Dissertations / Theses: 'Gender and the media'

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Lundsten, Sanna. "Gender and Newsroom Practices : Female reporters’ views on gender segregation in the newsroom." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, JMK, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-194117.

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Although Sweden is often presented as a pioneer nation when it comes to gender equality, research shows that the field of journalism in Sweden has been, and still is, structured by hierarchies and segregation based on gender. This thesis expands understanding of gender segregation in the newsroom through in-depth interviews with female reporters, ranging in age, area of reporting, and seniority, at Swedish Radio’s nationwide news desk Ekot. The theoretical frame departs from the feminist school and adopts a gendered media field approach. Further, the thesis focuses on five factors that often lead to patterns of gender segregation: the soft-hard news binary, the process of story allocation, the newsroom environment, the increase of women in the newsroom, and gender discussions in the newsroom. The findings suggest that although some factors seem to be less powerful in creating segregation based on gender, traces of a male-ordered newsroom persist. Despite a perceived majority of women in the newsroom, a certain male logic is, in some ways, internalized, which leads to a relative, but persistent, segregation along gender lines. Finally, the author emphasizes the need for an active and conscientious interest in addressing gender disparities in order to move forward towards a gender-equal society.

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Johannessen, Jill. "Gender, Media and Development. The Role of Media in the Cultural Struggle of Gender Transformation in Tanzania." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of sociology and political science, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1523.

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This dissertation aims at providing insights on the role of the mass media in the cultural struggle over gender transformation, which entails definitions and prescriptions of femininity against the backdrop of political and -economic reforms in Tanzania. The media landscape has been altered radically as a result of fundamental transformations in the country’s political and economic systems. The media can be perceived as a major source of definitions and images of social reality. Thus, the media is also the place where the changing culture and values of societies and groups are constructed and most visibly expressed (McQuail 1994; 1). Tanzania has changed its course from African socialism and ujamaa as guidelines in the sixties, to a market economy in the mid-eighties, followed by the introduction of a multiparty system in 19921. The restructuring of the state has had dramatic consequences for the economic, social and cultural aspects of urban life. Central to this study is the idea that the movement from socialist to capitalist principles promotes conflicts between modern and traditional values and ways of life, which also affects gender ideas and notions. The biggest changes are felt in urban areas, which are thus the place where the conflicts and tensions that arise in the process of modernization are most visibly expressed. In this new landscape, the media is becoming an important cultural agent and an arena for conflicts and contestation. A key issue is how the media comes to grips with these changes.

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Kenneavy, Kristin Entwisle Barbara. "Adolescent gender attitudes structure and media influence /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1647.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Sociology." Discipline: Sociology; Department/School: Sociology.

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Campa, Pamela. "Media Influence on Pollution, and Gender Equality." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-89274.

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This thesis consists of three essays. The first essay, "Press and Leaks: Do Newspapers Reduce Toxic Emissions?", uses data on plant-level emissions in 2001-2009 from the Toxic Release Inventory of the US Environmental Protection Agency, coupled with data on location and content of newspapers, to investigate whether media coverage induces firms to reduce toxic emissions. The results show that an increase in Newspapers Density, that is the number of newspapers nearby the plant, raises the press coverage of the plant's toxic emissions and reduces the amount of these emissions. This association is larger in industries exposed to consumer pressure and in counties subjected to extreme negative health outcomes. The second essay, "Gender Quotas, Female Politicians and Public Expenditures: Quasi-Experimental Evidence", estimates the effect of gender quotas on the election of female politicians and on public finance decisions in Spanish municipalities, using a Before-After Regression Discontinuity Design. Gender quotas have increased the percentage of female candidates and also, but to a lower extent, the percentage of female councilors. The difference between the two effects is due to the strategic positioning of candidates within lists. The effect of quotas on the election of female mayors and on the size and composition of municipal expenditures is not statistically different from zero. The third essay, "Are attitudes endogenous to political regimes? Beliefs about working women in state-socialist countries", studies whether individual beliefs about gender roles are endogenous to political regimes, using a Difference-in-Differences analysis. The results suggest a significant difference in the evolution of attitudes towards gender roles between Europeans in state-socialist countries and other Europeans during the period 1947-1991. Central and Eastern Europeans who formed their attitudes during state socialism seem more likely to hold progressive beliefs regarding working women.

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Maharajh, Divya. "Feminine experience : media education and gender representation." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4875/.

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This doctoral thesis examines the ways young women experience media education in sixth form, with particular emphasis on their experience of gender representation lessons. Secondary research objectives include an examination of how young women regard the development of their own critical media literacy and how they conceive of the effects of media education on their self-esteem. Through classroom observations and interviews with A-level Media Studies teachers and female students, this research explores three key areas of focus in understanding young women’s experiences: media representations of feminine aesthetics and the sexualisation of feminine appearance, the negotiation between course material and students’ personal engagement with media, and lastly reflections on how critical media literacy is defined and developed within the Media Studies course. The thesis discusses ways in which content both constrains and enables students’ development of critical media literacy. The role of chosen exam boards, teaching styles, and forms (i.e. upper sixth form versus lower sixth form) are examined as influencing factors. Specific lessons from observations, which students reflected upon during interviews, are also discussed in order to understand the process of teaching and learning about gender representation. A feminist discourse is at times present though mostly in covert ways. A greater consideration for contemporary feminist work would resolve some of the current difficulties faced by educators in their efforts to develop students’ critical awareness, specifically when teaching about the representation of women. Female students often reflect what Gill has termed a ‘postfeminist sensibility’ (2007: 254); however, this exists in varying degrees. In certain contexts students tend to articulate more ‘traditional’ feminist values. In relation to one of the secondary research objectives, students find that A-level Media Studies improves the self-esteem of their physical appearance; however, other findings reveal that the extensive focus on textual analysis of sexualised and idealised representations of women can sometimes counter-act the aspects which students referenced as beneficial to their self-esteem. Despite many recommendations for improving the teaching of gender representation that are offered here, it is evident that some solutions are dependent on broader shifts occurring at the level of the education system.

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Taleb, Hala Abdul Haleem Abu. "Gender, media, culture and the Middle East." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2009/h_abutaleb_042309.pdf.

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Provorova, Elizaveta. "MEDIA LITERACY EDUCATION, GENDER, AND MEDIA REPRESENTATIONS IN THE HIGH SCHOOL CLASSROOM." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/343553.

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Media & Communication
Ph.D.
The media impact how people perform their gender, and play an important role in the reproduction of gender binary. Media representations of gender can be described as hegemonic in the sense that, because of their complexity, they contribute to the reproduction of gender norms by otherwise agentic audiences. Media literacy education offers useful strategies for helping audiences question media representations of gender, allowing them to trouble the hegemonic system that keeps inequalities in place. This dissertation answers the question: How do high school students respond to the instruction in a media literacy program informed by gender studies and scholarship on media representations? To answer this question, I used ethnographic methods and the case study approach. My main findings are: (1) Classes that involve analysis of media representations of gender have an agenda-setting effect on students, helping them notice problematic media messages and connect them to social problems and inequalities. (2) Media and gender classes can encourage students to engage in social action, even without the teacher’s prompting. (3) Media and gender classes are not part of a standard curriculum, and teachers choose to include them because they are passionate about gender inequalities. This is why these teachers might lean towards the protectionist approach. (4) Students might embrace teachers’ message about the value of gender equality and diversity, but keep their implicit biases unchecked. Teachers should think of ways to address these biases in the classroom. (5) In order to help students acquire a balanced set of media literacy skills, it is important to work on all competencies of the AACRA model of media literacy education: Access, Analyze, Create, Reflect, and Act.
Temple University--Theses

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Shuey-Kostelac, Laura. "Gender Assumptions, Public Trust, and Media Framing| The Impact of Media-Constructed Gender Performance on Public Trust in a Candidate." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1590854.

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This study examines how conflict between public assumptions and media framing of a political candidate’s gender performance impacts public trust in the candidate, building upon prior research concluding that the Republican and the Democratic Parties are linked cognitively with ideas about gender, with people often associating the Republican Party with masculine characteristics and the Democratic Party with feminine characteristics. This study operates under the theory that conflict between media representation and participant assumptions will lead to lower levels of trust in a candidate whose gender is framed as conflicting with the underlying gendered assumptions of their party. In an experiment, subjects read one of six news articles describing a hypothetical presidential candidate and answered a questionnaire to measure their trust in the candidate. The results indicate that participants have a higher level of trust in the feminine-framed candidate and a lower level of trust in the masculine-framed candidate – in comparison to the baseline of a gender-neutral framed candidate – in both the Democrat and the Republican condition. Further analysis of the results suggest that while participants assume all candidates possess certain masculine traits often associated with leadership, the presence of feminine traits may increase a candidate’s perceived likeability, which in turn leads to the perception that the candidate has a higher degree of integrity, is more responsive to public concerns, and is ultimately more trustworthy. Additionally, the presence of masculine traits may threaten the candidate’s perceived trustworthiness without the presence of feminine traits to increase the candidate’s likeability. This study expands the current conversation about media and gender to look beyond a candidate’s sex and consider the media’s role in constructing and reinforcing a candidate’s gender performance. It also provides a foundation for future research about the media’s power to shape public perception of candidates and, by extension, the electoral process.

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Kostiuk, Olena Anatoliivna, and Олена Анатоліївна Костюк. "The problem of gender inbalance in digital media." Thesis, National aviation university, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/50052.

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1. Urska U. Gender equality and the media. European Council standards and their implementation [Electronic resource] / Umek Urska. - 2019. - Available at: https://rm.coe.int/ukr-gender-equality-and-media-council-of-europe-standards-andimplemen/16809efcc9 2. Knock, Knock! Who’s there? Sexism in Ukrainian media take Through hitspite [Electronic resource] // Institute for Mass Information. - 2019. - Mode of access to the resource: https://imi.org.ua/monitorings/tuk-tuk-htotam-seksyzm-v-ukrayinskyh-media-ta-trishky-hejtspichu-i29476.
In Ukraine, media coverage of sensitive topics such as gender nervousness and inclusiveness has repeatedly been disrupted. Considering that media actively shape the thoughts and ideas of society and have a significant impact, the presentation of information on such important topics must be appropriate. Unfortunately, the experience in Ukraine is not very positive. In line with new perspectives on the development of society, digital media must be progressive and incorporate sexism, ageism and intolerance into their work.
В Україні висвітлення у ЗМІ таких делікатних тем, як гендерна нервозність та інклюзивність, неодноразово порушувалось. Враховуючи, що засоби масової інформації активно формують думки та ідеї суспільства та мають значний вплив, подання інформації на такі важливі теми має бути належним. На жаль, досвід в Україні не дуже позитивний. Відповідно до нових поглядів на розвиток суспільства, цифрові засоби масової інформації повинні бути прогресивними та займатися проблемами сексизму, дискримінацією за віком тощо.

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Ellis, Maerker Mikael. "Refugees in the Swedish media." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-283035.

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Morge, Shelby Paige. "College students' beliefs about mathematics, gender, and popular media." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3229576.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Curriculum and Instruction, 2006.
"Title from dissertation home page (viewed July 3, 2007)." Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-08, Section: A, page: 2916. Adviser: Peter K. Kloosterman.

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Malik, Hamdi. "Media, gender and domestic relations in post-Saddam Iraq." Thesis, Keele University, 2018. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/5102/.

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The regime change of 2003 transformed the media environment in Iraq from one that was strictly limited and monopolised by the state, to one without any restrictions imposed by state agencies. Gender culture and ‘family values’ have especially been contested as a consequence of the transformation of access to the media. The common assumption is that sexualised media content, and also the increasingly privatised nature of media technologies, are contributing towards the transformation of gender culture, with worries that Iraqi women in particular are turning into Western women and becoming estranged from their genuine Iraqi identity. The aim of this research is to investigate the nature of the evolving relationship between media and gender culture in post-Saddam Iraq. The importance of this investigation lies in the fact that since 2003, most research on Iraq has focused on war. This is also true of studies on gender relations. This research, however, focuses on other developments that happened as a result of the regime change, paving the way for struggles over many issues, including gender culture and Iraqi identity. The project was carried out using the qualitative method of semi-structured interviews. The interviews were carried out in Baghdad and Erbil, giving a perspective of the urban middle class Iraqi Arabs and Kurds on the subject. The research demonstrates that although the media provides windows for Iraqi women to distance themselves from prevalent patriarchal rules that control their sexuality, the ‘realities’ of local life have not allowed for the ‘Westernisation’ of gender relations in post-Saddam Iraq. Since the media is viewed as a threat to the sexual honour, an important element of Iraqi gender culture, there is a tendency to reassert this notion in the processes of the redefinition of the cultural identity of Iraqi people that was triggered by the 2003 war. This thesis offers new insights into gender relations in post-Saddam Iraq, focussing especially on the update on media in this period, and how this relates to the constitution of Iraqi identity and gender relations in families. It also offers a re-working of the concept of ‘honour’; one that embeds this into an analysis of Iraq’s hegemonic masculine system.

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Daneshvar, Saman. "User Modeling in Social Media: Gender and Age Detection." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39535.

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Author profiling is a field within Natural Language Processing (NLP) that is concerned with identifying various characteristics and demographic factors of authors, such as gender, age, location, native language, political orientation, and personality by analyzing the style and content of their writings. There is a growing interest in author profiling, with applications in marketing and advertising, opinion mining, personalization, recommendation systems, forensics, security, and defense. In this work, we build several classification models using NLP, Deep Learning, and classical Machine Learning techniques that can identify the gender and age of a Twitter user based on the textual contents of their correspondence (tweets) on the platform. Our SVM gender classifier utilizes a combination of word and character n-grams as features, dimensionality reduction using Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier with linear kernel. At the PAN 2018 author profiling shared task, this model achieved the highest performance with 82.21%, 82.00%, and 80.90% accuracy on the English, Spanish, and Arabic datasets, respectively. Our age classifier was trained on a dataset of 11,160 Twitter users, using the same approach, though the age classification experiments are preliminary. Our Deep Learning gender classifiers are trained and tested on English datasets. Our feedforward neural network consisting of a word embedding layer, flattening, and two densely-connected layers achieves 79.57% accuracy, and our bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network achieves 76.85% accuracy on the gender classification task.

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Buolamwini, Joy Adowaa. "Gender shades : intersectional phenotypic and demographic evaluation of face datasets and gender classifiers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/114068.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 103-116).
This thesis (1) characterizes the gender and skin type distribution of IJB-A, a government facial recognition benchmark, and Adience, a gender classification benchmark, (2) outlines an approach for capturing images with more diverse skin types which is then applied to develop the Pilot Parliaments Benchmark (PPB), and (3) uses PPB to assess the classification accuracy of Adience, IBM, Microsoft, and Face++ gender classifiers with respect to gender, skin type, and the intersection of skin type and gender. The datasets evaluated are overwhelming lighter skinned: 79.6% - 86.24%. IJB-A includes only 24.6% female and 4.4% darker female, and features 59.4% lighter males. By construction, Adience achieves rough gender parity at 52.0% female but has only 13.76% darker skin. The Parliaments method for creating a more skin-type-balanced benchmark resulted in a dataset that is 44.39% female and 47% darker skin. An evaluation of four gender classifiers revealed a significant gap exists when comparing gender classification accuracies of females vs males (9 - 20%) and darker skin vs lighter skin (10 - 21%). Lighter males were in general the best classified group, and darker females were the worst classified group. 37% - 83% of classification errors resulted from the misclassification of darker females. Lighter males contributed the least to overall classification error (.4% - 3%). For the best performing classifier, darker females were 32 times more likely to be misclassified than lighter males. To increase the accuracy of these systems, more phenotypically diverse datasets need to be developed. Benchmark performance metrics need to be disaggregated not just by gender or skin type but by the intersection of gender and skin type. At a minimum, human-focused computer vision models should report accuracy on four subgroups: darker females, lighter females, darker males, and lighter males. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the implications of misclassification and the importance of building inclusive training sets and benchmarks.
by Joy Adowaa Buolamwini.
S.M.

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Sanger, Nadia. "Representations of gender,race and sexuality in selected English-medium South African magazines, 2003-2005." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4676_1257932253.

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The aim of this study was to explore representations of gender, race and sexuality in a select group of South African magazines - Men's Health, FHM, Blink, True Love, Femina and Fair Lady - between 2003 and 2005. From a feminist poststructuralist perspective, it was argued that these magazines presented particular subjectives as normative
privileging and centerig one pole within dichotomies of gender, race and sexuality.

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Essig, Lee Whitney. "A Content-Analytic Meta-Analysis of Gender Stereotyping in Screen Media." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7252.

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Thousands of studies have investigated the gendered portrayals in various forms of media. Researchers believe that considering gendered media content is important, as gender stereotypes have been found to influence development, often with adverse outcomes. Although a vast body of research on gender stereotypes has accumulated, little effort has been made to synthesize this literature. The purpose of this paper is to collect and analyze the results of content-analytic studies of gender portrayals across several forms of media including television, television commercials, movies, video games, music videos, and various forms of print media into a comprehensive paper on gender stereotypes in the media. Results of the analyses indicated that gender stereotypes and roles are still reinforced in the media, particularly in American and Middle-Eastern media. Additionally, while gendered roles are still reinforced, there is evidence of some decrease in gender stereotyping over time. Implications of these findings and future directions are discussed.

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Wiens, Meghann. ""Welcome to 2018": Resisting gender inequality in social media discourse." Thesis, Wiens, Meghann (2018) "Welcome to 2018": Resisting gender inequality in social media discourse. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2018. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51342/.

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Through talk and text, people can both create and undo social realities (Edwards, 1997). People have the capacity to produce discourse which perpetuates hegemonic, patriarchal accounts of women, so they should be able to recognise and challenge it (McKinlay & McVittie, 2008). The present study investigates comments on social media in response to the pregnancy announcement of Jacinda Ardern, New Zealand’s third female Prime Minister, in January 2018. Ardern’s case is notable as her pregnancy makes her gender highly salient as she occupies a leadership role commonly viewed as ‘masculine’. Research has established that women are evaluated differently to men in leadership roles and are viewed as either warm and incompetent, or competent and cold (Hall & Donoghue, 2013). Representation of women in political leadership is therefore only one step toward gender equality as the underlying structures maintaining sexism need to be challenged. Comments were examined using a synthetic approach to discourse analysis (Wetherell, 1998) to determine how they resisted gender inequality talk. Two themes of resistance emerged from the corpus. Firstly, commenters employed devices that accounted for opposing views as outdated and not the norm in modern society. Arguments were bolstered by presenting factual accounts, diminishing the relevance of sexism, and isolating opposing views to individuals rather than society. Secondly, working motherhood was normalised. This was achieved by focusing on fathers, de-gendering ‘parents’, and reducing personal stake or interest. The comments examined here embedded radical feminist views into mainstream conversation and worked to undermine gender inequality talk by making alternative accounts robust and available.

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Kennedy, Eileen Teresa. "Gender in terrestrial television sport." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4194.

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Button, Anne Joyce. "John Fletcher : gender and romance." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1996. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842905/.

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The role of the Jacobean romance mode has been undervalued and misunderstood, not least because of what it has been seen to symbolise politically, and perhaps also because it was seen as beginning to be associated with a female audience. I suggest that gender and sexuality were often represented in romance in a radical way which was frequently empowering for women. Among dramatists, Fletcher and his collaborators in particular were freed by their use of romance to experiment with representations of gender in a radical way. The thesis is divided into four sections, all of which address the way that gender and sexuality are represented in the Beaumont and Fletcher canon. The first section has a chapter on Fletcher's debt to Shakespeare in Bonduca, and another on the two romance plays on which Fletcher and Shakespeare collaborated - The Two Noble Kimmen, and the lost Cardenio. The second section discusses Fletcher's The Faithful Shepherdess, first giving the context of English Jacobean pastoral tragicomedy and explaining its special significance for women, and secondly comparing Fletcher's play with Lady Mary Wroth's Love's Victory, a rare example of a Jacobean play by a woman. Section three explores the debt to prose romance of four plays - Philaster, Valentinian, Love's Cure and The Island Princess - focusing on the possibility that Fletcher may have been influenced by French precieux ideas. The final section investigates the part that women played in masques in the second half of the Jacobean period, and the way that Fletcher and his collaborators use masques and masque-like elements in their plays to exploit the dramatic potential of the Jacobean female masquer's unusually public and self-affirming role. By exploring the impact of Jacobean feminocentric romance forms on the plays of Fletcher and his collaborators I offer a fuller understanding of the ways in which they regarded gender and sexuality, and contribute to the wider project of rediscovering a history of women in the Jacobean period.

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Spinner, Lauren. "Socialising gender : the role of parents, peers, and the media in children's gender-typed preferences and stereotypes." Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/66678/.

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Within this thesis the environmental factors influencing children's gender-related cognitions are examined. Using multiple methods, the roles of parents, peers, and the media were investigated in relation to children's gender related attitudes and behaviour. The research draws on social learning theory (SLT: Bandura, 1986; Bandura, Ross, & Ross, 1961; Mischel 1966), social cognitive theory (SCT: Bussey & Bandura, 1999), social role theory (Eagly, 1987) and cognitive developmental theories of gender development (CDT: Bem, 1981, 1983; Kohlberg, 1966; Martin & Halverson, 1981) to explore how socialising agents in the environment, including children's cognitive selves, contribute to the development of gender-related knowledge and stereotypes. As social cognitive and cognitive developmental theories of gender have evolved they have become more integrative, acknowledging that both cognitive and environmental (as well as biological) factors are important in gender development (Martin, Halverson, & Szkrybalo, 2002). This thesis therefore draws on both approaches to comprehensively examine the role of socialising agents and cognitive processes on children's gender-related cognitions. Five studies were conducted using varied designs. Studies 1 (Chapter 6) and 2 (Chapter 7) focused on the role of parents in the socialisation of children's gender-related beliefs. Study 1 examined children's and parents' toy preferences and gender stereotypes in relation to toy colour and toy function. Results revealed that both girls and boys preferred toys stereotypic for their own gender in terms of both function and colour, to toys stereotypically associated with the other gender. Parents did not prefer one type of toy over another, but children predicted that their parents would possess the same toy preferences as themselves. Additionally, parents possessed more flexible gender stereotypes than children, and children's gender flexibility scores were negatively related to their gender constancy scores. Parents' reports of children's everyday play on the pre-school activities inventory (PSAI) revealed that boys engage in more masculine-typed play than girls, and boys' PSAI scores were negatively related to preference for feminine-function toys included as stimuli. Study 2 extended Study 1 by examining parents' and children's explicit and implicit gender stereotypes. As self-report questionnaires can be affected by social desirability, Study 2 employed eye-tracking techniques to examine whether parents and children displayed looking preferences towards masculine- and feminine-typed objects stereotypically associated with the gender of the character in an audio sentence. Findings supported predictions that parents and children would display similar implicit gender biases, but different explicit gender biases. Specifically, both parents and children displayed looking preferences towards the masculine-typed object when the character in the scene was a boy, and preferences toward the feminine-typed object when the character was a girl. This effect was stronger and more sustained in parents than children. However, in response to explicit measures, parents appeared not to endorse the gender stereotypes related to toys, instead appearing egalitarian as they did in Study 1, whilst children's responses were gender-stereotypic. Studies 3, 4, and 5, focused on the role of peers and the media in gender socialisation. Studies 3 (Chapter 8) and 4 (Chapter 9) examined the prevalence of gender stereotypic information in young children's magazines; a popular media format which has received little research attention. In Study 3, the front covers of children's magazines were analysed to examine the prevalence of gender stereotypic messages. A content analysis was performed on 106 magazine front covers across nine different magazines. Gender stereotypic information was coded in relation to colour schemes, number of male and female characters and character behaviour, and themes advertised. Results revealed that magazines aimed solely at boys or girls were presented in gender-stereotypic colours, girls' magazines contained more female than male characters whilst boys' magazines contained more male than female characters, female characters were more likely to demonstrate passive than active behaviour, and girls' magazine front covers contained no speaking characters. Additionally, the theme of appearance was far more prevalent than the theme of risk on the front of girls' magazines. Study 4 extended Study 3 by analysing the prevalence of gender stereotypic messages throughout entire magazines issues. A content analysis was undertaken on 42 new issues of the same nine magazines previously examined. Within each magazine, the extensive coding framework analysed the colour scheme, the number of male and female characters, character behaviour, and themes. In addition, how often children were instructed to ask for an adult's help with an activity, and the number of activities identified as educational was coded to examine if this differed according target audience. Key findings were that male characters were more active than female characters, males were more aggressive than females, significantly more activities were explicitly identified as educational in the boys' and neutral magazines compared to the girls' magazines, and instructions to ask for an adult's help were present significantly more in the girls' magazines than in both the boys' and neutral magazines. The themes of fashion and home also appeared significantly more in the girls' than the boys' magazines. Therefore, supporting Study 3, young children's magazines are edited differently in terms of both their style and content depending on whether they are aimed at girls, boys, or both boys and girls, reinforcing gender stereotypes. Following findings from Studies 3 and 4 that young children's magazines readily depict gender stereotyped content; Study 5 (Chapter 10) aimed to examine the impact of such media on the endorsement of gender-typed attitudes and behaviours. Specifically, the effect of stereotypic and counterstereotypic peer models presented in children's magazines on children's gender flexibility was investigated. Children were exposed to either stereotypic or counterstereotypic models via reader's pages of children's magazines and completed a number of measures of gender flexibility. Results revealed significantly greater gender flexibility around toy play and playmate choice among children in the counterstereotypic condition compared to the stereotypic condition. However, there was no difference in children's own toy preferences between the stereotypic and counterstereotypic condition, with children preferring more gender-typed toys overall. Therefore, the (counter)stereotypic behaviour of peer models presented in children's magazines affects gender flexibility in some domains but not others. The studies presented within this thesis show strong support for the role that social factors play in children's gender development. Studies 1 and 2 revealed that despite parents' explicit egalitarian views of gender-typed play, children did not predict that their parents would endorse cross-gender-typed play and eye-tracking revealed that parents' implicit gender biases in relation to toys were in fact stronger than their children's. This suggests that parents may be socialising children's gender stereotypes via verbal and/or non-verbal behaviour stemming from their unconscious biases. Studies 1 and 2 also support cognitive developmental theories of gender development in relation to gender schemas (Bem, 1981, 1983) and children's gender-related knowledge (Kohlberg, 1966), and highlight the role of toy colour and function in reinforcing gender stereotypes. Studies 3 and 4 provide further evidence for the socialisation of children's gender stereotypes via the media. Young children's magazines were found to portray highly gender-typed messages via colour, character behaviour, and themes, which differed according to the target audience, suggesting that children's exposure to these magazines may contribute to the development of gender stereotypes. The findings from these studies support social cognitive theory and social role theory of gender development, and speak to media cultivation theory.
Study 5 uncovered how the behaviour of peer models in children's magazines can differentially affect children's gender flexibility in different domains, again speaking to socialisation theories of gender development, and the importance of exposure to counterstereotypic gender models in increasing gender flexible attitudes. The findings from Study 5 also indicate that children's magazines could be used as a successful basis for future intervention research. In conclusion, the studies in the present thesis provide strong support for the role of socialising agents in children's gender development. Toys, parents, peer models, and the media have all been shown to portray gender-typed information, and importantly, counterstereotypic models have been shown to encourage greater gender flexibility in children's attitudes. Applying an established eye-tracking paradigm to investigate children and parents' unconscious gender biases for the first time greatly contributes to the literature on implicit gender stereotypes, and the finding that educational activities are promoted significantly more in magazines aimed at boys than girls shows for the first time the impact that this media format may be having on children's aspirations and understanding of gender norms from such a young age. Further implications for theory, marketers, parents, educators, and future research are discussed in Chapter 11.

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Bodi, Anna E. "Patty Hearst: A Media Heiress Caught in Media Spectacle." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/639.

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In 1974, decades before foreign terrorists became a fixture in the American consciousness, the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA), an American domestic terrorist group, abducted nineteen-year-old media heiress Patricia (Patty) Hearst. The abduction kicked off a four decade multi-faceted media spectacle. The media and public raptly followed Hearst’s imprisonment as a hostage, apparent conversion to SLA revolutionary and criminal, eventual rescue and arrest, trial and conviction, presidential pardon, marriage to her bodyguard, half-hearted career as an actress, and ultimate withdrawal from the public eye. Along the way, the media portrayal of Hearst twisted and turned. She was the heiress, the hostage, the criminal, the victim, depending on the moment in time. The varying depictions of Hearst reflected evolving events, but also specific images of Hearst that captured the attention of the American public and the media. Resonant images of Hearst from her kidnapping, arrest, trial, and release – spanning the five years from 1974 to 1979 – demonstrate that the heiress’s case became a magnification of American anxieties of the time concerning celebrity, feminism and gender, the radicalization of youth, and terrorism. In a time dominated by print, radio, and television media, Hearst’s portrayal showcased the media spectacle as cultural parable for a controversial time.

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Levesque, Lauren Patricia. "Media Culture, Artifact and Gender Identity: An Analysis of Bratz Dolls." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28628.

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It could be argued that girl's play is witnessing a drastic transformation. This alteration is fostering much debate surrounding young girls and their notion of self identity. Neil Postman (1982) argues that childhood no longer exists as it has disappeared through the mass media. Likewise, Sharon Lamb (2001, 2006) argues that young girls are continually being sold the ideal attitude and a hyper-sexualized self identity through the media messages and products they consume. Such a problematic transformation raises several concerns with regards to girlhood studies. My research asks how MGA Entertainment's Bratz dolls place identity formation into question. By exploring the aforementioned notions, my research explores girl's play and identity and looks at how it contributes to the shaping of how a girl's choice in play impacts girlhood. I argue that such a claim would be best explored and answered through interviewing young girls and their mothers.

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Rawling, Katherine Dorothy Berry. "Visualising mental illness : gender, medicine and visual media, c.1850-1910." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542372.

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The history of madness is populated by mad women and yet, the visual record of madness is bursting with images of madmen alongside the familiar 'Ophelias' and hysterics. This thesis uses patient photographs to examine how patient identities were constructed and represented in the second half of the nineteenth century. It considers the effects of gender, class and medical discourses on how patients were constituted by images. It seeks to explain the effects of patient photography and the ways in which the medical encounter between doctor-photographer and psychiatric patient was visualised. By so doing it sheds light on photographic practices within Victorian institutions, the relationship between photography and medicine, and the various ways in which photography represented gendered mentally ill patients. The thesis draws together histories of madness and photography by exammmg photographs of patients diagnosed with mental conditions, produced from c.1850 to 1910. It is organised according to 'institution' and considers the photographs contained in British textbooks, British and French medical journals and the medical case books from two British asylums. The photographs they contain are analysed in the context of earlier attempts to visualise the insane in the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth century, and in the light of nonmedical photography practised in commercial studio or family environments. Psychiatric photographs were produced in vast numbers but their style, mode of production and display and, crucially, the patient identities they represent, are far from standardised or indeed predictable. This variety reflects the different priorities of the photographers, the type of patient being photographed and the contemporaneous photographic practices of individual institutions. The visual connections and differences between several types of photograph are discussed, as is their impact on the identity of the subject. It is argued that only by considering images from a variety of sources can the role and effect of photography in this context begin to be understood more fully.

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Ly, Kicki, and Liyu Hu. "Gender Difference Influence on Attitude toward Social Media among Chinese Consumers." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-1117.

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Social media is developing rapidly and China has become the largest market of social media usage. Due to numerous international social media platforms being unavailable in China, Chinese consumers have different usage and attitude of social media from those in other countries. According to previous studies, consumers’ usage and attitude of social media can be different due to their gender. Due to these two factors, it is interesting to study gender differences in attitudes toward social media in a Chinese context. By using questionnaires, data are collected from students in Shanghai, China. By applying SPSS, analysis of the results shows that Chinese online consumers basically have positive attitude toward using social media and positively think social media influence them. Most of Chinese respondents spend more than 1 hour on social media daily. Generally speaking, Chinese consumers use social media in order to communicate with others and search for different events. As to gender difference, Chinese women are more likely to follow a famous person by using social media than men. Both men and women use Wechat and Weibo the most frequently.

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Proctor-Thomson, Sarah. "Creative differences : the performativity of gender in the digital media sector." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2009. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/61629/.

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The digital media sector is a site for competing claims about women’s equality in employment. On the one hand, commentators have claimed that the digital media sector is exemplary as an open and egalitarian domain for all workers, including women. On the other hand, feminist researchers have identified persistent inequalities in the quality and quantity of women’s participation in this sector. I use this apparent paradox as a starting point to develop an analysis of the performativity of gender in the digital media sector in the North West of England, during the period 2001–2007. Previous feminist research has addressed this paradox by arguing that gender inequalities in the creative and digital industries are obscured by emancipatory accounts of new forms of work. I take an alternative route. Drawing on the work of Judith Butler, I investigate how positive articulations of work in the digital media sector might ‘perform’ gender inequalities. The theory of gender performativity employed in this study views gender as produced through repetitive discursive practices. In this study I analyse qualitative data from four sites in the ‘discursive field’ of the digital media sector. These data consist of: 1) statements in policy documentation from UK government agencies; 2) textual and visual representations of workers in careers and recruitment literature; 3) field notes from a participant observation of a digital industries training event; and 4) interviews with 23 female and male industry brokers and practitioners working in and around the digital media sector. I distinguish four apparently progressive articulations of work and women’s participation in these sites. These address changing skills requirements, shifting images of work and workers, and increased recognition and valuing of ‘difference’ and ‘diversity’ for creativity in the digital industries. I denaturalise these pervasive articulations by showing the discursive practices involved in their formation. I argue that there are shifts away from the sector’s previous characterisation as an exclusively technical, ‘geeky’ and male domain and that there has recently been a proliferation of possible worker subject positions in this work domain. Moreover, in a context of increasing attention to creativity, women are identified as ‘different’ and thus as potentially valuable creative workers. Yet, despite these shifts, women workers continue to be marginalised through repeated differentiation from some of the most valued subject positions in the sector. While women are seen to bring ‘difference’ and ‘diversity’ into the digital media sector, they also bring gender. Differences attributed to women are consistently devalued and are seldom recognised as ‘creative differences’. My thesis contributes an analysis of gender to debates about work in the creative economy. It also contributes to the development of feminist investigations of gender, work and organisation by providing a case study of the discursive construction of ideal and normalised workers in the creative work domain of the digital media sector.

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Feltham-King, Tracey, and Catriona Macleod. "Gender, abortion and substantive representation in the South African newsprint media." Elsevier, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018222.

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Democratisation and abortion legislation transformation in South Africa provided a unique opportunity to reflect on the descriptive and substantive representation of women regarding abortion in the newsprint media. Using Celis and Childs' (2012) inductive approach, we conducted a content analysis of newspaper articles on abortion from 1978 to 2005 answering: ‘Who is called upon to comment on abortion issues?’; ‘From what position do these commentators contribute to the discussion?’; ‘What changes emerged around the transition to democracy?’ Our analysis revealed the distinctly gendered nature of substantive representation of abortion in the newsprint media, including: a bifurcation of positions taken by male and female commentators, with around two-thirds of women commentators substantively representing women through a pro-choice position; a consistency in the percentage of female commentators taking this position both before and after democratisation; and the socio-political changes shifting male commentators' perspectives from neutral or unstated positions to, mostly, a pro-life position.
Full text available on publisher website: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277539515000680

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Zhang, Heng. "Gender, Personality, and Self Esteem as Predictors of Social Media Presentation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2483.

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In an age when people make and maintain relationships in online environments, creating and sustaining impressions online becomes equally important. For a better understanding of social networking sites usage, the present study examines the influence of gender, personality, and selfesteem on social media presentation. The goal of this study is to investigate individuals‘ expressions through social media in order to determine if they reflect the author‘s gender, personality, and levels of self-esteem. Quantitative analysis was used in this study through survey and SPSS content analysis. The researcher found that neuroticism was related to selfpresentation, and agreeableness is related to Facebook friends. Personality traits were generally shown to be a stronger predictor of self-presentation on social media than gender or self-esteem, because the big five personality traits correspond well with functions of social media.

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Zubairi, Sidra. "Gender Beyond Binary." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5449.

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Transgender individuals challenge the binary definition of gender accepted in Pakistani society and as a result, Pakistan’s transgender community is highly marginalized. Pakistani society regards transgender individuals as “abnormal,” because their physical appearance and behavior fail to conform with conventional expectations. Based on contextual research and interviews conducted with transgender individuals in Pakistan, my thesis explores the obstacles transgender individuals face in the course of everyday survival. My research responds to the physical realities of being transgender in Pakistani society and analyzes cultural norms associated with gender, which trigger harassment. By designing transformable apparel for these individuals, informed by primary and secondary research, my goal is to help them cope with the everyday struggles of being transgender in Pakistan.

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Hooper, Charlotte. "Manly states : masculinities, international relations (IR) and gender politics." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389164.

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Perry, Kourtnie. "An analysis of race and gender portrayls [sic] on television commercials." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1163799784.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Akron, School of Communication, 2006.
"December, 2006." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 10/15/2007) Advisor, Dudley B. Turner; Faculty readers, N. J. Brown, Kathleen D. Clark; Director, School of Communication, Carolyn Anderson ; Dean of the College, James Lynn; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.

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Roßhart, Julia. "Bedrohungsszenario "Gender" : gesellschaftliches Geschlechterwissen und Antifeminismus in der Medienberichterstattung zum Gender Mainstreaming." Master's thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1837/.

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Gegenstand der Analyse ist die mediale Auseinandersetzung um feministische de/konstruktivistische Theorie und Praxis, die 2006/2007 unter der Überschrift 'Gender Mainstreaming' stattfand. Dominiert wurde die Mediendebatte von einer Reihe antifeministischer Veröffentlichungen in überregionalen (Print- und Online-) Zeitungen und Magazinen; auf ihnen liegt das Hauptaugenmerk meiner Untersuchung. Im Zentrum stehen dabei die Einzelanalysen der Artikel "'Gender Mainstreaming' Politische Geschlechtsumwandlung" (FAZ; Volker Zastrow) und "Der neue Mensch" (Der Spiegel; René Pfister), die unter Hinzuziehung des Debattenkontextes (ca. 50 Artikel) untersucht werden. Die Analyse verfolgt die zentralen diskursiven Strategien, mit denen feministische de/konstruktivistische Theorie und Praxis sowie die Protagonist_innen derselben delegitimiert werden und fragt nach den impliziten wie expliziten Aussagen, den zugrundeliegenden gesellschaftlichen Wissensvorräten, Deutungsrahmen und Ausschlüssen. Theoretisch und methodisch wird eine Perspektive entwickelt, die die Mediendebatte einerseits als Kondensat gesellschaftlicher Wissensvorräte und als Spiegel gesellschaftlicher Machtverhältnisse, andererseits als Produzentin von Wissen und Macht analysierbar macht. Die Forschungsfragen und Analyseergebnisse tangieren entsprechend das gesellschaftlich vorhandene Alltags- und wissenschaftliche Wissen über Geschlecht(erverhältnisse) ebenso wie das ‚neue‘ Wissen, das in der Debatte generiert wird, indem Wissen neu kombiniert, akzentuiert, in neue Kontexte gestellt und den Rezipient_innen zugänglich gemacht wird. Mit welchen Bedeutungen wird der Begriff 'Gender' aufgeladen? Nach welchen Kriterien werden feministische Interventionen beurteilt? Welche Subjekte werden abgewertet oder ausgeschlossen (Homosexuelle, Transgender u.a.)? Welches wissenschaftliche und welches Alltagswissen liegt den (antifeministischen/ transphoben/ homophoben) Aussagen zugrunde? Inwiefern haben de/konstruktivistische Geschlechterkonzepte Eingang gefunden in die öffentliche Geschlechterdebatte? Und schließlich auch: Welche Strategien verfolgten jene medialen Artikulationen, die positiv auf feministische Theorie und Praxis und/oder Gender Mainstreaming Bezug nahmen? 'Gender Mainstreaming' fungierte im untersuchten antifeministischen Strang der Debatte als Aufhänger für einen modernisierten Antifeminismus, der sich gegen sämtliche feministische Politiken und Theorien richtete, die (in der Debatte) mit dem Begriff 'Gender' assoziiert wurden. 'Gender' wurde dabei als politisches Stigmawort mit vagem de/konstruktivistischem Gehalt etabliert. Die untersuchten Delegitimierungsstrategien betreffen den Wahrheitsgehalt feministischer Theorie, die Ziele und die Wirkungen feministischer Politik und die Frage nach den Interessen, die mit feministischen Politiken verfolgt werden. Diesen Strategien liegen (unter anderem) Vorannahmen bezüglich Geschlecht und Geschlechtsidentität, Abwertungen und Ausschlüsse bestimmter geschlechtlich oder sexuell markierter Subjekte, spezifische Deutungen feministischer Politiken und Theorien und die Dethematisierung von Machtverhältnissen zugrunde.
The subject matter of his analysis is the media debate on feminist de/constructivist theory and practice conducted in 2006-07, using the peg ‚gender mainstreaming‘ to hang itself on. The debate was dominated by a number of anti-feminist publications, which my analysis mainly focuses on. The core of the research consists of the analysis of the articles „‚Gender Mainstreaming‘ Politische Geschlechtsumwandlung“ (FAZ; Volker Zastrow) and „Der neue Mensch“ (Der Spiegel; René Pfister), which are being investigated by also looking at the context of the debate. The analysis aims at the central discursive strategies which are used to delegitimise feminist de/constructivist theory and practice as well as their protagonists and enquires about the implicit and explicit statements of the articles, the basic common knowledge, criterion and exclusions. I devise a theoretical and methodical perspective, which makes the debate analyzable in a double way: On the one hand the media debate can be seen as a ‚condensate‘ of common knowledge and as a mirror of social power structures and on the other hand it functions as a producer of knowledge and power itself. Consequently the research questions allude to the existing common and/or science-based knowledge as well as to the ‚new‘ knowledge which the media debate generates by (re-)combining, (re-)accentuating and (re-)contextualising knowledge. Which denotations/connotations are assigned to the term ‚gender‘? Which criterion is being mobilized to judge feminist politics? Which subjects (homosexuals, transgendered persons et al.) are degraded or excluded? Which scientific knowledge and which common knowledge form the basis of the (anti-feminist/ transphobic/ homophobic) statements being made? Is there any evidence that de/constructivist perceptions regarding gender found access to the public gender debate? And eventually: Which are the strategies being pursued by those articles that referred to feminist theory and practices affirmatively? Within the anti-feminist thread of the debate, ‚gender mainstreaming‘ served as a peg to hang an updated antifeminism on, that was directed against all feminist politics and theories associated with the term ‚gender‘. ‚Gender‘ itself was established as a stigmatized political term including a vague de/constructivist meaning. The discursive anti-feminist strategies affect the trueness of feminist thought, the aims and impacts of feminist politics and the question about the interests pursued by feminist politics. These strategies rest upon the specific interpretations of feminist politics and theories, upon the exclusion of existing power structures from the debate, upon underlying presumptions concerning gender and gender identity and upon the degradation and exclusion of persons due to their sex, their gender or their desire.

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Karlsson, Stefan. "Mannen och kvinnan på DN Debatt : - En studie av den jämställdhetsbild som framträder på Dagens NYheters debattsida." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Information Science, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6772.

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ABSTRACT

Purpose/Aim: This essay aims to investigate what picture (obvious and hidden) of men and womens equality in our society that is to be found on DN Debatt.

Material/Method: The material consists of 175 articles from DN Debatt during 2004. A content analysis and a rethoric analysis has then been used as a method of analysing the material.

Main results: Men are much more represented on DN Debatt then women. The underlying picture of men and women that is presented sees men as being the ones who are in charge of all the important and “big” decisions and questions in our society. Women on the other hand are pictured as, although they have reached higher positions in society, the ones who to a high degree focus on closer and more socially important issues. The investigation has found much support of Yvonne Hirdmans theories of the gender system.

Keywords: Dagens Nyheter, DN Debatt, Gender, Gender Images, Media

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Klinkenberg, Maxine Nathalie. "She Changes News Media : Gender representation & portrayal in news coverage of COP26 leadership team." Thesis, Jönköping University, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53359.

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The underrepresentation and the stereotypical portrayal of women in the news media is an enduring matter. This thesis examines the gender representation and portrayal in news coverage of the underrepresentation of women at the United Nations’ 26th Conference of Parties (COP26). As frame of reference, the theories watchdog journalism, representation, feminist media, and homophily are used. The study conducts a manual content analysis on news reports and news tweets concerning the topic. The analysis focuses on four categories of women; reporters, sources, women who advocate for better representation at COP26, and women in relation to climate change. Previous research shows that women are underrepresented as reporters and sources in political news. However, this study concludes that women are highly represented in the news coverage of this topic, while men are almost totally absent. Furthermore, the study concludes that the women in the stories are portrayed in stereotypical ways. Women’s role as celebrities is highlighted and thereby other roles occupied by women are downplayed. Also, the stereotypical portrayals of women as victims and saviours in relation to climate change impacts are present in the analysed news reports and tweets. Further research is suggested in gender representation in media coverage of gender inequal representation.

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Orth, Zaida. "Rape culture and social media: Exploring how social media influences students’ opinions and perceptions of rape culture." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6872.

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Magister Artium (Psychology) - MA(Psych)
In April 2016 students from South African universities launched the #Endrapeculture movement to protest their universities’ institutional policies towards sexual assault on campus, which was seen as perpetuating a rape culture. Through the use of social media, students from across South Africa were able to provide instrumental information and mobilise support for the protests. This thesis focused on exploring the rape culture discourse that emerged from the online debates following the #Endrapeculture protests, as well as the potential of social media as an accessible and affordable pedagogical tool to address rape culture on campus. An exploratory qualitative design was used and this was framed within a postmodern feminist framework. To address the aims of the study two methods of data collection were utilised. All ethics principles were adhered to for both forms of data collection. Firstly, natural observation of comment threads of Facebook relating to the April 2016 #Endrapeculture protests was conducted. A total of 590 comments from 8 Facebook posts were collected and analysed using qualitative content analysis. The findings indicate that rape culture discourses were prominent within these comment threads with Perpetuating Victim-blaming emerging as the most significant theme followed by Rape or Rape Culture, Patriarchy, Race and Culture, Sexualisation and Bodily Autonomy, Trivialising Rape Culture and Role of Universities and Law Enforcement. The second part of the data collection involved conducting online, asynchronous focus groups using the Facebook secret chat group application. Participants for the SFFG were recruited on Facebook through a process of snowball sampling. A total of three SFFG were conducted with 16 participants. Thematic decomposition analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings revealed three main themes namely; Defining Rape Culture, Learning about Rape Culture and The Role of Social Media. Based on the observations from the comment threads and the findings from the SFFGs, it is argued that social media can be used as a pedagogical tool to address rape culture on campus in two ways. Firstly, it is beneficial on a macro level by using social media platforms to provide instrumental information about rape culture. Secondly, it can be utilised on a micro level by using applications like the SFFG to provide a safe space where students can engage in small-scale interactive discussions.

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Cole, Sara Mae. "Ergodic ontogeny| Influences of interactive media on identity." Thesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3609856.

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Video games represent the future of storytelling, changing the impact of cultural narratives in important ways through a process of learning and internalization of game content that alters players’ perceptions of self and reality. Continued rigorous research of interactive media is necessary because of the speed at which technology changes its capabilities and the dominant nature of its format—it is how many people will tell, hear, and experience stories, culture, and values in the coming years. This dissertation argues that a deeper understanding of how people play video games and what these play experiences mean must rely on interdisciplinary lenses of analysis that value player reports, programming choices, and cultural narratives equally. I establish a theoretical and methodological approach that defines elements of what it means to play video games, and study the qualitative influence of game-play on thought and behavior through pragmatic analysis of interview data. Samples of masculine discourses of game play in the United States provide a starting point for this exploration of video game impact through discussions of play theory, narratology, game programming and interaction with interactive media hardware.

Common social concerns regarding increased violence, aggression, or de-socialization as a result of this medium were not represented in the population presented in this dissertation. Players recognized the allure of the so-called negative aspects of video games, but ultimately expressed a decided disconnect between the real world and virtual experiences of play, describing cathartic and therapeutic reasons for their enjoyment of those elements. An interdisciplinary approach to video game research must be embraced, despite a constant call for quick, universal answers to their most common critiques. Foundational themes for understanding the influence of interactive digital play experiences on personal identity and ideology construction are demonstrated through thematic and sociolinguistic analyses of in-depth interview data. These include play theory, narratology, human-computer interaction theory, and player report data. I draw on the established theoretical backgrounds of these disciplines to suggest a new term, ergodic ontogeny, to describe this complex process of personal development resulting from influences of interactive digital media gaming that reach beyond play experiences.

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Laljer, David B. "Comparing Media Usage of Binary and Non-Binary Transgender Individuals when Discovering and Describing Gender Identity." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984259/.

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This study was conducted through in-depth interviews to examine potential differences between binary-aligned transgender individuals and non-binary individuals in regards to media usage when learning about, articulating, and explaining their gender identity. Results showed numerous differences between transgender people with binary-aligned and non-binary gender identifications in regards to social media preferences and differences in perceived media importance and effects. Additional information was found in regards to the age at which gender identity is articulated and the importance of individuality in comparison to one's gender identity.

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Jung-Kim, Jennifer J. "Gender and modernity in colonial Korea." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1566562851&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Reading, Anna. "Socially inherited memory, gender and the public sphere in Poland." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1996. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/948zx/socially-inherited-memory-gender-and-the-public-sphere-in-poland.

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More recent theories of the 'revolutions' of 1989 in the societies of Eastern and Central Europe now suggest that the underlying dynamic was continuity rather than disjuncture in terms of social and political relations. Yet such theories fail to explain the nature of and the reasons for this continuity in terms of gender relations in the public sphere. The thesis suggests that the clue to understanding the nature of the gendered transformation in Poland's public sphere in its mediated aspects between the years 1980 and 1994 lies in the role of 'socially inherited memory'. Socially inherited memory is the dialectical and gendered process by which a given society both remembers and forgets past events, feelings, thoughts and knowledge through representations. The key to Poland's social memory concerns the repressed stories of political right developed during the nation's period of identity formation in the nineteenth century and interwar years. Certain aspects of this social inheritance were recalled by the Polish United Workers' Party and then by Solidarity to legitimize their power: Because Poland's social memory was formed around the public exclusion of women and Poland's ethnic minorities this resulted in the continuation of exclusionary mechanisms and public ghettoization after World War Two, and, in the 1980s and 1990s. However, the evidence of the thesis also suggests that there were sub-plots of women's resistance and inclusion within the public sphere from at least the nineteenth century onwards. Thus the exclusionary impact of socially inherited memory is not an inevitable historical process: At particular historical moments inclusive representations of women and ethnic minorities are recalled or reenacted in the form of Public organisations or alternative cultural productions. Socially inherited memory it is suggested may provide a useful concept for examining the (en)gendering of the public sphere in other societies.

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Paxton, Rae-Julie. "Adolescent girls living in Rustenburg : gender roles, gender relations and future expectations as women." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50247.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Arguing from a social constructionist perspective and using a qualitative methodology the aim of the present study was to explore different dimensions of gender amongst a group of adolescent girls between the ages of 14 and 18 years living in Rustenburg, South Africa. More specifically it explores and describes the following aspects of gender amongst these girls: (a) how young adolescent girls living in Rustenburg perceive gender roles in general and how they perceive their own roles in particular (b) their gender relations with other adolescents and (c) their views on and expectations of the future as women. The rationale for selecting Rustenburg as the geographical area of research is due to its semi-rural location. While rural communities are generally perceived to be more conservative than urban areas they do not escape modernizing influences such as the mass media. An underlying theme of the present study is thus to ascertain whether or not the girls in Rustenburg still have relatively conservative perceptions regarding gender. The fmdings of the present study reveal that the participants have broken away from conforming to traditional roles assigned to women and would like to combine new modem roles with existing traditional roles. It is also clear that the mass media has a considerable influence in this regard. According to the respondents society values .a woman that can succeed in being a good mother, wife and home-keeper as well as being a career woman. Most of the participants want to fulfil these multiple roles. The advantages of being career women, according to these participants, are that such women are independent and fmancially self-reliant. Regarding gender relations, friendships with girls and boys are of equal importance to the respondents. On the one hand sufficient common ground exists to interact comfortably with boys, while on the other hand interacting with boys is seen as useful in obtaining insight into the life world of boys. However, a general opinion held by the girls is that they feel more comfortable to discuss more personal and intimate topics with their girl friends. Relationships with younger girls and factors influencing popularity among girls were also explored as themes. Future expectations that are shared by participants are that they would like to complete their school education and attend a technikon or university to further their education. Their future career expectations cover a wide range of occupational choices. Most of the participants want to get married in future - the ages varying between 25 and 30. They would also like to have children but only once they have established a good career. Their main concerns for the future are whether or not there will be job opportunities for them in the careers that they want to pursue.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om ondersoek in te stel na die volgende aspekte van 'n veelrassige groep adolessente meisies in Rustenburg se opvattings m.b.t. gender: (a) hul opvattings oor genderrolle in die algemeen en hul eie rolle in besonder; (b) hul genderverhoudings met ander adolessente; en (c) hul sienings oor en verwagtings van die toekoms. Die studie is gegrond in 'n sosiaal-konstruksionistiese perspektief en het gebruik gemaak van 'n kwalitatiewe metodologie. Indiwiduele onderhoude sowel as fokusgroepsessies is onderneem met 10 meisies tussen die ouderdomme van 14 en 18 jaar. Rustenburg is as geografiese area gekies weens die semi-landelike aard van die gemeenskap. Alhoewel landelike gemeenskappe dikwels as meer konservatief beskou word as stedelike areas spring hul nie moderniserende invloede soos die massamedia vry nie. 'n Onderliggende tema van die studie was dus on te bepaal of die meisies in Rustenburg not steeds relatief konserwatiewe genderopvattings het. Die studie het bevind dat respondente nie meer volledig konformeeraan tradisionele rolle wat aan vroue toegeskryf word nie en graag nuwe moderne rolle wil kombineer met bestaande tradisionele rolle. Dit is ook duidelik dat die massamedia 'n groot invloed het in hierdie verband. Volgens die respondente word 'n vrou wat suksesvol is as goeie moeder, eggenoot en tuisteskepper sowel in 'n loopbaan hoog gewaardeer. Die meerderheid van die respondente wil hierdie meervoudige rolle vervul. Volgens die respondente is die voordeel van 'n loopbaan vir vroue daarin geleë dat hulle onafhanklik en fmansieël selfonderhoudend kan wees. Met betrekking tot genderverhoudings is bevind dat vriendskappe met meisies en seuns ewe belangrik is vir die respondent. Aan die een kant bestaan daar voldoende gemeenskaplike belangstellings om gemaklik met seuns te kommunikeer, terwyl interaksie met seuns aan die ander kant ook nuttige insigte bide in die leefwêreld van seuns. Die algemene mening van die meisies is egter dat hul meer op hul gemak voel om persoonlike en intieme sake met hul meisievriende te bespreek. Daar is ook ondersoek ingestel na die verhoudings met jonger meisises sowel as faktore wat die gewildheid van meisies bepaal. 'n Gemeenskaplike toekomsverwagting van die respondente is dat hulle hul skoolopleiding wil voltooi en daarna tersiêre opleiding aan 'n universiteit of technikon wilondergaan. Hulle het egter uiteenlopende loopbaanverwagtings. Die meerderheid wil in die toekoms in die huwelik tree - met ouderdomme wat wissel tussen 25 en 30. Hulle wilook kinders hê, maar slegs nadat hul gevestig is in 'n goeie loopbaan. 'n Belangrike besorgdheid oor die toekoms is egter of daar voldoende werksgeleenthede sal wees in die loopbane wat hul wil volg.

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Reinhard, CarrieLynn D. "Gendered Media Engagings as User Agency Mediations with Sociocultural and Media Structures: A Sense-Making Methodology Study of the Situationality of Gender Divergences and Convergences." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1404816397.

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Carter, Jennifer A. "Gender Differences in the Portrayal of Athletes in Olympic Media Guide Profiles." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1307457173.

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Ottosson, Therese, and Xin Cheng. "The representation of gender roles in the media : an analysis of gender discourse in Sex and the City movies." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för juridik, ekonomi, statistik och politik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-4373.

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Media is a big part of people’s everyday lives. It influences both how we see ourselves and the world to some extent. There are many different types of media, for example: television shows, movies, the radio, news papers, advertisements which are placed in random places and the internet. In these different forms of media, there are images of men and women, which are represented in different ways and with different characteristics. Research has been made on a lot of movies and television shows and this thesis will be adding to this vast amount of research by analyzing gender representation in the movies Sex and the City 1 and 2. By using discourse analysis, the results show different types of gender representation and whether the characters in Sex and the City challenge the patriarchal privilege. Assuming social constructivism, we believe that these images of gender representation in movies affect our perception of what a man or a woman is. Our results suggest that the characters do still follow the patriarchal privilege but some characters do on occasion challenge them. However the outcome is rarely successful.

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Arningsmark, Isabella. "DRIVING GENDER EQUALITY IN THE IT INDUSTRY : A case study of how an IT consultant company has worked to become more gender equal." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-150376.

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The IT industry in Sweden is today gender segregated. Only 20 per cent of peopleworking with IT are women, and the same statistics applies for the segregation of women studying IT at technical universities. The problem has existed for decades andtoday many companies have chosen to take actions to change the segregation and work to become more gender equal. But how can a company within the IT industry work to become more gender equal? What strategies and methods can be used and what are the advantages and disadvantages of using them? And how can companies make use of media technology and social media to impact, not only the internal organization but alsothe entire industry? The aim of this thesis is to discover and discuss which methods and strategies companies in the IT industry can apply to become more gender equal, and how social media technologies can support gender equality work. Through a case study of a company within the IT industry, together with a theoretical background, different methods have been identified and discussed. Gender equality work in many cases becomes a work of organizational change. The knowledge of gender equality and the perception of the problem have affect on what type of actions that are taken and the output of those actions. What generally was found to be of importance was the support from top management, together with making gender equality the business of the entire organization. Internal ambassadors and extensive communication has helped generating change of cultural values and implement knowledge into the organization. Targeted initiatives in the recruitment process together with statistical follow up and set goals have affected the employment of women. technologies have facilitated the communication and helped the initiative and information to spread quickly, as well as it has served as a platform for discussion for the employees. Keywords: gender equality, organization theory, communication, social technologies
IT-branschen i Sverige är i dag könssegregerad. Endast 20 procent av de som arbetarmed IT är kvinnor, och andelen kvinnor som studerar IT på tekniska högskolor och universitet är densamma. Problematiken har existerat i decennier och idag har många företag valt att agera för att försöka förändra segregering, och arbeta för att bli mer jämställda. Men hur kan ett företag inom IT-branschen arbeta för att bli mer jämställt? Vilka strategier och metoder kan användas, och vilka är fördelarna och nackdelarna med att använda dem? Och hur kan företag använda sig av medieteknik och sociala medier för att påverka, inte bara den interna organisationen, utan också hela branschen?Syftet med denna uppsats är att identifiera och diskutera vilka metoder och strategier företag inom IT-branschen kan använda för att bli mer jämställda, och hur sociala medier teknik kan stödja jämställdhetsarbetet. Genom en fallstudie av ett företag inom IT-branschen, tillsammans med en teoretisk bakgrund, har olika metoder identifierats och diskuterats.Jämställdhetsarbete blir ofta ett organisationsförändringsarbete. Kunskap om jämställdhet och uppfattningen av problematiken påverkar vilken typ av åtgärder som genomförs och resultatet av dessa åtgärder. Vad som anses vara av betydelse för jämställdhetsarbetet är dels att det stödjs av högsta ledningen, samtidigt som det bör göras till en angelägenhet för hela organisationen. Interna ambassadörer och omfattande kommunikation har hjälpt skapa förändring av kulturella värden och implementera kunskap i organisationen. Riktade insatser i rekryteringsprocessen tillsammans med statistisk uppföljning och uppsatta mål har påverkat anställningen av antalet kvinnor. Sociala medier har underlättat kommunikationen och hjälpte initiativet och information om det att sprida sig snabbt, och social medier har även fungerat som en plattform för diskussion för de anställda.Nyckelord: jämställdhet, organisationsteori, kommunikation, social teknik

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Martin, Lene Karine. "Lost in the Woods: A Theatrical Journey Through Gender and Media Analysis." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1133997072.

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Naylor, Bronwyn Glynis. "Representing violent women : gender and crime reporting in the British print media." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299000.

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Marcigliano, Teo Giovanni. "Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games and Gender in Media: A Critical Discourse Analysis." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24042/.

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The aim of this dissertation is to further the reader’s insight and understanding of discrimination in the context of human rights, in particular in the field of gender and transgender studies. This work will carry out an analysis of different newspaper articles regarding the recent Olympic games which took place in Tokyo. In specific, the articles regard the transgender athletes who, for the first time in the history of the games, competed in the gender category of their choice, despite the International Olympic Committee allowing transgender athletes to compete since 2004. The analysis will be based on articles written by both Italian and American newspapers in order to get a double point of view on the matter. Moreover, we’ll look at the differences between news publications based on their country of origin, in an attempt to understand whether the peculiarities of the two languages have influenced both the rhetoric of what’s being said and the very message they convey.

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Buiten, Denise. "Gender transformation and media representations : journalistic discourses in three South African newspapers." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24497.

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Despite apparent feminist advancements within contemporary South Africa, media representations continue to reproduce discourses that inhibit processes of gender transformation. As such, the media represents an important site of continued struggle over gendered meanings and power. While prolific research on gender and the media has been undertaken, there is still a need in South Africa to explore the ways in which media professionals themselves perceive their role in generating gendered media texts. This research therefore aimed to unpack media professionals’ perceptions of gender transformation through their work. Furthermore, given the perceived limitations of certain approaches to gender and the media in South Africa, feminist theory conceptualised as “progressive” was applied in the study towards strengthening engendered media production research. The study involved a thematic, critical discourse analysis of newspaper texts and interviews with journalists and editors from three weekly news publications. The study revealed a high level of discursive contradiction in gender representations, especially in the tabloidised newspapers. Gendered meanings were effected through different discursive devises, namely complicit, advocate and spatial discourses, which played out variously within different spaces of the newspapers. In particular, gender transformative representations of the “private” sphere lagged significantly behind those related to the “public” sphere. In addition, important negotiations over gendered meaning were being undertaken in the more “informal” newspaper spaces, such as columns and jokes pages, often neglected in news media research. The interviews further highlighted lags in feminist trajectories pertaining to the “private sphere”, with liberal-inclusionary feminist conceptions of gender transformation, focused on women’s public participation, predominating. With a few exceptions, progressive feminist perspectives, moving beyond numerical representation towards greater attention to symbolic, relational and integrated understandings of gender, were generally lacking. In addition, many participants conveyed a largely positivistic discourse of objectivity through the media. However, various discursive strategies through which social transformation values were imbibed into newspaper texts were identified, and the research highlighted potential discursive opportunities for gender transformative change. The central strategy identified was the need for the development of a progressive gender lens and the decentralisation of a liberal-inclusionary feminist paradigm within the media and broader society.
Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Sociology
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Ryan, Joelle Ruby. "Reel Gender: Examining the Politics of Trans Images in Film and Media." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1245709749.

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Williams, Meredith L. "Making of a monster : media construction of gender non-conforming homicide victims." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2009/M_williams_042109.pdf.

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Anderson, Heather Lynn. "Rural Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Individuals' Experiences With Social Media During Adolescence." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7212.

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Suicide attempt and completion rates are significantly higher for the transgender and gender-nonconforming (TGNC) population. TGNC adolescents experience many challenges and adversities, which are compounded when they live in rural communities. The lived experiences of rural TGNC adolescents with social media were unknown and created a gap in the research. This study was grounded in transgender, gender minority stress, and resiliency theories, along with the conceptual frameworks of rural communities and grit. The purpose of this descriptive phenomenological qualitative research study was to explore the lived experiences of rural TGNC individuals (18-24-year-olds) with social media during adolescence. Data was collected through a brief online survey and face-to-face interviews with 9 participants. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Data analysis included clustering of themes into textual and structural descriptions, as described by Giorgi. Results explored the lived experience and the essence of social media for rural TGNC adolescents. Rural TGNC adolescents reported emotional awareness and insight with both positive and negative aspects of social media, along with frustration and isolation. These results and implications may inform mental health professionals and providers about the social media experiences of rural TGNC adolescents, including how to incorporate these findings, better serve the rural TGNC population, and increase grit. These findings were also a voice for a hidden population of TGNC individuals living in rural communities during adolescence.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gender and the media'

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