Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gender Equality'
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NORBERG, MARIA. "Gender Equality across Global Organizations: Towards a Framework for Increasing Gender Equality." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240672.
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The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze how Global Organizations work with Gender Equality, what type of challenges they experience and how they can be addressed. Secondarily, it addresses how Global Organizations can create an international Gender Equality strategy and how Gender Equality work differs among four countries. Earlier research has focused on gender equality as a stand-alone topic, and few models exist to incorporate such work in global organizations that efficiently manages to address the complexity of gender equality across varying cultures and business units. By surveying current research in gender equality, change management, and cultural management, this thesis proposes a framework for change that more adequately manages the inherently subjective nature of gender, together with the cross-cultural complexities of global organizations. The results, analysis, and discussion are based on a literature review enumerating the components of the synthesized framework and on interviews with two Swedish multinational companies, one construction company, and a mining company. Countries of interest are Czech Republic, Sweden, United Kingdom and the United States. Analyzed through this framework, the results indicate an increasing gap between different business units across the organizations, despite an overall increase of Gender Equality in total. The framework suggests that informal systems need to be addressed more explicitly and that centralized initiatives need to better account for geopolitical contexts to stay relevant when educating, informing and dictating change initiatives. The nature of the problem suggests it be managed by a shaping type of strategy with an emphasis on international networks dedicated to the issue. The similarities between Gender equality-specific models, selected change-models and cultural descriptive models indicate that there is possible to amalgamate insights from different academic fields more coherently. Utilizing the definition of gender and confirming the subjective nature of Gender Equalityissues leads to strategy models and cultural descriptions that - independent of Gender Equality work - confirm and strengthens the key takeaways from each model. The research shows that there are overlapping interests and areas of interest between academia and the industry, which is something that can be further developed.Huvudsyftet med denna masteruppsats är att analysera hur globala organisationer arbetar med jämställdhet, vilken typ av utmaningar de upplever och hur de kan hanteras. Den behandlar även hur globala organisationer kan skapa en internationell jämställdhetsstrategi och hur jämställdhetsarbetet skiljer sig mellan fyra länder. Tidigare forskning har fokuserat på jämställdhet som ett fristående ämne och det finns få modeller som adresserar jämställdhetsarbete i globala organisationer och som effektivt hanterar jämställdhetens komplexitet över olika kulturer och affärsenheter. Genom att kartlägga aktuell forskning inom jämställdhet, förändringsledning och kulturhantering, föreslår denna uppsats ett ramverk för förändring som hanterar könens inherent subjektiva karaktär tillsammans med de globala organisationernas tvärkulturella komplexitet. Resultaten, analysen och diskussionen baseras på en litteraturöversikt som sammanfattar komponenterna i ramverket och intervjuer med två svenska multinationella företag, ett byggföretag och ett gruvbolag. De länder som analyseras är: Tjeckien, Sverige, Storbritannien och USA. Genom en analys utifrån ramverket indikerar resultaten ett ökande gap mellan olika affärsenheter i hela organisationen, trots en total ökning av jämställdheten inom organisationerna. Ramverket tyder på att informella system måste adresseras tydligare och att centraliserade initiativ behöver anpassas bättre utifrån geopolitiska sammanhang för att kunna förändringen ska vara relevant för de olika enheterna. Problemets karaktär tyder på att det hanteras av en formgivande typ av strategi med tonvikt på internationella nätverk som är avsedda för frågan. Likheterna mellan jämställdhetsspecifika modeller, utvalda förändringsmodeller och kulturella beskrivande modeller visar att det är möjligt att sammanfoga insikter från olika akademiska områden till att bli mer sammanhängande. Att utnyttja definitionen av kön och bekräfta den subjektiva karaktären av jämställdhet leder till strategimodeller och kulturella beskrivningar som - oberoende av jämställdhetsarbete - bekräftar och stärker de viktigaste delarna från varje modell. Forskningen visar att det finns överlappande intressen och intresseområden mellan akademin och industrin, vilket är något som kan vidareutvecklas.
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Brazzarola, Anna <1995>. "Sviluppo sostenibile and Gender Equality." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18622.
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La tesi sviluppa il tema del Gender inequality o disuguaglianza di genere, il quinto dei diciassette obiettivi di sviluppo sostenibile dell’Agenda 2030 che ancora oggi presenta le maggiori lacune. In questo elaborato, dopo aver introdotto nel primo capitolo lo sviluppo sostenibile, i suoi pilastri e la sua evoluzione nel tempo, andremo ad approfondire proprio l’SDG n.5 andando a toccare alcuni dei moltissimi temi riguardanti le differenze di trattamento tra uomo e donna prendendo in considerazione diversi ambiti. La parte centrale della tesi analizza tre indicatori comunemente utilizzati per misurare e monitorare la disugualianza di genere a livello globale e per l’Europa, il Global Gender Gap Index, il Gender Pay Gap Index, e il Gender Equality Index. La tesi presenta un’analisi descrittiva e comparativa di questi indicatori nel tempo e in vari Paesi. Analizzeremo anche la situazione della donna considerando l’ambito politico e quello della sua posizione ricoperta all’interno delle società. L’ultimo capitolo analizza come la pandemia da Covid-19 ha influenzato diverse dimensioni che concorrono al raggiungimento del gender inequality, facendo una valutazione qualitativa di come le lacune già rilevate negli anni precedenti probabilmente saranno ulteriormente ampliate.
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Falkung, Annie. "The Europeanization of gender equality : A study on EU influence on Swedish gender equality legislation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-18124.
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Sweden has since the membership of the European Union established a new Discrimination act and this thesis aim is to discuss if the EU could be a factor that influenced Sweden to that change. This is done through a discussion of how the EU is mentioned in the preparatory works. Preparatory works are used by the Swedish government in policy making before deciding on a new law and is to give a better understanding to the theoretical background and how the policy-making process deals with the effects of the EU policy at national level. To help explain how the EU could be an influential factor the theory of Europeanization and State-feminist theory are applied. These theories are also discussed further on the role norm entrepreneurs’ play and how they use the EU as an opportunity structure. Through the theory of Europeanization it is explained how the he EU directives have been implemented without any adoptational problems and with Sweden meeting the goals of the directives, national legislation has been developed further. Through the governmental bills, signs show that the EU can be a factor of influence in national legislation in Sweden. It has not, however, been stated that the changes of the acts to the current Discrimination act is done by effects of the European Union.
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Sörlin, Ann. "Health and the elusive gender equality : Can the impact of gender equality on health be measured?" Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-46298.
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Background: All over the world men and women show different health patterns, and therecan be many and various reasons for these differences. This thesis therefore evaluates theimpact of gender equality on health. To do this, we must be able to measure gender equality.In this thesis, we develop two new measurements of gender equality and evaluate the relationshipbetween gender equality and health. Methods: Two cross-sectional studies, one register-based and one survey study, are used tocompare different measurements of gender equality and different measurements of health,and the relationship between them. Differences between men and women in relation to healthoutcome are also discussed in the thesis. The register study, comprising 1 097 202 individuals,is based on public registers and includes information on workplace, income, sickness absence,full-time/part-time work, level of education, parental leave and temporary parental leave.A gender equality measurement, the Organizational Gender Gap Index or OGGI, was constructedand 123 companies in two sectors were ranked using the index. Employees in 21 of the mostand least gender-equal companies were invited to participate in a survey. A second genderequality index was constructed based on respondents’ own reports regarding gender equalityin their partner relationship. The variables measured were income, full-time/part-time work,educational level, and responsibilities for and sharing of household duties and parental leave.Both indices were evaluated using the single question: How gender equal is your workplace/your relationship with your partner? The four measurements were dichotomized and testedfor a relationship to health. Health was measured by three different measurements: registerbasedsickness absence, self-reported sickness absence in the past year, and self-rated health. Results: The thesis has produced two new measurements of gender equality, described above.On gender equality in the partner relationship, we found a difference between men and women.Men perceive higher gender equality than they report, while women report more gender equalitythan they perceive. When it comes to gender equality at work, we found that employees perceivetheir company to be more gender equal than the OGGI index shows. This thesis confirms thefindings that men have better health than women regardless of measurement. However, inthis study we also found that increased gender equality decreases these differences. If employeesperceive their company to be gender equal, they have higher odds of rating their health asgood, and this is especially so for women. Conclusion: This thesis supports the hypothesis that differences in health between men andwomen can be related to a lack of gender equality. When men and women have differentpossibilities and power to shape society and their own lives, their health will be affected throughembodiment of both biological and sociological determinants in accordance with the eco-socialtheory. Increased gender equality will decrease the differences in health between men andwomen through convergence. The theory of convergence explains why men and women areaffected differently by greater gender equality. Greater gender equality will also decrease thesocial injustice between men and women and improve justice in accordance with the theoryof justice to gender.The differences found between the indices and the single question on perceived genderequality make clear the need for “hard facts” as an complement to people’s own views on gender equality.
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Paakkulainen, Karoliina. "Promoting gender equality through EU law." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-127739.
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Styodana, Asya. "Challenges on implementing gender equality policy." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/52329.
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Striving for gender equality in private organisations has become a critical issue that is important to women, organisational leaders, organisations and has gained credence on a national level. Preliminary research indicated that the advancement of women to decision making roles in private organisations remains slow. This led to the exploration of reasons for private organisations challenges in implementing gender equality policies effectively. This research report mainly explored the existing literature on gender equality, the quota system, organisational and leadership roles in promoting gender equality.
This research collected data using one-on-one, in-depth, semi-structured interviews from a sample of 18 diverse participants ranging from senior to executive managers across different races and genders from a listed large South African private business.
The research found that gender equality policy implementation challenges stem from organisations and leaders not being accountable, responsible and committed to gender equality initiatives. The research also found that organisational and leadership beliefs, practices and behaviours impact the implementation of gender equality policies in organisations. The organisational environment, culture and societal elements were also found to be influential in the implementation of gender equality policies in organisations. Lastly, the gender equality quota system was found to be one of the most currently debated policies, as organisations can be forced to ensure gender balanced management in their organisations in those countries that currently do not use the quota system, such as South Africa.
The research was conducted in one large organisation. Therefore, the conclusions drawn from the research may be limited. The findings also revealed that the country s circumstances i.e. history, may influence the implementation of gender equality policies.
The purpose of this study was to understand these organisational challenges on gender equality, in order to contribute to the body of knowledge on Gender, Work and Organisation.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
ms2016
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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Baker, Marzena. "Gender equality in project-based organisations." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/205245/1/Marzena_Baker_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis is a mixed methods research study that focuses on the evaluation of gender equality in the project-based organisations. It aimed to explore how gender equality initiatives affect representation of women at various levels of organisations and to understand the impact of women’s representation on organisational outcomes. It also aimed to explore the issues of selection and implementation of HR initiatives designed to address equality and diversity. This research extends our knowledge of the effectiveness of gender equality initiatives on women’s representation and the organisational practices in the selection and implementation of formal HR initiatives designed to address it.
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Pivetta, Michela <1990>. "Corporate social responsibility and gender equality." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16241.
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The purpose of this thesis is to present an overview of the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and gender equality. By analysing the concept of social responsibility of the corporation and the barriers mostly encountered by women in the workplace, it shows how Corporate Social Responsibility might help in organizational and social change.
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Bishop, Christopher J. "Exploring Gender Roles and Gender Equality within the Evangelical Church." Thesis, Chapman University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13814514.
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This research aims to facilitate better understanding of perceptions of gender roles and gender equality among members of the Evangelical Church and to determine whether these perceptions differ by gender. The evangelical community?s ideologies and values have come to shape social and political dialogues within the United States. A key component of the faith is understanding the role each member plays within his or her family unit and community at large. The evangelical faith?s organizational structure and ideologies are informed by a patriarchal model that?s placed women at internal and structural odds, based on research exploring evangelically informed organizations. However, there is a gap in literature related to gender roles and equality within the faith, and how these perceptions may differ by gender and the influence a church?s organizational structure may have on these perceptions. This process involved the examination of perceptions of gender among evangelical Christians in a nationally representative sample. These findings informed a series of questions designed to explore, at greater depth on a regional level, the views of evangelicals regarding gender roles and gender equality within their organizations. The study provided a multidimensional construct of how the evangelical community defines themselves, understands gender roles and gender equality, and how these definitions affirm and conflict with definitions outside of the church as well as their own church?s leadership and organizational structure.
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Bishop, Christopher. "Exploring Gender Roles and Gender Equality within the Evangelical Church." Chapman University Digital Commons, 2019. https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/education_dissertations/1.
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This research aims to facilitate better understanding of perceptions of gender roles and gender equality among members of the Evangelical Church and to determine whether these perceptions differ by gender. The evangelical community’s ideologies and values have come to shape social and political dialogues within the United States. A key component of the faith is understanding the role each member plays within his or her family unit and community at large. The evangelical faith’s organizational structure and ideologies are informed by a patriarchal model that’s placed women at internal and structural odds, based on research exploring evangelically informed organizations. However, there is a gap in literature related to gender roles and equality within the faith, and how these perceptions may differ by gender and the influence a church’s organizational structure may have on these perceptions. This process involved the examination of perceptions of gender among evangelical Christians in a nationally representative sample. These findings informed a series of questions designed to explore, at greater depth on a regional level, the views of evangelicals regarding gender roles and gender equality within their organizations. The study provided a multidimensional construct of how the evangelical community defines themselves, understands gender roles and gender equality, and how these definitions affirm and conflict with definitions outside of the church as well as their own church’s leadership and organizational structure.
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Forti, Sarah. "Refocusing gender equality on gender justice : a critique of the politics of gender equality interpretation in the field of international development assistance." Thesis, University of Kent, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589947.
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'Refocusing Gender Equality on Gender Justice: A Critique of the Politics of Gender Equality Interpretation in the Field of International Development Assistance' is a critical analysis of the interpretation of gender equality in the field of IDA. The various interpretations examined are extracted from key spheres composing the field of IDA, such as the theory, international legislation and international policy, donor and national policy and the programme sphere at field level.
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Böhlen, Marc-André, and Thierry Hirschi. "Chocolate, Cheese and Gender Equality? : How Switzerland’s national culture influences the implementation of gender equality policies in companies." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-74875.
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Gender equality is one of the most topical issues of all. Many researchers around the world are addressing the issue of equal opportunities in the labour market and are looking for ways to ensure this in all sectors of the economy. This paper addresses this issue and aims to gain a deep understanding of the influence of a national culture on the implementation of gender equality policies within companies. With the help of a qualitative research method, the various factors of culture were examined and their relationship to the gender-specific understanding of a society analysed. The findings show the effects on companies operating in Switzerland and combine the experience of case companies with the literature already available. In order to test and further explore this combination, the authors of the thesis opted for an abductive research approach to repeatedly expand understanding with new literature and develop a more relevant comprehension of the influence of culture. The entire literature research finally created a framework that shows the links between the various theories and provides a clear overview of the background. With the help of selected case companies, important insights could be gained and with this empirical data, a detailed analysis for a better understanding of the influence of cultures on the implementation of gender equality policies could be achieved. These findings, combined with the existing theory and theoretical synthesis, provide a clear analysis and finally provide the reader with an insight into the implications, recommendations and limitations as well as suggestions for further research. Culture has a major influence on the implementation of gender equality policies. This paper shows how the various companies in Switzerland approach this influence and how Swedish companies with business operations in Switzerland in particular are pushing ahead with the implementation of policies for equality between women and men. This can give companies in Switzerland an indication of how they have to deal with cultural conditions within a country and how they can make optimum use of these for their human resource management.
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Doucet, Andrea. "Gender equality, gender differences and care : towards understanding gendered labour in British dual earner households." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260429.
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Heinrich, Richard Felix. "A Gender Equality Comparison Switzerland and Norway /." St. Gallen, 2008. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/05610068002/$FILE/05610068002.pdf.
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Campa, Pamela. "Media Influence on Pollution, and Gender Equality." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-89274.
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This thesis consists of three essays. The first essay, "Press and Leaks: Do Newspapers Reduce Toxic Emissions?", uses data on plant-level emissions in 2001-2009 from the Toxic Release Inventory of the US Environmental Protection Agency, coupled with data on location and content of newspapers, to investigate whether media coverage induces firms to reduce toxic emissions. The results show that an increase in Newspapers Density, that is the number of newspapers nearby the plant, raises the press coverage of the plant's toxic emissions and reduces the amount of these emissions. This association is larger in industries exposed to consumer pressure and in counties subjected to extreme negative health outcomes. The second essay, "Gender Quotas, Female Politicians and Public Expenditures: Quasi-Experimental Evidence", estimates the effect of gender quotas on the election of female politicians and on public finance decisions in Spanish municipalities, using a Before-After Regression Discontinuity Design. Gender quotas have increased the percentage of female candidates and also, but to a lower extent, the percentage of female councilors. The difference between the two effects is due to the strategic positioning of candidates within lists. The effect of quotas on the election of female mayors and on the size and composition of municipal expenditures is not statistically different from zero. The third essay, "Are attitudes endogenous to political regimes? Beliefs about working women in state-socialist countries", studies whether individual beliefs about gender roles are endogenous to political regimes, using a Difference-in-Differences analysis. The results suggest a significant difference in the evolution of attitudes towards gender roles between Europeans in state-socialist countries and other Europeans during the period 1947-1991. Central and Eastern Europeans who formed their attitudes during state socialism seem more likely to hold progressive beliefs regarding working women.
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MariÌn, Rosa Elena Riaño. "Women's empowerment : an avenue to gender equality?" Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427143.
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The aim of this research is to investigate whether and how women's financial contributions to household resources might lead to changes in gender relations. It feeds directly into current concerns about women's empowerment and gender equality which are on the agenda of international and national bodies, scholars and development practitioners and is anchored in the debate about the importance of women's income-earning activities for achieving gender equality. The research focuses on relationships between women and men in a poor rural settlement in northeastern Mexico. The thesis details the negotiating and bargaining processes between women and men in 23 households and examines how these relationships and the identities of the women and men involved are influenced by the context in which they are embedded. This context includes the community itself as well as government policy as experienced through income generating projects, and wider Mexican cultural norms. The research findings support the argument that incomeearning activities alone will not result in the changes often sought by development practitioners and feminists, and now also by governments worldwide. Wider changes in the cultural and economic environment are also needed to change the perceptions of self and others that individuals bring to their gender relations. These changes in perception are central to maintaining or reinforcing changes in gendered power relations. The research findings pointed to no significant changes in women's and men's identities, and motherhood continues to be the only source of power for rural women whose economic contributions are under-valued. The structures of power within which poor rural women, with a limited resource base and limited social networks, carry out their income-earning activities do not create an enabling environment for transformatory changes to occur in their gender relations
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Kovacs, Erika. "Gender Equality in Virtual Work I.: Risks." Labour Law Department of Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6835/1/A_06_KovacsE_hllj_2018_1.pdf.
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This article focuses on gender equality in virtual work, taking special account of the regulatory
challenges. It contributes to broader debates on the workers' situation in the sharing economy in two
ways. Firstly, it makes an inaugural attempt to evaluate the implications of the new forms of work in
the sharing economy for female virtual workers, looking at the issue of equal treatment. Secondly, it
offers preliminary suggestions regarding a future regulation to improve equality between genders in
virtual work.
The paper is divided into four main parts. The first section defines "virtual work", classifies its two
basic forms and emphasises the specific traits of this form of work to demonstrate the need of special
protection against discrimination. Secondly, the paper identifies the possible beneficial and adverse
implications of virtual work for female workers and gender equality. Thirdly, the paper provides a
summary of the gender equality law of the European Union that serves as a point of reference when
speaking about antidiscrimination law. Section 4 offers three normative perspectives and suggestions
as to how to enhance gender equality in virtual work. Finally, the paper concludes.
This first part of this two-part paper concentrates on the risks of virtual work for equal treatment,
while the second part is going to address the regulatory options and suggestions.
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Lezis, Israelsson Jennifer. "Sexism and gender equality at trade shows." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-33071.
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Sultan, Tipu. "Gender Equality a case study of Sweden : Gender Equality Gender Equity and policies of combating inequality at workplace to make the society equal." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Sociologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-5726.
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The paper analyses Gender Equality, Gender Equity and policies of combating inequality at workplace to make the society equal as a case study of Sweden. The aim of paper is see the gender equality, gender equity, discrimination against women at workplace and to describe the policies combating inequality in the welfare state of Sweden. This work highlights the gender equality in terms of institutionalizing gender equality, gender equity, gender and pay gap, parental leave, gender and the pension system and sexual behavior directed towards women and policies combating inequality to bring equality in society. For my research I used the secondary data the fact sheets, scientific literature, statistics from eurostate of Sweden and case studies about Swedish society and the theoretical explanation to explain the phenomena. To achieve my aim I used the combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods of research. I showed the empirical evidences of these phenomena from the Swedish society and theoretical analysis about equality and equity of gender in different wakes of life. I found an interesting conclusion that there are good policies and legislation to combat inequality to bring society but there are no policies to change the perception of society about male and female role.
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Blomqvist, Linnéa. "Gender Quotas in the Constitution : A method to achieve gender equality?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-154135.
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Drawing on earlier research and theories regarding female political representation and its effects on gender equality, the attempt in this study is to investigate whether political gender quotas, legislated in the constitution, has a positive association and effect on gender equality in a society. A substantial number of studies supports the notion that quotas increase female representation in the political context. Yet, few studies examine gender quotas effect on women’s everyday life. The study investigates the variation in gender equality amongst new democracies where countries with gender quotas are compared to countries without. The overall findings appoint that political gender quotas demonstrate more far-reaching effects than to increase the number of women elected. Having a high female representation does affect women’s everyday life and a quota will increase gender equality in a society. This should be regarded as a solid argument in favour of an implementation of a gender quota. Additionally, the results from this study indicate that Anne Phillips theory the Politics of Presence, which points out the importance of having high female representation, does exert an effect.
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Lewis, Ellen D. "Gendered systemic analysis : systems thinking and gender equality in international development." Thesis, University of Hull, 2016. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:14575.
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Systemic intervention (Midgley, 2000) and Feminist Systems Thinking (Stephens, 2013a), both branches of Critical Systems Thinking, have been used widely to improve social and organisational systems. According to Midgley (2000), a systemic intervention can be defined as a “…purposeful action by an agent to create change” (113, emphasis original). Building on Midgley’s work, Stephens (2013a) created a non-hierarchical “… framework for feminist systems thinking, as a set of five principles that provide common sense guidelines for applied research and social action…” (8, emaphsis added). Presently, the small amount of gendered systemic research is troubling in a world where no country has achieved gender equality. The purpose of this research is to conduct a participatory systemic intervention working in partnership with a U.S. non-governmental agency in Washington D.C. in the United States, and Nicaragua in Central America, I conducted a feminist systemic intervention in an international development organisation. This study found that a more structured systemic intervention method, currently named Gendered Systemic Analysis, was needed to support stakeholders in identifying potential improvements in their businesses: previous work on Feminist Systems Thinking left too much of a gap between theory and practice. In this research, I follow Midgley’s (2011:11-12) use of ‘method’ as: “as a set of techniques operated in a sequence (or sometimes iteratively) to achieve a given purpose. GSA uses a boundary critique process, which concentrates attention on gender, nature and voices from the margin as a means to create social change. The contribution of this research deepened the understanding of how to empower individuals and groups to engage with systemic thinking and contextualise its theoretical and methodological underpinnings into a local knowledge generating systems leading to more sustainable change.
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Lanza, Chiara <1997>. "Gender equality e policy-making. Analisi sull'efficacia delle politiche di genere." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21361.
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L’elaborato si propone di discutere le politiche implementate sul mercato del lavoro per favorire l’impiego e l’inclusione della forza lavoro femminile, evidenziando l’efficacia (o meno) delle pratiche in un contesto socio-culturale ancora fortemente esposto a stereotipi e discriminazioni nei confronti del genere femminile.
La tesi è articolata in cinque capitoli. Il primo capitolo propone un excursus storico sulla storia della discriminazione di genere, descrivendo come secoli di cultura e società abbiano attuato una segregazione lavorativa della forza lavoro femminile che oggi necessità dell’implementazione di politiche pubbliche e private per favorire una crescita economica paritaria.
Il secondo capitolo discute il rapporto che intercorre tra formazione scolastica e accademica e parità di genere, spiegando come l’assunzione di stereotipi possa essere condizionata dal contesto scolastico e, di riflesso, influenzare le scelte lavorative future.
ll terzo capitolo si concentra sull'analisi delle politiche di genere, in particolare sulle gender policies a implementazione indiretta, come le family policies, e sul momento cruciale della genitorialità e su come esso possa impattare sulla carriera e sull’identità della donna
Il quarto capitolo è dedicato alle politiche di genere a implementazione diretta, ossia le politiche espressamente ideate per far fronte all’inclusione di genere. Il capitolo analizza le gender quotas e altre iniziative utili all’inclusione e allo sviluppo dell’empowerment femminile, come il mentoring e il networking.
Il quinto e ultimo capitolo analizza le condizioni attuali di discriminazione di genere nelle industrie creative e culturali, ipotizzando come si possa far fronte alle problematiche presenti a fronte di quanto discusso nei capitoli precedenti, tenendo conto delle peculiarità di un settore come quello delle ICC.
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Quinn, Mary. "The process and outcomes of equality officer investigation under the Employment Equality Act,1977." Thesis, Keele University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268328.
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Armstrong, Chris. "Complex equality and sexual inequality." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367936.
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Nollenberger, Castro Natalia. "Three Empirical Essays on Gender Equality and Education." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/125719.
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El objetivo de esta tesis es aportar nueva evidencia empírica sobre tres temas de gran importancia en las áreas de Economía de Género y Economía de la Educación. La tesis consiste en tres ensayos con una marcada orientación empírica. En el primer ensayo se analiza el efecto de proveer servicios de guardería universales sobre la participación de las madres en el mercado de trabajo. Para ello se utiliza un marco cuasi-experimental derivado de una reforma educativa llevada a cabo en España a inicios de los noventa y que amplió la educación preescolar pública en horario completo a los niños de 3 años. Utilizando datos de la Encuesta de Población Activa española, se aplica el método de Diferencias-en-Diferencias y de Diferencias-en-Diferencias-en-Diferencias. Los resultados sugieren que dicha política habría tenido un efecto moderado sobre la probabilidad de empleo de las madres. Sin embargo, los análisis de persistencia y heterogeneidad revelan que la política habría contribuido a reducir la depreciación del capital humano, en tanto los efectos actuales y de mediano plazo son mayores entre las madres con secundaria completa y aquellas de mayor edad. En el segundo ensayo se utiliza el marco cuasi-experimental que surge de la misma reforma educativa para analizar si la introducción de educación pública preescolar para niños de 3 años influye en el rendimiento cognitivo de los niños al final de la escolaridad obligatoria. Para ello se aplica un modelo de Diferencias-en-Diferencias utilizando datos de las pruebas PISA 2003, 2006 y 2009 para España. Los resultados sugieren que la asistencia a preescolar mejora el desempeño en las pruebas de lectura y matemáticas a los 15 años y reduce la probabilidad de repetición en primaria y secundaria. El efecto es mayor entre las niñas y entre aquellos que provienen de hogares más desfavorecidos. En el tercer ensayo se analiza el papel de la cultura como determinante de las diferencias en el desempeño educativo por género. Investigaciones recientes encuentran que en los países con mayor igualdad de género las niñas tienen un desempeño relativo mejor en las pruebas de matemática y lectura. Sin embargo, la interrelación entre las instituciones y las normas no permite separar rigurosamente el efecto de la cultura del efecto de las instituciones. En este ensayo se avanza en este sentido y se analiza la brecha en el desempeño educativo por género entre inmigrantes de segunda generación viviendo en un mismo país de acogida. Esta estrategia empírica, conocida como enfoque "epidemiológico", explota el hecho de que los hijos de inmigrantes han crecido bajo la influencia de las instituciones del país de acogida pero sus creencias es probable que estén influidas por las del país de origen de sus padres. Para ello se utilizan los resultados de las pruebas PISA de varios países y se testea si existe una relación entre la brecha en el desempeño educativo por género de inmigrantes de diferentes orígenes viviendo en un mismo país de acogida y el grado de igualdad de género en su país de origen. Los resultados indican que a mayor igualdad de género en el país de origen, mejor es el rendimiento educativo de las niñas inmigrantes en relación con los niños, sugiriendo que la cultura juega también un papel en explicar las diferencias en el desempeño educativo por género.The aim of this dissertation is to provide new empirical evidence on three issues of high relevance within the fields of Gender Economics and Economics of Education. The dissertation consists of three essays with a marked empirical orientation. In the first essay I analyze the effect of free childcare provision on maternal employment. For this, I use a quasi-experimental framework that arise from an educational reform carried out in Spain during the 1990s, which expanded the pubic full time pre-school education to children of 3 years old. Using data from the Spanish Labor Force Survey, I apply a Differences-in-Differences and a Differences-in-Differences-in-Differences approach. The results suggest a modest effect of childcare provision on maternal employment. Nonetheless, persistence and heterogeneity analysis reveals that the program seems to work by reducing the depreciation of mothers' human capital as current and medium-run effects are strongest among mothers with a high-school degree and older mothers. The second essay exploits the quasi-experimental framework that arise from the same educational reform to analyze whether the introduction of public preschool education for 3-year olds can significantly influence children's cognitive performance by the end of mandatory schooling. Using the 2003, 2006 and 2009 Spanish PISA data sets, I apply a Differences-in-Differences approach and find sizable improvements in children’s reading and math skills at age 15, as well as in grade progression during primary and secondary school. Effects are driven by girls and disadvantaged children. The third essay analyzes the role of culture in explaining the educational gender gap. Recent studies find that in more gender-equal countries, girls tend to perform relatively better than boys in mathematics and reading scores. However, the interrelationship between institutions and norms makes it difficult to disentangle the effect of culture versus that of institutions. Following the epidemiological approach, this essay goes a step further and look at how second-generation immigrant girls and boys perform in school according to the prevailing gender roles in their parents' country of origin. This approach exploits the fact that immigrants' children have lived under the institutions and markets of the host country but their culture are likely to be influenced by the culture of their parents who grew up under a different institutional framework. The empirical analysis uses multi-country PISA data sets and examines the relationship between the gender gap in tests scores of second-generation immigrants living in the same host country and the degree of gender equality in their country of origin. I find that the higher the degree of gender equality in the country of origin the better the performance of second-generation immigrant girls relative to boys, suggesting that culture matters in explaining gender differences in the educational attainment.
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Olivius, Elisabeth. "Governing Refugees through Gender Equality : Care, Control, Emancipation." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-96379.
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In recent decades, international feminist activism and research has had significant success in pushing gender issues onto the international agenda and into global governance institutions and processes. The goal of gender equality is now widely accepted and codified in international legal instruments. While this appears to be a remarkable global success for feminism, widespread gender inequalities persist around the globe. This paradox has led scholars to question the extent to which feminist concepts and goals can retain their transformative potential when they are institutionalized in global governance institutions and processes. This thesis examines the institutionalization of feminist ideas in global governance through an analysis of how, and with what effects, gender equality norms are constructed, interpreted and applied in the global governance of refugees: a field that has thus far received little attention in the growing literature on feminism, gender and global governance. This aim is pursued through a case study of humanitarian aid practices in refugee camps in Bangladesh and Thailand. The study is based on interviews with humanitarian workers in these two contexts, and its theoretical framework is informed by postcolonial feminist theory and Foucauldian thought on power and governing. These analytical perspectives allows the thesis to capture how gender equality norms operate as governing tools, and situate the politics of gender equality in refugee camps in the context of global relations of power and marginalization. The findings of this thesis show that in the global governance of refugees, gender equality is rarely treated as a goal in its own right. The construction, interpretation and application of gender equality norms is mediated and shaped by the dominant governing projects in this field. Gender equality norms are either advocated on the basis of their usefulness as means for the efficient management of refugee situations, or as necessary components of a process of modernization and development of the regions from which refugees originate. These governing projects significantly limit the forms of social change and the forms of agency that are enabled. Nevertheless, gender equality norms do contribute to opening up new opportunities for refugee women and destabilizing local gendered relations of power, and they are appropriated and used by refugees in ways that challenge and go beyond humanitarian agendas.
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Kobatake, Kikuka. "Gender equality and women's pension rights in Japan." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2008. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2949/.
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In recent years, derived pensions for housewives have drawn criticisms in Japan as a gender bias for the male breadwinner/female homemaker households. Many prominent feminists support measures to remove or curtail these arrangements in favour of a gender neutral pension system. Nonetheless, it is an open question whether redressing gender assumptions in the pension system can help redressing another form of gender inequality, that is, gender gap in pensions and women's greater vulnerability to poverty in old age. The purpose of this study is to reconsider the 'women's pension problem' by unravelling the ways in which it is perceived and to reframe the policy issue so that the definition of the problem can better accommodate concerns about economic security in old age for women. Building on the insights of feminist scholarship on women's social citizenship, this study explores, firstly, why concerns about gender inequality in pension outcomes have failed to impinge on the political agenda as a primary problem to be tackled in Japan, despite increasing cries for gender equality in the nation, and secondly, what are the implications of this neglect for women's economic welfare in old age and gender equality in outcome. In so doing, published governmental documents, deliberations in the Diet and reports from key advisory committees are closely analysed in order to examine the changes and continuities of the 'women's pension problem'. In the latter part of the thesis, income statistics and pension simulations are used to explore the implications of recent pension reforms for women's equal pension rights and women's economic welfare in old age. The findings caution against the moves to remove or curtail derived benefits for dependent spouses as well as point to the need to distinguish gender neutralisation and assimilation to male gender model in the pursuit of greater gender equality.
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Withey, D. R. "Opportunities for gender equality in design and technology." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341053.
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Kovacs, Erika. "Gender Equality in Virtual Work II.: Regulatory Suggestions." Labour Law Department of Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6848/1/A_01_EKovacs_hllj_2018_2.pdf.
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This article focuses on gender equality in virtual work, taking special account of the regulatory
challenges. It contributes to broader debates on the workers' situation in the sharing economy in two
ways. Firstly, it makes an inaugural attempt to evaluate the implications of the new forms of work in
the sharing economy for female virtual workers, looking at the issue of equal treatment. Secondly, it
offers preliminary suggestions regarding a future regulation to improve equality between genders in
virtual work.
This is the second part of a paper on gender equality in virtual work. The first part (published in
the 2018/1 issue of the Hungarian Labour Law E-Journal) defined "virtual work", classified its two
basic forms and emphasised the specific traits of this form of work to demonstrate the need of special
protection against discrimination. Subsequently, it identified the possible beneficial and adverse
implications of virtual work for female workers and gender equality.
This second part firstly provides a summary of the gender equality law of the European Union
that serves as a point of reference when speaking about antidiscrimination law. Section 2 offers three
normative perspectives and suggestions as to how to enhance gender equality in virtual work. Finally,
the paper concludes.
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Rustin, Carmine Jianni. "Gender equality and happiness among South African women." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6511.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDHave South African women's lives become happier since the transition to democracy? If they are, could this be linked to gender equality? This is the central question of this study. This study explored a group of women’s subjective experiences of gender equality, by which I mean equality on the basis of gender; and happiness, which refers to women’s life satisfaction and their affective state. It further explores whether gender equality and happiness are linked. The study assumed that everything being equal, endeavours to liberate women from patriarchy and towards gender equality enhance women’s happiness. 1994 ushered in a democratic South Africa and numerous legislative and policy changes were introduced that affect women. Considerable gains have been made at the constitutional and political levels for women’s equality and gender justice. This is reflected in the rankings of South Africa on many different indices. Yet, we see numerous challenges facing women including poverty and gender-based violence. This study examined whether the presence of a range of policies as well as affirmative and protective measures for women have impacted on how they experience their lives. In particular, do they feel that they are happy and do they see happiness as linked to gender equality efforts? Given the research question, this study was grounded within a feminist framework. A mixed methods approach utilising both qualitative and quantitative methods was employed.
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Westwood, Susan Linda. "Ageing, gender and sexuality : equality in later life." Thesis, Keele University, 2015. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/2582/.
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In this thesis I explore how ageing, gender and sexuality intersect to influence equality in later life, in relation to older lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals and non-labelling individuals in same-gender relationships (LGBN). In particular I argue that temporality and spatiality shape uneven outcomes in later life by informing the discursive and performative production of ageing, gender and sexuality, which in turn influence access to resources, recognition and representation in older age contexts. Taking a feminist socio-legal perspective, my thesis addresses four questions: 1) How are the lives of older LGBN individuals framed in regulatory contexts?; 2) How do these regulatory frameworks inform ageing LGBN subjectivities and kinship formations?; 3) What are the main concerns of older LGBN individuals in relation to ageing?; and 4) How are the lives and concerns of older LGBN individuals represented by activists working on their behalves? To address these questions, I analyse the regulatory contexts relevant to LGBN ageing (Chapter Two). Methodologically, I expand understandings of ageing, gender and sexuality in later life through utilising qualitative data from interviews with older LGBN individuals and activists working on their behalves (Chapter Three). I analyse data from these interviews to consider: LGBN ageing subjectivities (Chapter Four), kinship constructions (Chapter Five) and anticipated care futures (Chapter Six), and to explore activists’ representations of older LGBN individuals’ lives, issues and concerns (Chapter Seven). In the final chapter I consider the implications for social policy and future research (Chapter Eight).
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Abdo, Dina Taha Hussien. "Effects of IMF Conditional Loans on Gender Equality." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu162086139444451.
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Юрко, Ю. В. "The issue of gender equality and women’s empowerment." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/43730.
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"The attitude to men and women is completely different in every society”. Such conclusion was made by the development program of the United Nations in 1997.
More than 60 years ago in 1948 the UN General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which stated that every person regardless of gender has the same rights and freedoms[1]. However in 1997 the report about human development says that no state is successful in achieving this goal. However the level of "underachievement" varies in each country. But still the Nordic countries such as Sweden, Norway and Iceland are famous as the states in which the level of gender inequality is the smallest. In developing countries however women are often faced with injustice which is sometimes difficult to understand. So we decided to describe and explore 5 the most common examples of gender inequality all around the world.
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BONK, Alica Ida. "Essays on trade, fiscal policy and gender equality." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/69001.
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Defence date: 23 November 2020Examining Board: Prof. Evi Pappa (University Carlos III of Madrid); Prof. Leonardo Melosi (European University Institute and Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago); Prof. Sarantis Kalyvitis (Athens University of Economics and Business); Prof. Antonio Navas (University of Sheffield)
Chapter 1 introduces a new data set containing daily trade policy statements issued by government agencies between 2007 and 2019. Entries are classified along several dimensions: the direction of the policy change, the stage of the reform, and the initiating country. I argue that combining this narrative information with stock market data allows to identify unanticipated trade policy shocks. Stock returns generated around statement releases vary by firms' trade exposure and provide timely signals on the sign and size of trade policy changes. Furthermore, US exporters' stocks only respond to official statements but not to trade-related tweets by Donald Trump, demonstrating the ability to filter out particularly noisy signals. Chapter 2 builds on Chapter 1 and analyzes the short- and medium-term effects of trade policy on the US economy. Estimating impulse response functions by local projections, we uncover interesting asymmetries and non-linearities depending on the sign and size of trade policy shocks. Moreover, firm investment, unemployment and consumption react more strongly to shocks caused by trade partners rather than by the US. In addition, we show that implementations elicit more significant responses than announcements. Uncertain about whether policymakers will follow through with announced policy changes, firms and households take a "wait and see" approach. Chapter 3 turns to a different topic. Men typically bear the brunt of recessions due to stronger cyclicality of their employment and wages relative to women's. We study whether fiscal policy may offset or worsen these asymmetries across genders. Using US micro-level data, we find that men are hurt or benefit less than women from increases in major government spending components. This result is largely driven by negative spillovers for men working in the private sector. Our analysis highlights that fiscal expansions cannot reconcile both policy goals: offsetting inequitable business cycle effects and closing gender gaps.
-- 1. Combining narrative and stock market data to identify trade policy shocks : evidence from a new database -- 2. The macroeconomic impact of trade policy : a new identification approach -- 3. From he-cession to she-stimulus? The impact of fiscal policy on gender gaps
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Bette, Miriam. "Gender Equality Policies: Results for Social Change? : A comparative discourse analysis on gender equality from two ends of the “aid chain”." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö universitetsbibliotek, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44797.
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The field of international development cooperation has experienced an increasing demand for result-driven management over the last decades. However, a clear consensus of the meaning of ‘ results’ is often lacking in initiatives and projects for social change. As the field functions throughout myriads of contexts and cultures, the demand of results therefore brings upon issues of definitions and discourse, as well as underlying values. The goals and strategies set out to achieve certain results are influenced by assumptions that define the problem definition of the targeted issue. A hierarchy in international development, the so-called aid chain, is determined by who provides funding for cooperation projects. The flow of top-down funding is shown to be accompanied by a flow of top-down policies, that are further accompanied by underlying values, problem definitions, and assumptions. This study inquires whether different notions, assumptions, and problem definitions on gender equality across cultures in the aid chain might disturb result-reporting in international projects. Departing from a postcolonial perspective, the content and discourse of the Swedish feminist foreign policy and steering documents from an Indigenous women’s organization in Guatemala are analysed and compared. Seeing policies and policy-making as a significant communicative tool and practice in the field, this study shows how results, goals, strategies, problem definition and assumptions correlate to each other in result-reporting in international development cooperation projects.
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De, Kretser Kara. "Gender Parity, Gender Equality, and Intersectionality : Public Perceptions of a ‘50:50’ Workforce." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166655.
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Gender parity. Gender equality. Diversity and intersectionality. Are they understood to be one and the same thing? Whilst there is much public data and opinion on economic benefits to having gender parity within organisations and how it can help support women’s empowerment and inclusion in male dominated professional sectors, public perception on the topic may paint a different picture. In this thesis, the social media platform Twitter is used to collect data to conduct a content analysis in order to understand public sentiments in response to one company’s perceived success in their organisational gender parity initiative. That company is American tech organisation, Duolingo. In 2018, Duolingo posted via Twitter that they had achieved a 50:50 male:female ratio in their recruitment of new engineering hires. The response on Twitter reveals that whilst many Twitter users agreed with Duolingo that this was a success, many did not. The Tweets are classified and analysed according to sentiment and coded according to the core topic in their communication – gender parity, gender equality, and diversity and intersectionality - to gain an in-depth understanding into how the public understands and reacts to these concepts. By analysing 275 Tweets through textual and visual analysis, this thesis supports an investigation via case study as to whether or not gender parity is publicly perceived and understood as a positive organisational strategy towards gender equality. Or whether it is seen to be exacerbating gender inequalities and perpetuating gender and intersectional stereotyping, biases and norms.
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Kataja, Mikael. "Fighting Gender Norms : Gender Equality, Masculinity, and the Dynamics of Violence in Conflict." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325032.
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Gender equality is an emerging field in conflict studies, but so far research has mainly focused on the onset of conflict. However, strong correlations between low levels of gender equality and the risk for conflict has been found, which gives encouragement for further research. Other fields have explored the field of gender equality more extensively, and has for example found relationships between attitudes towards gender equality and the prevalence of violence in personal relationships. Building on those findings, this thesis attempts to advance the field of gender equality in conflict studies by examining how attitudes towards gender equality affects the dynamics of violence during conflicts, with the hypothesised relationship that more positive attitudes towards gender equality results in lower levels of violence. This is done through a statistical study of 172 selected cases from different regions and with different ideologies. The suggested mechanism for this relationship is that of traditional gender norms, and in particular traditional ideals of masculinity which are closely associated with violence. While not lending strong support for the all the hypothesised relationship, the results gives some reason for optimism for future research.
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Börjesson, Isabell. "Democracy and Gender Equality in South Africa : A Case Study about South Africa's consolidation of democracy with the perspective of gender equality." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-90860.
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Kobayashi, Yoshie 1955. "A path toward gender equality : state feminism in Japan." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3026.
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This dissertation is the first study of state feminism in a non-western nation state, focusing on the activities and roles of the Women's Bureau of the Ministry of Labor in post-World War II Japan. While state feminism theory possesses a strong capability to examine state-society relationships in terms of feminist policymaking, it tends to neglect a state's activity in improving women's status and rights in non-western nations where the feminist movements are apathetic or antagonistic to the state and where the state also creates a vertical relationship with feminist groups. To apply the state feminism theory to examine activities of a state institute for women in non-Western nations, I created new analytical factors, domestic and international master frames, which show how policymakers and activists collaborate on policymaking at a domestic level and how policymakers utilize international standards to create the domestic master frame. Using the two-level-analysis of domestic and international politics in terms of creation of master frames together with the existing institutional and mobilizing structural variables, this dissertation presents a detailed study of the activities and roles of the Japanese women's bureau as an initiator and facilitator of gender equality in the process of agenda setting for the equal opportunity laws by utilizing international influence to persuade the opposition and as an interest mediator in the process of decision-making for them. The empirical evidence presented also demonstrates that the change of roles arose from the lack of the following factors: 1) limited resources and institutional capability caused by the marginalization of the women's bureau within the government, 2) the lack of a domestic master frame on the issue of gender equality between the women's bureau and women activists, and 3) the lack of mobilizing structures that provide women's groups the access to political decision-making to reflect their opinions. The combination of these factors hindered policymaking on gender equality and created a gradual and incremental progress toward gender equality in Japan. The way to gender equality in Japan is different from the western nations. Yet, this is a way that other non-western nations have also advanced and will follow in.Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 253-274).
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Also available by subscription via World Wide Web
xiii, 274 leaves, bound 29 cm
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Fees, Evelyn Wyoming Hooghe Liesbet. "Making women matter Spain's long road toward gender equality /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1293.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Apr. 25, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of a Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science." Discipline: Political Science; Department/School: Political Science.
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Hjalmsdottir, Andrea. ""Reality bites" : attitudes towards gender equality among Icelandic youth." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/13141.
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Time has been on the side of egalitarian gender attitudes in industrialized Western countries, and Iceland ranks among the highest nations in terms of economic, educational, political and health equality. Although the dominant discourses have supported the idea that gender equality has already been achieved, or will be with the aging and active participation of future generations, serious gender inequalities persist, including a wide gender pay gap and a relatively traditional division of household labour. In stark contrast with dominant discourse, this thesis supports recent research which has found that young people hold less egalitarian views on gender issues than older generations. While old-fashioned essentialist claims of natural gender remain muted in contemporary public discourse in Iceland, a new type of essentialism has emerged that combines conservative gender attitudes with neo-liberal ideas. This study documents attitudes towards gender equality among 10th grade students in Akureyri, Iceland, through a qualitative analysis of five focus group discussions: two all-boys and two all-girls groups plus one mixed group. The participants’ attitudes toward the gendered division of labour within the public and the private sphere are explored in light of the possible influences of pop culture and contemporary neo-liberal and postfeminist discourses.
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Aps, William John Steven. "Indirect discrimination, the individual and the gender equality duty." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.550435.
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This aim of this thesis is to establish a conceptual link between the Gender Equality Duty (GED) and the mechanism of indirect discrimination. The method employed in this exercise is to reconceptualise the Gender Equality Duty as a technique of government that further reconfigures power relations in decision-making. By encouraging, rather than requiring, a gendered approach to decision-making that involves empirical analyses of target populations, and in making this a requirement of uncertain application, the principle effect of the GED is to create indeterminacy in the public sphere. Moreover, this uncertainty surrounds the operation not simply as a negative duty, but as a positive duty to act. This work looks at the relationship between the two methods of addressing discrimination, based upon the locating the individual within the UK equalities framework. The method is to subject the GED to a Foucaultian analysis of govemmentality and power relations. It is suggested that this methodology opens up the possibilities for a new conception of the GED which, further, has implications for indirect discrimination law. The main implication of the interaction between indirect discrimination and the GED is their mutual support based upon the indeterminacy of the GED's extent of application. Further, the interplay between the two legislative provisions gives rise to questions of the conceptualisation of indirect discrimination as a mechanism of impact.
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Perez, Alvaro Martinez. "Couple relationships : the effect of education on gender equality." Thesis, University of Essex, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522090.
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Beck, Rosalind D. "Integration or exclusion? : perceptions of gender equality in policing." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250392.
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Gender equality has been a marginalised topic within policing studies, with a very small pool of academics conducting work on this subject in recent years. This thesis aims to make a contribution to this at both a theoretical and empirical level. This is done by refining and extending theoretical models proposed by previous researchers, in the light of new data on policewomen's and their male colleagues' perceptions of gender equality in policing. Key theories, themes and findings in the thesis relate to organisational change, power and social control, masculinities and exclusion. Some of these concepts have not previously been systematically applied to policewomen's experiences. Other themes which have been applied to women in organisations more generally and on occasion, specifically to women in policing, include: stereotyping, visibility, isolation, sisterhood, double standards, the work-home balance and sexual harassment. These concepts are analysed, reflected in the findings, and extended in the concluding chapters. Previously, where empirical studies have been conducted, these have rarely, if ever, been the subject of follow-up studies using either the same research instruments or the same police service. Such follow-ups are an important method of measuring change over time. This study is thus partly a follow-up study of Jones' (1986) survey of one police service in England and Wales and also, that of Brown's (1991) and Anderson, Brown and Campbell's (1993) studies. Methods employed include a questionnaire survey, interviews and a focus group, using the same police force as Jones (1986), and many of the same questions. Anderson et al's (1993) questionnaire is also drawn upon, with amendments and additions. The study thus synthesises the methods used in two pivotal empirical studies (Jones, 1986; Anderson et al, 1993) on gender equality in the UK in the last two decades, as well as using grounded theory methods to explore emerging priorities in this area. As well as following up earlier work, therefore, the study sets a new baseline for further work. Whilst I found evidence of some improvement in women officers' position since the studies by Jones (1986) and Anderson et al (1993), women are still a marginalised group within policing and experience a range of discriminatory behaviour, some of which may have become more covert in recent years, but some of which is still quite openly expressed and tolerated.
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Vaughan, Rosie Peppin. "Gender equality in education : India's responses to international agendas." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611736.
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Mai, Thi Thuy Dung. "Promoting gender equality in education in Vietnamese high schools." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2015. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4485/.
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This research study examines the issue of gender equality in high schools in Vietnam through the lenses of Vietnamese educators and Vietnamese students and compares the situation in that country with measures taken in England to promote gender equality in education. The sample consisted of staff and students in Vietnam and staff in England. In order to achieve the required in-depth analysis of the social experience of students and educators the research approach employed was qualitative and the main research tools were semi-structured interviews. Data was analysed by the combination of grounded theory and narrative analysis. The main findings of the research were threefold: firstly, dichotomies exist between what Vietnamese educators espouse and what they enact in terms of gender equality, thus revealing a critical disjunction between policy and practice; secondly, embedded gender stereotypes of both educators and students exist in Vietnamese high schools which place women at a disadvantageous position; thirdly, the curriculum operant in Vietnamese high schools is problematic in that it fails to challenge gender stereotypes and reinforces traditional views of girls and women. In addition, the comparative element in the research reveals many similar beliefs about the theories of gender and education in Vietnam and England such as the acknowledgement of the role of education in promoting gender equality and a commitment by both government agencies and schools to guarantee gender equality between boys and girls. Nonetheless, many interesting differences between the two countries emerged in dealing with gender issues attributable to the different culture norms in the two nations. Recommendations include the suggestions that the Vietnamese government should undertake more significant steps to target gender inequalities by issuing further legislation regarding gender equality in both education and in the wider society in order to close the gap between policy and practice. The researcher also offers the recommendation to improve the training of Vietnamese school leaders and teachers in terms of gender equality, especially in relation to the learning activities provided in schools. In addition, the researcher suggests amending the Vietnamese curriculum in order that it should become more gender neutral. Finally, the researcher suggests that Initial Teacher Training (ITT) programmes in Vietnam should be developed further in order to give greater emphasis to gender issues in the curriculum and to encourage practical classroom strategies to address such issues in the educational environment.
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Socratous, Maria. "Gender equality in the workplace : the case of Cyprus." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3122.
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This thesis takes up with the investigation of the position of women in the workplace and in the society in general in Cyprus. This thesis is focused on the investigation of gender inequality in Cyprus and especially the reasons of the non-progression of women in the workplace under the scope of the theoretical framework of agency, structure and culture. The empirical study was based on an inductive approach and using a mixed methodology the findings of the research were extracted both from an online survey and semi-structured interviews amongst accountants and academics as two representative professions in Cyprus. The main goal of this research was to examine whether there is gender inequality both in the workplace and the society in Cyprus and whether this inequality can be linked to the national culture. The thesis contributes to the general investigation of gender issues but most importantly in the investigation of gender issues in Cyprus as this area has been under-researched. The findings of this research suggest that women encounter obstacles on their way to the top of the organisational ladder and there is evidence that the difficulties they are faced with are mainly due to their role as mothers but also due to the gender specific roles deriving from Cypriot culture. However, albeit gender inequality is evident in Cyprus both in the society and the workplace things have started to improve both through the introduction of legislation on equality and also through women themselves who form their own networks and claim their rights in the workplace and the household.
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Donati, Laura. "Viewing Post-Conflict Gender Equality Through a Vulnerability Lens." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Umeå centrum för genusstudier (UCGS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172604.
Full textAbstract:
Natural disasters and conflicts are not gender neutral. They have a different impact on women, girls, boys and men, deepening and intensifying already existing, socially constructed, cultural norms and gender roles. However, crisis represents a “turning point” that shakes balances and traditions, unbalancing the fixed social structure, leaving room for women to exit the crisis empowered, rather than wounded. A systemic integration of a gender-sensitive approach into humanitarian and disaster reliefs operations wound tackle pre-existing inequalities, ensuring an effective quality response and recover from disasters.
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Kobayashi, Yoshie. "A path toward gender equality : state feminism in Japan /." New York : Routledge, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39295267v.
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Gooderham, Sarah. "The veiled truth: Gender equality and banning the burqa." Thesis, Gooderham, Sarah (2013) The veiled truth: Gender equality and banning the burqa. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2013. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41613/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the idea that all Muslim women who wear the burqa are oppressed and that, in countries like Australia, the burqa must be banned because it is in opposition to a core Western value of gender equality. This thesis emphasizes that the mainstream debate around banning the burqa and Muslim women has been built upon certain understandings of the Muslim faith and its cultural practices, which fail to take into account the many varied positions Muslim women take on their faith and the wearing of the burqa. Muslim women’s voices are completely omitted from the debate because they, especially those that wear the burqa, are denied any notion of agency.
This thesis argues that the burqa debate is pinned onto the fixed idea that the West is committed to equality between the sexes and that Islam is utterly opposed to it. Thus Muslim women must be oppressed and Western women liberated. This clear dichotomy has allowed Western women to articulate themselves as having achieved equality; however the reality is that Western women do face many instances of oppression based upon their gender and many are similar to the ones that Muslim women experience, especially in relation to their dress. Social constructions of womanhood are created through clothing and many of the normalised clothing choices of Western women are just as, if not more damaging to the status of women. The call to ban the burqa does nothing to further the status of women, instead it divides women and distracts from the much larger issues women face globally: violence, poverty and unequal access to opportunities. The burqa debate in fact hinders the progression of women’s rights because it implies there are certain choices that are wrong and which women cannot make for themselves.