Journal articles on the topic 'Gender and Self Acceptance Program'
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Yoon, Heejeong, Hayul Kim, Hyeri Shin, and Youngsun Kim. "The Effect of Older Adults' Self-Efficacy on Acceptance of Care Robot: Focusing on Gender Comparison." Korea Gerontological Society 43, no. 6 (December 1, 2023): 1027–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31888/jkgs.2023.43.6.1027.
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This study verified the effect of the older adults’ self-efficacy on acceptance of care robots according to the gender groups. This study used the data of the ’2022 Korea Older Adults Technology Acceptance Panel Survey’ conducted by the Department of Gerontology, Kyung Hee University, and multiple regression analysis was conducted by the all and gender groups on 506 older adults (203 males, 276 females) aged 60 or older nationwide. STATA 17.0 statistical program was used for analysis. As a result of the analysis by gender, in the case of men, the higher the technology self-efficacy and general self-efficacy, the higher the acceptance of care robot. In women, it was found that the higher the technology self-efficacy, the higher the education level and household income, and the better the Activities of Daily Living, the higher the acceptance of care robot. This study divided self-efficacy into general self-efficacy and technical self-efficacy and verified the impact of the two self-efficacy on the acceptance of care robots. This study has academic implications in that it divided self-efficacy into general self-efficacy and technical self-efficacy and verified the impact of the two self-efficacy on the acceptance of care robots. In addition, this study has practical implications in that it suggests separate action plans to increase the acceptance of care robots depending on the gender group of the older adults.
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Sendogdu, A. Aslan, and Ozdal Koyuncuoglu. "An Analysis of the Relationship between University Students’ Views on Distance Education and their Computer Self-Efficacy." International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology 10, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.46328/ijemst.1794.
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This study aims to examine the relationship between university students’ views of distance education system and their computer self-efficacy in terms of some variables using Information Systems Success Model (ISSM) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The study is important since the studies on the distance education system made with Unified Learning Style Model (ULSM) are limited in the COVID-19 pandemic period when distance education has become widespread. The views of university students on distance education and computer self-efficacy were examined in the study in accordance with the causal-comparative design, taking into account the variables of gender, year of study and academic achievement. Then, the correlation between the Technology Acceptance Model, participants’ achievement levels and computer self-efficacy was explained. 895 students attending Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Applied Sciences undergraduate program participated in the study. While gathering data, previously tested Technology Acceptance and Information Systems Success Model Integration and Computer Self-efficacy scales were used by combining the components from both models.
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Kim, Mi-Kyung, and Young-Hee Kim. "Mediating Effect of Self-acceptance on the Relationship between Parents' Psychological Control and Career Decision Level in college students." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 23, no. 12 (June 30, 2023): 215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2023.23.12.215.
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Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore the mediating effect of self-acceptance in the relationship between the psychological control of parents and the level of career decision in college students.
Methods For this study, 411 copies of data collected from university students in five regions through a self-report questionnaire were analyzed using statistical programs PASW Statistics 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. The specific procedure to achieve the purpose of this study is: first, the level of each variable was identified through frequency analysis, and then whether there was a significant difference in each variable according to general characteristics was identified through t-test and ANOVA verification. Second, after conducting the correlation analysis with this variable, a partial mediation model and a full mediation model were established, and the level of the mediation effect was identified through the X2 test. Third, the goodness of fit of the model and the path coefficient between variables were calculated through the AMOS program, and the Sobel-test was conducted to verify the mediating effect.
Results The results of the analysis are as follows. First, the level of parents' psychological control, self-acceptance, and career decision showed significant differences according to gender, major, and university type. The level of female students and junior college students was high in all three variables, and the level of parents' psychological control toward science students was high, but the level of self-acceptance and career decision was higher in liberal arts students. Also, the level of self-acceptance and career decision of students living separately from their parents was the lowest, and the highest level of career decision in the first grade decreased as it progressed from the second grade to the third grade, and then increased again in the fourth grade. Second, Parents' psychological control had a negative effect on the level of self-acceptance and career decision, and the level of self-acceptance had a positive effect on the level of career decision. Third, for college students, self-acceptance showed a complete mediating effect in the relationship between parents' psychological control and career decision level.
Conclusions The results of this study are significant in providing extensive basic data that can effectively improve the career decision level of college students. Therefore, it will be able to contribute to finding and presenting the direction of career education, guidance, and career counseling programs for college students.
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Senn, Charlene Y., Misha Eliasziw, Karen L. Hobden, Ian R. Newby-Clark, Paula C. Barata, H. Lorraine Radtke, and Wilfreda E. Thurston. "Secondary and 2-Year Outcomes of a Sexual Assault Resistance Program for University Women." Psychology of Women Quarterly 41, no. 2 (March 2, 2017): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684317690119.
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We report the secondary outcomes and longevity of efficacy from a randomized controlled trial that evaluated a novel sexual assault resistance program designed for first-year women university students. Participants ( N = 893) were randomly assigned to receive the Enhanced Assess, Acknowledge, Act (EAAA) program or a selection of brochures (control). Perception of personal risk, self-defense self-efficacy, and rape myth acceptance was assessed at baseline; 1-week postintervention; and 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month postrandomization. Risk detection was assessed at 1 week, 6 months, and 12 months. Sexual assault experience and knowledge of effective resistance strategies were assessed at all follow-ups. The EAAA program produced significant increases in women’s perception of personal risk, self-defense self-efficacy, and knowledge of effective (forceful verbal and physical) resistance strategies; the program also produced decreases in general rape myth acceptance and woman blaming over the entire 24-month follow-up period. Risk detection was significantly improved for the intervention group at post-test. The program significantly reduced the risk of completed and attempted rape, attempted coercion, and nonconsensual sexual contact over the entire follow-up period, yielding reductions between 30% and 64% at 2 years. The EAAA program produces long-lasting changes in secondary outcomes and in the incidence of sexual assault experienced by women students. Universities can reduce the harm and the negative health consequences that young women experience as a result of campus sexual assault by implementing this program. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/pwq/suppl/index .
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Heffner, Jaimee L., Noreen L. Watson, Edit Serfozo, Megan M. Kelly, Erin D. Reilly, Daniella Kim, Kelsey Baker, N. F. N. Scout, and Maria Karekla. "An Avatar-Led Digital Smoking Cessation Program for Sexual and Gender Minority Young Adults: Intervention Development and Results of a Single-Arm Pilot Trial." JMIR Formative Research 5, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): e30241. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/30241.
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Background Sexual and gender minority young adults have a high prevalence of smoking and unique barriers to accessing tobacco treatment. Objective To address these challenges as well as their preferences for sexual and gender minority–targeted interventions and digital programs, we developed and evaluated the acceptability, preliminary efficacy, and impact on theory-based change processes of an acceptance and commitment therapy–based digital program called Empowered, Queer, Quitting, and Living (EQQUAL). Methods Participants (n=22) of a single-arm trial conducted to evaluate the program were young adults, age 18 to 30 years, who self-identified as sexual and gender minority individuals and smoked at least one cigarette per day. All participants received access to the EQQUAL program. Participants completed web-based surveys at baseline and at a follow-up 2 months after enrollment. We verified self-reported smoking abstinence with biochemical testing; missing data were counted as smoking or using tobacco. Results For young adults who logged in at least once (n=18), the mean number of log-ins was 5.5 (SD 3.6), mean number of sessions completed was 3.1 (SD 2.6), and 39% (7/18) completed all 6 sessions. Overall, 93% of participants (14/15) were satisfied with the EQQUAL program, 100% (15/15) found it easy to use, and 100% (15/15) said it helped them be clearer about how to quit. Abstinence from smoking or using tobacco was confirmed with biochemical testing for 23% of participants (5/22). Both quantitative and qualitative results suggested a positive overall response to the avatar guide, with areas for future improvement largely centered on the avatar’s appearance and movements. Conclusions Treatment acceptability of EQQUAL was very promising. The rate of abstinence, which was biochemically confirmed, was 3 times higher than that of the only other digital program to date that has targeted sexual and gender minority young adults and 6 to 13 times higher than those of nontargeted digital smoking interventions among sexual and gender minority young adults. Planned improvements for the next iteration of the program include making the avatar’s movements more natural; offering multiple avatar guides with different on characteristics such as race, ethnicity, and gender identity from which to choose; and providing a support forum for users to connect anonymously with peers.
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Ruel, Catherine, Francine Lavoie, Martine Hébert, and Martin Blais. "Gender’s Role in Exposure to Interparental Violence, Acceptance of Violence, Self-Efficacy, and Physical Teen Dating Violence Among Quebec Adolescents." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 15-16 (May 7, 2017): 3079–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517707311.
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Despite efforts to prevent physical teen dating violence, it remains a major public health issue with multiple negative consequences. This study aims to investigate gender differences in the relationships between exposure to interparental violence (mother-to-father violence, father-to-mother violence), acceptance of dating violence (perpetrated by boys, perpetrated by girls), and self-efficacy to disclose teen dating violence. Data were drawn from Waves 1 and 2 of the Quebec Youth Romantic Relationships Project, conducted with a representative sample of Quebec high school students. Analyses were conducted on a subsample of 2,564 teenagers who had been in a dating relationship in the past 6 months (63.8% girls, mean age of 15.3 years). Path analyses were conducted to investigate the links among exposure to interparental violence, acceptance of violence, self-efficacy to disclose teen dating violence (measured at Wave 1), and physical teen dating violence (measured at Wave 2). General exposure to interparental violence was linked, through acceptance of girl-perpetrated violence, to victimization among both genders and to girls’ perpetration of physical teen dating violence. No significant difference was identified in the impact of the gender of the perpetrating parent when considering exposure to interparental violence. Self-efficacy to disclose personal experiences of violence was not linked to exposure to interparental violence or to experiences of physical teen dating violence. The findings support the intergenerational transmission of violence. Moreover, the findings underline the importance of targeting acceptance of violence, especially girl-perpetrated violence, in prevention programs and of intervening with children and adolescents who have witnessed interparental violence.
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Matera, Camilla, Chiara Casati, Monica Paradisi, Cristian Di Gesto, and Amanda Nerini. "Positive Body Image and Psychological Wellbeing among Women and Men: The Mediating Role of Body Image Coping Strategies." Behavioral Sciences 14, no. 5 (April 30, 2024): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs14050378.
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This study aimed to examine the mediating role of body image coping strategies in the relationship between positive body image and wellbeing. Three hundred and seventy-two women and three hundred and seventy-seven men completed a questionnaire assessing body appreciation, body appreciation functionality, body compassion, body image coping strategies (appearance fixing, avoidance, positive rational acceptance), self-acceptance and overall psychological wellbeing. Path analysis showed that avoidance significantly mediated the relationship between body appreciation and overall psychological wellbeing among both women and men; its mediating role was confirmed for men’s but not for women’s self-acceptance. Positive rational acceptance was a significant mediator of the relationship between body compassion and both psychological wellbeing and self-acceptance among men but not among women. These findings show that higher body appreciation is associated with a lower tendency to avoid appearance-related cognitions or thoughts that are interpreted as threatening, with an indirect effect on women’s and men’s psychological wellbeing. Analogously, but only for men, body compassion is associated with mental activities and self-care behaviors that foster rational self-talk and the acceptance of one’s experiences, which, in turn, are linked to higher wellbeing. These findings can help to plan programs aimed at fostering individuals’ wellbeing by focusing on their positive body image considering gender differences.
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Rajesh, Chinthana, Lena Ashok, Chythra R. Rao, Veena Kamath, Asha Kamath, and Varalakshmi Chandra Sekaran. "Predictors of psychological well-being among high school teachers: A cross-sectional study from Southern India." Indian Journal of Community Health 32, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 722–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i04.019.
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Background: Well-being is increasingly emerging as an important determinant of teacher effectiveness. Aim and objective: To assess the predictors of psychological well-being in Southern India. Settings and design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 460 high school teachers from government and private schools in Udupi district. Methods and materials: Ryff’s psychological well-being scale (1989) was used. Statistical analysis used: Predictors were identified using logistic regression and p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant Results: Autonomy, personal growth, positive relations, purpose in life and self-acceptance emerged as predictors of psychological well-being. Age predicted the subdomain of autonomy; number and age of children predicted environmental mastery; gender, monthly income and travelling time of teachers predicted the subdomain of self-acceptance among teachers. Conclusion: Teachers are an important resource whose psychological well-being has not received the attention it is due. An intervention program designed to fit their felt needs may be a step in the right direction.
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Park, Hayoung, Susanna Joo, Kwang Joon Kim, Chang Oh Kim, Yun Mook Lim, and Hey Jung Jun. "Interaction Effect of Subjective Health and Attitude about Aging on Gerontechnology Acceptance." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 657–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2486.
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Abstract This study examined the interaction effect of subjective health and attitude about aging on gerontechnology acceptance among Korean older adults. The sample was 310 Korean older adults aged 65 and above without cognitive impairment who completed an online survey. The dependent variable was the attitude about gerontechnology, especially an exoskeleton robot for exercise. The independent variable was subjective health measured by the questions about self-reported health conditions. The moderating variable was the attitude about aging, which was measured by asking how much they feel less useful as they age. Covariates were age, gender, education level, employment status, income, and marital status. The results from the regression analyses using PROCESS macro and bootstrapping showed that the interaction effect of subjective health and attitude about aging is significant for gerontechnology acceptance; when older adults consider themselves less useful as they age, they tend to have positive attitudes about gerontechnology despite their subjective health. However, of those who consider that they are not less useful as they age, they tend to have positive attitudes about gerontechnology only when they consider themselves unhealthy. Thus, they tend to have negative attitudes about gerontechnology when they consider themselves healthy and useful. The findings imply that gerontechnology-based exercise programs or interventions could be welcomed by those who consider themselves unhealthy and think they are useless as they age. Also, the findings suggest that when applying an intervention program using gerontechnology, health status and self-assessment of aging should be considered in advance.
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Choirunnisa, Rifda Amalia, and Ede Surya Darmawan. "Acceptance and Practice to COVID-19 Vaccination Among Rural Population in Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat 14, no. 3 (March 25, 2024): 349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26553/jikm.2023.14.3.349-361.
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As one of the strategies to prevent and reduce the spread of COVID-19 since January 2021, the Indonesian Government has implemented a COVID-19 vaccination program. When this research was carried out in the first semester of 2022, the achievement of COVID-19 vaccination target was not yet reach the expected target due to many people were afraid and refused to be vaccinated. The research aims to determine the acceptance and practice of COVID-19 vaccination in rural communities located in Banyumas Regency, Central Java in 2022. This was a cross-sectional study based on electronic survey data distributed to residents (aged ≥ 15 years) of Tunjung Village, Jatilawang Sub-district between May 27, 1 - June 10, 2022. The study sample size was 211 respondents using the quota sampling technique. We used the Health Belief Model (HBM) as the theoretical framework. The research results show that the majority (69%) of respondents stated that they received the COVID-19 vaccination and around 79.6% of those who received it had received the COVID-19 vaccination. Chi-square statistical analysis shows that the variables gender, education, knowledge about COVID-19, knowledge about COVID-19 vaccination, perceived severity of COVID-19, perceived benefits of COVID-19 vaccination, and perceived self-efficacy towards COVID-19 vaccination are related. significantly impact acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. Perception of self-efficacy towards COVID-19 vaccination is the strongest driving factor for acceptance (POR: 5.45). In the multivariate test, the most dominant variable influencing vaccine acceptance was the variable perception of self-efficacy towards vaccination after controlling for the knowledge variable. A significant relationship was obtained between receipt of COVID-19 vaccination and COVID-19 vaccination practices. It was concluded that acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination is closely related to the level of knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination, and the higher acceptance encourages the practice of carrying out COVID-19 vaccination. It is recommended that to increase acceptance and practice of Covid vaccination it is necessary to increase the population's knowledge regarding COVID-19 and the COVID-19 vaccine by increasing education and promotion of the COVID-19 vaccination program through electronic media, especially television and social media.
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Delapena, Samantha, Andy Chen, Abraham Houng, and Rachelle Lodescar. "543 Diversity in Burn Surgery Programs." Journal of Burn Care & Research 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2023): S102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irad045.140.
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Abstract Introduction Racial and gender disparities have been longstanding in the fields of medicine and surgery. In the literature, underrepresentation has been highlighted in plastic surgery and general surgery programs, however few studies examine this within burn surgery. Two studies describe the gender and racial disparities that exist in burn surgery leadership. This study seeks to compare and highlight the representation of minority and female surgeons in burn surgery training at a major metropolitan burn center to other surgical programs. Methods Applicant data were reviewed for acceptance to the clinical burn surgery fellowship program from 2008 to 2022. Self-identification was used to categorize gender as male or female and race as Asian, African American, White, and other. The gender and race of each applicant was recorded. The data was analyzed and compared to data trends in female and minority representation among physicians in other training programs. Demographic data were also obtained from newly hired staff of the same metropolitan burn center. Results From 2008-2022, there have been 30 physicians enrolled in this institution’s burn surgery fellowship program. Fourteen (46.7%) were female. Twelve (40%) were White, ten (33.3%) were African American, six (20%) were Asian, and two (6.7%) were of unknown racial background. From 2018-2022, there have been 277 newly hired staff members for the burn center. There were 238 females (85.9%). There were 142 (51.2%) who were White, 82 (29.6%) who were African American, 30 (10.8%) who were Asian, and 23 (8.3%) who were Hispanic or Latino. Conclusions In 2022, the US graduating medical class was 52% female – a proportion that has slightly increased over the last four years. Furthermore, the US graduating medical school class was 58.8% White, 25.5% Asian, 10.6% Hispanic or Latino, 8.3% Black; these proportions of minority groups have also demonstrated a slow, but steady, increase over the last four years. Previous studies have demonstrated a lack of diversity among burn surgery leadership, but do not address diversity among burn surgery fellows or among newly recruited medical staff within burn centers. This institution’s burn surgical program has aimed to maintain a diverse minority representation to serve a community that is also diverse in race, gender, and socioeconomic status. Applicability of Research to Practice Increasing gender and racial representation in burn surgery programs is beneficial for supporting the burn patient population, which is frequently diverse in race, gender, and socioeconomic status.
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Li, Kun, Yanju Li, and Teresa Franklin. "Preservice Teachers’ Intention to Adopt Technology in Their Future Classrooms." Journal of Educational Computing Research 54, no. 7 (July 26, 2016): 946–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0735633116641694.
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This study examined four factors that influence preservice teachers’ intentions to adopt technology in classrooms based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and Technology Acceptance Model. These four factors—technology self-efficacy, attitudes toward technology, perceived ease of use of technology, and perceived barriers of technology adoption—were explored through a multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that technology self-efficacy, attitudes toward technology, and perceived ease of use of technology were significantly predictive of technology adoption intentions when the other predictors were statistically controlled. Perceived barriers of technology adoption was not a significant predictor. Gender analyses were conducted showing no significant difference on all the factors between male and female. Practical and theoretical implications were addressed either to guide practitioners in designing teacher professional development program or assist researchers in their future study.
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Marier-Deschenes, Pascale, Anne Marie Pinard, Laura Jalbert, and Annie LeBlanc. "Assessing the Feasibility and Preliminary Effects of a Web-Based Self-Management Program for Chronic Noncancer Pain: Mixed Methods Study." JMIR Human Factors 11 (May 3, 2024): e50747. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/50747.
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Background In Canada, adults with chronic noncancer pain face a persistent insufficiency of publicly funded resources, with the gold standard multidisciplinary pain treatment facilities unable to meet the high clinical demand. Web-based self-management programs cost-effectively increase access to pain management and can improve several aspects of physical and emotional functioning. Aiming to meet the demand for accessible, fully automated resources for individuals with chronic noncancer pain, we developed a French web- and evidence-based self-management program, Agir pour moi (APM). This program includes pain education and strategies to reduce stress, practice mindfulness, apply pacing, engage in physical activity, identify and manage thinking traps, sleep better, adapt diet, and sustain behavior change. Objective This study aims to assess the APM self-management program’s feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects in adults awaiting specialized services from a center of expertise in chronic pain management. Methods We conducted a mixed methods study with an explanatory sequential design, including a web-based 1-arm trial and qualitative semistructured interviews. We present the results from both phases through integrative tables called joint displays. Results Response rates were 70% (44/63) at postintervention and 56% (35/63) at 3-month follow-up among the 63 consenting participants who provided self-assessed information at baseline. In total, 46% (29/63) of the participants completed the program. We interviewed 24% (15/63) of the participants. The interview’s first theme revolved around the overall acceptance, user-friendliness, and engaging nature of the program. The second theme emphasized the differentiation between microlevel and macrolevel engagements. The third theme delved into the diverse effects observed, potentially influenced by the macrolevel engagements. Participants highlighted the features that impacted their self-efficacy and the adoption of self-management strategies. We observed indications of improvement in self-efficacy, pain intensity, pain interference, depression, and catastrophizing. Interviewees described these and various other effects as potentially influenced by macrolevel engagement through behavioral change. Conclusions These findings provided preliminary evidence that the APM self-management program and research methods are feasible. However, some participants expressed the need for at least phone reminders and minimal support from a professional available to answer questions over the first few weeks of the program to engage. Recruitment strategies of a future randomized controlled trial should focus on attracting a broader representation of individuals with chronic pain in terms of gender and ethnicity. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05319652; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05319652
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Kustritz, Anne. "Everyone has a secret: Closeting and secrecy from Smallville to The Flash, and from shame to algorithmic risk." Sexualities 23, no. 5-6 (May 30, 2019): 793–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460719850114.
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This article charts changes in the representation and encoding of superhero closeting metaphors from US television programs Smallville (2001–2011) to The Flash (2014–). Many theorists have noted that superheroes’ hidden secret identities resemble closeting. However, because of legal and social changes in LGBTQ acceptance, as well as intensification of the data-driven security state, closeting on The Flash connects to a fundamentally different set of algorithmic neoliberal social processes. As a result, The Flash portrays a form of post-shame closeting wherein secrecy is a practice of necessary self-defense against mechanized necropolitical violence and social erasure based on unpredictable data markers of risk.
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Chen, P., and S. Hou. "Cancer Screening Beliefs and Reactions to an Innovative Colorectal Cancer Screening Kit among Chinese Worksite Population." Methods of Information in Medicine 44, no. 02 (2005): 315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1633970.
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Summary Objectives: This study assessed the relationships between cancer screening beliefs (perceived pros, cons, and susceptibility) and reactions (acceptance, self-efficacy, intention to purchase) to an innovative home-administered kit (HAK) for fecal occult blood test (FOBT) among Chinese worksite population. Methods: A total of 450 Chinese people aged 40 and older were recruited from ten worksites in Taiwan (2002), with response rate of 83% (375/450). Results: All the belief scales of cancer screening in general showed good internal consistency (Cronbach alphas >0.70). Perceived benefits and barriers to-wards cancer screening were significantly correlated with the acceptance, self-efficacy, and order intention towards the FOBT-HAK (p-values <0.001). Perceived susceptibility of cancer was associated with intention to purchase. After taking gender into consideration, the regression analyses showed similar relationships. Conclusions: Screening beliefs were significantly associated with reactions toward the innovative FOBT-HAK. Intervention programs addressing these beliefs could potentially promote positive reactions to innovative CRC screening strategies.
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Cattivelli, Roberto, Anna Guerrini Usubini, Gian Mauro Manzoni, Francesco Vailati Riboni, Giada Pietrabissa, Alessandro Musetti, Christian Franceschini, et al. "ACTonFood. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-Based Group Treatment Compared to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Group Treatment for Weight Loss Maintenance: An Individually Randomized Group Treatment Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 10, 2021): 9558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189558.
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The purpose of this Individually Randomized Group Treatment Trial was to compare an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-based (ACT) group intervention and a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-based (CBT) group intervention for weight loss maintenance in a sample of adult patients with obesity seeking treatment for weight loss. One hundred and fifty-five adults (BMI: Kg/m2 = 43.8 [6.8]) attending a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program for weight loss were randomized into two conditions: ACT and CBT. Demographical, physical, and clinical data were assessed at the beginning of the program (t0), at discharge (t1), and at 6-month follow-up (t2). The following measures were administered: The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) and the Clinical Outcome in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM). Generalized linear mixed models were performed to assess differences between groups. Moderation effects for gender and Eating Disorders (ED) have been considered. From baseline to discharge, no significant differences between interventions were found, with the only exception of an improvement in the CORE-OM total score and in the CORE-OM subjective wellbeing subscale for those in the CBT condition. From discharge to follow-up, ACT group participants showed significant results in terms of weight loss maintenance, CORE-OM total score, and CORE-OM and AAQ-II wellbeing, symptoms, and psychological problems subscales. Gender moderated the effects of time and intervention on the CORE-OM subscale reporting the risk for self-harm or harm of others. The presence of an eating disorder moderated the effect of time and intervention on the CORE-OM total score, on the CORE-OM symptoms and psychological problems subscales, and on the AAQ-II. Patients who received the ACT intervention were more likely to achieve a ≥5% weight loss from baseline to follow-up and to maintain the weight loss after discharge. The ACT intervention was thus effective in maintaining weight loss over time.
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Drew, Ryan J., Philip J. Morgan, Frances Kay-Lambkin, Clare E. Collins, Robin Callister, Brian J. Kelly, Vibeke Hansen, and Myles D. Young. "Men’s Perceptions of a Gender-Tailored eHealth Program Targeting Physical and Mental Health: Qualitative Findings from the SHED-IT Recharge Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24 (December 7, 2021): 12878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182412878.
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Despite increasing rates of co-morbid depression and obesity, few interventions target both conditions simultaneously, particularly in men. The SHED-IT: Recharge trial, conducted in 125 men with depressive symptoms and overweight or obesity, tested the efficacy of a gender-tailored eHealth program with integrated mental health support. The aims of this study were to examine the perceptions of men who received the SHED-IT: Recharge intervention in relation to recruitment, satisfaction with the program, and suggestions to improve the program. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted in a random sub-sample, stratified by baseline depression and weight status (n = 19, mean (SD) age 49.6 years (11.6), PHQ−9 score 9.0 (3.7), BMI 32.5 kg/m2 (4.6)). Transcripts were analyzed using an inductive process by an independent qualitative researcher. Four themes emerged, namely, (i) specific circumstances determined men’s motivation to enroll, (ii) unique opportunity to implement sustained physical and mental health changes compared to previous experiences, (iii) salience of the program elements, and (iv) further opportunities that build accountability could help maintain focus. Gender-tailored, self-directed lifestyle interventions incorporating mental health support are acceptable and satisfying for men experiencing depressive symptoms. These findings provide important insights for future self-guided lifestyle interventions for men with poor physical and mental health.
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Stephens, Tamara, Akiko Kamimura, Niwako Yamawaki, Haimanti Bhattacharya, Wenjing Mo, Ryan Birkholz, Angie Makomenaw, and Lenora M. Olson. "Rape Myth Acceptance Among College Students in the United States, Japan, and India." SAGE Open 6, no. 4 (October 2016): 215824401667501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244016675015.
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Rape myth acceptance is an important determinant of sexual assault behaviors. This study explored country and gender differences in rape myth acceptance among undergraduate students in the United States, Japan, and India. Male and female college students ( N = 637) in these three countries participated in a self-administered survey in the fall of 2012 (the United States, n = 206; Japan, n = 215; and India, n = 216). The order of the countries arranged in increasing order of likelihood of disbelieving rape claim was as follows: the United States, Japan, and India. U.S. and Japanese students were less likely to disbelieve rape claims ( p < .01) while U.S. students also were less likely to believe that victims are responsible for rape ( p < .01). Overall, female participants were less likely to believe in the rape myth acceptance, disbelief of rape claim and victims are responsible for rape ( p < .05). Acceptance of rape myth also varied by whether a participant knew about an organization or who do not believe they would seek help for sexual assault. Non-help seeking is associated with rape myth acceptance. This study, which used the same survey and data collection methods, provides comparative information on rape myth acceptance among college students in the United States, Japan, and India, which is not otherwise available, and contributes to providing fundamental knowledge to develop country-specific prevention programs.
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Aguiar, Elroy J., Philip J. Morgan, Clare E. Collins, Ronald C. Plotnikoff, Myles D. Young, and Robin Callister. "Process Evaluation of the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus PULSE Program Randomized Controlled Trial: Recruitment, Engagement, and Overall Satisfaction." American Journal of Men's Health 11, no. 4 (April 19, 2017): 1055–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988317701783.
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Background: Men are underrepresented in weight loss and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevention studies. Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of recruitment, and acceptability of the T2DM Prevention Using LifeStyle Education (PULSE) Program—a gender-targeted, self-administered intervention for men. Methods: Men (18–65 years, high risk for T2DM) were randomized to intervention ( n = 53) or wait-list control groups ( n = 48). The 6-month PULSE Program intervention focused on weight loss, diet, and exercise for T2DM prevention. A process evaluation questionnaire was administered at 6 months to examine recruitment and selection processes, and acceptability of the intervention’s delivery and content. Associations between self-monitoring and selected outcomes were assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation. Results: A pragmatic recruitment and online screening process was effective in identifying men at high risk of T2DM (prediabetes prevalence 70%). Men reported the trial was appealing because it targeted weight loss, T2DM prevention, and getting fit, and because it was perceived as “doable” and tailored for men. The intervention was considered acceptable, with men reporting high overall satisfaction (83%) and engagement with the various components. Adherence to self-monitoring was poor, with only 13% meeting requisite criteria. However, significant associations were observed between weekly self-monitoring of weight and change in weight ( rs = −.47, p = .004) and waist circumference ( rs = −.38, p = .026). Men reported they would have preferred more intervention contact, for example, by phone or email. Conclusions: Gender-targeted, self-administered lifestyle interventions are feasible, appealing, and satisfying for men. Future studies should explore the effects of additional non-face-to-face contact on motivation, accountability, self-monitoring adherence, and program efficacy.
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Jeon, Seung Yeon, Hyun Bae Yoon, Jee Eun Park, Sun Young Lee, and Jung won Yoon. "A qualitative study on the internal response of medical students during the transgender healthcare education: a focus on professional identity." Korean Journal of Medical Education 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3946/kjme.2022.237.
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Purpose: This qualitative study examined the inner response of medical students who participated in a transgender healthcare education program. The factors that effected the inner response were investigated in order to suggest strategies for improving the effectiveness of the transgender healthcare education program.Methods: The transgender healthcare education program consisted of 2 hours of lectures and 2 hours of clinical role-play over 3 weeks. Eight 4-year medical students in Seoul, South Korea, were selected considering gender, the route of admission to medical school, and religion. Each student was interviewed individually for approximately 30 minutes 3 times before, during, and after the educational program, and interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: By attending the transgender healthcare education program, students have shown three types of inner response—confusion, acceptance, and negotiation. The students’ personal identities and professional identities influenced these responses. In particular, students’ existing professional identities motivated them to learn about transgender healthcare and played a key role in resolving the discomfort that occurred during the educational program. Through the transgender healthcare education, students were able to reduce prejudice against transgender people, understand the unique medical needs of the transgender population and increase their self-efficacy related to transgender health care.Conclusion: The transgender healthcare education program allowed medical school students to acquire medical knowledge related to transgender patients and increase their cultural competence as future medical professionals. In addition, as the professional identity is critical in educating transgender healthcare, it should be considered thoroughly in order to effectively educate the medical students.
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Young, Myles D., and Philip J. Morgan. "Effect of a Gender-Tailored eHealth Weight Loss Program on the Depressive Symptoms of Overweight and Obese Men: Pre-Post Study." JMIR Mental Health 5, no. 1 (January 9, 2018): e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.8920.
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Background Obesity and depression are of two of the largest contributors to the global burden of disease in men. Although lifestyle behavior change programs can improve participants’ weight and depressive symptoms, the evidence is limited by a lack of male participants and a reliance on face-to-face treatment approaches, which are not accessible or appealing for many men. Objective This study examined the effect of a gender-tailored electronic health (eHealth) program on the depressive symptoms of a community sample of overweight and obese men with or without depression. A secondary aim was to determine whether the eHealth, self-directed format of the program was a feasible and acceptable treatment approach for the subgroup of men with depression at baseline. Methods In total, 209 overweight/obese men from the Hunter Region of Australia were assessed before and after completing a self-administered eHealth weight loss program over 3 months. To increase engagement, most program elements were socio-culturally targeted to appeal specifically to men and included printed materials, a DVD, motivational text messages, online- or app-based self-monitoring, and other weight loss tools (eg, pedometer). Depressive symptoms were measured with the validated 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8). Program feasibility and acceptability were assessed with a process questionnaire plus recruitment and retention rates. Changes in depressive symptoms and weight were examined using intention-to-treat linear mixed models, adjusted for the centered baseline score and other covariates. Effect sizes were estimated with Cohen’s d. Results At baseline, the mean weight and age of the sample was 105.7 kg (standard deviation [SD] 14.0) and 46.6 years (SD 11.3), respectively. Overall, 36 men (36/209, 17.2%) were experiencing depression (PHQ-8 score ≥10). Retention rates were comparable between men with and without depression (32/36, 88.9% vs 145/173, 83.8%; P=.44). At posttest, depressive symptoms had reduced by 1.8 units (95% CI 1.3 to 2.3; P<.001; d=0.5) for the whole sample. These improvements were particularly notable in the subgroup of men with depression (-5.5 units; P<.001; d=1.0) and 72.2% (26/36) of this subgroup no longer met the criterion for depression at posttest. A corresponding, albeit smaller, intervention effect on depressive symptoms was also observed in men without depression (-1.0 units; P<.001; d=0.4). The overall intervention effect on weight was -4.7 kg (d=1.3), which did not vary significantly by depression status. Program acceptability, feasibility, and online engagement metrics were also comparable between men with and without depression. Conclusions A gender-tailored eHealth lifestyle program generated short-term improvements in the mental health of overweight and obese men, particularly for men with depression at baseline. Despite receiving no personalized support, men with depression reported high levels of satisfaction and engagement with the program. As such, a longer-term controlled trial testing an adapted version of the program for this subgroup is warranted. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12612000749808; https://www.anzctr.org.au/ Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=362575 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6wJvbRsNW)
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Sumekto, Didik Rinan, and Kustinah Kustinah. "Undergraduate Students’ Experiential Motives when Expressing Bajingan as Their Expletive." Jurnal Humaniora 31, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.v31i1.26218.
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This study attempts at investigating students’ expletive motives revealing at their experiential life. 177 students majoring in English, Javanese, and Indonesian participated in this study. Data were collected from closed and opened questionnaires focusing on self-rated perception of Scherer and Sagarin’s (2006) ten swearing motives and Nicolau and Sukamto’s (2013) male and female attitudes toward expletive. Analyses used the descriptive and non-parametric statistics. Significant differences among four swearing motives were not found. But, the motive of acting cool indicated a significant difference (p=.000). The negative Z value (Z=-1.910) for anger expression, (Z=-.875) for peer pressure, (Z=-1.567) for tensions and frustrations relief, (Z=-3.607) for part of acting cool, and (Z=-.225) for society acceptance. The findings also indicated 10.2% females and .7% males confirmed bajingan as a wagon driver, whereas 70% females and 25% males stated it as an expletive. Males showed a predominant expletive more than females toward male and mixed gender. TV program was determined as the mostly influenced media. This expletive deals with intra-and inter-individual contexts deducing positive or negative reactions.
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Rey Peña, Lourdes, and Natalio Extremera Pacheco. "Physical-Verbal Aggression and Depression in Adolescents: The Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies." Universitas Psychologica 11, no. 4 (May 20, 2012): 1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.upsy11-4.pada.
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The present study examined the relationships between the use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies, physical-verbal aggression and depression in a sample of 248 adolescents. Specific emotion regulation strategies such as acceptance, rumination and catastrophizing explained significant variance in depression in adolescents. With respect to physical-verbal aggression, our results showed that the use of self-blame and rumination only predicted levels of aggression in boys but not girls. Regarding gender differences, girls tend to ruminate and to report more catastrophic thoughts than boys. Our findings suggest a profile of cognitive emotion regulation strategies related to physical-verbal aggression and depressive symptoms which might be taken into account in future socio-emotional learning programs for adolescents.
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Modeste-James, Akeem, and Franklin Chilaka. "Black Gay Men in Graduate Education: A Collaborative Autoethnography of Finding Black Queer Joy." Genealogy 8, no. 1 (March 5, 2024): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy8010024.
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In today’s sociopolitical climate, many marginalized communities face unique challenges and yet triumph in carving a pathway toward happiness and self-acceptance. Among those resilient individuals are Black gay men, who experience the intersectionality of race, gender, and sexuality, creating an array of experiences. This collaborative autoethnography explores the distinct hardship Black gay men face in graduate education while trying to find Black queer joy, particularly at predominantly white institutions (PWIs), where these programs can perpetuate institutional and systemic racism and homophobia. Through interviews, three themes emerged: a sense of belonging, battle fatigue, and finding joy. Elevating the experiences of Black gay men emphasizes the importance of recognizing intersectionality and inclusivity in institutional spaces for a more sustainable future.
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Kállay, Éva, and Alexandra Rebeca Mihoc. "Exploring Age and Gender Differences in Narcissism and Perfectionism and Their Mental-Health Correlates." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Psychologia-Paedagogia 66, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 5–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbpsyped.2021.1.01.
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"The changes occurring in modern society can significantly influence individuals’ well-being, mental health and even personality traits such as narcissism and perfectionism. Since studies investigating age and gender differences in narcissism and perfectionism have produced mixed results, and the number of studies conducted in Romanian population is scarce, the main aims of this study were to investigate possible age and gender differences in narcissism, perfectionism and several mental-health indicators in a sample of healthy participants, as well as specific association patterns between these variables within each group of participants. Our sample included 465 millennials and 149 participants over 35 years of age. The results indicate that millennials reported significantly lower levels of narcissism and self-oriented perfectionism than the older generations, higher levels of depressive symptoms and lower levels of autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and self-acceptance. Female millennials reported lower levels of narcissistic traits and higher levels of socially-prescribed perfectionism, depressive symptoms, personal growth, and positive relations with others than male participants. Older females indicated significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms and loneliness than male participants. Regarding association patterns, in the group of millennial women narcissism was positively correlated with self-oriented, socially-prescribed perfectionism and subjective well-being, and negatively with loneliness, environmental mastery and purpose in life. In millennial males, we found significant positive correlations only between narcissism and subjective well-being and environmental mastery. Our findings may have important implications for the literature regarding millennials and can contribute to the interventions and prevention programs designed to improve their well-being. Keywords: millennials, narcissism, perfectionism, mental health indicators, age and gender differences "
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McCoy, Thomas P., Nancy Hoffart, Lynne P. Lewallen, and Shemeka Thorpe. "The Validity and Reliability of Professional Self-Concept in Nursing in Accelerated Bachelor's and Master's Nursing Students." Journal of Nursing Measurement 28, no. 2 (May 19, 2020): 382–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jnm-d-18-00107.
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Background and PurposeAccelerated bachelor's and master's nursing students supported through the New Careers in Nursing program were surveyed (n = 3,506) using subscales from Arthur's Professional Self-Concept in Nursing Instrument (PSCNI). Reliability and validity of the instrument was assessed.MethodsFactor analysis using a random split-half design was conducted and differences investigated based on characteristics.ResultsFour factors were revealed: leadership (α = .85), skill (α = .89), career positivity (α = .72), and career negativity (α = .72), with acceptable confirmatory fit. Gender and race/ethnicity differences were found in self-perceived leadership and skill and in career positivity by race/ethnicity. Accelerated bachelor's and master's students were different on skill and career positivity.ConclusionsSelf-perceived leadership, skill, career positivity, and career negativity are distinct PSCNI concepts.
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Gil, Hilda Luz Bolaños, Débora Falleiros de Mello, Maria das Graças Carvalho Ferriani, and Marta Angélica Iossi Silva. "Perceptions of adolescents students on the consumption of drugs: a case study in Lima, Peru." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 16, spe (August 2008): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692008000700008.
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The consumption of drugs has increased worldwide and has become a public health problem, affecting particularly adolescents. This study aimed to identify the opinions of adolescent students on the use of drugs and drug users, in a school in Lima, Peru. It is a descriptive and cross-sectional study with a questionnaire self-applied to 386 students. Data collected comprised students' personal data, their perception on the risk of drugs consumption, motivations, information on preventive interventions, drugs availability, opinion regarding drug users and their family, and social acceptance. Male gender was predominant. Most of the participants were unfavorable regarding risk perception and consumption motives, though, they were favorable towards information. We have a relevant role in explaining behaviors and also in implementing appropriate and efficient preventive and treatment programs.
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Presant, Cary A., Kimlin Ashing, Sophia Yeung, Jonjon Macalintal, Brenda Gascon, Alexis Stewart, Argiela Sandoval, et al. "Abstract 752: Increasing cancer patient acceptance of tobacco cessation by an innovative patient-centric personal pathway to success (PPS) program." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-752.
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Abstract Background: Participation in tobacco cessation programs by cancer patients (pts) is a challenge. We developed a cessation program Personal Pathway to Success (PPS) to increase diverse pts’ uptake of cessation services. Methods: City of Hope (COH) tobacco cessation program requires a tobacco use survey, and a Societal Determinants of Health Scale. 34 cessation services were offered to pts in PPS. All pts received 3 PPS services: motivational interview (MI) with a tobacco treatment specialist (TTS), a cessation educational video and brochure. Pts were classified as PPS+ (enhanced intervention) if they accepted supportive counseling by a TTS, and created their personal quit plan from PPS services. But pts classified as PPS- did not accept other services. PPS+ could add or delete services at any time. PPS- received monthly invitations to PPS+ by a TTS at each clinical visit. Early-Quit was defined as self-reported abstinence at 3 months (3monQuit). We tested this program in the preoperative clinic. Results were compared using univariate statistics. Study data collection was 9/2021 to 9/2022. Results: 55 pts were eligible. 19 (37%) pts were Caucasian (WH) while 32 (63%) pts were minority (MIN: Asian 5%, Hispanic 24%, Black 5%, and Middle Eastern [ME] 20%). Of the 55, 26 chose PPS+ (47%), while 29 chose PPS-. Patients >65 y.o. were more likely to choose PPS+ (70%) versus ≤65 (29%, p=0.003). 8 of 19 (42%) WH pts, 3 of 5 (60%) Black pts, 9 of 12 (75%) Hispanic pts and 3 of 10 (30%) of ME pts, became PPS+. Mean number of PPS services used tended higher in WH (16.5) versus MIN pts (12.4, p=0.11). Although non-significant, 3monQuit tended greater in MIN pts 37% compared to WH 26% (p=0.38). Overall, 3monQuit was achieved by 38% of PPS+, and 28% of PPS- pts (p=0.49). In PPS-, 0% of WH pts were 3monQuit versus 53% of MIN pts were 3monQuit (p=0.001). Among PPS+, 63% of WH pts were 3monQuit, versus 29% of MIN pts (p=0.12). Of PPS+ who did not quit, 71% reduced tobacco use. 3monQuit was not associated with age, gender or receipt of cessation support medications. Conclusions: In this initial pilot study, our patient-centric PPS intervention enhanced pts’ uptake of cessation. Overall, our PPS+ intervention increased cessation reach and 3monQuit. PPS+ was required to achieve abstinence in WH pts. But PPS- intervention (MI, video, brochure only) resulted in 3monQuit even without counseling among MIN pts only. Our findings suggest a more favorable cost-benefit outcome of tobacco cessation in MIN populations with Min pts requiring minimal intervention to achieve 41% abstinence. Thus, medical clinics even in low resource settings ought to increase offering tobacco cessation especially to MIN pts who are at greatest risk for tobacco related diseases, and who may benefit the most with the least amount of intervention. Confirmation of these results with a larger sample in other clinical settings is ongoing. Citation Format: Cary A. Presant, Kimlin Ashing, Sophia Yeung, Jonjon Macalintal, Brenda Gascon, Alexis Stewart, Argiela Sandoval, Mary Cianfrocca, Ravi Salgia, Dan Raz, Loretta Erhunmwunsee, Janet Cronkhite, Khristie Davy, Yuman Fong, Steven Rosen. Increasing cancer patient acceptance of tobacco cessation by an innovative patient-centric personal pathway to success (PPS) program [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 752.
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Dhaka, Poonam, Elsche Magdalena Kalola, and Sanmari Steenkamp. "Attitudes toward rape victims among University of Namibia students." Journal for Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (August 21, 2020): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32642/.v8i2.1515.
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A common misunderstanding about rape is that the perpetrator is driven by a sexual desire motivated by the victim’s seductive dressing or behaviour. The damaging impact of rape on the victim not only affects the victim’s emotional, psychological and physical state, but its ripple effects impact the larger systems of families, friends and life partners. The literature on studies of attitudes toward rape shows that there is an overall negative attitude towards rape victims leading to discrimination, stigma and, consequently, under-reporting of rape. The main focus of the present study was to investigate university students’ attitude toward rape victims. Furthermore, the study sought to explore gender differences in acceptance of rape victims. A convenience sampling technique was used to draw a sample of 131 students between the ages of 19-38 years. The sociodemographic questionnaire and Attitudes Towards Rape Victims Scale (ATRVS) were self-administered to collect quantitative data and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. The results indicate that male students have significantly higher unfavourable attitudes towards rape victims in comparison to females. Most of the rape victims are judged by what they wear and their location. However, both genders showed an acceptance of rape victims, even though a small number of males indicated “mildly disagree” on the scale. To be effective at reducing victimization, results strongly suggest rape awareness programs and interventions targeting society’s attitude and ways of dealing with a victim. Without community involvement and change in societal attitudes toward rape, legal policies will remain ineffective.
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Kalra, Janvi, Pankaj Dhawan, Sapna Rani, and Vidushi Saxena. "A Cross-Sectional Study to Analyse Patients’ Decision-Making Variables for Prosthodontic Treatment." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 17, no. 23 (May 28, 2024): 2381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v17i23.423.
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Objectives: The patient's attitude, appropriate treatment planning, and decision-making are necessary to fabricate dental prostheses. This study aimed to evaluate the factors influencing patients' decision-making, patient expectations, and approval of the suggested treatment strategy regarding prosthodontic treatment by the population in the Faridabad region. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out amongst 143 patients in the Department of Prosthodontics at Manav Rachna Dental College, Faridabad, over one month to determine patient's attitudes toward treatment for dental prosthesis. The self-administered questionnaire was made in both English and Hindi languages. The questionnaire's Part A section included demographic data about patients enrolled in the epidemiological survey. Part B of the survey assessed their attitude toward the absence of teeth. Part C comprised close-ended multiple-choice questions assessing the factors affecting decision-making. Part D assessed the patient's expectations from the prosthodontic treatment. Part E evaluated whether the suggested course of treatment was accepted and the reason why the suggested treatment course was rejected. Statistical Analysis: Logistic regression analysis and cross-tabulation analysis were performed using the SPSS 23.0 program to assess the relation between the decision to choose dental prosthesis treatment and independent variables using Tukey's test. Findings: In this analysis, the p-values for age, marital status, gender, level of education, and socio-economic status, when associated with the acceptance of the treatment plan, were all above 0.05, suggesting no statistically significant correlation in these specific associations. However, the elderly population (>60 years) showed a higher percentage of acceptance. Also, female patients readily accepted the suggested treatment plan. Most patients demonstrated acceptance of the proposed course of treatment, with financial considerations emerging as a primary deterrent for those who declined. However, patients were hesitant to get treatment done if surgery was required. Novelty: This epidemiological survey highlighted the importance of the development of health policies regarding dental treatment to make it more affordable for all socioeconomic groups. Conclusion: The importance that patients have on appearance and the crucial role that dentists play in creating treatment plans. As a result, it draws attention to crucial areas that require improvement and intervention. Keywords: Decision making, Prosthodontics, Treatment protocol, Patient education, Patient acceptance of healthcare
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Ablard, Karen E. "Parents' Conceptions of Academic Success: Internal and External Standards." Journal of Secondary Gifted Education 8, no. 2 (December 1996): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1932202x9600800202.
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The ways in which parents get involved and advocate for their children's education rely upon parents' conceptions of academic success. Mothers (n = 547) and fathers (n = 547) of sixth-grade, academically talented students (62% males) completed a questionnaire assessing parents' definitions of academic success. Definitions were classified as Internal (i.e., emphasized behaviors relative to the student, had individual importance, or were self-satisfying), External (i.e., emphasized behaviors recognized as eminent by others or superior to peers), Both, or Neither. Conceptions were related to parents' education level, gender, and ethnic group. Parents likely to emphasize internal standards were those without a doctorate or medical degree, mothers, and White parents, which suggests that these groups are supportive of programs catering to individual needs and abilities. Fathers were more likely than mothers to measure academic success by external standards including high grades, college acceptance, and employment in a good career, which suggests that they support programs fostering the attainment of eminent achievements and may exert more pressure on their children.
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Javidi, Hannah, Laura Widman, Nikolette Lipsey, Julia Brasileiro, Farhad Javidi, and Arnav Jhala. "Redeveloping a Digital Sexual Health Intervention for Adolescents to Allow for Broader Dissemination: Implications for HIV and STD Prevention." AIDS Education and Prevention 33, no. 2 (April 2021): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2021.33.2.89.
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HIV/STDs and unintended pregnancy persist among adolescents in the United States; thus, effective sexual health interventions that can be broadly disseminated are necessary. Digital health interventions are highly promising because they allow for customization and widespread reach. The current project involved redeveloping and expanding HEART (Health Education and Relationship Training)—a brief, digital sexual health intervention efficacious at improving safer sex knowledge, self-efficacy, and behavior—onto an open-source platform to allow for greater interactivity and accessibility while reducing long-term program costs. The authors describe the process of adapting, reprogramming, and evaluating the new program, which may serve as a guide for investigators seeking to adapt behavioral interventions onto digital platforms. The final product is an open-source intervention that can be easily adapted for new populations. Among 233 adolescents (Mage = 15.06; 64% girls), HEART was highly acceptable and generally feasible to administer, with no differences in acceptability by gender or sexual identity.
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Lariat, Joni, Webster Mavhu, Thandiwe Mudhumo, Pueshpa Shaba, Sharon Sibanda, Rufaro Mbundure, Carol Wogrin, Abigail Mutsinze, Nicola Willis, and Sarah Bernays. "Leaving no one behind? Addressing inequitable HIV outcomes by attending to diversity: A qualitative study exploring the needs of LGBTQI+ young people living with HIV in Zimbabwe." PLOS Global Public Health 4, no. 1 (January 25, 2024): e0002442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002442.
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Leaving nobody behind in the fight to end the HIV epidemic as a public health threat depends on addressing inequities in optimal HIV outcomes. Consistently overlooked in research, policy and programming are young lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning and intersex (LGBTQI+) people who are living with HIV. This study engaged young LGBTQI+ people in Zimbabwe to better understand their experiences of living with HIV and the support they need. Between September 2022 and February 2023, we conducted qualitative research with 14 LGBTQI+ young people (18–24 years), (two focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with 5/14). All 14 participants were accessing a LGBTQI+ HIV support group at Zvandiri (‘As I Am’), a well-established community-based HIV program. We conducted thematic analysis and key findings informed the collaborative development of internal activities to further enhance inclusivity of LGBTQI+ young people within Zvandiri’s programs. There was consensus among participants that being LGBTQI+ and living with HIV leads to “double stigma and double trouble”, involving physical and verbal harassment, social exclusion and family rejection. Participants concealed their LGBTQI+ identity and HIV status in most situations, and many withheld their HIV status in LGBTQI+ social spaces, including community-led LGBTQI+ services. This negatively impacted their psychosocial well-being and social connectedness. Participants described positive experiences of Zvandiri. Interacting with others living with HIV in a destigmatising environment promoted self-acceptance. However, reflecting their prevailing experiences, participants were cautious about revealing their sexuality and/or gender identity at Zvandiri outside of their support group. Ensuring equitable access to HIV care, including mental health support, relies on understanding the challenges experienced by those most marginalised. Critically important is understanding the impact of intersectional stigma on LGBTQI+ young peoples’ social lives, and their access to services. Community-based HIV support programs are well-positioned to support and advance this group’s health rights.
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Obulinji, Musamia, Ruto Korir, Njeri Kiaritha, and Shikuku Mulambula. "THE INTERRELATIONSHIP AMONG THE COMPONENTS OF STUDENTS’ INTERNET INSIGHT AS AN ACADEMIC RESOURCE TOOL IN KENYAN UNIVERSITIES." European Journal of Technology 5, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): 42–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ejt.894.
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Purpose: The aim of this paper was to determine the interrelationship among the components of students’ internet insight as an academic resource tool in universities based in Kenya.
Methodology: The study was conducted in Moi University and Daystar University. The study was based on the Social learning theory by Bandura focusing on internet self-efficacy and supplemented by Technology acceptance model by Davies. Quantitative research approach was undertaken. An ex post facto research survey design was adopted. The researcher used a representative sample of 435 (Moi University) and 175 (Daystar University)adding up to 610 Third year student teachers of the academic year 2015/2016 drawn from School of Education in the two universities. Stratified sampling was used to categorize students by gender from each stratum; participants were chosen randomly. Questionnaires were used as instruments of data collection. Content validity was established by use of expert judgment in the school of education. Test re-test method was applied to check if the instruments that collected data were reliable. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyze data. In descriptive statistics data frequencies, percentages and mean was used. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Chi square and Post hoc tests were used to test the hypotheses.
Results: The findings indicated that more participants concurred with almost all accounts on internet knowledge, self-efficacy, perceived internet usefulness and perceived internet ease of use.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The results of the paper are useful in designing educational programs in Kenyan institutions of higher learning and also, present a platform to close the gap of knowledge in digital divide field which is used later in technology acceptance studies.
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Turel, Vehbi, Sinan Calık, and Adem Doganer. "Vocational School Students' Information and Communication Technology Self-Efficacy Beliefs and the Factors Affecting their Use of Such a Technology." International Journal of Adult Vocational Education and Technology 6, no. 2 (April 2015): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijavet.2015040103.
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The purpose of vocational schools (VSs) in Turkey, which offer two-year degree courses, is to provide the students who have completed a high school programme successfully with practical introductory experience in skilled trades such as computing, electronics, mechanics, carpentry, construction, field crops, and so on. Those who complete a two-year VS degree successfully are also entitled to take the national exam to access the associate degrees so that they can study further two years and get a four year degree diploma instead of a two-year one. In this study, vocational school (VS) students' (i.e., age 17/18 and above) information and communication technology (ICT) self-efficacy beliefs and their level in use of certain common programmes at one of the colleges in the eastern part of Turkey were investigated in the spring of 2012. The study examined the VS students' (a) demographic background, (b) their ICT self-efficacy beliefs and (c) their ICT-using level in certain common programs. The VS students at four different departments (i.e., two-year degree courses) who were full-time were given the questionnaires to complete. 272 (N=272) participants completed them. The study was both quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative results were analysed with SPSS (i.e., descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Independent Samples Test). The qualitative data were analysed with examining the participants' responses gathered from the open-ended questions and focussing on the shared themes among the responses. The results revealed that the participants were ICT literate and users. They had positive ICT self-efficacy beliefs and their level in certain common programs was good. There were also statistical differences between their (a) ICT self-efficacy beliefs and (b) ICT level in certain common programs in terms of the length of ICT-use, the frequency of ICT-use, the place of ICT-access, and gender. The findings were consistent with the models and theories of technology engagement (i.e., theory of technology acceptance, the theory of reasoned action, the decomposed theory of planned behaviour, and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology), which recognise facilitating or inhibiting conditions. The implications are (1) to provide (free) full-access to ICT in terms of technology availability and efficient resources, (2) to provide free efficient ICT courses and (3) to integrate ICT into teaching/learning.
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Ariyazangane, Elham, Mohammad Reza Borna, and Reza Johari Fard. "Relation of Anger Rumination and Self-Criticism with Social Maladjustment with the Mediating Role of Psychological Flexibility in Adolescent Boys and Girls." Caspian Journal of Health Research 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/cjhr.7.1.381.1.
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Background: Anger rumination affects adolescents’ mental health and seriously damages their functions in interpersonal and communication situations and their social adjustment function in various family, academic and occupational situations. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the relation of anger rumination and self-criticism with social maladjustment with the mediating role of psychological flexibility in adolescent boys and girls in Ahvaz (Iran). Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The statistical population was all secondary school students of Ahvaz in the 2020-21 academic year. The 848 participants (443 girls and 405 boys) aged between 16 and 18 years old, were selected using multistage cluster sampling. The research instruments included the Anger Rumination Scale, Levels of Self-Criticism Scale, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II, and Social Development Scale. Multigroup SEM was used to compare the proposed model between the girls and the boys. Results: There was a significant direct relationship between anger rumination, self-criticism, psychological flexibility, and social maladjustment (P<0.001). The findings suggested that psychological flexibility played a mediating role in the relationships of anger rumination and self-criticism with social maladjustment (P<0.01). In addition, there was a significant direct relationship between anger rumination and self-criticism to social maladjustment in boys, while this relationship was not significant in girls. Conclusion: The results suggested the desirable goodness of fit of the final model. Therefore, it is suggested to consider the roles of anger rumination, self-criticism, and psychological flexibility in predicting social maladjustment in students while regarding their gender differences in developing and implementing educational programs
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Shalaby, Reham, Wesley Vuong, Marianne Hrabok, April Gusnowski, Kelly Mrklas, Daniel Li, Mark Snaterse, et al. "Gender Differences in Satisfaction With a Text Messaging Program (Text4Hope) and Anticipated Receptivity to Technology-Based Health Support During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Survey Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 9, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): e24184. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/24184.
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Background In March 2020, Text4Hope—a community health service—was provided to Alberta residents. This free service aims to promote psychological resilience and alleviate pandemic-associated stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the feedback, satisfaction, experience, and perceptions of Text4Hope subscribers and to examine any differences based on gender after subscribers received 6 weeks of daily supportive text messages. Additionally, this study examined subscribers’ anticipated receptivity to technology-based medical services that could be offered during major crises, emergencies, or pandemics. Methods Individuals self-subscribed to Text4Hope to receive daily supportive text messages for 3 months. Subscribers were invited to complete a web-based survey at 6 weeks postintervention to provide service satisfaction–related information. Overall satisfaction was assessed on a scale of 0-10, and satisfaction scores were analyzed using a related-measures t test. Likert scale satisfaction responses were used to assess various aspects of the Text4Hope program. Gender differences were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square analyses. Results A total of 2032 subscribers completed the baseline and 6-week surveys; 1788 (88%) were female, 219 (10.8%) were male, and 25 (1.2%) were other gender. The mean age of study participants was 44.58 years (SD 13.45 years). The mean overall satisfaction score was 8.55 (SD 1.78), suggesting high overall satisfaction with Text4Hope. The ANOVA analysis, which was conducted using the Welch test (n=1716), demonstrated that females had significantly higher mean satisfaction scores than males (8.65 vs 8.11, respectively; mean difference=0.546; 95% CI 0.19 to 0.91; P<.001) and nonsignificantly lower satisfaction scores than other gender respondents (mean difference=−0.938; 95% CI −0.37 to 2.25; P=.15). More than 70% of subscribers agreed that Text4Hope helped them cope with stress (1334/1731, 77.1%) and anxiety (1309/1728, 75.8%), feel connected to a support system (1400/1729, 81%), manage COVID-19–related issues (1279/1728, 74%), and improve mental well-being (1308/1731, 75.6%). Similarly, subscribers agreed that messages were positive, affirmative, and succinct. Messages were always or often read by 97.9% (1681/1716) of respondents, and more than 20% (401/1716, 23.4%) always or often returned to messages. The majority of subscribers (1471/1666, 88.3%) read the messages and either reflected upon them or took a positive action. Subscribers welcomed almost all technology-based services as part of their health care during crisis or emergency situations. Text4Hope was perceived to be effective by many female subscribers, who reported higher satisfaction and improved coping after receiving text messages for 6 weeks. Conclusions Respondents affirmed the high quality of the text messages with their positive feedback. Technology-based services can provide remotely accessible and population-level interventions that align with the recommended physical distancing practices for pandemics. Text4Hope subscriber feedback revealed high satisfaction and acceptance at 6 weeks postintervention. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/19292
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Bermejo-Franco, Alberto, Juan Luis Sánchez-Sánchez, María Isabel Gaviña-Barroso, Beatriz Atienza-Carbonell, Vicent Balanzá-Martínez, and Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez. "Gender Differences in Psychological Stress Factors of Physical Therapy Degree Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2 (January 12, 2022): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020810.
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(1) Background: The aim of the study was to investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the mental health and quality of life of male and female physical therapy students at the European University of Madrid. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted including a range of tests capturing different domains: 36-item Short Form Health Survey, six-item state version of the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, Three Items Loneliness Scale, four-item version of the Perceived Stress Scale, Beck Depression Inventory revised version, and Sleep Quality Numeric Rating Scale. (3) Results: A total of 151 students completed the study, consisting of 78 females and 73 males. Gender differences were observed on most of the domains evaluated. Female participants showed worse levels of general health perception, quality of life, depression symptoms, anxiety, stress, experiential avoidance and psychological inflexibility, sleep quality and loneliness compared to male physical therapy students. (4) Conclusions: The results of this study support the need of psychological interventions as preventive programs in situations such as COVID-19 pandemic. The aims of this study comprise of improving knowledge, awareness, and self-coping strategies or other psychological domains oriented to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 on mental health and health-related quality of life in university students, especially among female ones.
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Alakija, Pauline, and Jocelyn Lockyer. "Peer and Self-assessment of Professionalism in Undergraduate Medical Students at the University of Calgary." Canadian Medical Education Journal 2, no. 2 (November 22, 2011): e65-e72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36834/cmej.36550.
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Background: Peer and self assessment processes are integral to the development of professional behaviours. The purpose of this study was to assess the Rochester Peer Assessment Tool (RPAT) among a group of volunteer first year students.Methods: We assessed feasibility through participation rates. The evidence for the validity of instrument scores was ascertained through an exploratory factor analysis, MANOVA to determine age and gender differences, and a discrepancy analysis between the self and peer data. Reliability analyses included the Cronbach's alpha analysis and G- and D-studies. Students completed a feedback questionnaire to provide data about acceptability.Results: Self and peer data were collected for 46 and 44 students, respectively. Each student had a mean of 7.2 peer assessments (out of a possible 8). The factor analysis identified two factors, interpersonal skills and work study habits. The discrepancy analysis showed students in the lowest/highest quartiles, as assessed by peers, had higher/lower self means than peer means. The G-coefficient was Ep2 = 0.77. Student feedback was positive.Conclusions: RPAT was feasible in our setting, was acceptable to the students, and has been adopted as a mandatory part of our program for first and second year students. The study added to the evidence base for the reliability and validity of the RPAT instrument scores as a method of assessing professional behaviours.
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Bird, N., G. McCarthy, and K. O’Sullivan. "Exploring the Effectiveness of an Integrated Mixed Martial Arts and Psychotherapy Intervention for Young Men’s Mental Health." American Journal of Men's Health 13, no. 1 (January 2019): 155798831983212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988319832121.
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This research sought to establish the impact of a 10-week program combining mixed martial arts (MMA) and one-to-one psychotherapy on young males’ mental health and determine factors that predict help-seeking behavior in at-risk males. Preparticipation and post-participation interviews were employed as the method of data collection. Seven males (20–35 years; M = 24.57) completed preparticipation interviews and five completed follow-up interviews. Thematic analysis of preparticipation revealed that help-seeking behavior in at-risk males is impeded by the presence of male gender stereotypes, the absence of positive role models, as well as difficulty navigating challenging social landscapes. Post-participation interviews revealed that the sport provided structure and fitness for at-risk males, while the counseling was pivotal for personal growth. Improved relationships, work life, and self-esteem were also observed. The sporting element of the program helped to reduce stigma associated with engaging in psychotherapy, and positive male relationships were noted as particularly impactful. Findings support previous research indicating that combining sports and psychotherapy positively impacts young males’ mental health. Sport provides an acceptable doorway to psychotherapy, providing space to explore personal issues.
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Aman, Aman, Lantip Diat Prasojo, Muhammad Sofwan, Amirul Mukminin, Akhmad Habibi, and Lalu Nurul Yaqin. "Factors Affecting Indonesian Pre-Service Teachers’ Use of m-LMS: A Mix Method Study." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 14, no. 06 (April 17, 2020): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v14i06.12035.
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The purpose of this research is to investigate factors affecting Indonesian pre-service teachers’ (PSTs) teachers’ use of m-learning management systems (m-LMS) in higher education. The difference regarding the use of m-LMS based on some demographic information namely gender, university, year in university, and age are also reported as well as gaining an in-depth understanding of the use of m-LMS in Indonesian universities. To achieve this, two approaches, quantitative and qualitative, were applied. First, we developed and distributed a survey instrument to 210 students teachers based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). In addition, we interviewed 7 of the PSTs to obtain an in-depth understanding of the use of m-learning in their learning. Some statistical calculations were presented such as mean, standard deviation, Cronbach’s alpha, t-test, and ANOVA. Findings suggest that PSTs’ use m-LMS are related to their Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, Subjective norm and attitudes Self-efficacy and supporting condition. From these results, we recommend that teacher educators should target these factors within teacher development programs to prepare PSTs for successful use of m-LMS.
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Bjelica, Artur, and Aleksandra Trninic-Pjevic. "Review of identified factors influencing contraceptive use." Medical review 61, no. 3-4 (2008): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0804151b.
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Introduction It is necessary to know the factors that influence contraceptive behavior in order to overcome obstacles of contraceptive use by implementing modern family planning programs that have to be based on logistic management and directed to the client. The factor isolated till now are systematized into the two groups: the socio-demographic factors - to a greater extent associated with developing countries and the psychological factors -mainly related to developed countries. Socio-demographic f actors of the contraceptive use The most significant socio-demographic determinants of contraceptive behavior appear to be the age, women's educational level but even the educational level of the husband/partner, occupation, environment (urban/rural), some cultural factors, and high price of contraceptives. Psychological variables as a factor of contraceptive (non)use In the group of psychological variables that influence contraceptive use it is possible to distinguish: the presence of illusion of fertility control, locus of control, level of Ego maturity, femininity and masculinity, i.e. the accepted gender roles, level of self-acceptance. The majority of the factors show that the presence of personal initiative and assertiveness are associated with higher level of contraception use.
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Silveira, Jason M. "Perspectives of a Transgender Music Education Student." Journal of Research in Music Education 66, no. 4 (October 4, 2018): 428–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022429418800467.
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The purpose of this study was to present a narrative account of one gender-variant music student and his experiences as a music education major at a small private college. The question guiding this study was as follows: In what ways can one transgender music education student’s lived experiences and identity development inform discourse in the music education community? A semistructured interview protocol was used, with approximately 14 weekly one-on-one meetings with the student. The student was allowed to share his perspectives as a transgender student throughout public school and leading to his decision to major in music education via the interview protocol. Data were coded based on recurring patterns that emerged from the interviews and participant-generated artifacts. Member checks and a peer examiner were used to ensure faithful interpretation of the data. The participant’s family interaction influenced his transgender identity development, his internalized transphobia gave way to self-acceptance, and he eventually took an active role in advocating for fellow transgender individuals. Implications for music teacher preparation programs and professional development are discussed, and future directions for research are recommended.
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Siraj, Mehna, Merin B. Palappillil, Merin Varghese, Megha Manivarnan, Merlin Saiji Alexander, Betsy Varghese, and K. C. Prajitha. "Body image dissatisfaction among medical students in the Southern district of Kerala: a cross-sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 8 (July 27, 2022): 3166. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20222018.
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Background: Body image misconception can lead to behaviors that are detrimental to mental as well as physical health. Body dissatisfaction develops when people have negative thoughts about their body image. In this context, estimating the prevalence of body dissatisfaction would help in providing valuable information about those at risk of developing eating and other psychiatric disorders.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students studying in a tertiary care government health institution in the southern district of Kerala. Data was collected using an online semi-structured questionnaire and was administered to 200 eligible participants. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics for windows (version 25.0. Armonk, NY)Results: Among the 200 participants in the study, 36 (18%) were found to have body image concerns without any significant gender predilection. Dissatisfaction with body image was seen to be more prevalent in those with higher BMI. There was a positive association between body image dissatisfaction and socio-cultural pressure to change body fat levels (p=0.001). It was also found that the tendency to skip meals was more among those with higher body image concerns (p=0.001). Conclusions: The study concluded that about one-fifth of the study participants comprising medical students have moderate to severe body image dissatisfaction without significant gender predilection. Dissatisfaction with body image was seen to be more prevalent in those with higher BMI. The focus should be on initiating educational programs to promote positive body image, and acceptance of self and individual differences while maintaining optimum weight and active lifestyle.
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Thøgersen-Ntoumani, Cecilie, Elizabeth Loughren, Joan Duda, and Kenneth Richard Fox. "Step by Step: The Feasibility of a 16-Week Workplace Lunchtime Walking Intervention for Physically Inactive Employees." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 11, no. 7 (September 2014): 1354–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2012-0243.
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Background:A 16-week lunchtime walking intervention was designed to increase physical activity in physically inactive University employees. The program was delivered and monitored twice over 7 months to examine feasibility across different seasons.Methods:Seventy-five participants (n = 69 females, n = 6 males; mean age = 47.68) were randomly allocated into a Winter (February start) or Spring group (May start). Participants were asked to complete 3 weekday lunchtime walks and 2 weekend walks. Weeks 1 to 10 were led by walk leaders (group phase) while the participants self-organized their walks during weeks 11 to 16 (independent phase). Yamax pedometers recorded daily step counts and walk group leaders recorded participant attendance in the group phase. Acceptability was assessed via a satisfaction survey and 2 focus groups with participants.Results:A participant pool representative by ethnicity, but not gender was recruited using a range of strategies. The program demonstrated good retention across both groups (73%). The intervention was acceptable to participants. More steps were accumulated in the group-led versus the independent phase.Conclusion:The intervention is feasible in this workplace setting across different seasonal periods. In the future, researchers should examine if the findings can be replicated in a definitive trial and generalize to other workplace settings.
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Chandhiok, Nomita, Smita N. Joshi, and Raman Gangakhedkar. "Acceptability of oral and topical HIV chemoprophylaxis in India: implications for at-risk women and men who have sex with men." Sexual Health 11, no. 2 (2014): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh13067.
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With reducing HIV prevalence, India has made gains in containing the epidemic. Yet, unprotected sex and commercial sex work, unprotected anal sex between men and needle sharing among intravenous drug users continue to drive the epidemic. Development of effective, safe and acceptable topical (microbicides) and oral (pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)) chemoprophylaxis could augment the already available tools for HIV prevention. This paper reviews the acceptability of topical microbicides and oral PrEP, in the context of the nature of the HIV epidemic, the sociocultural norms and the acceptability data obtained from studies carried out in India. Overall, men and women have a positive attitude towards the concept and use of microbicide products. Self-perceptions of HIV risk, product attributes, ease and convenience of use during sex, gender norms, the sociocultural context and the potential for undisclosed use were important factors influencing acceptability. A multipurpose product that would simultaneously address women’s contraceptive and disease prevention needs would be devoid of the stigma attached to an anti-HIV product and may be more acceptable. Limited information on the acceptability of oral PrEP amongst high-risk groups merits further research, including carrying out demonstration projects for program introduction.
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Lu, Peih-Ying, Anna Shan Chun Hsu, Alexander Green, and Jer-Chia Tsai. "Medical students’ perceptions of their preparedness to care for LGBT patients in Taiwan: Is medical education keeping up with social progress?" PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 7, 2022): e0270862. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270862.
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Introduction Integrating training on health equity of sexual and gender minorities (SGM) in medical education has been challenging globally despite emphasis on the need for medical students to develop competence to provide adequate care for diverse patient groups. This study elicits Taiwanese medical students’ perceptions of their values and preparedness to care for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, or Transgender (LGBT) patients using a qualitative approach that considers broader societal changes, and more focused topics such as the provision of relevant training in medical education. Methods Eighty-nine medical students/trainees from two southern Taiwanese medical schools (one public and one private) participated in focus groups (n = 70) and individual interviews (n = 19). Qualitative analysis was conducted using inductive thematic analysis. Results Participants (i) expressed wide social acceptance and openness toward LGBT individuals, but were unsure of ways to communicate with LGBT patients; (ii) confirmed that stigmatization and biases might be developed during their training; (iii) recognized gender stereotypes could have negative impacts on clinical reasoning; (iv) considered themselves prepared to care for LGBT patients, yet equated non-discriminatory attitudes to preparedness; (v) acknowledged a lack of relevant professional skills; (vi) implicated curriculum did not address LGBT issues systematically and explicitly. Conclusion This study has identified the insufficiencies of current medical training and inadequate preparedness of medical students/trainees to provide better care for LGBT patients. It provides insights for medical educators to design and implement effective medical curriculum and training, and faculty development programs to equip medical students/trainees with self-awareness and competencies to more readily provide holistic care for SGM, in keeping up with social progress, and promote health equity for a more diverse patient population.
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Fokides, Emmanuel, and Despoina-Melina Kapetangiorgi. "The Use of Computers by Greek Educators. Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Change Anything?" Journal of Information Technology Education: Research 21 (2022): 217–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4975.
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Aim/Purpose: The goal of the study was to investigate whether the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on the educational process also affected the views, attitudes, and intentions of educators regarding the use of computers and their applications both for professional and personal purposes. Background: A model was developed and tested that included the factors present in the Technology Acceptance Model, together with self-efficacy, and the participant’s gender, age group, level of studies, and ICT training. The educators’ views were recorded twice: (i) before the lockdowns and (ii) after the lockdowns. The two resulting models were compared, so as to come to conclusions regarding possible changes. A model was developed and tested that included the factors present in the Technology Acceptance Model, together with self-efficacy, and the participant’s gender, age group, level of studies, and ICT training. The educators’ views were recorded twice: (i) before the lockdowns and (ii) after the lockdowns. The two resulting models were compared, so as to come to conclusions regarding possible changes. Methodology: The target group was Greek educators (i.e., individuals teaching in primary and secondary education). The study was conducted in two stages: (i) at the beginning of the first general lockdown (March 2020), and (ii) at the beginning of the 2021 school year (September 2021), when schools re-opened and resumed their normal operations. The final sample was 1,099 educators. A questionnaire was used having three sections: (i) four demographic questions, (ii) twenty-five items for recording the educators’ views, attitudes, and intentions, and (iii) two questions for recording how many hours per -typical day they use computers for professional and personal purposes. Contribution: The study contributes to the deeper understanding of educators’ views, attitudes, intentions, and actual use of computers and how and to what extent these changed after the period of the multiple lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings: The study’s major findings were: • The lockdowns did not significantly affect the educators’ views, attitudes, and intention to use computers, but resulted in a more extensive use of computers for work than before. • The results oppose the basic assumption of TAM that the behavioral intention to use a technological tool translates into the actual use of this tool. • The perceived usefulness of computers shaped the educators’ behavioral intention to use them. • Computer self-efficacy shaped the attitude of educators toward computers. • After the pandemic, the educators’ age and gender no longer play a role in shaping their views. • The additional ICT training the educators received did not have an effect on any factor. Recommendations for Practitioners: Governments have to equip schools with computers and provide the framework that fosters their use. Strategies and support mechanisms that make educators more confident in the use of ICTs and also provide evidence for their usefulness should be implemented. The above will allow the educators’ behavioral intention to use ICTs to be translated into actual use. Administrators in higher education should consider the inclusion of more ICT-related courses in their undergraduate and postgraduate programs addressed to educators. Changes have to be made to the context and content of the in-service ICT training programs. Recommendation for Researchers: The inclusion of self-efficacy is recommended in future studies involving TAM. As deviations from the original TAM were noted, possible swifts in how educators’ views and intentions are shaped need to be further investigated. Impact on Society: The increased use of computers by educators might lead to a more intense use of ICTs in schools, resulting in an education better aligned with the needs of the digitalized society. Future Research: Comparative studies, targeting educators from other countries, will help to understand how the pandemic affected the educational systems worldwide. Studies are needed for verifying the model’s validity and applicability. Researchers can consider the inclusion of other factors that might have a significant effect. Qualitative data may offer an in-depth understanding of educators’ beliefs. Finally, longitudinal studies can help to understand whether the pandemic had a lasting effect on educators’ intention to use computers.
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Boyarin, Lilia, Natalia Zavatska, Olena Blyskun, and Tetyana Buchko. "Socio-psychological features of young people's sensional orientations and its adaptation to management activity." Теоретичні і прикладні проблеми психології, no. 3(56)T.1 (2021): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33216/2219-2654-2021-56-3-1-70-77.
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The article reveals the socio-psychological features of the meaning of life orientations of young people and their adaptation to management. The results of the study showed that each type of socio-psychological adaptation has its own version of the image of a successful person, adapted to management. Adequacy-inadequacy of these ideas, affective attitude to these ideas, including the degree of their acceptance as part of the meaning of life orientations of young people and their adaptation to management, influence the choice of strategy and tactics of self-realization, can determine success. The pronounced gender differentiation of perceptions of a successful personality in groups of unemployed respondents, which consisted of a negative projection of the image of a successful woman and a positive perception of the image of a successful man, led to a decrease in their adaptive capacity, in contrast to those respondents who did not differentiate women's success in the professional field of management. A deeper understanding of the role and mechanisms of forming a subjective image of success in a number of meaningful life orientations of young people contributed to the development and optimization of adaptation programs, increasing the effectiveness of personality not only in professional activities but also in everyday life. Key words: youth, meaningful life orientations, adaptation, success, managerial activity.
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Hagum, Cathrine Nyhus, and Shaher A. I. Shalfawi. "The Factorial Validity of the Norwegian Version of the Multicomponent Training Distress Scale (MTDS-N)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (October 19, 2020): 7603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207603.
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Background: Athlete self-report measures (ASRM) are methods of athlete monitoring, which have gained considerable popularity in recent years. The Multicomponent Training Distress Scale (MTDS), consisting of 22 items, is a promising self-report measure to assess training distress among athletes. The present study aimed to investigate the factorial validity of the Norwegian version of MTDS (MTDS-N) among student-athletes (n = 632) attending the optional program subject “Top-Level Sports” in upper secondary schools in Norway. Methods: A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to assess the six-factor model proposed by Main and Grove (2009). McDonald’s omega (ω) along with confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate scale reliability. After examining the fit of the CFA model in the total sample, covariates were included to investigate group differences in latent variables of MTDS-N, resulting in the multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) model. Further, direct paths between the covariates and the factor indicators were included in an extended MIMIC model to investigate whether responses to items differed between groups, resulting in differential item functioning (DIF). Results: When modification indices (MIs) were taken into consideration, the alternative CFA model revealed that MTDS-N is an acceptable psychometric tool with a good fit index. The factors in MTDS-N all constituted high scale reliability with McDonald’s ω ranging from 0.725–0.862. The results indicated statistically significant group differences in factor scores for gender, type of sport, hours of training per week, school program, and school level. Further, results showed that DIF occurred in 13 of the MTDS-N items. However, after assessing the MIMIC model and the extended MIMIC model, the factor structure remained unchanged, and the model fit remained within acceptable values. The student-athletes’ reports of training distress were moderate. Conclusion: The MTDS-N was found to be suitable for use in a Norwegian population to assess student-athletes’ training distress in a reliable manner. The indications of group effects suggest that caution should be used if one is interested in making group comparisons when the MTDS-N is used among student-athletes in Norway until further research is conducted.