Journal articles on the topic 'Gender identity – Argentina'
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1
CRISTIÁ, CINTIA. "(De)constructing Argentine Women: Gender, Nation, and Identity in ‘Alfonsina y el mar’." Twentieth-Century Music 19, no. 1 (February 2022): 29–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478572221000219.
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AbstractThis article examines gender, nation, and identity in the popular song of folk roots ‘Alfonsina y el mar’. Written by Félix Luna and Ariel Ramírez, the song is based on the suicide of feminist poet Alfonsina Storni and achieved worldwide popularity through Mercedes Sosa's 1969 rendition on the album Mujeres argentinas. Using Butler's theory of gender performance, Cusick's proposals for a feminist music theory, and Plesch's concept of dysphoric topics in Argentine nationalist music, this article deconstructs the song's poetic, musical, and visual discourses to critique its underlying cultural signification. It concludes that by infantilizing, romanticizing, and nationalizing Storni's public figure, her legacy was adapted to the patriarchal expectations of decorum and historical narrative about nation pervasive in Argentina in the late 1960s. Storni's white European urban background was adapted to more ‘authentic’ Argentine values through Sosa's performance and public image.
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Rucovsky, Martin De Mauro. "Trans* necropolitics. Gender Identity Law in Argentina." Sexualidad, Salud y Sociedad (Rio de Janeiro), no. 20 (August 2015): 10–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-6487.sess.2015.20.04.a.
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On May 9th, 2012, the Argentinean Senate converted into law the long collective process, driven by trans* activism, towards the legal recognition of gender identity. The Gender Identity Act (GIA) meant a large contribution to the field of civil and sexual rights interationally, especially in the matter of trans* policy. Nevertheless, what was at stake in the approval of the GIA was not just a step forward in legal terms and at a personal level for trans* people, but a whole set of representations, desires and social stakes on trans* lives and population. Thus, as regards to the scope and achievements of the GIA and its social and parliamentary debates, we can assert that in that realm a specific trans* life does not qualify as a living life. This article addresses the specific ways of presentation and apprehension of trans* lives in parliamentary debates about the GIA, and in social disputes within trans* activism. A biopolitical analysis of gender identity leads us to rethink the social conditions that sustain life and, by the same token, the interpretative frameworks of death.
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Grinstein, Victoria. "¿El futuro es de generado? – Aportes para pensar en una sociedad sin encasillamientos de sexo/género." iQual. Revista de Género e Igualdad, no. 5 (February 10, 2022): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/iqual.467071.
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This article discusses about the category “sex” in the argentine identity card. Considering the queer and trans theory, it looks foward to the possibility of modifying this category to create a society free from gender clasifications. It considers different interpretations to argue about the construction of identity after the Gender Identity Law in Argentina was sanctioned en 2012, its goals and limitations and the possibility of imagining a society that breaks with binary categorizations. It uses a couple of examples from trans and non binary people in Argentina that managed to make changes in their ID, being able to register themselves without having to chose between female or male. Este artículo tiene como finalidad poner en discusión la categoría “sexo” presente en el documento nacional de identificación argentino. A partir de los aportes de la teoría queer y trans, se propone pensar los alcances posibles de modificar o eliminar esta categoría, en pos de crear una sociedad que se libere de los encasillamientos de género en términos registrales. Tomando distintas interpretaciones, se discute en torno a la construcción de la identidad a partir de la sanción de la Ley de Identidad de Género en el año 2012, sus alcances y limitaciones y las posibles implicancias sociales de pensarnos por fuera de la forma binaria que tenemos actualmente para categorizarnos. Para ello se utilizan los casos de varias personas travestis y no binaries en Argentina que lograron hacer cambios registrales para que en el casillero de “sexo” no aparezca ni hombre ni mujer.
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De Mauro Rucovsky, Martín, and Ian Russell. "The Travesti Critique of the Gender Identity Law in Argentina." TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 6, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/23289252-7348510.
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Belanti, María Milena. "Hacia una ruptura de la concepción binaria del género y el sexo. El caso Maria Lara Bertolini / A break in the binary conception of gender and sex. The Maria Lara Bertolini case." Revista Derecho y Salud | Universidad Blas Pascal, no. 3 (October 31, 2019): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37767/2591-3476(2019)17.
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El artículo analiza una nueva e importante sentencia respecto del Derecho a la Identidad de Género en Argentina, ampliando aún más el mismo en los márgenes de la Ley de Identidad de Género nacional.
The article analyzes a new and important sentence regarding the Right to Gender Identity in Argentina, further expanding it in the margins of the National Gender Identity Law.
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Pérez, Moira, and Blas Radi. "Gender punitivism: Queer perspectives on identity politics in criminal justice." Criminology & Criminal Justice 20, no. 5 (July 14, 2020): 523–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895820941561.
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The article examines the convergence of identity politics and punitivism, two tendencies that profoundly affect current LGBT activism and state criminal policies. It considers the case of Argentina, a country often deemed exemplary in terms of gender-related legislation, and analyses a 2018 sentence that incorporates the concept of ‘travesticide’ in order to examine how the role of identity in political strategies, added to prevailing notions of gender, limits the possible approaches and answers to violence against gender non-conforming communities. It then takes this a step forward to understand how these answers are, in turn, often reduced to punitivist outcomes, narrowing the understanding of reparation and exposing the most vulnerable subjects in the community to further violence. As a contribution to Queer Criminologies, the article seeks to expose the limitations of identity politics, and in particular of its advocacy for gendered rights, showing how they can force gender non-conforming subjects to choose between rights, most notably between legal recognition of their gender identity, and safety vis-à-vis the state apparatus of criminal justice.
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Socías, María Eugenia, Brandon D. L. Marshall, Inés Arístegui, Virginia Zalazar, Marcela Romero, Omar Sued, and Thomas Kerr. "Towards Full Citizenship: Correlates of Engagement with the Gender Identity Law among Transwomen in Argentina." PLoS ONE 9, no. 8 (August 18, 2014): e105402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105402.
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Iacub, Ricardo, Claudia J. Arias, Mariana Mansinho, Martín Winzeler, and Rocio Vazquez Jofre. "Sociocultural Changes and the Construction of Identity in Lesbian and Gay Elderly People in Argentina." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 88, no. 4 (March 19, 2019): 341–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091415019836928.
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In the last two decades, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender + elderly people in Argentina have experienced considerable transformations with respect to social policies and laws as well as in the media and public opinion. This article aims to analyze the levels of acceptance and expression of identity (“coming out”) in lesbian and gay seniors based on the political and legal changes that have occurred in Argentina but also in their relationship with others. Focus groups were conducted with 10 older gay and 10 older lesbians. The results indicate that sociocultural changes are seen as something positive although doubts arise about the in-depth and authenticity of the changes. The same-sex marriage and gender identity laws are considered as a symbol of an era of greater tolerance and diversity in which they have achieved the exercise of their rights as citizens.
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Arístegui, Inés, Alejandro Castro Solano, and Abraham P. Buunk. "Do Transgender People Respond According to Their Biological Sex or Their Gender Identity When Confronted With Romantic Rivals?" Evolutionary Psychology 17, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 147470491985113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474704919851139.
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This study examined the hypothesis that gender identity and biological sex represent independent modules and that transgender individuals respond to romantic rivals in line with their gender identity and not with their biological sex. Additionally, associations of jealousy with intrasexual competitiveness (ISC) and social comparison orientation (SCO) were explored. A total of 134 male-to-female and 94 female-to-male transgender individuals from Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina, responded to a questionnaire. In line with the predictions, female-to-male transgender individuals experienced more jealousy than male-to-female transgender individuals in response to a physically dominant rival, whereas male-to-female individuals experienced more jealousy than female-to-male individuals in response to a physically attractive rival. Regardless of their gender identity, in both groups social-communal attributes were the most jealousy-evoking characteristic. Overall, the results indicate that transgender individuals mainly respond in line with their gender identity and not in line with their biological sex when facing romantic rivals. In addition, transgender individuals high in ISC experienced relatively more jealousy in response to all rival characteristics, whereas SCO was only among male-to-female individuals associated with jealousy.
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Pilipenko, Gleb P. "The Ukrainian Language in Argentina and Paraguay as an Identity Marker." Slovene 7, no. 1 (2018): 281–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2018.7.1.12.
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This paper discusses the function of the Ukrainian language in Argentina and Paraguay. Although there are studies that focus on describing the historical and ethnographic features of the Ukrainian diaspora in this region, there are no studies devoted to the analysis of speech. I collected oral narratives during a field study of Slavic communities in the region in 2015, and this allowed me to draw conclusions about the processes occurring in informants’ speech. I discovered that the Ukrainian language used by descendants of the first and second waves of migration, living in the province of Misiones in Argentina and in the department of Itapúa in Paraguay, retains the traits of the primary dialect system of the South-Western dialect group of Galicia (Halychyna). A large number of contact phenomena (borrowed lexemes, numerals, affirmative and negative particles, etc.) were recorded, as well as language strategies that typically accompany these phenomena. For example, reiteration strategy, metalinguistic comments, and hesitations in choosing suitable words were all present. The principle difficulty in the adoption of words borrowed from Spanish — particularly nouns — is gender affiliation. A characteristic common to all informants was the strategy of code-switching. An analysis of the functioning of toponyms revealed that place names preceded by prepositions remain indeclinable. Personal names remain an important identity marker for members of the Ukrainian diaspora and both Spanish and Ukrainian feature a distinction between onomastic spaces. The identity of speakers is also reflected in ethnonyms that have emerged in the new land of resettlement.
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Farías, Mónica. "Women’s magazines and socioeconomic change: Para Ti, identity and politics in urban Argentina." Gender, Place & Culture 23, no. 5 (July 8, 2015): 607–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0966369x.2015.1034244.
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Marguch, Francisco. "Queer Anomalies: Reading Contemporary Argentinian Literature." Deleuze and Guattari Studies 12, no. 4 (November 2018): 541–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/dlgs.2018.0330.
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This article contrasts the identity politics that took place in the last decades in Argentina with the passing of the Civil Marriage Law and Gender Identity Law with the literary imagination of texts from the same years, in which sexuality exceeds categorisations and presents an anomalous horizon. The first part of the text examines Deleuze and Guattari's concept of the anomalous as a tool to redefine queer sexualities without recourse to a transcendental norm. The second part of the article looks at the work of two writers, Naty Menstrual and Pablo Pérez, as examples of the logic of the anomalous.
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Bolaño Amigo, María Eugenia. "Identidad, educación, género y nación. A Galiza imaxinada a través de la prensa gallega de la emigración (1915-1936)." Historia y Memoria de la Educación, no. 12 (May 27, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/hme.12.2020.26287.
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This work examines the representations of the Galiza imaxinada – Galicia imagined - that, through texts and images related to education and childhood, are portrayed by the press produced by Galician emigrants. For this purpose, we analyze the content of a sample that includes all the numbers published between 1915 and 1936 of Céltiga (Buenos Aires, Argentina) and Eco de Galicia (La Habana, Cuba), magazines that specifically address the representations of identity that go beyond the notions of gender, social class and nation.
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Sosa, Lorena. "Now You See Me? The Visibility of Trans and Travesti Experiences in Criminal Procedures." Politics and Governance 8, no. 3 (September 18, 2020): 266–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i3.2804.
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In 2012, after decades of trans and travesti activism in Argentina, the law on gender identity was finally adopted. Travesti activists Diana Sacayán and Lohana Berkins were at the forefront of these efforts. The same year, after the long struggle of the feminist movement, ‘femicide,’ understood as the murder of women by men in the context of gender-based violence, was incorporated into the Criminal Code as aggravated murder. This legal amendment also criminalized hate crime based on the sexual orientation or gender identity of the victim. Mobilized by Sacayán’s murder in 2015, the trans and travesti collective sought to make the experiences of exclusion and marginalization of the travesti collective visible by coining the notion of ‘travesticide,’ and demanded it to be used in the ensuing criminal trial that followed her death. Constrained by the legal notions of femicide, gender-based violence, and hate crimes, the Tribunal introduced ‘travesticide’ in their decision, yet questions on how to properly operationalize this notion in criminal law remain. Each notion offers opportunities and poses difficulties in making the murder of travestis politically visible and accounted for. By a detailed analysis of the final judgment, this article reflects on the implications of the notions used in the trial and the possible lessons for future interactions with the criminal justice system.
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Schembs, Katharina. "Staging Work in the Corporatist State. Visual Propaganda in Fascist Italy and Peronist Argentina (1922-1955)." Anuario de Historia de América Latina 58 (December 28, 2021): 270–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/jbla.58.162.
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Starting in 1922, Benito Mussolini (1922-1943) reformed Italian labour relations by adopting corporatism. As such, he served as a model for many other heads of state in search of ways out of economic crisis. When the corporatist model spread throughout Latin America in the 1930s and 1940s, the Argentine president Juan Domingo Perón (1946-1955) drew significantly on the Italian precedent. Adhering to an aestheticised concept of politics and making use of modern mass media, both regimes advertised corporatism in their respective visual propaganda, in which the worker came to play a prominent role. The article analyses parallels and differences in the formation of political identities in fascist and Peronist visual media that under both corporatist regimes centred around work. Comparing different role models as they were designed for different members of society, I argue that – apart from gender roles where Peronism resorted to similarly traditional images – Peronist propaganda messages were more future-oriented and inclusive. Racist exclusions of parts of the population from the central worker identity that increasingly characterised fascist propaganda over the course of the 1930s were not adopted in Argentina after 1945. Instead, in state visual media the category of work in its inclusionary dimension served as a promise of belonging to the Peronist community.
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Averina, Olga. "The state and the individual. The politics of gender diversity in Latin America." Latinskaia Amerika, no. 9 (2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044748x0021676-2.
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The article examines the key aspects of gender diversity policy in Latin American countries, as well as philosophical theories that served as a scientific justification for the deconstruction of the binary system, depathologization and normalization of gender non-conformity. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the transgender legislation of Argentina that is recognized by international organizations as the most progressive in the world. The author comes to conclusion that the effectiveness of LGBTI+ rights policy is influenced by such factors as the level of economic development of the state, political ideology and the degree of secularization of society. The main determinant is the activity of social-democratic regimes, which act as drivers of such transformations despite the negative attitude of the majority of the population. Thus, the state's goal of a positive assessment of gender diversity, the reform of the educational system, the stigmatization of psychotherapy and the silencing of negative consequences of gender transition have led to an increase in the number of gender correction surgeries, the emergence of a wide range of identities, as well as to the split of society and the formation of a large-scale anti-gender movement. The content and conclusions of the article and the provided statistical data may be of interest not only for researchers in the Latin American region, but also for specialists in the field of medicine dealing with gender identity disorders.
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Radusky, Pablo D., Virginia Zalazar, Nadir Cardozo, Solange Fabian, Mariana Duarte, Claudia Frola, Pedro Cahn, Omar Sued, and Inés Aristegui. "Reduction of Gender Identity Stigma and Improvements in Mental Health Among Transgender Women Initiating HIV Treatment in a Trans-Sensitive Clinic in Argentina." Transgender Health 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/trgh.2020.0005.
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Ogneva, Elena. "In Search of Identity: A Slave, a Half-Blood, a Senhora." Literature of the Americas, no. 9 (2020): 261–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2020-9-261-282.
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The present article is devoted to the study of the genesis of the “strong woman” type in Latin American prose. It shows that this type, traditionally associated with the modern novel, has appeared in the literature of the continent as early as in the XIX century. The analysis of female images created in the cult novels of leading Latin American writers (an Argentinean José Mármol, a Cuban Cirilo Villaverde and Brazilian Bernardo Guimarães and José de Alencar) during the period of formation of young nations, allows to conclude that they bear the imprint of a chaotic contradiction -based reality. There is a pattern performed by the “strong” female characters of the analyzed novels, marked by the features of social, gender, and racial hybridity; in search of their identity they assert themselves in one way or another in the world of men. The article examines various means via which the characters manage to acquire their own identity, be it dissociation from the civilizing principle, unwillingness or inability to recognize their own “roots”, or “self -actualization” attempts of a talented person. Thus, María Josefa Ezcurra in Amalia by Mármol and Aurelia in Senhora by Alencar – each in her own way – become “men in women’s guise”: the image of the former embodies the “barbaric” essence of young Argentina; the image of the latter embodies “masculine” pragmatism of the transitional era in Brazil. The daring and self -willed Cecilia Valdés from Villaverde's eponymous novel, the “victim” and “executioner” of a white man, painfully realizes her place in the mestizo society of colonial Cuba, passions and vices of which have determined her character. At the bottom of this scale of self -determination in prose of period there is a slave, as it is illustrated in Bernardo Guimarães’s novel Isaura, The Slave Girl.
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Ortbals, Candice D., and Meg E. Rincker. "Fieldwork, Identities, and Intersectionality: Negotiating Gender, Race, Class, Religion, Nationality, and Age in the Research Field Abroad: Editors' Introduction." PS: Political Science & Politics 42, no. 02 (April 2009): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104909650909057x.
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Political scientists who have conducted research abroad experience excitement as well as great disappointment. Meeting and utilizing the help of knowledgeable, responsive interviewees can be exhilarating; yet a cancelled interview, illness, and lack of funds dampens the social scientific enterprise. In this symposium, we discuss the nuts and bolts of field research and we explore the constraints and opportunities that arise from the interaction of researchers' personal identities (gender, race, class, religion, nationality, and age) and their research context. We contend that most training received before fieldwork focuses little, if at all, on the personal consequences of leaving one's home for a year, trying to integrate into another culture, and facing (mis)perceptions based on one's identity. As the quotations above indicate, the symposium hopes to demonstrate how a researcher can be gutsy in the uncharted waters of fieldwork, especially with interactions pertaining to one's identities. Although we acknowledge that no preparation will entirely eradicate disappointing days in the field and misperceptions of identity, we encourage new field researchers and graduate students to be aware that the process of accessing data abroad is an intensely personal one. The symposium contributors are comparativists, mainly at the career stages of assistant professor and recently tenured professor, who have researched in Argentina, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Brazil, Columbia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Ethiopia, France, India, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Mexico, Mozambique, Peru, Poland, Russia, Spain, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
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Padawer, Ana. "Girls’ Work in a Rural Intercultural Setting." Girlhood Studies 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ghs.2018.110208.
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In this article I explore the meaning of work for girls in rural northeastern Argentina as formative experience that forges their identity as peasants in the contemporary world. Based on ethnographic research conducted from 2008 to the present in rural areas of San Ignacio (Misiones), I examine, from the perspective of regulatory definitions regarding children’s work, the ways in which young girls gradually participate in the social reproduction of families. Girls’ participation in these activities should not be romanticized as part of a socialization process, but, rather, critically considered as formative experience in which class, age, gender, and ethnic distinctions define certain tasks as girls’ peasant skills. Using data from participant observations made on three farms, I show how girls have an active role in the appropriation of knowledge through shared activities with boys, although such learning is overshadowed by the prevailing socio-historic construct of male dominance.
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B. Di Liscia, María Herminia. "Identidades y prácticas en conflicto. El Programa Nacional de Educación Sexual Integral de Argentina." La Manzana de la Discordia 8, no. 1 (March 29, 2016): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/lamanzanadeladiscordia.v8i1.1552.
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Resumen: El tema central de este artículo refiere a los límites de la ciudadanía con relación al ejercicio de los derechos sobre el cuerpo a partir del discurso parlamentario. Se analizan las concepciones vigentes en el tratamiento de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos y los condicionantes que imponen las identidades de legisladores y legisladoras, referido a la ley 26150, sancionada en 2006, que crea el Programa Nacional de Educación Sexual Integral. La consideración de normas en las que el cuerpo se hace visible en un recinto público, comporta malestares y zozobras en legisladoras y legisladores en quienes pueden vislumbrarse las antiguas alianzas del peronismo con la iglesia y una retórica general moralizante. El consenso alcanzado para aprobar esta ley, no implica desconocer las resistencias que siguen subsistiendo en las prácticas concretas que se requieren para su implementación.Palabras claves: Identidades, género, derechos, educación sexualIdentities and Practices in Conflict. The National Program of Integral Sex Education in ArgentinaAbstract: The central theme of this article refers to the limits of the citizenship concerning the exercise of the rights on the body on the basis of parliamentaryspeech. It discusses the current concepts in the treatment of sexual and reproductive rights and the constraints imposed by the identities of legislators, with reference to Act 26150, sanctioned into law in 2006, establishing the National Programme of Integral Sexual education. The consideration of standards in which the body becomes visible in a public venue, involves discomforts and disturbances in legislators in whom we glimpse the old alliances of Peronism with the Church and a general moralizing rhetoric. The consensus reached to approve this law does not ignore the resistances that still subsist in the specific practices that are required for their implementation. Keywords: Identity, gender, rights and sex education.
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Dellacasa, María Alejandra. "Personas trans y procesos de tecnificación de la existencia. Apropiaciones e innovaciones en torno al uso de artefactos=Transgender people and processes of technification of existence. Appropriations and innovations aroud the use of artifacts." Cuestiones de género: de la igualdad y la diferencia, no. 15 (June 25, 2020): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/cg.v0i15.6177.
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<p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>Iniciamos este análisis identificando una serie de aristas políticas asociadas a las tecnologías de intervención corporal para el caso de personas trans. Ello constituye una invitación abierta a repensar, por un lado, el papel de los pacientes/ usuarixs/ consumidores y, por otro, los efectos sociales que se desprenden de la actualización de los sentidos y los propósitos con que fueron idealmente concebidos los artefactos. Sostenemos que la Ley de Identidad de Género en Argentina propició un proceso de politización de las demandas y las subjetividades de las personas trans. Al tiempo que habilitó una instancia de democratización de las tecnologías de intervención corporal, tanto en lo que respecta al acceso, como a la direccionalidad y los fines con que son utilizadas.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>We begin this analysis by identifying a series of political edges associated with body intervention technologies in the case of transgender people. This constitutes an open invitation to rethink, on the one hand, the role of patients / users / consumers and, on the other hand, the social effects that arise from the updating of the senses and the purposes with which the artifacts were ideally conceived. We maintain that the Gender Identity Law in Argentina promoted a process of politicization of the demands and subjectivities of transgender people. At the same time, it enabled an instance of democratization of body intervention technologies, both in terms of access, as well as the directionality and the purposes for which they are used.</p>
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Carrera Aizpitarte, Luciana. "La posibilidad de tener una infancia: la identidad de género en la enseñanza de la filosofía." Trilhas Filosóficas 12, no. 1 (October 24, 2019): 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25244/tf.v12i1.25.
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é colocar em relação o ensino da filosofia com um problema específico da infância: o fato de que esta apareça como um território inacessível para muitas crianças, por causa de sua identidade de gênero. Neste sentido, tento traçar aqui um mapa da infância segundo as disposições das organizações internacionais e as legislações locais argentinas que se ocupam de protegê-la, para contrastar com a realidade das crianças transgêneros, segundo algumas pesquisas realizadas por diferentes organizações. Essa comparação mostra até que ponto o mapa difere do território e nos permite perguntar pelas causas desta divergência. Falarei aqui da construção social e cultural de uma ontologia da monstruosidade para o caso destas crianças. Esta ontologia coloca um desafio no momento de pensar filosoficamente o ensino da filosofia, pois esta disciplina elabora suas reflexões e pesquisas partindo de um sujeito cujas experiências e problemas pressupõem uma certa “normalidade” em relação a qual as crianças trans estão excluídas.
Palavras-chave: Identidade de género. Infância. Ontologia da monstruosidade. Ensino da filosofia.
Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es poner en relación la enseñanza de la filosofía con un problema específico de la infancia: el hecho de que ésta aparezca como un territorio inaccesible para muchos niños y niñas, a causa de su identidad de género. En este sentido, intento trazar aquí un mapa de la infancia según las disposiciones de los organismos internacionales y las legislaciones locales argentinas que se ocupan de protegerla, para contrastar con la realidad de los niños y niñas transgénero, según algunos relevamientos realizados por diferentes organizaciones. Esa comparación muestra hasta qué punto el mapa difiere del territorio y nos permite preguntarnos por las causas de esta divergencia. Hablaré aquí de la construcción social y cultural de una ontología de la monstruosidad para el caso de estos niños y niñas. Esta ontología plantea un desafío a la hora de pensar filosóficamente la enseñanza de la filosofía, puesto que esta disciplina elabora sus reflexiones e investigaciones partiendo de un sujeto cuyas experiencias y problemas suponen una cierta “normalidad” respecto de la cual los niños y niñas trans están excluidos.
Palabras clave: Identidad de género. Infancia. Ontología de la monstruosidade. Enseñanza de la filosofia.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to draw a connection between the teaching of philosophy and a specific problem concerning childhood: the fact that it appears as an inaccessible territory to many children because of their gender identity. In this sense, I attempt to present here a map of childhood as conceived by certain international agencies and local Argentine legislations that are responsible for protecting it. In so doing, I intend to contrast this map with the reality of transgender children, recovered in specific studies carried out by different political organizations. This comparison reveals the extent to which the map differs from the actual territory and allows us to raise questions about the causes of this divergence. I will refer here to the social and cultural construction of an ontology of monstrosity in the case of these children. This ontology, in turn, poses a challenge when thinking philosophically the teaching of philosophy, since this discipline reflects upon and examines the experiences and problems of a subject within the boundaries of an assumed “normality” in respect of which transgender children are excluded.
Keywords: Gender identity. Childhood. Ontology of monstrosity. Philosophy teaching.
REFERENCIAS
1 Autores y autoras
BERKINS, Lohana; FERNÁNDEZ, Josefina (Coords.). La gesta del nombre propio: Informe sobre la situación de la comunidad travesti en la Argentina. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Madres de Plaza de Mayo, 2013.
BERKINS, Lohana (Comp.). Cumbia, copeteo y lágrimas: Informe nacional sobre la situación de las travestis, transexuales y transgéneros. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Madres de Plaza de Mayo, 2015.
BUTLER, Judith. Vida precaria: El poder del duelo y la violencia. Traducción de Fermín Rodríguez. Buenos Aires: Paidós, 2006.
BUTLER, Judith. Marcos de guerra: Las vidas lloradas. Traducción de Bernardo Moreno Carrillo. Barcelona: Paidó, 2010.
CARRERA AIZPITARTE, Luciana. Vigilar y castigar (los cuerpos): la enseñanza de la filosofía frente al sistema de opresión sexo-género. In: RODRIGUES, A., BERLE, S. y KOHAN, W., Filosofia e educação em errância: inventar escola, infâncias do pensar. Río de Janeiro: NEFI, 2018, p. 169-180.
DESCOMBES, Vincent. Lo mismo y lo otro: Cuarenta y cinco años de filosofía francesa (1933-1978). Traducción de Elena Benarroch. Madrid: Cátedra, 1988.
FLORES, val. Asco y heteronormatividad. Apuntes para pensar una política de las emociones en educación. II Coloquio Interdisciplinario “Educación, sexualidades y relaciones de género. Investigaciones y experiencias” – UBA, 2007. Disponible on-line: http://escritoshereticos.blogspot.com/2009/04/asco-y-heteronormatividad-apuntes-para.html. Último acceso: 29.07.2019
FLORES, val. Afectos, pedagogías, infancias y heteronormatividad. Reflexiones sobre el daño, XX Congreso Pedagógico UTE – 2015 Poéticas de las pedagogías del Sur. Educación, emancipación e igualdad, 2015. Disponible on-line:
https://educacionute.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Afectos-pedagogias-infancias-heteronormatividad-PONENCIA-2.pdf. Último acceso: 29.07.2019
FOUCAULT, Michel. La verdad y las formas jurídicas. Traducción de Enrique Lynch. Barcelona: Gedisa, 1996.
WITTIG, Monique. El punto de vista: ¿universal o particular?. In: WITTIG, Monique. El pensamiento heterosexual y otros ensayos. Buenos Aires: Libros de la mala semilla, 2015a, p. 67-74.
WITTIG, Monique. Homo Sum. In: WITTIG, Monique. El pensamiento heterosexual y otros ensayos. Buenos Aires: Libros de la mala semilla, 2015b.
2 Normativas e informes internacionales
ASAMBLEA GENERAL DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS. Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos, 1948. Disponible on-line: https://www.un.org/es/documents/udhr/UDHR_booklet_SP_web.pdf. Último acceso: 29.07.2019.
ASAMBLEA GENERAL DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS. Declaración de los Derechos del Niño, 1959, Disponible on-line: https://www.humanium.org/es/declaracion-de-los-derechos-del-nino-texto-completo/. Último acceso: 29.07.2019.
ASAMBLEA GENERAL DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS. Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño, 1989. Disponible on-line: https://www.ohchr.org/sp/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx. Último acceso: 29.07.2019.
CONSEJO DE DERECHOS HUMANOS DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS. Principios de Yogyakarta, 2007. Disponible on-line: https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain/opendocpdf.pdf?reldoc=y&docid=48244e9f2. Último acceso: 29.07.2019.
CONSEJO DE DERECHOS HUMANOS DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS. Informe del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas por los Derechos Humanos (ACNUDH): Leyes y prácticas discriminatorias y actos de violencia cometidos contra personas por su orientación sexual o su identidad de género, 2011. Disponible on-line:
https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/19session/A.HRC.19.41_Spanish.pdf. Último acceso: 29.07.2019.
FONDO DE LA NACIONES UNIDAS PARA LA INFANCIA (UNICEF). Infancia y Adolescencia. Guía para periodistas. Perspectiva de género, 2017. Disponible on-line:
https://www.unicef.org/argentina/sites/unicef.org.argentina/files/2018-04/COM-1_PerspectivaGenero_WEB.pdf. Último acceso: 29.07.2019.
3 Legislación argentina
ARGENTINA. Ley 23.592. Contra Actos Discriminatorios, 1988. Disponible on-line: http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/6916/109135/F1790413888/ARG6916.pdf. Último acceso: 29.07.2019.
ARGENTINA. Ley 26.061. Protección Integral de Niñas, Niños y Adolescentes, 2005. Disponible on-line: https://www.oas.org/dil/esp/Ley_de_Proteccion_Integral_de_los_Derechos_de_las_Ninas_Ninos_y_Adolescentes_Argentina.pdf. Último acceso: 29.07.2019.
ARGENTINA. Ley 26.150. Programa Nacional de Educación Sexual Integral, 2006. Disponible on-line: http://servicios.infoleg.gob.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/120000-124999/121222/norma.htm. Último acceso: 29.07.2019.
ARGENTINA. Ley 26.743. De Identidad de Género, 2012. Disponible on-line: http://servicios.infoleg.gob.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/195000-199999/197860/norma.htm. Último acceso: 29.07.2019.
ARGENTINA. Ley 26.791. Modificación del Código Penal (tipificación de los crímenes por orientación sexual o identidad de género como crímenes de odio), 2012. Disponible on-line: http://servicios.infoleg.gob.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/205000-209999/206018/norma.htm. Último acceso: 29.07.2019.
4 Documentales
HISTORIAS DEBIDAS: Lohana Berkins. Producido el Canal Encuentro, Televisión Pública, Argentina 2009. Disponible on-line: http://encuentro.gob.ar/programas/serie/8062/1628. Último acceso: 29.07.2019.
NIÑOS ROSADOS Y NIÑAS AZULES. Estimados Producciones, Chile, 2016. Disponible on-line: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WfBuMoSJsTo. Último acceso: 29.07.2019.
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Santoro, Chiara, and Mª Carmen Monreal Gimeno. "LOS MODELOS DE GÉNERO EN EL ALUMNADO UNIVERSITARIO ESPAÑOL: UN ENFOQUE DESDE LA AUTOPERCEPCIÓN Y LAS RELACIONES DE GÉNERO." International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 2, no. 1 (October 22, 2017): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2017.n1.v2.941.
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Abstract.GENDER MODELS IN THE SPANISH UNIVERSITY STUDENT: A FOCUS ON SELF-SERVICE AND GENDER RELATIONS.This paper presents the results concerning the resistance of normative gender models of masculinity and femininity in the self-perception and gender relations of Spanish students, as one of the specific objectives of the research “gender models among university students from an intercultural perspective”. This research, which is part of the IRSES Gendercit European project, has the general objective of study from an intercultural perspective current gender models in Argentinian, Italian and Spanish university students. This research is carried out from an approach that understands gender from a relational perspective and uses gender models as indicators of the resistance of a patriarchal culture that hinders the achievement of substantial equality between men and women that the law 3/2007, of 22 March, promotes in Spain. Furthermore, the questionnaire on gender models, used in this research, and the results related to self-perception and gender relations in the Spanish sample, composed of 198 undergraduate students, are presented. In the conclusions, we show how the differential resistance of gender models in men and women in self-perception, may be related to gender relations’ modalities and forms and to the causes of their main differences. The analysis of these elements allows us to deepen the understanding of the resistances and dynamics of the sex-gender system in an educational context, such as the university, so important for the construction of a more egalitarian society.Key words: gender equality, university students, self identity, gender relations.Resumen.En esta ponencia se presentan los resultados relativos a la resistencia de los modelos de género normativos de masculinidad y feminidad en la autopercepción y las relaciones de género de los/las estudiantes españoles/as, como uno de los objetivos específicos de la investigación “Los modelos de género entre el alumnado universitario desde una perspectiva intercultural”. Esta investigación, que es parte del proyecto europeo IRSES Gendercit, tiene como objetivo general el estudio desde una perspectiva intercultural de los actuales modelos de género en las y los estudiantes universitarios/as de Italia, España y Argentina. La misma se desarrolla a partir de un enfoque que entiende el género desde una perspectiva relacional y utiliza a los modelos de género como medidores de la resistencia de una cultura patriarcal que dificulta el conseguimiento de la igualdad sustancial entre hombres y mujeres, que en el contexto español promueve la ley 3/2007, de 22 de Marzo. A continuación, se presenta el cuestionario sobre modelos de género, utilizado en esta investigación, y los resultados relativos a la autopercepción y a la percepción de los demás en la muestra española, compuesta por 198 estudiantes de grado. En las conclusiones, se evidencia como la resistencia diferencial de los modelos de género en hombres y mujeres en la autopercepción de si, puede estar relacionadas con las modalidades y las formas que adquieren las relaciones de género entre los sexos y las causas de sus principales diferencias por sexo. El análisis de estos elementos nos permite así profundizar en la comprensión de las resistencias y de las dinámicas del sistema sexo-género en un contexto educativo, como el universitario, tan importante para la construcción de una sociedad igualitaria.Palabras clave: igualdad de género, estudiantes universitarios, identidad, relaciones de género
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Blejmar, Jordana. "Introduction." Critical Times 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/26410478-9536567.
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Abstract On June 3, 2015, thousands of people in Argentina gathered in the streets to protest the murder of fourteen-year-old Chiara Paez at the hands of her boyfriend. Following her brutal death, a wave of indignation spread on social media with the viral hashtags #NiUnaMenos and #VivasNosQueremos. What started as an act of public grief and defiance against patriarchy rapidly found an angry but also unexpectedly upbeat tone, a combination of collective fury and exhaustion expressed in highly theatrical and political performances of affection and resistance. “We are moved by desire” became one of the movement's taglines. María Pia López's Not One Less: Mourning, Disobedience, and Desire (2021), among the first English accounts from inside the movement, reflects on this phenomenon and serves as a practical tool in current feminist struggles, feeding the very same transnational, intersectional, transformative movement in which the author has participated as protagonist, connoisseur, and chronicler. López is one of the leading voices of the fourth wave of Latin American feminisms. This collection of commentaries is animated by the dialogical spirit of her book, addressing issues ranging from the transnational identity of feminist political activism; the connection between gender equality and class struggle; the movement's combination of mourning, ecstasy, and desire; and—arguably one of the most important achievements of NUM—feminism's ability to alter the political imagination and common sense.
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Arístegui, Inés, Pablo D. Radusky, Virginia Zalazar, Marcela Romero, Jessica Schwartz, and Omar Sued. "Impact of the Gender Identity Law in Argentinean transgender women." International Journal of Transgenderism 18, no. 4 (April 28, 2017): 446–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2017.1314796.
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Hollar, Julie. "The political mediation of Argentina's gender identity law: LGBT activism and rights innovation." Journal of Human Rights 17, no. 4 (April 6, 2018): 453–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2018.1450739.
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Bard Wigdor, Gabriela, and Mariana Loreta Magallanes. "El Masculinismo Hetero-Hegemónico Argentino y su Estrategia desde el Ciberactivismo." Masculinities & Social Change 7, no. 1 (February 21, 2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/mcs.2018.2827.
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The present work deals with the cyberactivist masculinist groups in Argentina, analyzed from the cross between gender studies and the Internet. The objective is to identify, visualize and deconstruct the arguments that support the online practices of two hetero-hegemonic groups with presence on the local network: 'United Men' and 'Machos Alfa'. On this aim, a qualitative methodology was used based on the non- participant observation of the virtual public spaces, as well as the discursive analysis of its posts in social network sites. As a result, on the basis of their arguments, we identify the recurrence of three elements linked to feminist discussion topics: gender dysphoria, parental alienation syndrome and the defense of the nuclear family model. We argue that the actions of these groups are oriented both to delegitimizing feminist claims and reacting to the advance of sexual and gender rights. We reflect on the reprivatization of these rights and the reproduction of the dominant capitalist hetero-patriarchal system.
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Pousadela, Inés M. "From embarrassing objects to subjects of rights: the Argentine LGBT movement and the Equal Marriage and Gender Identity laws." Development in Practice 23, no. 5-06 (August 2013): 701–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2013.802291.
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Caminotti, Mariana, and Jennifer M. Piscopo. "Neither Penalised nor Prized: Feminist Legislators, Women’s Representation, and Career Paths in Argentina." Journal of Politics in Latin America 11, no. 2 (August 2019): 181–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1866802x19876460.
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The conventional wisdom holds that party leaders punish women legislators who advocate for gender equality. We test this assumption using the Argentine case, asking two questions. First, who counts as a feminist legislator and how do we know? Second, do feminist legislators have career trajectories that indicate marginalisation or penalisation? We use bill authorship data and expert surveys to identify legislators of both sexes who champion feminist causes and who adopt a gendered, though not necessarily feminist, perspective. Comparing these categories of legislators to those in the general population, we find no meaningful differences in political careers by either legislators’ gender or policy profile. In fact, many feminist champions hold prestigious positions while in congress, but this political capital results neither in punishment nor reward after congress. Women who represent women do not go on to the top posts after congress, but neither do they disappear from public life.
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Sánchez, Verónica, María Dolores Plana, and María Elena Benítez. "Anaphoric resources in expository texts produced by children: The impact of a didactic sequence." Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal 15, no. 2 (January 21, 2014): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/udistrital.jour.calj.2013.2.a01.
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This paper aims to explore the incidence of didactic strategies on the usage of anaphoric resources, in written expository texts, produced by Spanish speaking children, from Córdoba, Argentina. In order to identify and analyze the anaphoric resources used by children, we designed and implemented a sequence of didactic activities, based on gender textual characteristics. The genre to teach was the “encyclopedia entry”. We analyzed the children production obstacles and difficulties and compared the productions before and after the didactic intervention, in order to assess the impact of teaching in the development of the cohesion devices. Eighty Spanish speaking children, of 3rd grade who attended two schools from Córdoba, Argentina, participated in this study. The results showed consistent changes after the didactic intervention that mainly consisted in an increase of the diversity of resources and the adequacy score in final productions; a higher presence of lexical resources, a higher precision and a decrease of ambiguous ellipsis.
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Bordoni, Noemí, Pablo A. Salgado, Ángela Argentieri, and Aldo F. Squassi. "Learning strategies of dental students in Buenos Aires, Argentina prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic." Acta Odontológica Latinoamericana 35, no. 3 (December 19, 2022): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54589/aol.35/3/214.
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Various theories have endeavored to explain how knowledge is accessed. Students, in order to learn, need a good repertoire of appropriate metacognitive and self-regulating strategies and knowledge, which they use consciously or unconsciously. Teachers, in addition to knowing how to teach, need to be aware of students’ learning strategies, metacognition, and self-regulation, and of the impact of changes associated with recent pandemic scenarios. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the study strategies preferred by dental students in two different scenarios: prior to and during the pandemic. Materials and Method: The sample consisted of third-year dentistry students at Buenos Aires University (UBA) during 2019 (Group GP, 141 students, face-toface activity) and 2021 (Group GE, 60 students, e-learning during the pandemic). Participants were asked (a) to provide demographic information (sex and age) and (b) to answer the abridged ACRA scale. Statistical treatment included descriptive tests; Chi2, binomial exact and Student’s t-test (p<0.05). Results: The proportion of students who participated with respect to total students enrolled was 58.50% in 2019 and 26.20% in 2021, with female gender being significantly higher. There were significant differences in total number of participants during the different periods (p=0.001), and in gender distribution during the pandemic (p=0.007). Comparison between groups GP and GE showed no significant difference regarding preferences expressed in total values for the scale or for the domains. Analysis of preferences according to gender showed significant differences in total group (p=0.007) and the domains CLCS (Cognitive and Learning Control Strategies) (p= 0.008) and LSS (Learning Support Strategies) (p=0.002). The mean values of preferences selected by females were higher. Similar results were found upon analyzing preferences during the pandemic (n= 60) considering total score (p= 0.033) and the domains CLCS (p= 0.035) and LSS (p= 0.007). Conclusions: The study identified trends towards an increase in the score and consequently greater use of techniques included in the domains related to metacognition, especially among women. There is potential neutralization of the impact created by the methodological shift between the two periods (face-to-face and e-learning) probably as a result of the implicit adaptability, latent in students, regarding digital methodology, which enables them to adapt to learning in challenging situations. Keywords: learning strategies - e-learning - gender - COVID-19
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Cordova, Ezequiel, Analia Mykietiuk, Omar Sued, Lautaro De Vedia, Natalia Pacifico, Matias H. Garcia Hernandez, Natalia M. Baeza, et al. "Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a Latin American country: Results from the ECCOVID multicenter prospective study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 8, 2021): e0258260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258260.
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Background Clinical features and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infections diverge in different countries. The aim of this study was to describe clinical characteristics and outcomes in a cohort of patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 in Argentina. Methods Multicenter prospective cohort study of ≥18 years-old patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection consecutively admitted to 19 hospitals in Argentina. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify variables associated with 30-day mortality and admission to intensive care unit (ICU). Results A total of 809 patients were analyzed. Median age was 53 years, 56% were males and 71% had at least one comorbidity. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (32%), obesity (23%) and diabetes (17%). Disease severity at admission was classified as mild 25%, moderate 51%, severe 17%, and critical 7%. Almost half of patients (49%) required supplemental oxygen, 18% ICU, and 12% invasive ventilation. Overall, 30-day mortality was 11%. Factors independently associated with ICU admission were male gender (OR 1.81; 95%CI 1.16–2.81), hypertension (OR 3.21; 95%CI 2.08–4.95), obesity (OR 2.38; 95%CI 1.51–3.7), oxygen saturation ≤93% (OR 6.45; 95%CI 4.20–9.92) and lymphopenia (OR 3.21; 95%CI 2.08–4.95). Factors independently associated with 30-day mortality included age ≥60 years-old (OR 2.68; 95% CI 1.63–4.43), oxygen saturation ≤93% (OR 3.19; 95%CI 1.97–5.16) and lymphopenia (OR 2.65; 95%CI 1.64–4.27). Conclusions This cohort validates crucial clinical data on patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 in Argentina.
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Carnero Contentti, Edgar, Pablo Adrián López, Juan Pablo Pettinicchi, Veronica Tkachuk, María Eugenia Balbuena, and Alejandro Caride. "Employment status in people with relapsing multiple sclerosis from Argentina: Impact of disability and neuropsychological factors." Work 68, no. 4 (April 27, 2021): 1171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-213446.
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BACKGROUND: Unemployment is common in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and might be prevented if factors associated with work loss are identified. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the impact of multiple sclerosis (MS) on employment status in a cohort of PwMS from Argentina and to evaluate their association with anxiety, depression, fatigue and disability. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess employment in PwMS using an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire, which also included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale and Expanded Disability Status Scale. The data was compared between employed (full-time vs. part-time) vs. unemployed (looking for vs. not looking for work) PwMS. Univariate and multivariate models were designed to identify factors independently associated with unemployment. RESULTS: Among the 167 PwMS, 120 (71.6%, full-time = 65%) were employed, and 47 (28.4%, looking for work = 27.6%) were currently unemployed. Age, gender, and duration of disease were similar in both groups. Univariate analysis showed that anxiety, depression, fatigue and disability were significantly associated with unemployed PwMS. However, only disability (OR = 1.36 (1.08–1.70), p = 0.007) was independently associated with unemployment after applying multivariate analysis (logistic regression). CONCLUSION: Nearly one-third of PwMS from this sample in Argentina were unemployed. Neuropsychological factors and disability were associated with unemployment status.
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Tocancipá-Falla, Jairo. "“CAFÍS EN LA “CIUDAD BLANCA”: IDENTIDAD, CRISIS CAFETERA Y EL RESTABLECIMIENTO DEL ORDEN SOCIAL EN COLOMBIA”*Una versión de este artículo fue presentado en el I Congreso Latinoamericano de Antropología realizado en El Rosario,Argentina, entre el 11 y el 15 de Julio de 2005. Se agradece el apoyo de la Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones de la Universidad del Cauca. El autor agradece igualmente al evaluador anónimo por los comentarios críticos al texto en su versión inicial. / “CAF“S AT THE “WHITE CITY”: IDENTITY, COFFEE CRISIS, AND THE REESTABLISHMENT OF SOCIAL ORDER WITHIN COLOMBIA”." Revista de Estudios Sociales, no. 25 (December 2006): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7440/res25.2006.08.
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Gentile, Angela, Maria Florencia Lucion, María del Valle Juárez, María Soledad Areso, Lucia Paglieri, María Agustina Pirker, Julia Bakir, Mariana Viegas, Stephanie Goya, and Alicia S. Mistchenko. "2316. RSV Mortality: 19 Years’ Experience in a Pediatric Hospital in Argentina." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1994.
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Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in children. We aimed to describe the clinical–epidemiological pattern and risk factors for mortality associated with RSV infection. Methods Prospective, cross-sectional study of ALRI in children admitted to a Children’s Hospital among 2000–2018. Viral diagnosis was made by fluorescent antibody techniques or real-time PCR. We compared clinical–epidemiological characteristics of RSV infection in nonfatal vs. fatal cases. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of mortality. Results From a total 16,018 patients with ALRI, 13,545(84.6%) were tested for respiratory viruses, 6047 (45%) were positive: RSV 81.1% (4,907), influenza 7.5% (456), parainfluenza 6.9% (419) and adenovirus 4.4% (265). RSV had a seasonal epidemic pattern coinciding with months of lowest average temperature. RSV mortality rate: 1.7% (83/4,855). Fatal cases had a higher proportion of: prematurity (P < 0.01), perinatal respiratory history (P < 0.01), malnourishment (P < 0.01), congenital heart disease (P < 0.01), chronic neurological disease (P < 0.01) and pneumonia as clinical presentation (<0.01). No significant difference between gender was observed. The annual mortality rate distribution was not stable over the study period with the highest mortality in the year 2002. Most deaths occurred among children who had complications: respiratory distress (80.7%), sepsis (31.3%) and atelectasis (13.2%). Independent predictors of RSV mortality were: moderate to severe malnourishment OR 3.64 (95% CI 1.96–6.74)P < 0.01, chronic neurological disease OR 3.99 (95% CI 2.04–7.79) P < 0.01, congenital heart disease OR 4.10 (95% CI 2.36–7.15)P < 0.01 and age under 6 months OR 1.96 (95% CI 1.23–3.11)P < 0.01. Conclusion RSV showed an epidemic seasonal pattern. Malnourishment, chronic neurological disease, congenital heart disease, age under 6 months and pneumonia were the independent risk factors for RSV mortality. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Castronuovo, Luciana, Maria Victoria Tiscornia, Leila Guarnieri, Enrique Martins, Fabio S. Gomes, and Lorena Allemandi. "Efficacy of different front-of-package labeling systems in changing purchase intention and product healthfulness perception for food products in Argentina." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 46 (September 26, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2022.137.
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Objectives. To identify the front-of-package scheme—Multiple Traffic Light (MTL), Nutri-Score (NS), and black octagon Warning System (WS)—most effective in reducing purchase intention and perceived product healthfulness of drinking yogurts, cookies and cheese spreads, and to assess the joint influence of nutrient claims on the effects. Methods. Randomized-controlled experiment. A within-subjects factorial design was used to evaluate the influence of three independent factors on perceived product healthfulness and purchase intention. A total of 704 adults in Argentina were shown three mock-up products and asked to indicate which product they would buy choosing between pairs of products from different categories and to rate product healthfulness on a 7-point Likert scale. Results. The WS was the most effective in reducing purchase intention in drinking yogurts (OR:0.16, 95%CI: 0.09;0.28), cookies (OR:0.10, 95%CI: 0.05;0.18) and cheese spreads (OR:0.10, 95%CI: 0.05;0.18), and the perception of healthfulness (WS Mean score 3,63 vs No label 4,24, p<0.001), regardless of the participants’ gender, age, and level of education. NS was inefficacious in reducing product healthfulness perception, while MTL had significantly increased how healthful the product was perceived (p<0.001). Nutrient claims increased purchase intention and perception of healthfulness, thus reducing the effectiveness of front-of-package labels (p<0.001). Conclusions. In line with growing evidence, our findings support that WS perform better than NS and MTL in reducing purchase intention and healthfulness perception of products with excessive amounts of critical nutrients associated with the greatest burden of diseases. Front-of-package WS are expected to facilitate the population in Argentina to make healthier decisions.
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Mulinari, Diana, and Nora Räthzel. "Politicizing Biographies: The Forming of Transnational Subjectivities as Insiders Outside." Feminist Review 86, no. 1 (July 2007): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fr.9400336.
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We take our own life stories as points of departure to look at some of the ways in which women were politicized in Argentina and West Germany (our respective countries of origin), focusing on similarities as well as differences in our politicization processes. We aim at putting present discussions about global political movements into a historical perspective. We want also to illuminate the centrality of political identities in the construction of specific (gendered) subjectivities. Our focus lies on theorizing the ways through which privileged (gendered) identities critically re-read their own position and transform their own understanding of themselves and the world through the field of the political. Methodologically, we want to contribute to ways of re-thinking Feminist methodologies by experimenting with a form of analysis in which we are alternately the subject and the object of our research process. The aim of this intervention is to transgress the binary oppositions between researcher/researched and challenge traditional understanding of social science where researchers provide analysis and informants have ‘experience’. One of our conclusions is that the 68 movement provided subject positions for living alternative normalities as an ‘insider-outside’, that is, for those who belonged to normalized groups in their respective societies, but for different reasons (of which we analyse some concerning our formation as ‘women’) could not identify with the dominant normalities offered to them. At the same time, the dominant male instrumentality of the movement estranged (some) women and allowed them (or forced them into) a kind of distanced engagement that, perhaps paradoxically, provided a basis for sustaining their political subjectivities through transformative experiences of defeat.
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Belizan, Maria, Juan P. Alonso, Analía Nejamis, Joaquín Caporale, Mariano G. Copo, Mario Sánchez, Adolfo Rubinstein, and Vilma Irazola. "Barriers to hypertension and diabetes management in primary health care in Argentina: qualitative research based on a behavioral economics approach." Translational Behavioral Medicine 10, no. 3 (April 4, 2019): 741–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibz040.
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Abstract Despite efforts to improve detection and treatment of adults with hypertension and diabetes in Argentina, many public healthcare system users remain undiagnosed or face barriers in managing these diseases. The purpose of this study is to identify health system, provider, and user-related factors that may hinder detection and treatment of hypertension and diabetes using a traditional and behavioral economics approach. We did qualitative research using in-depth semistructured interviews and focus groups with healthcare providers and adult users of Public Primary Care Clinics. Health system barriers included inadequate care accessibility; poor integration between primary care clinics and local hospitals; lack of resources; and gender bias and neglect of adult chronic disease. Healthcare provider–related barriers were inadequate training; lack of availability or reluctance to adopt Clinical Practice Guidelines; and lack of counseling prioritization. From a behavioral economics perspective, bottlenecks were related to inertia and a status quo, overconfidence, and optimism biases. User-related barriers for treatment adherence included lack of accurate information; resistance to adopt lifelong treatment; affordability; and medical advice mistrust. From a behavioral economics perspective, the most significant bottlenecks were overconfidence and optimism, limited attention, and present biases. Based on these findings, new interventions that aim to improve prevention and control of chronic conditions can be proposed. The study provides empirical evidence regarding the barriers and bottlenecks in managing chronic conditions in primary healthcare settings. Results may contribute to the design of behavioral interventions targeted towards healthcare provision for the affected population.
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B. Marega, Olga, and Juan E. Mezzich. "TRANSGENDER PERSON-CENTERED CARE IN PANDEMIC TIMES." International Journal of Person Centered Medicine 11, no. 3 (January 23, 2023): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/ijpcm.v11i3.1089.
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Introduction and Objectives: This article aims to outline the need for a person-centered approach to sexual health for transgender people in COVID-19 pandemic times.Methods: These involved reviews of international healthcare standards and the principles and strategies of person-centered health care, which articulate science and humanism. Ethical imperatives, including respect for all persons’ dignity and “first do not harm” as well as scientific considerations, including recognition of the eco-bio-psycho-social-spiritual multidimensionality of person and health were attended to.Results: The approach outlined here attends to Universal Sexual Rights, and the multidimensionality of persons’ sexual diversity, in the context of the current pandemic. This is illustrated through the Gender Identity Law enacted by the Argentine Ministry of Health in 2014 and its 2020 amendment, formulated in the face of the pandemic. The healthcare approach outlined here involves recommendations to promote access to health care for transgender, transvestite, and sexual non-binary people in the context of the pandemic.Conclusions: All persons can present and experience a unique and multidimensional sexual profile that should be assessed thoroughly within the multidimensional framework of total health and total person. Health care should be scientifically thorough, provided prudently, informed by the “first do not harm” ethical principle, fully respectful of human and sexual rights and responsibilities, and aimed at advancing total health and complete well-being for all throughout their life course.
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Yu, Holly, Nestor Flaster, Adrian Casanello, and Daniel Curcio. "1498. Assess Risk Factors, Mortality, and Healthcare Utilization Associated with Clostridioides difficile Infection (CDI) in 4 Latin American Countries." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1362.
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Abstract Background In contrast to Europe and North America, little is known about Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in Latin America, especially about risk factors, mortality, and healthcare utilization. Methods We conducted a retrospective, case–control study at eight hospital centers in Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, and Chile. Hospital databases and medical records were used to identify nosocomial CDI cases from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2017. CDI cases were patients with diarrhea and a positive CDI testing ≥72 hours after hospital admission. Two controls with no CDI diagnosis and diarrhea were matched to each CDI case and were required to (1) have a length of hospital stay (LOS) ≥ 3 days, (2) be admitted ±14 days from the case, and (3) share the same ward. Risk factors associated with CDI were assessed by conditional logistic regression. Mortality and healthcare utilization were compared between cases and controls. Results A total of 1,443 patients (≥18 years old) who met eligibility criteria were selected (481 cases and 962 controls). Comparing cases to controls, the mean age and gender representation were similar (age: 58.7 vs. 56.7 years, P = 0.269; male: 56.3% vs. 53.4%, P = 0.293), but comorbidity was higher (mean Charlson Comorbidity index: 4.3 vs. 3.6, p Conclusion Antibiotic exposure, existing medical conditions, and recent hospital admission are CDI major risk factors in Latin America. CDI also increased in-hospital death risk and LOS. These findings are consistent with published literature in developed countries. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Bracamonte, Lucía. "Mujeres benefactoras en el sudoeste bonaerense argentino: el caso del Patronato de la Infancia de Bahía Blanca, 1906-1931." HiSTOReLo. Revista de Historia Regional y Local 4, no. 7 (January 1, 2012): 48–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/historelo.v4n7.25148.
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El cuidado de los menores considerados en riesgo moral y material en la Argentina de principios del siglo XX queda muchas veces a cargo de instituciones de caridad en las cuales las benefactoras adquieren especial protagonismo. El objetivo del presente artículo es identificar las funciones asumidas por las mujeres en el periodo de surgimiento y afianzamiento del Patronato de la Infancia de Bahía Blanca, caracterizándolas en el marco de las relaciones que establecen con las personas que las rodean, así como de las representaciones de género emergentes de las mismas. Cabe preguntarse de qué manera se definen, a partir de las prácticas y los discursos vinculados con el caso analizado, los lugares ocupados por las benefactoras en relación a los hombres de su círculo social y a otras mujeres de distintos estratos y ocupaciones que se involucran con la institución, como las amas de leche y las religiosas. Se plantea que la actuación de las propulsoras de este emprendimiento representa en muchos sentidos una transgresión a los modelos imperantes de femineidad pero que, sin embargo, tanto los discursos de los hombres como los de las mujeres asocian sus actividades con esos presupuestos dominantes. Palabras clave: mujeres, beneficencia, Patronato de la Infancia, Bahía Blanca. Benefactor Women in Southwestern Buenos Aires: the Case of Child Board of Bahía Blanca, 1906-1931AbstractThe care of minors considered to be in moral and material hazard in Argentina in early XXth century is often left in charge of charity institutions, in which benefactor women obtain a special leading role. The aim of this paper is to identify the duties assumed by women in emergence and growth period of Bahia Blanca’s Child Board, portraying them in the framework of the relationships they establish with people close to them, and in the gender representation that emerge from those relationships. Based on experiences and speeches related to the mentioned case, it is worth considering how the places held by benefactor women are defined regarding men from their social circle, and other women from different occupations and social strata, who get involved with the institution such as wet nurses and nuns. In this paper, it is explained that the performance of promoters of these entrepreneurship represents -in many ways- a transgression of prevailing models of femininity. Nevertheless, this performance is associated by both women and men with their activities with those dominant assumptions. Keywords: women, charity, Child Board, Bahia Blanca.
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Olavegogeascoechea, Pablo A., Andres Gallardo Martinez, Jose L. Scapellato, and Andrea Federico. "Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of survivors of SARS-COV-2 infection: A descriptive study." Medwave 22, no. 09 (October 25, 2022): e2581-e2581. http://dx.doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2022.09.2581.
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Introduction In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic for coronavirus 19. Typical symptoms were fever, cough, asthenia, dyspnea, and muscle pain. Pulmonary and central nervous system compromise presented challenging characteristics for healthcare physicians. The objectives of this study were to identify epidemiological and clinical characteristics of SARS-COV-2 infection survivors in a region of Argentina and to determine differences between gender, age groups, year of infection, and evolution time since diagnosis. Methods A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional observational study was carried out. A self-administered questionnaire was applied, which was available between August and December 2021. Results Among 1868 individuals included, the mean age was 39.4 ± 13.9 years, and 72.8% were female. Arterial hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity (11.7%). The majority were outpatients (81.9%). The most frequent presentation symptoms at all ages were asthenia (83.7%), fever (54.9%), headache (60.8%), anosmia (64.8%), ageusia (53.2%), cough (54.4%) and myalgias (53.7%). For the 18 to 29 years old age group, the most prevalent presentation symptoms were: headache (69.4%), anosmia (69.1%), ageusia (60.2%), odynophagia (45%), and rhinitis/nasal congestion (46.9%). In the 30 to 64 years old age group, there was a higher prevalence of myalgias (55.8%), arthralgias (41%), and concentration/memory disorder (28.3%). Male showed higher prevalence of fever (64.9% versus 51.1%; p < 0.001) and pneumonia (23.5% versus 13.4%; p < 0.001). After 12 weeks from diagnosis, 38.1% of patients persisted with asthenia, 23.6% with anosmia/dysosmia, and 21.2% with concentration/memory disorders. Conclusions Systemic symptoms were common to all age groups with coronavirus 19 disease; however, younger, and intermediate age groups presented a higher prevalence of central nervous system symptoms such as anosmia and cognitive disorders, respectively. Symptoms beyond 12 weeks of diagnosis reached slightly more than 10% of the participants.
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Soler Hidalgo, Maria L., John M. Abbamonte, Laura Regalini, Mariana Schlesinger, Maria L. Alcaide, and Gordon M. Dickinson. "1650. Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Influenza Vaccination Among Hispanics: A Survey Conducted in Latin American Consulates in South Florida." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1514.
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Abstract Background Each year Influenza causes between 12,000 and 56,000 deaths, and over half a million of hospitalizations in the United States. Despite the widespread availability of vaccination, immunization coverage is low. Less than half of American adults receive the influenza vaccine, and there is a disparity between Hispanic and non-Hispanics, with only 35.9% of Hispanic compared with 45.9% of white non-Hispanics receiving the vaccine. In Miami, South Florida, over two-thirds of the population is Hispanic, and rates of influenza vaccination are low. This study aims to identify the knowledge and attitudes toward influenza vaccination among members of the adult Hispanic community in Miami, and to identify barriers to vaccination in this population. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted during the influenza season in 2017 and 2019 (October to December). A survey was administered in the waiting rooms of participating Latin American Consulates (Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay) in Miami. Participants included were older than 18 years, Hispanic, and with residence in the United States for more than 6 months. The participants accepted the inform consent orally. The survey was voluntary and anonymous. Results We enrolled 970 adults. The median age was 43 years, 50% were male, 60% had health insurance, and 67% had completed education of high school or higher. Knowledge regarding influenza and vaccination was low (78% believed asymptomatic individuals could transmit influenza, 14% knew that vaccination is recommended during the winter months, 50% felt not everyone should be vaccinated, 25% believed the vaccine causes influenza, and 7% autism). About one quarter (27%) received the influenza vaccine annually, 35% sometimes, and 38% never. Using multinomial logistic regression, we identified age χ2(2) = 19.38, P < 0.001, consulate χ2(6) = 160.21, P < 0.001, and insurance status χ2(2) = 23.04, P < 0.001 as predictors of receiving vaccination. Neither gender, nor education level found to be associated with vaccination behavior. Conclusion Immunization rates in the adult Hispanic population are low. Interventions to improve vaccination among Hispanics who are older and lack of health insurance are urgently needed in the diverse Hispanic community. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Radusky, Pablo D., Ines Aristegui, Lissa N. Mandell, Emanuel Dell’Isola, Virginia Zalazar, Nadir Cardozo, María L. Alcaide, Stephen M. Weiss, Deborah L. Jones, and Omar Sued. "Examining Factors Associated with Gender Identity Among Individuals Disengaged from HIV Care in Argentina." International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, May 6, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12529-021-09998-6.
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Radusky, Pablo D., Ines Aristegui, Lissa N. Mandell, Emanuel Dell’Isola, Virginia Zalazar, Nadir Cardozo, Claudia Frola, Deborah L. Jones, and Omar Sued. "The Impact of Gender Identity Stigma and Mental Health on HIV Treatment among Transgender Women in Argentina." Annals of LGBTQ Public and Population Health, June 20, 2022, LGBTQ—2020–0065.R2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/lgbtq-2020-0065.
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In Argentina, HIV prevalence in transgender women (TGW) is high while engagement in HIV treatment is low due to multiple factors: gender identity stigma (GIS), mental health problems (e.g., depressive symptoms) and substance use. This study examined the impact of these factors on HIV treatment uptake among TGW in Argentina. A sample of 79 TGW “on” and “off” treatment completed questionnaires to assess GIS, depressive symptoms (CES-D), alcohol (AUDIT) and drug use (DAST-10), suicidal ideation, HIV-related stigma (HIV Stigma Scale) and support from family. From them, 36.7% met criteria for “off” HIV treatment; 49.4%, for significant depressive symptoms; 53.2%, for hazardous alcohol use; and 29.7%, for problems related to drug use. GIS was positively associated with depressive symptoms and HIV-related stigma, both in TGW “on” and “off” treatment, and with alcohol and drug use, only in the last group. In the multivariable model, only experiences of GIS from the police were negatively associated with being “on” treatment, whereas GIS in workplaces (excluding sex work venues) were associated with increased odds of being “on” treatment. GIS, specifically from the police, has a far-reaching impact on the physical and emotional health of TGW living with HIV in Argentina, as it is associated with negative mental health indicators, substance use and suboptimal HIV care uptake.
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Díaz de Sabatés, Gabriela. "Gender, activism and social change: Reframing the contemporary heroine." Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación, no. 91 (August 31, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.18682/cdc.vi91.3840.
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Because society is shaped through the stories we tell, women’s testimonies are of foundational relevance when we reflect on social change, since their stories reinvent not only individual but also collective identity. As an examination from a life narrative perspective on how women view, enact, and reformulate their role in society, this paper centers on the testimony of Dr. Diana Maffía, whom –among other noteworthy womenwas instrumental in solidifying the work on gender and feminist perspective in Argentina since the early 1980s.
This paper is an approach to Maffía’s story, about her growing up during military dictatorship, her early years as a philosophy student at the University of Buenos Aires, her embrace of feminism, and the weaving of her two passions that resulted in the establishment of a permanent presence of the concept of gender within the very structure of Argentinean society. Maffía’s narrative brings to light the work that unsung heroines do throughout their lives, evidencing that women have always been at the forefront of generating and sustaining change.
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Péchin, Juan. "Entre lo queer y lo cuir: arte, política y críticas pedagógicas en Argentina." interalia: a journal of queer studies, 2017, 86–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.51897/interalia/lqwv6052.
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The Argentinian territorialization of the queer perspective articulated the academy with social, TLGB and human rights movements. Empowered by trans/transvestite policies against police and institutional repression, the queer critique made visible the hierarchy produced by the sex-generic differences through the social maps traced by the class, ethnic and age stratifications. The law that expanded marriage irrespective of the sex of its partners (2010) and the Gender Identity Law (2012), among others, challenge and impact the institutional implementation of Integral Sexual Education in the face of the tension between the identitarian normalization of differences and the systematic questioning and disassembly of (a)normalization dynamics. This work proposes a political genealogy of the first territorializations of the queer perspective in Argentina to reflect on the articulation of activism and social movements with the institutional mechanisms of production, legitimation and circulation of knowledge in a sex-generic key.
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Tosi, Carolina. "Linguistic Traces of Subjectivity and Dissent. A Discursive Analysis of Inclusive Language in Argentina." Frontiers in Sociology 6 (June 16, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2021.633330.
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In Argentina, the so-called “inclusive language” aims at avoiding the bias for a particular sex or gender and objects to a grammatical binary system (feminine – masculine). Although in most Spanish-speaking countries, inclusive language has been limited to the realms of activism, gender studies and a certain type of public administration, in Argentina, its use has been extended to different social spheres, mostly urban. Considering such context, this work aims to investigate the inclusive language in Spanish and characterize its most relevant resources in a series of public texts that circulated in Argentina between 2018 and 2020. On the one hand, its origin is explained, differentiating it from non-sexist language and the different theoretical positions around inclusive language are exposed. On the other hand, from the Dialogical Approach to Argumentation and Polyphony, this paper proposes to address inclusive language resources as subjectivity and polyphony marks which evidence certain aspects of the discourse of patriarchy, with respect to which there is dissent; therefore, inclusive language resources show viewpoints that were once silenced and rejected. For this, a corpus of various speeches is addressed, made up of outdoor urban inscriptions, flyers (advertisements), audiovisual informative speeches and digital press, written in inclusive language, between 2018 and 2020. Throughout the paper it is warns that the inclusive language marks, such as –e and x, are traces of the “heterogeneity shown marked” that object to grammatical binarism and convey comments by the subject about their own enunciation, alluding to the image of previous sexist and patriarchal discourses with whom they disagree. The analysis reveals that the words or expressions in which inclusive language resources are employed (-e and x) work as traces of harassed identities and manifest comments by the speaker on their own enunciation. This way, this research shows that gender inclusive language holds conflict linguistic marks which point to historically denied dissidence forms, linked to gender identity and the assertion of collective rights. Finally, this article aims at, on the one hand, contributing to the description of Argentinean Spanish, and on the other, promoting reflection in favor of linguistic education. Undoubtedly, opening instances of debate on the subject can have an impact on the deepening of linguistic reflection and the training of speakers who contribute to forging a more egalitarian society, one which is inclusive and respectful of differences.
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Moura, Maria Luiza. "A retificação do registro civil de pessoas transgênero na América do Sul em perspectiva comparada." Revista da Faculdade de Direito 1, no. 39 (December 31, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/0104-6594.73396.
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RESUMOEste artigo apresenta uma análise comparativa entre a legislação dos dez países da América do Sul integrantes do sistema interamericano de direitos humanos no que concerne à demanda de pessoas transgênero por retificação da menção de sexo no registro civil, a partir de uma perspectiva despatologizante. Após uma perspectiva geral da situação nos países mencionados, passa-se a uma análise crítica específica sobre o estado atual da questão no Brasil, tanto no que concerne às diretrizes legais no âmbito da saúde quanto no que se refere às normas de direito registral, apresentando, por fim, o projeto de lei brasileiro relativo à identidade de gênero, inspirado na legislação argentina sobre a matéria. PALAVRAS-CHAVETransexualidade. Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. Direito comparado.ABSTRACTThis paper sought to analyze comparatively the legislation of the ten south American countries that are part of the Inter-American Human Rights System, regarding the civil registry rectification of transsexuals from a non-pathologizing perspective. After a general overview of the situation in the mentioned countries, a specific critical analysis is carried out on the current state of the issue in Brazil, in terms of legal guidelines in health and civil registration, presenting, in the end, the Brazilian bill on gender identity, inspired by the Argentine legislation, is presented. KEYWORDSTranssexuality. International Human Rights. Comparative Law.