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Journal articles on the topic 'Gender differentiated'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Thurtell, Joel, and Emily Klancher Merchant. "Gender-Differentiated Tarascan Surnames in Michoacán." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 48, no. 4 (February 2018): 465–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01195.

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Mexican parish registers provide a rich trove of data for analyzing trends in mortality and fertility and changes to indigenous family structures. Surnames are links between different times in the past, as well as to geographical areas. Surname meanings can be clues to ancient social systems and religious values. Attention to the use of gender-differentiated surnames and the practice underlying intergenerational surname transmission offers a new approach to the study of kinship and family organization among both precolonial and colonial Tarascans, leading to a deeper understanding of the meanings behind these surnames. Moreover, differing degrees of native surname retention could well be helpful in charting rates of cultural change in various places.

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Yuan, Lijuan, Xihui Chen, Ziyu Liu, Dan Wu, Jianguo Lu, Guoqiang Bao, Sijia Zhang, Lifeng Wang, and Yuanming Wu. "Novel SLCO2A1 mutations cause gender-differentiated pachydermoperiostosis." Endocrine Connections 7, no. 11 (November 2018): 1116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-18-0326.

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Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO) is a rare familial disorder with reduced penetrance for females. The genetic mutations associated with PHO have been identified in HPGD and SLCO2A1, which involved in prostaglandin E2 metabolism. Here, we report 5 PHO patients from four non-consanguineous families. Two heterozygous mutations in solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 (SLCO2A1) were identified in two brothers by whole-exome sequencing. Three heterozygous mutations and one homozygous mutation were identified in other three PHO families by Sanger sequencing. However, there was no mutation in HPGD. These findings confirmed that homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations of SLCO2A1 were the pathogenic cause of PHO. A female individual shared the same mutations in SLCO2A1 with her PHO brother but did not have any typical PHO symptoms. The influence of sex hormones on the pathogenesis of PHO and its implication were discussed.

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3

Smith, Herman W. "Equations Predicting Gender-Differentiated Affect in Japan." Psychological Reports 78, no. 1 (February 1996): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.78.1.50.

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The regression of fundamental sentiments on transient sentiments and theoretically expected interactions within a factorial design suggests that Japanese women's predictors are significantly more complex than men's and low activity is more culturally accepted in Japan than the USA.

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4

Chandler, Daniel, and Merris Griffiths. "Gender-Differentiated Production Features in Toy Commercials." Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 44, no. 3 (September 2000): 503–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15506878jobem4403_10.

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5

Alvesson, Mats, and Yvonne Due Billing. "Gender and Organization: Towards a Differentiated Understanding." Organization Studies 13, no. 1 (January 1992): 073–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/017084069201300107.

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6

MacCoby, Eleanor E. "The role of gender identity and gender constancy in sex-differentiated development." New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development 1990, no. 47 (1990): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cd.23219904703.

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7

Behrends, Jeff, and Gina Schouten. "Home Economics for Gender Justice? A Case for Gender-Differentiated Caregiving Education." Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 20, no. 3 (March 17, 2017): 551–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10677-017-9789-y.

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8

Endendijk, Joyce J., Marleen G. Groeneveld, Lotte D. van der Pol, Sheila R. van Berkel, Elizabeth T. Hallers-Haalboom, Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg, and Judi Mesman. "Gender Differences in Child Aggression: Relations With Gender-Differentiated Parenting and Parents’ Gender-Role Stereotypes." Child Development 88, no. 1 (July 4, 2016): 299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12589.

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9

Ward, Laura S., and Ligia V. M. Assumpção. "The impact of gender in differentiated thyroid cancer." Clinical Endocrinology 66, no. 5 (May 2007): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02789.x.

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10

Moss, Pamela. "Spatially Differentiated Conceptions of Gender in the Workplace." Studies in Political Economy 43, no. 1 (January 1994): 79–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19187033.1994.11675390.

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11

Smith, Herman W., Michio Umino, and Takanori Matsuno. "The formation of gender‐differentiated sentiments in Japan." Journal of Mathematical Sociology 22, no. 4 (March 1998): 373–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0022250x.1998.9990209.

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12

Cintron-Garcia, Juan, Lakshmi Priyanka Pappoppula, Ashkan Shahbandi, Takefumi Komiya, and Achuta Guddati. "Analysis of race and gender disparities in incidence-based mortality in patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer from 2000 to 2014." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e18570-e18570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e18570.

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e18570 Background: Well-differentiated thyroid cancer has better outcomes compared to anaplastic thyroid cancer. The incidence of well-differentiated thyroid cancer is higher in women whereas it is approximately the same in both genders for anaplastic thyroid cancer. The variability of incidence-based mortality across gender in the context of race has not been studied. This study analyzes the rates of incidence-based mortality among both the genders in four racial groups. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database was queried to conduct a nation-wide analysis for the years 2000 to 2016. Incidence-based mortality for all stages of well-differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid cancer was queried and the results were grouped by race (Caucasian/White, African American/Black, American Indian/Alaskan native and Asian/Pacific Islander) and gender. All stages and ages were included in the analysis. T-test was used to determine statistically significant difference between various subgroups. Results: Incidence-based mortality rates (per 100000) for well-differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid cancer for all races and both the genders are shown in the table below. The incidence-based mortality rates for both genders is approximately the same despite a 2-3:1 difference in incidence. Anaplastic thyroid cancer has a higher mortality rate in Caucasian and Asian/pacific Islander women compared to men despite an equal ratio of incidence. As expected, the mortality rates of anaplastic thyroid cancer were significantly higher compared to well-differentiated cancer across all races and genders. Also, Asian/Pacific Islander women have a higher rate of mortality compared to both the genders of Caucasian and African American races. Conclusions: Incidence-based mortality for anaplastic thyroid cancer is higher in women in all races whereas there is no difference in mortality between men and women for well-differentiated thyroid cancer. This is divergent from the incidence ratios noted in these malignancies. In the context of increasing incidence of thyroid cancer for the past few decades, this data suggests that additional resources may be devoted to decreasing the disparity of mortality in this gender. [Table: see text]

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13

Balikoowa, Kenneth, Gorettie Nabanoga, David Mwesigye Tumusiime, and Michael S. Mbogga. "Gender differentiated vulnerability to climate change in Eastern Uganda." Climate and Development 11, no. 10 (February 26, 2019): 839–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2019.1580555.

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14

Carter, S. M., and D. S. G. Carter. "Gender differentiated receptivity to sexuality education curricula by adolescents." Health Education Research 8, no. 2 (1993): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/8.2.233.

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15

Keane, Aidan, Heather Gurd, Dickson Kaelo, Mohammed Y. Said, Jan de Leeuw, J. Marcus Rowcliffe, and Katherine Homewood. "Gender Differentiated Preferences for a Community-Based Conservation Initiative." PLOS ONE 11, no. 3 (March 29, 2016): e0152432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152432.

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16

Fink, Marian, Jitka Janová, Danuše Nerudová, Jan Pavel, Margit Schratzenstaller, Friedrich Sindermann-Sinkiewicz, and Martin Spielauer. "(Gender-differentiated) Effects of Changes in Personal Income Taxation." Intereconomics 54, no. 3 (May 2019): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10272-019-0813-4.

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17

Hossain, Mahbub, M. Niaz Asadullah, and Uma Kambhampati. "Women’s empowerment and gender-differentiated food allocation in Bangladesh." Review of Economics of the Household 19, no. 3 (February 11, 2021): 739–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11150-021-09546-x.

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18

Balikoowa, Kenneth, Gorettie Nabanoga, David M. Tumusiime, and Conor Buggy. "Gender stereotyping: Evidence from gender differentiated household vulnerability to climate change in Eastern Uganda." Cogent Environmental Science 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 1512838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2018.1512838.

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19

Kutsa, Alina, and Larisa Kolodina. "Gender differentiated anthroponyms in english language and their structural features." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Fìlologìâ 12, no. 21 (2019): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-3055-2019-12-21-135-140.

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At the present stage of the development of linguistics, there is no single definition of the status of the genus category in English. The revision of the status of the category of the genus in English took place after the introduction of the concept of «gender» into linguistics, which contributed to the emergence of linguistic science – genderology. Thus, the grammatical category of the genus has been transformed into the linguistic and sociocultural category of gender. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the tendency of the development of anthroponymic systems, it is necessary to analyze the gender differences of personal names, considering separately and comparing the male and female anthroponymicon of language. Determining the status of the genus category is still problematic at the present stage of the development of linguistics in English language, as the grammatical category of the genus in English remains not accepted by many scholars. The article identifies and examines the gender indicators that were characteristic at different stages of the development of the anthroponymicon in English language. The research findings show that gender differentiation of personal names in English language was formed from the very beginning of the development of this system; therefore, it reflects the different ways of marking the gender affiliation of names that were characteristic at different stages of development of the anthroponymicon. In addition to the common anthroponymic suffixes, gender-particular indicators specific to English language only were identified. The results of the analysis revealed that the female anthroponymicon is more diverse than the male. Besides, in the article with the help analysis of gender differences in personal names was revealed the factors that have an impact on neutralization in the anthroponymic sphere in today's society. The analysis showed that in the anthroponymic system of English, the number of gender-indifferent personal names is 12 % of the total number of names analyzed. This result is quite natural and understandable from the point of view of the morphological structure of the language units and the absence of the category of the genus in English. The above material indicates that the genus of a personal name can be determined by correlating that name with its carrier and his or her biological article, although there are also a number of features by which its genus can be established. At the present stage of development of language and culture, there is a tendency to neutralize the gender differences of personal names. This is a testament to the exacerbation of gender equality importance and the erasure of gender frameworks and differences.

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20

Pokharel, Samidha Dhungel. "Teacher's Attitude Toward Disciplinary Actions for School Children: Gender Perspective." Tribhuvan University Journal 28, no. 1-2 (December 2, 2013): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v28i1-2.26256.

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Gender discrimination is an emerging issue of an individual right after his/her birth. Intentional gender discrimination/ gender differentiated behavior can be seen and feel both in private and public life. This study aims to documents the teacher's gender differentiated behavior while disciplining the school children and to analyze the factors associated with such behavior. The study was designed as a descriptive study based on sample survey. The totals of 119 teachers from 60schools were randomly chosen as respondents at the time of school visit. The study reveals the different types of disciplinary actions used by male and female teachers for different reasons. Male teachers are more concerned with the sex of students than female teachers while applying disciplinary techniques. School boys are the victim of gender differentiated behavior of the teachers because of gender discriminatory perceptions.

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21

Keisling, Bruce L., Malcolm D. Gynther, Katherine S. Greene, and Deanna L. Owen. "A Behavioral Self-Report of Masculinity: An Alternative to Trait, Attitudinal, and “Behavioral” Questionnaires." Psychological Reports 72, no. 3 (June 1993): 835–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.72.3.835.

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The authors describe the construction and validation of the Behavioral Self-report of Masculinity as an alternative to existing attitudinal measures which have been criticized for poorly predicting subsequent behaviors. A pool of 76 behavioral items was administered to 102 undergraduates to judge whether overt behaviors could significantly differentiate across gender. Items were also examined for discrimination between typical college males and college males who participated in more stereotypically masculine pursuits. High item stability and internal consistency were found. The 62-item final version adequately differentiated between the genders with less discrimination between males of presumably different levels of masculinity. Further planned studies were briefly described.

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22

Hunter, L. "Listening to situated textuality: Working on differentiated public voices." Feminist Theory 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2001): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14647000122229488.

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23

O'Connor, Pat. "Irish Young People's Narratives: The Existence of Gender Differentiated Cultures?" Irish Journal of Sociology 17, no. 1 (May 2009): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijs.17.1.7.

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There is frequently an assumption that fixed dualisms are no longer relevant (Thorne 1993) so that socially constructed and differentially valued gendered cultures no longer exist. Gender, however, has not been consistently referred to as an outdated or zombie category (Beck and Beck-Gernsheim 2002), while a variety of evidence suggests that male priorities, choices and lifestyles are differentially valued (UN 1995; O'Connor 2000). Drawing on a national one in ten random sample of 4,100 texts written by Irish young people, typically aged 10–12 and 14–17 years, in response to an invitation to describe ‘themselves and the Ireland they inhabit’, this article suggests that aspects of their narratives (relating to relationships and lifestyles) reflect the existence of gender differentiated cultures, although these ‘two cultures’ are much less apparent in their narratives about time, space and consumption. Finally, the paper touches on the implications of these trends for understanding contemporary Irish society.

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24

Glemarec, Yannick. "Addressing the gender differentiated investment risks to climate-smart agriculture." AIMS Agriculture and Food 2, no. 1 (2017): 56–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2017.1.56.

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25

Machens, Andreas, and Henning Dralle. "Authors? response: The impact of gender in differentiated thyroid cancer." Clinical Endocrinology 66, no. 5 (May 2007): 752–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02790.x.

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26

LEE, OK-JIE. "GENDER-DIFFERENTIATED EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES IN THE SOUTH KOREAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY." Gender & Society 7, no. 4 (December 1993): 507–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089124393007004003.

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27

Herbst-Debby, Anat, Miri Endeweld, and Amit Kaplan. "Differentiated routes to vulnerability: Marital status, children, gender and poverty." Advances in Life Course Research 49 (September 2021): 100418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2021.100418.

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28

Lapiņa, Linda, and Mantė Vertelytė. "“Eastern European”, Yes, but How? Autoethnographic Accounts of Differentiated Whiteness." NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research 28, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08038740.2020.1762731.

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29

Falk, Armin, and Johannes Hermle. "Relationship of gender differences in preferences to economic development and gender equality." Science 362, no. 6412 (October 18, 2018): eaas9899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aas9899.

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Preferences concerning time, risk, and social interactions systematically shape human behavior and contribute to differential economic and social outcomes between women and men. We present a global investigation of gender differences in six fundamental preferences. Our data consist of measures of willingness to take risks, patience, altruism, positive and negative reciprocity, and trust for 80,000 individuals in 76 representative country samples. Gender differences in preferences were positively related to economic development and gender equality. This finding suggests that greater availability of and gender-equal access to material and social resources favor the manifestation of gender-differentiated preferences across countries.

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30

Won, Sook-Yeon. "Does Gender Combination Matter? Differentiated Perceptions towards Managerial Effectiveness of Women." Asian Journal of Women's Studies 15, no. 4 (January 2009): 90–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2009.11666079.

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31

Mehar, Mamta, Surabhi Mittal, and Narayan Prasad. "Farmers coping strategies for climate shock: Is it differentiated by gender?" Journal of Rural Studies 44 (April 2016): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.01.001.

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32

GAMACHE, LEANN M., and MELVIN R. NOVICK. "CHOICE OF VARIABLES AND GENDER DIFFERENTIATED PREDICTION WITHIN SELECTED ACADEMIC PROGRAMS." Journal of Educational Measurement 22, no. 1 (March 1985): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3984.1985.tb01049.x.

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33

Rakib, Muntaha, and Julia Anna Matz. "The Impact of Shocks on Gender-differentiated Asset Dynamics in Bangladesh." Journal of Development Studies 52, no. 3 (October 12, 2015): 377–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2015.1093117.

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34

Stoyanova, Stanislava, and Vaitsa Giannouli. "Bulgarian students’ impulsivity differentiated by gender, age, and some scientific areas." Psychological Thought 11, no. 2 (October 31, 2018): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/psyct.v11i2.250.

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Impulsivity is opposed to reflexivity as a cognitive style. This study investigated the frequency distribution of impulsivity in Bulgarian students, as well as some socio-demographic (gender, age, and some scientific areas – social sciences and humanities, as well as sport) differences in impulsivity. Impulsivity opposed to Reflexivity was assessed by means of a sub-scale of the computerized test method Attitude towards Work from Vienna Test System among 141 Bulgarian students. The results revealed slightly more frequent impulsivity than reflexivity in Bulgarian students, but not any gender, age or scientific areas main effects on impulsivity/reflexivity, only their interaction effect, such that younger male students in sport were more impulsive than older male students in sport. A minor trend was found reflexivity to increase with longer sports practice. These findings may indicate the quality of taken decisions in youth.

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35

Winker, Gabriele. "Internet research from a gender perspective Searching for differentiated use patterns." Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 3, no. 4 (November 30, 2005): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14779960580000273.

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36

Kalogeraki, Stefania. "Preliminary Evidence of Gender Differentiated Patterns of Mobile Communication Among Teenagers." International Journal of the Humanities: Annual Review 9, no. 1 (2011): 343–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1447-9508/cgp/v09i01/43110.

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37

Samantroy, Ellina, and Dhanya M.B. "Engendering Labour Statistics: A Cross-country Comparison of Gender Differentiated Statistics." Social Change 44, no. 1 (February 14, 2014): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085713514826.

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38

Bracegirdle, Hazel. "Occupational Therapy Students' Choice of Gender-Differentiated Activities for Psychiatric Patients." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 54, no. 7 (July 1991): 266–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802269105400709.

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39

Arthur, Michelle M., Robert G. Del Campo, and Harry J. van Buren. "The impact of gender‐differentiated golf course features on women's networking." Gender in Management: An International Journal 26, no. 1 (February 15, 2011): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17542411111109309.

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40

Scherer, Ronny, and Fazilat Siddiq. "Revisiting teachers’ computer self-efficacy: A differentiated view on gender differences." Computers in Human Behavior 53 (December 2015): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.06.038.

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41

Juhn, Chinhui, Gergely Ujhelyi, and Carolina Villegas-Sanchez. "Trade Liberalization and Gender Inequality." American Economic Review 103, no. 3 (May 1, 2013): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.3.269.

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We consider a model where firms differ in their productivity and workers are differentiated by skill and gender. A reduction in tariffs induces more productive firms to modernize their technology and enter the export market. New technologies involve computerized production processes and lower the need for physically demanding skills. As a result, the relative wage and employment of women improves in blue-collar tasks, but not in white-collar tasks. We empirically confirm these theoretical predictions using a panel of Mexican establishments and the tariff reductions associated with the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

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42

Kodoth, Praveena. "Gender, Family and Property Rights." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 8, no. 2 (September 2001): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097152150100800209.

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The structures and practices of families are crucial in determining gender-differentiated patterns of access to land and other forms of property/productive resources. However, major redistributional or reform programmes such as that of land have failed to take this into account. This paper addresses, conceptually, women's and men's claims to land/property in terms of via more recent land reforms experience to discuss the importance to property reform of a gendered understanding of the family. Besides, it attempts to probe the direction of change in property-related practices, including inheritance, dowry and residence, in contemporary Kerala to understand the implications of the emerging practices for women's property rights.

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43

Cameron, Deborah. "11. GENDER ISSUES IN LANGUAGE CHANGE." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 23 (March 2003): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190503000266.

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It has long been apparent to scholars that gender exerts an influence on language change. Recently, however, the patterns of gender differentiation attested in empirical studies have been reinterpreted in the light of current social constructionist understandings of gender. Drawing on recent work in variationist sociolinguistics, sociology of language and linguistic anthropology, this chapter focuses on new approaches to explaining gender differentiated patterns of sound change and language shift, the success or failure of planned linguistic reforms, and changes in the social evaluation of gendered speech styles.

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Shvetsova, Anastasia. "Professional development barriers of young scientists in the gender-differentiated scientific community ." Woman in Russian Society, no. 1 (April 25, 2021): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21064/winrs.2021.1.7.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the features of the professional development of women in the academic community and the identification of gender barriers characteristic of the Russian science system. The materials of the integrated applied research (online survey of young Russian scientists, N = 105; in-depth interview of young Russian scientists, N = 20)showed that the development of the personnel potential of science is fraught with difficulties both of a general nature (financial, organizational, moral and ethical), and gender-conditioned, which puts young women scientists in a situation of multiple barriers. Objective gender barriers arise in connection with the reproductive function of women and the resulting double employment, which, in the absence of effective mechanisms of state support, severely limits career opportunities. Cultural barriers are associated with the stereotypical understanding of the binary roles of a man and a woman, which is characteristic of the Russian mentality.

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45

Bebetsos, Evangelos, Filippos Filippou, and George Bebetsos. "Athletes′ criticism of coaching behavior: Differences among gender, and type of sport." Polish Psychological Bulletin 48, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ppb-2017-0008.

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Abstract Most athletes are subject to intense mental and physical pressure not only during competition but also during practice. An important variable which may influence athletes′ performance is coaching behavior. The aim of the present study is to investigate if coaching behavior and its antecedents differentiate athletes according to their gender, type of sport, competition experience and weekly practice-time. The sample consisted of 367 male and female athletes who participated in both individual and team sports. They completed the Greek version of the “Coaching Behavior Questionnaire” (CBQ). Results indicated that coaching behavior differentiated athletes of individual sports, and athletes of team sports and experienced women with experienced men. Furthermore, coaches’ behavior contributed to the differentiation on athletes who practice more than those who practice less. In conclusion, these results could help athletes, coaches and sport professionals become more familiar with psychological aspects that influence athletes′ behavior.

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46

Yildirim, Ozen. "Detecting Gender Differences in PISA 2012 Mathematics Test with Differential Item Functioning." International Education Studies 12, no. 8 (July 29, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v12n8p59.

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The measurement tool not measuring the specific construct has a validity problem. Individuals based on the results obtained from this type of tool should not be evaluated. The purpose of this study was to examine the differentiated item functioning and item bias of mathematics items in the Programme for International Student Achievement 2012 assessment for gender using two-level hierarchical generalized linear model, logistic regression and experts’ opinions. Also differentiated item functioning sources (anxiety, interest and self-efficacy) at student level were tested. The current study was created under take into account of quantitative and qualitative methods. It was conducted with 1458 students selected from 166 schools of Turkey sample. The results reveal that hierarchical generalized linear models approach is more conservative than logistic regression approach. When the student level variables were added to the model as potential sources, differentiated item functioning did not disappear for the three items. Also half of the experts argued that the items identified as in favor of boys are biased. Statements in the items and the context were given as the reasons for this bias.

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O. A. Awofala, Adeneye, and Abisola O. Lawani. "Increasing Mathematics Achievement of Senior Secondary School Students through Differentiated Instruction." Journal of Educational Sciences 4, no. 1 (January 27, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jes.4.1.p.1-19.

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This study examined the effect of differentiated instruction on senior secondary school students’ achievement in mathematics in Nigeria within the blueprint of the pre-test, post-test non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental research design. The sample comprised 220 students in which three research questions and three null hypotheses guided the study. The experimental group was taught with the differentiated instruction while the control group received instruction with the conventional teaching method for eight weeks. Three valid and reliable instruments, Mathematics Achievement Test (KR-20=0.89), Felder-Soloman Index of Learning Styles (Cronbach α=0.92), and McKenzie Multiple Intelligences Inventory (Cronbach α=0.90), were used for data collection. Results revealed that students in the differentiated instruction group performed significantly better than students in the conventional teaching method group. Also, male students performed slightly better than female students with differentiated instruction, although no significant difference existed between the achievement of male and female students taught mathematics using differentiated instruction. There was no significant main effect of gender on students’ achievement in mathematics. Also, there was no significant interaction effect of treatment and gender on students’ achievement in mathematics. The differentiated instruction made lesson more fascinating, stress-free and created co-operation among students. It was thus, recommended that differentiated instruction be adopted by mathematics teachers in teaching mathematics at the senior secondary school level in Nigeria.

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48

Dilmaghani, Maryam. "Religiosity, gender, and wage: the differentiated impact of private prayer in Canada." International Journal of Social Economics 42, no. 10 (October 12, 2015): 888–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-11-2013-0261.

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Purpose – Does religiosity impact wages differently for males and females? Does the impact on wage of different dimensions of religiosity, namely the importance of religion, the frequency of religious practice with others and individually, differ for men and women? The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Using the Canadian Ethnic Diversity Survey, made public in 2004, this paper investigates whether there are evidences for a gender difference in the impact of religiosity on wage. A Mincerean wage regression is estimated using both multiple linear regression and Heckit. Findings – Religious females are found to receive a premium over their labour earnings, through the frequency of private-prayer while the same dimension of religiosity penalizes males’ mean wage. The by-gender impact slightly widens for the subsample of employees, while it diminishes for the self-employed. Research limitations/implications – Making use of the most comprehensive data set available and standard methodology, the paper creates stylized facts that are of interest to the scholars of a multiplicity of disciplines. Practical implications – It advances the body of knowledge about the impact of religiosity on productivity and whether it has a by-gender component. Social implications – The research also informs policy-makers in their decision about the appropriate level of accommodation of religiosity in the workplace. Originality/value – The present work is the first research paper examining the by-gender impact of different dimensions of religiosity on productivity thereby wage.

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Elsoueidi, Raymond, Sabrina Tom, Eyob Adane, and Mark Dignan. "Association between smoking and tumor grade in colorectal cancer: A retrospective analysis from a single institution." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e14673-e14673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e14673.

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e14673 Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. Smoking has been increasingly reported as a risk factor. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in colorectal cancer has been reported to have a worse outcome. Poorly and moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas in Non Small Cell Lung cancer were more strongly correlated with smoking than well differentiated adenocarcinoma. This study was designed to evaluate the association between cigarette smoking and tumor grade in colorectal cancer. Methods: The medical records of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer between 2001 and 2011 at the Appalachian Regional Healthcare in Hazard, KY were retrospectively reviewed. Age, gender, pathology and smoking history were obtained. The association between smoking and tumor grade was evaluated by the χ2 test. Results: Three hundred seventeen patients were diagnosed with colorectal cancer between 2001 and 2011. The percentage of male and female patients was 53.3% and 46.7%, respectively. Among these patients, 49.5% (n=157) were smokers and 38.8% were nonsmokers (n=138), while for 11.7% (n=35) of patients smoking history was unknown. In smokers, 17.1% had high grade adenocarcinoma (poorly differentiated) and 82.9% had low grade adenocarcinoma (moderately differentiated + well differentiated) whereas in non-smokers, 13.8% had high grade adenocarcinoma and 86.2% had low grade adenocarcinoma. Although the percentage of high grade adenocarcinoma was higher among smokers this was not statistically significantly (p=0.55). Moreover, tumor grade was not significantly associated with age and gender. Conclusions: Based on these results, there was no association between degree of differentiation of tumor in colorectal cancer and smoking history, age and gender. Although to be noted that the pathologic grading may vary from one pathologist to another.

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Lekanova, E. E. "Legal Regulation of the Minimum Marriage Age: The Past and the Present." Actual Problems of Russian Law 15, no. 8 (August 30, 2020): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2020.117.8.084-095.

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The legal regulation of the features of marriage in a minor age has a millennium history. The analysis of legal regulation of the marriage age in Russia, the Russian Empire and the RSFSR shows that the models of the legal regulation of the minimum marriage age are divided into simplified and differentiated ones (gender differentiated, nationally differentiated and socially differentiated models). The author concludes that in domestic legislation the minimum age of marriage always depended on various circumstances. Until 1926, there was a gender-differentiated model of the legal regulation of the minimum age of marriage. A nation-differentiated model existed in the prerevolutionary and Soviet era in relation to the inhabitants of Transcaucasia. Since 1926, in the territory of the RSFSR, a socio-differentiated model of the legal regulation of the minimum age of marriage was consolidated in law. According to this model the minimum age of marriage was reduced due to special social circumstances. Family laws of the Russian Federation made an unsuccessful attempt to implement the nation-differentiated model of the legal regulation of the minimum age of marriage. The modern Russian model of legal regulation of the minimum age of marriage is socio-differentiated. The paper also carries out a detailed comparison of the three socio-differentiated models of the legal regulation of the minimum age of marriage (the model under the Soviet Code of Marriage, Family and Custody of the RSFSR (1926—1968), the model under the Code of Marriage and Family of the RSFSR (1969—1995), the contemporary model); analyzes the differences and shortcomings of these models; suggests ways to eliminate them.

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