Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gender reform

Academic literature on the topic 'Gender reform'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Gender reform"

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JAMES, ESTELLE, ALEJANDRA COX EDWARDS, and REBECA WONG. "The gender impact of pension reform." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 2, no. 2 (July 2003): 181–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747203001215.

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Pension systems may have a different impact on the two genders because women are less likely than men to work in formal labor markets and earn lower wages when they do. Recent multi-pillar pension reforms tighten the link between payroll contributions and benefits, leading critics to argue that they will hurt women. In contrast, supporters of these reforms argue that women will be helped by the removal of distortions pillar and the better targeted redistributions in the new systems. This paper examines the differential impact of the new and old systems in three Latin American countries – Chile, Argentina and Mexico. Based on household survey data, we simulate the wage and employment histories of representative men and women, the pensions that these are likely to generate under the new and old rules, and the relative gains or losses of the two genders due to the reform. We find that women do indeed accumulate private annuities that are only 30–40% those of men in the new systems. However, this effect is mitigated by sharp targeting of the new public pillars toward low earners, many of whom are women, and by restrictions on payouts from the private pillars, particularly joint annuity requirements. As a result, low-earning married women are the biggest gainers from the pension reform.
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Kodoth, Praveena. "Gender, Family and Property Rights." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 8, no. 2 (September 2001): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097152150100800209.

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The structures and practices of families are crucial in determining gender-differentiated patterns of access to land and other forms of property/productive resources. However, major redistributional or reform programmes such as that of land have failed to take this into account. This paper addresses, conceptually, women's and men's claims to land/property in terms of via more recent land reforms experience to discuss the importance to property reform of a gendered understanding of the family. Besides, it attempts to probe the direction of change in property-related practices, including inheritance, dowry and residence, in contemporary Kerala to understand the implications of the emerging practices for women's property rights.
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Heidegger, Simone. "Shin Buddhism and Gender." Journal of Religion in Japan 4, no. 2-3 (2015): 133–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22118349-00402004.

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In the two main branches of Jōdo Shinshū (or Shin Buddhism), the Ōtani-ha and the Honganji-ha, a movement toward gender equality emerged in the 1980s. This movement and its development have brought about internal discussions on discrimination against women and an increasing awareness of gender issues, as well as concrete reforms of institutional laws. In the Ōtani-ha, a ruling that explicitly excluded women from becoming temple chief priests (jūshoku) led to protests and petitions by the association of chief priests’ wives and resulted in the establishment of the “Women’s Association to Consider Gender Discrimination in the Ōtani-ha.” Although the Honganji-ha has formally accepted female chief priests since 1946, the definition of the role of the bōmori (lit. temple guardian) as the temple chief priest’s wife suggested hierarchical gender roles, which also stimulated demands for reforms. This article shows the forms of gender discrimination which have been the focus of debates and discussions. Here, I present the reforms and changes that have been achieved over the past few decades and examine the reasons and influences that were instrumental during this process. In this context, I analyze the arguments used by both the reform-oriented and the conservative sides of the issue, and I also explore the relationship of this gender discrimination discourse to earlier Shin Buddhist social developments, such as internal reform movements and efforts to combat discrimination against burakumin.
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Huber, Laura, and Sabrina Karim. "The internationalization of security sector gender reforms in post-conflict countries." Conflict Management and Peace Science 35, no. 3 (May 18, 2017): 263–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894217696228.

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With the passing of several UN Security Council Resolutions related to Women, Peace and Security, gender balancing security sector reforms (SSR)—or policies that ensure the equal participation of women in the security sector—have received increased global attention over the past two decades. However, to date, there is no explanation for variation in their adoption. This paper examines the internationalization of SSR gender reform, arguing that the presence of a peacekeeping mission within a post-conflict country affects the state’s resources and political will to adopt gender balancing reforms. We explore the effect of multidimensional peacekeeping using an original dataset on SSR in post-conflict countries, the Security Sector Reform Dataset, from 1989 to 2012. We find that peacekeeping missions increase the probability that a state will adopt gender balancing reforms in SSR. As the first cross-national quantitative examination of gender balancing reforms, these findings also shed light on the conditions under which states adopt security sector reforms more generally.
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Zimman, Lal. "Transgender language reform." Journal of Language and Discrimination 1, no. 1 (September 11, 2017): 84–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jld.33139.

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Transgender people’s recent increase in visibility in the contemporary United States has presented new linguistic challenges. This article investigates those challenges and presents strategies developed by trans speakers and promoted by trans activists concerned with language reform. The first of these is the selection of gendered lexical items, including both gender identity terms (woman, man, etc.) and more implicitly gendered words (e.g. beautiful, handsome). The second is the assignment of third person pronouns like she/her/hers and he/ him/his as well as non-binary pronouns like singular they/them/theirs or ze/ hir/hirs. Both of these challenges tap into the importance trans people place on individual self-identification, and they come with new interactional practices such as asking people directly what pronouns they would like others to use when referring to them. The third challenge addressed here is avoiding gendering people when the referent’s gender isn’t relevant or known, which can be addressed through the selection of gender-neutral or gender-inclusive language. The final challenge is how to discuss gender when it is relevant – e.g. in discussions of gender identity, socialisation or sexual physiology – without delegitimising trans identities. Several strategies are presented to address this issue, such as hedging all generalisations based on gender, even when doing so seems unnecessary in the normative sex/gender framework or using more precise language regarding what aspect(s) of gender are relevant. Taken as a whole, trans language reform reflects the importance of language, not just as an auxiliary to identity, but as the primary grounds on which identity construction takes place.
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O'Connor, Sorca, and Miriam E. David. "Parents, Gender and Education Reform." Contemporary Sociology 24, no. 1 (January 1995): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2075123.

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Wyk, Sharmla Govender-Van. "Gender Policy in Land Reform." Agenda, no. 42 (1999): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4066042.

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Galey, Margaret E. "Gender Roles and UN Reform." PS: Political Science and Politics 22, no. 4 (December 1989): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/419472.

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Galey, Margaret E. "Gender Roles and UN Reform." PS: Political Science & Politics 22, no. 04 (December 1989): 813–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096500031462.

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Bedi, Innocent Kwame, and Hasso Kukemelk. "Influence of Age and School Type on Reform Practices Performed by School Heads." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 12, no. 5 (September 5, 2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2021-0046.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the level of implementing reform practices and their resulting stress and to explore the influence of age, gender, school type and tracking type on performing reform practices and the perceived stress in implementing reforms among school leaders. A quantitative research design was used with respondents sampled from among senior high school heads. The data were analysed using multinomial logistic regression to examine the influence of demographic (age and gender) and school variables (school type and tracking type) on implementing reform and its perceived stressfulness. The findings showed that on implementing reforms and its inherent stressfulness, a majority of school heads ‘always’ perform reform duties and a greater proportion reported high-stress levels in implementing reforms from 'somewhat causes’ stress to ‘causes great’ stress. Regarding demographic and school variables, age was a significant negative predictor of implementing reforms, indicating that younger heads were more likely to perform reform functions than older heads while school type significantly influences stress level in implementing reforms, implying that heads in boarding schools were more likely to experience higher stress levels in implementing reforms than heads in day schools. The authors recommended continuous in-service training for school heads, the practice of distributive leadership style and provision of infrastructure to phase out the double-track (shift system) in some schools. Received: 4 June 2020 / Accepted: 20 August 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gender reform"

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Ahmed, Hanane Sharif. "Gender and rural land reform in Ethiopia : reform process, tenure security, and investment." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/72414/.

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This thesis consists of three inter-related empirical papers. It examines the gender dimensions of rural land reform process and impacts by exploring the accessibility and benefits of land-use certificates for female household heads vis-à-vis male household heads in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. The existing literature lacks a gender lens of the reform process and impacts. The first paper examines the factors that determine which lands are included in the household's land-use certificate (status of certification), when during the reform process they become included (timing of certification), and whether there are gender differentials in each of these outcomes. The findings show that there was gender bias in the rural land reform process of the Amhara region in terms of both outcomes. The second paper examines the impact of land-use certificates and socioeconomic factors on household perceived tenure security by gender. The findings suggest that what consistently matters more for enhancing perceived tenure security of both male, and particularly female household heads is possession of legal documented rights to land holdings i.e. land-use certificates. The impact of socioeconomic factors such as male presence in the household, mode of production or land use do not seem to be relevant for determining the perceived tenure security of male and female household heads. The third paper examines the impact of land-use certificates and socioeconomic factors on land related investments by gender. The findings suggest that land-use certificates are significant determinants for enhancing land investments among both male and female household heads, although a relatively lesser impact on the latter group is observed. While the findings show that land-use certificates are important for enhancing land related investments, the results also suggest that the impact of socioeconomic factors are relevant for the female household heads such as renting-out land, and male presence in the household.
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Duvnjak, Angella. "Disappearing women : 'gender-neutrality' and rape law reform /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ard987.pdf.

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Goodell, Joanne E. "Equity and reform in mathematics education." Thesis, Curtin University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/397.

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This study focused on two themes which have recurred in education since the 1980's: equity of educational outcomes for all students and reform in mathematics education. The problem addressed in this study concerned the apparent inability of large- scale reforms to meet equity goals. The purpose of the study was to increase understanding of this problem from both theoretical and practical perspectives. The study was influenced by feminist perspectives in the choice of theoretical framework and methodology. Focusing specifically on gender equity, the study was set in the context of a large-scale reform in the USA, Ohio's Statewide Systemic Initiative, Project Discovery.There were three major objectives in this study. First was to synthesise the literature concerning gender equity in mathematics education to produce a definition of the ideal Connected Equitable Mathematics Classroom (CEMC). There were two parts to the literature review: one concerning explanations for observed gender differences in mathematics education, and another concerning initiatives implemented to try to bring about gender equity in mathematics education.The second objective was to use the definition of the ideal CEMC, derived from the literature, to determine the extent to which reform had occurred in mathematics classrooms in Ohio. This was accomplished through the analysis of quantitative data collected from a random sample of teachers and principals across the state, and qualitative data collected from seven case study sites. The third objective was to determine the barriers to and facilitators of the realisation of equity goals in middle-school mathematics classrooms involved in Project Discovery. This was accomplished through a cross-site analysis of data collected at the seven case- study sites, with the analysis framed around the characteristics of the CEMC.The outcomes of the study are set out in terms of these three objectives, culminating in a discussion of the implications and challenges which the findings of this study pose for researchers, reformers, equity advocates and practitioners.
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Goodell, Joanne E. "Equity and reform in mathematics education." Curtin University of Technology, Science and Mathematics Education Centre, 1998. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=12291.

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This study focused on two themes which have recurred in education since the 1980's: equity of educational outcomes for all students and reform in mathematics education. The problem addressed in this study concerned the apparent inability of large- scale reforms to meet equity goals. The purpose of the study was to increase understanding of this problem from both theoretical and practical perspectives. The study was influenced by feminist perspectives in the choice of theoretical framework and methodology. Focusing specifically on gender equity, the study was set in the context of a large-scale reform in the USA, Ohio's Statewide Systemic Initiative, Project Discovery.There were three major objectives in this study. First was to synthesise the literature concerning gender equity in mathematics education to produce a definition of the ideal Connected Equitable Mathematics Classroom (CEMC). There were two parts to the literature review: one concerning explanations for observed gender differences in mathematics education, and another concerning initiatives implemented to try to bring about gender equity in mathematics education.The second objective was to use the definition of the ideal CEMC, derived from the literature, to determine the extent to which reform had occurred in mathematics classrooms in Ohio. This was accomplished through the analysis of quantitative data collected from a random sample of teachers and principals across the state, and qualitative data collected from seven case study sites. The third objective was to determine the barriers to and facilitators of the realisation of equity goals in middle-school mathematics classrooms involved in Project Discovery. This was accomplished through a cross-site analysis of data collected at the seven case- study sites, with the analysis framed around the characteristics of the CEMC.The outcomes of the study are ++
set out in terms of these three objectives, culminating in a discussion of the implications and challenges which the findings of this study pose for researchers, reformers, equity advocates and practitioners.
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Vlachantoni, Athina. "Gender and Politics of Pension Reform in Greece, 1975-2002." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498545.

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Shehabuddin, Sarah Tasnim. "Going beyond Conflict: Secular Feminists, Islamists, and Gender Policy Reform." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10607.

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Today, most Muslim-majority countries must contend with two realities: Islamists’ increasing access to political participation on the one hand and domestic and international pressures for women’s rights on the other. This dissertation seeks to identify the conditions necessary for resolving tensions between Islamist demands for political inclusion and secular feminists’ demands for the institutionalization of women’s rights in Muslim-majority countries. Attempts at gender reform have not only been rare, but have also usually excluded either secular feminists or Islamists due to state actors’ inability or unwillingness to resolve conflict between them. In some contexts, however, power holders have initiated inclusive consultative arrangements, mechanisms (commissions, committees, and mediation) that enable both secular feminists and Islamists to participate in gender policy-making processes, in spite of divergent ideological preferences, and thereby generated more broadly supported reforms. This dissertation argues that attempts at conflict resolution between secular feminists and Islamists are more likely to arise in the context of an autonomous state where the power holder needs the support of both groups. Such a state has both the flexibility and willingness to include both Islamists and secular feminists in the policy-making process. In states that do not enjoy autonomy from non-state actors, the state is less likely to have the flexibility to adopt policy-making processes that do not serve the politicized interests of dominant actors. I build this argument by conducting a comparative historical analysis of state development and relations among power holders, secular feminists, and Islamists, as well as drawing on interviews with politicians, bureaucrats, scholars, and activists in Morocco and Bangladesh. In both of these countries, secular feminists and Islamists have had antagonistic relations and ideological differences, but both groups participated in gender policy reform in Morocco, whereas in Bangladesh, multiple attempts at gender policy-making have excluded one group or the other. I then assess the extent to which an argument based on state autonomy and political alliances explains variation in the inclusiveness of gender policy-making processes in four other Muslim-majority countries (Jordan, Malaysia, Turkey, and Pakistan).
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Abney, Jill Marie. "Negotiating an Electorate: Gender, Class, and the British Reform Acts." UKnowledge, 2016. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/history_etds/32.

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Five Reform Acts passed over the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries gradually increased the size of the British electorate. Negotiations over lowering property, rent, and lodging restrictions led to new Acts that slowly increased the number of Britons deemed worthy to vote. This dissertation examines the extent class and gender were relevant to those negotiations of British citizenship over the course of those five Acts. The project scrutinizes the language used in Parliamentary debates, political pamphlets, and political correspondence to reconstruct the constantly-changing conceptualization of the ideal citizen’s gendered identity in Britain and Europe. This project illuminates the rhetorical battles between the political elite and those who desired admittance to the franchise. The language surrounding those battles highlights the contradictory reasons why certain male and female populations were denied admittance. By examining all these Acts together, this project provides new insight into Parliamentary reform as a political event where the unfixed ideas of Victorian femininity and masculinity can be viewed and assessed in the context of political power.
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Zhanda, Rudo Melissa. "An investigation into land reform, gender and welfare in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97283.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Women’s rights to property have still not been recognised in many countries as a basic individual right. Furthermore, women have often been excluded in the policies that govern land reform, that is, the economic restructuring programmes and land distribution policies. It is important to understand how women's rights in and access to land are being addressed, and the ways in which institutional reforms have benefited or disadvantaged women, given the importance of women as agricultural producers in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as the commitment to gender equality adopted by many governments. The determination of the criteria used to target land beneficiaries for land reform in South Africa is largely unclear and undocumented. Furthermore, there is a limited focus in existing literature on the actual impact of land reform on its beneficiaries. Land reform in South Africa is only benefiting a small proportion of the population. The findings of this research also indicate that there is a conscious attempt by the state to address racial injustices of Apartheid, with the majority of recipients of land in South Africa being African/black, and Coloureds following closely. Furthermore, the beneficiaries of land appear to be largely uneducated and unmarried. The research indicates that women in South Africa have equal, if not more opportunity than men to gain access to land through land reform. However, it does appear that males are heading most of the households with access to land through land reform and women in male-headed households have more access to land through land reform than those in female-headed households. This suggests that unmarried women are still at a disadvantage for accessing land through land reform, which further validates the findings of existing literature that customary practices may still be prevalent in South Africa and women’s primary access to land is through marriage. The findings of the research also indicate that generally people with access to land through land reform are more likely to have better household welfare than those with no access to land through land reform. Therefore, with only 2.5 per cent of the population accessing land, there is a significant limitation on the number of households whose welfare can be improved by land reform. The results also indicate that males without access to land have better household welfare than females without access to land therefore implying that women are more vulnerable without land access and they are more likely to face poverty when they are not afforded the opportunity to access land through land reform. Furthermore, it appears that females with access to land have better household welfare than males with access to land, which implies that females are an essential contributor to household welfare, more so than their male counter parts. Similar to existing literature, these findings further validate the need for the state to address gender inequality in land reform and ensure that women are included in the process. Nevertheless, with the majority of the land beneficiaries in this research being female, household welfare in South Africa is expected to improve in the future due to land reform.
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Gerken, Christina. "Immigrant Anxieties: 1990s Immigration Reform and The Neoliberal Consensus." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1180034821.

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Ibarro, Gallardo Rodrigo. "The Effect of Legal Reform on Feminicides in Mexico." Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109230.

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Thesis advisor: Matthew Rutledge
Feminicides are the gender motivated killings of women. In other words, they are the killing of women because they are women. This difference in motive from homicides means that feminicides merit legal distinction, which led all 32 Mexican states to reform their penal codes in order to include feminicide. This paper investigates the evolution of feminicide typifications across states, and evaluates whether states with stronger feminicide laws have been more effective at enforcing justice by having higher prosecution rates for feminicides. Three factors are of particular importance when measuring the strength of feminicide laws: (1) the number of objective criteria used to recognize gender motive; (2) the presence of subjective elements; and (3) the recognition of feminicide as an autonomous crime. This paper finds that between 2010 and 2017, the typification of feminicide laws improved for all three criteria, but many states continue to have laws that are far from ideal. Over the last decade, feminicide prosecution rate fell as a result of an increase in violence throughout the country, even though the number of feminicide prosecutions increased. Yet the strength of the laws had a positive and significant effect on feminicide prosecutions, suggesting that the decrease in the feminicide prosecution rate would have been greater were it not for the stronger laws. This paper finds that the average improvement in the feminicide laws led to an increase in the feminicide prosecution rate of between 12% and 21%
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2021
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Scholar of the College
Discipline: Economics
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Books on the topic "Gender reform"

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Valasek, Kristin, Megan Bastick, and Megan Bastick. Gender & security sector reform toolkit. Geneva: DCAF, 2008.

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Megan, Bastick, Valasek Kristin, and Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces., eds. Gender & security sector reform tookit. [Geneva]: DCAF, 2008.

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Parents, gender, and education reform. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 1993.

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Bastick, Megan. Gender & security sector reform toolkit. Edited by International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women and Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces. Geneva: DCAF, 2008.

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Great Britain. Department for Work and Pensions. The gender impact of pension reform. Great Britain: Dept. for Work and Pensions, 2005.

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Fox, Annette Louise. Land reform and gender in South Africa. [Ottawa]: National Association of Women and the Law, 2000.

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Flavia. State, gender and the rhetoric of law reform. Bombay: Research Centre for Women's Studies, Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women's University, 1995.

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Ofa, Luseane. Tonga: Gender impact study on economic reform, 2003. Suva, Fiji: Pacific Foundation for the Advancement of Women, 2004.

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Fitz-Gibbon, Kate. Homicide Law Reform, Gender and the Provocation Defence. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137357557.

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Kandiyoti, Deniz. Agrarian reform, gender, and land rights in Uzbekistan. Geneva: United Nations, Research Institute for Social Development, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gender reform"

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Allwood, Gill, and Khursheed Wadia. "Gender Parity Reform." In Gender and Policy in France, 60–81. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230244382_3.

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Stearns, Peter N. "Reform Movements and Gender." In Gender in World History, 120–35. 4th ed. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003230168-10.

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Limbach, Jutta. "Constitutional Reform and Gender Mandates." In Has Liberalism Failed Women?, 177–81. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-38607-9_11.

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Limbach, Jutta. "Constitutional Reform and Gender Mandates." In Has Liberalism Failed Women?, 177–81. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230107502_11.

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Staab, Silke. "Pension Reform (2008)." In Gender and the Politics of Gradual Change, 109–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34156-9_5.

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Staab, Silke. "Health Reform (2002–2004)." In Gender and the Politics of Gradual Change, 77–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34156-9_4.

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Staab, Silke. "Maternity Leave Reform (2011)." In Gender and the Politics of Gradual Change, 163–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34156-9_7.

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Sheared, Vanessa. "Contextualization and Methodological Framework." In Race, Gender, and Welfare Reform, 3–14. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003249788-1.

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Sheared, Vanessa. "The Quest for the Dream: Variations on a Theme." In Race, Gender, and Welfare Reform, 83–132. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003249788-4.

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Sheared, Vanessa. "Legislative History." In Race, Gender, and Welfare Reform, 43–82. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003249788-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gender reform"

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Cohoon, J. McGrath, Leisa D. Thompson, Jennifer J. Goodall, Rebecca L. Dohrman, and Elizabeth Litzler. "Consultants on systemic reform for gender balance." In the 41st ACM technical symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1734263.1734447.

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Aba, Maria M., Siti P. Anshar, and Uke Ralmugiz. "Students’ Numerical Literacy in Solving Islamic-based Problems: Studies on Gender Perspectives." In International Conference on Madrasah Reform 2021 (ICMR 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220104.005.

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Duan, Haochen. "Causes, Consequences and Solutions of Gender Bias." In Proceedings of the 2018 International Workshop on Education Reform and Social Sciences (ERSS 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/erss-18.2019.32.

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Saeed Bn-Nasir Al-Khazramy, Ahmad, Naila Bint Sulaiman, and Ali Bn Saif Al-yaraby. "The degree of availability of governance principles in the schools of North and South Al Sharqiyah Governorate from the point of view of school principals in the Sultanate of Oman." In 11th International Conference of Economic and Administrative Reform: Necessities and Challenges. University of Human Development, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/icearnc/10.

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"The study aimed to identify the degree of availability of governance principles in the schools of the North and South Al Sharqiyah governorates from the point of view of school principals. The researchers used the descriptive analytical method, and the questionnaire as a tool, by applying it to a sample of (100) principals, and the study reached the following results: The degree of availability of governance principles in the schools of North and South Al Sharqiyah governorates was moderate in most of its axes, except for one axis that came to a high degree, so the phrases in all axes varied between weak and medium. Al-Sharqiya came in general with a medium degree, where it was ranked as follows: the principle of integrity with a mean of (2.38), and after that came the axis of the principle of responsibility with a mean of (2.25), and the principle of justice came in the third place with a mean of (2.04), and finally came the pivotal principles of the principle of accountability and the principle of disclosure and transparency with an average of My Account (1.99), and the study confirmed that there are no statistically significant differences in the principles of governance in the schools of North and South Sharqiya governorates, due to the variables (gender, location), and the researchers recommend the need to create a legal culture around the principles of governance and make it easy and clear to access them. "
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Saeed Bn-Nasir Al-Khazramy, Ahmad, Naila Bint Sulaiman, and Ali Bn Saif Al-yaraby. "The degree of availability of governance principles in the schools of North and South Al Sharqiyah Governorate from the point of view of school principals in the Sultanate of Oman." In 11th International Conference of Economic and Administrative Reform: Necessities and Challenges. University of Human Development, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicearnc/10.

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"The study aimed to identify the degree of availability of governance principles in the schools of the North and South Al Sharqiyah governorates from the point of view of school principals. The researchers used the descriptive analytical method, and the questionnaire as a tool, by applying it to a sample of (100) principals, and the study reached the following results: The degree of availability of governance principles in the schools of North and South Al Sharqiyah governorates was moderate in most of its axes, except for one axis that came to a high degree, so the phrases in all axes varied between weak and medium. Al-Sharqiya came in general with a medium degree, where it was ranked as follows: the principle of integrity with a mean of (2.38), and after that came the axis of the principle of responsibility with a mean of (2.25), and the principle of justice came in the third place with a mean of (2.04), and finally came the pivotal principles of the principle of accountability and the principle of disclosure and transparency with an average of My Account (1.99), and the study confirmed that there are no statistically significant differences in the principles of governance in the schools of North and South Sharqiya governorates, due to the variables (gender, location), and the researchers recommend the need to create a legal culture around the principles of governance and make it easy and clear to access them. "
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Dahs, Aleksandrs, Atis Berzins, and Juris Krumins. "Challenges of Depopulation in Latvia’s Rural Areas." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.055.

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The administrative territorial reform of 2021 in Latvia has changed the shape and structure of local municipalities. Previous studies have shown that disparities and challenges in terms of demographic development will be even more evident between the newly formed municipalities than they were prior to the reform, creating greater demographic risks for the rural areas. By using the available statistical information and geographically weighted regression models, this study aims to evaluate the demographic challenges in Latvia’s rural areas and to determine main socio economic factors linked to the rural depopulation processes. Key indicators linked to the depopulation process are evaluated and discussed by the authors in the context of gender balance, development centre accessibility and other socio economic factors. Authors conclude that supporting and developing local industries, public services and infrastructure facilitating diverse employment options and equal opportunities for working age females is a paramount condition for slowing or reversing rural depopulation in in the long term. Regional development centres in general and particularly those located in remote areas show little or no immediate effect on the population dynamics. However, these centres offer more diverse employment opportunities and essential social services, making them more attractive to working age females and households with children. Digitalization and focus on location-independent employment and services is another important route to explore in the new rural development setting.
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Salatova, Alexandra. "Features of Russian Unemployment and Unemployed: 2000-2014." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01383.

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The study of unemployment and the unemployed in Russia began in the 1990s. The three periods can be distinguished in the unemployment study: 1. 1992-1998 - Post-reform period of heightened public attention. 2. 1999-2008 Post-transformation recovery period - attempts to explore the correlations between unemployment and the main socio-economic trends. 3. 2009 - present. Period of protracted economic and financial crisis – the themes of unemployment losing its actuality, despite the fact that Russians still fear of firing and the job-hunting difficulties. However, there are the lack of articles, which are analyzed the present features of the unemployment and unemployed in Russia. The paper based on the results of analysis of socio-economic development indicators and the statistical data by the Federal State Statistical Service for 2000-2014 for the Central, Volga and North-Caucasian Federal Districts (with lowest, medium and highest levels of unemployment respectively). Findings: Russian unemployed do not form a particular social stratum. The large number of unemployed people live in cities; the number of rural unemployed is almost constant and does not fluctuate in crisis. The number of unemployed as men as women is reducing. Data on gender structure of the unemployed allow mention the labor market is becoming more civilized: a female unemployment rate lower than male; there is no trend to the preferential exclusion of women from labor market. The average age of the unemployed is increasing, possibly due to the innovation economy needs in new skills, and professional inertia of older people.
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Fauziah, Luluk, Mashudi Mashudi, and Mochammad Tanzil Multazam. "Bureaucratic Reforms in Attaining Gender-Equitable Good Governance in Indonesian Local Government." In Annual Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007424405560560.

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Marcean, Crin, and Mihaela Alexandru. "PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY AND PROFESSION VALUES TRANSPOSED INTO NURSING EDUCATION." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v1end030.

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"Professional identity is the concept that describes how we perceive ourselves in our occupational context and how we communicate it to others. Professional identity is not static, but fluid. It is strongly influenced by how we see ourselves, how we perceive others and how we are viewed by society. Professional values are inherent characteristics of every profession and are part of the professional identity. Personal values are a powerful tool that influences our lives. They are the standards that each of us defines in order to live according to them and often influence our attitude and behavior. The profession of nurse/ midwives is defined by the values that each practitioner experiences every day in relation to his profession and each patient with whom he interacts. The professionalism of nursing profession requires that the nurses, midwifes to be able to provide quality health care services adapted to the society healthy needs, no matter age, social position, gender, political and sexual orientation or other differentiation criteria. In this way they will be able to increase the population’s health level. The Order of Nurses and Midwives of Romania implemented POLMED project which objective was to develop a set of fundamental professional values for nurses and midwives, for the benefit of the medical-patient staff relationship. The project aimed at developing an analysis of European public policies on the values of nursing and midwifery, conducting a survey of the current situation in Romania on the values of nursing and midwifery by involvement of 200 nationally selected nurses and midwives, as well as the training of 45 nurses and midwives in the design and evaluation of public policies. As a result, the ability of medical personnel to meet the citizen’s need to have quality health system is directly linked first and foremost to the reform of the educational system of professional training, which internalizes a values system centered on professionalism, empathy towards the patient and cooperation with patients and other categories of professionals in the medical system. The paper work is divide in two parts, the first part presents a survey in order to develop a set of fundamental professional values for nurses and midwives, and the second part presents the way these values were transposed in the nursing education. The paper presents a study on the ways of transposing the professional identity and profession values into the nursing education."
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Brooks, Joseph Bruno Bidin. "De novo variant in the MAPK8IP3 gene in the differential diagnosis of global development delay. Case report." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.181.

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Context: The global development delay has a high prevalence and heterogeneity in the world population. With the advancement of technology and detection of pathogenic variants detected by sequencing the exome, genes related to global developmental delay could be identified and collaborate for further clinical clarification. Among the studied genes, the MAPK8IP3 gene, became an attractive candidate due to its performance in neuronal axonal transport in vertebrates and invertebrates. This case report was approved by the Ethics Committee of Universidade Metropolitana de Santos. Case Report: The present case refers to a 6-year-old male patient presenting with a clinical picture of global developmental delay without bodily dysmorphia. Cerebellar ataxia, muscle hypotonia and intellectual impairment are important clinical impairments. Skull MRI and complementary exams were normal. The genetic study showed a new and heterozygous pathogenic variant in the MAPK8IP3 gene. Conclusions: Symptomatic treatment with multiprofessional rehabilitation was instituted with partial improvement of symptoms.
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Reports on the topic "Gender reform"

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Quak, Evert-jan, and Berni Smith. Gender and Tax: Gender Equality Meets Economic Growth. Institute of Development Studies, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.028.

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Women’s equal participation in an economy means they pay and benefit from fair taxes. Given that gender issues affect every aspect of tax systems, policies and administrations must identify and challenge bias against women. Governments in lowand middle-income countries need support to reform tax policies and restructure tax administrations; not only to tackle gender issues in tax systems, but to use the those systems to promote gender equality.
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Saha, Amrita, Jodie Thorpe, Keir Macdonald, and Kelbesa Megersa. Linking Business Environment Reform with Gender and Inclusion: A Study of Business Licensing Reform in Indonesia. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.001.

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Business environment reform (BER) targets inadequate business regulations. It is intended to remove constraints to business investment, enabling growth and job creation, and create opportunities for international business to contribute to and benefit from this growth. However, there is a lack of detailed knowledge of the impact of BER on gender and inclusion (G&I). While a review of existing literature suggests that in general, there is no direct link between BER and G&I, indirect links are likely through the influence of BER on firm performance. Outcomes will be influenced by the differential ways in which women-led firms experience the business environment when compared to their male counterparts, with disparities based on how they are treated under the law, as well as structural and sociocultural factors. The fact that in many countries, female-led firms are fewer and smaller than those of their male counterparts, and may operate in different sectors, also affects these dynamics. This research offers new insights through an in-depth analysis of the impact of the Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu (PTSP) or one-stop shop business licensing reform in 2009 on firm performance in Indonesia, and how these impacts vary based on the gender of firm leadership. The results find that on average, firms benefited from improved business performance (sales), as a direct or indirect effect of this reform, as well as an increase in the number of medium and large-scale firms. Outside Jakarta (Bali, Banten, Lampung), women-led firms experienced a small but significant benefit relative to male-led firms, related to both sales and the number of medium and large-scale firms they run. In Jakarta, women-led firms continued to lag behind men and there were no significant effects on employment, and this held across province and gender. These findings are based on an analysis of the PTSP reform using data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES), a survey of small, medium and large firms (i.e. with more than four employees) which took place in Indonesia between 2009 and 2015.
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Freed, Danielle. K4D’s Tax and Gender Learning Journey Boosting Social Reform in Pakistan. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.163.

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As a means to reduce discrimination and promote the economic empowerment of women, there is a growing understanding that tax policy, tax administration and tax research need to be gender transformative. Recognising this need, the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) is reshaping and building its approach to tax and gender programming. K4D’s Tax and Gender Learning Journey brought together tax and gender teams to identify other tax and gender stakeholders and collaboratively craft a future approach to tax and gender for FCDO and partners. Initial exploration of the early impact from activities that have taken place amongst partner organisations in Pakistan suggests K4D’s inputs have the potential to bolster intended social reforms across the country’s revenue and other government departments.
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Macdonald, Keir. The Impact of Business Environment Reforms on Poverty, Gender and Inclusion. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.006.

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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic, policy, and knowledge institution sources on how business environment reforms in middle-income countries impacts on poverty, gender and inclusion. Although, there is limited evidence on the direct impact of business environment reforms on poverty, gender, and inclusion, this review illustrates that there is evidence of indirect effects of such reforms. Business environment reform (BER) targets inadequate business regulations and institutions, in order to remove constraints to business investment and expansion, enabling growth and job creation, as well as new opportunities for international business to contribute to and benefit from this growth. However, there is a lack of detailed knowledge of the impact of BER on gender and inclusion (G&I) outcomes, in terms of the potential to remove institutional barriers which exclude formerly marginalised groups from business opportunities, in ways that promote equal access to resources, opportunities, benefits, and services. The literature shows how the business environment affects women in business, and how women’s experiences of a given business environment can be different from those of men. This is the result of disparities in how they are treated under the law, but also based on structural and sociocultural factors which influence how men and women behave in a given business environment and the barriers they face.
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Carter, Becky. Gender Inequalities in the Eastern Neighbourhood Region. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.062.

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This rapid review examines evidence on the structural causes and drivers of gender inequalities in the Eastern Neighbourhood region and how these gender inequalities contribute to instability in the region. While the Eastern Neighbourhood region performs relatively well on gender equality compared with the rest of the world, women and girls continue to face systemic political and economic marginalisation and are vulnerable to gender-based violence. Research on Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Moldova identifies the key underlying cause to be a set of traditional patriarchal gender norms, intersecting with conservative religious identities and harmful customary practices. These norms do not operate in isolation: the literature highlights that gender inequalities are caused by the interplay of multiple factors (with women’s unequal economic resources having a critical effect), while overlapping disadvantages affect lived experiences of inequalities. Other key factors are the region’s protracted conflicts; legal reform gaps and implementation challenges; socio-economic factors (including the impact of COVID-19); and governance trends (systemic corruption, growing conservatism, and negative narratives influenced by regional geopolitics). Together these limit women and girls’ empowerment; men and boys are also affected negatively in different ways, while LGBT+ people have become a particular target for societal discrimination in the region. Global evidence – showing that more gender unequal societies correlate with increased instability – provides a frame of reference for the region’s persistent gender inequalities.
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Mwiine, Amon Ashaba, Josephine Ahikire, Jovah Katushabe, Harriet Pamara, and Aklam Amanya. Unravelling Backlash in the Journey of Legislating Sexual Offences in Uganda. Institute of Development Studies, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2023.007.

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This paper interrogates the reality of gender backlash in Uganda by tracing the process of legislating on the 2019 Sexual Offences Bill (SOB). We trace the early beginnings of the Bill by highlighting the motivation that guided the framing of the Bill, the role of individual actors and alliances in pushing for the gender equity reform, and the oppositional forces against the reform. Working with participatory forms of qualitative research methods, the focus on the legislative cycle of the SOB as a policy case aimed to enable us to understand what constitutes backlash, and its drivers and manifestations. While this approach is an opportunity to contribute to and broaden conceptual debates on gender backlash in Uganda and beyond, it is also aimed at working closely with women’s rights activists to identify forms of backlash and inform feminist voice and response to the opposition dynamics and the impact on the gender equality agenda – thereby contributing to creating capacity in voice to counter backlash against gender justice.
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Meeker, Jessica. Mutual Learning for Policy Impact: Insights from CORE. Shaping Policy and Practice with Intersectional Gender Responsive Evidence (in the Context of Covid-19). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/core.2021.007.

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On the 19 and 20 October 2021, the Institute of Development Studies hosted an online dialogue which aimed to enhance efforts to inform and influence policy, management, and practice with intersectional gender-responsive evidence by sharing learning between CORE cohort members from their approaches and experiences at country and regional levels. The event was attended by over 30 participants from 19 partners across the CORE cohort and highlighted the experiences of CORE partners Glasswing and the Arab Reform Initiative (ARI). This learning guide captures the practical insights and advice from the event, to help inform the practice of participants and other projects across the portfolio.
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Megersa, Kelbesa. Gender and Tax: Programming and Evidence. Institute of Development Studies, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.040.

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Generally, policymakers and tax analysts (as well as donors concerned about gender equity) have not made proper consideration about how tax policies and tax reforms can interact with gendered cultural norms in developing countries. However, there are worries that tax systems are biased against women and that recent tax reforms may increase the incidence of taxes on women and other underprivileged groups – while, at the same time, failing to garner sufficient tax revenue to fund social programmes necessary to enhance their lives. Since women in developing countries are particularly vulnerable to poverty, a comprehensive and rigorous assessment of tax systems (e.g., existing tax laws, tax administrations and new tax reforms) is needed to understand how they are uniquely affected. Gender-responsive tax programming by donors (and developing-country governments) requires dedication to assess the gender impact of tax policy and tax administration – i.e., who benefits and who is losing from existing tax arrangements or proposed reforms. Although there is growing evidence in the academic literature about the gender dimension of tax, there is still very limited programming by donors on tax policy and tax administration with an explicit focus on gender. Similarly, rarely do donor-funded programmes targeting gendered inequities and empowerment of women incorporate a clear tax agenda. However, there is some evidence that this trend is changing. Some recent regional and country programmes on DRM (e.g., on tax administration, tax policy, tax research, etc.), as well as business and investment climate improvement programmes, are incorporating explicit gender targets into their tax programme components. Some of these regional and country programmes are briefly discussed in the review (with more information on these provided in Sections 4 and 5).
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Idris, Iffat. Documentation of Survivors of Gender-based Violence (GBV). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.103.

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This review is largely based on grey literature, in particular policy documents and reports by international development organizations. While there was substantial literature on approaches and principles to GBV documentation, there was less on remote service delivery such as helplines – much of this only in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, very little was found on actual examples of GBV documentation in developing contexts. By definition, gender featured strongly in the available literature; the particular needs of persons with disabilities were also addressed in discussions of overall GBV responses, but far less in GBV documentation. GBV documentation refers to the recording of data on individual GBV incidents in order to provide/refer survivors with/to appropriate support, and the collection of data of GBV incidents for analysis and to improve GBV responses. The literature notes that there are significant risks associated with GBV documentation, in relation to data protection. Failure to ensure information security can expose survivors, in particular, to harm, e.g. reprisal attacks by perpetrators, stigma, and ostracism by their families/ communities. This means that GBV documentation must be carried out with great care. A number of principles should always be applied when documenting GBV cases in order to protect survivors and prevent potential negative effects: do no harm, survivor-centered approach, survivor autonomy, informed consent, non-discrimination, confidentiality, and data protection (information security).
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Idris, Iffat. Increasing Birth Registration for Children of Marginalised Groups in Pakistan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.102.

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This review looks at approaches to promote birth registration among marginalised groups, in order to inform programming in Pakistan. It draws on a mixture of academic and grey literature, in particular reports by international development organizations. While there is extensive literature on rates of birth registration and the barriers to this, and consensus on approaches to promote registration, the review found less evidence of measures specifically aimed at marginalised groups. Gender issues are addressed to some extent, particularly in understanding barriers to registration, but the literature was largely disability-blind. The literature notes that birth registration is considered as a fundamental human right, allowing access to services such as healthcare and education; it is the basis for obtaining other identity documents, e.g. driving licenses and passports; it protects children, e.g. from child marriage; and it enables production of vital statistics to support government planning and resource allocation. Registration rates are generally lower than average for vulnerable children, e.g. from minority groups, migrants, refugees, children with disabilities. Discriminatory policies against minorities, restrictions on movement, lack of resources, and lack of trust in government are among the ‘additional’ barriers affecting the most marginalised. Women, especially unmarried women, also face greater challenges in getting births registered. General approaches to promoting birth registration include legal and policy reform, awareness-raising activities, capacity building of registration offices, integration of birth registration with health services/education/social safety nets, and the use of digital technology to increase efficiency and accessibility.
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