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Grohmann, Bianca. "Gender Dimensions of Brand Personality." Journal of Marketing Research 46, no. 1 (February 2009): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.46.1.105.
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Maria Ugolini, Marta, Fabio Cassia, and Vania Vigolo. "Services branding: is it a matter of gender?" TQM Journal 26, no. 1 (January 7, 2014): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-01-2013-0002.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to verify whether gender traits of brand personality (masculinity vs femininity) are able to differentiate services brands belonging to the same service industry. Second, this paper intends to assess the validity of Grohmann's scale (that measures the masculine and the feminine dimensions of brand personality) among Italian consumers. Design/methodology/approach – Empirical research was conducted on a sample of 200 consumers. Participants were asked to rate their perceptions of the masculinity vs femininity dimensions of four different service brands (two brands of food retailers and two brands of airlines). Findings – The findings show that Grohmann's scale reaches high levels of validity in the Italian context, as well and that femininity and masculinity measured by that scale are able to register differences in services brand positioning for brands belonging to the same service industry. Research limitations/implications – The services category includes very heterogeneous services with different degrees of interaction and consumer's involvement. Further studies are needed to isolate the impact of the perceived MBP and FBP associated either with the service industry/category or with the specific brand. Practical implications – Marketing managers can actively try to influence consumer's perceptions of FBP and MBP through the brand logo colors, brands slogans, masculine or feminine spokespeople, etc. to obtain their desired positioning. Originality/value – The paper is the first to specifically study brand personality's gender dimensions within services environments. The paper also supports the validity of Grohmann's scale outside the German context.
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Upadhyaya, Makarand. "STUDYING BRAND TRAITS ELEMENTS IN CASUALWEAR: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 5 (October 5, 2019): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7546.
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Purpose of the study: Brand management is becoming increasingly a complex task in the present competitive world. Thus, in order to overcome such challenges, brand management is required which is personality-directed known as brand personality. Though this concept has gained importance, there is less number of studies conducted with respect to sportswear, where the threat of homogeneity strongly prevails. So, the first purpose in this study is to identify the brand personality dimensions of Sportswear using Aaker’s brand personality scale (1997) whereas the second purpose is to determine whether there are any significant differences in the perception of respondents with respect to these dimensions and finally the third purpose is to determine the extent to which these dimensions influence brand preference.
Methodology: The data was collected from 700 college and university students from Indore, based on there popularity and students' strength and was analyzed using factor analysis, independent T-test, ANOVA and step-wise multiple regression techniques. The results indicated that seven brand personality dimensions were extracted for sportswear in Indore named Competence, Excitement, Sophistication, Sincerity, Small-town, Family oriented and Ruggedness. Ruggedness and Excitement dimensions are identified as the best predictors of brand preference for sportswear. Further, it is found that among the various socio-economic variables such as gender, age, and family income, only gender had significant differences with respect to five dimensions.
Main Findings: The results also suggested that, among the socio-economic variables considered in the study, gender was the most influential variable than other variables, thereby suggesting the importance of this factor in formulating the promotional policies for the sportswear brands.
Applications of this study: it would be helpful for brand managers to especially focus, apart from the common dimensions, on the dimensions specific to their brands to harness competitive advantage. The findings suggest that there is a significant role played by brand personality dimensions in influencing consumers’ preference for sportswear brands.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The analysis in respect of the importance of brand personality dimensions in influencing consumers' brand preference shows that two dimensions namely Ruggedness and Excitement significantly influenced consumers’ brand preference of sportswear brands.
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Guevremont, Amelie, and Bianca Grohmann. "Consonants in brand names influence brand gender perceptions." European Journal of Marketing 49, no. 1/2 (February 9, 2015): 101–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-02-2013-0106.
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Purpose – This paper examines to what extent consonants in brand names influence consumers’ perceptions of feminine and masculine brand personality. Design/methodology/approach – Four experiments empirically test the influence of consonants on feminine and masculine brand personality. The experiments involve different sets of new brand names, variations regarding the consonants tested (the stops k and t, the fricatives f and s), as well as different locations of the focal consonant in the brand name. Findings – Consonants influence consumers’ brand perceptions: brand masculinity is enhanced by stops (rather than fricatives), and brand femininity is enhanced by fricatives (rather than stops). Consonants specifically affect feminine and masculine brand personality, but not other brand personality dimensions. Consumers’ responses to brand names and resulting brand gender perceptions (i.e. likelihood to recommend) were moderated by salience of masculinity or femininity as a desirable brand attribute. Practical implications – This research has implications for brand name selection: consonants are effective in creating a specifically masculine or a feminine brand personality. Originality/value – This research is the first to specifically link consonants and feminine/masculine brand personality. By specifically examining consonants, this research extends the marketing literature on sound symbolism that is characterized by a focus on vowels effects. This research is also the first to address whether the position of the focal phoneme in the brand name matters.
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Lieven, Theo, Bianca Grohmann, Andreas Herrmann, Jan R. Landwehr, and Miriam van Tilburg. "The effect of brand design on brand gender perceptions and brand preference." European Journal of Marketing 49, no. 1/2 (February 9, 2015): 146–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-08-2012-0456.
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Purpose – This research aims to examine the impact of brand design elements (logo shape, brand name, type font and color) on brand masculinity and femininity perceptions, consumer preferences and brand equity. Design/methodology/approach – This research empirically tests the relation between brand design elements, brand masculinity and femininity and brand preferences/equity in four studies involving fictitious and real brands. Findings – Brand design elements consistently influenced brand masculinity and femininity perceptions. These, in turn, significantly related to consumer preferences and brand equity. Brand masculinity and femininity perceptions successfully predicted brand equity above and beyond other brand personality dimensions. Research limitations/implications – Although this research used a wide range of brand design elements, the interactive effects of various design elements warrant further research. Practical implications – This research demonstrates how markers of masculinity and femininity that are discussed in the evolutionary psychology literature can be applied to the brand design of new and existing brands. Originality/value – This research considers the impact of multiple brand design elements (logo shape, brand name, type font and color) and involves a wide range of brands and product categories.
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Zara Hayat, Sahar Hayat, Saba Hayat, and Hayat Muhammad Awan. "A Framework for Assessing Impact of Brand Personality on Customer Satisfaction: The Moderating Role of Gender and Age." Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 6, no. 3 (September 9, 2020): 999–1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v6i3.1334.
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This study develops an empirical examination of brand personalities in cellular phone sector of Pakistan as a predictor of customer satisfaction. The purpose of this research is to develop a framework that how brand personality of cell phone can increase the level of customer satisfaction. This study also aims to test the moderating role of demographic characteristics (Gender and Age) in the relationship between brand personalities and customer satisfaction. A sample of 300 cell phone users from 5 cities of Pakistan is selected .Based on the survey of consumers of cell phones; the authors checked the effect of brand personality on customer satisfaction. Moderation Analysis was used to check the moderation effect of demographic characteristics (Gender and Age) on the relationship between brand personality and customer satisfaction. Results indicated that due to different dimensions of brand personality of cell phones, customer observed massive satisfaction level. So, since customer faced more satisfaction, they signified more intention towards brand. Further, our research also confirmed the moderating role of Customer Age. This study reveals that when cell phone manufacturing companies invest the human characteristics into their brand so that personality of their brand can develop, their customers can be more loyal towards organization and their level of satisfaction increased. Marketers and Brand Managers must develop marketing and advertisement activities in line with the personality of their cell phone brands.
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Aaker, Jennifer L. "Dimensions of Brand Personality." Journal of Marketing Research 34, no. 3 (August 1997): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3151897.
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Aaker, Jennifer L. "Dimensions of Brand Personality." Journal of Marketing Research 34, no. 3 (August 1997): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224379703400304.
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Although a considerable amount of research in personality psychology has been done to conceptualize human personality, identify the “Big Five” dimensions, and explore the meaning of each dimension, no parallel research has been conducted in consumer behavior on brand personality. Consequently, an understanding of the symbolic use of brands has been limited in the consumer behavior literature. In this research, the author develops a theoretical framework of the brand personality construct by determining the number and nature of dimensions of brand personality (Sincerity, Excitement, Competence, Sophistication, and Ruggedness). To measure the five brand personality dimensions, a reliable, valid, and generalizable measurement scale is created. Finally, theoretical and practical implications regarding the symbolic use of brands are discussed.
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Chu, Shu-Chuan, and Yongjun Sung. "Brand personality dimensions in China." Journal of Marketing Communications 17, no. 3 (July 2011): 163–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13527260903387931.
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George, Jijo, and Victor Anandkumar. "Dimensions of Product Brand Personality." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 22, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972262918803496.
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The success of a brand relies on the extent to which it differentiates itself from the myriad of competitors. As brands seek to become distinctive, brand personality is viewed as a viable metaphor for understanding consumers’ perceptions of brands and for crafting a unique identity in their minds. Measurement and management of brand personality becomes significant in this regard. Most of the existing brand personality scales are either designed to measure the brand personality construct in general or to measure particular categories of brands. There is a lack of a scale which measures the personality of product brands as such. This research tries to fill this lacuna by creating a new product brand personality scale incorporating various advancements in the field of brand personality measurement. This study employs a mixed method approach and the important phases include construct definition, item generation, measure purification, assessment of reliability and validity, and development of a short version of the scale. Findings of this research reconfirm the consumers' tendency to attribute personality characteristics to brands. It also identifies seven dimensions of product brand personality with 26 items.
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Yao, Qing, Rong Chen, and Xiaobing Xu. "Consistency Between Consumer Personality and Brand Personality Influences Brand Attachment." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 43, no. 9 (October 16, 2015): 1419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2015.43.9.1419.
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We investigated the impact of consistency between consumer personality and brand personality on emotional brand attachment. Participants were 200 undergraduate students at Tsinghua University and we used leading brands in the product category of mobile phone as the survey's stimuli. The results of a structural equation model suggested that consistency in the personality dimensions of sincere, cool, and young had a significant positive impact on the participants' brand attachment compared with consistency in the dimensions of simple, sensitive, reliable, and competent. The results provide strong support for the hypothesis that people feel emotionally attached to brands that match their personality or reflect who they believe they are. We also discuss important theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
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Su, Jin, and Xiao Tong. "Brand personality and brand equity: evidence from the sportswear industry." Journal of Product & Brand Management 24, no. 2 (April 20, 2015): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-01-2014-0482.
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Purpose – This paper aims to explore the personalities of sportswear brands and their relationship to brand equity using Aaker’s methodology in the context of sportswear brands. Design/methodology/approach – This paper used Aaker’s brand personality framework to empirically investigate the personality of sportswear brands and the impact of brand personality on brand equity based on data collected from 420 college students. Findings – Results revealed that the personality of sportswear brands can be described in seven dimensions and 53 personality traits: competence, attractiveness, sincerity, innovation, activity, excitement and ruggedness. The study identified that four dimensions among all the seven personality dimensions, namely, competence, attractiveness, Sincerity and innovation, are the positive and significant contributing factors to the creation and enhancement of sportswear brand equity. Originality/value – This study makes an important contribution to the understanding of brand personality and brand equity in the context of sportswear brands. It confirmed that consumers do associate particular brand personality dimensions with sportswear brands, and certain dimensions of brand personality have a direct impact on brand equity. The study showed that not all brand personality dimensions have the same influence in increasing the value of a sportswear brand from a consumer perspective, some dimensions being more efficient than others. The findings provide insights as to what dimensions of brand personality would deliver the best result in today’s competitive sportswear market.
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Hwang, Yong Chul, and Sang Jin Han. "Brand Personality and Gender Differences." Journal of Business Convergence 6, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31152/jb.2021.05.6.2.65.
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Davies, Gary, José I. Rojas-Méndez, Susan Whelan, Melisa Mete, and Theresa Loo. "Brand personality: theory and dimensionality." Journal of Product & Brand Management 27, no. 2 (March 12, 2018): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-06-2017-1499.
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Purpose This paper aims to critique human personality as a theory underpinning brand personality and to propose instead a theory from human perception, and by doing so, to identify universally relevant dimensions. Design/methodology/approach A review of published measures of brand personality, a re-analysis of two existing data bases and the analysis of one new database are used to argue and test for the dimensions derived from perception theory. Findings Existing work on brand personality suggests 16 separate dimensions for the construct, but some appear common to most measures. When non-orthogonal rotation is used to re-analyse existing trait data on brand personality, three dimensions derived from signalling and associated theory can emerge: sincerity (e.g. warm, friendly and agreeable), competence (e.g. competent, effective and efficient) and status (e.g. prestigious, elegant and sophisticated). The first two are common to most measures, status is not. Research limitations/implications Three dimensions derived from signalling and associated theory are proposed as generic, relevant to all contexts and cultures. They can be supplemented by context specific dimensions. Practical implications Measures of these three dimensions should be included in all measures of brand personality. Originality/value Prior work on brand personality has focussed on identifying apparently new dimensions for the construct. While most work is not theoretically based, some have argued for the relevance of human personality. That model is challenged, and an alternative approach to both theory and analysis is proposed and successfully tested.
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Kim, Jooyoung, Tae Hyun Baek, and Hugh J. Martin. "Dimensions of News Media Brand Personality." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 87, no. 1 (March 2010): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769901008700107.
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Olavarrieta, Sergio, Roberto Friedmann, and Enrique Manzur. "Brand Personality in Chile." Estudios de Administración 17, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0719-0816.2010.56336.
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The purpose of our study is to extend previous work on brand personality (Aaker 1997). While following Aaker’s recommended methodology, we did so in the context of an emerging market
economy such as Chile, and using a combined emic-etic research approach. Then, we investigated the cross-cultural applicability of the construct and we also look into the applicability of the
measurement instrument developed by Aaker (1997). After several validation studies, six brand personality dimensions were found instead of the original North American based study, with tradition being the new Chilean dimension. This is consistent with previous work finding nation-specific dimensions in Japan, Spain, and France (i.e. Aaker, Benet-Martinez, Garolera, 2001; Koebel and Landwein, 1999). Insights for the understanding and management of brand images in international contexts, complementing parallel work done in other developed nations are derived.
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Toldos-Romero, María de la Paz, and Ma Margarita Orozco-Gómez. "Brand personality and purchase intention." European Business Review 27, no. 5 (August 10, 2015): 462–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-03-2013-0046.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of brand personality dimensions on purchase intention. Furthermore, the brand personality dimensions are compared to study the differences between users and non-users of 12 brands. Design/methodology/approach – An estimated 400 undergraduate students participated. They were given a questionnaire divided into two sessions (six brands of think products in one session and six brands of feel products in another session). In the end, 313 participants completed the questionnaire on the six brands of think products, and 320 completed the questionnaire on the six brands of feel products. Findings – Multiple regression analysis revealed that Hipness/Vivacity, Success, Sincerity and Sophistication brand personality dimensions are significant predictors of purchase intention. In addition, Domesticity/Emotionality and Professionalism also explain purchase intention but with a negative weight. The results are also broken down into product categories. Compared with non-users of the brands, the users rate the brands higher in all the brand personality dimensions. Practical implications – This paper should prove useful to marketing practitioners to understand how Mexican customers perceive their brands and those of their competitors and, therefore, to understand what competitors of these brands can do to increase purchase intention. Originality/value – The results found regarding purchase intention are important, as they can be used to identify those personality brand dimensions that appear to be most important in explaining consumer preferences.
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Muniz, Karlan Muller, and Renato Zancan Marchetti. "Brand personality dimensions in the Brazilian context." BAR - Brazilian Administration Review 9, no. 2 (June 2012): 168–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1807-76922012000200004.
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Pandey, Shivendra, Arpita Khare, and Preshth Bhardwaj. "Antecedents to local store loyalty: influence of culture, cosmopolitanism and price." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 43, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-08-2013-0156.
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Purpose – Cosmopolitanism is on the rise in India and traditionally shoppers have been known to patronize local stores. There is a need therefore to see the effect of cosmopolitanism and culture in context of loyalty towards local stores. Grocery items constitute major portion of purchase from local stores, therefore, pricing was also considered as a variable affecting store loyalty. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – The paper used conclusive approach using a structured questionnaire for survey. The sample consisted of 710 respondents. There was almost an equal representation of both genders and also of metropolitan and non-metropolitan consumers. Findings – Culture and price affected local store loyalty directly. Cosmopolitanism was not found to have direct effect on loyalty. Within cultural dimensions, masculinity emerged as the most dominating trait. Minor modifications in cultural scale and major modifications in local store loyalty and cosmopolitanism are also suggested. Research limitations/implications – The study focuses only on three factors: price, culture, and cosmopolitanism. It does not examine influence of variables like personal values, lifestyle, and personality on local store loyalty behaviour. The research did not examine relationship between nature and type of product purchase decisions and its impact on store choice. Practical implications – Local stores need not be unduly worried with the incoming of organized players. The organized players should try to be cheaper and learn some tactics of local stores like customization, etc. There is a case for allowing FDI in multi-brand retail. Originality/value – Cosmopolitanism not affecting the local store loyalty directly is the original contribution of the paper. The finding casts doubts on the growth strategy of organized retailers who are opening new stores with the thinking that cosmopolitan consumer will shop from them instead of local retailers.
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Ahmad, Muhamad Fazil. "Antecedents of halal brand personality." Journal of Islamic Marketing 6, no. 2 (June 8, 2015): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jima-03-2014-0023.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to create and manage halal brands as valuable business assets based on a proposed halal Brand Personality dimension in the micro-spectrum of halalan (lawful) Tayyiba (good) concept in Malaysia. The chances of using Brand personality attributes as a mechanism to get the primary dimensions of halal branding attributes are high. Design/methodology/approach – Methods of interviews and surveys were conducted based on personality traits to construct key dimensions and attributes of the halal Brand Personality. A structured interview with seven halal certification experts from The Malaysian Department of Islamic Development (Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia – JAKIM) and factor analysis method were based on non-probability, basic sampling using questionnaire surveys on 135 personnel from the Department of Islamic Affairs, Terengganu (Jabatan Hal Ehwal Agama Islam Terengganu, Malaysia – JHEAT) that were involved directly or indirectly in monitoring halal certification. Findings – The author aims to cultivate a theoretical framework for the halal Brand Personality. The paper introduces five dimensions, namely, Purity, Excitement, Safety, Sophistication and Righteousness. Originality/value – The extraction of the five factors that contribute to the halal Brand Personality has been considered to be an assurance and screening process for halal products and services. It embodies values that are not just for Muslims but for everyone.
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Molinillo, Sebastian, Arnold Japutra, Bang Nguyen, and Cheng-Hao Steve Chen. "Responsible brands vs active brands? An examination of brand personality on brand awareness, brand trust, and brand loyalty." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 35, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 166–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-04-2016-0064.
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Purpose There is a rise in interest on the topic of consumer-brand relationships (CBRs) among practitioners and academics. Consumers are said to build relationships with brands that have a personality congruent with their own. The purpose of this paper is to investigate two types of brand personality traits, namely, responsible brands and active brands to predict prominent CBR constructs, including brand awareness, brand trust, and brand loyalty. Design/methodology/approach This study was based on an electronic survey of 339 respondents. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Findings The results show that brand personality positively affects the three CBR constructs. Specifically, the focus is shifted to the two major personality dimensions, responsible and active, respectively. The results indicate that an active brand is a stronger predictor of brand awareness compared to a responsible brand. However, a responsible brand is a stronger predictor of brand trust as well as brand loyalty compared to an active brand. Surprisingly, the results display that active brands lower brand trust and brand loyalty. Practical implications This finding informs brand managers that projecting active brand personality leads to higher awareness. However, projecting more responsible brand leads to greater trust and loyalty. The study highlights that having one personality may not be sufficient to develop an enduring CBR, but a brand personality must “evolve” and progress as the relationship develops over time. Such dynamic brand personality may provide a more long-lasting brand strategy and a greater source of competitive advantage. Originality/value The present study contributes to the marketing literature in three different ways. First, this study adds to the body of knowledge on the relationship between brand personality and CBR constructs using the new measure of BPS. Second, this study assesses the individual level of the new BPS, particularly responsibility and activity, on the three CBR constructs, and in doing so, the study responds to previous studies’ calls to assess the individual capacity of the brand personality dimensions to get consumer preference or loyalty. Third, the study displays which ones of the two dimensions in the new BPS (i.e. responsible and active) may be better predictors to the three CBR constructs.
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Țugulea, Oana. "City Brand Personality—Relations with Dimensions and Dimensions Inter-Relations." Sustainability 9, no. 12 (December 5, 2017): 2243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su9122243.
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Sattar Abulbaqi Al-Azzawi, Abdul. "BRAND PERSONALITY DIMENSIONS OF SPORTSWEAR -AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS IN BAHRAIN." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 1 (January 11, 2020): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.812.
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Purpose of the study: This Study helps consumers to differentiate between the products available in the same product category.
Methodology: The sample design which is used is Nike sportswear; the data were collected from 300 University of Bahrain students studying in Bahrain. In order to analyze the data, factor analysis and multiple regression techniques were applied.
Main Findings: The results indicated that four brand personality dimensions were extracted for the Nike sportswear brand named as Competence, Sincerity, Sophistication, and Excitement. The factors forming the brand personality of Nike were Logo, User Imagery and Advertisement Style.
Applications of this study: This study will enable the marketing practitioners to better understand the personality of Nike sportswear brand from the minds of consumers and better distinguish Nike brand from their competitors.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study will benefit marketing practitioners to understand sportswear brands from the minds of consumers and distinguish their brand from the competitors based on brand personality dimensions, Aaker’s brand personality scale.
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Kang, Chanho, Gregg Bennett, and Jon Welty Peachey. "Five dimensions of brand personality traits in sport." Sport Management Review 19, no. 4 (August 2016): 441–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2016.01.004.
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Maehle, Natalia, Cele Otnes, and Magne Supphellen. "Consumers' perceptions of the dimensions of brand personality." Journal of Consumer Behaviour 10, no. 5 (April 18, 2011): 290–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cb.355.
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Maehle, Natalia, and Magne Supphellen. "In Search of the Sources of Brand Personality." International Journal of Market Research 53, no. 1 (January 2011): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2501/ijmr-53-1-095-114.
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Since Aaker's (1997) seminal article, in which a general measurement scale of brand personality was developed and tested, research on brand personality has burgeoned. However, there are still important gaps in the literature. The primary focus of previous studies has been either on understanding the effects of brand personality or on measurement issues. There is little research on how brand personalities are formed, a fundamental issue for marketers. To fill this gap, we identify in two studies the potential sources of brand personality, and assess their relevance for forming different brand personality dimensions. The pattern of results across studies provides a general framework for selecting the most relevant sources for each of five dimensions of the Aaker's brand personality concept: sincerity, competence, sophistication, excitement and ruggedness.
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Kaur, Harsandaldeep, and Kanwalroop Kaur. "Connecting the dots between brand logo and brand image." Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration 11, no. 1 (January 24, 2019): 68–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjba-06-2018-0101.
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Purpose Although the prominence of brand logo for companies is widely acknowledged, a close examination of the literature reveals lack of empirical research pertaining to effect of brand logo on consumer perception toward brand. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to fill the gap in marketing studies concerning the effect of a logo on consumer evaluations. The research addresses two questions: first, how brand logo favorability helps to increase brand image; and second, how brand logo form consumer perceptions toward brand through brand personality dimensions and brand familiarity? Design/methodology/approach The data were collected from 816 respondents using mall-intercept technique. Structural equation modeling via AMOS was conducted to test the proposed model to gain insight into the various relevant influences and relationships. Findings The findings revealed the importance of the company’s brand logo in enhancing the brand image. The results further highlighted that brand personality dimensions and brand familiarity mediate the relationship between brand logo and brand image. Practical implications The study offers managers a new perspective for building strong brand identity with the help of logos along with the brand personality dimensions and brand familiarity to enhance brand image. Originality/value This study provides novel insights on the impact of brand logo on brand image. This is the first study to determine the mediating role of brand personality in the relationship between brand logo and brand image. It thereby adds to the literature of visual identity by developing the sphere of influence of brand logo and its effects toward brands.
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Bosnjak, Michael, Valerie Bochmann, and Tanja Hufschmidt. "DIMENSIONS OF BRAND PERSONALITY ATTRIBUTIONS: A PERSON-CENTRIC APROACH IN THE GERMAN CULTURAL CONTEXT." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 35, no. 3 (January 1, 2007): 303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2007.35.3.303.
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Research on the symbolic use of commercial brands has shown that individuals prefer those brands matching their own personality. While the Big Five model of human personality is universal, brand personality attributions are partly culture-specific. Furthermore, research investigating brand-related trait attributions has largely neglected negatively valenced traits. Consequently, the objective of this research was to identify and operationalize indigenous German brand personality attributions from a person-centric perspective. This approach entails an exploration of those positive as well as negative human personality dimensions applicable and relevant to brands. Within two studies, four dimensions of brand personality (Drive, Conscientiousness, Emotion, and Superficiality) were identified. A preliminary 20-item instrument is proposed for the parsimonious measurement of brand personality attributions in the German cultural domain.
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Sharma, Rajesh. "Building Consumer-based Brand Equity for Fast Fashion Apparel Brands in the Indian Consumer Market." Management and Labour Studies 45, no. 3 (July 3, 2020): 337–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0258042x20922060.
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Brand equity is a key marketing concept for academia as well as practitioners due to its ability to provide competitive advantage to firms. In the recent past, fast fashion branding has drawn noticeable attention. Since brand equity elements can impact consumers’ perceptions as well as behaviours, firms in fast fashion market want to understand the role of these elements for designing and implementing sustainable brand strategy. By using Aaker’s brand equity model, research was conducted on a sample of population based in the national capital of India and north Indian cities. The survey confirmed that the creation of brand equity is dependent on four brand equity dimensions and that these dimensions are interdependent. The findings show significant, positive and direct impact of brand awareness on brand personality, brand personality on perceived quality and perceived quality on brand loyalty. In addition, brand awareness, brand personality, perceived quality and brand loyalty have significant, positive and direct impact on consumer-based brand equity (CBBE). The current study provides empirical evidence of impact of select brand equity dimensions on each other and all brand equity dimensions on brand equity. This study provides key insights for developing strategies to strengthen CBBE.
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Ha, Hong-Youl. "The evolution of brand personality: an application of online travel agencies." Journal of Services Marketing 30, no. 5 (August 8, 2016): 529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-05-2015-0188.
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Purpose This study aims to assess how continuous outcomes of brand personality vary as a function of time and other predictors. Specifically, the author investigates the roles of brand trust on the direct influence of brand personality, resulting in brand loyalty. Design/methodology/approach Using a longitudinal study of online travel consumers, the author demonstrates that the process of brand evolution is related to the investigation of both temporal and carryover effects. Findings The findings show that the effect of the brand personality–brand trust linkage decreases over time and leads to the re-evaluation of three dimensions of brand personality when changes in consumers’ perceptions are involved in brand evaluations. Another interesting finding is that the carryover effects of these three dimensions of brand personality are much stronger and stable than the effects of brand personality and brand loyalty. Furthermore, this research uncovers the important boundary conditions for the effects of brand trust on the brand personality–brand loyalty linkage. Originality/value This study contributes to the growing literature on tourism management by examining both temporal and carryover effects and using the longitudinal approach. Thus, our study extends prior findings by examining the dynamics of brand personality as determinants of brand loyalty as they develop over time.
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Ahmed, Muhammad, and Muhammad Tahir Jan. "An extension of Aaker’s brand personality model from Islamic perspective: a conceptual study." Journal of Islamic Marketing 6, no. 3 (September 14, 2015): 388–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jima-10-2014-0068.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to browse literature based on Aaker’s brand personality modal and highlight criticism on it. Furthermore, the study proposes an Islamic brand personality modal based on Islamic teachings. Design/methodology/approach – Extensive research on Muslim characteristics based on Qur’an, hadith and scholarly work of traditional and modern scholars has been used to assess Aaker’s model. Expert opinions of faculty members from relevant field are also taken into consideration to propose Islamic brand personality model. Findings – Aaker’s brand personality dimensions have been revised in the light of Islamic teachings. As a result, few pre-existing dimensions have been re-named and several new dimensions such as moral character and trustworthiness are also included. Research limitations/implications – Considering the gap found in literature, the need to conduct brand personality research in the service industry such as Islamic banks is highlighted. Practical implications – Islamic brand personality model may help marketers effectively differentiate Islamic brands such as Islamic banks. It may also reinforce advertising techniques/tools to attract a large Muslim consumer market. Originality/value – This paper is one of the early attempts to see brand personality from Islamic perspective.
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Tong, Xiao, and Jin Su. "Exploring the personality of sportswear brands." Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 4, no. 2 (May 6, 2014): 178–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbm-08-2012-0032.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the personalities that are associated with sportswear brands and tests the applicability of Aaker's brand personality framework in the context of sportswear brands. Design/methodology/approach – This study employed Aaker's brand personality framework to empirically investigate the personality of sportswear brands based on data collected from 420 college students. Findings – Results revealed that consumers perceive seven distinct personality dimensions and 53 personality traits in sportswear brands: Competence, Attractiveness, Sincerity, Innovation, Activity, Excitement, and Ruggedness. Originality/value – This research developed a valid and reliable scale that measures personality for sportswear products and confirms that consumers do associate particular brand personality dimensions with sportswear brands. The findings would help managers in the sportswear market better understand the image of their brand in the minds of consumers and better distinguish their brand from competing brands.
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Banahene, Stephen. "The Impact of Brand Personality and Students’ Self-Concept on Brand Engagement." International Journal of Business and Social Research 7, no. 8 (August 21, 2017): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/ijbsr.v7i8.1055.
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<p>The objective of this study is to investigate how brand personality and customers’ ‘self’ affects brand engagement. This has become necessary because the focus of most research into brands has often neglected how brand personality and customers’ ‘self’ can be harnessed to achieve brand engagement. This study used Aaker’s brand personality, Keller’s brand engagement, and Sprott et. al. self-concept measurement scales. The research methodology includes the following steps: adaptation of the measurement scales to suit the research context, assessment of reliability and validity of dimensions, and test of goodness-of-fit of model. In all 252 valid responses out of 302 questionnaires distributed were used for the study. The research found that brand personality and customers’ ‘self-concept’ have positive effect on brand engagement. Sincerity has negative relationship with brand engagement and self-concept whiles hedonism has negative relationship with self-concept only. Competence, sophistication and excitement dimensions have significant effects on customers’ self-concept and brand engagement. Sincerity and hedonism also have negative effects on self-concept and brand engagement. Competence, sophistication and excitement can be used as differentiate strategy by Private Universities to deal with the growing competition in Ghana. The findings suggest that Private Universities can differentiate themselves by developing brand personality that is competent and exciting, whereby they can successfully engaged their customers. The authors’ investigations also suggest that self-concept can be measured by splitting Sprott et al measurement scale into two (self-congruence and value-congruence). In the same way, brand engagement can be measured by splitting Keller’s measurement scale into two (identification and ambassador dimensions) for theoretical insight. In addition, hedonism has been identified as a useful measure of brand personality but not clear with faith-based Private Universities’ brand personality. Private Universities’ differentiation strategy should be based on competence, sophistication and excitement.</p>
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Brakus, J. Joško, Bernd H. Schmitt, and Lia Zarantonello. "Brand Experience: What is It? How is it Measured? Does it Affect Loyalty?" Journal of Marketing 73, no. 3 (May 2009): 52–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.73.3.052.
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Brand experience is conceptualized as sensations, feelings, cognitions, and behavioral responses evoked by brand-related stimuli that are part of a brand's design and identity, packaging, communications, and environments. The authors distinguish several experience dimensions and construct a brand experience scale that includes four dimensions: sensory, affective, intellectual, and behavioral. In six studies, the authors show that the scale is reliable, valid, and distinct from other brand measures, including brand evaluations, brand involvement, brand attachment, customer delight, and brand personality. Moreover, brand experience affects consumer satisfaction and loyalty directly and indirectly through brand personality associations.
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Keni Keni, Verena Sandra Esmeralda,. "Brand Personality as a Predictor of Consumer Brand Relationship." Jurnal Manajemen 25, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jm.v25i2.736.
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The main idea of this paper is to investigate three dimensions of brand personality, which are excitement, sincerity and ruggedness to predict CBR constructs which comprise of brand love, brand trust and brand loyalty. Convenience sampling method was utilized, in which the respondents are one of soft drink brand’s consumers based in Jakarta. All data were then gathered through an online survey. In total, 312 participants responded to the survey. Structural equation modelling (SEM), specifically partial least square (PLS) was employed to analyze the data. The results of the data analysis indicate that sincerity, excitement and ruggedness brand personality serve as the positive and significant predictors towards brand trust, brand love and brand loyalty. Both thetheoretical and practical contributions are discussed in this study.
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Su, Jin. "Examining the relationships among the brand equity dimensions." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 28, no. 3 (June 13, 2016): 464–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-01-2015-0004.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the nature of the inter-relationships among brand equity dimensions in the fast fashion context. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the empirical data collected from 419 fast fashion consumers in the USA, the study investigated the inter-relationships among the various brand equity dimensions by structural equation modeling. Findings – The findings reveal that brand awareness has a significant and positive direct impact on brand personality and perceived value; brand personality has a significant and positive direct effect on perceived quality and perceived value; and brand awareness, perceived quality and perceived value have a significant and positive direct effect on brand loyalty, respectively. Originality/value – Applying the brand equity model in the fast fashion industry and surveying actual consumers, the research provides in-depth empirical evidence of the interactions among the brand equity dimensions. Since fast fashion has become a key feature of the global fashion industry over the last decade, understanding the elements of brand equity and the inter-relationships among them provides important insights to marketing practitioners to develop strategies which encourage the growth of brand equity.
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Thomas, Bejoy John, and P. C. Sekar. "Measurement and Validity of Jennifer Aaker's Brand Personality Scale for Colgate Brand." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 33, no. 3 (July 2008): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920080304.
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Brand differentiation is now becoming an important tactic for combating competition in the hostile marketplace. A viable solution for establishing the distinctiveness of a brand is through brand personality. Attaching personalities to brands contributes to a differentiating brand identity, which can make brands more desirable to the consumer. Jennifer Aaker developed a specialized brand personality scale, the five dimensions of the scale being sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication, and ruggedness. This study focused on measuring the brand personality of Colgate brand and exploring the model validity of Jennifer Aaker's Brand Personality scale. The study indicated that: About 93 per cent of the respondents used toothpaste and toothbrush among the oral care products. About 55 per cent of the respondents used only Colgate brand and about 39 per cent used Close-up and Pepsodent together with Colgate brand. 61 per cent of the respondents who were using only Colgate brand were using the brand for more than three years which indicates that most of the respondents had an understanding about the Colgate brand. Most of the respondents who were using more than one brand have indicated that they switch among the brands once in three months or once in more than six months. About 53 per cent of the respondents have indicated that they prefer Colgate dental cream among Colgate paste brands and 35 per cent Colgate Cibaca top among Colgate toothbrush brands. Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed that ruggedness, competence, and excitement are the main dimensions of Colgate Brand Personality. This shows that the company should stress more on its functional benefits than the emotional benefits whenever the company introduces a new brand, new ad campaign or any other form of communication with the user. The items—trendy, exciting, and young—under Exciting Dimension are more relevant for the Colgate brand and the items—cool, contemporary and imaginative—are not applicable to the Colgate brand. This will be a major finding for the company and ad agency because they can improve the score in this dimension by concentrating on the creativity and contemporariness of its advertisements and other promotional materials. Also, the items—confident, secure, and hardworking—under Competence Dimension are more relevant for the Colgate Brand and the item—successful—is not applicable to the Colgate brand. This finding will be an eye opener for the company A validity check of the scale using Factor Analysis was carried out which indicates that the number of dimensions of Brand Personality is 13 and that about 10 items of Jennifer Aaker—s Brand Personality scale are not applicable in the Indian situation. The applicability of this scale in the Indian situation was not checked because it required an exploratory study to identify the dimensions of Brand Personality in the Indian situation. Hence, identifying the Indian Brand Personality construct can be undertaken by future researchers.
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Opoku, Robert Ankomah, Albert Caruana, Leyland Pitt, Pierre Berthon, Asa Wahlstrom, and Deon Nel. "Online Communication of Brand Personality." Journal of General Management 35, no. 1 (September 2009): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030630700903500105.
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Brand personality has often been considered from the perspective of products, corporate brands or countries, but rarely among service offerings. Moreover, there remains the consideration of how these entities are communicated online. This article explores the brand personality dimensions that business schools communicate and whether they differ in putting across clear and distinctive brand personalities in cyberspace. Three clusters from the Financial Times’ top 100 full-time global MBA programs in 2005 are used to undertake a combination of computerised content and correspondence analyses. The content analysis was structured using Aaker's Rve-dimensional framework whilst the positioning maps were produced by examining the data using correspondence analysis. Results indicate that some schools have clear brand personalities while others fail to communicate their brand personalities in a distinct way. This study also illustrates a powerful, but simple and relatively inexpensive way for organisations and brand researchers to study the brand personalities actually being communicated.
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Visentin, Marco, Mariachiara Colucci, and Gian Luca Marzocchi. "Brand Measurement Scales and Underlying Cognitive Dimensions." International Journal of Market Research 55, no. 1 (January 2013): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2501/ijmr-2013-006.
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The aim of this exploratory research is to compare a well-known scale, the Aaker brand personality scale, with an empirical scale based on individuals' relevant attributes, in order to analyse why they can lead to similar brand positioning maps. We provide empirical evidence of how a bias can overwrite the ability of a measurement scale to actually measure its underlying construct. In order to do so, we first find that the two sets of attributes – one derived from the brand personality scale, the other reflecting attributes obtained through a focus group – span common cognitive representations when translated into perceptual maps. We then prove that this outcome is caused by a bias stemming from a more holistic view of the brand, which forces the two cognitive structures towards a common perceptual representation. We conclude discussing the challenges for current theory implicit in our findings, and the implications for managerial practice.
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van Deventer, Marko, and Nkosinamandla Erasmus Shezi. "Generation Y consumers’ perceived brand personality of South African retail banks." Banks and Bank Systems 16, no. 3 (September 27, 2021): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.16(3).2021.12.
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Successful management of a retail bank’s brand requires some form of brand image, such as brand personality. Creating a retail bank’s brand personality is effective in establishing attachment between customers and the retail-banking brand they choose to support based on self-identification. As such, this study’s aim is to investigate the bank identification and perceived brand personality dimensions of retail banks among the profitable and significantly sized Generation Y banking market. For this study, a non-probability convenience sample of 300 Generation Y banking customers was used. A self-administered questionnaire was developed for data collection. The results of the study suggest that Generation Y customers perceive their chosen retail bank as successful, sophisticated, sincere, rugged, community driven and classic. Moreover, the results showed that the brand personality dimensions of community driven and successfulness are mostly related to the identification of Generation Y customers with their retail bank brand. Customers who easily identify with their retail bank brand bring financial benefits to the bank, as these customers remain loyal to the brand. The results provide insights that can help retail banks to better understand their current brand personality perceptions, which is important given that brand personality can improve bank brand identification among customers.
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Sung, Yongjun, Sejung Marina Choi, Hongmin Ahn, and Young-A. Song. "Dimensions of Luxury Brand Personality: Scale Development and Validation." Psychology & Marketing 32, no. 1 (December 11, 2014): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mar.20767.
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Wu, Lan, Richard R. Klink, and Jiansheng Guo. "Creating Gender Brand Personality with Brand Names: The Effects of Phonetic Symbolism." Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice 21, no. 3 (July 2013): 319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/mtp1069-6679210306.
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Cui, Ying. "Transference of brand personality in brand name translation: A case study on the Chinese-English translation of men’s clothing brands." Semiotica 2019, no. 230 (October 25, 2019): 475–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2017-0120.
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Abstract Brand names are endowed with personalities that appeal to consumers, and such personalities are often adjusted in translation. This research aims to explore the transference of brand personality dimensions in the Chinese-English translation of men’s clothing brands, which embody consumers’ values and self-perceptions as well as social cultural meanings, in the hope of revealing male consumers’ psychological characteristics and providing a reference for translators. This investigation studies the brand personality frameworks for English and Chinese consumers, analyzes a corpus of 477 Chinese-English men’s clothing brands, summarizes the major personality dimensions for men’s clothing brands, and explores how they are transferred in translation. As brand personalities reflect target consumers’ psychology to a certain extent, exploring the transference of brand personality dimensions in the Chinese-English translation of men’s clothing brands can reveal the differences between Chinese and English male consumers’ values and mentality, which can serve as a reference for translators and international businesses.
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Cruise, Sharon Mary, Christopher Alan Lewis, and Conor Mc Guckin. "Revisiting Eysenck’s personality dimensions and gender orientation." Irish Journal of Psychology 28, no. 3-4 (January 2007): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03033910.2007.10446258.
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Phạm Thị Lan, Hương, and Huy Nguyễn Minh. "A Study of Destination Brand Personality for Đà Nẵng Tourism." Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies 221 (July 1, 2014): 144–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24311/jabes/2014.221.03.
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Destination brand personality is a rather new approach taken by many academic and empirical researches. Destination brand personality became an important structure to understand a tourist’s choice process, and a way of differentiating destinations and enhancing their competitiveness. The research focuses on analyses of destination brand personalities of Đà Nẵng based on domestic tourists’ perception in order to identify dimensions and strengths of personalities associated with Đà Nẵng as a destination. The results show that destination brand personality can be identified through three dimensions: sincerity, excitement, and competence-charming, which consist of thirteen items. Among them, sincerity and excitement are two principal factors of destination personality, compliant with findings by most previous researches. The new factor for destination of Đà Nẵng is competence-charming.
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Zainudin, Muhamad Izzuddin, Faridah Haji Hasan, and Abdul Kadir Othman. "Halal brand personality and brand loyalty among millennial modest fashion consumers in Malaysia." Journal of Islamic Marketing 11, no. 6 (August 8, 2019): 1277–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jima-10-2018-0187.
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Purpose The growing competition in Malaysia’s modest fashion industry has proven to be the main challenge for the business to stay relevant in the market. Based on this reason, it is vital for marketers to create a differentiation in their brands to attract more customers. One of the ways to create this differentiation is by establishing brand personality. Brand personality does not only differentiate from one product to another but is also a common strategy used by marketers to create competitive advantage for their business. Although brand personality has been studied on various product brands, limited research has been done on Muslim products, especially modest fashion apparel. Because modest fashion is considered as Muslim products in Malaysia, this paper aims to examine the relationship between Halal brand personality and brand loyalty with the aim of providing a better understanding of the Islamic marketing concept. Design/methodology/approach Descriptive survey design was conducted to measure consumer behavior, attitude and perception within a specific period. A total of 400 respondents were identified for the study. Purposive sampling was chosen for this study because the respondents are expected to have same set of characteristics and perceptions toward the phenomena. Five-point Likert scale was used to assess consumers’ perception of the relationship between Halal brand personality and brand loyalty. Last but not least, SPSS software (Version 22.0) was used to analyze the data through multiple regression analysis. Findings The result indicated that only three out of five Halal brand personality dimensions have a significant relationship with brand loyalty. The three significant dimensions are excitement, sophistication and righteousness. It can be concluded that modest fashion brands need to include all of the three dimensions in their branding strategy. Research limitations/implications Two main limitations in this study is that it was conducted only in a stipulated period and it focused only on one generational cohort, which is millennial consumers. Practical implications This study provides new recommendations to the knowledge gap of brand personality introduced by Aaker (1997). It helps the marketers and researchers to understand the importance of emphasizing religious values in marketing Halal products to their consumers. This study further recognizes the relationship between Halal brand personality and brand loyalty, particularly with regard to millennial’s modest fashion consumption. Originality/value Brand personality has received levels of attention from academics and practitioners alike; however, there is a lack of research on Halal brand personality in marketing field, particularly on its relationship with brand loyalty. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study presents the first empirical test of the direct effect of Halal brand personality and how it drives millennial consumers’ brand loyalty.
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Akin, Murat. "The Impacts of Brand Personality on Brand Loyalty: A Research on Automobile Brands in Turkey." International Journal of Marketing Studies 9, no. 2 (March 10, 2017): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v9n2p134.
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In this pilot study investigating the impacts of automobile brand personality perceptions of Turkish consumers on their attitudinal and behavioral intentions, the effects of the personality attributed to the brand by the consumers on their behavioral intentions regarding preferences, recommendations and willingness to pay higher prices for the brand are examined. The study consists of two main parts. Definitions of brand personality and brand loyalty are made in the literature review section where the conceptual framework is sought to be formed. Our hypothesis to test the attitudinal and behavioral effects of the automobile brand personality following the conceptual framework is analyzed using a sample of 368 participants. The research results indicate that automobile brands are perceived such as competent and excited, and the effects of these dimensions on both behavioral and attitudinal loyalty have been seen to be stronger than the effects on the other two dimensions, namely, conventionality and androgyny. In the conclusion of the study, the impacts are evaluated, and suggestions are given to business managers, marketing researchers, and marketing researchers.
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Lesmana, Rudy Prilto, Margaretha Margawati van Eymeren, and Ferdinand Fransiscus Tanuwidjaja. "The Art of Luxury: Sealy Brand Personality Identification." International Journal of Business Studies 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32924/ijbs.v5i2.183.
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Sealy is one of luxury mattress brands in the global market that since 2013 strives to have a successful business in the Indonesia luxury mattress market. In Indonesia, Sealy competes directly with many top collection models from several other international mattress brands. To face the competition, Sealy needs brand personality. This research aims to identify Sealy's brand personality, which can be used as a guideline for the company when setting up its marketing communication plan. This research's methods are qualitative, and as desk research, the unit analysis are both product-related and non-product-related characteristics of Sealy that called drivers. This research constructs a category based on 42 traits, 15 facets, and 5 dimensions of Aaker’s brand personality framework to analyze Sealy's specific brand drivers. The result is that Sealy main personalities are leader and upper class from competence and sophistication dimensions.
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Nikhashemi, S. R., and Naser Valaei. "The chain of effects from brand personality and functional congruity to stages of brand loyalty." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 30, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 84–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-01-2017-0016.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the impacts of brand personality and functional congruity on various components of brand loyalty (i.e. cognitive, affective, and conative) by examining the moderating role of gender. Design/methodology/approach The proposed model is examined by considering car as a product brand stimulus. Using a self-structured questionnaire, 263 usable responses are considered for data analysis by applying the structural equation modelling method. Findings The findings indicate that all hypotheses on the relationships between brand personality, functional congruity, and stages of brand loyalty are supported except for the relationship between brand personality and conative loyalty, whereby brand personality indirectly have impacts on conative brand loyalty via functional congruity. The outcome of the multi-group analysis shows that the impact of brand personality and functional congruity on cognitive, affective, and conative brand loyalty varies across gender groups. Practical implications The results indicate that if marketing managers are willing to create cognitive, affective as well as conative brand loyalty among consumers, they ought to tally their consumers’ purchasing and evaluation criteria with the functional and symbolic attributes. If the target consumers were motivated to purchase the product based on the symbolic attributes (as preferred by females in the present study), more attention should be focussed on communicating and delivering the symbolic attributes during their marketing campaign; on the other hand, if the consumers were inclined to buy product based on the utilitarian functions (as preferred by males in the current study), more emphasis should be placed on the functional values and attributes. Originality/value This study is the first to utilise self-congruity and the elaboration likelihood model to explain the influence of brand personality and functional congruity on each component of brand loyalty within the automobile industry’s context. This study on the moderating role of gender shows that the effect of brand personality and functional congruity is different across gender groups. The findings can help marketers to design an effective brand positioning and marketing strategies in order to stay competitive.
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Mohtar, Mozard, John M. Rudd, and Heiner Evanschitzky. "Clarifying the brand personality construct in Malaysia." Journal of Consumer Marketing 36, no. 7 (November 11, 2019): 869–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-03-2018-2617.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the variations in brand personality trait items to describe both global and local brands in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopted both factor analytic and experimental methods to investigate the internal and external validity of Malaysia brand personality (MBP) scale. They followed a stringent scale development process that ensures the scale conform to psychometric properties. Findings In seven studies, the results show that the 22-item four-factor Malaysian brand personality scale adheres to strong psychometric properties of scale development process. The findings further indicate that there are seven indigenous traits, while most traits emerge from factor analyses originate from studies of Aaker (1997) and colleagues (2001). This confirms universality of some brand personality traits and dimensions. Research limitations/implications Within the limits of the study, we did not examine the MBP facet level, and were confined to those respondents in Klang Valley only. Practical implications The MBP scale enables marketing managers in Malaysia to focus on brand personality dimensions that their customers can relate to. In other words, marketing communications can be more efficient when managers can identify brand personality traits that enhance customers’ behaviors and profitability. Originality/value Malaysia is a multicultural and multiethnic country which is increasingly becoming the focus of international brand expansion. The authors view that the development of the MBP scale is timely and should provide managers further insights into the brand personality structure that is relevant in Malaysia.