Dissertations / Theses: 'Gender free'

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Wood, Elizabeth Joyce. "The Family Politic: Free African American Gender and Belonging, 1793-1865." W&M ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550153878.

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Free people of color living in Petersburg, Virginia between the American Revolution and Civil War exercised more control over their lives than their enslaved counterparts but were also subject to restrictive laws and social customs meant to reinforce and propagate ideas of racial inferiority. as African Americans leveraged the rights they had and navigated through and around coercive measures, two important goals drove their actions: the desire for bodily autonomy and family integrity. to the extent possible, African Americans made choices that resisted white control and the hardening definitions of race that came to justify slavery, even as they claimed belonging in the southern social order. We cannot understand free black actions, use of the courts, participation in the economy, or methods of obtaining freedom without examining what was at stake, and the evidence shows that intimate and family relationships drove those decisions. Local government records, church minutes, and family papers reveal both shared and contested values among African Americans and between African Americans and whites. Some people of color conformed to prevailing gender and sexual ideals while others blatantly rejected them, and many recognized a range of gender behaviors and sexual relationships as legitimate. Occasionally, private conflicts became public concerns, and the resulting interactions revealed the fault lines of gender expectations. Protecting children, in contrast, was an almost universal value among African Americans. Children of color were not isolated from whites or the white-run world, but parents, extended kin, and the greater black community attempted to insulate them from the worst effects of racism and white control, prioritizing liberty for their children and protecting enduring family legacies of freedom. Not all households and families looked alike among Virginia's free people of color, but studying how free blacks built and protected them, including negotiating race, gender, and sexual identities, helps us understand why, even when it was imperfect or incomplete, freedom mattered.

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Holland, Brenna O'Rourke. "Free Market Family: Gender, Capitalism, & the Life of Stephen Girard." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/287455.

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History
Ph.D.
This dissertation is a cultural biography of merchant banker Stephen Girard that explores the origins of the mythology as well as the mechanics of capitalism as it functioned on the streets and in the homes of early national Philadelphia. By tracing changes in Stephen Girard's family, both traditional and improvisational, from the 1770s to his death in 1831 and beyond, this project examines how Girard repeatedly capitalized on his family to take commercial risks, reinventing what family meant in a transforming economy. Telling overlapping stories of Girard's family and businesses, including trade networks reaching from Europe, the Caribbean, and China to the United States, I argue that an Atlantic-American culture of capitalism developed at the intersection of the family and the market. Episodes that show the salience and limits of familial bonds in a turbulent economy include Girard's risky commercial strategies during the American Revolution that relied on his brother in Saint-Domingue, and tenuous rationalities of the market and marriage that collided when his wife supposedly went insane. After his public involvement in Philadelphia's yellow fever epidemics of the 1790s, Girard learned that institutions could do the work of families. Applying this lesson to the national political economy, Girard refashioned the Bank of the United States into the Bank of Stephen Girard and lent the U.S. Treasury over one million dollars to help fund the War of 1812. Well before his death in 1831, Girard was one of the wealthiest men in the nation. His will altered the shape and flow of Philadelphia, with repercussions for inheritance and corporate law through the twentieth century. By juxtaposing Girard's personal and public lives, this dissertation integrates scholarship on the market economy with that on gender and the family to better understand the expansion of a culture of capitalism in the early American Republic. Under capitalism, people and relationships were fungible in new and important ways. In telling the story of Stephen Girard, this dissertation follows a central, but overlooked, player in the early American and Atlantic economy in order to explain the paradoxical relationship between capitalism and liberty.
Temple University--Theses

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Schubert, Tinka Tabea. "Universities free of Gender Violence. Communicative acts among the university community that overcome gender violence in Spanish universities." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/319701.

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Violence against women at universities is a major problem that is widely analyzed and recognized in most countries, especially in the United States. Data evidences high incidence rates such as 19% of college students have experienced attempted or completed sexual assault since starting their higher education (Krebs et al., 2007). Pioneer research focused on evidencing the existence of gender violence, developing tools to measure the scope of the problem and analyzed the influence of power structures in higher education. Consequences have been found devastating and refer to the victims’ health as well as to academic consequences for the victim and the institution (Cortina et al., 1998; Fitzgerald et al., 1988; Kirkpatrick & Kanin, 1957). Recently, literature mainly focuses on gender violence prevention due to the persistence of the problem highlighting the role of the community for more effective prevention strategies (Banyard et al., 2005). In Spain, pioneer research is very recent and evidences the existence of gender violence as well as the silence that reigns in Spanish universities representing a major force of resistance. However, progress has been made and research results have led to changes in the legislation mandating the institution of specific mechanisms. Yet, prevention of VAW at Spanish universities is crucial to turn them into spaces free of violence. The present research departs from the analysis of communicative acts that are present among the Spanish university community analyzing and that promote violence against women in Spanish universities and those that help to overcome it. Research on the prevention of VAW has demonstrated that the analysis of communicative acts provides elements to effectively contribute to overcoming these situations. The Communicative Methodology is used which has been recommended by the European Commission for research with vulnerable groups. It aims at social transformation by focusing on both, the barriers to overcoming VAW at universities as well as the possibilities to overcoming it. Departing from an extensive review of the existing scientific literature and documentary on the prevention of VAW at universities and communicative acts, diverse data collection techniques are employed: communicative daily life stories with victims of VAW at universities; in-depth interviews with institutional representatives mainly related to gender issues, and with faculty who have supported victims of gender violence and are fighting for eradicating VAW at universities. Results evidence the existence of violence in the communicative acts among the Spanish university community as well as communicative acts that promote violence and those that change the interactions among the university community contributing to preventing gender violence in Spanish higher education. The existing mechanisms to tackle gender violence are subordinate to the prevailing power structures which are maintained in communicative acts. Still, there are increasing initiatives that evidence changes in Spanish universities. The emergence of the first peer-to-peer network, the Solidarity network of victims of gender violence in universities, evidences these changes and contribute to increasing communicative acts that effectively tackle gender violence. The present research evidences the possibilities of contributing to gender violence prevention when communicative acts that are free of gender violence and that challenge the power structures are promoted.

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Sweeting, Jane Elizabeth. "The gender implications of the European Community Free Movement of Persons provisions." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/703.

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This thesis was carried out as part of a wider comparative study that was funded by the University of Plymouth and the Equal Opportunities Unit of the European Commission. Researchers from Great Britain, Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Sweden participated in this study. This thesis is based on the research that was carried out in London for which the author was solely responsible. The impetus for this research was to explore the implications for women of a largely unexplored aspect of European Community (EC) legislation. A lot of attention has focused on EC equal opportunities legislation but very little has been written about the impact of other more fundamental aspects of European Community legislation on women. This thesis therefore makes an important contribution to the EC gender equality debate by providing an understanding of the Free Movement of Persons Provisions - which serve as the basis for European citizenship - from a gender perspective. This research is based on three components; secondary data analysis, in particular the Labour Force Survey and a literature review of migration studies and issues concerning women and citizenship. The investigation also involves an analysis of primary, secondary and case law relating to the Free Movement of Persons provisions. The main empirical element of this research is an analysis of fifty in-depth life history interviews with European Union national women who had migrated to Great Britain and who were living in London in 1995. This thesis exposes the limitations of existing data sources and migration literature concerning the nature and process of migration for this group of women. It is argued that migration has been reported as a male phenomenon, which has perpetuated a myth, that migration is a male rather than female affair. A discussion of citizenship issues at a national level reveals the secondary citizenship status of women. These gendered assumptions about migration and the operation of citizenship rights are echoed in the way in which the Free Movement of Persons provisions have been developing and are at odds with the European Union's commitment to gender equality

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McDougal, Mary Kathryn. "Unequal and Unfair: Free Riding in One-Shot Interactions." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2173.

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According to social psychologists, we as a species are inequity averse. We prefer conditions that foster fairness and reject injustice against common good. At the same time, however, unequal power and status hierarchies color almost every aspect of our lives. Advantages are distributed asymmetrically based on hierarchical status processes. Life, in other words, is systematically unfair in addition to being populated by free riders. Are the outcomes of potential free riders correlated with status as well? Does status affect the individual’s ability to successfully free ride? Are higher status actors typically granted a greater degree of social leniency than lower status actors? Are they less likely to be marked as free riders? I conducted a simple vignette study to in which participants were presented with a hypothetical, one-shot interaction, involving a collectively oriented, task in order to investigate the relationship between status and free riding.

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Steiner, Elise. "European Union’s Gender-explicit PROVISIONS IN free-trade agreements and gender equality : An intersectional feminist approach to international law." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Genus, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177319.

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The European Commission unveiled in February 2021 its updated policy regarding international trade. One of the key pillars of this strategy is the inclusion of gender equality within the EU trade policies. This inclusion is in line with the Gender Equality Strategy for 2020-2025. The latter sets that the Union must promote gender equality and women’s empowerment within its external relationship, notably in its free-trade agreements, which are international agreements aiming at reducing trade barriers and facilitating exchanges. This thesis provides an insight into the gender-explicit provisions that exist within European Union’s free trade agreements since 1958. It uses computational science coupled with text analysis to explore the general context in which they were concluded, but as well explores their wordings and their content. It provides then an analysis of the gender responsiveness of these gender-explicit provisions. Finally, this thesis provides recommendations on how to improve EU free trade agreements’ gender responsiveness.

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Brown, Cory Terrell. "Free to Be... You and Me: Gender, Identity, and Education in Urban Schools." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1339770883.

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Drouin, Jennifer. ""To be or not to be free" : nation and gender in Québécois adaptations of Shakespeare." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85904.

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At first glance, the long tradition of Quebecois adaptations of Shakespeare might seem paradoxical, since Quebec is a francophone nation seeking political independence and has little direct connection to the British literary canon. However, it is precisely this cultural distance that allows Quebecois playwrights to play irreverently with Shakespeare and use his texts to explore issues of nation and gender which are closely connected to each other. Soon after the Quiet Revolution, adaptations such as Robert Gurik's Hamlet, prince du Quebec and Jean-Claude Germain's Rodeo et Juliette raised the question "To be or not to be free" in order to interrogate how Quebec could take action to achieve independence. In Macbeth and La tempete, Michel Garneau "tradapts" Shakespeare and situates his texts in the context of the Conquest. Jean-Pierre Ronfard's Lear and Vie et mort du Roi Boiteux carnivalize the nation and permit women to rise to power. Adaptations since 1990 reveal awareness of the need for cultural and gender diversity so that women, queers, and immigrants may contribute more to the nation's development. Since Quebec is simultaneously colonial, neo-colonial, and postcolonial, Quebecois playwrights negotiate differently than English Canadians the fine line between the enrichment of their local culture and its possible contamination, assimilation, or effacement by Shakespeare's overwhelming influence, which thus allows them to appropriate his texts in service of gender issues and the decolonization of the Quebec nation.

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Kautto, Ethel. "Is it the gluten-free diet that matters the most? : Food, gender and celiac disease." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kostvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-85866.

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Background: The only treatment for celiac disease consists of excluding gluten. Gluten is a protein complex found in wheat, rye, and barley, which are cereals commonly used in bread, pasta, pizza, etc. The overall aims of this thesis were to study; what happens with food choices and nutrient intakes when individuals are prescribed a gluten-free diet and what consequences this has on the everyday lives of young women and young men dealing with this disease. Methods: A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to study nutrient intake and how food choices were affected after a change to a gluten-free diet. The FFQ was sent to 12-13 years-old adolescents who took part in a large Swedish celiac screening study. The following three groups were studied: previously diagnosed with celiac disease, screening-diagnosed and non-celiac controls. The first FFQ was sent out before the screening-diagnosed adolescents had been told they had celiac disease, and the second was sent 12-18 months after they had been prescribed the gluten-free treatment. Semi-structured interviews were performed five years later in order to study how everyday life was affected by celiac disease in seven young women and seven young men. The interviews were analyzed by content analysis. Results: The previously diagnosed celiac disease group reported a nutrient intake in line with the non-celiac control group. Most of the participants reported nutrient intakes above the estimated average requirements. A diagnosis of celiac disease altered the intake of some foods, and this was shown by comparing the results from the baseline FFQ before the diagnosis and the follow-up FFQ after. The young women and young men reported similar experiences of the gluten-free food, but the perceived consequences of living with celiac disease differed between genders. Conclusion: This thesis shows that after a diagnosis of celiac disease food changes are necessary in order to be compliant with the gluten-free diet. One common effect is that food options will be reduced. However, as long the food intake is gluten-free, varied, and in sufficient quantity there is no reason to worry more about the nutritional intake of adolescents diagnosed with celiac disease than there is for their non-celiac peers. The findings in this thesis also show that society’s gender order has a great impact on how young women and young men experience their everyday lives, with celiac disease, and with the gluten-free diet.

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Schmidt, Vita. "Genusskapande under fri lek i grundskolan." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-363116.

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The study seeks an in-depth understanding of how gender is being constructed in elementary school. More specifically, the essay aims at investigating the creation of gender during free play at the breaks in primary school. On the basis of this purpose, the essay sets the following questions: How is gender created during free play? How are boundaries between male and female / boy and girl established? What scopes are there for violations and breach of the gender contract? The questions are answered based on socio-cultural perspectives and gender theory. A central aspect emphasized by Hirdman is the gender contract. This theory assumes that social contexts are gender coded and governed by invisible “gender contracts” that govern how men and women should think and behave. The study is based on observations throughout the schoolyard made for a total of five days. The focus is on children in one class, from grade 1 to 3. The results confirm that children's play is gender coded and governed by norms for how men and women should behave. Boundaries between male and female / boy and girl are established both through the choice of games, and through how the children act in the different games. An interesting detail here is the way in which teachers at school changed the conditions for children's play by scheduling football games so girls and boys can play separately on certain days of the week. As regards the issue of infringements, the survey has shown that there is both an overrun of the gender contract through "interspersed gender interactions" and an enhancement of the gender contract by children themselves marking when others exceed limits and norms.

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Ahlinder, Marlene, and Sara Nordqvist. "Den fria leken i förskolan ur ett genusperspektiv." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för kultur-, religions- och utbildningsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-13237.

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Det här examensarbetets syfte var att fördjupa förståelsen kring åtta förskollärares synsätt om flickors och pojkars fria lek ur ett genusperspektiv. Därutöver är avsikten att bidra till ökad insikt om förskollärares arbete för att främja jämställdhet mellan flickor och pojkar. Teoriavsnittet behandlar fri lek i den vardagliga verksamheten i förskolan. Därefter fördjupas barnens villkor i den fria leken. Intervjuer där åtta utbildade förskollärare i två olika verksamheter deltog, användes som metod. Båda verksamheterna är kommunalt drivna utan specifika inriktningar. I studiens resultat framgår olika faktorer som visar att de åtta intervjuade förskollärarna ibland var av olika uppfattningar och åsikter även då de arbetar på samma förskola eller förskoleklass. Det kunde likväl vara två förskollärare på de två olika verksamheterna som hade samma synsätt. Endast hälften av förskollärarna framhåller vikten av att den fria leken bidrar till utveckling och lärande. Det förefaller också finnas en omedvetenhet kring skillnader i hur flickor och pojkar leker då endast en av förskollärarna påtalar detta. Den dominerande tendensen visar på att förskollärarna är samstämmiga kring sitt synsätt om att alla barn ska ha samma möjligheter och villkor i den fria leken.

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Fernando, Nihari. "Hur görs kön av elever på fritidshemmet : En kvalitativ studie om pojkars och flickors görande av kön i sin fria lek på fritidshemmet." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-38154.

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This study examines how girls and boys in grade three perform gender in their free play in a leisure center. The result of the study shows that both girls and boys choose to relate to gendernorms in their free play in various ways. While some students chose to adopt to gendernorms in thier free play some others chose to take part in the free play by braking the norms. This gender doing was done by students with the help of the sex-encoded toys offered by the recreation center, the social interaktion, peer relations, language used by students were possible reasons för students gender doing. Thus, the gender and the language as two diffrent sociaal power axes contributed in some case to excluding certain pupils and including others, ehich means the power dominans of gender prevented some students to participate in the free play. Thus, I came to the conclusion that the power dominance of gender is not only an obstacle for students participation in play, but also limits thier possibilitis för action.

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Sjölander, Anna. ""With this past, you'll never become free": A qualitative interview study of female ex-combatants in Colombia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Centrum för genusvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296611.

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This thesis explores women's experiences from participation in armed groups, and their subsequent reintegration into civil society within the Colombian context. The study is based on two months of fieldwork, and nine interviews with female ex-combatants from the FARC, the ELN and the AUC currently enrolled in the reintegration process. Most research focus on women in specific armed groups, and tend to portray women in terms of either empowerment or oppression. This thesis criticizes such tendencies, through the exploration of the complex and gendered processes of de/militarization. The study shows that the women's lives have always - before, during and after their participation in armed groups - been marked by insecurity and exposure to violence. Sporadic incidents of direct physical violence were not always found as most distressing, rather daily stressors including factors like poverty and psychological stress, had larger impact on the women. Further, the women experienced liminality, both as members of an armed group and as participants in the reintegration program, which offered both possibilities and hindrances. In the armed groups established power hierarchies were altered and gendered norms were transgressed, at the same time as the women's reproductive rights were severely constrained. In their quest to become a part of civil society, conforming to conventional femininity became a central strategy for hiding their past. However, the burden of being the primary parent posed challenges for the process of reintegrating.

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Oh, Yeon Ju. "The Making of Laborer Subjectivity and Knowledge in the Information Industry:Gender Dimensions of Free and Open Source Development." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1372091926.

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Karlsson, Christina. "KÖNSÖVERSKRIDANDE ELLER ENLIGT NORMEN? : Hur könsroller kommer till uttryck i barns fria lek i förskolan." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsa och lärande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-11875.

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Denna studie undersöker om, och i sådana fall på vilket sätt, traditionella könsroller kommer till uttryck i den fria leken i förskolan. Detta syfte analyseras utifrån två frågeställningar vilka är: * Vilka skillnader i val av aktiviteter finns mellan pojkar och flickor? * På vilket sätt ger barnen uttryck för de traditionella könsrollerna i leken? Studien genomfördes i förskolans fria lek. Barnens val av rum skedde genom turordning och det barn som fick välja rum först hade fler valmöjligheter jämfört med det barn som fick välja sist. Som metod för datainsamling användes videoobservationer vid en förskola där etablerad kontakt mellan barn och observatör redan fanns. Totalt deltog 11 barn i åldrarna fyra till fem i studien. Resultatet av studien visar på att barnen agerade ungefär lika ofta enligt normer för traditionella könsroller, som de agerade könsöverskridande. Detta genom både val av lek och hur de agerade i leken. Uppsatsen skrevs som en del under lärarutbildningen och kan bistå med att väcka lärares funderingar kring barns olika könsroller. Detta genom att diskutera könsroller och hur dessa skildras i barnens fria lek.
This study is based on social learning theory and intends to examine whether, and if so how, the traditional gender roles are expressed in the free play in preschool. This purpose is analyzed based on two issues which are: * How does boys and girls play during the free play in preschool? Are there any differences between the type of games they have chosen? * Will the traditional gender roles be expressed in boys’ and girls’ free play? How? The study was conducted in the preschool free play. Children’s choice of room was done by an activity board where the children who got to choose the room first had more choices as compared to the children who may choose last. Video observations were used as the method of data collection in the study. The observations were made at a preschool where established contact between the children and the observer already existed. The result of the study show that the children acted about as often under the standards of traditional gender roles, they acted as transgender. This, by both choice of play and the way they acted in the play. The essay was written as a part in my teacher education and it can contribute to arouse teachers to reflect about different gender roles in preschool. This by discussing gender roles and how they are portrayed in children’s’ free play.

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Vahlroos, Riikka. "I began to be free : A study on two trans-active Finnish men." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Culture and Communication, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-16686.

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This study focuses on Finnish transmen and their life stories. It goes through the practical reality of the gender re-assignment process, but focuses on the personal experiences of two individual men. The study is based on in-depth interviews with informants, material which has been analyzed with the help of Judith Butler’s theory on gender.

Den här uppsatsen handlar om två finska transmän och deras livshistorier. Studien går igenom den praktiska realiteten av könskorrigeringsprocessen, men fokuserar på de personliga erfarenheterna av dessa två individuella män. Den är baserad på djupintervjuer med informanter, material som har analyserats med hjälp av Judith Butlers teori om genus.

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Del, Romano Cecilia. "“Apri la testa e lancia i ruoli di genere dalla finestra”: Proposta di sottotitolaggio del documentario No More Boys And Girls: Can Our Kids Go Gender Free." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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Quest’elaborato si propone come scopo quello di analizzare la seconda parte del documentario “No More Boys And Girls: Can Our Kids Go Gender Free”, prodotto da Outline Productions e mandato in onda dal canale inglese BBC Two ad Agosto del 2017, e proporne una traduzione sotto forma di sottotitolaggio (la tabella dei sottotitoli è allegata all’elaborato in appendice). Il video documenta l’esperimento del Dott. Javid Abdelmoneim in una classe di seconda elementare della scuola “Lanesend Primary School” presso l’Isola di Wight. L’obiettivo dell’esperimento è scoprire se eliminare le differenze di genere nell’ambiente in cui vivono i bambini e le bambine aiuti a migliorare le loro abilità e ad aumentare la loro fiducia in sé stessi. Poiché la disparità di genere in età adulta è il risultato di un’educazione differenziata tra i due sessi, il Dott. Abdelmoneim ricorre a delle strategie per eliminare queste differenze e far capire ai bambini e alle bambine che i giochi, i colori, gli sport e i mestieri non hanno niente a che vedere con il sesso biologico di una persona. In questo elaborato esploreremo in un primo capitolo cos’è la traduzione audiovisiva, in particolare il sottotitolaggio ed i suoi aspetti tecnici. In seguito, il secondo capitolo tratterà l’applicazione degli studi di genere al campo dell’istruzione con una breve parentesi sulla situazione in Italia e un approfondimento sull’esperimento effettuato nel documentario. Infine, il terzo capitolo analizzerà il lavoro di sottotitolaggio, illustrando le difficoltà incontrate e motivando la scelta delle soluzioni traduttive prese.

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Hafvström, Casper, and Gonzales Rosa Acevedo. "Könsstereotyp och könsöverskridande lek : En studie över barns fria lek, ur ett genusperspektiv." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30339.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate how children play in free play from a gender perspective. We will examine how children do gender in the free play. Our questions in the study are: How is gender constituted in the selection of free play? How do children constitute gender identities in the free play? The study was conducted with a qualitative study where we used the observation collection method. We have analyzed the empirical material on the basis of gender theory, according Ingegerd Tallberg Broman. Based on our observations, we have seen that there are gender-stereotyped activities. In most games occur traditional male / female behavior. Boys were active and girls were more sedentary. We saw a few times how children negotiated traditional gender norms
Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur barn leker i fri lek ur ett genusperspektiv. Vi kommer att undersöka hur barn gör kön i den fria leken. Våra frågeställningar i studien är: Hur skapas genus i val av fri lek? Hur iscensätter barn genusidentiteter i den fria leken?Studien är genomförd med en kvalitativ undersökning där vi använt observationer som insamlingsmetod. Vi har analyserat det empiriska materialet utifrån genusteori, enligt Ingegerd Tallberg Broman. Utifrån våra observationer har vi sett att det förekommer könsstereotypa aktiviteter.I de flesta lekar uppstår traditionella manligt/kvinnligt beteenden. Pojkar var aktiva och flickor var mer stillasittande. Vi såg vid några tillfällen hur barn förhandlade om de traditionella könsnormerna.

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David, Mirela Violeta. "Free Love, Marriage, and Eugenics| Global and Local Debates on Sex, Birth Control, Venereal Disease and Population in 1920s-1930s China." Thesis, New York University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3635118.

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This dissertation traces how eugenics came to underpin discourses pertaining to free love, sex and reproduction in 1920s-1930s China. It shows the eugenic and evolutionist limits to radical or liberal intellectuals' understanding of the role of the individual in the pursuit of sex, free love and birth control. The study examines the scientific view of modernity embodied in eugenics, as well as the challenges to this vision based on humanism and sex aestheticism. Bertrand Russell's visit to China in 1920 with his lover Dora Black led to heated discussions surrounding free love and free divorce, where privacy, the eugenic idea of a "robust individual" and science were key. Meanwhile, translations and the reception of Ellen Key and Havelock Ellis's works on eugenics and love underpinned the reconciliation in Chinese liberal intellectuals' thought between individualism/evolutionary humanism and eugenics, particularly in their debates on sexual and emotional ethics in the 1920s. Margaret Sanger's visit to China in 1922 opened up a debate on the suitability of eugenic birth control to solve China's problems, such as overpopulation and venereal disease. By probing into her interactions with Chinese intellectuals in 1922, this study reveals how her eugenic ideas were received, as well as the political tensions regarding her birth control advocacy. The dissertation demonstrates that the sexual reproductive considerations that had been viewed in the 1920s as a problem of the relationship between the individual and nation/race/society, by the 1930s came to completely subordinate the role of the individual to national and racial regeneration concerns. Sanger's continued correspondence with Chinese medical professionals came to shape the birth control movement in the 1930s in more strictly eugenic terms. This research contends that eugenics was not only influential in discourse, but came to be implemented in practice in the fields of sex hygiene, birth control and VD regulation. The agency of pioneer female gynecologists in the 1930s is emphasized by examining how they brought eugenics in practice in their birth control clinics, how they localized global female experience and theories on birth control and hygiene, either through translation or through their attempts to reach working class women with contraceptive sex education. Lastly I argue that eugenics and social hygiene also functioned as a male oriented ideology in VD policies of various colonial powers: British, American, Japanese, and French as part of an economy of empire. By contrast Chinese Nationalist Hygiene Campaigns and female gynecologists' internalizing of eugenics focused on female health.

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Alfredsson, Marina, Emma Eklöf, and Nielsen Emma Andersson. "Flickor leker med dockor och pojkar leker med bilar, eller?" Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsa och lärande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-8936.

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I studien har vi undersökt flickor och pojkars val av lekar och val av material samt olika kommunikationsmönster mellan könen. Vi har observerat barnens val av lekmaterial och lekar i förskolan. Flickornas och pojkarnas kommunikation mellan varandra observerades i tre utvalda miljöer. Dessa tre miljöer innefattade ett typiskt flickrum (dockvrå), ett typiskt pojkrum (byggrum) och ett neutralt rum. Utifrån egna erfarenheter väljer flickor ofta att leka i dockvrån medan pojkar ofta väljer att leka i byggrummet. Genom att observera i olika miljöer kunde vi undersöka miljöns betydelse för flickor och pojkars kommunikation mellan varandra. Studien utgår från den sociala inlärningsteorin som menar att barn gör som vi gör. Det vill säga att barn har förebilder och genom dem lär dem sig snabbt innebörden av vad som anses vara flicka eller pojke. I resultatet visar det sig att det förkommer olika könskoder i barnens val av lekar och material samt i kommunikationen. I observationerna visade det sig att flickorna och pojkarna ofta valde att leka samma sorts lekar samt leka med samma material. Pojkarna lekte dock mer våldsamt och lekte mycket tävlings och krigslekar. Flickorna lekte mer försiktigt och stillsamt samt lekte mycket omvårdnad och skönhetslekar. Trots att de båda könen använde sig av samma material kunde man se tydliga könsmönster i deras beteenden. Ett exempel på detta kan vara att flickorna ofta formade leran som bakverk och mat medan pojkarna ofta formade denna som bollar och gubbar. Flickorna använde även mycket rosa, gula, vita och lila färger i sitt skapande medan pojkarnas val av färger dominerades av blåa, gröna, bruna och röda färger. Vi kunde även se tydliga kommunikationsmönster mellan flickor och pojkar. Detta då barnen vid några tillfällen diskuterade manliga och kvinnliga egenskaper och beteenden med varandra. Vi har diskuterat miljöns betydelse i barns skapande av genus i förskolan. Barn samtalar om det som finns omkring dem vilket betyder att det är viktigt att pedagoger skapar en miljö där barnen kan få en bredare syn på manligt och kvinnligt.
In this study we investigated girls and boys choices of games and choice of materials as well as different patterns of communication between the sexes. We have observed the children’s choice of play materials and games in preschool. Girls ' and boys' communication between each other were observed in three environments. These three environments comprised a typical girl playroom which included kitchen supplies, dolls and dress up clothes, a typical boy playroom which included building supplies, cars, and toy tools and a neutral room. Based on personal experience, girls often play in the girls’ playroom while boys often choose to play in the construction area. By observing in different environments, we could examine the importance of the environment for girls and boys of communication between each other. The study is based on the social learning theory which argues that children do as we do. That is children have role models and through them learn quickly the meaning of what is considered to be a girl or boy. This result shows that the pre various gender codes of the children's choice of games and materials, and in communication. I could see that the girls and boys often chose to play the same kind of games and play with the same material at the preschool. The boys were playing, however, more violent and played many racing and war games. The girls played more gently and quietly and played more care and beauty games. Despite the fact that both sexes used the same materials you could see clear gender patterns in their behavior. An example of this would be that the girls often shaped clay as pastries and food while the boys often shaped this as balls and old men. The girls also used the very pink, yellow, white and purple colors in their creations while the boys' choice of colors dominated by blue, green, brown and red. One could also see clear patterns of communication between girlsand boys. This is when the children on some occasions discussed the male and female characteristics and behaviors with each other. We have discussed the importance of the environment in children's creation of gender in preschool. Children talk about what's around them and it is important to create an environment where children can get a broader view of masculinity and femininity.

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Persson, Stina. "Att motverka tradionella könsroller i den fria leken : - Fyra förskollärares resonemang , erfarenheter och känslor om att motverka traditionella könsroller i den fria leken i förskolan." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-66271.

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Syftet med studien var att öka kunskapen om förskollärares erfarenheter, känslor och resonemang om arbetet med att motverka traditionella könsroller i den fria leken i förskolan. Metoden som valdes var kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra förskollärare. Resultatet visar att förskollärarna såg på den fria leken som att den skall ske på barnens initiativ men att det är av stor vikt att pedagogerna är närvarande. De betonade vikten av att vara nära dels för att stötta vid konflikter men även för att utmana och stötta barnen i den fria leken, utan att för den delen styra leken. Förskollärarna lyfte även att det är av vikt att ha ett förhållningsätt som inte bidrar till att skapa traditionella könsroller och att det är viktigt att bli medveten och reflektera över sitt förhållningsätt. De betonade vikten av att reflektera över den fysiska miljön och vilket material som finns i förskolan och hur de kan motverka att traditionella könsroller skapas. Förskollärarna är alla överens om att de inte vill kategorisera barnen utefter deras kön utan istället se varje barn som en enskild individ och att barnets livsvärld påverkar hur de uppfattar sina könsroller
The aim of this study is to increase the knowledge on how preschool teachers experience, feels and reasons of how traditional gender roles in the free play in preschool is counteracted. The chosen method was qualitative semi-structured interviews with four preschool teachers. The results showed that the preschool teachers felt that the children's play should be controlled mostly by the children but the preschool teachers should be close to the children to help children solve conflicts and support and challenge their knowledge. The preschool teachers also talk about the way they approach the children can contribute to create traditional gender roles and that it is important to be aware of how they approach boys and girls. They underlined that it is useful to think about how the physical environment and the material can contribute to contract or encourage traditional gender roles and they all agree that they don't want to categorize children if they are a girl or a boy and that they prefer to see the children as personalities. The preschool teachers also talked about that the world around the children contributed their perception of gender roles.

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Bergdahl, Becky. "Yo ban? Rape rap and limits of free speech in India : An argument analysis of the debate about banning the artist Honey Singh." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-200874.

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This thesis consists of an argument analysis of three columns published in the Indian newspaper The Indian Express in the aftermath of the gangrape and murder of a young woman in Delhi in December 2012, and the following debate about glorification of rape in Indian popular culture. One of the columnists is arguing in favour of including gender as a category in the Indian law on hate speech, thereby banning an artist called Honey Singh and his lyrics about rape. The two other columnists are arguing against new restrictions on free speech in India. The analysis of the columns shows that there are several relevant arguments for and against including gender in the Indian hate speech legislation. The argumentation against a new law is similar to argumentation found in Western liberal theory, and the argumentation in favour of a new law is similar to argumentation found in Western radical feminist and critical race theory. However, both strands of philosophy are contested by postcolonial theorists, arguing that no Western theory is applicable in a non-Western context, such as India. Indian postcolonial feminists argue in favour of a third approach to sexist speech in India; a counter-speech approach. Counter-speech theorists agree with liberals about the importance of freedom of speech, and with feminists about the harm in hate speech. According to counter-speech theory, hate speech shall thus not be outlawed, but the state shall try to counter the harmful effects of hate speech, for example by strengthening groups targeted by hate speech so that they can speak back to hatemongers. The conclusion of this thesis is that a counter-speech approach is the most sustainable regarding freedom of speech and gender in India. Such an approach does not only appeal to Indian postcolonial theorists, it is also a middle way in-between a liberal and a radical feminist approach. In the conclusion, the relevance of hate speech legislation as a whole is also questioned. Laws such as in India, that protect only racial and religious groups from being targeted by hate speech while categories such as gender, sexual orientation and disability are not included, can be deemed discriminatory. An abolishment of hate speech prohibitions and an adoption of a counter-speech approach to all forms of hate speech is discussed.

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Mbesherubusa, Mittag Danielle. "Persistent, ‘Me Too’? Voices from the Past : An Analysis of Testimonials on Sexual and Gender-Based Violence in the Congo Free State (1885-1908)." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45698.

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This paper analyses (female) voices that reported sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) to the Commission of Inquiry of the Congo Free State between October 1904 and February 1905. Couldry's (2010) notion of "voice as value" is used to assess the possible contribution of these voices to the decade-long international humanitarian campaign that outsted King Leopold II from his personal colony. Document Analysis was performed on 21 witness accounts, including five female survivors and 16 African and European men who either corroborated or ruled out these women's statements. The analysis reveals one of the two main sites of violence to have been the home of the victim, a peculiar site of conflict-related SGBV even in the DRC today. Additionally, the study suggests a correlation between the geographical region of rubber exploitation and the area of concentration of SGBV - a finding which could signify germination of the 'world's capital of rape' to have started during the Leopoldian era and necessitates further examination. In answer to the inquiry's main question, results show that although voices denouncing SGBV remained unheard during the campaign, they did echo the main message carried by most if not all 300 or so Congolese men and women whose stories bear witness to brutalities that took place 120 years ago. The message they would have wanted reverberated worldwide is that ending the rubber regime was the only way out of their ordeal.

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Kamler, Barbara, and edu au jillj@deakin edu au mikewood@deakin edu au wildol@deakin edu au kimg@deakin. "Gender and Genre: A Case Study of a Girl and a Boy Learning to Write." Deakin University. School of Education, 1990. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20041214.164647.

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This study addresses questions of gender and genre in early writing by drawing on systemic linguistic theory, It is a longitudinal case study that compares the writing development of two children, a boy and a girl/ who learned to write in classrooms that adopted an approach to writing known in Australia as 'process writing1, The children's written texts were analysed using the systemic functional grammar as developed by MAK, Hallidey and the models of genre and register as proposed by J,R, Martin. The children were followed for the first two and a half years of their schooling, from the first day of kindergarten to the middle of grade two. They were observed weekly during the daily writing time and all texts were collected. Although the children were ostensibly 'free to determine both the writing topics and text types they produced, systemic analysis revealed that: 1) the majority of texts written were of one genre, the Observation genre, in which the children reconstructed their personal experience with family and friends and offered an evaluation of it. 2) a significant pattern of gender differences occurred within this genre, such that the boy reconstructed experience in terms of the male cultural stereotype of being an active participant in the world, while the girl reconstructed experience in terms of the female stereotype of being a more passive observer of experience. It is the strength of systemic linguistic analysis that it revealed how the choices the children made in language were constrained by a number of social and cultural contexts, including: a) the teacher's theoretical orientation to literacy; b) the models of spoken and written language available to the children; and c) the ideology of gender in the culture. In particular, the analysis made visible how children appropriate the meanings of their culture and socialise themselves into gender roles by constructing the ideology of gender in their writing. The study contributes to an understanding of genres by offering a revised description of the Observation genre, which derives from the Observation Comment genre originally identified by Martin and Rothery (1981). It also raises a number of implications for teacher training and classroom practice, including the need for: 1) increased teacher consciousness about gender and genre, especially an understanding that choices in language are socially constructed 2) a critical reassessment of the notion of 'free topic choice promoted by 'process writing' pedagogy, a practice which may limit choice and tacitly support the gender status quo.

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Mládková, Alžběta. "Harmonizace pracovního a rodinného života v představách studentů VŠE." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-198397.

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The objective of this thesis is focused on the students illustrate the variety of perspectives on future work and family life. Mapping the different attitudes of students on how they feel able and ready to lead a harmonious family and working life .An important part of this thesis is to the author's views on the possible impact of different activities, which students take during their studies and finding connections between them. Based on the findings from the literature collected in the theoretical part and preparation of secondary research on the issue was worded few expectations, among which the author tries to find a connection and possible links. The sample was determined to be men and women in their last year of studies. In the selection of respondents was focus on diversity, especially in terms of family background, free time activities, access to education, or different values.

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Cotter, Anne-Marie. "Gender justice : equality in employment with regards to laws and the courts including the North American Free Trade Agreement and the European Economic Community Treaty." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0007/NQ39034.pdf.

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Banasaz, Mahnaz. "Intestinal cell kinetics : modulation caused by age, gender and microbial status in rats and mice : an experimental study in germfree, conventional and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG or Clostridium difficile, mono-associated animals /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-241-8.

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Govender, Yolin. "Is conventional sugar-free chewing gum effective in the management of orthodontic pain associated with fixed appliances? A randomised clinical trial comparing the pain-reducing effects of sugar-free chewing gum versus a placebo medicament." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7536.

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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)
Background and aim: Managing orthodontic pain traditionally involves the prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs combined with other analgesic medication. Sugar-free chewing gum has been advocated in the control of orthodontic pain due to its mechanical and physiological effects on periodontal tissue; however, the literature is scant. The ‘placebo effect’ that conventional sugar-free chewing gum may have in the relief of orthodontic pain has not been documented. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of conventional sugar-free chewing gum in reducing orthodontic pain associated with fixed appliances with a placebo (sugar-free sweets) medicament. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine if there were differences in pain reporting between the sugar-free chewing gum and the placebo, to ascertain whether gender influenced pain scores and to observe any differences in pain reporting between different orthodontic techniques.

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Silva, Grasiela Oliveira Santana da. "A construção social da identidade de jovens na feira livre do município de Simão Dias/SE." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2010. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6335.

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Adopting a gender perspective in this study aimed to examine the identity construction of young people entered in the informal sector in the free city of the Days of Simon in Sergipe. The methodological choice fell on the qualitative research based on oral history, to understand how to build the subjectivity of young people entered into informal work, its universe of meanings, aspirations, beliefs, values and attitudes. We consulted several sources: bibliographic, documentary, focusing on free observation and interviews. The study participants were 15 students (10 women and 05 men) aged between 15 and 24 years entered in the free city of the Simão Dias / SE. Most young students is part of the informal activity to contribute to the family income by reason of exclusion of class. The social roles played by them are built in the wider social context and as defined territories according to the sex of the worker. The space occupied by women in the free stall is limited by, local private space associated with the occupation "light" appropriate to the female characteristics. The men perform activities that require more physical strength enabling the movement in public space at the fair. Domestic roles and family members limit the availability of women in the formal market and impede the expansion of rights. However, informally, women are present in order to acquire a relative "autonomy". In general, young people are unemployed, have low educational level, and thus little prospect of building design professionals. The absence of public policies for integral formation of youth, including quality education, participation in professional training, job placement, is a determining factor for them to fall in informal employment.
Adotando a perspectiva de gênero, este estudo teve como objetivo principal analisar a construção da identidade de jovens inseridos no setor da informalidade na feira livre do Município de Simão Dias em Sergipe. A opção metodológica recaiu sobre a pesquisa qualitativa, com base na história oral, visando compreender como se edifica a subjetividade dos jovens inseridos no trabalho informal, seu universo de significados, suas aspirações, crenças, valores e atitudes. Foram consultadas várias fontes: bibliográficas, documentais, priorizando-se a observação livre e a realização de entrevistas. Os participantes deste estudo foram 15 jovens (10 mulheres e 05 homens) na faixa etária entre 15 e 24 anos inseridos na feira livre do município de Simão Dias/SE. Grande parte dos jovens insere-se na atividade informal para contribuir com a renda da família em razão da própria exclusão de classe. Os papéis sociais por eles desempenhados são construídos no contexto social mais amplo e definidos como territórios de acordo com o sexo do trabalhador. O espaço ocupado pela mulher na feira livre é limitado pela barraca, local associado ao espaço privado, a ocupação ―leve‖ adequada às características femininas. Os homens exercem atividades que exigem mais força física possibilitando a circulação no espaço público da feira. Os papéis domésticos/familiares limitam a disponibilidade das mulheres para o mercado formal e dificultam a ampliação dos direitos. Contudo, na informalidade, as mulheres se fazem presentes visando adquirir uma relativa ―autonomia‖. Em geral, os jovens encontram-se desempregados, apresentam baixo nível educacional e, portanto, reduzidas perspectivas de construção de projetos profissionais. A ausência de políticas públicas voltadas para a formação integral dessa juventude; incluindo uma educação de qualidade, participação em cursos profissionalizantes, oferta de emprego; é um fator determinante para que eles se insiram na informalidade do trabalho.

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Falkborn, Sandra, and Maria Andersson. "”För att hon är tjej och tjejer kan inte vara pirat” : En studie om den fria leken och genus." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-41017.

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Our purpose with this study is to examine free play from a gender perspective. We explore in which ways free play is free, as well as how pedagogues view their own role in free play alongside, their views on gender and how these impact upon their actions. The study seeks, to contribute to a greater understanding of free play and what factors influence it, so that pedagogues may gain a greater understanding and use free play in the best way possible for children. The study is based on the following questions: · Free play, how free is it? · How is gender expressed in free play when it comes to social interaction and children’s interaction with materials? · In what way do pedagogues assumptions about gender reveal themselves when supervising free play? For this study we used qualitative methods combining six interviews with preschool teachers and several observations at two different preschools. The theories used in this study is a combination of sociocultural and poststructuralist perspectives. Our results shows that generally the pedagogues had the same understanding on free play and that they are aware of the opportunities free play may provide for the children. Secondly this study shows how children use the materials provided at the preschool differently. While the boys and girls in this study use the materials to communicate and interact, the boys often did this in a more active way while the girls were more calm. Lastly, all pedagogues interviewed expressed their concerted efforts to strive towards gender equality in preschools.

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Ibrahim, Makahil, and Arslan Sunny Butt. "Barns könsroller i fritidshemmet : En kvalitativ undersökning under barns val av fria lekar/fritidsaktiviteter." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-41150.

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Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur könsrollerna i fritidshemmet formas och upprätthålls men även hur de bryts. Forskningsfrågorna vi utgår från handlar om pojkar och flickors val utifrån ett genusperspektiv samt förändringar som uppstår när barn bryter könsroller kopplat till fria lekar och fritidsaktiviteter. För att besvara dessa frågor har vi genomfört observationer på en skolas fritidshems och deras inomhus- och utomhusmiljö. Analyseringen av det insamlade materialet har genomförts utifrån de teoretiska perspektiven socialisation och genus. Vår studies resultat visar att det finns skillnader mellan pojkar och flickor utifrån könsroller som är stereotypiska i elevernas val av aktiviteter. När det kommer till likheter i val av aktiviteter mellan pojkar och flickor, upptäckte vi det i en fri lek. Ett oväntat resultat som visar att både pojkar och flickor tycker om låtsaslek, dock är det deras roller i leken som skiljer mellan könen. Utifrån förändringar som uppstod när barn bryter könsroller, märkte vi att det beror på en sammanstötning mellan barns egna val och stereotypiska uppfattningar om deras kön.
The purpose of this study is to investigate how gender roles in the after-school environment are shaped and maintained but also how they fluctuate. The research questions we've picked are based on boys and girls choices from a gender perspective as well as changes that occur when children break gender roles linked to free play and leisure activities. In order to observe this theme, we have conducted observation in after-schools indoor and outdoor environments. Analysis of the collected material has been carried out on the basis of socialization and gender concepts. Our study's results show that there are differences between boys and girls based on gender roles that are stereotypical in the choice of activities. When it comes to similarities in choosing activities between boys and girls, we discovered those in a free play setting. An unexpected result that shows that both boys and girls enjoy free play, however it is the content of their roles in the play that differentiates the sexes. Based on changes that occurred when children break gender roles, we discovered that these are due to clashes between children's choices and stereotypical perceptions about their gender.

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Wilder, Nicole Marie. "“Set Me Free At Once”: Exploring Feminism and Freedom in the Text, Performance, and Production of Lanie Robertson’s The Insanity of Mary Girard." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1217004796.

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33

Lopez, Victor. "LGBT Civil Rights vs. Religious Freedom: Determining the Constitutionality of Statutes that Prohibit Discrimination on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Grounds in Areas of Public Accommodations." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1594.

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In this thesis I argue that First Amendment free speech and exercise claims do not grant religious business owners the ability to bypass statutes that prohibit discrimination on sexual orientation and gender identity grounds in areas of public accommodations. My arguments focus on the constitutional claims made in the case Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission. Furthermore, I determine that Congress can rely on both the Commerce Clause and the Fourteenth Amendment to pass legislation that prohibits discrimination on sexual orientation and gender identity grounds in areas of public accommodations. I argue that despite the Court’s holding in the Civil Rights Cases, Congress can regulate discrimination by private actors, not just state sponsored discrimination, through the Fourteenth Amendment. I analyze the potential avenues religious business owners can use to undermine both state and federal antidiscrimination statutes and have their discriminatory practices legally sanctioned. I conclude by arguing that religious exemptions do not belong in antidiscrimination statutes.

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Ax, Sandra, and Serap Kessidis. "Gränssättning och genus i den fria leken." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-33272.

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What we are investigating in experience-based essay is children’s free play in preschool. The purpose is to find out exactly how free the so called “free play” is and what interventions from the teachers can result in and contribute to when it comes to children’s play in preschool. Our main questions are: In what way should preschool teachers intervene in children’s playing situations? Should preschool teachers work against stereotypical gender roles everyday play situations? Why is children’s unrestricted play important in preschool? We are starting of this scientific essay by introducing two stories that’s self-experienced in our roles as preschool teachers. In the first story we are writing about a dilemma that occurs when a play situation leads up to the teacher feeling that the best solution is to end the game. In the second story we are describing a dilemma that occurs as the teacher decides to intervene in the children’s play and the intervention results in the children getting bored and eventually decides to leave the game themselves. With the help from different theories and from the knowledge we’ve been taught due to our preschool teacher education, we are reflecting on how we managed these play situations and what we could have done differently. We are doing this to get different point of views to what children’s free play means, get an insight on the act and responsibility of teachers and also to get more insight to what meaning gender specific toys and boundaries possibly can have in children’s play. We are starting the reflection from a gender perspective and are analyzing with the help from a scientific article with the focus on gender specific toys. Our final reflection is that the teachers have a positive attitude towards the free play, but that they are subconsciously controlling with both rules and the way that toys are to be used. Through this work we have come to the conclusion that it is important that the teachers are present, supportive and involved in the children’s play due to its possibility of being a process dealing with real life events. It isalso important to work with equality in children’s play at preschool to break down current unequal structures between genders.
Det vi undersöker med denna erfarenhetsbaserade essä är barns fria lek i förskolan. Syftet är att ta reda på hur fri den så kallade fria leken är och vad pedagogers ingripande i barns leksituationer kan resultera i och bidra till vad gäller barns lek i förskolan. Våra frågeställningar vi vill belysa är: Hur ska pedagoger gripa in i leksituationer? Ska pedagoger i förskolan motverka stereotypa könsroller i vardagliga leksituationer? Varför är barns fria lek viktig i förskolan? Vi påbörjar denna vetenskapliga essä med att introducera två berättelser vi själva upplevt i våra roller som pedagoger på förskola. I första berättelsen skriver vi om ett dilemma som uppstår då en leksituation leder till att pedagogen upplever att den bästa lösningen är att avsluta leken. I den andra berättelsen beskriver vi ett dilemma som uppstår när pedagogen lägger sig i barnens lek som leder till att barnen tröttnar och tillslut självmant väljer att gå ifrån leken. Med hjälp av olika teorier och de kunskaper vi tillägnat oss från vår utbildning till förskollärare reflekterar vi över hur vi hanterade dessa leksituationer och vad vi hade kunnat göra annorlunda. Detta gör vi för att få olika synsätt gällande vad barns fria lek betyder, få syn på pedagogens agerande och ansvar samt för att få mer inblick i vad könsbundna leksaker och gränssättning kan ha för betydelse i barns lek. Vår slutliga reflektion är att pedagogerna har en positiv inställning till den fria leken, men att pedagogerna är inne och omedvetet styr med både regler och hur leksaker ska användas. Vi har genom detta arbete kommit fram till att det är viktigt att pedagoger är närvarande, stöttande och sätter sig in i barns lek då det kan vara bearbetning av verkliga händelser. Det är även viktigt att arbeta med likvärdighet ibarns lek på förskolan för att bryta nuvarande ojämlika uppbyggnader mellan könen.

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Lidzén, Susanne. "Låt oss inte glömma Lady Macbeth! : En komparativ studie av Lady Macbeth i Shakespeares tragedi samt i tre moderna TV- och filmadaptioner." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Filmvetenskapliga institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-80335.

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The work of Shakespeare has been popular to make film adaptations of from the birth of cinema. Macbeth, one of his most often played tragedies, is no exception. But how did Shakespeare portray Lady Macbeth in his play, and how do directors in the 21th century choose to portray her for a modern audience? I will try to find the answer to these questions by analyzing Shakespeare´s play as well as three modern adaptations. I will begin the thesis by looking at scholars´ view in questions regarding gender, free will, adaptations and genre before analyzing the play and the three movies. I will do this so in order to make comparisons between the play and the three adaptations. My conclusion is that Shakespeare wrote Lady Macbeth as a strong woman, an “unwomanly” woman of her time. The three adaptations also portray her as a strong woman, but in three different ways. I cannot draw any overall conclusions as this thesis is a subjective interpretation of text as well as picture, but further analysis of more adaptations of Macbeth can perhaps verify what has been stated in this thesis.

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Henley, Joseph. "Some free and partly equal. A comparative study of United Nations Security Council member states foreign policies related to the protection of rights in sexual orientation and gender identity." Thesis, Webster University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1526237.

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This study sets out to review a comparison of membership within the United Nations Security Council and the Human Rights Council and how sexual orientation and gender (SOGI) rights are protected or promoted within a state's foreign policy. These states were selected due to the need of having a set within the 193 UN member states and by choosing the UNSC there is elimination of selection bias. Multilateralism carries many difficulties, and chief amongst this is the concept of human rights. Human rights in general are often contentious, and especially in the area of SOGI. Because SOGI rights are not explicitly guaranteed within the Universal Declaration of Human Rights or any of the major Human Rights Conventions many states contend that they cannot be recognized as they are new rights. However, advocates for SOGI rights call for the principle of equality pointing out that these are not new rights, simply recognizing the importance of equal rights for all.

There is little work done already to emphasize how foreign policy engages with sexual orientation. Instead there is plenty of research supporting the marginalization and discrimination against people because of their SOGI. Most studies deal with domestic situations. This study as an interdisciplinary approach blends quantitative, qualitative and legal focuses within expressed foreign policy and attempts to determine if there is any relationship between states that are involved within the United Nations Security Council, the Human Rights Council, and SOGI foreign policy. After a thorough review of the backgrounds related to SOGI of each selected state, each state is then measured across 2 indices each comprised of 4 factors to attempt to begin a valuation of the two subjects. The results appear to reflect that those states that are more involved within the UNSC and the Human Rights Council do tend to have a better record on SOGI within their foreign policy. However, these results can only be preliminary as more research is needed to fully understand how these two variables can interact with each other.

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Combrinck, Heléne. "The role of international human rights law in guiding the interpretation of women's right to be free from violence under the South African constitution." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2812.

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Doctor Legum - LLD
The thesis firstly looks at how women's right to freedom from violence has developed in international (global) human rights law since the early 1990s. In this regard, the study finds that while the issue of violence against women (and women's rights generally) was barely on the international human rights agenda at the beginning of this period, an enormous degree of development has subsequently taken place. Through the adoption of documents such as General Recommendation No. 19 by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, the Declaration on Elimination of Violence against Women and the Beijing Declaration and Platform of Action, international norms and standards were set regarding role of the State in providing women with protection against violence.
South Africa

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Ingridsdotter, Jenny. "The Promises of the Free World : Postsocialist Experience in Argentina and the Making of Migrants, Race, and Coloniality." Doctoral thesis, Södertörns högskola, Etnologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32312.

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This thesis investigates the narrated experiences of a number of individuals that migrated to Argentina from Russia and Ukraine in the wake of the fall of the Soviet Union. The over-arching aim of this thesis is to study the ways in which these migrants navigated the social reality in Argentina, with regards to available physical, material, and socioeconomic positions as well as with regards to their narrated self-understandings and identifications. The empirical data consists of ethnographic in-depth interviews and participatory observation from Buenos Aires between the years 2011 and 2014. Through the theoretical frameworks of political discourse theory, critical race studies, auto-ethnography, and theories on coloniality, the author examines questions of migration, mobility, race, class, and gender in the processes of re-establishing a life in a new context. The interviewees were not only directly affected by the collapse of the USSR in the sense that it drastically changed their terrain of possible futures as well as retroactive understandings of their pasts, but they also began their lives in Argentina during the turmoil of the economic crisis that culminated in 2001. Central to this thesis is how these dislocatory events impacted the interviewees’ possibilities and limitations for living the life they had expected, and thus how discursive structures affect subject positions and identifications, and thereby create specific conditions for different relocatory trajectories. By focusing on how these individuals narrate their reasons for migration and their integration into Argentine labor and housing markets, the author demonstrates the role Argentine and East European history, as well as the neoliberal restructuring of the postsocialist region and Argentina in the 1990’s, had for self-understandings, subject positions, identities, and mobility. Various intersections of power, and particularly the making of race and whiteness, are important for the way that the interviewees negotiated subject positions and identifications. The author addresses how affect and hope played a part in these processes and how downward mobility was articulated and made meaningful. She also examines how participants’ ideas about a “good life” were related to understandings of the past, questions of race, social inequality, and a logic of coloniality.
Den här avhandlingen undersöker hur ett antal individer som migrerade från Ryssland och Ukraina till Argentina efter Sovjetunionens fall berättar om sin erfarenhet. Det övergripande syftet är att studera hur dessa migranter navigerade i den sociala verkligheten i Argentina, särskilt vad det gäller kroppsliga, materiella och socioekonomiska positioner, såväl som hur detta påverkat deras berättade självförståelse och identifikationer. Det empiriska materialet består av etnografiska djupintervjuer och deltagande observationer gjorda i Buenos Aires mellan åren 2011 och 2014. Författaren använder sig av ett teoretiskt ramverk bestående av politisk diskursteori, kritiska ras- och vithetsstudier, autoetnografi och teorier om kolonialitet för att undersöka frågor om migration, mobilitet, rasialisering, klass och kön i en kontext av återetablering av ett liv i ett nytt samhälle. De som intervjuas i denna avhandling påverkades inte bara av Sovjetunionens kollaps, på så sätt att det påverkade deras förståelse av möjlig framtid samt deras retroaktiva förståelser av det förflutna, utan de påbörjade även sina nya liv i Argentina under den ekonomiska krisen som kulminerade år 2001. Centralt i avhandlingen är hur dessa dislokatoriska händelser inverkade på de intervjuades möjligheter och begränsningar för att kunna leva det liv som de hade förväntat sig, och därmed hur diskursiva strukturer påverkar subjektspositioner och identifikationer och därmed skapar specifika villkor för olika vägar för återetablering. Genom fokus på hur dessa individer berättar om sina anledningar för migrationen och om deras väg in i den argentinska arbets- och bostadsmarknaden visar författaren vilken roll argentinsk och östeuropeisk historia, såväl som 1990-talets nyliberala omstrukturering av den postsovjetiska regionen och Argentina, hade för deras självförståelse, subjektspositioner, identitet och mobilitet. Viktigt för hur de intervjuade förhandlade om olika subjektspositioner och identifikationer är intersektionella maktordningar och särskilt skapandet av ras och vithet. Författaren analyserar hur affekt och hopp spelade en roll i dessa processer och hur social deklassering artikulerades och gjordes meningsfull. Här undersöks även hur de intervjuades idéer om möjligheten att leva ett ”gott liv” var sammanflätade med förståelser av det förflutna, rasialisering, social ojämlikhet och en logik som präglades av kolonialitet.
Тема этой диссертации – это личный опыт ряда индивидуумов, переехавших в Аргентину вскоре после распада Советского Союза, на основе их собственных повествований. Основная цель работы заключается в исследовании того, как мигранты-участники вписывались в общественную реальность Аргентины на фоне её превалирующих физических, материальных и социо-экономических позиций, а также по отношению к тому, как согласно их рассказам, эти люди сами себя воспринимали и идентифицировали. Эмпирическая компонента диссертации включает в себя комплекс углубленных этнографических интервью и включенного наблюдения, проводимых в Буэнос Айрес в 2011 -2014 гг. Автор изучает вопросы миграции, класса, социальной мобильности, расы и гендера в процессе переустановки жизни в новых условиях, руководствуясь теоретическими посылами теорий политического дискурса, критических расовых исследований (critical race studies), автоэтнографии и теорий колониальности. В дополнение к тому факту, что на интервьюируемых оказал непосредственное влияние распад Советского Союза, который кардинальным образом изменил как возможные сценарии их будущего, так и ретроактивные интерпретации их прошлого, эти люди начали свою новую жизнь в Аргентине сразу после сумятицы экономического кризиса, достигшего кульминации в 2001 г. Центральным аспектом диссертации является изучение воздействия, которое имели эти дислоцирующие обстоятельства на спектр естественных возможностей и преград на пути реализации жизненного проекта участников исследования, как они себе его представляли, а также какое влияние оказывают соответствующие дискурсивные структуры на позиции и идентификации субъектов, обуславливая определенные условия реализации различных траекторий их жизни в эмиграции. Фокусируя внимание на том, как эти индивидуумы повествуют о том, что побудило их к эмиграции в Аргентину и интеграции в местные рынки труда и жилья, автор подчеркивает ту роль, которую сыграли в этом особенности как аргентинской, так и восточноевропейской истории, наряду с более поздними структурными изменениями 90х гг., происходившими как на постсоветском, так и аргентинском пространствах в эпоху неолиберализма. Это касается в равной степени аспектов самовосприятия, позиций субъектов, а также вопросов их идентификации и мобильности. Важной составляющей того, каким образом интервьюируемые устанавливали рамки своей субъективной идентификации и позиции, являлись различные грани концепции власти; в частности того, как возникают понятия расы и ‘белизны’ (whiteness). Автор обращается к вопросу, какую роль в этих процессах сыграли аффект и надежда, и как субъекты исследования артикулировали и находили смысл в своей нисходящей мобильности. Параллельно автор анализирует то, как представления участников о "хорошей жизни" ставились ими в зависимость от их собственной интерпретации прошлого, наряду с вопросами расы, общественного неравенства и колониальной логики.
Esta tesis investiga las experiencias narradas por una serie de individuos que emigraron a Argentina desde Rusia y Ucrania a raíz de la caída de la Unión Soviética. Su objetivo general es estudiar el modo en que estos inmigrantes transitaron la realidad social argentina en lo que se refiere a las posiciones físicas, materiales y socioeconómicas disponibles, así como también a su auto-comprensión y a las identidades construidas desde sus narraciones. La autora examina cuestiones de migración, movilidad, raza, clase y género en los procesos de restablecimiento de la vida de estos sujetos a través del marco de la teoría política del discurso, los estudios críticos de la raza, la auto-etnografía y teorías sobre la colonialidad. Los datos empíricos consisten en entrevistas etnográficas en profundidad y observación participante realizadas en Buenos Aires entre los años 2011 y 2014. Los entrevistados no sólo se vieron directamente afectados por el colapso de la URSS en el sentido de que éste cambió drásticamente su terreno de futuros posibles y la comprensión retroactiva de su pasado, sino que también comenzaron sus vidas en Argentina durante las turbulencias de la crisis económica que estalló en el año 2001. En esta tesis, es central la indagación sobre cómo estos eventos dislocatorios impactaron en las posibilidades y limitaciones de los entrevistados para vivir la vida que esperaban y cómo las estructuras discursivas afectan las posiciones y las identificaciones de los sujetos, creando condiciones específicas para diferentes trayectorias de reubicación. Al enfocarse en cómo estos individuos narran sus razones para la migración y su integración en los mercados laborales y de la vivienda en Argentina, la autora demuestra el papel que tienen en las auto-comprensiones, posiciones de sujeto, identidades y movilidad, tanto la historia argentina y de Europa del Este, así como también la reestructuración neoliberal de la región postsocialista y de la Argentina en los años 90. Diversas intersecciones de poder, y particularmente la raza y la blancura son importantes para la manera en que los entrevistados negociaron posiciones subjetivas e identificaciones. La autora aborda cómo el afecto y la esperanza desempeñaron un papel en estos procesos y cómo la movilidad descendente se articuló y se hizo significativa. También examina cómo las ideas de los participantes acerca de una "buena vida" se relacionan con la comprensión del pasado, las cuestiones de raza, desigualdad social y una lógica colonial.

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Ocran, Kweku Siripi. "An Examination of Female Students’ Schooling Experiences in an Era of Educational Reforms in Ghana: A case study in the Accra - Tema School District." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1272391557.

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Angwin, Jennifer, and mailto:ja@deakin edu au. "Women, Words, and Work: A study of change and reconstruction in adult TESOL." Deakin University. School of Social & Cultural Studies in Education, 1996. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20031125.085112.

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My dissertation asserts that the discourses which at the present time construct the world of work for teachers in adult TESOL, are no longer adequate to represent the field in these new and rapidly changing times. For the last forty years the discourses that have constructed the field present a totalising, gender free, liberal humanist view of TESOL, rendering women's experience invisible, no longer speaking to or for women teachers who make up more than ninety percent of the teachers in Victorian adult TESOL programs (Cope & Kalantzis 1993, Brodkey 1991, Fine 1992, Peirce 1995). I begin by exploring the work of women teachers in adult TESOL, focusing on women teaching in the fast growing de-institutionalised settings of adult TESOL programs, which remain marginalised from the central programs in terms of administrative policy and practice. I report the findings of a series of projects undertaken by the teachers and the researcher by which new insights and understandings of teachers beliefs about their work and the changes which are currently reconstructing the field of adult language and literacy education in Australia, have been gained. I questions the discourses of applied linguistics which have for the past forty years constructed the field of adult TESOL in Australia and suggests that these lack a social theory (Candlin 1989). From the research findings I questions the possibility of continuing to work in the ways of the past, in the current climate of reconstruction of the field, rapid policy change and continued erosion of resources. I suggest that the previously loose system which held this field of work together, the ways of working, the understandings of practice, have in the light of these new times, been stretched to the limit and are in real danger of collapse. For the women working in TESOL this continued incursion of the systems into their work and the changes that have taken place, the denial of their ways of working, their local knowledge and gendered experiences, can be read against Habermas' concept of the colonisation of the lifeworld of language teaching (Habermas 1987).

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Bucciarelli, Karina. "A Feminist Epistemological Framework: Preventing Knowledge Distortions in Scientific Inquiry." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1365.

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This thesis explores what to have distorted scientific knowledge claims due to socially constructed conceptions of gender. Using the paradigm example of the explanation of human fertilization misrepresenting knowledge as it maps on stereotypes about the passive female and the active male onto the scientific participation of the egg and the sperm. Exploring arguments presented by feminist epistemologists, I argue that in order to produce knowledge free of distortions due to problematic social conceptions we must engage in a specific epistemological framework with three main components: 1) critically and systematically examine the subject of knowledge in relation to the object of knowledge, 2) make efforts to diversify inquirers as the perspectives of marginalized identities are important to informing where dominant narratives are failing to be objective and 3) actively acknowledge the role that values play in inquiry and promote feminist values. The framework presented is specifically applicable to knowledge distortions present in scientific inquiry but, importantly, can also inform individual epistemic relationship.

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Gunnarsson, Elin, and Sophia Löfstrand. "Bildskapande, genus och jämställdhet i förskolan : En studie om tre förskollärares syn kring genus och jämställdhet i barns bildskapande." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Pedagogik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-34654.

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Utifrån vårt intresse inom bild så har vi uppmärksammat att det förekommer skillnader i pojkar och flickors bilder, hur dem målar och vad dem målar. Studiens syfte är att belysa hur några förskollärare arbetar kring jämställdhet i sina bildaktiviteter. Utifrån förskolans läroplan står det att förskolläraren ska organisera utbildningen så att barnen möts, leker, lär tillsammans, utvecklar och provar sina förmågor och intressen på lika villkor oavsett könstillhörighet. Studiens metod baserades på semistrukturerade intervjuer där tre förskollärare intervjuades. Vi genomförde studien ur ett jämställdhetsperspektiv för att se om förskollärarna anser att det är skillnader på flickor och pojkar i deras bildskapande. Läroplanens jämställdhetsbegrepp beskrivs att båda könen ska ha samma möjligheter att utveckla intressen och förmågor. Barnen ska inte hindras av de traditionella könsmönstren. Det insamlade materialet analyserades tematisk. Resultatet visade att de tre förskollärarna anser att bild är viktigt i barns utveckling och lärande. De pratade om att man får in de flesta av läroplanens mål i skapande aktiviteter. Det visade sig att det förekommer skillnader i barns bilder, mer i det fria skapandet än i det styrda. Våra respondenter hade svårt med begreppet jämställdhet och beskrev begreppet jämlikhet.
Based on our interest in painting, we have noticed that there are differences in boys 'and girls' pictures, how they paint and what they paint. The purpose of the study is to shed light on how some preschool teachers work around gender equality in their visual activities. Based on the preschool curriculum, it says that the preschool teacher must organize the education so that the children meet, play, learn together, develop and test their abilities and interests on equal terms regardless of gender. The study method was based on semi-structured interviews where three preschool teachers were interviewed. We conducted the study from a gender equality perspective to see if the preschool teachers believe there is any differences between girls and boys in their image creation. The curriculum's concept of gender equality describes that both sexes must have the same opportunities to develop interests and abilities. Children should not be hindered by the traditional gender patterns. The collected material was analyzed thematically. The results showed that the three preschool teachers believe that image is important in children's development and learning. They talked about getting most of the curriculum's goals into creative activities. It turned out that there are differences in children's images, more in free creation than in controlled. Our respondents had difficulty with the concept of gender equality and described the concept of equality.

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Holmes, Janel L. "The Color of Memory: Reimagining the Antebellum South in Works by James McBride Through the use of Free Indirect Discourse." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4220.

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This thesis examines the use of interior narrative techniques such as free indirect discourse and internal monologue in two of James McBride’s neo-slave narratives, Song Yet Sung (2008) and The Good Lord Bird (2013). Very limited critical attention has been given to these neo-slave narratives that illustrate McBrides attention to characterization and focalized narration. In these narratives McBride builds upon the revelations he explores in his bestselling memoir, The Color of Water (1996, 2006), where he learns to disassociate race and character. What he discovers about not only his mother, but also himself, inspires his re-imagination of the people who lived during the antebellum period. His use of interior narrative techniques deviates from his peers’ conventional approach to the neo-slave narrative. His exploration of the psyche demonstrates a focalized attention to the individual, rather than a characterization of the community, which is typically portrayed in neo-slave narratives. In conclusion, this thesis argues that James McBride’s neo-slave narratives reveal his interest in deconstructing the hierarchal positioning of whites and blacks during the antebellum period in order to communicate that although African Americans were the intended victims, slave masters and mistresses were oppressed by the ideologies of slavery as well.

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Vera, Obradović Ljubinković. "Koreodrama u Srbiji u 20. i 21. veku: rodna perspektiva." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Asocijacija centara za interdisciplinarne i multidisciplinarne studije i istraživanja, 2016. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=100277&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Koreodrama je jedan od oblika pozorišne igre u kojoj se insistira na sintezi različitih oblika ispoljavanja: pokretom, muzikom, rečju. Ne postoji jedna definicija koreodrame s obzirom na vreme kada se pojavila i na umetničke i društvene prilike u kojima su pojedine snažne koreografske ličnosti stvarale do danas u svetu i Srbiji. Istražuju se praktične i teorijske dimenzije koreodrame kao zasebnog pozorišnog žanra sa stanovišta forme koja doprinosi razvoju rodnih studija, pre svega diskusijom o emancipaciji ženskog tela.Cilj ovoga rada je da prikupi, sistematizuje i interpretira podatke o razvoju koreodrame u Srbiji tokom 20. veka i njenom vidljivom prodoru u pozorišnoj umetnosti 21. veka - kako bi se jasno pokazale zasluge žena u afirmaciji ovog pozorišnog usmerenja.Hipoteza je da je koreodrama izmenila odnos prema igri, odnos prema drami i odnos prema ženskom telu.Savremene teorija roda vode računa o osobinama identiteta žena (i muškaraca) i tumače ga kao promenljivu pojavu kompleksnog sadržaja, sastavljenu od više različitih komponenata (Duhaček, 2011; 2014). U tumačenju osobina identiteta četiri odabrane umetnice koristimo holistički teorijski pristup savremenih teorija (poststrukturalni, postmoderni i interkulturalni feminizam), a metodom analize diskursa takav teorijski pristup proveravamo. Takav teorijski pristup uzima u obzir ne samo verbalnu poruku, nego podjednako i kontekst u kojem se verbalni i neverbalni događaj ispoljava i same sagovornike.Promenljivost identiteta je osnova ovakvog teorijskog pristupa, dokumentovana na empirijskom materijalu života i stvaralaštva umetnica u Srbiji u 20. veku.Metod istraživanja se oslanja na analizu teksta, odnosno dva su osnovna metoda (Savić, 1993): analiza tekstova i analiza razgovora (diskursa).Rezultati pokazuju da su se u Srbiji koreodramom bavile uglavnom umetnice izrazite individualnosti i obrazovanja, o kojima je samo delimično pisano u domaćoj literaturi kada je u pitanju odnos roda i koreodramskog postupka stvaranja, odabiranja sadržaja i afirmisanja u javnom prostoru: Maga Magazinović, Smiljana Mandukić, Nada Kokotović i Sonja Vukićević.1.Vlastitim umetničkim i pedagoškim delovanjem naše četri umetnice doprinele su širenju znanja o igri u Srbiji uopšte, posebno novom poimanju oslobođenog tela (i to ne samo u igri);2 Njihov doprinos se ogleda u ukupnoj emancipaciji žena (u profesiji, u porodici i dr.);3. Sada je poznato da je uporedo tekla borba za ravnopravnost žena u društvu sa afirmacijom moderne igre i koreodrame u Srbiji.4. Rad četiri umetnice je uticao na formiranje stvarateljki nove generacije koreografkinja u Srbiji u 21. veku.Zaključujem da postoji kontinuitet u afirmisanju žanra koreodrame u pozorišnom životu Srbije od periferije ka centru umetničkog događanja.Podaci iz ovog istraživanja se mogu neposredno uključiti u postojeće kurikulume o savremenoj igri na Akademiji umetnosti, s jedne strane, i u obrazovni program iz muzičke i pozorišne umetnosti u srednjim školama, s druge strane.
Choreodrama is a form of theatrical dance which insists on the synthesis of different forms of expression: movement, music, word. There is not a unique definition of choreodrama given the time when it appeared on the artistic and social situation in which some strong choreographic personalities have created to this date in the world and Serbia as well. The practical and theoretical dimensions of choreodrama as a separate genre are examined from the standpoint of form which contributes the development of gender studies, especially the discussion on the emancipation of the female body.The aim of this study is to gather, systematize and interpret information on the development of choreodrama in Serbia during the 20th century and its visible breakthrough in the art of theatre of the 21st century - in order to clearly show the merits of women in the promotion of this theatrical direction.The hypothesis is that choreodrama has changed attitude towards dance, the attitude towards drama and relationship to the female body.Contemporary theories of gender pay special attention on the characteristics of women' identity (and men' as well) and interpret it as the emergence of a complex variable content made up of several different components (Duhacek, 2011; 2014). In identity characterics interpreting of four selected artists we use a holistic theoretical approach to contemporary theories (poststructural, postmodern feminism and intercultural feminism) and this theoretical approach can be checked by method of discourse analysis. Such an approach takes into account not only the verbal message, but also the context in which the verbal and non-verbal situations are manifested, as well as interlocutors themselves. Variability of identity is the basis of this theoretical approach, documented in the empirical material of the female artists' lives and work in Serbia in the 20th century.The research method relies on the analysis of the text or, to be precise, two basic methods (Savić, 1993): analysis of texts and conversation analysis (discourse). The results show that in Serbia mainly female artists of great individuality and education dealt with choreodrama and they were only partly written about in our literature concerning the relationship of gender and choreodrama process of creation, selection of content and affirmation in the public area: Maga Magazinović, Smiljana Mandukić, Nada Kokotović and Sonja Vukicevic.1.With their personal artistic and pedagogical functioning, our four women artists have contributed to spreading the knowledge about dance in Serbia in general, especially the new understanding of the liberated body (and not only in dance);2. Their contribution is reflected in the total emancipation of women (in their profession, family, etc.);3Now it is known that the struggle for women's equality in society was lead simultaneously with the affirmation of the modern dance and choreodrama in Serbia.4. The work of these four female artists has influenced the work of the creators of a new generation of choreographers in Serbia in the 21st century.I conclude that there is continuity in the promotion of the choreodrama genre in Serbian theatrical life from the periphery to the center of artistic events.The research information can be directly incorporated into existing curricula of contemporary art at the Academies of Arts, on the one hand, and in the educational programme of music and theatrical art in secondary schools, on the other hand.

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Averin, Tilda. "”Vad vi säger, vad vi gör, det speglar ju sig på barnen” : En kvalitativ studie om fyra förskollärares beskrivningar av att inkludera ett jämställdhetsperspektiv i den fria leken." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för didaktik och lärares praktik (DLP), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100230.

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Syftet med studien är att utifrån en didaktisk teori jämföra hur fyra förskollärare beskriver att de tillämpar förskolans värdegrund i den fria leken, med särskilt fokus på jämställdhet. Till syftet har följande två frågeställningar konkretiserats; Hur beskriver förskollärare att de inkluderar ett jämställdhetsperspektiv i den fria leken? och Vilka utmaningar lyfter förskollärare gällande att inkludera ett jämställdhetsperspektiv i den fria leken?. Studien har utgått ifrån en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer. I studiens resultat framkommer det att förskollärarna beskriver inkludering av ett jämställdhetsperspektiv i den fria leken på varierande sätt. Både vad gäller att inkludera det vid strukturering av den fysiska miljön likväl som genom sin egen delaktighet i den fria leken. Några av de strategier som lyfts fram är att använda genusneutralt material och att göra materiella tillägg i genusstereotypa lekar. Med det sistnämda menas bland annat att introducera barnen för nya leksaker, vilka de spontant inte väljer att använda själva, för att bidra till variationer i deras lekar. Ytterligare metoder som anges är att som förskollärare agera omvänt gentemot stereotypa föreställningar om könen samt att verbalt tydliggöra att alla leksaker är för både pojkar och flickor. En metod som samtliga förskollärare lyfter är att de diskuterar med barnen när de uttrycker stereotypa genusföreställningar, som exempelvis att rosa är en tjejfärg. Vad gäller hur stor plats barnens egna intresse ska få respektive hur stor påverkan förskollärarna ska ha på den fria leken gav förskollärarna olika svar. De har olika syn på hur barnens möjligheter till att leka på jämställda villkor påverkas av att barnens intressen får vara styrande i den fria leken. Några av förskollärarna upplever det som en utmaning att finna en balans mellan barnens inflytande och sin påverkan vad gäller att inkludera ett jämställdhetsperspektiv. Andra ser utmaningar gällande att leva upp till sina valda jämställdhets-strategier. Angående det lyfts exempelvis svårigheten i att säkerställa att man inte omedvetet förmedlar genusstereotypa föreställningar till barnen. Ytterligare lyfter förskollärarna att organisatoriska villkor, som till exempel tidsbrist, utgör utmaningar för att inkludera ett jämställdhetsperspektiv i den fria leken.

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Cavalcanti, Teixeira Louisiana. "The Social Impacts of Trade Liberalization in Brazil : An Analysis of the Manaus Free Trade Zone and the Macroeconomic Reforms in the 1990s." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. https://basepub.dauphine.fr/discover?query=%222019PSLED022%22.

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Cette thèse explore de manière empirique les impacts sociaux de la libéralisation du commerce au Brésil. Premièrement, nous examinons les politiques de libéralisation des années 90 et leurs impacts sur le revenu et la privation multidimensionnelle. En utilisant la méthode des différence-en-différences et un panel de 1987-1997, les résultats suggèrent que la libéralisation a réduit le revenu et a détérioré les conditions non monétaires du ménage dans les secteurs formels à forte intensité masculine. Cela a également contribué au processus d'informalisation du travail déjà en cours, favorisant l'expansion de la main- d'œuvre féminine. Par la suite, nous traitons le cas de la Zone Franche de Manaus. En utilisant les techniques résiduelles et de frontière stochastiques, l'analyse confirme que la mise en œuvre de la ZFM a contribué à l'efficacité social et du travail dans la région en raison des contrôles rigoureux effectués par SUFRAMA. Néanmoins, les liens économiques dans la région sont encore faibles et des effets de débordements positifs entre Manaus et ses environs sont probablement inexistants
This dissertation explores empirically the social impacts of the trade liberalization in Brazil. Firstly, we consider the liberalization policies of the 1990s and its impacts on income and on the multidimensional deprivation. Using the difference in differences method and a panel from 1987-1997, results suggests that trade liberalization has reduced income levels and deteriorated the household's non-monetary conditions in male-intensive formal sectors. It has also contributed to the labor informalization process already under way, favoring female labor's expansion. Subsequently, we treat the Manaus Free Trade Zone's case. Using the residuals and the stochastic frontier techniques, the analysis confirms that the MFTZ’s implementation collaborated to labor and social efficiency in the area due to the rigid checks conducted by SUFRAMA. Nevertheless, economic linkages in the region are still weak and positive spillovers from Manaus to its surroundings were probably inexistent

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Vaezghasemi, Masoud. "Nutrient intake of adolescents with celiac disease and their non-celiac counterparts : A comparative study of Swedish 14-year-old boys and girls on gluten-free diet with a non-celiac, gender- and age-matched control group." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kostvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101629.

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Abstract Introduction: Following a strict gluten-free diet means exclusion of many staple foods such as traditionally made bread, flour, pasta, and whole grain products that are largely included in the Swedish daily diet. Such exclusions of vital resources could have harmful consequences on nutritional status and cause nutritional hazard, if they are not substituted with appropriate alternatives. Aim: To compare the nutrient and energy intakes of 14-year-old boys and girls on gluten free diet with their non-celiac counterparts as well as the estimated average requirement. Method: All 14-year-old adolescents with suspected and previously diagnosed Celiac disease from the ETICS study (Exploring the Iceberg of Celiac in Sweden) as well as a randomized gender- and age-matched non-celiac controls were invited to a dietary sub-study; ETICS-diet. A four-week food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the dietary intakes of 129 celiac cases (63 boys and 66 girls) with 428 non-celiac controls (boys 188 and girls 240). Basal Metabolic Rate was used to evaluate the validity of the reported food intakes in the present study through comparison with individually calculated energy requirements. Results: There were no significant differences between Celiac disease cases and controls regarding their food and energy intakes nor physical activity level. In general, the nutrient intakes were significantly lower among cases compared to controls, particularly in fiber, but similar patterns were observed among both cases and controls when we assessed whether they were within the recommended range of nutrient intake or not. Conclusion: The current study, in sum, informs public health intervention programs to promote healthy eating habits for all children by endorsing foods highest in Folate, Vitamin C, Iron, and fiber.

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Lami, Adelina, and Fitore Gerxhaliu. "Barns fria lek : En socialpsykologisk studie." Thesis, Socialpsykologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-3741.

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AbstractGroup processes within the free play- in a socialpsychology perspective In our socialpsychology study we have demonstrated how children’s free play is by observing 2-5 years old children in preschool. We have also interviewed two preschool teachers. The major subject in this study is how children’s group processes expresses in their free play. The purposes with this social psychological study have been to get a major insight of how the group processes looks like from a gender and structure perspective.

We have with some help from psychology and social theories described the consequence and the importance in children’s free play. We have also described how hierarchy, interaction, alienation and roles are important and which meaning they have. The free play offers children free mind, independence and it even promotes development.

AbstraktI vår socialpsykologiska studie har vi förevisat vad som sker inom barns fria lek, vi har observerat barn i åldrarna 2-5 på en förskola inom Halmstad Kommun. Vi har även intervjuat två förskolelärare inom samma verksamhet. Genom vår studie har vi velat påvisa de olika grupprocesserna som utspelas hos barn inom den fria leken. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att få en inblick om hur de olika grupprocesserna ser ut inom barns fria lek bl.a. utifrån genus och ur ett strukturerat perspektiv.

Vi har med hjälp av psykologiska och sociologiska teorier beskrivit konsekvenserna och de viktiga beståndsdelarna inom barns fria lek. Vi har även tagit upp hur betydelsefull makthierarki, samspel, utanförskap samt rolltagande är inom den fria leken. Den fria leken erbjuder ett fritt tänkande för barnen, självständighet men framförallt erbjuder den en enorm utveckling och tillväxt hos barnet.

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Tornhill, Sofie. "Capital Visions : The Politics of Transnational Production in Nicaragua." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-38626.

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In processes of economic integration, neoliberal discourse and corresponding notions of development comprise some of the most readily available imaginaries of political and social interaction and change. However, these processes are always also locally produced and negotiated. Engaging with discourse theory, Marxism and postcolonial feminist theory, this dissertation brings together “macro” and “micro” aspects of globalization. The aim is to interrogate discursive reinforcements of and challenges to global orders of production and divisions of labor. With a focus on representations of Free Trade Zones (FTZs), which are tax-exempted enclaves for export production, the study explores competing meanings attributed to the operation of transnational capital in Nicaragua. Based on policy documents, political speeches, promotional videotapes and interviews, the political rhetoric of two governments with competing agendas is analyzed: the neoliberal/conservative government of the Liberal Constitutionalist Party (2002–2007), which framed the FTZs in terms of national progress, and the leftist government of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (2007– ), which attempts to reconnect to the country’s revolutionary past. In this way efforts to formulate legitimate political agendas in the context of shifting relations between states and markets are detailed, together with constructions of citizens and workers along differentiations of class and gender. Relying on interviews with FTZ workers, the study examines ways to interpret, inhabit or resist imperative subject positions at the intersections of contending projects of nation-building and transnational orders of production, in conjunction with a discussion of the uneasy distinction between representation and appropriation that troubles transnational feminist research projects.

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Hirao, Silvia Eri. "Ser jovem na Cidade Tiradentes: um estudo exploratório." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-16062008-135316/.

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Esta dissertação busca conhecer as formas de vivência da juventude na Cidade Tiradentes a partir de olhares que perpassam as variadas dimensões de constituição do sujeito juvenil, sem localizar seu foco central nas instituições, que têm, em um novo cenário da condição juvenil, compartilhado sua exclusividade de esferas socializadoras e de referência identitária com outras formas de socialização e de construção de identidades. A metodologia utilizada valeu-se da aplicação de questionários e da realização de grupos focais com jovens residentes em Cidade Tiradentes, totalizando o levantamento das opiniões de 80 jovens. As falas discorreram sobre juventude, bairro, cotidiano, lazer, cultura, família, escola, amizade, trabalho, tráfico de drogas e projetos de futuro. A partir desses temas, foram identificadas questões que qualificam a construção de moratórias sociais muito específicas e que acompanham a pluralidade do conceito de juventude. A qualificação dessas moratórias mostra-se vinculada em grande medida às formas de percepção e de reação a julgamentos e a estigmas difundidos pela sociedade e freqüentemente absorvidos pelos jovens. Também se revelam como fatores condicionantes o usufruto do tempo livre; a ligação afetiva dos jovens com o distrito, sendo que aqueles que cresceram no local são muitas vezes aqueles que desejam permanecer; a questão do gênero, como propiciador ou limitador de práticas sociais e ocupação do espaço diferenciada; e a dimensão da moderação, caracterizando a possibilidade de liberdade que pode ser vivida e usufruída e que qualifica a condição juvenil na Cidade Tiradentes.
This work aims to understand the living conditions and the experiences of youth in Cidade Tiradentes, a poor district in the periphery of Sao Paulo, Brazil. It will provide a general overview on the theme by analyzing speeches of young people who took part in discussion groups organized especially for this work. This paper\'s approach considered a wide range of aspects that contribute to the constitution of a young person. It thus avoided focusing only on institutions (which used to be the main socializing space and the main provider of identity references for youth, but has recently been sharing this role with other actors). The methodology of this work included questionnaires and discussion groups, gathering the opinion of 80 young Cidade Tiradentes dwellers. The speeches comprised a variety of themes, such as youth, neighborhood, daily activities, leisure, culture, family, school, friendship, work, drugs and projects for the future. Through the analisys of youth speeches, it was possible to identify several aspects that build social moratoriums for these audiences. These moratoriums are strongly related to perceptions and reactions about judgments and stigma disseminated by the media and society. In addition, other components guiding youth development were identified: the use of free time; the affectionate relationship with the district (those who grew up there were also those who did not intend to move out of the district); gender, which plays an important role in defining social practices and the use of space; and the dimension of moderation, which refers to ways of free living in this district that characterize youth condition in Cidade Tiradentes.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gender free'

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