Dissertations / Theses: 'Gender role conflict'

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Deal, Erin. "Organizational Conflict Styles of Managers: The Effect of Gender Role Orientations." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1468248013.

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Thompkins, Christine Durham. "The Relationship Between Gender Role Conflict and Shame in College Males." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1001954930.

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Hatchman, Bartie Gartrell Pipes Randolph Berlin. "Women's gender role attitudes, career salience, and paid work family conflict." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/2027.

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Selby, Brian W. "The Relation of Attachment, Adjustment and Narcissism to Masculine Gender Role Conflict." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2228/.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between masculine gender role conflict, attachment variables, narcissism, and adjustment. It was expected that men who reported higher masculine gender role conflict would also report unhealthy attachment, have a greater degree of narcissism and poorer adjustment. This study employed a sample of undergraduate males who completed self-report questionnaires measuring masculine gender role conflict, narcissism, adjustment, and attachment. Hypotheses were tested using canonical correlation techniques. Results indicated that healthy attachment was related to low masculine gender role conflict; however, unhealthy attachment was not related to high masculine gender role conflict. In terms of narcissism, higher amounts of narcissism were related to high amounts of gender role conflict, but in a subset of results individuals who reported low masculine gender role conflict also reported higher narcissism in areas that are assumed to relate to positive self regard. Results related to adjustment indicated that high masculine gender role conflict was related to less psychological well-being replicating past studies. Theoretical and methodological issues were discussed in light of these findings.

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Gray, Lorraine. "Perceived Gender Role Conflict and Violence: Mexican American Gang Members." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1440772642.

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Jones, David A. "Gender role conflict, coping, and psychological distress in gay men /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487951595502989.

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Hancock, Tracey. "The influence of male gender role conflict on life satisfaction." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2001. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1072.

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This study examined the relationship between male gender role conflict and life satisfaction, once the effects of both psychological symptoms and recent traumatic life events were accounted for. The study comprised 100 male participants, 50 from a clinical sample and 50 from a non-clinical sample. Participants were aged between 19 and 70. Participants were asked to complete 4 questionnaires: the Gender Role Conflict Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), and the Life Events Questionnaire. Results were obtained using standard and multiple regression analyses. Gender role conflict was found to impact on life satisfaction for both the clinical and normal sample groups. Age was predictive of gender role conflict in the normal sample but not the clinical sample. Older men were found to experience more issues with success, power and conflict than younger men in both sample groups. These findings may assist clinicians in the treatment of male clients. Through therapy men could gain greater insight into how they function in society. Such knowledge would provide them with the option of altering their behaviour patterns, and ultimately living more satisfying lives.

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Simmons, Cheryl Lynn. "Managers' and non-managers' conflict resolution styles: The effect of gender role." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1396.

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Dillon, Mark G. "Masculine gender role conflict and stress : assessment and relation to psychological distress /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3115538.

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Davis, Francine. "Antecedents and Consequents of Gender Role Conflict: An Empirical Test of Sex Role Strain Analysis." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392046090.

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Ward, Steven Donald. "A Study of Gender and Personality Factors in Work-Family Conflict Models." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4757.

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There were three underlying purposes to this study: 1) To test the main effect of gender on work -> family and family -> work conflict; 2) To re-examine the predictors of inter-role conflict used by Frone, Russell, and Cooper (1992) (i.e., job involvement, job stress, family involvement, and family stress); and 3) To investigate the importance of using personality characteristics as predictors of how individuals deal with inter-role conflict. A questionnaire was assembled, consisting of: a work -> family conflict spillover scale, a family -> work conflict spillover scale, a job involvement scale, a family involvement scale, a job stressors scale, a family stressors scale, and two sub-scales from the California Psychological Inventory (i.e., the Managerial Potential scale and the Work Orientation scale) . Questionnaires were completed by 134 employees of a civil service agency. Results indicated that gender was not a significant predictor of either work -> family or family ->work conflict. Job stress was found to be a significant predictor of both work -> family, and family ->work conflict. Where as family stress was found to be a significant predictor of family -> work conflict only. Job involvement was found to be a significant predictor of work -> family conflict for managers only. When all predictors were assessed simultaneously, Work Orientation was the only variable found to be a significant predictor of work -> family conflict. The results from this study clarify and add to Frone, Russell, and Cooper's (1992) study of the work-family interface.

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Simonsen, Gregory. "Masculine Role Conflict in Gay Men: Mediation of Psychological Well-Being and Help-Seeking Behaviors." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278913/.

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Gender role issues have been an integral part of psychology since the 1970s. More recently, theories and research have surfaced concerning the issues of maleness in our society. Most of these theories focus on masculine gender role and how it affects men in various ways, e.g., their psychological well-being, substance use, relational abilities, and help-seeking behaviors. One area of maleness that has consistently been left out of the Masculine Role Conflict (MRC) debate is that of homosexuality. As a gay man develops, he finds himself at odds with society over something that he experiences biologically as normal and appropriate. It is the contention of this paper that MRC is an issue related to psychological distress among gay men and not psychological weakness in gay men, per se.

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Cartier, Chad R. "Asian American men's gender role conflict an investigation of racism-related stress /." Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009cartierc.pdf.

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Gelb, Josh Adam. "Role centrality, gender role ideology and work-family conflict among working fathers in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13686.

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This study examined role centrality and gender role ideology as antecedents of workfamily conflict amongst white-collar working fathers in South Africa (N = 369). Crosssectional, self-report survey data was collected. Exploratory factor analysis supported the bidirectional nature of work-family conflict. Interestingly, work and family role centrality did not explain a significant variance in work-family conflict, however hierarchical multiple regression analysis confirmed that when family centrality interacted with gender role ideology a significant variance of both family-to-work conflict and work-to-family conflict was explained. Moreover supporting a cross-domain relationship between family centrality and work-to-family conflict when interacting with gender role ideology. In the absence of variables interacting with gender role ideology, no significant relationship was found between role centrality and work-family conflict. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications are discussed.

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Canessa, Calderón Víctor Enrique Martín. "Adaptación y propiedades de la "gender role conflict scale" en estudiantes universitarios." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/7470.

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Antecedentes: En nuestro contexto, se han encontrado diversas problemáticas sociales referidas a la temática de género y los roles del mismo, el cual puede ser comprendido bajo una mirada binomial (masculino-femenino) o de identificaciones cruzadas. El Conflicto de rol de género, constructo creado por James O’Neil, refiere al estado psicológico en el que los roles de género tienen consecuencias negativas en uno mismo y los demás. El objetivo ha sido adaptar la escala del presente constructo, Gender Role Conflict Scale, a una población universitaria limeña, corroborando sus propiedades psicométricas en la misma población. Método: La muestra fue constituida por 210 estudiantes hombres con una edad promedio de 19.1 años. Resultados: La composición de la escala mostró comprenderse bajo los cuatro factores originales, manteniendo de manera general la estructura original. Tanto a nivel global como por factor, la escala muestra una fiabilidad aceptable, la cual oscila entre .84 y .86 según factor; así como una buena validez convergente. Conclusiones: El presente instrumento adaptado puede ser utilizado para evaluar el conflicto de rol de género en universitarios hombres limeños.
Background: Current, in Lima, we can find various social issues related to gender roles and gender itself, which can be understood under a binomial perspective (male-female) or cross-identifications. The gender role conflict, construct created by James O'Neil, refers to the psychological state in which gender roles have negative consequences for oneself and others. The aim has been to adapt the scale of this construct, Gender Role Conflict Scale, to a university population in Lima, confirming its psychometric properties in the same population. Method: The sample consisted of 210 male students with an average age of 19.1 years. Results: The composition of the scale showed the original four factors, generally maintaining the original structure. Both globally and by factor, the scale showed acceptable reliability, between .84 and .86 depending of the factor; as well as a good convergent validity. Conclusions: This adapted instrument can be used to evaluate gender role conflict in university men from Lima.
Tesis

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Barnes, Karen 1977. "Through a gendered lens? : institutional approaches to gender mainstreaming in post-conflict reconstruction." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33870.

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Although civil war affects all civilians, it impacts men and women in different ways, and it influences their gender roles and responsibilities. Comparatively little attention has been given to assessing the gender sensitivity of international organizations who implement post-conflict reconstruction programs. The different social, economic and political dimensions of war to peace transitions, and how they impact on gender relations, can shed some light on the complicated intersections of needs and interests in wartorn societies. An examination of the policies of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the World Bank reveals that there is relatively little gender mainstreaming within their post-conflict operations. This research finds that the lack of resources and coordination, the failure to build on local capacities, and a lack of commitment to gender mainstreaming are the main obstacles these organizations face. To improve the situation it is recommended that organizations develop and use a 'gender checklist' at all stages of project planning, implementation and monitoring to ensure increased gender sensitivity in post-conflict programming.

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Fillpot, Cynthia Ann. "Role conflict and hardiness as predictors of role and life satisfaction for women occupying multiple roles." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/900.

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Lee, Haymond. "Does shame mediate the relationship between gender role conflict and psychological distress?" Thesis, University of Surrey, 2018. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/849273/.

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Gender Role Conflict (GRC) correlated with different measures of psychological distress. However, there has been little research investigating the mechanism underpinning these relationships. Shame may be an important mechanism due to conceptual relevance to GRC, and previous research had shown that shame correlated with GRC and different measures of psychological distress. This study aimed to investigate whether shame mediates the relationship between GRC and psychological distress. A quantitative cross-sectional design was used to gather questionnaires relating to the study variables from 204 male participants with a mean age of 29.22 (SD=7.68). Using the causal step approach (Baron & Kenny, 1986) and bootstrapping, the analysis found that shame mediates the relationship between GRC and psychological distress. This finding has treatment implications for treating men’s psychological distress, including targeting shame and deconstructing dominant masculine norms. However, further research would help to establish support for the causal inferences of the study’s findings.

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Blazina, Christopher (Christopher Douglas). "Masculine Gender Role Conflict: Effects on College Men's Scores of Psychological Well-Being, Chemical Substance Usage, and Attitudes toward Help-Seeking." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278498/.

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This purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Gender Role Conflict upon college men's scores of psychological well-being, substance usage, and attitudes toward psychological help-seeking. It was found that the Success, Power, and Competition variable of Gender Role Conflict was the one variable that was consistently related to the measures of interest. Moreover, it was found to be significantly related to a decrease in psychological well-being, including Trait Anger, Angry Reaction subtype of trait anger, Angry Temperament subtype of trait anger, and Trait Anxiety. It was also found that this same variable was significantly related to increased reports of alcohol usage. Where as four of the possible five Gender Role Conflict variables were related to a negative attitude toward help-seeking, the Success, Power, and Competition variable was most heavily weighted.

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El-Kholy, Heba Aziz. "Defiance and compliance : negotiating gender in low income Cairo." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1998. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28958/.

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This thesis explores how low-income women in Cairo respond to gender inequalities in their daily lives, both in the household and in the informal labour market. The aim is to generate knowledge about the diversity of gender relations and ideologies in the Egyptian context and to contribute to broader theoretical debates regarding gender and resistance, with a view to informing both policy and feminist activism. The thesis argues that a modified concept of "everyday forms of resistance" provides a way forward for a more nuanced and contextualized understanding of women's responses to their positions of relative subordination, than do either Marxist approaches to power and consciousness, or the a-historical usage of the notion of patriarchy. The study is based on participant observation and in-depth interviews in four low-income neighbourhoods in Cairo over a period of 15 months. Within the household, research focused on four specific arrangements: pre-marital expectations, marriage negotiations, sexuality, and intra-household decision making. With the labour market, two types of women's work were explored; home-based piece-work, and waged work in small-scale workshops. The links between women's options in workplace and in the household were examined. Results of this exploratory study show that women's perceptions and responses are varied, complex, contradictory and in continuous flux as they interact with broader socio-economic conjunctures. Women displayed both defiance and compliance, both a lack of articulated awareness of their self-interest, and high levels of awareness of some of the injustices against them as women. Sometimes, their actions were pragmatic seeking immediate relief. At other times, they sought more medium or longer-term gains. In some instances, they acted individually and covertly and at other times they acted collectively and articulated their discontent forcefully. Any single conclusion about women's agency would thus be erroneous. Attempts to advance women's interests are also bound to be varied and complex.

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Condon, Rhiannon W. "Parental and Social Influences Associated with the Development of Gender Role Conflict during Female Adolescences: As Related by Mature Women in Gender Variant Career Fields." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1351419346.

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Strachan, Catherine Elizabeth. "The roles of power and gender as determinants of affective responses to intimate conflict." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26928.

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There is a paucity of research studying variables which influence emotional reactions in response to conflict between intimates. The present study examined the roles of power and gender as determinants of affective response to audiotaped scenarios of intimate conflict. Sixty male and 60 female subjects were randomly assigned as either a group leader (high power condition) or group member (low power condition) for the performance of a group task. After receiving their group assignments, subjects completed an affect check list and then listened to an audiotape of a heated conflict between a man and a woman concerning sexual jealousy. Two tapes were presented to control for gender of initiator (i.e., who started the conflict) so that subjects heard either a male-initiated or a female-initiated conflict. After exposure to the conflict stimulus, subjects again completed an affect check list. It was hypothesized that subjects in the high power condition would report more anger than those in the low power condition. In addition, participants in the low power condition would report more anxiety than participants in the high power condition. Also, men were predicted to report more anger than women and women more anxiety than men. The highest anger ratings were found for participants in the low power condition listening to a person of the opposite gender initiate the conflict. This difference was significant for females, although a similar pattern for males was not. Furthermore, an interaction effect was found, with females who had listened to a female-initiated conflict in the high power condition reporting more anger than those in the low power condition, a response pattern that was in the opposite direction to the other three groups. A main effect was found for power, with participants in the low power condition reporting more anger than their high power counterparts. In addition, the results partially supported the hypothesis-regarding anxiety, with subjects in the low power condition reporting significantly more anxiety than those in the high power condition. These results, however, were limited to the male-initiated conflict. A significant gender difference was found for both the anger and anxiety ratings with women reporting more of both affect clusters than men. The results support the basic contention that power and gender are important determinants of affective responses to intimate conflict. The results are discussed in terms of the expectations and cognitions created by power and gender stereotypes and their influence on the process of labelling emotions within the context of intimate conflict.
Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate

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23

Lilly, Roderick L. "Gender role conflict among Black/African American college men : individual differences and psychological outcomes /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9962540.

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La, Hoz Alicia E. "The effect of acculturation and gender role attitudes on marital distress for Hispanic couples." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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Krajny, Kathryn H. "The Gender Role Conflict of Male College Students and Implications for Campus Engagement." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274881426.

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26

Alexander, Phillip Elliott. "The relationship between masculinity ideology and gender role conflict to parenting and marital issues /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9842506.

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Kang, Jinhee. "Relationship between masculine gender role conflict and psychological distress among Korean male college students /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3025629.

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28

Shepard, William D. "Masculine Gender Role Conflict and Psychological Well- Being: A Comparative Study of Heterosexual and Gay Men." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2830/.

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Masculine gender role conflict (MGRC) occurs when externally-imposed male gender role expectations have a negative impact on and consequences for men. The purpose of this study was to examine how men in a homogeneous setting (i.e., a college campus) compare on MGRC and psychological well-being, based on their self-identified sexual orientation. Utilizing canonical correlation analysis, 96 heterosexual men and 102 gay men were compared on four factors of MGRC (conflict between work and family, restrictive emotionality, restrictive affectionate behavior between men, and success, power, and competition) and five factors of psychological well-being (anger, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and attitudes toward seeking psychological help). Findings for the heterosexual men were highly consistent with previous studies on MGRC and psychological well-being in a college-age population. Findings for the gay men indicated they had more problems with MGRC and psychological well-being than college-age and older gay men surveyed in the one published study on gay men and MGRC. Gay men who were single also reported more problems with restrictive emotionality, anger, anxiety, and depression, and had lower self-esteem, than gay men who were in a relationship. Between group differences were few, with gay men reporting significantly less restrictive affectionate behavior between men than heterosexual men. There were no significant differences between the two groups on any of the psychological well-being variables, indicating that the gay men were no more pathological than the heterosexual men with respect to their psychological well-being. Overall, the psychological well-being of both populations was seen to suffer as a result of increased MGRC. Implications are discussed for psychological interventions with men who are bound by traditional male gender role stereotypes.

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Vu, Paul H. "Relations between acculturation and gender role conflict, shame-proneness, and psychological well-being among Vietnamese-American men /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9988707.

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Quach, Emma D. "Multiple Roles in Later Life| Role Enhancement and Conflict and Their Effects on Psychological Well-Being." Thesis, University of Massachusetts Boston, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10239615.

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Holding both work and family roles can be a central experience for men and women, young or old. Yet, to date, the bulk of knowledge on holding roles in both domains is specific to young adults, a critical gap as conditions warrant longer work life. This inquiry thus focused on older working men and women (over 50 years of age) with at least one family role (spouse, parent of adult children, caregiver to an aging parent, or grandparent). With survey data from the Health and Retirement Study in 2010 and 2012, latent profile analysis, path analyses, and regressions were conducted to investigate multiple roles in later adulthood: 1) The extent older workers experience role enhancement and conflict between work and family roles because of role stressors and rewards, and patterns of role enhancement and conflict experiences, 2) The extent role enhancement and conflict (a) mediate between role rewards/stressors and psychological well-being (aging self-perceptions, life satisfaction, and depressive symptoms), and (b) interact with each other when exerting their psychological impacts, 3) Gender differences in role enhancement and conflict experiences and in their psychological consequences. Holding multiple roles in later life was characterized predominantly by work and family roles mutually enhancing each other, rather than conflicting with each other, a pattern driven primarily by low role stressors and secondarily by high role rewards. Role enhancement and conflict mediated the effects of role stressors/rewards on psychological well-being, especially on self-perceptions on aging. Interactive effects were also found: Psychological well-being was fostered by work conflicting with and enhancing the family but compromised by a similar circumstance in the family. Finally, gender differences emerged. Women benefitted more than men from multiple sources of role enhancement and from their work role (even when it enhanced and conflicted with the family). Men’s psychological well-being was neutral to multiple sources of role enhancement, enhanced by multiple sources of role conflict, and compromised by later-life family (when it enhanced and conflicted with work). In conclusion, although men and women experienced multiple roles in unique ways, they overwhelmingly benefitted from socially recognized activities from work and family roles.

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Cook, Nicholas. "Gender role conflict and alcohol metacognitions : implications for the Marlatt Model of Relapse Prevention." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2016. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/1102/.

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Background: The Marlatt model of alcohol treatment (Marlatt & Gordon, 1986) is widespread. A key component of that model is alcohol expectancies. Alcohol expectancies refer to the effects of alcohol use anticipated by individuals. Metacognitive beliefs about alcohol are considered to be a specific form of alcohol expectancy (Spada, Moneta, & Wells). The present study argues that development of a triphasic metacognitive formulation for problematic drinking (Spada, Caselli, & Wells, 2012) represents the single most important advance in alcohol treatment since the advent of the Marlatt model. The formulation postulates that a reduction in positive and negative alcohol metacognitive beliefs leads to a reduction in alcohol use. A crucial element of the metacognitive formulation is attention allocation (Steele & Josephs, 1990). Internally generated conflict, such as gender role conflict (O’Neil, 1981), it is hypothesised, can disrupt attention allocation thereby reducing efficacy of metacognitive treatment. Method: A clinical sample of 102 (male, 74; female, 28) completed the Positive Alcohol Metacognitions Scale (PAM), Negative Alcohol Metacognitions Scale (NAM), Gender Role Conflict Scale (GRCS) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Results: Regression analysis indicated that gender role conflict moderated the relationship between positive alcohol metacognitions and alcohol use in men but not in women. Similar results were obtained for the GRCS subscale ‘Restricted Emotionality’. Conclusions: Findings have implications for gender sensitive interventions in both the Marlatt model generally and metacognitive therapy specifically.

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Borowski, Shelby. "Perceived Work Factors and Parental Engagement: The Mediating Role of Marital Conflict." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78122.

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The parenting literature predominately focuses on individual or family level factors that influence parenting behaviors. The field can benefit from focusing on factors outside the family that influence family roles and behavior. Utilizing a symbolic interactionist and gender perspective, this study examined how perceptions of work spill over into the family roles. More specifically, this study focused on how perceived work factors influence marital conflict and subsequently parental engagement. I specifically examined these perceptions in a sample of parents that frequently travel overnight for work. Traveling for work has become very common in the workplace, yet it is understudied in the research. I aimed to answer the following research questions: a) Are there differences among mothers and fathers who travel for work in their reports of work overload, effort recovery, job satisfaction, marital conflict and parental engagement? b) Do perceived work factors predict parental engagement over and above parent gender and marital conflict? c) Do perceived work factors predict marital conflict, which in turn predicts parental engagement? I used data from a larger multi-method project that examined the influence of travel on work, health, and families. Data were collected using questionnaires. I used traveler reports of their work and family roles, as I was interested in their perceptions of their roles. Results suggested that work factors predicted a significant amount of variance over and above marital conflict and parent gender. The mediation model suggested that job satisfaction, but not work overload or effort recovery, had a significant direct effect on parental engagement. Marital conflict did not mediate the relation between perceived work factors and parental engagement. The results suggest that the parenting field should look beyond the marital dyad when examining factors that influence parenting behaviors, as marital conflict did not assist in explaining parental engagement. Clinicians and practitioners should also focus on factors outside the family (i.e., the work environment) and the influence these factors have on parenting. Workplaces and employers should focus on increasing their employees' job satisfaction in order to enhance parenting behaviors. Limitations and future directions for research are also discussed.
Master of Science

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Komane, Florence Keitumetse. "The Impact of working as a bus driver on women‘s health, workplace relationships and family functioning : the experiences of black female bus drivers in Tshwane, South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/37359.

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The post-apartheid government of the Republic of South Africa implemented new policies to promote equality in the workplace, in terms of both race and gender. As a result, more women are entering the labour market and working as bus drivers; an environment that is highly dominated by men. However, since occupations are historically sex-segregated, the bus driving industry is dominated by men. This set of circumstances therefore challenge women who choose bus driving as a career, for it is regarded as a male profession. This study focuses on one aspect of public transport in South Africa, with a specific focus on female bus drivers. The aim of the research is to explore the experiences of female bus drivers in Tshwane, South Africa in terms of how they deal with the challenges they are faced within the industry. The primary concern of the study is on the impact of their chosen career on their general well-being which is described as workplace relationships, occupational health and family-work balance. It further looks at the driving forces behind these women‘s choice to join the bus industry. Since women were traditionally based in the private sphere (family), the study then looks at how these women have adjusted to the working environment outside of their homes. Moreover, it looks at the relationships these women have with their managers, colleagues and passengers. A total number of sixteen female bus drivers participated in the study. Findings show that the incorporation of women in the bus driving industry has been a challenging one. It has been challenging especially for women as they are prejudged by the majority of people as being incapable of operating buses and as a result, they are faced with hostility. Some of the factors contributing to hostility towards female bus drivers are cultural beliefs, unemployment, competition and age differences. There are also other factors that influenced a shift over time from a negative perception to a more positive perception of female bus drivers over time such as female drivers‘ abilities and capabilities to drive. Due to the working conditions of bus drivers, female bus drivers reported having psychological, sleeping and muscular-skeletal problems. Additionally, balancing work and family life has proven to be difficult for many female bus drivers.
Dissertation (MSocSci)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Sociology
unrestricted

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Manning, Kimberley P. E. "Sexual equality and state building : gender conflict in the Great Leap Forward /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10778.

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Goodwin, Mary Elizabeth. "Gender role conflict, depression, and personality's effect on help seeking behaviors, attitudes, and academic performance." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.

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Egleston, David Oren. "Development and validation of the propensity for inter-role conflict scale." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1100.

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Vershovsky, Viktoria. "The counter stereotypical gender dilemma : A qualitative study about women and their experience of the counter stereotypical gender dilemma when deciding salary claims in salary negotiations." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-169150.

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This study focuses on the mechanisms of women behaviour in salary negotiation, inparticular the counter-stereotypical gender dilemma, a concept this study develops. The dilemma is based on a conflict between the woman role (with characteristics such assubmissiveness, friendliness and communality) and the negotiator role (with conflicting male characteristics such as being strong, being dominant, being assertive and being rational) and is defined as the dilemma of whether to act in accordance to the gender stereotypical role or counter the stereotypical gender role in salary negotiations. The purpose of this study is thus to deepen the understanding of women behaviour in wage negotiations and in the long run contribute to pay equality between men and women. The research question is: how do women experience the counter-stereotypical gender dilemma when deciding salary claims in salary negotiations? 12 women working in white collar – female dominated professions were interviewed. The findings showed that women experienced salary negotiations as in conflict with their sense of self, this sense of self included many characteristics of the stereotypical woman role. This conflict caused women to lower their salary claims as they found high salary claims to be in conflict with who they are. The participating woman also expected backlash for going outside the woman role and claim high salary, this also caused women to lower their salary claims. However the findings also showed that women developed strategies to deal with this dilemma and contexts that mitigated the dilemma where identified.

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McCabe, Heather Kirsten. "Gender Difference in Working Parents' Perceptions of Work/Family Conflict and the Role of Occupational Prestige." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2530.

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As many Americans move away from the traditional homemaker-breadwinner family model, research on gender and work/family conflict has become increasingly important and the question of gender difference in experiences of work/family conflict continues to be relevant. While there is research that shows women tend to experience significantly greater work/family conflict than men, there are also studies that have shown little or no gender difference, and some that offer evidence that men are reporting more work/family conflict. This study contributes to the debate by examining gender and occupational prestige in regard to working parents' perceptions of work-to-family and family-to-work spillover, with a quantitative analysis of national probability sampled survey data from the General Social Survey's Quality of Working Life Module from the years 2006 and 2010. The findings indicate that fathers are reporting significantly more work/family conflict than mothers, and that higher prestige work is associated with greater work/family conflict, but occupational prestige has a gendered effect with work-to-family spillover and is found to be especially salient for fathers. Overall, this study demonstrates the need for policy-makers and employers to acknowledge men's parenthood. The findings are evidence that there is a need for incentivized paternity leave initiatives in the United States, as well as more universal employee work/life programs that address the barriers to fathers utilizing family-accommodating benefits.

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Blomstrand, Evelyn, and Ellen Eklund. "Rollen som pappa i fokus : En kvalitativ socialpsykologisk studie om mäns upplevelser av rollen som pappa." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsa och lärande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15221.

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Det svenska samhället präglas av en jämställdhetsdebatt där regeringen genom sociopolitiska åtgärder aktivt arbetar med att jämställa kvinnor och män. Det har skett förändringar i hur faderskapet och pappans roll framställs i samhället vilket resulterar i nya attribut på rollen som pappa. Denna studie syftar till att beskriva och skapa förståelse för mäns upplevelser av rollen som pappa. Studien är av kvalitativ ansats och genomförd med hjälp av tio semistrukturerade intervjuer. Teoretiska utgångspunkter är rolltagande och socialisation, normer köns- och genusroller samt rollkonflikt. Urvalsgruppen består av män som blivit pappor efter senaste revideringen i föräldraförsäkringslagen 2016-01-01 och är sammanboende med barnets mamma. Datan analyserades med hjälp av fenomenologisk analys. Resultatet visade att männen upplevde rollen som pappa präglad av ansvar, delaktighet och jämställd med den andre föräldern. Männen upplevde att det tog tid att socialiseras in i rollen som pappa där den sociala omgivningen och normer samt den egna pappans antagande av rollen som pappa påverkade. Männen upplevde att traditionella könsroller allt mer suddas ut vilket resulterade i förändrade attityder från omgivningen där främst arbetsgivarens stödjande förhållningssätt beskrevs uppmuntrande till att ta ut föräldraledighet.
The Swedish society is characterized of an ongoing gender equal debate where the government through social policy measures is actively working on equating men and women. There have been many changes about how fatherhood and the father's role is portrayed in the society which results in new attribute to the father’s role. This qualitative study aims to describe how men experience their role as a father in contemporary time. The study uses ten semi-structured interviews as an instrument. Role-takingand socialization, norms and gender roles and role-conflict, social normsand gender roleis constituted as theoretical framework. The sample consists of men who have children born after the latest revision of parental leave insurance 2016-01-01 and are cohabiting with the child’s mother. The data were analyzed by using a phenomenological analysis. The result showed that the men perceived their role as a father as being characterized by responsibility, participation and equal to the other parent. The men perceived that it took time to socialize in to the role as a father were the social environment, norms and also their own fathers role affected them when taking on the role as a father. The traditional gender roles are changing which results in transformed attitudes from the social environment where mainly the employers supporting approach was described to encourage the respondents to take out parental leave.

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Bitbol-Saba, Nathalie. "La gestion des conflits de rôles chez les auditrices légales en situation d’interactions avec le client." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05D001/document.

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Cette thèse a pour objectif de contribuer à la compréhension des conflits de rôles vécus par les auditrices légales. Ces conflits de rôles et leurs modes de gestion sont analysés dans un contexte professionnel et relationnel spécifique : celui des interactions avec le client. Cette thèse se présente sous la forme d’une étude de terrain qualitative combinant trois méthodes de recueil des données : observations non participantes, entretiens semi-directifs et récit de vie. L’échantillon d’étude est composé d’auditrices exerçant dans les grands cabinets anglo-saxons dits Big 4 ainsi qu’auprès de professionnelles ayant fait le choix de l’exercice en libéral, d’auditeurs et de client(e)s. Nous identifions six rôles endossés par les auditrices en situation d’interactions avec le client, dont le rôle d’objet sexuel, absent de la littérature comptable. Les interactions peuvent ré-activer des conflits de rôles déjà vécus de l’intérieur des firmes, en générer de nouveaux, inhiber ou supprimer certains conflits de rôles. Nous mettons en évidence deux conflits inter-rôles qui relèvent d’une co-construction de sens entre l’auditrice et le client. Ils induisent deux modes de gestion des conflits de rôles différents et non mutuellement exclusifs. Le premier est composé de cinq tactiques interactionnelles adaptatives qui font l’objet d’une typologie. Le second relève de questionnements de fond et d’une réinterprétation quant au rôle de professionnelle prescrit par les firmes d’audit. Il envisage la conciliation de registres d’interactions à la fois masculin et féminin avec le client. Enfin, des différences en termes de conflits de rôles et de leur gestion sont identifiées entre les auditrices exerçant en Big 4 et celles exerçant en libéral au sein de petites ou moyennes structures
This thesis aims to help better understand role conflicts experienced by female statutory auditors. These role conflicts and the way they are managed are analysed in a specific professional and relational context: that of interactions with the client. This thesis is presented in the form of a qualitative field study combining three methods of collecting data: non participative observations, semi-directed interviews and life history. Our sample includes female auditors working in Big 4 firms and medium or small sized firms, as well as male and female clients. It reveals six roles taken on by female auditors, including that of sexual object, absent from accounting research. Interactions with clients can reactivate role conflict experienced within the firms, generate new ones, inhibit or even suppress some of them. It identifies two inter-role conflicts arising from a co-construction of meaning between the female auditor and the client. It also reveals two kinds of role conflict management which are not mutually exclusive. The first is composed of six adaptative interactional tactics which reinforce an established order of gender and where women are both victims and agents of their condition. A typology of these adaptative interactional tactics is proposed. The second, which could be qualified as radical, comes from a deep questioning of the professional role defined by audit firms. It consists of a reinterpretation of the professional role of female auditors. It envisages the reconciliation of both masculine and feminine modes of interaction with the client. Differences in termes of conflict roles and role conflict management are identified between female auditors working in Big 4 firms and female auditors working in medium or small sized firms

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Shek, Yen Ling. "The relationships of racial identity and gender-role conflict to self-esteem of Asian American undergraduate men." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2657.

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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.
Thesis research directed by: Counseling and Personnel Services. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Kleinplatz, Peggy Joy. "The impact of gender-role identity, conformity and choice on women's self-esteem, lifestyle satisfaction and conflict." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5344.

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Schreck, Kimberly A. "Splitting heirs : gender, race, and the properties of unreconstructed households /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3144454.

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Mudd, James Edmund. "The Relationship Between Gender Role Conflict, Psychological Distress, and Attitudes and Intentions Toward Seeking Psychological Help in Divorced Gay Fathers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23919.

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The purpose of the study was to explore the statistical relationships among selected variables related to gay divorced fathers in order to develop a better understanding of their gender role conflict and help-seeking behaviors. Participants (N=105) self-identified as Caucasian (91%), resided in the United States (90%), holding a bachelor's degree or higher (80%), and annual incomes of less than $80,000 (52%). The men ranged in age from 29 to 78 (M= 54), married from 1 to 38 years (M= 18), and divorced from 5 months to just under 37 years (M= 10). Participants completed an on-line questionnaire that included (a) Gender Role Conflict Scale, (b) Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale, (c) Intentions to Seeking Counseling Inventory, (d) Hopkins Symptom Checklist, (e) two open-ended prompts, and (f) demographic questions. Participants who had received mental health services in the past were asked to report on what prompted them to seek services and the helpfulness of those services. Analysis of Pearson r was used to answer each of the research questions related to (a) GRC and psychological distress (positive correlation); (b) GRC and attitudes and intentions towards seeking psychological help (negative correlation); and (c) years married and psychological distress (negative correlation). Significance was not identified between time since divorce and any other variable. Over 80% of the participants had used mental health services with the three main reasons being coming-out, depression, and sexual identity. The most beneficial resources they had available to them and/or they would recommend to others were support groups, counseling/therapy, and general support. Findings are limited by a lack of cultural and ethnic diversity among the sample. Implications include using group counseling methods and/or a coaching model for service delivery. An informed integrated approach that focuses on systems, role development, and strategic thinking is recommended. Interventions should include depression and suicide assessments, brief solution focused methods, narrative work, social networking, and community resource guides. Future research should seek to determine between group differences with regards to the impact GRC has on one's ability to adjust to change, establish and maintain relationships, and willingness to seek help.
Ph. D.

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Rivera-Perez, Ydalith G. "Men's Gender Role Conflict as a Moderator of the Relationship between Substance Use Severity and Emotion Regulation Difficulties." Thesis, Fielding Graduate University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10745728.

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Research has shown that there is a complex association between emotion regulation difficulties and increased substance use. This study investigated men?s gender role conflict (GRC) as a possible moderator of this relationship. A sample of 144 adult males from the United States completed measures of alcohol use (MAST), non-alcohol substance use (DAST-20), emotion regulation difficulties (DERS), and men?s GRC (GRCS). GRCS was found to significantly correlate with DERS, MAST, and DAST-20. DERS emerged as a significant predictor for alcohol use severity and GRCS as a significant predictor for the non-alcohol substance use severity. In the regression models that included covariates, the age of first use emerged as a significant predictor of substance use severity and only DERS continued to significantly predict alcohol use severity. Men?s GRC was not found to significantly moderate the relationship between emotion regulation difficulties and substance use severity in this sample. A trend was observed where the association between emotion regulation difficulties and alcohol use severity appeared to be stronger at higher levels of men?s GRC. These findings support previous research that has found an association between men?s gender role conflict and substance use severity; however, further research is needed to clarify the nature of this association.

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Macaulay-Reif, Teegan. "Evaluating the influence of a family supportive work environment on work-family conflict : the moderating role of gender /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2007. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19846.pdf.

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Chávarri, Cafferata Mariel Alejandra, and Nuñovero Andrea Lamas. "Propiedades psicométricas de la Gender Role Conflict Scale en varones trabajadores del sector de comunicaciones de Lima Metropolitana." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652409.

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El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la Gender Role Conflict Scale (GRCS) en varones que trabajan en el sector de comunicación en Lima Metropolitana. La muestra estuvo conformada por 337 varones, cuyo rango de edad oscila entre 23 a 58 años (M =34.00, DE = 9.39). Los instrumentos aplicados fueron la GRCS y la Escala de Pensamientos Patriarcales (EPP). En la validez basada en la estructura interna se comprobó el modelo de cuatro factores relacionados, mostrando un buen ajuste (χ²/gl = 2.06, CFI = .86 y, RMSEA = .06).  En la validez basada en relaciones con otras variables, entre los factores de la GRCS se obtuvo correlaciones altas y moderadas (valores de Pearson entre .24 y .78) y con las dimensiones de la EPP arrojó correlaciones bajas y moderadas (valores de Spearman entre .10. y .39). Los resultados del análisis de confiabilidad por consistencia interna indicaron coeficientes Omega (>.70) adecuados por cada dimensión. En general, la GRS posee adecuadas propiedades psicométricas.
The objective of the research was to determine the psychometric properties of the Gender Role Conflict Scale (GRCS) in men who work in the communication sector in Metropolitan Lima. The sample was made up of 337 men, whose age range ranged from 23 to 58 years (M = 34.00, SD = 9.39). The instruments applied were the GRCS and the Scale of Patriarchal Thoughts (EPP). In the validity based on the internal structure, the four-factor model was tested, showing a good fit (χ² / gl = 2.06, CFI = .86 and, RMSEA = .06). In the validity based on relationships with other variables, between the GRCS factors it obtained high and moderate correlations (Pearson values between .24 and .78) and with the dimensions of the EPP it produced low and moderate correlations (Spearman values between. 10. and .39). The results of the internal consistency reliability analysis indicated by dimension an adequate Omega coefficient (> .70) in the scale and its dimensions. In general, the GRCS has adequate psychometric properties.
Tesis

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Corker, Tanya. "The association between socioeconomic status and mens' help seeking for psychological distress: The role of conformity to masculine norms and gender role conflict." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616953.

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Introduction: Previous research shows that men are less likely than women to access psychological services, even when they experience the same level of psychological or emotional distress. Therefore it is important to explore baniers to men's access to help and support. Previous research suggests that lower socioeconomic status negatively impacts the physical and psychological health of men. However, there is little research on how socioeconomic status affects mens' intentions to seek help when experiencing psychological distress. Previous research suggests that the more men confOlm to traditional masculine nOlms, the greater gender role conflict they experience and the less likely they are to seek help when experiencing psychological distress. This study therefore examines whether gender role conflict and conformity to masculine norms mediate any relationship between socioeconomic status and mens' intentions · towards seeking psychological help. Method: One hundred and seventy five men aged between 18-66 took pmt in an online survey. Occupation was used as the primary indicator of socioeconomic status and data on intentions to seek help was collected separately for formal and infOlmal sources of help. General linear models were fitted to examine whether intentions to seek help varied by indicators of socioeconomic status adjusting for potential confounders. Mediation using bootstrapping was used to examine whether conformity to masculine norms and gender role conflict mediated any relationship. Results: Intentions to seek informal help were found to be negatively associated with socioeconomic status but the picture for formal help seeking was more complex with unemployed men reporting the highest levels of intentions to seek help. The subscales of the measure of conformity to masculine nOlms indicating emotional control and self-reliance and the measure of gender role conflict indicating restrictive emotionality individually mediated the negative relationship between socioeconomic status and intentions to seek informal help. Conclusions: These findings suggest the need to pay further clinical and 112 I 't 11 1 theoretical attention to socioeconomic status, and particular aspects of gender role conflict (restrictive emotionality) and conformity to masculine norms (emotional control and self-reliance) and how they impact on help seeking behaviour in order to encourage men to access both informal arid formal sources of support when they experience psychological distress. 113

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Condon, Rhiannon W. "Parental and Social Influences Associated with the Development of Gender Role Conflict during Female Adolescences| As Related by Mature Women in Gender Variant Career Fields." Thesis, The University of Toledo, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3564171.

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Human development involves numerous interactions between the individual and social typecasts, family values, cultural traditions, media stereotypes, and a variety of external sources placing normative values and expectations on human development. These interactions can provide strong gender role typecasting, especially in developing adolescents, and sets boundaries for social interaction, support, and peer group associations (Hall-Lande, Eisenberg, Christenson, & Sztainer, 2007). One critical phase of development occurs between pre-pubescence and adolescence (Greenfield, Keller, Fuligni, & Maynard, 2003). The focus of this study is on female adolescent development and the effects of social/parental stressors utilized to force conformity and describe appropriate gender expectations to achieve essentials for success. The presence of gender role stressors during development will be utilized to establish the existence and effects of gender role conflict. The manifestation of Gender Role Conflict (GRC) occurs when external perceptions, gained through parental or social influences, formalize within developing females and creates incongruence between individual goals and social forces pressures acting on the developmental process (Hoffman, 2006a). Female adolescence provides a challenge to individual awareness or submission to social compliance when forming developmental pathways to adulthood. All women do not necessarily experience gender role stress during adolescence development. However, for those who do, gender role related stress creates varied levels of dissonance between personal determination and social context (Fine, 2011). GRC is the resultant stresses which often mark the difference between successful developmental achievements or confounding socially prescribed developmental attitudes with unresolved conflict and elevated stress (Small & Memmo, 2004). This study will examine gender role conflict as it develops from intra-familial stress, social structure, and regional cultural influences and the resultant negative effect in achieving individuation, positive sense of self, and attainment of life goals (Hertzman, 2002). Stress has the potential to develop positive or negative connotations during development. However, this study focuses on the negative aspects of stress related gender role conflict and the long term effects on development (Dickerson, 2004). The researcher will utilize qualitative comparative case study design to examine the development of, or effects from parental, social, and cultural influences on adolescent female development and goal achievement (Martin & Fabes, 2009). The experiences of adult women who currently occupy gender variant career fields will be examined in order to identify the personal or social influences that affected career decisions. This research is not a study of career fields. Rather, it is a study of women who by career choice have broken career related social stereotypes and were more likely to have experienced gender role stress during development (Worell & Goodheart, 2006). Social and familial developmental expectations are primarily predicated on gender role assignment as specified by birth sex (Fine, 2011). The resultant developmental gender role conflict emerges when external developmental influences are not congruent with individual values or goals (Allison & Schultz, 2004). Gender role preconceptions, as determined by birth sex alone, have been framed without regard to individual differences or consideration of the developing female's self-expression or experience as she matures (Barnett, Biener, & Baruch, 1997). As such, the adolescent female is unwittingly placed in narrowly defined categories formed by societal and familial influences without regard to her individual characteristics or her voice (Anthony, Holmes, & Wood, 2007). The experiences of adult women as related to adolescent development, parental or social influences apparent, and/or existence of GRC prior to entering gender variant career fields will be obtained and discussed within this dissertation.

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Ehrlich, Katherine Babcock. "Conflict at home and problems with peers family-peer linkages and the role of adolescent depressive symptoms and gender /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8203.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Psychology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gender role conflict'

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