Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gender role conflict

Academic literature on the topic 'Gender role conflict'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Gender role conflict":

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Kim, Elizabeth J., James M. O'Neil, and Steven V. Owen. "Asian-American Men's Acculturation and Gender-Role Conflict." Psychological Reports 79, no. 1 (August 1996): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.79.1.95.

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There is limited research on Asian-Americans' acculturation and conflicts with contemporary gender roles. This research assessed three samples of Asian-American men's acculturation and gender-role conflict. Differences between Chinese-American, Japanese-American, and Korean-American men's acculturation and the four patterns of gender-role conflict were analyzed. The relationship of demographic and acculturation variables to gender-role conflict was also calculated. Subjects ( N = 125) were administered a demographic questionnaire, the Suinn-Lew Asian Self-identity Acculturation Scale, and the Gender-role Conflict Scale. Multivariate analysis of variance showed no differences between the Asian-American groups on acculturation and the four patterns of gender-role conflict. A canonical correlation analysis indicated one significant variate connecting acculturation with two patterns of issues of gender-role conflict: success, power, and competition and restrictive emotionality. Methodological limitations and research are mentioned.
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Luhaorg, Helen, and Marilyn T. Zivian. "Gender role conflict: The interaction of gender, gender role, and occupation." Sex Roles 33, no. 9-10 (November 1995): 607–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01547720.

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Pinhas, Leora, Harriet Weaver, Pier Bryden, Nagi Ghabbour, and Brenda Toner. "Gender-Role Conflict and Suicidal Behaviour in Adolescent Girls." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 47, no. 5 (June 2002): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370204700509.

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Objective: This study examined whether gender-role conflict influenced the suicidal behaviour of adolescent girls. Method: We designed a checklist and used it to perform a chart review. Results: Gender-role conflict was associated with suicidal behaviour in 26.79% of the adolescent girls, and 2.68% of the adolescent boys, that we studied. Conclusions: Gender-role conflict plays an important role in the suicidal behaviour of girls. At present, there is no published research examining the impact of gender-role conflict on suicidal adolescents. Objectif: Cette étude examine si le conflit entre sexe et rôle influence le comportement suicidaire des adolescentes. Méthode: Nous avons mis au point une liste de vérification et l'avons utilisée pour effectuer une étude de dossiers. Résultats: Le conflit sexe-rôle était associé au comportement suicidaire chez 26,79 % des adolescentes et chez 2,68 % des adolescents que nous avons observés. Conclusions: Le conflit sexe-rôle joue un rôle important dans le comportement suicidaire des filles. À l'heure actuelle, aucune étude n'a été publiée sur l'effet du conflit sexe-rôle sur le suicide des adolescentes.
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Rustemeyer, Ruth. "Interrelations among Gender-Role Conflict, Typicality of Occupations, and Self-Esteem." Psychological Reports 89, no. 3 (December 2001): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.89.3.489.

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The present study was conducted with 549 women and men who were employed in gender-typical occupations or who were in vocational training, further qualification, or retraining for one of these job. We examined whether a gender-typical occupation is related to gender-role conflicts of women and men in work settings and whether self-esteem moderates the experiences of conflict. Generally, we cannot confirm influence of gender-typical jobs on experience of conflict. The results, however, supply evidence for the fact that women experience higher gender-role conflicts than men in all occupations. Women and men of low self-esteem engaged in typically female occupations experience especially high gender-role conflict.
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Balane, Kit N., and Godofreda O. Tirol. "Masculinity Ideology and Gender Role Conflict." University of Bohol Multidisciplinary Research Journal 3, no. 1 (May 18, 2015): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15631/ubmrj.v3i1.20.

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Masculinity ideology refers to beliefs, constructs, and conceptualizations of the norms and roles of men. This research aimed to find out the level of endorsement of Filipino men to the prevailing masculinity ideology and their level of gender role conflict. Furthermore, this study desired to increase men’s awareness of their roles and work hand in hand with women. A cross-sectional survey research design was utilized for this study. A minimum of 900 questionnaires were purposely distributed to volunteers who were single, working, at least 18 years of age, have finished college, or if not, have at least some college experience to satisfy the requirement for a regression analysis method. Data were subjected to the Pearson R correlation method utilizing SPSS. Results showed the seemingly standing belief that men should be good providers of the family. Individual characteristics defined their roles as being objective, independent, and competitive rather than being physically strong or brave, or attractive to the opposite sex. Among the masculinity ideologies, it is Macho-Guapito (virile -handsome) that is related to all the areas of gender role conflict. Gender role conflict was only slightly experienced by men, with the highest score in the area of success, power, and competition.
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Sharpe, Mark J., and P. Paul Heppner. "Gender role, gender-role conflict, and psychological well-being in men." Journal of Counseling Psychology 38, no. 3 (1991): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.38.3.323.

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O'NEIL, JAMES M., and MARIANNE ROBERTS CARROLL. "A Gender Role Workshop Focused on Sexism, Gender Role Conflict, and the Gender Role Journey." Journal of Counseling & Development 67, no. 3 (November 1988): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1988.tb02091.x.

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Wester, Stephen R. "Male Gender Role Conflict and Multiculturalism." Counseling Psychologist 36, no. 2 (March 2008): 294–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000006286341.

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Blazina, Chris, Maribel A. Cordova, Stewart Pisecco, and Anna G. Settle. "Gender Role Conflict Scale for Adolescents." Boyhood Studies 1, no. 2 (September 1, 2007): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/thy.0102.191.

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This study investigated the Gender Role Conflict Scale-Adolescent Version (GRCS-A) and its relationship with the Gender Role Conflict Scale (GRCS), the measure from which it was adapted. Significant correlations between the adult and adolescent versions provided support for the concurrent validity of the GRCS-A. Further analyses revealed that two other measures of male masculinity, the Adolescent Masculinity Ideology in Relationships Scale (AMIRS) and Male Role Attitudes Scale (MRAS), are also significantly related to the GRCS-A. Implications for future research and clinical use are discussed.
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O'Neil, James M. "Summarizing 25 Years of Research on Men's Gender Role Conflict Using the Gender Role Conflict Scale." Counseling Psychologist 36, no. 3 (January 14, 2008): 358–445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000008317057.

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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Gender role conflict' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gender role conflict":

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Deal, Erin. "Organizational Conflict Styles of Managers: The Effect of Gender Role Orientations." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1468248013.

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Thompkins, Christine Durham. "The Relationship Between Gender Role Conflict and Shame in College Males." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1001954930.

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Hatchman, Bartie Gartrell Pipes Randolph Berlin. "Women's gender role attitudes, career salience, and paid work family conflict." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/2027.

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Selby, Brian W. "The Relation of Attachment, Adjustment and Narcissism to Masculine Gender Role Conflict." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2228/.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between masculine gender role conflict, attachment variables, narcissism, and adjustment. It was expected that men who reported higher masculine gender role conflict would also report unhealthy attachment, have a greater degree of narcissism and poorer adjustment. This study employed a sample of undergraduate males who completed self-report questionnaires measuring masculine gender role conflict, narcissism, adjustment, and attachment. Hypotheses were tested using canonical correlation techniques. Results indicated that healthy attachment was related to low masculine gender role conflict; however, unhealthy attachment was not related to high masculine gender role conflict. In terms of narcissism, higher amounts of narcissism were related to high amounts of gender role conflict, but in a subset of results individuals who reported low masculine gender role conflict also reported higher narcissism in areas that are assumed to relate to positive self regard. Results related to adjustment indicated that high masculine gender role conflict was related to less psychological well-being replicating past studies. Theoretical and methodological issues were discussed in light of these findings.
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Gray, Lorraine. "Perceived Gender Role Conflict and Violence: Mexican American Gang Members." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1440772642.

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Jones, David A. "Gender role conflict, coping, and psychological distress in gay men /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487951595502989.

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Hancock, Tracey. "The influence of male gender role conflict on life satisfaction." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2001. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1072.

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This study examined the relationship between male gender role conflict and life satisfaction, once the effects of both psychological symptoms and recent traumatic life events were accounted for. The study comprised 100 male participants, 50 from a clinical sample and 50 from a non-clinical sample. Participants were aged between 19 and 70. Participants were asked to complete 4 questionnaires: the Gender Role Conflict Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), and the Life Events Questionnaire. Results were obtained using standard and multiple regression analyses. Gender role conflict was found to impact on life satisfaction for both the clinical and normal sample groups. Age was predictive of gender role conflict in the normal sample but not the clinical sample. Older men were found to experience more issues with success, power and conflict than younger men in both sample groups. These findings may assist clinicians in the treatment of male clients. Through therapy men could gain greater insight into how they function in society. Such knowledge would provide them with the option of altering their behaviour patterns, and ultimately living more satisfying lives.
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Simmons, Cheryl Lynn. "Managers' and non-managers' conflict resolution styles: The effect of gender role." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1396.

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Dillon, Mark G. "Masculine gender role conflict and stress : assessment and relation to psychological distress /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3115538.

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Davis, Francine. "Antecedents and Consequents of Gender Role Conflict: An Empirical Test of Sex Role Strain Analysis." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392046090.

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Books on the topic "Gender role conflict":

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1935-, Taylor Anita, and Miller Judi Beinstein, eds. Conflict and gender. Cresskill, N.J: Hampton Press, 1994.

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Fallon, Melissa A. Gender role conflict revisited: An exploration of gender role expectations and conflict among female rugby players. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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N, Moser Caroline O., and Clark Fiona C. 1975-, eds. Victims, perpetrators or actors?: Gender, armed conflict and political violence. London: Zed Books, 2001.

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1947-, Crosby Faye J., ed. Spouse, parent, worker: On gender and multiple roles. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987.

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El-Bushra, Judy. Cycles of violence: Gender relations and armed conflict. Nairobi, Kenya: Acord, 2005.

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1949-, Giles Wenona Mary, and Hyndman Jennifer, eds. Sites of violence: Gender and conflict zones. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004.

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Silber, Nina. Gender and the sectional conflict. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009.

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O'Neil, James M. Men's gender role conflict: Psychological costs, consequences, and an agenda for change. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/14501-000.

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Rosemary, Crompton, and Mann Michael 1942-, eds. Gender and stratification. Cambridge, CB, UK: Polity Press, 1986.

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Barnett, Rosalind C. Multiple roles, gender and psychological distress. Wellesley, Mass: Wellesley College, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gender role conflict":

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Schippers, Joop. "Gender Role Conflict." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 2461–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_1141.

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Blazina, Christopher, and James M. O’Neil. "Gender Role Conflict: Boyhood in Distress." In Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 1147–52. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1695-2_29.

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Blazina, Christopher, and James M. O’Neil. "Gender Role Conflict: Boyhood in Distress." In Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 1566–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33228-4_29.

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Beaglaoich, Cormac Ó., Kiran M. Sarma, and Todd G. Morrison. "New Directions in Gender Role Conflict Research." In International and Cultural Psychology, 17–51. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6931-5_2.

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O'Neil, James M. "The Gender Role Journey Workshop: Exploring sexism and gender role conflict in a coeducational setting." In Men in groups: Insights, interventions, and psychoeducational work., 193–213. Washington: American Psychological Association, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10284-013.

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Afshana, Syeda, and Heeba Din. "Role of Media in Conflict Management: A Case Study of 2016 Kashmir Unrest." In Development, Governance and Gender in South Asia, 159–77. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5109-0_11.

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Rajadhyaksha, Ujvala, and Sofiya Velgach. "What Is a Better Predictor of Work-Family Conflict in India? – Gender or Gender Role Ideology." In Work and Family Interface in the International Career Context, 71–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17647-5_5.

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O'Neil, James M., Stephen R. Wester, Martin Heesacker, and Steven J. Snowden. "Masculinity as a heuristic: Gender role conflict theory, superorganisms, and system-level thinking." In The psychology of men and masculinities., 75–103. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0000023-004.

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O’Neil, James M., Robyn Denke, and Chris Blazina. "Gender Role Conflict Theory, Research, and Practice: Implications for Understanding the Human–Animal Bond." In Men and Their Dogs, 11–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30097-9_2.

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O'Neil, James M., and Robyn Denke. "An empirical review of gender role conflict research: New conceptual models and research paradigms." In APA handbook of men and masculinities., 51–79. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/14594-003.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gender role conflict":

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Ledyaeva, Ekaterina Alexandrovna. "INTERNAL GENDER ROLE CONFLICT." In Российская наука: актуальные исследования и разработки. Самара: Самарский государственный экономический университет, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/russian.science-2022.02-1-211/214.

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Sinulingga, Anita. "More Than Victims: The Role of Women in Conflict Zones." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Gender, Culture and Society, ICGCS 2021, 30-31 August 2021, Padang, Indonesia. EAI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.30-8-2021.2316294.

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Dong, Baolin, and Huan Zhang. "Social Support and Leisure Exercise of Female College Students A Mediating Effect of Gender-role Conflict." In 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities (ICCESSH 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccessh-17.2017.259.

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Kohl, Marie-Anne. "Die weinende Jury. »Geschlechtslose« Tränen bei globalen Musik-Castingshows?" In Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Musikforschung 2019. Paderborn und Detmold. Musikwissenschaftliches Seminar der Universität Paderborn und der Hochschule für Musik Detmold, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25366/2020.59.

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Tears are flowing. Whether Yvonne Catterfeld, Kazim as-Sahir, Unati Msenga-na, Liu Huan, Simon Cowell or Lira – they are all part of a jury of global music casting show formats such as The Voice, Idol or Got Talent and show their tears in front of the camera, seemingly ashamed and yet completely uninhibited. Their tears flow in reaction to ‘particularly soulful’ music titles or to the candidates’ tragic personal stories, paired with the ‘right’ song selection. The display of great emotions is an essential element of reality TV formats. With Sara Ahmed, they can be understood in the sense of an ‘affective economy’ as an effect of their circulation, their staging as a specific ‘emotional style’ of dealing with emotions (Eva Illouz). The circulation of affects in casting shows is a global one, since the formats, developed in Europe, have produced local versions in over 60 countries worldwide. Emotions play an important role in the successful localization of the formats and define a complex area of conflict between a sensitization to socio-cultural characteristics and the ‘reproduction of culturalistic concepts’ (Laura Sūna) or clichés. In European cultural history, tears have developed a special significance as guarantors of the authenticity of empathy (Sigrid Weigel), and are generally associated with femininity, however at the same time have been film-historically recoded as ‘gender-neutral’ (Renate Möhrmann). Keeping in mind that all these casting show formats have been exported from Europe, these observations are of special interest, especially since one can see men and women crying equally in the Arabic, German or South African versions of e. g. The Voice. This article questions the concurrence of musical performance, display of tears, gender performance and the translocal dramaturgy of music casting shows.
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Dawson, Jeffrey. "Training statistics graduate students in ethics, reproducible research, and other best practices." In Teaching Statistics in a Data Rich World. International Association for Statistical Education, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.17502.

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Graduate students in many fields are required to receive formal training in scholarly integrity. Some institutions offer general courses to address this need, but statistics students may benefit from training more specific to the discipline. We have developed a “Scholarly Integrity in Biostatistics” course, which addresses the competencies mandated by several U.S. funding agencies, while emphasizing the key roles that statisticians have in collaborative research. The course meets one hour per week, and its topics include student/mentor relationships, communication skills, gender bias, conflict resolution, authorship, human and animal subjects’ issues, statistical review of manuscripts, plagiarism, copyright laws, conflicts of interest and commitment, reproducible research, and publication bias. Course credit and grades are based on attendance, class participation, short writing assignments, and a term project. The course has been offered four times, and has been received favorably by the students and by the administration.
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Roskosa, Antra, and Yulia Stukalina. "Exploring Students’ Perception of Gender Diversity: Implications for Diversity Management at a University." In 15th International Scientific Conference "Rural Environment. Education. Personality. (REEP)". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Engineering. Institute of Education and Home Economics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/reep.2022.15.004.

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The increasing role of diversity management in educational settings is a response to numerous social challenges that modern universities encounter. The diversity management training linked with promoting social sustainability is crucial in the context of accomplishing the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations Organization. The aim of the paper is to explore students’ perception of gender diversity for mapping their attitudes to diversity and identify main barriers for accepting diversity. It is important for creating advanced teaching strategies, which can be successfully used to build the learning environment that is safe, inclusive and unbiased. In the context of diversity management, it would help the university (students/teaching staff/administration/other employees) avoid the conflicts caused by gender diversity/equality. The main research method includes a survey based on an original questionnaire developed on the basis of students’ essays. The results of the study demonstrate that students’ views on gender diversity/equality are quite sensitive and can be many-sided. This fact is of a high importance for universities to be considered for promoting the democratic processes there
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Zabelina, Daria. "THE REVIVAL OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL THEATER — KOMEDYA." In 9th International Conference ISSUES OF FAR EASTERN LITERATURES. St. Petersburg State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288062049.39.

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Komedya, or moro-moro, is a genre of the Philippine national theater that was flourishing from the second half of the 17th century until the second half of the 19th century. The genre formation was a part of catholic missioners propaganda activities. In time, komedya became the most popular dramatic genre in colonial Philippines. The common features of komedya are: 1) the central theme of komedya is fight between Christians and Muslims, where Christians always win; 2) actions described in komedya never take place in the Philippines, but in an exotic country, for instance in Turkey or in Armenia; 3) Spanish missioners played an important role in the formation of the genre; 4) komedya is the national theater; 5) komedya is a secular genre as adventures dominate over the religious motives. In the middle of the 19th century komedya was criticized by the most progressive Filipinos for being extravagant, lacking logic and not touching upon current Philippine problems. By the beginning of the 20th century komedya was not staged anymore almost everywhere in the Philippines. Its place was taken by the other genres. A number of actions to bring komedya back to its former popularity have been undertaken from the 1970s with the great support of the cultural center of the Philippines and University of the Philippines. It is important to mention that the genre is being changed in order to correspond the needs of the modern Philippine society. For example, the Muslim conflict is not the main topic of the modern Philippine national play as it contradicts the national policy of the Philippines.
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Ringendahl, Elisa. "Lied versus Oper – Pole musikalischer Gattungen bei Oscar Bie." In Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Musikforschung 2019. Paderborn und Detmold. Musikwissenschaftliches Seminar der Universität Paderborn und der Hochschule für Musik Detmold, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25366/2020.70.

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A comparison of Oscar Bie’s monographies Die Oper and Das deutsche Lied shows that opera and ‘Lied’ are two extremes in Bie’s understanding of musical genres. While opera according to Bie is an “impossible work of art” which arises from countless contradictions, the low-conflict ‘Lied’ forms an opposite pole. Bie’s perception influences the way he deals with the two genres in writing: while opera is suitable for an adequate feuilleton, ‘Lied’ is not. Bie’s comparison gives him the possibility to break with established patterns of genres. It becomes apparent that for him opera takes on a special role in that it represents the culmination of the basic features of music. As a critic, Bie demands utmost congruence between object and written representation. Writing about music means to be an artist who deals with the same work of art but in another medium.
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Gnezdechko, Oksana Oksana gnezdechko. "Humour Stereotypes and their role in the emergence of interethnic and international conflicts." In All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation. Publishing house Sreda, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-97470.

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The article examines the main ethnic stereotypes, prerequisites and ways of their formation in a humorous discourse presented by the genre of anecdote. The main means of ethnic prejudices of humorous stereotypes expression, the reasons and methods of their formation are analyzed. A new principle of their classification is given according to the consideration of stereotypes from the standpoint of psycholinguistics. The paper also presents the schemes of humor perception by Russian and German ethnic groups. Using the material of anecdotes as the main form of modern humorous culture, it is shown how these schemes work and how ethnic stereotypes manifest themselves in an anecdote, how the relevance of stereotypes affects the change and disappearance of certain anecdotes from national everyday life. The means of expressing ethnic prejudices in the discourse under consideration are negative-evaluative communicative strategies of value differentiation, distance, and discrediting foreigners.
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Gnezdechko, Oksana Oksana gnezdechko. "Humour Stereotypes and their role in the emergence of interethnic and international conflicts." In All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation. Publishing house Sreda, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-97470.

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The article examines the main ethnic stereotypes, prerequisites and ways of their formation in a humorous discourse presented by the genre of anecdote. The main means of ethnic prejudices of humorous stereotypes expression, the reasons and methods of their formation are analyzed. A new principle of their classification is given according to the consideration of stereotypes from the standpoint of psycholinguistics. The paper also presents the schemes of humor perception by Russian and German ethnic groups. Using the material of anecdotes as the main form of modern humorous culture, it is shown how these schemes work and how ethnic stereotypes manifest themselves in an anecdote, how the relevance of stereotypes affects the change and disappearance of certain anecdotes from national everyday life. The means of expressing ethnic prejudices in the discourse under consideration are negative-evaluative communicative strategies of value differentiation, distance, and discrediting foreigners.

Reports on the topic "Gender role conflict":

1

McCabe, Heather. Gender Difference in Working Parents' Perceptions of Work/Family Conflict and the Role of Occupational Prestige. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2527.

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Marchais, Gauthier, Sweta Gupta, and Cyril Owen Brandt. Student Wellbeing in Contexts of Protracted Violent Conflict. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.055.

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In contexts of protracted violent conflict, school environments play a key role in children’s psychological, social, and emotional wellbeing. Research by the REALISE education project in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) provides a better understanding of how violent conflict penetrates schools; the relationship between school staff, students, parents, and the local community; and the role of children’s social entourage. It identifies key considerations for education projects operating in these contexts and how they can best support the wellbeing of children, including those who are extremely isolated or experience marginalisation on the basis of gender or minority status.
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Herbert, Sian. Covid-19, Conflict, and Governance Evidence Summary No.30. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.028.

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This fortnightly Covid-19 (C19), Conflict, and Governance Evidence Summary aims to signpost the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) and other UK government departments to the latest evidence and opinions on C19, to inform and support their responses. Based on the feedback given in a recent survey, and analysis by the Xcept project, this summary is now focussing more on C19 policy responses. This summary features resources on: how youth empowerment programmes have reduced violence against girls during C19 (in Bolivia); why we need to embrace incertitude in disease preparedness responses; and how Latin American countries have been addressing widening gender inequality during C19. It also includes papers on other important themes: the role of female leadership during C19; and understanding policy responses in Africa to C19 The summary uses two main sections – (1) literature: – this includes policy papers, academic articles, and long-form articles that go deeper than the typical blog; and (2) blogs & news articles. It is the result of one day of work, and is thus indicative but not comprehensive of all issues or publications.
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Lenhardt, Amanda. Progress Towards Meaningful Women’s Participation in Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding Decision-makingt prevention and peacebuilding decision-making. Institute of Development Studies, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.044.

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The Women, Peace and Security or Gender Peace and Security (WPS/GPS) agenda has expanded significantly over the 20+ years of concerted efforts at many levels to expand the role of women in conflict resolution and peacebuilding. Yet many authors note that the expansion of international agreements and national plans to support greater women’s participation in decision-making have yet to translate into concrete changes. This report examines progress in promoting women’s meaningful participation in decision making processes in conflict prevention and peacebuilding, with a focus on changes since 2018. Evidence on women’s meaningful participation in decision-making tends to focus on a small range of measurable outcomes with some studies considering the outcomes of women’s involvement in those processes to determine the extent to which they might be ‘meaningful’. Few studies examine differential outcomes of such initiatives for different groups of women, and most data does not allow for the disaggregation of intersecting identities between gender, ethnicity, race, disability, migration status and other key factors. Evidence collected for this report suggests that policies and programmes seeking to support greater women’s participation in decision-making in conflict prevention and peacebuilding often struggle to address the broader structural factors that inhibit women’s empowerment. Tackling longstanding and often deeply embedded harmful social norms has proven challenging across sectors, and in conflict or post-conflict settings with highly complex social dynamics, this can be especially difficult. Many of the issues highlighted in the literature as hindering progress on the WPS agenda relate to cross-cutting issues at the heart of gender inequality. Multiple authors from within women’s movements in conflict and post-conflict settings emphasise the need for policies and programmes that support women to act as agents of change in their own communities and which amplify their voices rather than speak on their behalf. Recent achievements in South Sudan and the Pacific region are indicative of the potential of women’s movements to affect change in conflict prevention and peacebuilding and suggest progress is being made in some areas, though gender equality in these processes may be a long way off.
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Haider, Huma. Political Empowerment of Women, Girls and LGBTQ+ People: Post-conflict Opportunities. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.108.

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The instability and upheaval of violent conflict can break down patriarchal structures, challenge traditional gender norms and open up new roles and spaces for collective agency of women, sexual and gender minorities (SGM), and other marginalised groups (Yadav, 2021; Myrittinen & Daigle, 2017). A recent study on the gendered implications of civil war finds that countries recovering from ‘major civil war’ experience substantial improvements in women’s civil liberties and political participation—complementary aspects of political empowerment (Bakken & Bahaug, 2020). This rapid literature review explores the openings that conflict and post-conflict settings can create for the development of political empowerment of women and LGBTQ+ communities—as well as challenges. Drawing primarily on a range of academic, non-governmental organisation (NGO), and practitioner literature, it explores conflict-affected settings from around the world. There was limited literature available on experience from Ukraine (which was of interest for this report); and on specific opportunities at the level of local administrations. In addition, the available literature on empowerment of LGBTQ+ communities was much less than that available for women’s empowerment. The literature also focused on women, with an absence of information on girls. It is important to note that while much of the literature speaks to women in society as a whole, there are various intersectionalities (e.g. class, race, ethnicity, religion, age, disability, rural/urban etc.) that can produce varying treatment and degrees of empowerment of women. Several examples are noted within the report.
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Donnelly, Phoebe, and Boglarka Bozsogi. Agitators and Pacifiers: Women in Community-based Armed Groups in Kenya. RESOLVE Network, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/cbags2022.4.

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This research report is a case study of women’s participation in community-based armed groups (CBAGs) in Kenya. It examines: the diversity of women’s motivations to participate in community-based armed groups in Kenya; women’s roles and agency within community-based armed groups, communal conflicts, as well as community security and peacebuilding structures; and gender dynamics in conflict ecosystems, including social perceptions about women’s engagement in conflict. This case study contributes to the literature on women and CBAGs by examining the variations in their engagement across a single country, based on diverse local contexts. Data collection sites for the study included 1) the capital city, Nairobi; 2) Isiolo County; 3) Marsabit County; 4) Mombasa County; and 5) Bungoma County. Together, these sites provide insight into local conflict dynamics in rural and urban areas; on country borders and on the coast; and in communities with ethnic polarization, land conflicts, criminal gangs, and histories of violent extremism and secessionist movements. The Kenyan research team employed a qualitative approach to data collection through key informant interviews (KIIs), focus group discussions (FGDs), and the use of secondary source data. The findings show that there is no single template for understanding women’s engagement with CBAGs; instead, women’s motivations and roles within these groups are varied and highly contextual, just as with the motivations and roles of men. This study demonstrates the utility of context-specific analyses at the sub-national level to capture the range of women’s participation in and engagement with CBAGs and their greater contributions to the local security landscape.
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Wong, Xaria, and Iulia Andreea Toma. Gender and Protection Analysis: Juba, Rumbek and Pibor, South Sudan. Oxfam, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.8946.

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This research was conducted to analyse the distinct gender needs and protection concerns of women, girls, men and boys in order to inform the implementation by Oxfam and its partners of the Sida-funded project, ‘Building resilience through gender- and conflict-sensitive approaches to education, skills development, and sustainable livelihoods in South Sudan’. It explores the gendered power relations between women, girls, men and boys, with a focus on the differences in their roles and responsibilities, decision-making power and access to and control over resources. It draws attention to the limited decision-making power held by women and girls, their specific needs, and the rights denials they face pertaining to education and livelihoods in Juba, Rumbek and Pibor. It provides practical recommendations to meaningfully address gender inequalities during project implementation, but is also intended to be used by the broader humanitarian community working in South Sudan to better inform humanitarian design, programming and response.
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Thomas, Jakana. Gendered Security Sector Reform: What Can We Learn from Women’s Participation in Community-Based Armed Groups? RESOLVE Network, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2022.1.cbags.

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West African women are frequently absent from discussions of community security, despite their substantial contributions to local defense. Women are often viewed primarily as beneficiaries of attempts to reduce local violence, such that their roles in community-based security are typically overlooked. Yet women’s participation in CBAGs holds important implications for the national security of conflict-affected states. Understanding women’s participation in community-based armed groups matters for successful demobilization, disarmament, and reintegration programs and for states’ implementation of the global Women, Peace, and Security agenda, particularly gendered security sector reform. That women have been active—and in some cases instrumental— in establishing and maintaining local security can serve as a point of reference for states seeking to integrate more women into security institutions. Moreover, since CBAG politics are often governed by local norms and practices, understanding how women have become integrated into these local security structures can suggest means of achieving gendered security sector reform that are consistent with and respectful of local customs. This policy note briefly outlines and expounds upon some of the main insights of the author’s recent study on women’s participation in West African CBAGs. It proposes a set of considerations for states and stakeholders to structure efforts around gendered security sector reform.
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Shani, Uri, Lynn Dudley, Alon Ben-Gal, Menachem Moshelion, and Yajun Wu. Root Conductance, Root-soil Interface Water Potential, Water and Ion Channel Function, and Tissue Expression Profile as Affected by Environmental Conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7592119.bard.

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Constraints on water resources and the environment necessitate more efficient use of water. The key to efficient management is an understanding of the physical and physiological processes occurring in the soil-root hydraulic continuum.While both soil and plant leaf water potentials are well understood, modeled and measured, the root-soil interface where actual uptake processes occur has not been sufficiently studied. The water potential at the root-soil interface (yᵣₒₒₜ), determined by environmental conditions and by soil and plant hydraulic properties, serves as a boundary value in soil and plant uptake equations. In this work, we propose to 1) refine and implement a method for measuring yᵣₒₒₜ; 2) measure yᵣₒₒₜ, water uptake and root hydraulic conductivity for wild type tomato and Arabidopsis under varied q, K⁺, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ levels in the root zone; 3) verify the role of MIPs and ion channels response to q, K⁺ and Na⁺ levels in Arabidopsis and tomato; 4) study the relationships between yᵣₒₒₜ and root hydraulic conductivity for various crops representing important botanical and agricultural species, under conditions of varying soil types, water contents and salinity; and 5) integrate the above to water uptake term(s) to be implemented in models. We have made significant progress toward establishing the efficacy of the emittensiometer and on the molecular biology studies. We have added an additional method for measuring ψᵣₒₒₜ. High-frequency water application through the water source while the plant emerges and becomes established encourages roots to develop towards and into the water source itself. The yᵣₒₒₜ and yₛₒᵢₗ values reflected wetting and drying processes in the rhizosphere and in the bulk soil. Thus, yᵣₒₒₜ can be manipulated by changing irrigation level and frequency. An important and surprising finding resulting from the current research is the obtained yᵣₒₒₜ value. The yᵣₒₒₜ measured using the three different methods: emittensiometer, micro-tensiometer and MRI imaging in both sunflower, tomato and corn plants fell in the same range and were higher by one to three orders of magnitude from the values of -600 to -15,000 cm suggested in the literature. We have added additional information on the regulation of aquaporins and transporters at the transcript and protein levels, particularly under stress. Our preliminary results show that overexpression of one aquaporin gene in tomato dramatically increases its transpiration level (unpublished results). Based on this information, we started screening mutants for other aquaporin genes. During the feasibility testing year, we identified homozygous mutants for eight aquaporin genes, including six mutants for five of the PIP2 genes. Including the homozygous mutants directly available at the ABRC seed stock center, we now have mutants for 11 of the 19 aquaporin genes of interest. Currently, we are screening mutants for other aquaporin genes and ion transporter genes. Understanding plant water uptake under stress is essential for the further advancement of molecular plant stress tolerance work as well as for efficient use of water in agriculture. Virtually all of Israel’s agriculture and about 40% of US agriculture is made possible by irrigation. Both countries face increasing risk of water shortages as urban requirements grow. Both countries will have to find methods of protecting the soil resource while conserving water resources—goals that appear to be in direct conflict. The climate-plant-soil-water system is nonlinear with many feedback mechanisms. Conceptual plant uptake and growth models and mechanism-based computer-simulation models will be valuable tools in developing irrigation regimes and methods that maximize the efficiency of agricultural water. This proposal will contribute to the development of these models by providing critical information on water extraction by the plant that will result in improved predictions of both water requirements and crop yields. Plant water use and plant response to environmental conditions cannot possibly be understood by using the tools and language of a single scientific discipline. This proposal links the disciplines of soil physics and soil physical chemistry with plant physiology and molecular biology in order to correctly treat and understand the soil-plant interface in terms of integrated comprehension. Results from the project will contribute to a mechanistic understanding of the SPAC and will inspire continued multidisciplinary research.
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Global Food 50/50: Hungry for gender equality. Global Health 50/50, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56649/wiqe2012.

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Across the world, populations are facing severe threats and rising inequalities due to a combination of climate change, environmental degradation, COVID-19 and conflict. Food systems, as a result, are in crisis and people are increasingly feeling the impact on their everyday lives. For women, globally and across regions, the impact of the food systems crisis is more severe than for men, and women are more food insecure than men. Women, historically and now, have less access to healthy food, land ownership and resources for food production than men. Gender inequalities are woven through food systems, and contribute to unjust food production, access and consumption. Global food systems organizations are working to address some of the critical issues facing populations’ access to food and nutrition. The second annual Global Food 50/50 Report assesses whether and how such organizations are integrating gender and equality considerations in their work. It reviews the policies and practices of 51 organizations as they relate to two interlinked dimensions of inequality: inequality of opportunity in career pathways inside organizations and inequality in who benefits from the global food system. The primary aim of the Global Food 50/50 Report is to encourage food systems organizations to confront and address gender inequality both within their organizations and governance structures, and in their programmatic approaches across food systems. A second aim is to increase recognition of the role that gender plays in who runs and benefits from food systems for everybody: women and men, including transgender people, and people with nonbinary gender identities. Key findings from this year’s report show that gender and geographic diversity are severely lacking in the boards of major global food organizations, with leadership positions dominated by men from the global north. This matters because representation from a narrow section of the global population will not result in policies and programmes that meet the needs and interests of all people, across all regions, including women. The review of board composition of 51 organizations showed that more than 70% of board seats are held by nationals of high-income countries. Just 8% of board seats are held by women from low- and middle-income countries. However, there is room for hope. Our findings show an increase in women board chairs from 26% in 2021 to 35% in 2022. More organizations are publishing board diversity policies—policies were found in 30% of organizations, a 10% increase since 2021. Moreover, the review located five new board diversity policies across the sample. A high proportion of organizations (49/52) have made formal and public commitments to gender equality and this has increased since 2021. In 2022, there was an increase of five organizations with gender-transformative programmatic approaches, from 60% to 70% and a decrease in the number of organizations with gender-blind approaches. Despite some advances among some global food systems organizations, the sector has a long way to go to achieve gender equality in the boardroom, in the workplace and in who benefits from their work. The data in this report can equip leaders at all levels—from communities to workforces to boards—to take action, drive change, measure progress, and hold those in power accountable to their commitments to advance gender equality and transform food systems. A fairer, more gender-equal system will be best placed to end hunger, poverty, and inequality around the world.

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