Dissertations / Theses: 'Gender similarities'

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Glassford, Maureen Patricia. "Gender similarities and differences in managing conflicts." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq64768.pdf.

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Aminudin, Norsiah. "Attitudes towards employee involvement : gender differences and similarities." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2007. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21667.

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Employee involvement (EI) has been the focus of considerable research on the management of people in organizations, particularly on whether EI results in improved employee attitudes and behaviours, and in turn company performance. Although EI trends have continued to interest academics and practitioners and are well documented in literature, the literature is relatively silent on studying EI schemes in relation to gender. This thesis intends to reconcile this gap by examining differences between the attitudes of men and women towards EI programmes. A second feature of this research is its focus on a non-western context. This is important both in examining the issue of gender in attitudes towards EI, and expanding the cross-cultural validity of mainly western-oriented research in the broader area of employee participation. Given the above issues and the limited empirical evidence in the context of non-western cultures, the current study sought to explore the attitudes towards EI in a Malaysian context. Quality Circles (QC) and Employee Share Ownership Schemes (ESOS) were the focus of the current study of EI. The general aim was to understand the relationship between EI and employees' organizational commitment and the effects of gender, degree of participation, and management support within a Malaysian context. Both quantitative and qualitative research approaches were used in a mixed methods study. In the first stage,a survey questionnaire gathered data on employee attitudes from 217 respondents in three Malaysian public utility companies. This data was used to test a series of hypotheses regarding the relationships between attitudes to the EI programmes and organizational commitment, as well as the effects of gender, participation in programmes, and supervisory support. A second qualitative stage used semi structured interviews with management and focus groups with employees to explore further the gender dimension and identify both differences and similarities in the treatment of women at work and their experiences with EI. The research found that there were no significant differences in the attitudes of men and women towards EI schemes; nor were there any gender differences in wider work related attitudes including organizational commitment, job satisfaction and attitudes towards management. Men, however, were still more negative in their general attitudes about women and work. The qualitative phase suggested that Malaysian organizations need a more democratic culture and better support from superiors in order to make EI schemes successful. It was also found that the practices of Malaysian organizations mirrored the issues of stereotyping and lack of opportunities available to women as compared to those of men, which are found in western literature. Overall, the findings of the study served to enrich the EI literature, particularly with respect to the treatment of women, and offered valuable guidelines for non-western organizations seeking to improve the implementation of EI schemes.

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Fawver, Marcia D. "Gender Similarities and Differences in Experiences of Public School Administrators." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2438.

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The purpose of study was to examine similarities and differences in experiences between male and female high school principals and district administrators in addition to similarities and differences in leadership style and skills. This was an in-depth study with participants working in the same district and matched with descriptors such as age, similar position, and time served. Therefore the statement of the problem for the present study is what similarities and differences in experiences exist between male and female high school principals and district administrators in addition to similarities and differences in leadership style and skills. Two male high school principals, one female high school principal, and one female district supervisor participated. Only top-level administrative positions were considered. The participants were interviewed and asked to take a survey on their leadership skills and their leadership style. All of the participants had experience as high school teachers with varying levels of teaching experience. There was a fairly small range of assistant principal experience. The participants reported having people who had been an influence in their decision to become administrators and someone who had mentored them. Barriers did not seem present in obtaining positions for either the male or female participants. Barriers that were listed involved issues that arose in their job such as implementing multiple new programs.

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Young, Bryan K. "Gender Differences and Similarities in Perceptions and Experiences of Secondary Public School Safety." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2344.

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This study is a description of male and female secondary students' experiences of safety in public schools. Gender differences in reported victimization and perceptions of school safety have been noted. The National Center for Educational Statistics ([NCES], 2006) reported that boys were the victims of violent acts in the schools more often than girls. Many studies have reported different results relating to how safe students perceive their schools to be (Addington et al., 2002; Office of Educational Research and Improvement, 1997). This study considered gender differences and similarities in students' perceptions of school safety. The study utilized a qualitative research approach to describe students' experiences. Focus groups composed of secondary public school students discussed their perceptions and experiences of school safety. The focus groups were divided into three categories: mixed genders, all male, and all female. The data were analyzed by gender to provide descriptions of what might contribute to students' perceptions, experiences, and feelings in school. Students reported feelings of safety and danger in the schools from the following sources: peers, teachers and staff, and environmental context. Within these three categories the following themes were identified: (a) peers included friends, groups, and weapons; (b) teachers and staff included supervision and student-teacher relationships; and (c) environmental context included hallways and cameras/officers. Gender differences were noted in students' comments describing their experiences related to safety in the schools. Boys reported looking toward teachers and peers for protection from physical harm. Girls reported using relationships with friends and school faculty members as a source of emotional security and comfort. Similarities across gender were noted in students' perceptions regarding the need for extra security measures and the need for more trusting relationships with teachers and peers. Based on students' comments and considering gender differences, the effectiveness of school safety measures may be increased if administration considered the needs of each gender.

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Hilbers, Susan M. "Gender differences and similarities in moral orientations, a narrative approach to moral socialization within the family." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq30249.pdf.

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Martinengo, Giuseppe. "Gender Differences and Similarities in the Work-family Interface: The Importance of Considering Family Life Stages." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2123.pdf.

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Thellman, Saga. "Does Gender Influence the Way People Provide and Receive Politeness? : A Research Study on the Differences or Similarities Between Gender and Linguistic Politeness." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-36471.

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This essay examines the relation between gender and adherence to Brown and Levinson's Politeness Principle. Women and men tend to use language for different purposes and for the purpose of achieving various goals. In order to examine this relation, a research study was conducted. Two women and three men were observed discussing subjects given by an interviewer. The collected interview data gathered from the conversation was analyzed and related to the Politeness Principle. Aspects from sociolinguistics, such as theories from gender and language studies, and the Cooperative Principle as proposed by H P Grice, were also considered and formed part of the analysis. The results indicate that there is a small difference between women’s versus men’s adherence to the Politeness Principle. More specifically, women tend to use more aspects of linguistic politeness. However, as the sample group of the research study consisted of only five participants, the limits of the study in terms of the generalizability of the results are recognized and suggestions have been made for further research.

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McDaniel, Anne E. "Gender gaps in educational and occupational expectations across thirty industrialized countries: a study of similarities and differences." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1399900472.

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Nilsson, Maria. "Differences and similarities in work absence behavior : - empirical evidence from micro data." Doctoral thesis, Växjö universitet, Ekonomihögskolan, EHV, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-626.

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This thesis consists of three self-contained essays about absenteeism. Essay I analyzes if the design of the insurance system affects work absence, i.e. the classic insurance problem of moral hazard. Several reforms of the sickness insurance system were implemented during the period 1991-1996. Using Negative binomial models with fixed effects, the analysis show that both workers and employers changed their behavior due to the reforms. We also find that the extent of moral hazard varies depending on work contract structures. The reforms reducing the compensation levels decreased workers’ absence, both the number of absent days and the number of absence spells. The reform in 1992, introducing sick pay paid by the employers, also decreased absence levels, which probably can be explained by changes in personnel policy such as increased use of monitoring and screening of workers. Essay II examines the background to gender differences in work absence. Women are found, as in many earlier studies, to have higher absence levels than men. Our analysis, using finite mixture models, reveals that there are a group of women, comprised of about 41% of the women in our sample, that have a high average demand of absence. Among men, the high demand group is smaller consisting of about 36% of the male sample. The absence behavior differs as much between groups within gender as it does between men and women. The access to panel data covering the period 1971-1991 enables an analysis of the increased gender gap over time. Our analysis shows that the increased gender gap can be attributed to changes in behavior rather than in observable characteristics. Essay III analyzes the difference in work absence between natives and immigrants. Immigrants are found to have higher absence than natives when measured as the number of absent days. For the number of absence spells, the pattern for immigrants and natives is about the same. The analysis, using panel data and count data models, show that natives and immigrants have different characteristics concerning family situation, work conditions and health. We also find that natives and immigrants respond differently to these characteristics. We find, for example, that the absence of natives and immigrants are differently related to both economic incentives and work environment. Finally, our analysis shows that differences in work conditions and work environment only can explain a minor part of the ethnic differences in absence during the 1980’s.

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Jacobi, Darlene Marion. "Gender and grade similarities and differences in elementary school students in language referring to computers and computer programmes." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28243.

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A four month qualitative study was conducted to investigate gender and grade similarities and differences in language; spoken, written and other symbols (art), referring to computers and computer programmes, among elementary school students. The subjects were a heterogeneous intact grade one class of twenty-five students and a heterogeneous intact grade six/seven class of twenty-one students from a small, lower socio-economic school in a large urban centre in British Columbia. Data was gathered over a period of four months through individual and group interviews and, from student responses to broad general questions, in the form of art, journal entries and creative writing. The study took place in the classrooms and in the computer laboratory which consisted of fifteen Commodore 64 computers and three printers. Programmes used were LOGO, KIDWRITER and two district developed programmes, EDITOR (word processing) and MUSIC SHOP. From the analysis of the data clear categories emerged. Findings suggest that: (1) students viewed the world of technology as largely a male domain/ (2) students did not view the use of computers as extraordinary but as a normal part of the everyday school experience/ (3) girls were dissatisfied with the limitations of the programmes, desiring those which featured the Arts and stressed creativity/ (4) Grade Six/Seven boys desired programmes with highly competitive, video-game formats in Mathematics and Spelling/ (5) boys realized the potential of the computer to be used to perform aggressive/violent acts/ (6) Grade One girls desired a computer laboratory environment resembling a spring garden/ (7) Grade Six/Seven girls believed they would be doing word processing as a part of their future jobs/ (8) Grade Six/Seven boys viewed word processing as a tool which would enable them to perform their "real" careers more effectively/and (9) Grade One students preferred typing stories on the computer to printing them by hand.
Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate

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Stone, Roy. "Gender difference and similarities in the use of negative concord for the regional dialects of England in the BNC." Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Mid Sweden University, Department of Humanities, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-8620.

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Ali, Feisal. "Gender and Language similarities and differences in mixed sex conversations and same sex conversations in the American TV series Modern Family." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för utbildningsvetenskap och språk, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-16924.

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The study aimed to analyze females and males in mixed-sex conversations and same-sex conversations using cooperative speech, competitive speech, interruptions, and similarities and differences in their communication styles in the Tv series modern family. Men and women are said to use different speech styles regarding cooperative, competitive, and interruptions. I used three conversations taken from Season 1 Episode 24, Family Portrait, for mixed-sex conversations in my analysis. I also used three same-sex discussions taken from Season 3, Episode 5, Hit and Run, and Season 1, Episode 11, Up all night. The result shows similarities in both same-sex and mixed-sex conversations regarding women’s use of cooperative speech styles and men’s use of competitive speech styles and interruptions. However, my study found differences regarding women in mixed-sex and Same-sex conversations when it comes to interruptions. Women interrupt in mixed-sex discussions and not in same-sex discussions. Therefore, my analysis of the series modern family is in line with previous research on gender and language.

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Camarata, Joseph. "Video Game Engagement, Gender, and Age: Examining Similarities and Differences in Motivation Between Those Who May or May Not Play Video Games." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3260.

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This research aims to fill a research gap by examining video games to explore whether gender, age, or hours played per week would exert any influence on the information of those who may or may not play video games. Mood Management Theory and Uses and Gratification Theory were used as the theoretical foundation for this study. Four-hundred-three East Tennessee State University students who received the survey via email were asked to voluntarily participate in a survey about their motivations behind playing video games. Results from MANOVA showed that the motivations of male participants on video games were significantly higher than were female participants on video games. Moreover, those who claimed to play five or more hours of video games per week were significantly higher than those who claimed to play zero hours per week.

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Matar, Sameh F. "An exploratoration into job satisfaction and motivation among senior and middle managers in Egyptian textile industry. Explore the similarities and differences in managerial perceptions regarding motivation and job satisfaction among senior and middle managers in Egyptian textile industry and address the effect of their different personal characteristics." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4934.

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This study is an attempt to improve job satisfaction and work motivation of the Egyptian textile managers and to fill the gap in the managerial literature regarding the Egyptian textile working context. The main objective of this study is to explore the motivation and job satisfaction of the Egyptian senior and middle managers. A research model was developed in order to explain and to understand the satisfaction and motivation process of senior and middle managers and was empirically tested in the actual textile context. Egyptian textile managers¿ motivation and job satisfaction were explored by using a total of 247 survey questionnaires and 33 interviews. The major findings indicated that the personal, organisational, and cultural factors were found to influence managers¿ job satisfaction and motivation. Managers were satisfied with their working conditions, job security, and their personal relationships. However, managers were dissatisfied with their pay, promotion, company policies, training, and their appraisal system. Moreover, managers have placed more concern for job content factors rather than for job context factors. The Egyptian culture was positively related with managers¿ concern for good personal relationships, achievement, responsibility, and for seeking to more knowledge. However, it negatively affected women managers¿ status as it led to a gender-biased discrimination towards them. The findings suggest a need to consider the personal differences between managers, improve the promotion system, review salary structure, adopt a results-focused appraisal system, pay more attention to the content job factors, improve training system, increase coordination and delegation of authority, give women equal rights, and increase managers¿ involvement in decision-making process.
Appendices files are not available online.

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Matar, Sameh Fikry. "An exploratoration into job satisfaction and motivation among senior and middle managers in Egyptian textile industry : explore the similarities and differences in managerial perceptions regarding motivation and job satisfaction among senior and middle managers in Egyptian textile industry and address the effect of their different personal characteristics." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4934.

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This study is an attempt to improve job satisfaction and work motivation of the Egyptian textile managers and to fill the gap in the managerial literature regarding the Egyptian textile working context. The main objective of this study is to explore the motivation and job satisfaction of the Egyptian senior and middle managers. A research model was developed in order to explain and to understand the satisfaction and motivation process of senior and middle managers and was empirically tested in the actual textile context. Egyptian textile managers' motivation and job satisfaction were explored by using a total of 247 survey questionnaires and 33 interviews. The major findings indicated that the personal, organisational, and cultural factors were found to influence managers' job satisfaction and motivation. Managers were satisfied with their working conditions, job security, and their personal relationships. However, managers were dissatisfied with their pay, promotion, company policies, training, and their appraisal system. Moreover, managers have placed more concern for job content factors rather than for job context factors. The Egyptian culture was positively related with managers' concern for good personal relationships, achievement, responsibility, and for seeking to more knowledge. However, it negatively affected women managers' status as it led to a gender-biased discrimination towards them. The findings suggest a need to consider the personal differences between managers, improve the promotion system, review salary structure, adopt a results-focused appraisal system, pay more attention to the content job factors, improve training system, increase coordination and delegation of authority, give women equal rights, and increase managers' involvement in decision-making process.

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Vincent, Maureen Anne, and edu au jillj@deakin edu au mikewood@deakin edu au wildol@deakin edu au kimg@deakin. "BODY DISSATISFACTION AND BODY CHANGE STRATEGIES AMONG ADOLESCENTS: A LONGITUDINAL INVESTIGATION." Deakin University. School of Psychology, 2000. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20040906.135500.

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This thesis examined body dissatisfaction and body change behaviors among adolescent girls and boys from a biopsychosocial framework. The contribution of biological, psychological and sociocultural factors were examined in relation to body dissatisfaction, weight loss, weight gain and increased muscle tone behaviors among early adolescent girls and boys. In particular, pubertal maturation, body mass index (BMI), perception of body shape and size and psychological factors, such as depression, anxiety, ineffectiveness, self-esteem and perfectionism, were examined as possible factors that may precipitate or maintain body dissatisfaction and engagement in body change strategies. The sociocultural factors evaluated were the quality of family and peer relationships, as well as the influence of family and peers in predicting the adoption of specific body change strategies. The specific mechanisms by which these influences were transmitted were also examined. These included perceived discussion, encouragement and modelling of various body change strategies, as well as perceived teasing about body shape and size. A number of separate cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were conducted to examine the above relationships and identify the factors that contribute to weight loss, weight gain and increased muscle tone behaviors in adolescents. Study 1 examined the psychometric properties and principal components structure of the Bulimia Test Revised (BULIT-R; Thelen, Farmer, Wonderlich, & Smith, 1991) to assess its applicability to adolescent samples. Study 2 investigated the nature of body dissatisfaction and weight loss behaviors among 603 adolescents (306 girls and 297 boys) using a standardised questionnaire. This preliminary study was conducted to ascertain whether variables previously found to be relevant to adolescent girls, could also be related to the development of body dissatisfaction and weight loss behaviors among adolescent boys. Studies 3 and 4 described the development and validation of a body modification scale that measured weight loss, weight gain and increased muscle tone behaviors. Studies 5 and 6 were designed to modify an Excessive Exercise Scale developed by Long, Smith, Midgley, and Cassidy (1993) into a shorter form, and validate this scale with an adolescent sample. Study 7 investigated the factors that contribute to weight loss, weight gain and increased muscle among adolescent girls and boys both cross-sectionally and longitudinally (over one year). Structural equation modelling was used to examine associations among self-reported body dissatisfaction, body change strategies and a range of biological, psychological and sociocultural variables both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Overall, the results suggested that both girls and boys experience body dissatisfaction and engage in a number of different body change strategies in order to achieve an ideal size. A number of gender similarities and differences were identified in the expression of body dissatisfaction and the adoption of body change strategies for both girls and boys. Girls were more likely than boys to report body dissatisfaction and engage in weight loss behaviors, while boys were more likely than girls to engage in weight gain and increased muscle tone behaviors. Generally, the same factors were found to contribute to weight loss, and more specifically, bulimic symptomatology, ad weight gain in both adolescent girls and boys. While a combination of biological, psychological and sociocultural factors contributed to bulimic symptomatology, only biological and psychological factors were found to contribute to weight gain in adolescents. The most notable gender differences were found in the model of increased muscle tone. Sociocultural and biological factors contributed to increased muscle tone behaviors in girls, while sociocultural and psychological factors were implicated in these behaviors in adolescent boys. With the exception of the model of increased muscle tone for boys, body dissatisfaction was a consistent factor in the adoption of body change behaviors. Consistent with previous investigations, the present thesis provides empirical support for the need to examine the etiology and maintenance of such concerns and behaviors from a multifaceted perspective.

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Herbert, Monique. "Trajectories and Transitions: Exploration of Gender Similarities and Differences in Offending." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/19149.

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This study uses latent class analysis and latent transition analysis to model and compare patterns of offending over time for males and females by: (1) identifying qualitative dimensions of offending; (2) modeling how patterns of offending change over time; and (3) exploring factors related to patterns of offending. This is a secondary analysis of data from the Edinburgh Study of Youth Transition and Crime, a longitudinal study consisting of a cohort of about 4,000 young people from secondary schools in the City of Edinburgh who responded to questionnaires administered between 1988 and 2001, when they were about 12, 13, 14, and 15 years old. Previous studies of offending have used trajectory modeling to explore the course of offending from onset to termination, but the models are generally based on a count of types of offences aggregated across individuals over time, making it difficult to determine whether individuals exhibit more versatility or specialization in offending or switch offences from one point in time to another. In addition, most of the studies on patterns of offending have focused primarily on males. An understanding of patterns of offending over time for both males and females is important for the design and selection of developmentally appropriate prevention/treatment strategies. The present study adds to the literature by (1) further exploring the small and understudied literature on offence transitions; (2) examining more closely the development of female offending separately from and in relation to male offending; and (3) exploring a range of factors (criminogenic and non-criminogenic) related to the development of offending for both males and females. While the same number of qualitative dimensions (latent classes) characterised male and female offending in this study, there were some structural differences. There was also evidence of shifts in the qualitative dimensions for males and females over time. Finally, those factors classified as criminogenic were more likely to differentiate among the latent classes than those classified as non-criminogenic.

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Yeh, Ting-Siou, and 葉庭綉. "The effect of mentoring function on nurses' personal learning: The moderators of gender role, positive personality and prosocial behavior similarities." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e9axzj.

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碩士
國立彰化師範大學
人力資源管理研究所
106
Since the vacancy rate and turnover rate of new nursing staff in public and private medical institutions are high, the mentoring function can not only slow down the excessive loss of new recruits, but also is an important issue in the management of nursing human resources in recent years. This study extends the research of deep similarity in the past, exploring the similarities between gender roles, positive personality and prosocial behavior. We use the dual data of preceptors and new nurses to investigate the effect of gender roles, positive personality and prosocial behavior similarities on mentoring function and personal learning. This study has passed Institutional Review Board(IRB) and we collected the data from the nursing staff of the medical center in middle Taiwan. Respondents were paired with samples of Preceptors and new nurses, and 243 valid matching samples, effective recovery rate is 78.9%. The results of the study show that 1. Mentoring function has a positive effect on personal learning; 2. High gender similarity will strengthen the influence of the mentoring function on personal learning; 3.High prosocial behavior will strengthen the influence of the mentoring function on personal learning. Suggestions and limitations for future study are discussed.

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Yeung, Cheng Man. "A study about portuguese and macanese cinemas : differences and similarities." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/21266.

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The merging of Chinese and Portuguese cultures is the special element for the history of Macau. This dissertation analyzed five Portuguese movies and five Macanese movies from 2008 to 2016 in order to find out the similarities and differences of both cinemas. We studied according to their cinematography, narrative structure and genre. This study investigated the cinematography in terms of typology of shots, camera movements and camera angles. For the analysis of narrative structure, we used the theory of Genette, which is about the time relations between story-and-discourse time. The empiricist method of Janet Staiger was applied to study their film genres. This dissertation examined Arena (Joao Salaviza 2009), Sangue do Meu Sangue (Joao Canijo 2011), Estrada de Palha (Rodrigo Areias 2012), Rafa (Joao Salaviza 2012), Os Gatos não Têm Vertigens (Antonio Pedro Vasconcelos 2014) Crossroad (Keo Lou 2014), Paper Plane (Vincent Hoi 2008), June (Fernando Eloy 2011), Ina (Antonio Caetano de Faria 2015) and Timing (Emily Chan 2015). The conclusion of this study showed that both cinemas used objective camera placement and one protagonist in linear structure; on the other hand, the Portuguese cinema focuses in exploring social issues while the Macanese cinema talks about the city with varied genres.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gender similarities'

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