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Journal articles on the topic 'Gender and poverty'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Millar, Jane, and Caroline Glendinning. "Gender and Poverty." Journal of Social Policy 18, no. 3 (July 1989): 363–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004727940001761x.

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ABSTRACTA recent edition of this Journal (Volume 16, Part 2, April 1987) was devoted to a number of articles on the definition and measurement of poverty. Surprisingly, perhaps, this did not include any specific discussion of gender differences in the causes, extent and experience of poverty. But such gender differences do exist, though they are often obscured by much research on poverty. Our initial response to the special edition on poverty was to write a reply discussing how the various contributors had ignored the issue of gender. But women cannot simply be ‘added in’ to existing analyses; instead a different analytic framework is required. This article therefore begins by looking at some of the widespread evidence of the economic disadvantage of women compared with men. We then go on to discuss why it is necessary to focus on the gender dimensions of poverty. We argue that this involves far more than simply disaggregating data to produce statistics about the situation of women. Rather, this focus leads us to explore the structural causes of women's poverty and the gendered processes in the labour market, welfare systems and domestic household which interact to create and maintain that disadvantage. In the final section we consider some of the important conceptual and methodological issues which must be tackled if we are to find ways to investigate and measure poverty which are not gender-blind.

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2

Falkingham, Jane, and Angela Baschieri. "Gender and Poverty." Global Social Policy: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Public Policy and Social Development 9, no. 1 (April 2009): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468018108100397.

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3

Andersen, John, and Jørgen Elm Larsen. "Gender, poverty and empowerment." Critical Social Policy 18, no. 55 (May 1998): 241–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026101839801805507.

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4

Stephens, Alexandra. "Poverty and Gender Issues." Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development 1, no. 1 (July 1991): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1018529119910104.

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5

Bibi, Sami, and Rim Chatti. "Gender Poverty in Tunisia." Middle East Development Journal 2, no. 2 (January 2010): 283–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793812010000265.

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6

Ramos, Minerva E., Damian-Emilio Gibaja-Romero, and Susana A. Ochoa. "Gender inequality and gender-based poverty in Mexico." Heliyon 6, no. 1 (January 2020): e03322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03322.

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7

Millar, Jane. "Gender, Poverty and Social Exclusion." Social Policy and Society 2, no. 3 (June 25, 2003): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746403001246.

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This article discusses some of the problems involved in trying to develop gender-sensitive ways of measuring poverty. It argues that what is needed is a way of placing individuals within households and measuring both their contribution to the resources of that household and the extent of their dependence on the resources of others within the household. It is argued that this should involve examining sources as well as levels of income, and by adopting an approach that is dynamic, rather than static. The concept of social exclusion – multi-dimensional, dynamic, local and relational – could provide a way to explore these issues of autonomy and dependency, and their gender dimensions.

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8

Shaffer, Paul. "Poverty Naturalized: Implications for Gender." Feminist Economics 8, no. 3 (January 2002): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1354570022000026896.

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9

Ojukutu-Macauley, Sylvia. "Gender, Development and Poverty (review)." Africa Today 51, no. 3 (2005): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/at.2005.0028.

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10

Heyzer, Noeleen. "Gender, economic growth, and poverty." Gender & Development 1, no. 3 (October 1993): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09682869308519977.

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11

Mumtaz, Khawar. "Gender and Poverty in Pakistan." Development 50, no. 2 (May 21, 2007): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.development.1100369.

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12

Jackson, Cecile. "Post Poverty, Gender and Development?" IDS Bulletin 28, no. 3 (July 1997): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.1997.mp28003012.x.

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13

Park, Yhesaem, and Almas Heshmati. "The Effects of Labor Market Characteristics on Women’s Poverty in Korea." Economies 7, no. 4 (November 5, 2019): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies7040110.

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Background: Poverty in Korea is not gender neutral. Both male headed and female headed households experience poverty in distinct ways. This research discusses poverty and how it has evolved in Korea from a gender perspective. Methods: It describes the characteristics of poverty among the working population based on gender and other household attributes. It measures poverty relative to the mean and median incomes of the population in three ways: headcount, poverty gap, and poverty severity. The study uses the probit model to estimate the incidence of poverty and the Heckman sample selection model to analyze poverty’s gap and severity. Our empirical results are based on an unbalanced household level panel covering the period 2006–2016. Results: Our results indicate that multiple factors including issues related to the labor market and demographic characteristics contribute to women’s poverty. Within the working population, women are less likely to be poor than men because they share their partners’ incomes. However, single female workers with children are the poorest demographic group. Conclusion: “Part-time jobs” are a critical factor in determining women’s poverty status, while “work years” and “the quality of occupation” have a crucial impact on the incidence and severity of poverty.

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14

Butler, Barbara Y. "Food, Gender, and Poverty In the Ecuadorian Andes:Food, Gender, and Poverty In the Ecuadorian Andes." Latin American Anthropology Review 1, no. 2 (December 1989): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jlat.1989.1.2.69.

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15

Jayamohan, M. K., and Amenu Temesgen Kitesa. "Gender and poverty – an analysis of urban poverty in Ethiopia." Development Studies Research 1, no. 1 (January 2014): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21665095.2014.917053.

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16

Charity Gomo, Paramaiah Ch, Nthabeleng Joyce Sakoane, R. Machema,. "GENDER AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN LESOTHO." Psychology and Education Journal 57, no. 9 (January 20, 2021): 6522–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v57i9.3352.

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This study applies the Alkire & Foster (2011) approach to estimate gender gaps in multidimensional poverty in Lesotho using 2016 population and housing census dataset. Results show that when using three-dimensions; education, health and living-standards, gender-gaps observed in multidimensional poverty are above 20% in all age groups except for adults implying that females are more vulnerable compared to males. However; when adding the fourth dimension, economic activity that captures employment status leads to larger estimates of male poverty than female. We conclude that overall, poverty seems to be feminized in Lesotho and on average the rural population suffers more from deprivation in all the indicators considered. Two strong policy implications arise from our findings i.e. reduction of the rural-urban poverty gap and gender gap. It is recommended that some serious protective measures to combat poverty should be taken in rural areas to address equality issues to comprehend the Sustainable Development Goals.

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17

Denisova, Irina, and Marina Kartseva. "Gender poverty gap in Russia: absolute vs. multidimensional concepts." Woman in russian society, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 138–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21064/winrs.2020.2.12.

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Poverty is rather high in contemporary Russia: every eighth Russian was poor according to the official statistics in 2018. Fighting poverty is among the top strategic development goals for the period till 2024. The paper studies gender disparities in poverty among Russian adults. Better understanding of gender structure of poverty in Russia would facilitate poverty reduction via better targeting and better tailoring of policy instruments. We utilize micro data of the Survey of income and social program participation by Rosstat as of 2017 for our statistical analysis. Two alternative poverty concepts are used: absolute income poverty (the official methodology of poverty measurement in Russia) and poverty risk and social exclusion index (the key component of poverty monitoring indicator in the EU). The latter index is a composition of relative poverty and deprivation poverty measures. Our results indicate that, on average, there is no gender poverty gap in Russia when absolute poverty concept is used: poverty rates among males and females are the same on average. Hence, we find no statistical support to the widely used by the media thesis of poverty feminization in Russia. Absolute poverty rate, however, is found to vary significantly across different gender-age groups: absolute income poverty among females is higher than among males in young and senior ages, while males are poorer in mid-age groups. When multiple criteria definition of poverty and social exclusion (AROPE) is applied, we find clear signs of feminization of poverty in Russia. Multidimensional poverty is much higher among females, and this is observed in all age groups. The highest gender poverty gap is observed in senior ages. The age-gender poverty structure changes dramatically when we move from absolute poverty concept to the multidimensional one: we observe higher share of females in poverty, and higher share of senior people in poverty. The key determinants of higher multidimensional poverty of females is their relatively (to males) lower wages, and relatively lower pensions.

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18

Bárcena-Martín, Elena, and Ana I. Moro-Egido. "Gender and Poverty Risk in Europe." Feminist Economics 19, no. 2 (April 2013): 69–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2013.771815.

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19

Arriagada, Irma. "Dimensions of poverty and gender policies." CEPAL Review 2005, no. 85 (July 31, 2005): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/3f4f7065-en.

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20

Razavi, Shahra. "Seeing Poverty through a Gender Lens." International Social Science Journal 51, no. 162 (December 1999): 473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2451.00218.

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21

Pande, Rekha. "Gender, Poverty and Globalization in India." Development 50, no. 2 (May 21, 2007): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.development.1100367.

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22

Buvinic, Mayra, Monica Das Gupta, and Ursula Casabonne. "Gender, Poverty and Demography: An Overview." World Bank Economic Review 23, no. 3 (January 1, 2009): 347–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhp013.

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23

Jackson, Cecile. "Rescuing gender from the poverty trap." World Development 24, no. 3 (March 1996): 489–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(95)00150-b.

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24

Hanim, Wasifah, and Tria Apriliana. "How Important Gender Inequality in Education on Poverty Reduction? Indonesian Case." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 02 (February 12, 2020): 3288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i2/pr200639.

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25

Siddique, Muhammmad, and Misbah Nosheen. "Gender Poverty Gap: A Comparative analysis of India and Pakistan." Review of Economics and Development Studies 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/reads.v7i2.364.

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This paper attempts to estimate gender poverty gap in Pakistan using multidimensional poverty approach and compares it with India. Pakistan data have been used to compute multidimensional poverty. Findings of the paper suggest that there is gender poverty gap in Pakistan. Both India and Pakistan are suffering from poverty. Head count poverty is high in both countries but India has managed to lift more people out of multidimensional poverty. The paper recommends to design targeted oriented policies reduce gender poverty.

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26

Awumbila, Mariama. "Gender equality and poverty in Ghana: implications for poverty reduction strategies." GeoJournal 67, no. 2 (February 14, 2007): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10708-007-9042-7.

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27

Popova, Daria. "The impact of the gender composition of households on inequality and poverty: a comparison across Russia and Eastern Europe." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 35, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 395–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-067x(02)00031-4.

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This study compares poverty and income distribution among gender subgroups in Russia and four East European countries—Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary and Poland—in 2000. Does the gender poverty gap exist in these countries and if yes, how big is it? How much does the level of gender inequality contribute to explaining the level of aggregate inequality and poverty within each country? To what extent may the differences emerging in cross-country comparisons of poverty and inequality be explained by differences in the gender composition of households, e.g., the prevalence of female-dominated households? These are the questions I seek to answer in this paper.Equivalent expenditure is adopted as a measure of economic welfare of households with different gender ratios. The gender gap is defined as the degree of distance between the economic welfare of households dominated by women and households dominated by men. Headcount poverty and average poverty shortfalls are calculated using relative poverty lines. Inequality is measured by Gini and Theil L coefficients.

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28

Visalakshmi, S., Sumathi G.N, and Rohitanshu Kar. "Feminisation of Poverty in India." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.10 (October 2, 2018): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.10.20899.

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The purpose of the paper is to explore link between the phenomenon of feminization of poverty and the social factors affecting it. The analysis used the existing data and the assertions have been made based on conceptual grounds. This paper highlights the gender dimension of poverty, which results in increasing proportions of the female poor in the country. Gender-based hardships and segregations are adding up to poverty-related vulnerabilities. The collaborative result of gender and indigence were ascertained by analysing women’s demographics, educational and employment conditions.

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29

T. Sri Kumar, T. Sri Kumar, and M. C. Rao M.C. Rao. "Impact of Energy Poverty on Women by Addressing Gender and Energy Issues." Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, no. 8 (June 15, 2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/august2014/210.

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30

Perkins, Kathleen. "Recycling Poverty:." Journal of Women & Aging 5, no. 1 (June 30, 1993): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j074v05n01_02.

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31

Mitra, Koumari, and Gail R. Pool. "Why women stay poor: An examination of urban poverty in India." Social Change 30, no. 1-2 (March 2000): 153–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004908570003000211.

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In this paper the relationship of women to poverty in urban areas is explored and the need to understand the gender dimension of poverty in a specific cultural context is emphasised. In recent years there has been an increasing trend to incorporate the gender dimension in the analysis of poverty. The féminisation of poverty is a term used to describe the overwhelming representation of women among the poor. The present study examines the gender bias of poverty which underlies the social and economic subordination of women and the effects of gender on access to basic amenities such as education, health care and labour force participation. The 1996 World Bank publication, Poverty Reduction and the World Bank, identified three components to urban poverty: 1) provision of basic services such as water, sanitation, drainage and roads; 2) taking action on the top threats to health (lead, dust and microbial diseases); 3) making municipal finance more businesslike and inclusive. While these are commendable objectives, the problems of urban poverty for women can be examined in a qualitative way from the point view of how these goals are absorbed into the social and cultural surroundings of the urban poor. Why women are more vulnerable to poverty will be considered here and how the causes and experience of poverty differ by gender are determined, followed by some remarks on how to alleviate women's poverty.

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32

Ayala-Alfonso, Dahiana. "Feminization of Poverty: Mainstreaming gender to understand the multidimensionality of poverty. 2015." Población y Desarrollo 21, no. 41 (December 30, 2015): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18004/pdfce/2076-054x/2015.021(41)017-028.

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33

Sakamoto, Arthur. "Gender Differentials in Poverty-Mortality Well-Being." Sociological Perspectives 33, no. 4 (December 1990): 429–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389165.

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34

OSAWA, Mari. "Gender-biased Redistribution Aggravates Poverty in Japan." TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES 15, no. 9 (2010): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5363/tits.15.9_52.

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35

Xiaoyun, Li, Dong Qiang, Liu Xiaoqian, and Wu Jie. "Gender Inequality and Poverty in Asset Ownership." Chinese Sociology & Anthropology 40, no. 4 (July 2008): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/csa0009-4625400404.

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36

Qiang, Dong, Li Xiaoyun, Yang Hongping, and Zhang Keyun. "Gender Inequality in Rural Education and Poverty." Chinese Sociology & Anthropology 40, no. 4 (July 2008): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/csa0009-4625400405.

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37

Bastos, Amélia, Sara F. Casaca, Francisco Nunes, and José Pereirinha. "Women and poverty: A gender-sensitive approach." Journal of Socio-Economics 38, no. 5 (October 2009): 764–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2009.03.008.

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38

Elmelech, Yuval, and Hsien-Hen Lu. "Race, ethnicity, and the gender poverty gap." Social Science Research 33, no. 1 (March 2004): 158–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0049-089x(03)00044-9.

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39

Prettner, Klaus, and Holger Strulik. "Gender equity and the escape from poverty." Oxford Economic Papers 69, no. 1 (September 4, 2016): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpw043.

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40

Evans, Susan. "Beyond gender: Class, poverty and domestic violence." Australian Social Work 58, no. 1 (March 2005): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0312-407x.2005.00182.x.

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41

Allen, Ann Taylor. "Gender and Poverty in Nineteenth-Century Europe." Central European History 40, no. 3 (August 20, 2007): 546–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938907000866.

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42

Jensen, An-Magritt. "Poverty, Gender and Fertility in Rural Kenya." Forum for Development Studies 42, no. 2 (March 26, 2015): 311–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2015.1025827.

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43

Baruah, Bipasha. "Monitoring progress towards gender-equitable poverty alleviation." Progress in Development Studies 9, no. 3 (July 2009): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146499340800900301.

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44

Piggott, Linda. "Surviving Domestic Violence: Gender Poverty and Agency." Child & Family Social Work 12, no. 2 (May 2007): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2007.00485.x.

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45

Williamson, Lori. "Gender and Poverty in Nineteenth-Century Europe." History: Reviews of New Books 34, no. 3 (March 2006): 94–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2006.10526886.

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46

Christopher, Karen, Paula England, Timothy M. Smeeding, and Katherin Ross Phillips. "The Gender Gap in Poverty in Modern Nations: Single Motherhood, the Market, and the State." Sociological Perspectives 45, no. 3 (September 2002): 219–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sop.2002.45.3.219.

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In this article we examine gender gaps in poverty in the United States and seven other Western nations, asking how single motherhood, market earnings, and welfare states affect gender inequality in poverty. Our analyses speak to the theoretical literature emphasizing the gendered logic and effects of welfare states and labor markets. We find that single-mother families have higher poverty rates than other families in all nations except Sweden, though the degree of their poverty varies. Regarding welfare states, we find that the tax and transfer systems in Sweden and the Netherlands most effectively reduce gender inequality in poverty. Gender inequality in market earnings is worst in the Netherlands and Australia, though among full-time workers, Australia has the lowest gender gap. We conclude by discussing the policy issues raised by our findings.

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47

Clancy, Joy, Fareeha Ummar, Indira Shakya, and Govind Kelkar. "Appropriate gender-analysis tools for unpacking the gender-energy-poverty nexus." Gender & Development 15, no. 2 (July 2007): 241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13552070701391102.

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48

Najam-us-saqib, Najam-us-saqib, and G. M. Arif. "Time Poverty, Work Status and Gender: The Case of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 51, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v51i1pp.23-46.

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The present study measures time poverty and its incidence across gender, occupational groups, industries, regions, and income levels using Time Use Survey (TUS) 2007, the first nationwide time use survey for Pakistan. In the entire TUS sample, the incidence of time poverty is 14 percent. Women are found to be more time poor than men whether employed or not. This is because of certain women-specific activities that they have to perform irrespective of their employment status. Working women are far more time poor than those not working.. Women accepting a job have to make a major trade-off between time poverty and monetary poverty. People working in professions and industries that generally require extended work hours and offer low wage rates are more time poor. This entails a situation of double jeopardy for workers who tend to be money and time poor at the same time. The close association of time poverty with low income found in this study corroborates this conclusion. Government can help reduce time poverty by enforcing minimum wage laws and mandatory ceiling on work hours in industries with high concentration of time poverty. Eradication of monetary poverty can also eliminate the need to work long hours at low wages just to survive. A fair distribution of responsibilities between men and women.is also needed. Keywords: Time Poverty, Gender Disparities, Time Use, SNA Activities, Time Use Survey, Pakistan

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49

Denny, Patricia A. "Women and Poverty." Women & Therapy 5, no. 4 (February 26, 1987): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j015v05n04_07.

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50

Melo, Cassandra Lauren. "The Feminization of Poverty." Witness: The Canadian Journal of Critical Nursing Discourse 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2291-5796.6.

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Poverty among women and girls remains a prevalent social justice and health issue that stunts the life potential and freedom of females throughout the globe. Through referencing four published articles, this text explores the incidence of poverty among women and girls due to gender discrimination, sexist ideologies and practices, and oppression on the basis of gender. Due to the presence of mechanisms that disproportionately generate poverty among females, many girls and women are automatically confined to a life that uniquely strips them of their inherent rights to dictate their future, and are instead forced into a life of perpetual suffering, violence, social exclusion, and ultimately, impoverishment. Examining this issue from a feminist lens is imperative in understanding the inner complexities of how women and girls in different areas of the world experience disadvantages on the basis of gender, especially from a social, political, cultural, and economic perspective. This can allow healthcare providers, such as nurses, to be able to examine such issues from a critical thinking lens, and become increasingly politically active and involved in female advocacy efforts and policy reform. Through nurses becoming increasingly involved in such efforts, dramatic positive change in the lives of women and girls throughout the globe can occur.

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