 days of culture. (b) No calcium salts were observed in the non-vibrating group and the areas of calcium salts observed in the 0.5 G vibration group were larger than those in the 0.25 G group at 25 Hz at 21 days of culture. (c) The mRNA level of ALP at 0.5 G showed the peak at 50 Hz in the range from 12.5 to 1000 Hz and that at 50 Hz showed the peak at 0.5 G in the range from 0.25 to 1 G at 4 days of culture. In the case of Runx2, the same tendency was found. It has been shown that it is important to consider mechanical vibration as well as biochemical aspects in studies of the functional adaptation of cells to mechanical stimulation.

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Liddell, M. B., D. S. Anson, D. P. Lillicrap, and I. R. Peake. "SEARCH FOR AND USE OF RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS (RFLPs) IN AND AROUND THE HUMAN FACTOR IX GENE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644078.

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5 previously described RFLPs within the factor IX gene have been used for family studies (carrier detection) in 10 haemophilia B kindred. In all DNA from 91 individuals, including 25 obligate or possible carriers, was analysed by digestion with TaqI and XmnI and probing with the intragenomic probe VIII (all probes were provided by Professor G. G. Brownlee, Oxford). When noninformative, additional RFLPs (DdeI;probe XIII and MspI;probe II) were used. Of 12 possible carriers, 11 were diagnosed (6 as carriers, 5 normal). Of the confirmed carriers (6 diagnosed, 13 obligate) 15 were informative (heterozygous and phase known), and the overall incidence of heterozygosity was 72%. The recently reported BamHI RFLP was not found to be useful ( <1.0% frequency).Further RFLPs in and flanking the factor IX gene were sought by two procedures. Firstly cosmid pCHIXα, containing a 40kb insert including the 3' end of the factor IX gene and stretching some 35kb 3' to the gene was used as a large probe, with repetitive sequences being blocked by preannealing the probe with an excess of sonicated, denatured human DNA (Litt and White, PNAS 82, 6206). Results with 25 restriction enzymes (covering an estimated 1038 nucleotides) and DNA from 7 unrelated females were obtained, but only one low frequency PvuII RFLP (frequency about 1%) was identified. Similar experiments with further cosmid probes 3' to the gene are underway. The second technique was developed to analyse small DNA fragments (<1.0kb) generated by frequently cutting restriction enzymes. These fragments were separated on 3.5% polyacrylamide/0.5% agarose composite gels and then electroblotted onto hybond-N. Fragments of 150bp were readily visualised by this procedure. 3 frequently cutting enzymes have been used (Hinfl, Rsal and Mbol), and the blots probed with a factor IX c-DNA probe, or a unique sequence subclone of cosmid pCHIXα. To date no RFLPs have been identified. This search for further useful RFLP has illustrated the paucity of detectable sequence variation within this region of the X-chromosome.

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Reports on the topic "Gene frequency"

1

Tseng, Charles C. Equipment for High Frequency Measurements for Gene Expression Studies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada413205.

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2

Jett, J. Pre-thymic somatic mutation leads to high mutant frequency at hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/98640.

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3

Cowell, John K. Analysis of the TACC1 Gene from the 8p11 Chromosome Region Frequently Amplified in Metastasizing Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada406929.

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Karpeeva, E. A. Frequency of Occurrence of Pathogenicity Genes in Case of Coculture of Escherichia Coli With Protozoans Blastocystis Hominis. Prof. Dr Kuznetsov Alexandre Semenovich, March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14526/25_2015_25.

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