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1
Dennehy, Jane. "Gender and competition : a dynamic for managers." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2010. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/327/.
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Gender inequality continues to exist in the labour market and this project contributes to discussions on why women are not equally represented in management hierarchies relative to their labour participation rates. Competition is the central lens used to evaluate current debates and add new perspectives to gendered processes in management. As an area of research, competition is largely neglected in the gender and management body of work. This study is important in exploring how as a concept and a practice, competition can operate in organisations and in the individual careers of men and women managers. Informing the thesis is a review of theories including gender performance, individualization, stereotypes and management styles which contribute to building a framework for understanding and engaging with competition and competitive relations. Adapted from Bradley’s (1999) model of gendered power, competition is defined as a series of dimensions which are investigated to research how and in what ways competition is gendered. Qualitative data was collected and analysed with the findings indicating a confused and often contradictory picture demonstrating how managers engage with competition and competitive relations. Within organisations and management hierarchies competition, some managers claim, remains distant from their experiences at work and is not widely discussed. For others external competition located within the marketplace is strongly identified with, whereas other managers cite personal competition and its role in their own self development as the base for their experience. Suggesting competition is a single concept or has a single location for practice has limitations. The model designed and used in this project builds competition as a multidimensional concept which can be explored across a range of activities and attitudes examining how increased visibility and understanding of competitive relations can inform those management practices and policies which sustain gender inequality.
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Rebello, Gayle, and n/a. "Measuring dynamic hamstring flexibility: Dynamic versus static stretching in the warm-up." University of Canberra. School of Health Sciences, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070618.095511.
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The main purpose of this study was to compare the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching
in the warm-up, on hamstring flexibility using a reliable set-up for measurement.
Static and dynamic flexibility was measured using five modifications of the Straight Leg Raise
(SLR) test to measure hip flexion range of motion (ROM). In the first part of the study (n = 33)
hamstring flexibility was measured using a Static-passive, Static-active, Dynamic-supine and
Dynamic-standing tests. The results of this study were used to calculate reliability statistics and
to compare the various static and dynamic flexibility tests. There was a significant difference
between Static-passive (SPH) and the Dynamic-supine (DSUH) tests (p less than .05).
This was followed by an intervention study (n = 12) where participants were randomly assigned
to three intervention treatments of 225 seconds on separate days: No stretching (Treatment I),
Static stretching (Treatment 2) and Dynamic stretching (Treatment 3) in a cross-over study
design. Static stretching had no impact on dynamic hamstring flexibility; however, dynamic
stretching improved dynamic flexibility while simultaneously increasing static flexibility. This
has implications for the specificity of stretching in sport.
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Basu, Deepankar. "Essays on Dynamic Nonlinear Time Series Models and on Gender Inequality." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1211331801.
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Pinder, Andrew D. J. "Analysis of dynamic lifting exertions performed by males and females on a hydrodynamometer." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314070.
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Turner, Darryl John. "The morphosyntax of Katcha nominals : a Dynamic Syntax account." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21003.
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This thesis presents a new description and theoretical analysis of the nominal system of Katcha (Nilo-Saharan, Kadu), spoken in the Nuba Mountains of Sudan. The description and analysis are based on a synthesis of data from several sources, including unpublished archive material and original fieldwork. The study is placed in context with a discussion of the demographic, cultural and political background affecting the Katcha linguistic community, a review of the current state of linguistic research on Katcha and a discussion of the ongoing controversy over the place of the Kadu languages within the language phyla of Africa. The morphosyntactic descriptions first focus on the role of nominals as heads, considering phenomena such as classification, agreement and modification. It is shown that Katcha has a unusual system of gender agreement with three agreement classes based on the concepts of Masculine, Feminine and Plural and that the gender of a noun may change between its singular and plural forms. Surprisingly, these phenomena are both most commonly found in Afro-Asiatic, which is not a phylum to which Kadu has previously been ascribed. The gender changes are shown to be predictable, determined by number-marking affixes. The study then gives a unified analysis of various types of nominal modifiers; relative clauses, possessives, demonstratives and adjectives all display similar morphological properties and this is accounted for by analysing all modfiers as appositional, headed by a demonstrative pronoun. This analysis of modifiers shows them to be related to, though not the same as, the notions of relative markers and construct state found widely in African languages. The role of nominals within sentential argument structure is then considered, with discussion of phenomena such as prepositional phrases, case and verbal valency. From the interaction of prepositions and pronouns, it is tentatively concluded that Katcha has three cases: Nominative, Accusative and Oblique. From the interaction of verbs and nouns, it is demonstrated that the verbal suffixes known as ‘verb extensions’ primarily serve to license the absence of otherwise mandatory core arguments. The second part of the thesis provides a theoretical analysis of the nominal system within the framework of Dynamic Syntax (DS). Two key features of the DS formalism come into play. Firstly, DS construes semantic individuals as terms of the epsilon calculus. Verb extensions are analysed as projecting context-dependent epsilon terms, providing a value for the ‘missing’ argument. Secondly, DS allows information sharing between propositions by means of a ‘LINK’ relation. Prepositional phrases are analysed as projecting a subordinate proposition which shares an argument with the matrix tree. These two formal tools come together in the analysis of nominal modifiers, which are construed as projecting an arbitrarily complex epsilon term LINKed to some term in the matrix tree, directly reflecting their descriptive analysis as appositional nominals. In presenting new data for a little studied language, this thesis adds to our knowledge and understanding of Nuba Mountain languages. In describing and analysing some of the typologically unsual features of Katcha’s nominal system, it challenges some standard assumptions about these constructions and about the genetic affiliation of the Kadu family. And in the theoretical analysis it demonstrates the suitability of Dynamic Syntax to model some of the key insights of the descriptive analysis.
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Buil, Fabregà Marian. "Influence of individual dynamic managerial capabilities over business sustainability commitment, stakeholder engagement and gender." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/406962.
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In today's dynamic environment, which is characterized by continuous and unpredictable changes, companies need new strategies to maintain their competitive advantage in the market, ensure long-term sustainability and consider the demands of stakeholders. The role of the manager of the company is relevant and he/she should have new capabilities to respond to new market demands. This thesis, through a survey of 339 managers using an empirical methodology based on a structural equation model, proposed as new managerial dynamic capabilities of the manager (IDMC), the entrepreneurial skills (alertness, creativity and self-awareness) and individual dynamic capabilities (sensing, seizing and transforming). The results suggest that there is a direct and positive relationship between the degree of development of the IDMC and the level of social and environmental commitment and stakeholders’ commitment. It is proposed that IDMC of the manager drive their commitment to sustainability and this in turn drives engagement with stakeholders. Finally, it is analyzed for the first time, if there are gender differences in the previous relationships, resulting that women have greater social commitment and environmental sustainability than men; although, it is concluded that the company requires a top management team committed to long-term sustainability regardless of gender of its membersEn el complex i hostil entorn econòmic actual que acompanya des del seu inici al segle XXI, les empreses requereixen de noves estratègies, per mantenir el seu avantatge competitiu en el mercat, garantir la sostenibilitat a llarg termini i considerar les demandes de les parts interessades. En aquesta situació, el paper del manager de l'empresa és rellevant i aquest ha de disposar de noves capacitats que li permetin donar resposta a les exigències del mercat. Aquesta tesi doctoral, a través d'una enquesta realitzada a 339 mànagers utilitzant una metodologia empírica basada en un model d'equacions estructurals, proposa com a noves capacitats de gestió del manager (individual dynamic managerial capabilities- IDMC), les competències emprenedores (alertness, creativity and self-awareness) i les capacitats dinàmiques individuals (sensing, seizing i transforming). Els resultats obtinguts suggereixen que hi ha una relació directa i positiva entre el grau de desenvolupament de les IDMC i el nivell de compromís social i ambiental i amb els grups d’interès (stakeholders). Es proposa que les IDMC que posseeix el/la manager són les que impulsen el seu compromís amb la sostenibilitat i aquest al seu torn, impulsa el compromís amb els stakeholders. Finalment, s'analitza per primera vegada si hi ha diferències de gènere en les relacions anteriors, resultant que la dona disposa de més compromís tant social com mediambiental amb la sostenibilitat; si bé, es conclou que l'empresa requereix d'un equip directiu compromès amb la sostenibilitat a llarg termini independentment del gènere dels seus membres
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DeGrazia, Nicholas J. "Measuring Rates of Reading Growth Associated with Gender Using Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1375205551.
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Wills, Sarah Forester. "More Than a Feeling: The Impact of Affect and Gender as Contextual Constraints on Perceptions of Emerging Leaders." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23162.
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Although research in leadership perception tends to show males have an advantage over females as a result of gender stereotypes, researchers have theorized recently some of this gender-related cognitive bias may be offset by perceiver affect (Medvedeff & Lord, 2007). In this experiment, a between-participants factorial design was used to examine the impact of gender stereotypes (male or female) and perceiver affect (positive or negative) on participants\' leader networks and dynamic perceptions of leadership. Participants were randomly assigned to a affect and leader gender condition with roughly 33 undergraduate students in each group. Leadership perceptions were assessed by examining connections between concepts in cognitive networks and repeated measurements of dynamic ratings. Data were analyzed using the Pathfinder and GEMCAT II (General Multivariate Methodology for Estimating Catastrophe Models) programs. Results suggested gender stereotypes and perceiver affect yield differential effects on leader networks. There was more stability in leader networks for a male leader than for a female, whereas there was more accuracy for perceivers in a neutral mood when compared to those in a negative mood condition. Furthermore, dynamic ratings showed the perceptual process in leadership emergence recognition was non-linear for both the male and female leader. Additionally, those in the negative mood condition were less resistant to changing their leadership perceptions when compared to those in the neutral mood condition. Potential interpretations for these findings are discussed and recommendations for future work in this area are provided.Ph. D.
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Monas, Eleni A. "Progress to perfection dynamic perspectives on gender, marriage and virginity in the writings of St. Gregory of Nyssa /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.
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Passinhas, Joana Luzia Monteiro. "Estimating gender differences in the probability of unemployment : evidence from Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14715.
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Mestrado em Econometria Aplicada e PrevisãoAtravés de um modelo dinâmico probit de efeitos aleatórios, estimou-se a probabilidade de desemprego em Portugal de forma a avaliar se existem diferenças entre géneros nos efeitos parciais médios e na persistência do desemprego. Os dados utilizados provêm do Inquérito ao Rendimento e Condições de Vida (ICOR) para o período entre 2010 e 2013. A estimação é feita ao mesmo tempo que se controla pela heterogeneidade individual não observada e pelo problema das condições iniciais, que ocorre pelo fato de não se conhecer o processo estocástico que originou o estado de desemprego observado. Encontrámos forte evidência empírica de persistência do desemprego, e alguma evidência de que esta persistência é mais pronunciada para os homens. Através da inclusão de um efeito fixo especifico para as mulheres, que pretende captar o efeito da discriminação de género num período de instabilidade no mercado de trabalho, concluímos que existe evidência estatística de maior probabilidade de desemprego para as mulheres. Este trabalho tem como principais contributos o estudo dos determinantes da probabilidade de desemprego, que representa uma carência da literatura em economia do trabalho, no fato de o estudar num período de grande desemprego em Portugal, e no especial enfoque que dá à persistência do desemprego e à discriminação de género.
Using a dynamic random effects probit model we estimate the probability of unemployment in Portugal in order to assess gender differences in average partial effects and in unemployment persistence, with data from four waves of the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (ICOR), for the period between 2010 and 2013. The estimation occurs while controlling for unobserved individual heterogeneity and for the "initial conditions" problem, which arises from not knowing the stochastic process which originated the observed state of unemployment. We find strong evidence of persistence in unemployment, with some, although weak, evidence that men suffer more from the negative implications of previous unemployment. Simultaneously, we found evidence of higher probabilities of unemployment for women through a fixed effect that aimed to capture gender discrimination in an unstable labor market. The main contributions of the present work lie in the study of the determinants of the probability of unemployment, which represents a shortage in the current literature in labor economics, during a period of high unemployment in Portugal, and by having a special focus on unemployment persistence and gender discrimination.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Crangle, Sara Colfax. "DYNAMIC NEIGHBORHOOD IDENTITIES: GENTRIFICATION AND CONSUMPTION UPON NEIGHBORHOOD IDENTITY POLITICS." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1217948918.
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Davis, Jacqueline Topsy Mengersen. "The role of culture in children's sex-typed preferences for colours, toys, and affordances : a systems theory approach." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/289913.
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Children's sex-typed preferences for colours and toys are well-established, and often function as markers of sex-typicality in research on the development of sex-typed behaviour. However, children's sex-typed colour and toy preferences have not been tested cross-culturally, or in remote unindustrialised cultural settings. The present thesis tested children's preferences for sex-typed toys in four cultural settings: Shipibo villages in the Lake Imiria region of the Peruvian Amazon; kastom villages in the mountains of Tanna Island in Vanuatu in the South Pacific; children attending school in Lenakel town on Tanna Island; and in a large industrialised city in Australia. It also tested children's colour preferences in three of these cultures. It was hypothesised that colour and toy preferences would show some similarities across cultures, and further, that similarities in toy preferences across cultures would be explained by the different types of play afforded by the toys. Results suggested that colour preferences, specifically, a sex difference in preference for pink, are specific to industrialised cultures. Results further suggested that some sex differences in toy preferences replicate in different cultures, and that the relationship between toy preferences and children's preferences for play affordances is a potentially important area for further research. The present thesis also provided two demonstrations of how new statistical methods, adapted from complex and dynamic systems theory, could be applied to the cross-cultural dataset. A machine learning method suggested that sex, more than culture, affects children's sex-typed toy preferences. A multistate dynamic method further suggested that sex, more than culture, affects the dynamics of children's toy choices.
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Jia, Rongfang. "Dynamic Mother-Infant and Father-Infant Interaction: Contribution of Parents’ and Infants’ Facial Affect and Prediction from Depression, Empathy and Temperament." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397809199.
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Wall, Rudolf [Verfasser]. "The effects of standing exposure on venous and muscular stress parameters : influence of dynamic muscle activity in the lower extremities, age and gender, in healthy individuals / Rudolf Wall." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1236994027/34.
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Crescenzi, Marika. "Exploring the dimorphism during fibrosis development and regression in a murine model of toxin-induced chronic liver injury." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422834.
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Liver fibrosis represents a crucial biological process, being the final common pathway of chronic or iterative liver damage. It is consequent to repeated wounds which are known to heal not in a timely manner. The contribution of gender-biased hepatic responses to liver injury represents a lively research topic to be investigated. With this PhD research the crosstalk between fibrosis, the drivers and targets of matrix remodelling and the hepatic immune microenvironment was ascertained and characterized. A murine model of chronic hepatic damage established by repeated administrations of the toxin CCl4 was developed and the injured liver was analysed in a timeframe of 12 weeks, including in addition also a period of washout of 8 weeks which allowed the liver to self-heal. Fibrosis, HSCs activation, analysis of matrix remodelling players in the liver along with immune infiltrating cellular components and circulating sexual hormones and cytokines were deeply investigated. An impaired capability for injured females to resorb excessive hepatic ECM during the self-healing was demonstrated, associated both with a decrease in estradiol concentrations and a delayed MMP9 activity in the onset of chronic hepatic damage. The characterization of the fibrotic milieu demonstrated an imbalance in the axis MMP-TIMP associated with a more inflammatory prone immune profile in female mice. The differences in the immune profile between injured males and females were also confirmed by analysing an array of circulating cytokines. The investigations in liver single cell suspensions of the immune cellular components present accordingly to different stages of severity of the disease, unveiled a residual population of Kupffer cells in females and a restorative macrophages component in males, after the self-healing, which could be responsible for the gender-biased effective fibrosis resolution. Further investigations are needed to ascertain if an angiocrine altered signalling is also part of this imbalance, considering data obtained on VEGFA mRNAs and protein modulations. Moreover, the possibility to translate into other models of hepatic injury data evidenced by this PhD thesis and, above all, to study in humans the biological processes below the liver dimorphism in fibrosis dynamics represents a mandatory condition to augment the knowledge in this lively field of research.
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Andersson, Niklas. "The Effects of a New ACL-Injury Prevention Device on Knee Kinematics and Hamstring and Quadriceps Co-Contraction : A Pilot Study." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-20561.
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Background: The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) –injury is 3-5 times greater in female athletes compared to male athletes. This may be partially attributed to lower levels of hamstring-quadriceps co-contraction in females with subsequent knee kinematics that increases risk of ACL-injury. Finding training methods that improves co-contraction and increases knee stability is important. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of a new device on hamstring-quadriceps co-contraction and to investigate if training with the device can alter knee kinematics in female athletes. Study design: Controlled experimental study design with repeated measures. Method: Twenty soccer and floor ball athletes were measured with electromyography (EMG) for hamstring-quadriceps co-contraction while performing squats with and without the device. Thirteen athletes also underwent three-dimensional kinematic analyses, measuring knee abduction angles (at initial ground contact and peak angle) during a drop jump, before and after a six week intervention period with the device. Friedman’s test and Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to assess differences and effect sizes (ES) were calculated. Results: Co-contraction was consistently larger on the device (medial side: p<0.001, ES=0.88; lateral side: p<0.001, ES=0.80) and the ratio of medial-to-lateral co-contraction increased (p=0.001, ES=0.79). In the kinematic analysis low adherence rates amongst our subjects meant that the effects of the device on kinematics could not be measured. Conclusion: Performing squats with the new training device stimulates increased hamstring-quadriceps co-contraction and increases the ratio of medial-to-lateral co-contraction. The effects of the device on knee kinematics have yet to be determined.
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Pessin, Léa. "Changing gendered expectations and diverging divorce trends : three papers on gender norms and partnership Dynamics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/392631.
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The dissertation addresses how changes in gender norms influence demographic behaviors. It is composed of three articles. The first focuses on the macro-micro association between regional gender norms and couples' divorce risk in the United States. Using event-history analysis, I find a reverse U-shaped relationship between gender norms and marital instability. The second article turns to the relationship between female education and marital instability over the past five decades in the United States. The results show that, in recent years, college-educated women have a higher risk of entry into marriage along with a lower propensity to divorce than their less-educated counterparts. The third article uses the migration experience as a natural experiment to study the effects of gender norms on gender role attitudes. Applying cross-classified multilevel models to a sample of first- and second-generation immigrants, results show that origin-country gender norms are significantly associated with immigrants' gender attitudes.Aquesta tesi investiga com els canvis en les normes de gènere influeixen en comportaments demogràfics d’escala general. Està dividida en tres articles. El primer estudia l’associació macro-micro entre les normes de gènere a nivell regional als Estats Units i el risc de divorci. Emprant un model d’anàlisi d’esdeveniments, es troba una relació en forma de U inversa entre les dues variables. El segon article s’enfoca en la relació entre l’educació de les dones i l’estabilitat del matrimoni en els darrers últims anys als Estats Units. Els resultats demostren que les dones amb grau universitari tenen una probabilitat més alta d’entrar en una relació matrimonial i, a la vegada, una menor propensió al divorci comparat amb dones amb nivells d’educació inferiors. El tercer article utilitza l’experiència migratòria com un experiment natural per estudiar els efectes de les normes de gènere sobre les actituds envers els rols de gènere en les parelles. Aplicant models estadístics multinivell de classificació creuada (“cross-classified”) a una mostra d’immigrants de primera i segona generació s’obtenen resultats que demostren una relació significativa entre les normes de gènere en el país d’origen i les actituds de gènere dels immigrants.
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Bongwana, Thembelihle. "Gendered dynamics in South African astrophysics: A case study of the South African Astronomical Observatory." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5467.
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Magister Artium - MAThis study explores the nuances around gendered dynamics, attitudes, ideologies, values and knowledge that exist within astronomy and astrophysics institutions paying specific attention to the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO) as study site. This study investigated implicit and explicit ways in which SAAO spaces and practices are gendered and hierarchized, and the extent to which 'astronomy as a specific discipline within science' remains highly masculinized. By focusing on studies on power, feminist critiques of science and institutional culture in other South African sectors, especially higher education, the study deconstructs a field that has been relatively neglected in South African feminist studies of gendered institutional culture. This thesis makes use of feminist qualitative methodological approaches and fuses mixed methods to collect data. The use of participant observation enabled a broader understanding of the context and to gain an understanding of how gendered, classed and raced subjects construct and navigate social meanings in the hierarchized and symbolically marked space of the SAAO.
National Research Foundation (NRF)
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Govender, Kevashini. "Gender dynamics of a Parents Support Group." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8036.
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Using a Parents Support Group run in Cape Town, South Africa, the study aims to illustrate how the psychodynamic model is inadequate in providing an understanding of the gender dynamics within this group. The study takes on an interpretive approach to explore this research problem and employs qualitative techniques, which were found to be most suitable. Data were collected through the use of field notes that documented the process of the Parents Support Group. This group consisted of ten females and one male participant, ranging from 34 to 45 years of age and who come from a lower socio-economic stratum. Furthermore, to elicit additional data and to capture the multi-layered experienees of participants, semi-structured interviews were conducted with five female and one male participant who were selected from the Parent Support Group. The field notes and the data acquired from the interviews were analyzed through the method of textual analysis, which elicited five key themes. It was found that although the psychoanalytic model was inadequate in explaining certain dynamics within the Parents Support Group, feminism and social constructionism models were able to highlight how gender was key in the dynamics at play within the group. This finding was vital in making recommendations about gender sensitivity and training concerning therapeutic interventions.
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Golubski, Alexander. "Household and Gender Dynamics in Pastoral Mongolia." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1563525452994042.
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Kataja, Mikael. "Fighting Gender Norms : Gender Equality, Masculinity, and the Dynamics of Violence in Conflict." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325032.
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Gender equality is an emerging field in conflict studies, but so far research has mainly focused on the onset of conflict. However, strong correlations between low levels of gender equality and the risk for conflict has been found, which gives encouragement for further research. Other fields have explored the field of gender equality more extensively, and has for example found relationships between attitudes towards gender equality and the prevalence of violence in personal relationships. Building on those findings, this thesis attempts to advance the field of gender equality in conflict studies by examining how attitudes towards gender equality affects the dynamics of violence during conflicts, with the hypothesised relationship that more positive attitudes towards gender equality results in lower levels of violence. This is done through a statistical study of 172 selected cases from different regions and with different ideologies. The suggested mechanism for this relationship is that of traditional gender norms, and in particular traditional ideals of masculinity which are closely associated with violence. While not lending strong support for the all the hypothesised relationship, the results gives some reason for optimism for future research.
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Roy, Rosanne. "Gender differences in the dynamics of group competition." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ64658.pdf.
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Roy, Rosanne. "Gender differences in the dynamics of group competition." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36697.
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The current study explored gender differences in groups of boys and girls in a limited resource context. Forty same-sex groups of four children from kindergarten and grade four were observed during sessions in which groups played first with two different toys and then two different games. The toy and game sessions were constructed so children had to negotiate for a scarce resource (attractive toy and game winner's certificate). In the case of one of the toys the end of a player's turn was obvious to group members (explicit turn-taking toy), in the case of the other toy the end of a turn was not obvious to group members (nonexplicit turn-taking toy). Resource use (time with toy), group variability in resource use, positive affect and self-report measures were collected. Results of the toy sessions revealed both genders were very similar on all the measures; however, girls were significantly more likely to have greater group variance in distributing the nonexplicit turn-taking toy. The two games, one competitive and one noncompetitive, involved players trying to reach a finish line. For the competitive game, only one player could win, but for the noncompetitive game all players could win. During both games, a player could potentially interfere with another player's goal to win. Resource use (interfering), group variability in resource use, positive affect and self-report measures were collected. Results of the game sessions revealed both genders were very similar on all measures, however, during the competitive game, girls were more likely to have greater group variance in interfering. The results are discussed in terms of considering aspects of the context when investigating gender differences in competition.
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Asiimwe, Florence Akiiki. "Gender dynamics in home ownership in Kampala, Uganda." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3886.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 318-329).
This study explores the different ways in which married women in Kampala, Uganda are unable to become homeowners during marriage and at widowhood. In the process, the study also explores the special mechanisms through which married women became homeowners through marriage and at widowhood. The study was premised on the assumption that gender inequality in homeownership exists and persists in Uganda in spite of urbanization, increase in information flow, education and income of women. Although married women live in a home with their husband, they do not actually own the home. As a result, women tend to be users rather than owners. Although one would expect statutory law to guarantee married women home ownership rights during marriage, this is not the case. While Uganda’s state policy states that every citizen has the right to own property, in particular houses, there is no legal framework that guarantees married women equal ownership rights of the home. The current Marriage and Divorce Acts are not clear on the benefits of the married woman in the matrimonial home during marriage and divorce. At divorce the married woman’s benefits in the matrimonial home is at the discretion of the judge who determines the percentage of a married woman’s entitlement to the matrimonial home upon proof of evidence the married woman presents. The Domestic Relations Bill that would address the unequal gender relations in homeownership and probably guarantee married women benefits in the matrimonial home has never been passed. Though a number of NGOs and civil society organizations have lobbied Parliament to pass the Domestic Relations Bill, no progress has been made. Similarly, while one would expect a widow to automatically inherit the matrimonial home upon the death of her husband, intestate law of succession guarantees the widow only user rights of the home until she dies or remarries. The matrimonial home belongs to the eldest son of the diseased. Although the Constitutional Court recently declared some of the clauses in intestate succession law unconstitutional, Parliament is yet to come up with a new succession law. The research applied Hirdman’s gender system and contract theory to explain the complex gender dynamics in homeownership. The study explores the relationship between married women and their husbands and unmarried women and married male adulterers. The analysis of married women dynamics highlights the different gender contracts that exist between married and unmarried women. Two suburban middleincome areas, namely Banda and Kiwatule were chosen from which urban women were identified and interviewed about the challenges they face to become homeowners in their own right. The study was based on purely a qualitative design. The data were collected through life stories of unmarried women, married couples, and widows. The study reveals that while married men adulterers are not concerned to have their names included on the title deeds of their female lovers’ homes, ironically married men ensure that the matrimonial home is solely registered in their names regardless of whether or not their wives contribute to the construction costs. Married women were unable to become homeowners due to lack of regular income, lack of awareness, and patriarchal male cultural beliefs. The study reveals that it is only under special circumstances that married women are able to become homeowners an indication of male dominancy in home ownership. In some cases married women are able to become homeowners when a husband is absent at the time of purchase and registration of the plot of land on which the matrimonial home is built. In other cases married women become homeowners when their husbands need their income as a contribution to the home project or when they are in a financial crisis. Married women with nothing to contribute to the home project find it difficult to negotiate for homeownership rights. Divorce and separation case laws show that married women whose names do not appear on the title deed are at the mercy of the Court for beneficial rights in the home. However, in cases where the married woman moves out and leaves behind the husband in the home, it becomes difficult to evict him even when the court rules in her favour.
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Grubb, Caitlyn. "Power Dynamics in Conversation : The Role of Gender." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1462959131.
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Schänzel, Heike Annette. "Family time and own time on holiday : generation, gender, and group dynamic perspectives from New Zealand : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Tourism Management /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1194.
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Chiba, Kaeko. "Class and gender dynamics in chadō (Japanese tea ceremony)." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/1920eaac-da63-4a97-906e-4a0e43030f18.
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Khan, Marryam. "Gender Dynamics from the Arab World: An Intercultural Service Encounter." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5960.
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Arab countries strive toward the modernization and feminization of the Arab culture; however, some of these countries (i.e., Saudi Arabia) are culturally and legally governed by “sharia law”, and have maintained cultural norms regarding segregation of the sexes. In order to have a better understanding of the Arab travelers to the U.S., this research focuses on the gender dynamics between the service providers and Arab customers during a service encounter. Specifically, this research examines how the same and opposite genders of service-provider and customer influence Arab customers' emotional response (comfort), consequently their service encounter evaluation (satisfaction), and behavioral intentions (feedback willingness). This research also examines how the employees' efforts to solicit feedback from Arab customers may intensify the effect of gender dynamics on Arab customers' responses.
Scenario-based online surveys are created and distributed to respondents of Arab descent in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and United Arab Emirates by using snowball sampling. The results based on 326 respondents show potential differences determined by gender interaction. Arab customers were more comfortable, more satisfied with the service encounter, and more willing to provide feedback, if the employee was the same gender as the customer, as opposed to the employee being the opposite gender from the customer. However, results showed that employee efforts to solicit feedback did not intensify the gender interaction effect. Additionally, through the service encounter, the Arab customers' comfort influenced their service encounter satisfaction and their willingness to provide feedback. The findings of this research provide valuable implications for hospitality managers to better cater to the needs of Arab customers by examining the dimensions of gender boundaries in an intercultural service encounter.M.S.
Masters
Hospitality Services
Hospitality Management
Hospitality and Tourism Management
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Muhanguzi, Florence Kyoheirwe. "Exploring gender dynamics in sexuality education in Uganda's secondary schools." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8729.
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 241-268).Within international theory of gender and education, sexuality is implicated as one of the major factors responsible for the differential participation of boys and girls in schooling and the persistent gender inequalities in education in Sub-Saharan African countries and Uganda in particular. In spite of multiple interventions to address the inequalities, gender disparities remain apparent and such disparities continue to entail increased vulnerability to sexual abuse, HIV transmission, unwanted teenage pregnancies, sexual exploitation and the overall silence about sexual experience, for those gendered as girls and women. Comprehensive gendered sexuality education is widely seen as a valuable site of intervention for addressing these problems, thereby facilitating the process of attaining gender equality and equity in society. The relationship between sexuality education and gender dynamics remain, however, complex at multiple levels of the educational process. The main objective of this study is to explore the operation of gender dynamics in school sexuality education. The research interrogates the interactions between contemporary curriculum based ideas of sexuality education in Uganda and the gendered realities of key participants in the pedagogic process. The substantive focus of my study is on secondary school students' and teachers' experiences and interactions with formal school sexuality curriculum. Under the notion that the community of pedagogy for students comprises parents, the research includes an exploration of parents' engagement with the school-based sexuality education. My study draws on qualitative data obtained through qualitative methods namely observation, in- depth and key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Template and thematic analysis was used. The study theorises that the current sexuality education being conducted in Uganda's secondary schools is deficient in terms of content and approach and is based on gender biased materials and textbooks. Overall the education offered is inadequate, largely prescriptive and feminized, generally divorced from students' personal experiences, and sometimes even contradictory. The study reveals complex gendered sexual experiences of students that position boys and girls differently often causing gender inequalities in sexuality education classrooms. The study illuminates the need for a rigorous re-examination of the current curriculum learning resources and advocates an empowerment approach that integrates considerations of gender dynamics throughout the approach to formal sexuality education in a bid to challenge gendered discrimination.
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Adriaanse, Johanna Anja Jr. "Gender dynamics on boards of National Sport Organisations in Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8950.
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Despite stunning progress on the sport field in the past 100 years, women’s representation off the field remains a serious challenge. While sport participation rates for women have grown exponentially, data on the Sydney Scoreboard indicate that women remain markedly under-represented on sport boards globally including in Australia. A significant body of research has emerged to explain women’s under-representation in sport governance. The majority of studies have investigated the gender distribution of the board’s composition and related issues such as factors that inhibit women’s participation in sport governance. Few studies have examined the underlying gender dynamics on sport boards once women have gained a seat at the boardroom table, yet this line of investigation may disclose important reasons for the lack of gender equality on sport boards. The aim of the present study was to examine how gender works on boards of National Sport Organisations (NSOs) in Australia with the following research questions: 1. What are the gender relations that characterise the composition and operation of sport boards in NSOs in Australia in terms of a ‘gender regimes’ approach, that is, one that draws on categories associated with the gendered organisation of production, power/authority, emotional attachment and symbolic relations? 2. In view of the above, what are the implications or prospects for gender equality on these boards in terms of the barriers and opportunities created by the specific configurations of gender relations and dynamics? The theoretical framework was based on the notions that organisations are intrinsically gendered (Acker, 1990) and that gender is actively created through social practice (Connell, 1987; West & Zimmerman, 1987). According to Connell, systematically determining where and how people ‘do gender’ in an organisational context depends on being able to identify a pattern of practices or ‘gender regime’ (2009, p. 72) associated with four main areas of social life. The four dimensions of a gender regime are: a) gender division of labour, that is, the way in which production or work are arranged on gender lines; b) gender relations of power, that is, the way in which control, authority, and force are exercised on gender lines, including organisational hierarchy, legal power and violence, both individual and collective; c) emotion and human relations, that is, the way attachment and antagonism among people and groups are organised along gender lines, including feelings of solidarity, prejudice, sexual attraction and repulsion and d) gender culture and symbolism, that is, ways in which gender identities are defined and gender is represented and understood, including prevailing beliefs and attitudes about gender. Such an approach permits the possibility of identifying how organisational processes, such as sport board governance, are gendered and whether the configurations identified reproduce gender inequalities or promote gender change. The research design for the study comprised two stages. Stage one involved an audit of gender representation on 56 NSO boards. Stage two contained in-depth interviews with board directors and chief executive officers (n=26; 9 women and 17 men) from five NSOs, and collection of documents in relation to gender equality on boards of these organisations. In terms of data analysis I used both a deductive, theory-inspired, approach and an inductive, data- inspired, approach (Amis, 2005). To ensure credibility and legitimacy of the study, I produced a detailed audit trail which contains an explicit account of the research methodology used. In relation to the research questions informing this study, I found that gender dynamics, understood from a ‘gender regimes’ perspective, were not uniform. The following three gender regimes were identified: masculine hegemony, masculine hegemony in transition, and gender mainstreaming in progress. The gender regime of masculine hegemony, found on boards in sports A, B and D, offered the least prospects for gender equality. These boards were deeply hierarchical in terms of gender: men were numerically dominant and held the most influential positions. Yet such a situation was not challenged by any of the directors, men or women. The male dominance that characterised board membership and executive positions was normalised and accepted. It was not identified and understood as a problem for which the board had any responsibility. Most members of these boards believed that the problem of gender inequality on sport boards lay well beyond the control of their organisations. Women were simply not putting themselves forward for board membership or did not have the appropriate qualifications and experience to participate. By contrast, the gender regime of masculine hegemony in transition, found on sport board C, demonstrated a more dynamic pattern of gender relations with prospects for gender equality more positive than the previous regime. Here, a highly qualified and experienced woman occupied the chair and she was supported by an alliance of the male CEO and two board members, one of whom was a woman. Together they comprised a formidable foursome – two men and two women – who explicitly assumed responsibility to address gender equality in their sport, including in relation to board membership and practice. Nevertheless, this regime displayed some barriers to the advancement of gender equality, primarily through the presence of a masculine ethic in leadership, some marked hostility towards the woman chair, and generalised support for meritocracy over gender equality. To the extent that this regime was characterised by structures of practice that both maintained and contested masculine dominance in sport governance, it expressed tensions in gender dynamics that rendered the board’s regime status one of transition between acceptance of masculine dominance and opposition to it. The gender regime of gender mainstreaming in progress, found on the board of sport E, was the most conducive for the advancement of gender equality. Here women occupied significant board positions, senior and influential male board members were supportive of the women on the board, the constitution included a gender quota clause that required a minimum of three directors of either gender, and friendly, collegial emotions characterised the working relationships of the directors. The regime was one in progress because, although the prospects were most positive compared to the two other regimes, gender equality had not yet been achieved. Men still occupied the most influential positions of president and CEO, and women’s representation on the board (33%) had not reached gender parity yet. The present study has contributed to knowledge and understanding of sport governance by disclosing how gender works on boards of NSOs. It has done so by applying a particular analytical tool – the ‘gender regimes’ approach – that enables the identification of the gendered structures of practice in operation in the organisation and management of sport boards. In yielding such configurations, the study has generated evidence-based findings for determining organisational practices on boards that advance or obstruct gender equality. It is in the light of these findings that the study proposes a number of recommendations for policy and practice related to sport governance and gender equality.
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Mandizvidza, Donald. "Cultural politics, gender dynamics and development: A Zimbabwean rural perspective." Thesis, Mandizvidza, Donald (2016) Cultural politics, gender dynamics and development: A Zimbabwean rural perspective. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/34443/.
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This research project is premised on the argument that women are oppressed and discriminated against socio-culturally, economically and politically. Women do assume social and economic roles in the family and community but their contributions are not recognised compared with men. This dissertation explores the cultural politics behind the exploitation of women in rural Zimbabwe. The research mainly dwells on the negative impacts imposed by patriarchal attitudes on women’s socio-economic and political progress. A review of literature including journals, books, and newspaper articles, government documents, local and international non-governmental organizations reflected that Zimbabwean women face social, cultural, economic, political and educational barriers and despite the measures being done to alleviate the women’s subordinate position, parity has yet to be achieved. Rural women need to be empowered by getting higher education. More economic opportunities, political participation and decision-making in order to reduce their dependency on men can be achieved by increasing their enrolment in higher education, as well as through the provision of microcredit or microfinance. In political participation the use of the quota system is recommended as it has been viewed as the best solution in terms of increasing the participation of women in political governance.
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Muthwa, Sibongile Winnifred. "Economic survival strategies of female-headed households, the case of Soweto, South Africa." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261888.
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Wirgell, Linnea. "The Spotlight is on Gender Roles : A Study of Verb Dynamics and Gender in Spotlight 7/8/9." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-8226.
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In the present study I have conducted a linguistic investigation of the textbook series Spotlight 7, 8 and 9 (Natur & Kultur 2008-2010) which is used in grades 7-9. The purpose of the investigation is to examine what gender roles are presented in the material. The theoretical approach is Halliday’s (2004) Functional Grammar Theory. The second part of the study presents a discourse analysis of three selected texts from Spotlight 7, 8 and 9 where the texts as well as the related pictures are analysed. The results from the whole study are compared to the goals on gender equality stated in the National Curriculum and the Educational Act. The result of the study reveals that the gender roles presented in the teaching material are less stereotypic than hypothesized but that, in accordance with my hypotheses, males were represented to a higher extent than females and transgenders. This result suggests that the material only partly fulfills the demands on gender equality that is found in the National Curriculum and the Educational Act.
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Salinas, Maria E. "Chilean exiles in Britain : the dynamics of gender relations in exile." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342859.
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Thorne, M. L. "Engendering culture : The dynamics of organisation culture, gender and managerial behaviour." Thesis, University of Bath, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383608.
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Schoiswohl, Florian. "Unemployment dynamics in Austria - The role of gender-specific worker-flows." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2019. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6863/1/wp282.pdf.
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There is a growing literature studying unemployment dynamics by means of worker flow data between labor market states. This paper contributes to this literature stream by analyzing the dynamics of the Austrian unemployment rate applying novel worker flow data for 2005-2016. Our main results can be summarized along two dimensions: First, we show that worker flows between unemployment and inactivity are major determinants of unemployment fluctuations in Austria. Second, we show for the working-age population that the contribution of male worker flows to the overall variation of the unemployment rate is higher, but that this relation turns when it comes to the youth cohort. The gender differences are probably related to the early occupational and educational segregation of young men and women in Austria. The paper concludes by stressing a strong need for further empirical and theoretical research which aims to link structural differences in an economy with different responses to the business cycle.Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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AraÃjo, Eduardo Barbosa. "Scientific Collaboration Networks from Lattes Database: Topology, Dynamics and Gender Statistics." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=17184.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoCompreender a dinÃmica de produÃÃo e colaboraÃÃo em pesquisa pode revelar melhores estratÃgias para carreiras cientÃficas, instituiÃÃes acadÃmicas e agÃncias de fomento. Neste trabalho nÃs propomos o uso de uma grande e multidisciplinar base de currÃculos cientÃficos brasileira, a Plataforma Lattes, para o estudo de padrÃes em pesquisa cientÃfica e colaboraÃÃes. Esta base de dados inclui informaÃÃes detalhadas acerca de publicaÃÃes e pesquisadores. CurrÃculos individuais sÃo enviados pelos prÃprios pesquisadores de forma que a identificaÃÃo de coautoria nÃo à ambÃgua. Pesquisadores podem ser classificados por produÃÃo cientÃfica, localizaÃÃo geogrÃfica e Ãreas de pesquisa. Nossos resultados mostram que a rede de colaboraÃÃes cientÃficas tem crescido exponencialmente nas Ãltimas trÃs dÃcadas, com a distribuiÃÃo do nÃmero de colaboradores por pesquisador se aproximando de uma lei de potÃncia à medida que a rede evolui. AlÃm disso, ambas a distribuiÃÃo do nÃmero de colaboradores e a produÃÃo por pesquisador seguem o comportamento de leis de potÃncia, independentemente da regiÃo ou Ãreas, sugerindo que um mesmo mecanismo universal pode ser responsÃvel pelo crescimento da rede e pela produtividade dos pesquisadores. TambÃm mostramos que as redes de colaboraÃÃo investigadas apresentam um tÃpico comportamento assortativo, no qual pesquisadores de alto nÃvel (com muitos colaboradores) tendem a colaborador com outros semelhantes. Em seguida, mostramos que homens preferem colaborar com outros homens enquanto mulheres sÃo mais igualitÃrias ao estabelecer suas colaboraÃÃes. Isso à consistentemente observado em todas as Ãreas e à essencialmente independente do nÃmero de colaboraÃÃes do pesquisador. A Ãnica exceÃÃo sendo a Ãrea de Engenharia, na qual este viÃs à claramente menos pronunciado para pesquisadores com muitas colaboraÃÃes. TambÃm mostramos que o nÃmero de colaboraÃÃes segue o comportamento de leis de potÃncia, com um cutoff dependente do gÃnero. Isso se reflete no fato de que em mÃdia mulheres produzem menos artigos e tÃm menos colaboraÃÃes que homens. TambÃm mostramos que ambos os gÃneros exibem a mesma tendÃncia quanto a colaboraÃÃes interdisciplinares, exceto em CiÃncias Exatas e da Terra, nas quais mulheres tendo mais colaboradores sÃo mais propensas a pesquisas interdisciplinares.
Understanding the dynamics of research production and collaboration may reveal better strategies for scientific careers, academic institutions and funding agencies. Here we propose the use of a large and multidisciplinary database of scientific curricula in Brazil, namely, the Lattes Platform, to study patterns of scientific production and collaboration. Detailed information about publications and researchers is available in this database. Individual curricula are submitted by the researchers themselves so that co-authorship is unambiguous. Researchers can be evaluated by scientific productivity, geographical location and field of expertise. Our results show that the collaboration network is growing exponentially for the last three decades, with a distribution of number of collaborators per researcher that approaches a power-law as the network gets older. Moreover, both the distributions of number of collaborators and production per researcher obey power-law behaviors, regardless of the geographical location or field, suggesting that the same universal mechanism might be responsible for network growth and productivity. We also show that the collaboration network under investigation displays a typical assortative mixing behavior, where teeming researchers (i.e., with high degree) tend to collaborate with others alike. Moreover, we discover that on average men prefer collaborating with other men than with women, while women are more egalitarian. This is consistently observed over all fields and essentially independent on the number of collaborators of the researcher. The solely exception is for engineering, where clearly this gender bias is less pronounced, when the number of collaborators increases. We also find that the distribution of number of collaborators follows a power-law, with a cut-off that is gender dependent. This reflects the fact that on average men produce more papers andhave more collaborators than women. We also find that both genders display the same tendency towards interdisciplinary collaborations, except for Exact and Earth Sciences, where women having many collaborators are more open to interdisciplinary research.
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Shaw, Dara Gay. "Cross-cultural gender dynamics in classroom interaction the adult ESOL classroom /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1811.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xx, 401, 2 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 263-275).
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Araújo, Eduardo Barbosa. "Scientific Collaboration Networks from Lattes Database: Topology, Dynamics and Gender Statistics." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18489.
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ARAÚJO, Eduardo Barbosa. Scientific Collaboration Networks from Lattes Database: Topology, Dynamics and Gender Statistics. 2016. 88 f. Tese (Doutorado em Física) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2016.Submitted by Edvander Pires (edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2016-07-19T15:58:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_ebaraujo.pdf: 3600069 bytes, checksum: a78e83ffda97c499e589b405da4da3c8 (MD5)
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Understanding the dynamics of research production and collaboration may reveal better strategies for scientific careers, academic institutions and funding agencies. Here we propose the use of a large and multidisciplinary database of scientific curricula in Brazil, namely, the Lattes Platform, to study patterns of scientific production and collaboration. Detailed information about publications and researchers is available in this database. Individual curricula are submitted by the researchers themselves so that co-authorship is unambiguous. Researchers can be evaluated by scientific productivity, geographical location and field of expertise. Our results show that the collaboration network is growing exponentially for the last three decades, with a distribution of number of collaborators per researcher that approaches a power-law as the network gets older. Moreover, both the distributions of number of collaborators and production per researcher obey power-law behaviors, regardless of the geographical location or field, suggesting that the same universal mechanism might be responsible for network growth and productivity. We also show that the collaboration network under investigation displays a typical assortative mixing behavior, where teeming researchers (i.e., with high degree) tend to collaborate with others alike. Moreover, we discover that on average men prefer collaborating with other men than with women, while women are more egalitarian. This is consistently observed over all fields and essentially independent on the number of collaborators of the researcher. The solely exception is for engineering, where clearly this gender bias is less pronounced, when the number of collaborators increases. We also find that the distribution of number of collaborators follows a power-law, with a cut-off that is gender dependent. This reflects the fact that on average men produce more papers andhave more collaborators than women. We also find that both genders display the same tendency towards interdisciplinary collaborations, except for Exact and Earth Sciences, where women having many collaborators are more open to interdisciplinary research.
Compreender a dinâmica de produção e colaboração em pesquisa pode revelar melhores estratégias para carreiras científicas, instituições acadêmicas e agências de fomento. Neste trabalho nós propomos o uso de uma grande e multidisciplinar base de currículos científicos brasileira, a Plataforma Lattes, para o estudo de padrões em pesquisa científica e colaborações. Esta base de dados inclui informações detalhadas acerca de publicações e pesquisadores. Currículos individuais são enviados pelos próprios pesquisadores de forma que a identificação de coautoria não é ambígua. Pesquisadores podem ser classificados por produção científica, localização geográfica e áreas de pesquisa. Nossos resultados mostram que a rede de colaborações científicas tem crescido exponencialmente nas últimas três décadas, com a distribuição do número de colaboradores por pesquisador se aproximando de uma lei de potência à medida que a rede evolui. Além disso, ambas a distribuição do número de colaboradores e a produção por pesquisador seguem o comportamento de leis de potência, independentemente da região ou áreas, sugerindo que um mesmo mecanismo universal pode ser responsável pelo crescimento da rede e pela produtividade dos pesquisadores. Também mostramos que as redes de colaboração investigadas apresentam um típico comportamento assortativo, no qual pesquisadores de alto nível (com muitos colaboradores) tendem a colaborador com outros semelhantes. Em seguida, mostramos que homens preferem colaborar com outros homens enquanto mulheres são mais igualitárias ao estabelecer suas colaborações. Isso é consistentemente observado em todas as áreas e é essencialmente independente do número de colaborações do pesquisador. A única exceção sendo a área de Engenharia, na qual este viés é claramente menos pronunciado para pesquisadores com muitas colaborações. Também mostramos que o número de colaborações segue o comportamento de leis de potência, com um cutoff dependente do gênero. Isso se reflete no fato de que em média mulheres produzem menos artigos e têm menos colaborações que homens. Também mostramos que ambos os gêneros exibem a mesma tendência quanto a colaborações interdisciplinares, exceto em Ciências Exatas e da Terra, nas quais mulheres tendo mais colaboradores são mais propensas a pesquisas interdisciplinares.
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Reid, Joshua S. "The Gender Dynamics of Ariosto’s Tales of Women in Elizabethan England." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3166.
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The most popular cantos from the Orlando Furioso in Elizabethan England center on the (in)fi delity of women. Cantos 5, 28, and 43 were appropriated, translated, or adapted in the following works: Peter Beverly’s Historie of Ariodanto and Jenevra, Sir John Harington’s Orlando Furioso in English Heroical Verse, Thomas Lodge’s Catharos, “The Squire of Dames’s Tale” in Edmund Spenser’s Faerie Queene, Robert Greene’s The Historie of Orlando Furioso, Robert Tofte’s Two Tales, translated out of Ariosto, and William Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing. No other cantos from the Orlando Furioso received this amount of literary attention in England, and this paper will explore why these writers were fi xated on these particular episodes, and how they transferred the embedded gender dynamics of these tales from the context of the Este court to their target culture.
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Siropoulos, Spiridon D. "Role reversal in Athenian drama : the dynamics of ideology enforcement." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387967.
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Björnberg, Marina. "Conversational Effects of Gender and Children's Moral Reasoning." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9391.
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This thesis aimed partly to examine the effects of gender on conversation dynamics, partly to investigate whether interaction between participants with contrasting opinions promotes cognitive development on a moral task. Another objective was to explore whether particular conversational features of interaction would have any impact upon a pair’s joint response or on each child’s moral development. The conversations were coded with regard to simultaneous speech acts, psychosocial behaviour and types of justifications used. The results show no gender differences regarding psychosocial processes, but the boys used more negative interruptions, more overlaps and significantly proportionately more justifications in the form of assertions than the girls in the study. Gender differences were often more pronounced in same-gender as opposed to mixed-gender pairs, but children also altered their behaviour to accommodate to the gender of their conversational partner. Children who participated in the interaction phase of the study showed more overall progress on an eight-weeks delayed post-test than those who did not. However the only conversational feature that was related to the outcomes of conversation and development was the use of expiatory force justifications which were associated with a more advanced reply immediately after interaction as well as two weeks later.
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Rosenqvist, Olof. "Essays on Determinants of Individual Performance and Labor Market Outcomes." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296299.
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Essay 1 (with Oskar Nordström Skans): This paper provides field evidence on the causal impact of past successes on future performances. Since persistence in success or failure is likely to be linked through, potentially time-varying, ability it is intrinsically difficult to identify the causal effect of succeeding on the probability of performing well in the future. We therefore employ a regression discontinuity design on data from professional golf tournaments exploiting that almost equally skilled players are separated into successes and failures half-way into the tournaments (the “cut”). We show that players who (marginally) succeeded in making the cut substantially increased their performance in subsequent tournaments relative to players who (marginally) failed to make the cut. This success-effect is substantially larger when the subsequent (outcome) tournament involves more prize money. The results therefore suggest that past successes provide an important prerequisite when performing high-stakes tasks. Essay 2: Recent experimental evidence suggests that women in general are more discouraged than men by failures which potentially can explain why women, on average, are less likely than men to reach top-positions in firms. This paper provides the first quasi-experimental evidence from the field on this issue using data from all-female and all-male professional golf tournaments to see if this result can be replicated among competitive men and women. These top-performing men and women are active in an environment with multiple rounds of competition and the institutional set-up of the tournaments makes it possible to causally estimate the effect of the result in one tournament on the performance in the next. The results show that both male and female golfers respond negatively to a failure and that their responses are virtually identical. This finding suggests that women’s difficulties in reaching top-positions in firms are caused by external rather than internal barriers. Essay 3: Voting is a fundamental human right. Yet, individuals that are younger than 18 do typically not have this right since they are considered uninformed. However, recent evidence tentatively suggests that the political knowledge of youths is endogenous to the voting age. I test for the existence of such dynamic adjustments utilizing voting age discontinuities caused by Swedish laws. I employ a regression discontinuity strategy on Swedish register data to estimate the causal effect of early age voting right on political knowledge around age 18. The results do not support the existence of positive causal effects of early age voting right on political knowledge. Thus, we should not expect that 16-year-olds respond by acquiring more political knowledge if they are given the right to vote. This finding weakens the case for a lowering of the voting age from 18 to 16. Essay 4 (with Lena Hensvik): We postulate that firms’ production losses from absence depend on the employees’ internal substitutability, incentivizing firms to keep absence low in positions with few substitutes. Using Swedish employer-employee data we show that absence is substantially lower in such positions even conditional on establishment and occupation fixed effects. The result reflects sorting on both entry and exit margins, with stronger separations responses when it was difficult to predict the absence of the employees beforehand. These findings highlight that internal substitution insures firms against production disruptions caused by absence and that absence costs are important aspects of firms’ hiring and separations decisions.
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Lysén, Frej Ulrika. "Verb Dynamics : a Study of Gender Roles in Blueprint A." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Ämnesavdelningen för svenska språket och engelska, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-5476.
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The teaching book is a very important device in schools and its potential impact can be considerable. This essay analyses how gender is established in one of the most common teaching books in upper secondary school, Blueprint A. The study aims to find out if the teaching book is stereotypical concerning the issue of gender equality. The analysis is made with Halliday’s Functional Grammar Theory as theoretical approach and is compared to the guidelines of the Curriculum and the Educational Act. To fulfil the aim of this essay, three texts are analysed from a gender perspective. If the verbs are dynamic/stative, and if the subjects function as agents or not are the factors used to establish if there is a difference between how females and males are represented in the texts. The hypothesis is based on a previous study on the same teaching book but regarding another edition and course (Odén 2005). It is hypothesised that there are differences in how men and women are presented in the texts and that women are described as more stative while men are described in more dynamic terms. The conclusion of this essay is that females are established as more stative than males and therefore it can be argued that the teaching book does not satisfy the goals of the Curriculum or the Educational Act.
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Johnson, Dominique Elise. "The Dynamics of Gender in Single Sex Schooling: Implications for Educational Policy." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/29641.
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Urban EducationPh.D.
Analyzing data from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS:2002), this study compares the conformity of student gender roles attending single-sex and co-educational schools and examines the relationship between gender role conformity and bullying victimization in each educational context. This study is the first to investigate bullying in single sex schools and to use a large scale national dataset to examine student gender role conformity in schooling. Analyses of the base year 10th grade cohort of ELS:2002 reveal that both single sex and coeducational schooling are distinct contexts for student gender roles. Female students in both single sex and coeducational schools were significantly more likely to have higher average gender role conformity than male students in both single sex and coeducational schools. Gender role conforming students were significantly less likely to be bullied than gender role nonconforming students, even when controlling for whether the school is single sex or coeducational. Results also indicate that schools have dominant gender role norms, as students who differ from the average gender role conformity in their school are significantly more likely to experience bullying. Variation from a school-based gender role norm leads to a greater experience of bullying for students, and it is gender nonconforming students that are most likely to experience this increased likelihood of bullying. Despite the fact that female single sex schools are the most gender role conforming educational contexts among all four investigated in this study, gender role nonconforming girls who attend them are significantly less likely to experience bullying. Addressing the conflation of sex and gender underlying the sex-based educational policy of single sex schooling, this study argues that single sex public educational policy can be more carefully crafted with an attention to its theoretical underpinnings by taking into account the dynamics of students' gender roles. Implications for educational policy are discussed with particular emphasis on policy decisions at the district and state levels in addition to federal level policies, laws, and mandates such as Title IX and No Child Left Behind.
Temple University--Theses
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Alarcon, Espinoza Claudia Lucia. "Gender knowledge in journalism education and practice. A study in Chile." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15365.
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This research explores the production and circulation of gender knowledge, to understand the development of journalism education and also the structure of relations of gender that currently create and sustain journalism education in Chile. The study examines the production of gender knowledge within a social structure, exploring the complexity of the system and the dynamics between higher education, journalism education and the production of gender knowledge. The methodology used in the study is mixed methods and uses four techniques of data collection: semi-structured interviews, participant observation, content analysis and documentary research. Four organisations of mass media and four universities were observed. Curricula from 1982 to 2012 were examined from the four universities selected and a total of 13 course structures, with a total of 222 units of study, were reviewed. Thirty-two people were interviewed who had experience in teaching journalism education, were journalists or were key informants of mass media organizations. The multilevel analysis in the study allowed an approach that went beyond the study of the production of gender knowledge as an isolated phenomenon within journalism education. The study concludes that there is a dislocation of theoretical and disciplinary knowledge and a systemic marginalisation of gender knowledge within journalism education. The historical analysis shows that this lack is longstanding. The absence of gender knowledge appears as a first result of the curricular analysis and in the teaching practice. The absence emerges as the structure that organises practices and relations of gender, which generates a specific gender order that involves specific power relations. In the case of the production of knowledge in journalism education, results suggest that masculinity works as a hegemonic power that makes gender knowledge appear as a system of absence. The thesis proposes that the absence of gender knowledge can be understood as a feature of hegemonic power that paradoxically appears as the hegemonic voice that generates a gender meaning v system within universities. Thus, there is not an absence of gender within the curriculum. What is found is that there is a hegemonic presence of masculinity. The curriculum of each university shows the gender regime of each institution. Institutions operate in a gendered context that involves every practice and decision that people take, including the selection of content. In the case of journalism education, the gender regime appears highly masculinised. What is found within the curricula is a gendered imbalance of capacity to generate knowledge. The study concludes that the production of knowledge, and especially the production of gender knowledge, is an intellectual activity that involves the complexity of the structure of the university that includes division of labour, gender relations of power, emotions and human relations and gendered culture and symbolism. The role of emotions is a key element in the production as well as the resistance towards gender knowledge and gender itself.
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Lee, Jeong-Shim. "Process dynamics of gender policymaking acts of violence against women in South Korea /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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York, Melinda Roberts. "Violence against women the dynamics associated with traditional gender attitudes and social capital /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2009/m_york_070809.pdf.
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Osman, Amira A. "The Dynamics of Livelihood and Gender Relations in Sudan: The Case of Displacement Camps in Khartoum." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5700.
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Erucar, Sengul. "A Feminist Analysis Of The Gender Dynamics In The Alevi Belief And Cem Rituals." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612817/index.pdf.
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This thesis aims to analyze the gender dynamics in the Alevi belief and the &lsquoCem&rsquo
rituals by focusing on the gap and tension between the discourse of equality and practices of the rituals. Within the framework of a theoretical approach which underlines the evolution of monotheistic religions along a patriarchal line of development and the resultant subordination of women particularly in the rituals, the approach and the discourse of the Alevi belief on women is overviewed. In this study, &lsquo
cem&rsquo
ceremonies of the selected Alevi communities in Istanbul and Isparta are analyzed empirically. It is contended that while there are significant differences in terms of gender dynamics and women&rsquo
s position between the observed cems, in general the gender equality principle of the belief is not fully realized. It is contended that the gender issue and women&rsquo
s position vis-a-vis men constitute a major site of the constitution of the Alevi identity in the Turkish society. However, although patriarchal practices and premises have permeated the ritual dynamics of the Alevis, they are also subject to ongoing negotiations, legitimizations and interpretations by male and female actors of the community.