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1

Fall, Papis. "Les déportés de la Sénégambie et du Soudan : entre résistances et répressions dans un espace colonial de 1840 à 1946." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL074.

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La problématique de la déportation ou des déportés d’Afrique de l’Ouest, durant l’ère coloniale, n’est pas assez prise en charge par l’historiographie africaine d’expression française et même anglaise qui s'est davantage appesantie plus sur les guerres, les résistances et leurs différentes formes. Ce faisant, une réalité d’un pan de l’histoire coloniale reste plus ou moins méconnue. C'est pourquoi nous voudrions étudier le thème suivant, qui a été et demeure d’une actualité brûlante: « Les déportés de la Sénégambie et du Soudan : entre résistances et répressions dans un espace colonial de 1840 à 1946 ». Les acteurs de cette histoire des déportés sont des figures emblématiques et/ou de simples anonymes, qui ont voulu défendre la terre de leurs ancêtres, diriger les destinées de leurs peuples, lutter pour le maintien des valeurs et des traditions africaines. L’histoire de « ces soldats du refus » – à savoir les chefs religieux, les combattants au service de l’islam et des valeurs ou croyances ancestrales et les chefs politiques auxquels s’ajoutent les aliénés mentaux, les bandits sociaux et délinquants, les hommes de presse, les partisans et/ou disciples des chefs et même les tirailleurs sénégalais – mérite d’être examinée. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans les questionnements d’une histoire coloniale attentive aux enjeux de la répression et du maintien de l’ordre. Face au refus manifeste des meneurs de troupes ou créateurs d’émotions de se résigner au diktat colonial, la réponse donnée par les autorités coloniales était, entre autres, de les déporter/emprisonner, les assigner en résidence surveillée, leur interdire de séjour, pour leur couper toute forme de communication, tout contact avec leur entourage et les mettre ainsi hors d’état de nuire. Dans de nombreux cas, il s'agissait d'une forme d'emprisonnement, ce qui nous conduit à l'étude du milieu carcéral qui dévoile les formes d’évitement, les conditions de vie des déportés, l’architecture liée aux questions sécuritaires, etc. L’application de cette technique de répression, entrant dans la logique des politiques de sécurité, était une manière de freiner l’élan des chefs et d’anéantir toutes les résistances coloniales. L'étude que nous souhaitons conduire vise surtout à cerner la place déterminante de la déportation dans le dispositif de répression coloniale, dans le maintien de l’ordre sécuritaire, de mainmise politique, de contrôle des hommes et des espaces, pour l’exploitation des colonies. La trame chronologique que ce travail tente d’éclairer va de 1840 à 1946, une période charnière de l’histoire coloniale en Afrique de l’Ouest, particulièrement en Sénégambie et au Soudan, en ce sens qu’elle est marquée par des transformations rapides à tous les niveaux (politique, économique, social et culturel). La déportation était-elle si fondamentale, si nécessaire pour la réalisation du projet colonial, le maintien de l’ordre sécuritaire ? Dans quelle mesure les déportés constituaient-ils un réel obstacle, une entrave à l’implantation et à l’imposition du pouvoir colonial ? Quel a été le rôle des acteurs de l’ordre dans le processus de déportation ? Cette thèse explore des thématiques majeures telles que les contextes de déportation, les abus de pouvoir des administrateurs coloniaux, l’Indigénat et la justice indigène, les motivations de la déportation, les multiples réponses des indigènes, leur arrestation et déportation, la place des agents/acteurs (armée, gendarmerie et police coloniales) dans le maintien, le rétablissement et/ou la protection de la stabilité et les conséquences politico-économiques d’une telle « technique de pouvoir»
The problem of deportation or deportees from West Africa during the colonial era is not sufficiently addressed by French- and even English-speaking African historiography, which has focused more on wars, resistances and their different forms. In doing so, a reality of a part of colonial history remains more or less unknown. That is why we would like to study the following theme, which has been and remains of burning topicality: "The deportees of Senegambia and Sudan: between resistance and repression in a colonial space from 1840 to 1946". The actors in this story of the deportees are emblematic figures and/or simple anonymous, who wanted to defend the land of their ancestors, direct the destinies of their peoples, fight for the maintenance of African values and traditions. The history of "these soldiers of refusal" – namely religious leaders, fighters in the service of Islam and ancestral values or beliefs and political leaders to which are added the mentally insane, social bandits and delinquents, men of the press, supporters and/or followers of leaders and even Senegalese riflemen – deserves to be examined. This thesis is part of the questions of a colonial history attentive to the issues of repression and the maintenance of order. Faced with the manifest refusal of the leaders of troops or creators of emotions to resign themselves to the colonial diktat, the response given by the colonial authorities was, among other things, to deport/imprison them, to house arrest, to prohibit them from staying, to cut them off all forms of communication, any contact with their entourage and thus put them out of harm's way. In many cases, it was a form of imprisonment, which leads us to the study of the prison environment that reveals the forms of avoidance, the living conditions of the deportees, the architecture related to security issues, etc. The application of this technique of repression, part of the logic of security policies, was a way of slowing down the momentum of the leaders and annihilating all colonial resistance. The study we wish to conduct aims above all to identify the decisive place of deportation in the system of colonial repression, in the maintenance of security order, political control, control of people and spaces, for the exploitation of colonies. The chronological framework that this work attempts to illuminate goes from 1840 to 1946, a pivotal period in colonial history in West Africa, particularly in Senegambia and Sudan, in that it is marked by rapid transformations at all levels (political, economic, social and cultural). Was deportation so fundamental, so necessary for the realization of the colonial project, the maintenance of security order? To what extent did the deportees constitute a real obstacle, an obstacle to the establishment and imposition of colonial power? What was the role of law enforcement actors in the deportation process? This thesis explores major themes such as the contexts of deportation, the abuse of power by colonial administrators, indigénat and indigenous justice, the motivations of deportation, the multiple responses of indigenous people, their arrest and deportation, the place of agents/actors (army, gendarmerie and colonial police) in maintaining, restoring and/or protecting stability and the politico-economic consequences of such a "technique of power"
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2

Jourdan, Julien. "Gendarmerie et pratiques judiciaires." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX32000.

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Acteur incontournable de la sécurité des français, la gendarmerie nationale est une force de police étatique qui assure la sécurité publique de notre pays depuis plusieurs siècles. Cependant cette force de sécurité n’est pas seule à tenir ce rôle, car d’autres acteurs oeuvrent également dans ce domaine. Si différents textes régissent l’organisation de ces différentes forces de sécurité, leur cadre d’action répressif n’est régi que par un seul code : le Code de procédure pénale, qui définit strictement les possibilités d’investigations et les pouvoirs coercitifs de ces acteurs, tout en garantissant le respect des libertés individuelles. Dès lors, si un seul code régit le droit commun, on peut s’étonner de voir évoquer la spécificité d’un des acteurs, la gendarmerie, dans le domaine judiciaire. L’objet de cette étude est précisément d’établir que tout en respectant les dispositions du Code de procédure pénale, la gendarmerie, en raison de la particularité de son statut militaire, et son implantation territoriale dispose d’une pratique judiciaire qui lui est propre. Ainsi, la gendarmerie pratique sa mission de police judiciaire différemment des autres acteurs répressifs. Cette particularité enrichit la pluralité policière, et renforce l’autonomie de la justice, tout en contribuant à la séparation des pouvoirs. La spécificité de la gendarmerie s’inscrit donc dans un système policier dual, et résulte de sa militarité. Pour comprendre la militarité de la gendarmerie, et son importance au niveau judiciaire, il faut donc connaître son histoire, savoir que son développement s’est fait en tenant compte des vastes territoires sur lesquelles elle assure la sécurité publique, décrire son application des méthodes militaires à ses missions de police. Tout ceci permet alors de mieux appréhender la pratique judiciaire de la gendarmerie, tout en s’efforçant de la mettre en perspective avec le système policier dual, qui évolue désormais au sein d’un ministère unique de la sécurité intérieure
Inescapable actor of the safety of the French people, the National Gendarmerie is a state police force which insures the law and order of our country for several centuries. However this strength of safety is not alone to hold this role, because the other actors also work in this domain. If various texts govern the organization of these various strengths of safety, their repressive frame of action is governed only by a single code: the Code of criminal procedure, which defines strictly the possibilities of investigations and the coercive powers of these actors, while guaranteeing the respect for the personal freedoms. From then on, if a single code governs the common law, we can wonder to see evoking the specificity of one of the actors, the gendarmerie, in the judicial domain. The object of this study is exactly to establish that while respecting the measures of the Code of criminal procedure, the gendarmerie, because of the peculiarity of its military status, and its territorial presence has a judicial practice which is appropriate for her. So, the gendarmerie practises its mission of Criminal Investigation Department differently from the other repressive actors. This peculiarity enriches the police plurality, and strengthens the autonomy of the justice, while contributing to the separation of the powers. The specificity of the gendarmerie thus joins in a dual police system, and results from its militarité. To understand the militarity of the gendarmerie, and its importance for the judicial level, it is thus necessary to know its history, knowledge that its development was made by taking into account vast territories on which she insures the law and order, to describe her application of the military methods in her missions of police. All this allows then to arrest better the judicial practice of the gendarmerie, while trying hard to put her in perspective with the dual police system, which evolves henceforth within a unique ministry of the internal safety
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3

Escoffier, Lionel. "Les missions de police de la gendarmerie nationale." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE0038.

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Plongeant de profondes racines dans le passé, la gendarmerie se trouve intimement melée à l'histoire. Héritiere des compagnies de la marechaussée, ses lettres de noblesse remontent au moyen age. Organisée en brigades depuis 1720, elle a été marquée de facon essentielle par la revolution avec la loi de germinal an vi et par Napoléon qui ont organise son service selon des principes toujours d'actualité. Le decret-organique du 20 mai 1903 demeure de nos jours l'epine dorsale de l'organisation et du fonctionnement de la gendarmerie. Service public à vocation interministerielle, elle participe de la facon la plus active au maintien de la paix publique dont elle assure une mission de police administrative ou elle joue un role prépondérant en matière de prevention, de protection, d'education, de renseignement et de dissuasion. L'execution de cette mission occupe plus de la moitié de l'activité annuelle de la gendarmerie. La gendarmerie se trouve être egalement un auxiliaire de justice. à ce titre, il lui a été confié une mission de police judiciaire et participe à la recherche des auteurs d'infractions en vue de les présenter aux magistrats ou aux juges bien que ne représentant qu'environ 40% de son activité, cette mission est certes des plus intéressante mais aussi celle que les gendarmes apprécient à avoir à executer. Force militaire, la gendarmerie joue un role important sous l'autorité du ministre de la défense dans la securite du pays. En effet, si elle n'a pas vocation à guerroyer, c'est a elle qu'incombe la sûreté interieure du pays. Les autorités lui ont confié la defense operationnelle du territoire. D'un autre coté, la gendarmerie est toujours présente a l'arrière des troupes francaises présentes dans des pays etrangers. Moderne et humaine, cette arme au service de l'habitant ne peut se transformer, mais elle doit evoluer afin de résoudre les problèmes nouveaux qui lui sont posés, pour s'adapter aux exigences du monde d'aujourd'hui mais surtout de lui permettre de débuter le 3eme millenaire au mieux de ses capacités et de ses possibilités. La plus vieille institution française reste toujours de nos jours, le corps le plus utile a la nation
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4

Matelly, Jean-Hugues. "Gendarmerie et police judiciaire criminelle : l'enquêteur face à l'organisation." Toulouse 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU10030.

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La gendarmerie, institution militaire, se caractérise par une organisation hiérarchique pyramidale appliquée à un découpage territorial et non fonctionnel. Dans le domaine de la police judiciaire (PJ), ce modèle d'organisation génère des tensions internes. Le système judiciaire et policier se focalise sur quelques affaires prioritaires, en raison de leur médiatisation. Le crime est ainsi le fait stigmatisé en direct par l'opinion publique. Pour la gendarmerie, importe surtout une PJ criminelle apte à répondre à cet émoi public. À cette fin, une spécialisation plus affichée que réelle semble suffire. En matière de délinquance de masse, pour fournir des résultats correspondant aux attentes des autorités, les gendarmes savent depuis longtemps jouer sur les statistiques. Pourtant, les enquêteurs se disent passionnés par leur métier, passion sous-employée du fait d'une gestion des ressources humaines qui reconnaît fort peu les compétences. Ils estiment nécessaire une véritable spécialisation de la PJ. Ces attentes se heurtent à la rigidité d'une organisation bureaucratique généraliste qui voit toute spécialisation comme une menace ou une immixtion d'experts dans les attributions souveraines du chef militaire. Cette résistance est la traduction de conflits, en particulier entre officiers issus des grandes écoles militaires et officiers issus de la gendarmerie. Pour les premiers, qui monopolisent les postes stratégiques, la création d'une branche spécialisée favoriserait le développement d'un autre pouvoir, détenu par les officiers praticiens qui, eux, maîtrisent la matière judiciaire et pourraient utiliser la PJ criminelle, médiatiquement porteuse, pour accroître leur influence
The gendarmerie, a military force, is distinguished by a pyramidal hierarchical organization applied to a territorial and non-functional division. In the field of criminal investigation (CI), this model generates internal tensions. The judicial and police system is focused on some priority cases, due to their media coverage. Crime is thus the fact stigmatised in live by the public opinion. For the gendarmerie, matters mostly a criminal investigation department fit to answer this public commotion. To this end, a specialization more displayed than real seems to be enough. As regards as mass delinquency, in order to give results corresponding to the expectations of the authorities, the gendarmes know for a long time how to play with statistics. However, the investigators say they are fascinated with their job, a passion that is underemployed due to human resources management, which doesn't acknowledge much skills. They consider a real specialization of CI is necessary. Those expectations come up against the inflexibility of a general bureaucratic organization, which considers every specialization as a threat or a meddling of experts in the sovereign prerogatives of the military chief. This resistance is the expression of conflicts, particularly between officers from high military schools and officers from gendarmerie. For the first ones, who monopolize the strategic positions, the creation of a specialized division would further the development of an other power, owned by the expert officers who master the judicial field and could use the criminal investigation, favoured by medias, to increase their influence
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Soylemez, Kadir. "A qualitative analysis of the Turkish Gendarmerie assignment process." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FSoylemez.pdf.

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6

Hingkanonta, Lalita. "The police in colonial Burma." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2013. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/17360/.

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Demangeon, Romain. "Les concours de police." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0009.

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Par concours de police, il faut entendre articulation des rapports entre les différentes polices qui peuvent exister en France. Ainsi, l’objet de mes recherches se subdivise-t-il en deux parties. La première porte sur l’étude des concours fonctionnels de police alors que la seconde est consacrée aux concours organiques. L’analyse des concours fonctionnels de police examine les différentes façons de régler une éventuelle concurrence entre plusieurs polices administratives – générales et/ou spéciales. Cette approche entraine ainsi nécessairement un examen des autorités de police administrative chargées de prendre de telles mesures de police. Ce travail nous a permis de constater une grande prise en compte des hypothèses de concours par la jurisprudence avec, néanmoins, parfois, des incertitudes résultant, notamment, de l’évolution de la société et du vieillissement de certaines décisions pourtant toujours en vigueur. Les concours organiques nécessitent, quant à eux, que l’on se livre à un exposé sur l’articulation des rapports entre les différentes forces de police françaises – tant locales ou que nationales. En d’autres termes, cela implique de prendre en compte la police et la gendarmerie nationales ainsi que les polices municipales et intercommunales. Il nous a ainsi semblé opportun d’envisager les différentes possibilités données au législateur et à la jurisprudence pour tenter de prévenir tout risque de concours. L’objectif étant, in fine, d’assurer le plus efficacement possible la sécurité publique sur l’ensemble du territoire national
The subject handles competitions of police on a functional and material drawing. Our work aims at studying the competitive relationships between the various measures of administrative polices – dress and special – and between the national police forces – police nationale and gendarmerie nationale – and local forces
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8

Sait, Aziz. "Les prévôtés, de « la drôle de guerre » à « l'étrange défaite » (1939-1940). Personnels, missions, représentations." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040240.

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Dès le déclenchement de la mobilisation générale, le 2 septembre 1939, des centaines de détachements prévôtaux sont affectés aux unités françaises et aux armées alliées. Ils sont chargés, pendant les dix mois de la campagne de 1939-1940, du maintien de l’ordre sur les deux fronts métropolitains de la zone des armées : le Nord-Est et le front des Alpes. Incluse dans le système de contrainte qui pèse sur les cinq millions de mobilisés français, la gendarmerie prévôtale est appelée à remplir plusieurs missions. Elle traque les réfractaires à la mobilisation en lutant contre la désertion, les absences illégales et les violences des militaires. Elle assure également la gestion des prisons militaires tout en effectuant les transfèrements de détenus. Comme auxiliaire du commandement militaire, la prévôté veille à l’application des mesures organisant la nation en temps de guerre. Elle régule et discipline ainsi la circulation des militaires, surveille et restreint celle des civils afin de permettre la fluidité sur les routes empruntées par les troupes. La crainte d’une action subversive aux armées, amène aussi les prévôtés à prévenir et à contrecarrer les menées défaitistes. Le déclenchement des opérations actives, le 10 mai 1940, met la gendarmerie prévôtale à l’épreuve de la guerre de mouvement. Après le choc des Ardennes et la déroute des armées du Nord, elle se réorganise pour répondre aux tâches les plus urgentes : aiguiller la retraite des troupes, enrayer la panique et lutter contre les pillage. L’objectif est double : remplir une mission « ingrate » et mettre fin à la « légende noire » des prévôtés, héritée de la Première Guerre mondiale
From the launching of general mobilization, on september 2nd 1939, hundreds of provost detachments are appointed to french units and to allied armies. They are loaded, during the ten months of the campaign of 1939-1940, the maintaining of order in the two fronts of the zone of armies: the North-East and the Alps. Included in the system of constraint which weighs on the five millions French mobilized, the provost gendarmerie is called to complete several missions. It tracks down recalcitrant to the mobilization and it struggles against desertion, irregular absences and soldiers violence. She also assures the management of the military prisons and prisoners' transferences. As assistant helper of the military command, the provost gendarmerie watches in the application of measurements organizing the nation in times of war. It regulates and disciplines the circulation of the soldiers, watches and restrains that of the civilians to allow fluidity on roads borrowed by troops. The fear of a subversive action in armies, also leads provost gendarmerie to warn and to prevent led defeatists. The launching of active operations, on may 10th, 1940, puts the provost gendarmerie in the test of the war of movement. After the shock of Ardennes and the crushing defeat of the armies of the North, it reorganizes itself to answer the most urgent tasks: direct the retirement of troops, check panic and struggle against depredation. Objective is double: commit a "ungrateful" mission and put an end to the «black legend » of the provost gendarmes, inherited from the First World war
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Finkle, Clea T. "State, power, and police in colonial North India /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10697.

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Alfano, Nicolas. "De l'autorité au soutien : rôles et usages des rôles dans le commandement en gendarmerie départementale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0595.

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La Gendarmerie nationale est une institution militaire française qui œuvre dans le domaine de la sécurité. Opérant dans les espaces ruraux et suburbains, elle a historiquement adopté une configuration particulière centrée sur la disponibilité des forces et un déploiement élargi sur le territoire. Poussée par des logiques de rationalisation issues de la nouvelle gestion publique et par des mouvements internes de contestation sociale, l’institution s’est engagée depuis la fin du XXème siècle dans un processus de transformation qui influence en profondeur la gestion de ses personnels. On observe alors une modification des règles du jeu sur lesquelles se base l’exercice du commandement. La condition du gendarme intègre de nouveaux droits jusqu’alors refusés ou fortement restreints par le statut militaire, et les marges de manoeuvre traditionnellement admises, basées sur la soumission sans réserve aux modes de la discipline et de la disponibilité, sont relativisées. Dans ce contexte, l'étude s’est intéressée à la pratique quotidienne des officiers en position de commandement, ainsi qu’à la manière dont ceux-ci abordent les transformations contemporaines de leur institution. Construite à la manière d’une enquête de terrain ethnographique, la démarche de recherche a permis une analyse en détail du travail de ces « chefs » au travers d’un répertoire de rôles. Ces rôles ont été envisagés comme des moyens d’agir sur le collectif, et décryptés au sein d’une grille de lecture stratégique. L’étude a ainsi pu mettre en évidence le choix qui est fait par certains officiers d’adopter une posture de soutien en lieu et place de la posture d’autorité traditionnelle dans le monde militaire
The Gendarmerie nationale is a military institution and one of the two French national police forces, with responsibilities regarding population security in rural and suburban areas. Due to public management reforms and several social movements, this institution is currently experiencing important changes in people management. As a result, the set of game rules that applies to command itself is subject to modifications. The gendarme condition – meaning the entire scale of rights, obligations and missions attached to the position – is evolving and traditional postures, based on disciplinary attitudes and availability standards, are weackened. This study focuses on the day-to-day work of officers in command positions and how these chiefs handle their new situation. Based on an ethnographic approach, the research process analyzes chief-work throught a set of roles, which are discused as means for action in a strategy-based approach. It shows how certain officers in command position choose to reshape the way they make use of their roles, adopting a support based posture rather than a more traditional authority based posture
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Derambarsh, Arash. "Fichiers de police, un encadrement légal et sociétal dans un contexte controversé." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010278.

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Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude des fichiers de police et de gendarmerie pour, notamment, mettre en lumière l’idée-force selon laquelle une conception moderne de l’État de droit promeut non seulement leur encadrement mais plus encore leur nécessité. De fait, il existe en France de nombreux fichiers tenus par diverses administrations dont le but est par exemple de recenser des personnes en fonction de leur statut, de comptabiliser les propriétaires de véhicules ou les titulaires de permis de conduire, de dénombrer les personnes condamnées, et par ces biais de prévenir et si possible faciliter la répression des contraventions, délits et crimes. Le droit à la sûreté constitue une liberté fondamentale, et il convient de percevoir que par leur existence même les fichiers de police participent de cet objectif. En pratique, il s’agira de savoir si des abréviations comme FAED, FNAEG, FIJAIS, STIC, JUDEX, FPR, FRG, FVVS, FIT, FNFM, SDRF, SIS-Schengen, N-SIS,FAC, FCA, FPIS, SDRF, AGRIPPA, FDST, FOS, CIBLE, FIP, STUC, FTIVV, SCPPB, TREIMA, RAPACE, FAR, FNPE, FSCP, SALVAC, FNT, FBS, FTPJ, FSPORA ou FNPC désignent des outils véritables et efficients de rapprochements criminels, utilisés par les autorités afin d’élucider les crimes les plus graves. En substance, ces fichiers visent, grâce à une simple requête, à identifier voire à localiser les délinquants et les criminels dans toute la mémoire informatisée des services, qu’ils’agisse des fichiers d’antécédents criminels ou même des simples notes inscrites en procédure. Au demeurant, ces moteurs de recherche peuvent fonctionner pour tous les types de délits ou crimes
This thesis is dedicated to the understanding of police files and to their compatibility with Human rights. Also, it questions both potential Human rights and individual freedom violations behind such acronyms: FAED, FNAEG, FIJAIS, STIC, JUDEX, FPR, FRG, FVVS, FIT, FNFM, SDRF, SIS-Schengen, N-SIS, FAC, FCA,FPIS, SDRF, AGRIPA FDST, FOS, CIBLE, FIP, STUC, FTIVV, SCPPB, TREIMA, RAPACE, FAR, FNPE, FSCP, SALVAC, FNT, FBS, FTPJ, FS-PORA or FNPC. While leading an investigation, the vigilance shall then be doubled: On one hand, investigators (police and customs) should be provided with relevant and sufficient information so as to lead their inquisition and to collect enough evidence (Loppsi 2). On the other hand, the Human rights of each citizen have to be insured against abuse and misuse of information. In 2009, The CNIL (National Commissionon Informatics and Liberty) revealed that 83 % of the data of the STIC was not accurate.Data related to victims and to their offender is then stored (identity, date and place of birth, nationalities addresses). Some crimes files even reveal information related to the ethnical or racial origins of the parties, information related to their political and religious opinions, and information related to their health or to their sexual life. In case of any information misuse, recourse to justice seems to be very limited. In France, no law supports the opposition of a party to access data related to his/her identity. This is an exception made to the Informatics and Liberty Law (according to the Law 78-17 dated January 6th 1978 modified)
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Sait, Aziz. "Les prévôtés, de « la drôle de guerre » à « l'étrange défaite » (1939-1940). Personnels, missions, représentations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040240.

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Dès le déclenchement de la mobilisation générale, le 2 septembre 1939, des centaines de détachements prévôtaux sont affectés aux unités françaises et aux armées alliées. Ils sont chargés, pendant les dix mois de la campagne de 1939-1940, du maintien de l’ordre sur les deux fronts métropolitains de la zone des armées : le Nord-Est et le front des Alpes. Incluse dans le système de contrainte qui pèse sur les cinq millions de mobilisés français, la gendarmerie prévôtale est appelée à remplir plusieurs missions. Elle traque les réfractaires à la mobilisation en lutant contre la désertion, les absences illégales et les violences des militaires. Elle assure également la gestion des prisons militaires tout en effectuant les transfèrements de détenus. Comme auxiliaire du commandement militaire, la prévôté veille à l’application des mesures organisant la nation en temps de guerre. Elle régule et discipline ainsi la circulation des militaires, surveille et restreint celle des civils afin de permettre la fluidité sur les routes empruntées par les troupes. La crainte d’une action subversive aux armées, amène aussi les prévôtés à prévenir et à contrecarrer les menées défaitistes. Le déclenchement des opérations actives, le 10 mai 1940, met la gendarmerie prévôtale à l’épreuve de la guerre de mouvement. Après le choc des Ardennes et la déroute des armées du Nord, elle se réorganise pour répondre aux tâches les plus urgentes : aiguiller la retraite des troupes, enrayer la panique et lutter contre les pillage. L’objectif est double : remplir une mission « ingrate » et mettre fin à la « légende noire » des prévôtés, héritée de la Première Guerre mondiale
From the launching of general mobilization, on september 2nd 1939, hundreds of provost detachments are appointed to french units and to allied armies. They are loaded, during the ten months of the campaign of 1939-1940, the maintaining of order in the two fronts of the zone of armies: the North-East and the Alps. Included in the system of constraint which weighs on the five millions French mobilized, the provost gendarmerie is called to complete several missions. It tracks down recalcitrant to the mobilization and it struggles against desertion, irregular absences and soldiers violence. She also assures the management of the military prisons and prisoners' transferences. As assistant helper of the military command, the provost gendarmerie watches in the application of measurements organizing the nation in times of war. It regulates and disciplines the circulation of the soldiers, watches and restrains that of the civilians to allow fluidity on roads borrowed by troops. The fear of a subversive action in armies, also leads provost gendarmerie to warn and to prevent led defeatists. The launching of active operations, on may 10th, 1940, puts the provost gendarmerie in the test of the war of movement. After the shock of Ardennes and the crushing defeat of the armies of the North, it reorganizes itself to answer the most urgent tasks: direct the retirement of troops, check panic and struggle against depredation. Objective is double: commit a "ungrateful" mission and put an end to the «black legend » of the provost gendarmes, inherited from the First World war
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13

Champchesnel, Hélène de. "La gendarmerie en Syrie et au Liban pendant la seconde guerre mondiale." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040095.

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Des gendarmes français accompagnent l'armée française pendant toute la durée du mandat en Syrie et au Liban. La découverte de la réelle identité institutionnelle de cette formation, prévôté, gendarmerie coloniale ou gendarmerie départementale, s'inscrit dans une perspective plus générale d’appréhension de la complexe relation mandataire. La courte campagne de Syrie, en juin 1941, qui voit s'affronter pour la première fois des Français entre eux, marque une profonde rupture au Levant : la prévôté du Levant et celle FFL sont deux entités humaines différentes. L'engagement des gendarmes dans tous les conflits du Levant, notamment pendant l'insurrection de 1945, et l'évolution de leur relation avec les gendarmeries syriennes et libanaises, sont emblématiques de l'attitude de la France face à l’essor du nationalisme arabe
The French Gendarmerie accompanied the French Army thoughout the duration of the mandates in Lebanon and Syria. The uncovering of the veritable institutional identity of this organisation, the provostship, the colonial or the departmental Gendarmerie, comes within the framework of a more general understanding of the complex relationships of mandated territories. The Syrian campaign, of June 1941, the French fought against French, marking a distinct rupture in the Near East : the Levant and the FFL provostships concerned two different human entities. The engaging of the Gendarmerie in all of the Near East conflicts, particularly in the 1945 uprising, and the evolution of the relationship between the French, Lebanese and Syrian Gendarmeries, are symbolic of the French attitude toward the rising of Arab nationalism
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14

Chichignoud, Christelle. "Territoires de la sécurité, territoires de l'insécurité en France à travers le rôle des forces de police et de gendarmerie." Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA083626.

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Dans ce travail de géographie, il s'agit de comprendre en quoi les inégalités territoriales qui existent à différent niveaux, dans l'exposition au risque « délinquance », peuvent être liées à des difficultés d'organisation et de fonctionnement des institutions « police » et « gendarmerie ». À partir d'une question centrale, « Quelle sécurité pour quel(s) territoire(s), quelle insécurité sur quel(s) territoire(s) ? », on examine donc les diagnostics retenus pour la mise en place des politiques publiques de sécurité et la mobilisation des acteurs police-gendarmerie ainsi que les rapports de force qui entourent le rôle et les moyens dévolus à ces mêmes acteurs. Enfin, dans une étude de cas en Isère, sont observés les enjeux auxquels sont confrontées la police et la gendarmerie dans « leurs » territoires respectifs en fonction des spécificité du peuplement, des pratiques délinquantes et de la mobilisation d'autres acteurs locaux
This geography study tries to understand how the territorial inequalities, which exist at various levels in the exposure to the delinquency risk, can be related to the difficulties of "gendarmerie" and police organization. Starting from a central question "Which safety for which territories, which insecurity on which territory?", this study proposes to examine the diagnoses retained for the installation of the public policies of safety and the mobilization of the actors "police" and "gendarmerie". We try to understand rivalries which surround the role and the means reserved for these same actors. Lastly, in a case study in Isere, the police and the "gendarmerie" are studied in "their" respective territories
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15

Bruneteaux, Patrick. "La violence d'État dans un régime démocratique : les forces de maintien de l'ordre en France, 1880-1980." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010303.

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Depuis la Troisième république, un processus séculaire d'aménagement des luttes sociales, impulsé à partir de 1880 par des républicains soucieux de ne plus attenter à la vie de citoyens mobilisés dans la rue, a été au fondement d'une double transformation de la répression. D'une part, l'apparition de professionnels de la police des foules contestataires, les forces de l'ordre : la gendarmerie mobile et les compagnies républicaines de sécurité, a permis de reléguer les militaires dans les seules tâches guerrières et les autres forces de police aux missions de sécurité individuelle. D'autre part, l'invention d'un maintien de l'ordre orienté vers la création de dispositifs et d'outils spécifiques : gaz lacrymogènes, barrages. . . Une révolution interne à l'appareil d'Etat s'est ainsi déroulée, due à la confrontation entre les logiques de l'ordre public et celles, démocratiques, de la tolérance à l'égard des libertés collectives d'expression
From Third republic on there began a double transformation of the methodes of repression in France. This secular handling of social conflict arose after 1880 out of ghe desire of Republicans not to affront the physical integrity of the demonstrating citizen in the street. On one level there appeared professionals to police demonstrating crowds ; the forces of order. First the mobile gendarmerie in 1921 and later the "compagnies républicaines de sécurité" in 1947-48 permitted a redefinition of the duties of the army and other polices forces. On another level a group was formed and oriented towards the conception of methodes ans tools designed to combat unruly crowds (barricades. . . ). A revolutiion thus occured in the state machinary growing out of two requirements, the need for public order, and the democratic requirement for tolerance of collective liberty of expression
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16

Kerrigan, Austin. "Policing a colony : the case of Hong Kong 1844-1899." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248159.

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17

Panel, Louis N. "« Forcer, au besoin, leur obéissance » ? : la Gendarmerie nationale et la Grande Guerre des Français (1914-1918)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040072.

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Par sa durée autant que par l’ampleur des effectifs engagés, la Première Guerre mondiale pose particulièrement la question du maintien de l’ordre et de la discipline aux armées. Déployés dans la zone des armées dès la déclaration de guerre, des détachements de gendarmerie y sont réorganisés à plusieurs reprises. Après avoir dirigé la mobilisation générale, ils veillent à la fluidité et à la sécurité de la circulation et assurent la régulation du trafic. Dans les cantonnements, les gendarmes des prévôtés interviennent également pour maintenir les hommes dans l’obéissance et le respect des directives du commandement. Ils sont aussi disposés en barrage, durant la bataille, pour réprimer la désertion qu’ils traquent jusqu’à l’intérieur. Leur échoient en outre la gestion et la surveillance des prisons prévôtales, bientôt réputées être le « cauchemar » de l’arme. En certaines circonstances, et alors que sont massées des troupes en nombre considérable, leur mission s’étend au contrôle de l’hygiène et aux soins des soldats. Pourtant, à l’issue de la guerre, l’image de la gendarmerie s’est considérablement dépréciée, comme en témoigne le développement du thème des gendarmes pendus par la troupe
Because of its long duration as much as because of the vast number of troops engaged, the First World War posed the problem of maintaining order and discipline in the French armies in a particularly acute form. The task fell in a large part to the Gendarmerie, detachments of which were stationed in the armies’ sector since the outbreak of war. On several occasions the Gendarmerie had been reorganized. After having supervised the mobilization, it provided security for army movements and was responsible for traffic control. In the troop encampments the gendarmes of the military police enforced obedience to orders and ensured the implementation of directives from the (army) command. During the battle, they were arranged in roadblocks to repress deserters, whom they pursued up to the inland. Among their duties, there was also the administration and surveillance of military prisons, a task soon recognised to be a ‘nightmare’ for the service. In certain circumstances, when large masses of troops were jam-packed together, the Gendarmerie even assumed responsibility for soldiers’ personal hygiene and welfare. However, by the end of the war, the men’s respect for the Gendarmerie had declined markedly, evidenced by the spreading of the legend of gendarmes hanged by the rank-and-file
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18

Panel, Louis N. "« Forcer, au besoin, leur obéissance » ? : la Gendarmerie nationale et la Grande Guerre des Français (1914-1918)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040072.

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Par sa durée autant que par l’ampleur des effectifs engagés, la Première Guerre mondiale pose particulièrement la question du maintien de l’ordre et de la discipline aux armées. Déployés dans la zone des armées dès la déclaration de guerre, des détachements de gendarmerie y sont réorganisés à plusieurs reprises. Après avoir dirigé la mobilisation générale, ils veillent à la fluidité et à la sécurité de la circulation et assurent la régulation du trafic. Dans les cantonnements, les gendarmes des prévôtés interviennent également pour maintenir les hommes dans l’obéissance et le respect des directives du commandement. Ils sont aussi disposés en barrage, durant la bataille, pour réprimer la désertion qu’ils traquent jusqu’à l’intérieur. Leur échoient en outre la gestion et la surveillance des prisons prévôtales, bientôt réputées être le « cauchemar » de l’arme. En certaines circonstances, et alors que sont massées des troupes en nombre considérable, leur mission s’étend au contrôle de l’hygiène et aux soins des soldats. Pourtant, à l’issue de la guerre, l’image de la gendarmerie s’est considérablement dépréciée, comme en témoigne le développement du thème des gendarmes pendus par la troupe
Because of its long duration as much as because of the vast number of troops engaged, the First World War posed the problem of maintaining order and discipline in the French armies in a particularly acute form. The task fell in a large part to the Gendarmerie, detachments of which were stationed in the armies’ sector since the outbreak of war. On several occasions the Gendarmerie had been reorganized. After having supervised the mobilization, it provided security for army movements and was responsible for traffic control. In the troop encampments the gendarmes of the military police enforced obedience to orders and ensured the implementation of directives from the (army) command. During the battle, they were arranged in roadblocks to repress deserters, whom they pursued up to the inland. Among their duties, there was also the administration and surveillance of military prisons, a task soon recognised to be a ‘nightmare’ for the service. In certain circumstances, when large masses of troops were jam-packed together, the Gendarmerie even assumed responsibility for soldiers’ personal hygiene and welfare. However, by the end of the war, the men’s respect for the Gendarmerie had declined markedly, evidenced by the spreading of the legend of gendarmes hanged by the rank-and-file
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19

Mouhanna, Christian. "Police et justice face au citoyen : le repli bureaucratique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005IEPP0025.

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Comment comprendre l'échec des politiques de sécurité en France depuis 15 ans et quelles répercussions sur les systèmes policier et pénal ? A travers des études monographiques étudiant la mise en application de différentes réformes dans la Police et la Gendarmerie, ainsi que leurs répercussions sur la justice pénale, cette thèse montre comment les divers acteurs -policiers, élus, magistrats, et autres partenaires- participent tous, plus ou moins volontairement, à l'insuccès des politiques de proximité en matière de sécurité. Au delà des considérations d'ordres corporatistes ou culturelles, on observe des effets de système qui se répercutent sur les politiques publiques nationales en ce domaine. Car les réformes, au lieu de déboucher sur une amélioration du service au public et du sentiment de sécurité, ont généré un repli bureaucratique dans les institutions concernées, qui privilégient des logiques internes à une véritable politique d'ouverture en faveur des populations.
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20

Nativité, Jean-François. "Culture d'ordre et identités régionales : la gendarmerie dans les départements pyrénéens (1939-1944)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30055.

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Figurant parmi les études pionnières du chantier historique de la Gendarmerie nationale, ce travail s’efforce de revisiter sous l’angle méconnu des départements pyrénéens frontaliers de l’Espagne, la délicate question du rôle des forces de l’ordre durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. L'interrogation centrale de cette thèse repose sur les bouleversements physiques et psychiques d'une police à statut militaire soumise à différents facteurs déstabilisants. En prenant d'une part comme base initiale la structure spécifique, le cadre juridique, les missions et l'état d'esprit qui constituent l'identité de la gendarmerie d'avant-guerre et d'autre part, le terreau politique, économique et psychologique pyrénéen, l'objectif est de croiser les données endogènes et exogènes liées à la restructuration de l'arme des années quarante, pour obtenir une typologie comportementale capable de répondre à trois types d’interrogations. Tout d’abord, comment les gendarmes stationnés dans les Pyrénées ont-ils vécu la campagne de 1939-1940 et quelle a été leur contribution à l’effort de guerre ? Puis, pendant la période de l’Occupation née de la défaite de la France, alors que la quasi-totalité de l’espace Pyrénéen reste en zone libre jusqu’au mois de novembre 1942, dans quelle mesure les gendarmes locaux ont-ils été concernés par les ordonnances prises par les vainqueurs ? Quelle a été la résultante des transformations voulues par le régime de Vichy et des nouvelles tâches imposées aux gendarmes en poste à la frontière espagnole ? Enfin, dans une région qui s’est longtemps présentée comme un territoire s’étant lui même libéré du joug de l’occupant, comment les gendarmes ont-ils passé le cap de la Libération et du rétablissement de la légalité républicaine ? À la faveur de la soudure symbolique de l’année 1939, la première partie de cette réflexion s’attache à rappeler et à définir la place de la gendarmerie en tant que corps militaire chargé du maintien de l’ordre, dans le contexte socio-historique pyrénéen. Ce bilan de compétences se veut avant tout comme un trait d’union reliant la chaîne des temps et servant de point d’encrage à la compréhension des métamorphoses postérieures. La seconde partie de ce travail est elle dévolue aux « chemins de l’abîme », cette trajectoire événementielle, qui de la chute de Barcelone à l’occupation totale des Pyrénées en novembre 1942, a fait subir à la gendarmerie locale des contorsions réglementaires, fonctionnelles et psychologiques auxquelles elle n’était pas préparée. Enfin pour finir, la dernière partie de cette étude est consacrée à la période allant de l’hiver 1942 à la fin du mois de novembre 1944, qui marque la résurgence et l’indépendance retrouvée de la Gendarmerie nationale
Appearing among the first studies of the new historical building site of the national Gendarmerie, this work endeavours to revisit under the ignored angle of the frontier Pyrenean departments of Spain, the delicate question of the role of the police force lasting the Second World War. The central interrogation of this PhD rests on the physical and psychic upheavals of a police force with military statute subjected to various destabilizing factors. While taking on the one hand as bases initial the specific structure, the legal framework, the missions and the state of mind which constitute the identity of the gendarmerie of pre-war period and on the other hand, compost political, economic and psychological Pyrenean, the objective is to cross the endogenous and exogenic data related to the reorganization of the weapon of the Forties, to obtain a behavioural typology able to answer three types of interrogations. First of all, how the gendarmes stationed in the Pyrenees did live the countryside of 1939-1940 and which was their contribution to the effort of war ? Then, for the period of the Occupation born of the defeat of France, whereas the near total of Pyrenean space remains in free zone until November 1942, up to what point were the local gendarmes concerned with the ordinances taken by the winners ? Which was the resultant of the transformations wanted by the mode of Vichy and of the new tasks imposed to the gendarmes in post office at the Spanish border ? Lastly, in an area which was presented a long time in the form of a territory being even released to him of the yoke of the occupant, how did the gendarmes pass the course of the Release and the re-establishment of republican legality ? To the favour of the welding symbolic system of the year 1939, the first part of this reflexion attempts to point out and define the place of the gendarmerie as military body in charge of the maintenance of law and order, in the context Pyrenean socio-history. This assessment of competences wants to be before just like a feature of union connecting the chain of times and being used of point of inking for comprehension of the posterior metamorphoses. The second part of this work is it reserved for the "ways of the abyss", this event-driven trajectory, which fall of Barcelona to the total occupation of the Pyrenees in November 1942, subjected the local gendarmerie of the lawful, functional and psychological distortion with which it was not prepared. Finally to finish, the last part of this study is devoted to the period going of the winter 1942 at the end of November 1944, which marks the resurgence and the found independence of the national Gendarmerie
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21

Ahire, P. T. "Policing colonization : the emergence and role of the police in colonial Nigeria 1860-1960." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355517.

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22

Fombonne, Jacques. "L'exercice de la police technique et scientifique par la gendarmerie nationale : une solution rationnelle apportée pour le traitement de l'indice matériel, à la question de la preuve ne matière pénale." Paris 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA020057.

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Le but de cette these est de presenter les moyens dont dispose la gendarmerie nationale dans l'exercice de la police technique et scientifique (ou criminalistique) : moyens en personnel, en materiels et en enseignement, auxquels s'ajoutent les questions de doctrine d'emploi. Cette presentation s'accompagne de l'examen correlatif des structures mises en place aupres de la police nationale. La criminalistique - dont la these reprend par ailleurs les successives definitions - reposant sur le traitement technique de l'indice materiel, les developpements initiaux se sont attaches a mettre en evidence, tant dans les civilisations anciennes qu'en droit positif, une approche analytique de la place de cet indice au rang des preuves en matiere penale. Cette etude a voulu deboucher sur une tentative de classification des preuves et sur la mise en evidence de la necessite de l'exploitation scientifique de l'indice comme solution unique a l'evolution de la procedure vers le rationalisme
The purpose of this thesis is to set out the means that the national gendarmerie has at its disposal in orde to carry on technical and scientific police (or forensic science) : i. E staff, equipment and training ressorces to which must be added matters of use regulations. This presentation goes together with a correlative study of the facilities which are set up for the national police. Forensic science - whose various definitions are specified in the thesis - being based u pon the technical processing of material evidence, the initial developments endeavoured to underscore an analytical approach to the status of that piece of evidence - in ancient civilizations as well as in positive law - as legal evidence for the prosecution. This study was designed to result in an attempt to classify evidence and in the underlining of the necessity of a forensic operating of pieces of evidence as the only solution for the procedure evolution towards rationalism
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23

So, Kam-tong Bernie. "The Hong Kong police as a new paradigm of policing in a post colonial city : an analysis of reform achievement /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21036408.

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24

Richards, Jonathan. ""A Question of Necessity" : The Native Police in Queensland." Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365772.

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Frontier issues are an inevitable part of Australian historiography, and have often been dealt with in either an indifferent or a moralistic manner. Specifically, it has been widely argued that records of officially condoned frontier violence have been destroyed or lost. This thesis, which deals with the Native Police in Queensland from 1860 to 1905, attempts to move the discussion on to firmer ground. It is driven by a passionate commitment to the rights of Indigenous Australians, and shows that detailed archival research does not support those who deny the violence that accompanied the colonisation of Australia. Apologists for dispossession will find no comfort in the archival records. The Native Police force was widely reputed to have been the most violent police force on the Australian frontier. Long-standing and widely cited references about the lack of Native Police records have been tied into arguments about the kind of force it was. This dissertation is the first significant archival work on the Native Police force after Separation. The force was part of broader colonial settler-society, and I analyse the Native Police in that context. The problem with existing literature is that the archives have not been adequately consulted, and historians have neglected vital contextual aspects of the force in Queensland. The sociology of policing has not been integrated with a model of military force in the Queensland case, even though in colonial Queensland the same men formed the dual function of soldiers and police. The aim of the thesis is to provide an integrated model documented by detailed research in the archives. The research hypothesis is that the Native Police played a central role in the dispossession and punitive treatment of Indigenous people. Chapter 1 sets up the research problem in the context of the existing scholarship on native policing. Chapter 2 looks at the officers. Chapter 3 is concerned with the Aboriginal troopers of the force, and Chapter 4 examines the operations of the Native Police in Queensland. The thesis is very detailed, as the topic requires, but it still only opens up essential avenues of research. In particular, more work needs to be done on the experiences of the troopers and on the records of frontier violence in general.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Arts, Media and Culture
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25

Alfano, Nicolas. "De l'autorité au soutien : rôles et usages des rôles dans le commandement en gendarmerie départementale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0595.

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La Gendarmerie nationale est une institution militaire française qui œuvre dans le domaine de la sécurité. Opérant dans les espaces ruraux et suburbains, elle a historiquement adopté une configuration particulière centrée sur la disponibilité des forces et un déploiement élargi sur le territoire. Poussée par des logiques de rationalisation issues de la nouvelle gestion publique et par des mouvements internes de contestation sociale, l’institution s’est engagée depuis la fin du XXème siècle dans un processus de transformation qui influence en profondeur la gestion de ses personnels. On observe alors une modification des règles du jeu sur lesquelles se base l’exercice du commandement. La condition du gendarme intègre de nouveaux droits jusqu’alors refusés ou fortement restreints par le statut militaire, et les marges de manoeuvre traditionnellement admises, basées sur la soumission sans réserve aux modes de la discipline et de la disponibilité, sont relativisées. Dans ce contexte, l'étude s’est intéressée à la pratique quotidienne des officiers en position de commandement, ainsi qu’à la manière dont ceux-ci abordent les transformations contemporaines de leur institution. Construite à la manière d’une enquête de terrain ethnographique, la démarche de recherche a permis une analyse en détail du travail de ces « chefs » au travers d’un répertoire de rôles. Ces rôles ont été envisagés comme des moyens d’agir sur le collectif, et décryptés au sein d’une grille de lecture stratégique. L’étude a ainsi pu mettre en évidence le choix qui est fait par certains officiers d’adopter une posture de soutien en lieu et place de la posture d’autorité traditionnelle dans le monde militaire
The Gendarmerie nationale is a military institution and one of the two French national police forces, with responsibilities regarding population security in rural and suburban areas. Due to public management reforms and several social movements, this institution is currently experiencing important changes in people management. As a result, the set of game rules that applies to command itself is subject to modifications. The gendarme condition – meaning the entire scale of rights, obligations and missions attached to the position – is evolving and traditional postures, based on disciplinary attitudes and availability standards, are weackened. This study focuses on the day-to-day work of officers in command positions and how these chiefs handle their new situation. Based on an ethnographic approach, the research process analyzes chief-work throught a set of roles, which are discused as means for action in a strategy-based approach. It shows how certain officers in command position choose to reshape the way they make use of their roles, adopting a support based posture rather than a more traditional authority based posture
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26

Huynh, Isabelle. "Entre ordre colonial et santé publique, la prostitution au Tonkin de 1885 à 1954." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20102.

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L’étude de la prostitution au Tonkin pendant la colonisation française est celle d’un monde en mutation. Le développement de la prostitution est à relier directement avec les changements socio-économiques que connaît le Tonkin. La mobilité croissante des populations à l’époque coloniale a pour conséquence une urbanisation importante accompagnée d’une transformation radicale de la société urbaine. Ces changements favorisent une expansion à la fois quantitative et qualitative de la prostitution car de nouvelles formes apparaissent (chanteuses, danseuses, etc.). Fenêtre ouverte sur un monde urbain en transformation, le monde prostitutionnel permet également de rendre compte de la complexité de la société coloniale dont il est le microcosme puisqu’il en reprend la hiérarchie raciale, les rapports de domination, de tension et de sympathie réciproque. Ce microcosme est placé sous le signe de la rencontre des genres et, surtout, des races, ce qui, en situation coloniale, ne va pas sans poser problème. La gestion de la prostitution par les autorités s’insère directement dans la politique de maintien de l’ordre mise en place par l’État colonial, puisqu’elle s’efforce de recréer au sein du monde prostitutionnel la hiérarchie, à la fois genrée et raciale, régissant l’ensemble de la société coloniale. Le second volet de l’administration de la prostitution est sanitaire car c’est au nom de la santé publique que la prostitution est réglementée. Le but est de lutter contre les maladies vénériennes, péril pour l’individu et la nation. L’histoire de la prostitution au Tonkin est celle d’une tension entre une administration tentant de contrôler un monde prostitutionnel mouvant et multiforme et les acteurs du monde prostitutionnel qui mettent en place des stratégies de contournement et d’évitement. Ce travail entend analyser à la fois le système mis en place par les autorités et la réalité du monde prostitutionnel en s’intéressant à ses acteurs et à ses lieux
During French colonization, the world of prostitution in Tonkin evolved as the result of the numerous social and economic changes that were occurring at the time. The increasing mobility of the population led to rapid, significant urbanization: consequently, the city changed in form and in culture. Prostitution hence became increasingly visible. Its expansion was both quantitative and qualitative in the sense that prostitutes were no longer confined within the so-called spaces of “legal” brothels and were no longer perceived as being the only women capable of providing sexual services. In this regard, the world of prostitution is a critical vantage point which permits a far-reaching study of these global changes as well as a unique vantage point onto the complexity of colonization itself. This world was a microcosm of colonial society with its latent notions of racial hierarchy, inherent domination, and intimacy for colonization, and these all represent an intimate yet politically charged encounter. The racial boundaries delineated at the very foundations of the colonial order were therefore blurred and had to be redrawn and sharpened. The regulation of prostitution was one of the means used by authorities to control the interaction between the colonizers and the colonized because it reproduced the racial distinctions of the colonial society. The second dimension of the administration of prostitution was medical: because of venereal diseases, prostitution was perceived to be a threat to individuals and the nation as a whole. The regulation of prostitution thus was part and parcel of the policing strategies set up by the authorities to insure colonial order and public health. Nonetheless, its application proved to be difficult because prostitution, which was understood as construing both actors and places, resisted the police and medical frameworks that sought to confine them. Authorities’ attempts clashed with the evasive strategies of prostitutes, madams, clients, and others as well. In light of these issues, this study offers a thorough examination of the official frameworks and the reality of prostitution as it existed in colonial Tonkin
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27

So, Kam-tong Bernie, and 蘇錦棠. "The Hong Kong police as a new paradigm of policing in a post colonial city: an analysis of reform achievement." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31966019.

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28

Chetrit, Thierry. "Sécurité intérieure et criminalité contemporaine en France." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020016/document.

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Condition essentielle de l’exercice des libertés individuelles et collectives, la sécurité intérieure est au centre des préoccupations des citoyens et de leurs gouvernants. Dès lors, la criminalité contemporaine, phénomène multi-causal, a considérablement évolué, tant par son ampleur que par sa nature, nécessitant, dans le respect des libertés fondamentales, la mise en oeuvre d’une politique ambitieuse. Pour parer aux menaces ou aux manifestations de la criminalité contemporaine, des lois nombreuses et récentes sont venues reformuler le caractère prioritaire des orientations de l’Etat en matière de sécurité intérieure et de justice. Elles s’articulent autour des réformes structurelles, placées sous le signe d’une coopération approfondie entre les acteurs de la sécurité, mais aussi d’une volonté de leur fournir un cadre administratif et juridique rénové. Complétant ce dispositif global de lutte contre la criminalité contemporaine, la criminalité apparaît également comme un instrument qui joue un rôle indispensable dans la conduite des enquêtes pénales. Désormais, elle contribue, dans une large mesure, à l’administration de la preuve pénale, en cas de présomption de crime et d’autres infractions, au sein du dispositif global de sécurité intérieure. Mais, au-delà d’une simple aide apportée à la science de l’enquête, son avenir réside dans une meilleure exploitation, et donc efficacité de celle-ci. Ainsi, c’est par une politique s’appuyant aussi bien sur une rénovation ambitieuse du cadre institutionnel et juridique que sur les avancées concomitantes de la criminalistique que l’Etat pourra parvenir à infléchir la criminalité contemporaine
The essential condition for the exercise of individual and collective freedoms roots itself in the notion of security, it is the cornerstone of the republican contract and the main concern of our leaders and citizens. It must be said that contemporary crime, a multi-causal phenomenon, has changed considerably, in its scope and in its basic nature, requiring, in respect of fundamental freedoms, the implementation of an ambitious security policy. Thus, some current legislation has been formulated on order to highlight the areas of highest priority for internal security and justice. Those legislations are base on one hand around some structural reforms under the sign of deepened cooperation between security bodies, and on the other hand, through a willing to provide an overall new legal and administrative framework. Adding to this throughout system which stands to fight against contemporary crime, criminalistics appears to be a key instrument. Notably playing an indispensable role in the conduct of criminal investigations, it is a leading force, to a large extent in the repression of crime and offenses in general within the overall system of internal security. Hence and notwithstanding the administration of criminal evidence by criminalistics is presented as a rational solution in the treatment of physical evidence in order to discover the truth. It is only a complementary solution and a simple help given to support the science of investigation. The future of the system lies in a greater exploration of this resource as it will enable the system to become more efficient. Thus, it is only through an uncompromising stance, utilizing knowledge from criminalistics and an ambitious advanced renovation of the institutional and legal framework, that the state will curb contemporary crime
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29

Ng, Yee Ching. "Policing strangers by strangers : changing colonial policing strategies and the recruitment of Indians in the Hong Kong police forces, 1841-1941." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1477.

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30

Reyes, Marquez Carolina. "La coopération interinstitutionnelle dans la gestion de l’immigration irrégulière en région frontalière au Québec." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11312.

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Au cours des dernières années, particulièrement en 2016 et 2017, le nombre de demandeurs d’asile traversant illégalement la frontière pour se rendre au Québec a connu une hausse considérable. Devant l’essor de ce phénomène, l’étude du processus de gestion de l’immigration irrégulière en région frontalière prend de l’importance. Au Québec, lorsqu’il est question de sécurité en région frontalière, plusieurs acteurs peuvent se voir interpellés par ce domaine compte tenu du partage de responsabilités constitutionnelles. Dès lors, des acteurs de la sécurité et du domaine de l’application de la loi régis par le gouvernement fédéral, ainsi que par le gouvernement provincial, se voient confier des responsabilités quant à la sécurité en région frontalière. De ce fait, l’Agence des services frontaliers du Canada et la Gendarmerie royale du Canada ont la responsabilité d’assurer respectivement la sécurité aux points d’entrée officiels terrestres, ainsi qu'entre les points d’entrée au pays. Toutefois, la Sûreté du Québec présente dans les municipalités régionales de comté marquées par la présence de la frontière canado-américaine se voit également responsable d’assurer la sécurité sur le territoire. Au même titre que la Sûreté du Québec, des acteurs policiers au niveau municipal peuvent à leur tour se voir interpellés par la présence de la frontière à proximité de leur territoire et de certains phénomènes frontaliers, tels que l’immigration irrégulière . Ainsi, ce mémoire étudie le processus de coopération entre les acteurs de la sécurité issus de différents paliers du gouvernement en matière de gestion de l’immigration irrégulière . Cette coopération interinstitutionnelle est comprise comme les rôles et responsabilités de ces acteurs, les mesures que ceux-ci mettent en application devant les cas d’immigration irrégulière, ainsi que les relations qui régissent les interactions entre ces organisations d’application de la loi.
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31

Bailey, William J. "Countering-insurgency : a comparative analysis of campaigns in Malaya (1948-1960), Kenya (1952-1960) and Rhodesia (1964-1980)." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/579.

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History has lessons for the present; could this be the case for modern counterinsurgency operations in countries resembling Iraq and Afghanistan? This research set out to study three historical counter-insurgencies campaigns in, Malaya (1947-1960), Kenya (1952- 1960) and Rhodesia (1964-1980), with a view to establishing whether or not the Colonial authorities had a substantial advantage over modern forces when combating insurgencies. If this was the case, are these advantages transferable to aid forces involved in modern counterinsurgencies? The research questions focussed on how important the role of the Colonial Forces was to the eventual outcome, examining the principal factors that contributed to their effectiveness? Included in this examination were aspects of strategy, together with an appreciation of the concept of ‘hearts and minds’, tactics and the evolution of counterinsurgency doctrine. A qualitative research design was adopted, using a case study methodology based upon comparative analysis of the data collected. Case studies were constructed for the three conflicts, based around the narratives obtained from a series of semi-structured interviews, with surviving members of the security forces; predominately police and Special Branch. The primary data was coded, using a thematic framework developed from the Literature Review. These themes were then synthesised, analysed and interpreted in response to the research questions related to the perceived problem. Lastly, the findings were compared and contrasted to provide theoretical recommendations and conclusions. The study indicated the significant role played by the Colonial Police Forces, especially Special Branch, which appears to have been instrumental in dominating initiatives against the rebels. Supporting the police, were Colonial army units together with locally recruited indigenous militias in a combined approach to prosecuting an effective counterinsurgency campaign. In addition, this was reinforced by the Colonial Government’s ability to apply draconian legislation in support of the strategic plan, to reinforce the rule of law by the police, coupled with its ability to garner popular support through civil projects, such as schools, clinics and housing. Evolving counter-insurgency doctrine advocated the need to cut off the insurgents from their supplies, by separating them from the general population. Separation was achieved by the forced movement of the population into ‘Protected Villages’ backed up by food control, harsh collective punishments, detention and curfews. Further key beneficial factors for the Colonial Forces included their knowledge of religious customs, culture and language, which enhanced their ability to gather vital intelligence direct from the population; rather than second hand. Analysing the concept of ‘hearts and minds’ since 1947, indicated it was evolving as a strategy and was not operationally as well accepted as it is today. Although often considered a benevolent approach to gaining the support of the population, the research also demonstrated the antithesis of this approach occurred by the insurgents applying power over ‘minds’ of the population though intimidation, terrorism, and physiological control. This psychological control was achieved through sorcery, spirit mediums and the taking of oaths. Ultimately, political solutions not military ones ended the insurgencies. The theoretical recommendations indicated that greater attention needs to be expended in training counter-insurgency forces to empathise with the local population when conducting overseas operations; especially improved knowledge of religious customs, culture and language. The outcome would enhance their capabilities through better population support resulting in superior intelligence.
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32

Belomo, Essono Pélagie Chantal. "L'ordre et la sécurité publics dans la construction de l'Etat au Cameroun." Phd thesis, Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00306419.

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L'ordre et la sécurité constituent le fondement de l'ordre politique au Cameroun. La création, l'« instauration » et la « restauration » de l'ordre représentent la mission essentielle de cet Etat. Dès lors, cette thèse vise à comprendre comment ces deux concepts construisent l'Etat du Cameroun et comment leur décomposition le déconstruit tout en le construisant. Ainsi, ce processus de fabrication de l'ordre sécuritaire et partant de l'Etat s'opère à trois niveaux. Primo, il se bâtit à partir de la collision et de la collusion entre l'endogène et l'exogène. D'une part, l'histoire coloniale (et du pacte colonial qui s'ensuit) structure sa constitution. Dans cette perspective, la coopération militaire France-Cameroun (grâce aux schèmes, aux cadres cognitifs en termes de doctrine et de formation militaires, aux dispositifs sécuritaires français) constitue le socle de la défense et de la sécurité de ce pays. D'autre part, la sécurité du Cameroun se construit au gré de l'ordre international; « la guerre contre le terrorisme », des jeux, des enjeux stratégiques et géostratégiques des puissances à l'œuvre dans le golfe de Guinée, le bassin du Congo, ainsi que de la sécurité nationale et intérieure de ces puissances. Enfin, sur le plan régional, les guerres qui travaillent l'Afrique médiane influencent et agissent sur les modes d'actions sécuritaires du Cameroun. En effet, la formulation, la formalisation de la politique étrangère et la pensée militaire de cet Etat sont fortement imprégnées par la « conflictogénie » qui modèle l'Afrique centrale. Secundo, les mécanismes de fabrication du « dedans » tentent de traduire les modalités de fabrication « endogéinisées » (c'est-à-dire récupérées et intégrées dans le corpus, la pratique sécuritaires internes) et endogènes de la sécurité. La production de l'ordre sécuritaire est un processus dont les forces de sécurité et politiques, dans leurs interactions ou leur déploiement, et les politiques publiques qui en découlent présentent une constance historique qui est le rapport de force, la domination et l'antagonisme dont la finalité est la perpétuation du système autoritaire, la préservation, la reproduction et la pérennisation du pouvoir des gouvernants. Tertio, l'action publique sécuritaire donne à voir une multitude d'acteurs en l'occurrence privés nationaux, étrangers, sociaux et étatiques impliqués dans le marché de la sécurité, dont les actions aboutissent à des mécanismes de sharing, de straddling et de privatisation sécuritaires. Dans ce cadre, loin de présenter une incapacité de l'Etat du Cameroun à gérer sa fonction ontologique et régalienne qu'est la sécurité, il s'agit plutôt d'un nouveau management, d'une reconfiguration de celui-ci et d'une nouvelle « gouvernementalité ».
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33

Salters, Gregory A. "A Phenomenological Exploration of Black Male Law Enforcement Officers' Perspectives of Racial Profiling and Their Law Enforcement Career Exploration and Commitment." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/877.

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This phenomenological study explored Black male law enforcement officers’ perspectives of how racial profiling shaped their decisions to explore and commit to a law enforcement career. Criterion and snow ball sampling was used to obtain the 17 participants for this study. Super’s (1990) archway model was used as the theoretical framework. The archway model “is designed to bring out the segmented but unified and developmental nature of career development, to highlight the segments, and to make their origin clear” (Super, 1990, p. 201). Interview data were analyzed using inductive, deductive, and comparative analyses. Three themes emerged from the inductive analysis of the data: (a) color and/or race does matter, (b) putting on the badge, and (c) too black to be blue and too blue to be black. The deductive analysis used a priori coding that was based on Super’s (1990) archway model. The deductive analysis revealed the participants’ career exploration was influenced by their knowledge of racial profiling and how others view them. The comparative analysis between the inductive themes and deductive findings found the theme “color and/or race does matter” was present in the relationships between and within all segments of Super’s (1990) model. The comparative analysis also revealed an expanded notion of self-concept for Black males – marginalized and/or oppressed individuals. Self-concepts, “such as self-efficacy, self-esteem, and role self-concepts, being combinations of traits ascribed to oneself” (Super, 1990, p. 202) do not completely address the self-concept of marginalized and/or oppressed individuals. The self-concept of marginalized and/or oppressed individuals is self-efficacy, self-esteem, traits ascribed to oneself expanded by their awareness of how others view them. (DuBois, 1995; Freire, 1970; Sheared, 1990; Super, 1990; Young, 1990). Ultimately, self-concept is utilized to make career and life decisions. Current human resource policies and practices do not take into consideration that negative police contact could be the result of racial profiling. Current human resource hiring guidelines penalize individuals who have had negative police contact. Therefore, racial profiling is a discriminatory act that can effectively circumvent U.S. Equal Employment Opportunities Commission laws and serve as a boundary mechanism to employment (Rocco & Gallagher, 2004).
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34

Tsai, Ming-chih, and 蔡明志. "The Gaze of Colonial Police on the Colonized: Discourse on the Colonial Police, Social Control and Space Reform in Colonial Taiwan." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64118442078782562188.

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博士
國立成功大學
建築學系碩博士班
96
The colonial empire was accustomed to use colonial police as means for social control in its colonies. In Taiwan, the local police system during the Japanese period, although at the lowest rank, made the power of colonial government approaching the deepest places of the colonized Taiwanese society by its dispersive deployment, omnipotence, and its integration with hoko system. This thesis, elaborates the concept of “colonial modernity” of “collaboration”, regards the local police with hoko organization as a colonial collaboration, and intends to explore its contribution to the modern spatial formation in colonial Taiwan. This text-based study introduces the Taiwanese writers’ works to reveal the impression of the colonized people to the process and the result of space reform executing during the Japanese period. The main text is divided into three parts, which are: “police architecture”, “the eye of police”, and “space policing”. “Police architecture” reconstructs the histories of different building types for the local police at different rank over the course of periods. “The eye of police” illustrates how the local police exercised the spatial deployment of its officials and police architecture making Taiwan as a “panoptic society” as Foucault argued, or as a “police state” as Goto Shimpei said. This also expresses the “gaze/ be gazed” relation of power between the colonial government and the colonized society. “Space policing” expounds the role of local police and hoko organization played as “an informal space building system” in the process of spatial reforming in colonial Taiwan, and extended the category of spatial reforming from “colonial cities” to “colonial locals”. This collaboration not only produced space, but also policed space. However, the space reforming driven by this collaboration was based on the exploitation to the Taiwanese. Meanwhile, they were deprived the right to use the space reformed. Therefore, the “modernity” in the process of modernization of Taiwanese cities and countries was always implicated the “coloniality”.
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35

WUN, Hsi-Shin, and 溫席昕. "Case Studies on Aboriginal Writings by Japanese Police in Colonial Taiwan." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10167793163536010033.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
台灣文學研究所
102
This thesis investigates the colonial and aboriginal administration policy in colonial Taiwan, and hence discusses the representation of Taiwan aborigines and related issues in the writings of Japanese police. Focusing on the writings of Japanese policemen and the context of their act of writing, this thesis will use six different influential and unique case studies as examples, including Sakura (佐倉), Inokuchi (&;#29482;口), Senoo (瀨野尾), Fujisaki (藤崎), Yokoo (橫尾) and Nakamura (中村). By examining their work, life and writing experience during their involvement in police force in colonial Taiwan, I shall discuss the complexity of their personal role as “human”, “Japanese”, “Japanese police” and “Japanese police in colonial Taiwan”, and their struggle of biological and psychological impacts in the context of spatial movement, cultural shuttling between national prestige and values, and the shift in nation, colonization and aboriginal policy. It is as well an important step towards constructing the historical development of Japanese writings in colonial period. In fact, during colonial period, Japanese policemen living in aboriginal boundary were observing the closest life of Taiwan aborigines and thus, through their writings on the representations of aboriginal cultures, I shall discover that their writings either on own interest or as work requirement, including works on Chinese poetry (Han-shi), the construction of aboriginal policy, reflections on policy and reports on South seas region in wartime, these cases tend to unfold the interaction of Taiwanese aborigines, Chinese and Japanese police in the eyes of the basic level of the colonial government. By inquiring the writing practices in the context of historical change, national policy and cultural difference, on the one hand they were observing the “Others”, yet on the other hand they were adopting a shifting of gaze both geographically and culturally, of which it helps to build their own values and self-actualization in the colonial land as well as to respond to the greater change in imagining “nation” , these writings tend to display the complexity and agency of the roles of Japanese police in colonial Taiwan.
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36

Umemori, Naoyuki. "Modernization through colonial mediations : the establishment of the police and prison system in Meiji Japan /." 2002. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3070223.

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37

Lee, Hsing-Chen, and 李幸真. "A Study of Police Recruitment and Trainingin Early Colonial Taiwan, 1898-1906." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57173668717198431355.

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38

Dillon, Margaret C. "Convict Labour and Colonial Society in the Campbell Town Police District: 1820-1839." 2008. http://eprints.utas.edu.au/7777.

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This thesis examines the lives of the convict workers who constituted the primary work force in the Campbell Town district in Van Diemen’s Land during the assignment period but focuses particularly on the 1830s. Over 1000 assigned men and women, ganged government convicts, convict police and ticket holders became the district’s unfree working class. Although studies have been completed on each of the groups separately, especially female convicts and ganged convicts, no holistic studies have investigated how convicts were integrated into a district as its multi-layered working class and the ways this affected their working and leisure lives and their interactions with their employers. Research has paid particular attention to the Lower Court records for 1835 to extract both quantitative data about the management of different groups of convicts, and also to provide more specific narratives about aspects of their work and leisure. Local administrative records from the Convict Department, the Colonial Secretary’s Office and the Engineers Department as well as the diaries and letters of colonists, accounts of travellers, almanacks and newspapers have also been used. Some key results proposed in the thesis include the following: Local magistrates had more varied and liberal middle class backgrounds than their contemporaries in New South Wales. They willingly became the governor’s agents of control over the convict work force, accepting his political authority, and remained primarily interested in increasing their wealth. The duties undertaken by convict police were more complex than the literature acknowledges and the claims of corruption and inefficiency made against police by the contemporary press are challenged. Ganged men maintained interactions with the general community outside their gangs, including complex trading and commercial transactions.
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39

Dillon, MC. "Convict labour and colonial society in the Campbell Town Police District : 1820-1839." Thesis, 2008. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/7777/1/01Front1.pdf.

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This thesis examines the lives of the convict workers who constituted the primary work force in the Campbell Town district in Van Diemen’s Land during the assignment period but focuses particularly on the 1830s. Over 1000 assigned men and women, ganged government convicts, convict police and ticket holders became the district’s unfree working class. Although studies have been completed on each of the groups separately, especially female convicts and ganged convicts, no holistic studies have investigated how convicts were integrated into a district as its multi-layered working class and the ways this affected their working and leisure lives and their interactions with their employers. Research has paid particular attention to the Lower Court records for 1835 to extract both quantitative data about the management of different groups of convicts, and also to provide more specific narratives about aspects of their work and leisure. Local administrative records from the Convict Department, the Colonial Secretary’s Office and the Engineers Department as well as the diaries and letters of colonists, accounts of travelers, almanacs and newspapers have also been used. Some key results proposed in the thesis include the following: Local magistrates had more varied and liberal middle class backgrounds than their contemporaries in New South Wales. They willingly became the governor’s agents of control over the convict work force, accepting his political authority, and remained primarily interested in increasing their wealth. The duties undertaken by convict police were more complex than the literature acknowledges and the claims of corruption and inefficiency made against police by the contemporary press are challenged. Ganged men maintained interactions with the general community outside their gangs, including complex trading and commercial transactions.
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40

Wu, Nan-chien, and 吳南茜. "A study on the architecture of police headquarters and police station in the cities of Taiwan during the Japanese Colonial Period(1895-1945)." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98433290485265121478.

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碩士
國立成功大學
建築學系
87
This thesis investigates how the administrative system and related affairs, such as the funding of public buildings, affect the architecture of police headquarters and police stations built during the Japanese Colonial Period, from 1895 to 1945. This thesis consists of two major parts. The first explores the police system in the Japanese Colonial Period. The other examines the locating and space organization of police headquarters and police stations against their functional requirements and studies in detail the construction and architectural forms of these buildings. The key findings of this research are: ◎Police headquarters will always be in the city center, adjacent to public buildings such as county hall, city office, and the court. ◎The building of police headquarters is funded by the state, designed by the construction department of the Office of the Premier Supervisor of Taiwan. ◎The styles of these buildings generally reflect building trends at the time when they were built. ◎The spatial organization and building forms of such buildings are predominantly controlled by functional requirements. ◎Accessibility to the general public and adjacency to local public buildings generally determine the location of police stations. They are usually on street corners rather than at the geographical centers of any districts. ◎Police stations are generally designed by local construction offices. The building of police stations is funded by the state in conjunction with donations from local residents. ◎Police stations are, in spatial terms, simple and composed of offices, residential halls, a room for fire fighting equipment and so forth.
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41

Huang, Tu Wen, and 涂紋凰. "An Analysis of Depictions of Police Officers in Aboriginal Language Textbooks During Japanese Colonial Rule from 1905 to 1933." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/467r89.

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碩士
輔仁大學
跨文化研究所翻譯學碩士班
103
This study examines depictions of police officers by Taiwanese aboriginals during Japanese colonial rule. For this purpose, aboriginal language textbooks published by the Japanese policemen from the years 1905 to 1933 were collected and analyzed.   In 1903, the central police department was given responsibility for implementing the Japanese government’s policies toward the aboriginals. It was thus that the police system was introduced into aboriginal society.   The existing social structure of the aboriginals at the time contained no concept comparable to that of police. However, to meet the needs of managing the colony, Japan used the police to oversee aboriginal areas, and gradually extended police powers. Based on this context, the present study compiled a corpus from aboriginal language textbooks published between 1905 and 1933. With additional analysis of historical documents from the period and the historical background, this study investigates what image the Taiwanese aboriginals had of the police.   This study concludes that there were three major images of police from the perspective of aboriginals: 1. That of the commander, who is self~important and demeaning to aboriginals. The dialogues from aboriginal language textbooks can be classified as having two major types of tone: an ordering tone, a self~important and a patronizing tone. Of the two, ordering accounts for over one third of the dialogues. 2. That of a role whose main function was to give orders, monitor, and threaten. From an analysis of dialogues it is apparent that, despite the fact that the colonial situation in each aboriginal area was different, the police mostly employed ordering, monitoring, and threatening as methods to maintain control. 3. That of “the Japanese” or “the Other” in the broadest sense of the term “police”, or of “patrol officers” in its narrowest. When compared with its use in the Hakka language, the term “police” in the aboriginal languages contained more meanings and more fine distinctions.  本稿は日本統治時代に台湾で出版された蕃語集を対象として、台湾の先住民族から見た「警察」のイメージを論じる。  1903年、台湾総督府警察本署は理蕃事業を開始した。これによって、警察システムが正式に先住民族の社会に導入された。  先住民族の既存社会制度において、警察に似たコンセプトは存在していない。しかし、日本政府は殖民地を管理するため、蕃地の管理人として警察を配置し、警察の権力を拡大した。この状況を背景とし、本稿では日本統治時代(1905年から1933年)に出版された蕃語集を研究対象として、対訳内容をコーパスデータに収集し、さらに当時の資料を併せて分析することにより、被殖民側の視点で先住民族から見た警察のイメージを探る。  研究の結果、日本統治時代の先住民族から見た警察のイメージは以下の三大特徴を具えることがわかった。  一、尊大な命令者:蕃語集の会話は語気が、命令、尊大に集中し、特に命令のセンテンスが三分の一を超えた。  二、主な機能は使役、監視及び脅迫:各地域の蕃地管理状況は異なっていても、先住民族をコントロールするために、警察の機能が使役、監視及び脅迫を主体とするが会話分析から判明した。  三、「警察」という言葉の表現が多様且つ詳細:「警察」の訳語は種族を指す「日本人」・「他人」から階級を表す「巡査」まで多様な表現がある。客家語と比較しても意味がより広く、警察に対する描写も極めて細かい。
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42

Bernard, Dominique. "La commission d'enquête sur des opérations policières en territoire québécois : portée réelle et limites du rapport Keable." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1092/1/M10390.pdf.

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Le présent travail de recherche traite de la Commission d'enquête sur des opérations policières en territoire québécois (Commission Keable). Durant les années 1970, le Juge Jean F. Keable a été mandaté par le gouvernement du Parti québécois pour faire enquête sur une série d'événements impliquant principalement la GRC dans une campagne de surveillance et de provocation des groupes de la gauche « indépendantiste » québécoise. Le rapport de la Commission d'enquête présidée par le Juge Keable est paru le 6 mars 1981 et malgré la démonstration d' irrégularités au sein des opérations policières menées par la Gendarmerie Royale du Canada, le rapport de la Commission semble avoir eu peu d'impact politique réel. Nous avons voulu savoir pourquoi les recommandations du commissaire Keable avaient été ignorées. Selon l'étendue de nos recherches, le Rapport Keable n'a pas été suivi d'effets significatifs en raison de plusieurs facteurs qui s'expliquent principalement par la conjoncture historique et politique des années 1970 et 1980. Nous avons donc relevé trois obstacles à l'enquête susceptibles d'expliquer la réception restreinte du rapport: le choix de la méthode d'enquête et l'objet d'étude (les corps policiers), le manque de coopération des acteurs cités à comparaître devant la Commission et la neutralisation politique et judiciaire exercée par le gouvernement fédéral. Nous avons choisi de diviser notre travail en deux parties. La première expose l'historique ainsi qu'une analyse du rapport de la Commission d'enquête Keable. Quant à la seconde, elle porte sur les obstacles ayant limité l'enquête et la réception du rapport. Nous terminons notre analyse par une série de remarques et de conclusions suite à l'ensemble de notre démarche. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Rapport de la Commission d'enquête sur des opérations policières en territoire québécois, Commission Keable, Commission d'enquête.
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43

CHENG-CHANG, LEE, and 李政昌. "From the View of System-Extension Review the Transformation of Taiwan’s Police Station---Compare the Function and Role Transform of Taiwan’s Police Station Between the Japan Colonial Period and the Taiwan Modern Time." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52338452544621253535.

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碩士
國立暨南國際大學
公共行政與政策學系
95
All system has its continuity, so is the police substation system. Taiwan police substation established since Japanese colonization period, it deeply influence the modern police substation and the development of the whole police's system in Taiwan. This has its historical, cultural and political background. This thesis examines the dilemma of the function and role transformation in the innovation of Taiwan police substation system. Firstly, this research analyses the transformation of Taiwan police substation system through three main periods of Taiwan police substation system - Japan colonize period, Martial Law Period, Normalization period. Secondly, this research try to investigate several different elements of institutionalization such as political and economic environment, quantity and distribution of the police station, structural relation, function and role, the law basis of the establishment, the operation and organization regulation, community relationship, organization culture and symbol, etc., in order to explore the complete picture of the transformation of Taiwan police substation system. Furthermore, from comparing the above-mentioned analyses, discuss the development of the system. Finally, the development and change of the modern Japan police substation system was introduced into this thesis. And, the contrast between modern Japan and Taiwan police substation system was made in order to find out the solutions of the problem in the innovation of Taiwan police substation system. Through the research we found out that although Taiwan experience great changes in politic, economic and societal since Japan Colonizes Period, however, the role and function of Taiwan police substation haven’t change very much accordingly. Not until in recent years, under the impact of the ideological trend of democratization, Taiwan police substation begin to emphasize the concept of the public service and actively walk into the community. Nevertheless, generally speaking, this did not have big influence on the whole system. Key words:Police Substation, Japan Colonizes Period, Police Substation System
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44

chun, chen, and 陳俊安. "Analysis of Taiwan Governor-General Demanded Hakka Society at The Hsinchu State in Japanese Colonial Period —Take “The Friend of Police” for Example." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59036015558665696569.

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碩士
國立中央大學
客家社會文化研究所
100
As for Japanese citizens living in Taiwan, their understandings about the Hakka ethnicity were based on impressions derived from the Taiwan Chronicle and those from the West. This research looks into sources of two main categories: historical documentations, as well as Japanese’ impressions on the Hakka ethnicity coming from daily experiences in living with the Hakka people. Especially the Japanese police who had real-life interactions with the Hakka people so as to acquire much more complete records on their lives and culture. Over all, the Japanese hold positive impressions on the Hakka society, such had been selected and shaped by the Japanese colonialists in forming an upbeat image on the Hakka ethnicity. The HsinChu state local government published an official newspaper “The Friend of Police” to report local business and to study the professional field of the police. As an experimental vanguard newspaper, not only did it construct a knowledge system but it also helped to train colonial governors to be more professional and know better about their local areas, which gradually built into a policy. As the colonial governors got into the rule of Taiwan deeper and deeper, the ethnic group of Hakka living in the mountain region became the main subject of study. Whether the governors could build a Hakka knowledge system or not was concerned with the success in their governance, and the learning of Hakka language became the important framework of the Hakka knowledge system. “The Friend of Police” was in itself an official mouthpiece which was mainly written in the point of view of the governors. Thus we can get a glimpse of the Japanese governors’ viewpoints at that time and how the policies made an impact on the local people. Looking into the Hakka language teaching materials for the police, we can see the Japanese colonials’ subtle intervention in Taiwan people’s life, which not only represented their natural mind but also displayed their image of authority during the procedure of enforcing the law. Such entire image came from having the knowledge of their colonial subjects in hand. By the use of control, and with the help of manipulating the law, Taiwanese were thus disciplined and reformed by the Japanese.
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45

(9863390), RJ Mcconnell. "'Marks of civilisation': A social history of the law in the Rockhampton district, 1858-1878." Thesis, 2002. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/_Marks_of_civilisation_A_social_history_of_the_law_in_the_Rockhampton_district_1858-1878/13458404.

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Historical studies investigating the interrelationships between the law and the society in which it operates have burgeoned over the past two decades. Earlier works tended to consider the operation of the law as a discrete area, best examined in biographies of judicial figures or in analyses of specific laws over time. More recent studies recognise that the complex interaction between the operation of the law and the life of the community in which it is applied is an important area of research. Nevertheless, the idea that colonial Australian law was wholly dependent upon English law and tradition is not long dead, and more attention is required regarding how law was shaped by its application in regional and frontier Australian colonial communities. Indeed, regional studies are vital to establish how the law was adopted or adapted to suit diverse Australian colonial conditions. This dissertation investigates the establishment and operation of the law in Rockhampton and district, Central Queensland, in the twenty years from the proclamation of the town in 1858. It examines a variety of aspects of the development and application of law in the region, including proceedings of the higher courts that visited the town and the lower petty courts controlled by local honorary and stipendiary magistrates; the functioning of the town police and local detachments of the native mounted police force; the development and administration of municipal law; and the responses of the Rockhampton community to the law as it was perceived in the regional setting. The frequently tense and fraught relationship between the community and colonial law-makers is analysed; an expectation in Rockhampton that the law should evolve in a manner that best suited the progress of the town caused friction with the capital. The dissertation also focuses on how the law was applied to the vulnerable and marginalised, in particular wives, children, morally suspect women, Aborigines, immigrants and servants. The idea that the law should serve progress and respond flexibly to circumstances had damaging consequences for those regarded as detrimental to the 'civilised' social and economic development of town and district.
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46

Miller, Bradley. "Emptying the Den of Thieves: International Fugitives and the Law in British North America/Canada, 1819-1910." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/32772.

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This thesis examines how the law dealt with international fugitives. It focuses on formal extradition and the cross-border abduction of wanted criminals by police officers and other state officials. Debates over extradition and abduction reflected important issues of state power and civil liberty, and were shaped by currents of thought circulating throughout the imperial, Atlantic, and common law worlds. Debates over extradition involved questioning the very basis of international law. They also raised difficult questions about civil liberties and human rights. Throughout this period escaped American slaves and other groups made claims for what we would now call refugee status, and argued that their surrender violated codes of law and ideas of justice that transcended the colonies and even the wider British Empire. Such claims sparked a decades-long debate in North America and Europe over how to codify refugee protections. Ultimately, Britain used its imperial power to force Canada to accept such safeguards. Yet even as the formal extradition system developed, an informal system of police abductions operated in the Canadian-American borderlands. This system defied formal law, but it also manifested sophisticated local ideas about community justice and transnational legal order. This thesis argues that extradition and abduction must be understood within three overlapping contexts. The first is the ethos of liberal transnationalism that permeated all levels of state officials in British North America/Canada. This view largely prioritised the erosion of domestic barriers to international cooperation over the protection of individual liberty. It was predicated in large part on the idea of a common North American civilization. The second context is Canada’s place in the British Empire. Extradition and abduction highlight both how British North America/Canada often expounded views on legal order radically different from Britain, but also that even after Confederation in 1867 the empire retained real power to shape Canadian policy. The final context is international law and international legal order. Both extradition and abduction were aspects of law on an international and transnational level. As a result, this thesis examines the processes of migration, adoption, and adaptation of international law.
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47

Baloun, Pavel. ""Cikáni, metla venkova!" Tvorba a uplatňování proticikánských opatření v meziválečném Československu, za druhé republiky a v počáteční fázi Protektorátu Čechy a Morava (1918-1941)." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-434851.

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On December 22, 1926, an opening ceremony of the so-called Gypsy school was held in Uzhhorod, the capital of the Czechoslovak administration in Carpathian Ruthenia. Czech officials who gave talks pointed out pedagogical significance of the established institution which they described as unique and exceptional "experiment". The creation of a special school for children of those inhabitants who were labelled as "Gypsies" on the territory which was annexed by Czechoslovakia only later after the First World War and which in the contemporary imagination represented specific, "backward" region of the newly established state, served to consolidate the legitimacy of the First Republic as a democratic, progressive, modern, liberal state which belonged to the developed and civilized West. More than a half year later, on July 14, 1927, representatives in the Czechoslovak Parliament in Prague passed the Act No. 117/1927 on Wandering Gypsies. The development of this law was related to an immense interest of the contemporary media in "Gypsies" which was encouraged by the arrest of approximately twenty "Gypsies" from a village located in East Slovakia. They were charged of numerous robberies and murders. In contrast to the situation shortly after the First World War when the central Czechoslovak authorities...
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