Journal articles on the topic 'GEC parameters'
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Goswami, A. P., B. Prasad, and V. C. Joshi. "Characterization of finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] germplasm for morphological parameters under field conditions." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 836–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i2.692.
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The trial was conducted at the research block of Crop Improvement, GBPUAT, Hill Campus, Ranichauri using randomized block design (RBD) to characterize finger millet germplasm for morphological characters viz., plant height, flag leaf length, number of tiller plant-1, number of finger ear-1, ear length, no. of grain finger-1, no. of grain ear-1 and grain yield plant-1. Among all germplasms, number of finger ear-1, number of grain finger-1 and grain yield plant-1(g) had recorded highest in VL 149 which were 9.96, 150.66, 2.63 g respectively. The germplasm GEC 1406 attained lowest plant height (75.89 cm), GEC 961 had recorded higher flag leaf length (40.96 cm), GEC 268 had recorded maximum number of tiller plant-1 (3.30), GEC 199 had recorded higher ear length (9.20 cm), GEC 1044 had recorded maximum number of grain ear-1 (663) among all germplasm of finger millet. This study is helpful to identify superior germplasm so they can be used for further finger millet crop improvement programs.
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Kizyakov, Alexander, Marina Leibman, Mikhail Zimin, Anton Sonyushkin, Yury Dvornikov, Artem Khomutov, Damien Dhont, Eric Cauquil, Vladimir Pushkarev, and Yulia Stanilovskaya. "Gas Emission Craters and Mound-Predecessors in the North of West Siberia, Similarities and Differences." Remote Sensing 12, no. 14 (July 8, 2020): 2182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12142182.
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Detailed analysis of five gas emission craters (GEC) found in the north of West Siberia is presented. Remote sensing data used in the study is verified by field surveys. Previous studies show that all of the GECs were preceded by mounds 2 to 6 m high and 20 to 55 m in diameter. GECs initially were 20–25 m in diameter, which increased in the first years of their existence. GECs are found in various environmental (shrublands or moss-grass tundra) and geomorphic (river valley, terrace, slopes) conditions. The objective of the paper is to identify common and differing geomorphologic and environmental characteristics of all the five GEC, and their mound-predecessors. The study is based on a compilation of DSMs before and after the GEC formation using very high-resolution satellite imagery stereo pairs compared to ArcticDEM project data. Diversity of terrain and environmental settings along with rather a narrow range of GEC and mound-predecessor morphometric parameters allows concluding that the mechanism of GEC formation is most likely similar for all the GEC and is controlled rather by internal geologic and cryolithologic structure than by any surface properties.
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Azma, Aliasghar, Esmaeil Narreie, Abouzar Shojaaddini, Nima Kianfar, Ramin Kiyanfar, Seyed Mehdi Seyed Alizadeh, and Afshin Davarpanah. "Statistical Modeling for Spatial Groundwater Potential Map Based on GIS Technique." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 29, 2021): 3788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073788.
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In arid and semi-arid lands like Iran water is scarce, and not all the wastewater can be treated. Hence, groundwater remains the primary and the principal source of water supply for human consumption. Therefore, this study attempted to spatially assess the groundwater potential in an aquifer in a semi-arid region of Iran using geographic information systems (GIS)-based statistical modeling. To this end, 75 agricultural wells across the Marvdasht Plain were sampled, and the water samples’ electrical conductivity (EC) was measured. To model the groundwater quality, multiple linear regression (MLR) and principal component regression (PCR) coupled with elven environmental parameters (soil-topographical parameters) were employed. The results showed that that soil EC (SEC) with Beta = 0.78 was selected as the most influential factor affecting groundwater EC (GEC). CaCO3 of soil samples and length-steepness (LS factor) were the second and third effective parameters. SEC with r = 0.89 and CaCO3 with r = 0.79 and LS factor with r = 0.69 were also characterized for PC1. According to performance criteria, the MLR model with R2 = 0.94, root mean square error (RMSE) = 450 µScm−1 and mean error (ME) = 125 µScm−1 provided better results in predicting the GEC. The GEC map indicated that 16% of the Marvdasht groundwater was not suitable for agriculture. It was concluded that GIS, combined with statistical methods, could predict groundwater quality in the semi-arid regions.
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Mohrman, D. E., and L. J. Heller. "Transcapillary adenosine transport in isolated guinea pig and rat hearts." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 259, no. 3 (September 1, 1990): H772—H783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1990.259.3.h772.
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Transcapillary adenosine transport was studied in isolated guinea pig and rat hearts perfused with a colloid-free solution. High-performance liquid chromatography techniques were used to measure adenosine concentration of venous and interstitial (epicardial surface) fluid during steady-state perfusion with various concentrations of adenosine. A mathematical model was used to analyze these data to obtain estimates of the following parameters of transcapillary adenosine transport: PSg, permeability-surface area product for adenosine movement through interendothelial cell channels; PSecl, permeability-surface area product for adenosine movement through the luminal plasma membrane of endothelial cells; and Gec, clearance rate constant for endothelial cell metabolism and/or sequestration of adenosine. In both guinea pig and rat hearts, PSg was estimated to be less than or equal to 3 ml.min-1.g-1. Estimates of PSecl and Gec of guinea pig hearts (7.2 +/- 0.4 and 230 +/- 157 ml.min-1.g-1) were significantly less than those of rat hearts (66 +/- 11 and 2,490 +/- 1,360 ml.min-1.g-1). That PSecl is greater than PSg in both species indicates that endothelial cells represent an important pathway for transcapillary adenosine transport. That Gec is much greater than PSecl in both species implies that endothelial cells act as a sink for adenosine from surrounding areas. Our results indicate that endothelium is a stronger sink for adenosine in rat hearts than in guinea pig hearts. Inosine infusion (10(-4)M) had little effect on the estimated PSecl and Gec in guinea pig hearts but reduced these parameters several-fold in rat hearts, suggesting that different transport mechanisms for adenosine exist in endothelia of guinea pig and rat hearts.
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Schadewaldt, Peter, Bernd Schommartz, Gregor Wienrich, Herbert Brösicke, Ralf Piolot, and Dan Ziegler. "Application of isotope-selective nondispersive infrared spectrometry (IRIS) for evaluation of [13C]octanoic acid gastric-emptying breath tests: comparison with isotope ratio–mass spectrometry (IRMS)." Clinical Chemistry 43, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 518–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/43.3.518.
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Abstract Suitability of isotope-selective nondispersive infrared spectrometry (IRIS) for evaluation of [13C]octanoic acid gastric-emptying breath test was assessed and compared with standard isotope ratio–mass spectrometry (IRMS). The estimated bias of IRMS and IRIS measurements of baseline-corrected 13CO2exhalation amounted to ± 0.1 and ± 0.6 Δδ values (n = 360), respectively. In breath tests performed on 60 diabetic patients, the gastric emptying parameters were calculated by nonlinear regression analysis of the time course of 13CO2exhalation: half-emptying time (t1/2,breath, 90 ± 39 min), lag phase (tlag,breath, 34 ± 27 min), and gastric emptying coefficient (GEC, 2.9 ± 0.5). A reasonable linear correlation was found between the two methods (y = IRIS, x = IRMS) with respect to Δδ values (y = 0.35 + 0.92x, r = 0.985, Sy|x = ±0.6, n = 1116) and a rather good agreement of the computed gastric emptying parameters was obtained (t1/2,breath: y = 0.99x + 4.06, Sy|x = ±6.3; tlag,breath: y = 0.97x + 0.96, Sy|x = ±3.4; GEC: y = 0.97x − 0.01, Sy|x = ±0.09).
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Schoennemann, Katrine Rahbek, Mette K. N. Yilmaz, Jon Kroll Bjerregaard, Helle Anita Jensen, Kirsten Marie Nielsen, Lene Weber Vestermark, and Per Pfeiffer. "Cetuximab in combination with irinotecan as second-line treatment in patients with platinum-resistant gastroesophageal cancer (GEC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2012): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.4_suppl.101.
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101 Background: Inspired by the promising results seen in patients (pts) with chemo-resistant metastatic colorectal cancer we evaluated a biweekly schedule of cetuximab (cet) and irinotecan (iri) (Cetiri) (Pfeiffer et al. Ann Oncol 2008) in platinum resistant GEC. Methods: We treated and evaluated 111 consecutive pts with histological verified GEC adenocarcinoma and documented failure to first-line platinum-based treatment. Pts received cet 500 mg/m2 and iri 180 mg/m2 day 1 every 2nd week until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Toxicity was evaluated according to NCI-CTCAE v. 3.0. Response rate (RR) was evaluated according to RECIST v. 1.0 every 8th week. Clinical parameters and blood samples at baseline were analyzed in order to find prognostic and predictive values for prolonged overall survival (OS). Results: Pts were included from December 2007 to August 2010. Median age was 61 years (range 33-80). Performance status (PS) was 0-1 in 95 % of the pts. Thirty-six (46%) pts had more than two organs involved. Median number of courses was 8 (1-46). RR was 14% (2 CR, 13 PR) and 63% had stable disease for at least 2 months. Median PFS and OS were 3.2 months (CI 2-4) and 5.6 months (CI: 5-7) respectively. Seventy six (68%) pts had treatment induced skin toxicity, rash. In a univariate analysis PS 0-1, normal baseline haematology and skin rash was associated with significantly increased survival. These parameters retained significance in a multivariate analysis. One patient had a curative resection after end of treatment and four pts are still alive. Conclusions: Biweekly Cetiri is a convenient and well-tolerated second-line (SL) regimen in pts with GEC adenocarcinoma. Good performance status, normal baseline and development of skin rash indicate increased survival. Based on our findings biweekly Cetiri can be recommended as SL treatment to GEC pts in a good PS. Further studies into the role of rash are warranted.
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Schønnemann, Katrine Rahbek, Jon Kroll Bjerregaard, Mette K. N. Yilmaz, Helle Anita Jensen, Kirsten Marie Nielsen, Lene Weber Vestermark, and Per Pfeiffer. "Biweekly cetuximab in combination with irinotecan as second-line treatment in patients with platinum-resistant gastroesophageal cancer (GEC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e14517-e14517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e14517.
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e14517 Background: Inspired by the promising results seen in patients (pts) with chemo-resistant metastatic colorectal cancer we evaluated a biweekly schedule of cetuximab (cet) and irinotecan (iri) - (Cetiri) (Pfeiffer et al. Ann Oncol 2008) in platinum resistant GEC. Methods: We treated and evaluated 111 consecutive pts with histological verified GEC adenocarcinoma and documented failure to first-line platinum-based treatment. Pts received cet 500 mg/m2 and iri 180 mg/m2 day 1 every 2nd week until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Toxicity was evaluated according to NCI-CTCAE v. 3.0. Response rate (RR) was evaluated according to RECIST v. 1.0 every 8th week. Clinical parameters and blood samples at baseline were analyzed in order to find prognostic and predictive values for prolonged overall survival (OS). Results: Pts were included from December 2007 to August 2010. Median age was 63 years (range 33-81). Performance status (PS) was 0-1 in 95 % of the pts. Thirty-six (46%) pts had more than two organs involved. Median number of courses were 5 (1-46). RR was 13% (13 PR) and 48 % had stable disease for at least 2 months. Median PFS and OS were 3.3 months (CI 2-4) and 5.6 months (CI: 5-7) respectively. Seventy six (68%) pts had treatment induced skin toxicity, rash. In a univariate analysis PS 0-1, normal baseline haematology and skin rash was associated with significantly increased survival. These parameters retained significance in a multivariate analysis. One patient had a curative intended resection after 28 courses and had an overall survival at 29.5 months. Two pts are still alive. Conclusions: Biweekly Cetiri is a convenient and well-tolerated second-line (SL) regimen in pts with GEC adenocarcinoma. Good PS, normal baseline haematology and development of skin rash indicate increased survival. Based on our findings biweekly Cetiri can be recommended as SL treatment to GEC pts in a good PS. Further studies into the role of rash are warranted.
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Baumgaertner, A. J. G., G. M. Lucas, J. P. Thayer, and S. A. Mallios. "On the role of non-electrified clouds in the Global Electric Circuit." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 7 (April 15, 2014): 9815–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-9815-2014.
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Abstract. Non-electrified clouds in the fair-weather part of the Global Electric Circuit (GEC) reduce conductivity because of the limited mobility of charge due to attachment to cloud water droplets, effectively leading to a loss of ions. A high-resolution GEC model, which numerically solves the Poisson equation, is used to show that in the fair-weather region currents partially flow around non-electrified clouds, with current divergence above the cloud, and convergence below the cloud. An analysis of this effect is presented for various types of non-electrified clouds, i.e. for different altitude extents, and for different horizontal dimensions, finding that the effect is most pronounced for high clouds with a diameter below 100 km. Based on these results, a method to calculate column and global resistance is developed that can account for all cloud sizes and altitudes. The CESM1(WACCM) Earth System Model as well as ISCCP cloud data are used to calculate the effect of this phenomenon on global resistance. From CESM1(WACCM), it is found that when including non-electrified clouds in the fair-weather estimate of resistance the global resistance increases by up to 73%, depending on the parameters used. Using ISCCP cloud cover leads to an even larger increase, which is likely to be overestimated because of time-averaging of cloud cover. Neglecting current divergence/convergence around small clouds overestimates global resistance by up to 20%, whereas the method introduced by previous studies underestimates global resistance by up to 40%. For global GEC models, a conductivity parametrization is developed to account for the current divergence/convergence phenomenon around non-electrified clouds. Conductivity simulations from CESM1(WACCM) using this parametrization are presented.
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Baumgaertner, A. J. G., G. M. Lucas, J. P. Thayer, and S. A. Mallios. "On the role of clouds in the fair weather part of the global electric circuit." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 16 (August 25, 2014): 8599–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8599-2014.
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Abstract. Clouds in the fair weather return path of the global electric circuit (GEC) reduce conductivity because of the limited mobility of charge due to attachment to cloud water droplets, effectively leading to a loss of ions. A high-resolution GEC model, which numerically solves the current continuity equation in combination with Ohm's law, is used to show that return currents partially flow around clouds, with current divergence above the cloud and convergence below the cloud. An analysis of this effect is presented for various types of clouds, i.e., for different altitude extents and for different horizontal dimensions, finding that the effect is most pronounced for high clouds with a diameter below 100 km. Based on these results, a method to calculate column and global resistance is developed that can account for all cloud sizes and altitudes. The CESM1(WACCM) (Community Earth System Model – Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model) as well as ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project) cloud data are used to calculate the effect of this phenomenon on global resistance. From CESM1(WACCM), it is found that when including clouds in the estimate of resistance the global resistance increases by up to 73%, depending on the parameters used. Using ISCCP cloud cover leads to an even larger increase, which is likely to be overestimated because of time averaging of cloud cover. Neglecting current divergence/convergence around small clouds overestimates global resistance by up to 20% whereas the method introduced by previous studies underestimates global resistance by up to 40%. For global GEC models, a~conductivity parameterization is developed to account for the current divergence/convergence phenomenon around clouds. Conductivity simulations from CESM1(WACCM) using this parameterization are presented.
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Rajole, Sangamesh, K. S. Ravishankar, and S. M. Kulkarni. "Study on Ballistic Energy Absorption Capability of Glass-Epoxy and Jute-Epoxy-Rubber Sandwich Composites." Materials Science Forum 928 (August 2018): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.928.14.
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High velocity impact analysis of natural fiber reinforced composites is essential as the trend is focused towards the development of light weight, environment-friendly, non-corrosive and economical materials. At present, the defence, aerospace and automobile sectors are using synthetic fiber composites which are expensive and non-eco-friendly. In the present study ballistic impact of jute-epoxy (JEC), glass-epoxy (GEC), jute-epoxy-rubber (JERC) sandwich composites are simulated with different thickness (1, 2 and 3 mm) and velocity variations (100, 200 and 300m/s) using Finite Element analysis software. Although different approaches to the analysis of the effect response of composite structures are available, numerical modeling is based on strict constitutive models is often preferred because it can provide valuable detailed information about the spatial and temporal distribution of damage during the impact. The ballistic parameters such as energy absorption, ballistic limit and fracture behaviors are predicted. The composite is made of 8 noded linear brick elements and the bullet/projectile is modeled as a discrete rigid element in which deformation behavior, energy absorption and penetration behaviors obtained are clearly represented. The simulation results predicted match well with the analytical results obtained. Among all the combination of the materials simulated, the sandwiches have better ballistic qualities. Energy absorption of sandwich (JERC) was found 67 percentage higher than GEC and 56 percentage higher than JEC laminate. In future, these materials can be the alternative materials for defence sector for bullet proofing.
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Gulyaeva, Tamara, Manuel Hernández-Pajares, and Iwona Stanislawska. "Ionospheric Weather at Two Starlink Launches during Two-Phase Geomagnetic Storms." Sensors 23, no. 15 (August 7, 2023): 7005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23157005.
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The launch of a series of Starlink internet satellites on 3 February 2022 (S-36), and 7 July 2022 (S-49), coincided with the development of two-phase geomagnetic storms. The first launch S-36 took place in the middle of the moderate two-phase space weather storm, which induced significant technological consequences. After liftoff on 3 February at 18:13 UT, all Starlink satellites reached an initial altitude of 350 km in perigee and had to reach an altitude of ~550 km after the maneuver. However, 38 of 49 launched spacecrafts did not reach the planned altitude, left orbit due to increased drag and reentered the atmosphere on 8 February. A geomagnetic storm on 3–4 February 2022 has increased the density of the neutral atmosphere up to 50%, increasing drag of the satellites and dooming most of them. The second launch of S-49 at 13:11 UT on 7 July 2022 was successful at the peak of the two-phase geomagnetic storm. The global ionospheric maps of the total electron content (GIM-TEC) have been used to produce the ionospheric weather GIM-W index maps and Global Electron Content (GEC). We observed a GEC increment from 10 to 24% for the storm peak after the Starlink launch at both storms, accompanying the neutral density increase identified earlier. GIM-TEC maps are available with a lag (delay) of 1–2 days (real-time GIMs have a lag less than 15 min), so the GIMs forecast is required by the time of the launch. Comparisons of different GIMs forecast techniques are provided including the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE), Beijing (BADG and CASG) and IZMIRAN (JPRG) 1- and 2-day forecasts, and the Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (UPC-ionSAT) forecast for 6, 12, 18, 24 and 48 h in advance. We present the results of the analysis of evolution of the ionospheric parameters during both events. The poor correspondence between observed and predicted GIM-TEC and GEC confirms an urgent need for the industry–science awareness of now-casting/forecasting/accessibility of GIM-TECs during the space weather events.
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Chen, Ting, Yanan Zheng, Lorin Roskos, and Donald E. Mager. "Predicting overall survival (OS) and overall response (OR) following durvalumab treatment in patients with multiple cancer types using a hybrid modeling strategy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e15161-e15161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e15161.
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e15161 Background: This study aimed to predict OS/OR and identify key predictors in patients with diverse cancer types treated with durvalumab, a PD-L1 targeting monoclonal antibody, using a hybrid modeling strategy that combines population pharmacodynamic (PD) modeling and machine learning (ML) algorithms. Methods: Individual longitudinal tumor size measurements and OS/OR data were available for 855 patients who received durvalumab therapy (10 mg/kg Q2W or 20 mg/kg Q4W; NCT01693562). Nine cancer types included non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), bladder cancer (BC), microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), gastroesophageal cancer (GEC), ovarian cancer (OC), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). A tumor kinetic model was developed to characterize diverse temporal profiles using a population-based modeling approach. Individual estimated tumor kinetic model parameters and patient demographic/physiological factors were used as inputs for predicting OS/OR using several ML approaches. Results: The final tumor kinetic model with liver metastasis (LM), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), tumor size at baseline (TBSL) and cancer types as covariates characterized the temporal tumor size data well. HCC and MSI-H cancer have the slowest tumor growth rate constant (kg), while GEC, SCCHN and TNBC have the fastest kg. BC, NSCLC and OC have the highest tumor killing rate constant. The most important predictors of OS identified by ML approach were tumor kinetic parameters (kg, fraction of drug-sensitive cells, time-delay in immune response), along with baseline disease factors, including hemoglobin (HGBBL), albumin (ALB), and NLR. Decision tree-based algorithms showed the best performance in predicting OR with accuracy above 90%. In addition to tumor kinetic parameters, PD-L1 expression on tumor cells (TC) and ALB were the most important predictors of OR. Conclusions: A combined population PD/ML approach showed good predictions of OS/OR in patients with different cancer types treated with durvalumab. LM, NLR,TBSL and cancer types were found to be important factors for tumor kinetics. In addition to tumor kinetic parameters, HGBBL, ALB, and NLR were found to be important predictors of OS, and TC and ALB were found to be important predictors of OR. These findings could provide a guidance on patient selection in future clinical trials.
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Zoita, C. N., C. E. A. Grigorescu, I. C. Vasiliu, and I. D. Feraru. "Influence of process parameters on structure and optical properties of GeC thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering." Thin Solid Films 519, no. 12 (April 2011): 4101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2011.01.204.
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Hadi, M. A., M. Roknuzzaman, F. Parvin, S. H. Naqib, A. K. M. A. Islam, and M. Aftabuzzaman. "New MAX Phase Superconductor Ti2GeC: A First-principles Study." Journal of Scientific Research 6, no. 1 (December 25, 2013): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i1.16604.
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This is the first DFT-based first-principles prediction of the detailed optical and thermodynamic properties, including Vickers hardness and Fermi surface of 211 MAX phase Ti2GeC for which superconductivity (Tc~ 9.5 K) was reported very recently. The calculated structural properties are in excellent agreement with experiments. Our results on elastic parameters indicate a slight elastic anisotropy and brittleness of the compound. The chemical bonding is seen to be a combination of covalent, ionic and metallic nature. The rather stronger covalent bonding is responsible for its high Vickers hardness of 11.6 GPa. The investigated Fermi surface is formed mainly by the low-dispersive bands, which should be responsible for the presence of superconductivity in Ti2GeC. All the optical properties are evaluated and analyzed for two different polarization directions of incident photon. The temperature and pressure dependence of primitive cell volume, thermal expansion coefficient, specific heats, bulk modulus, and Debye temperature of Ti2GeC are derived from the quasi-harmonic Debye model with phononic effect and the various implications are discussed in details. Keywords: First-principles calculation; Vickers hardness; Optical properties; Thermodynamic properties. © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i1.16604 J. Sci. Res. 6 (1), 11-27 (2014)
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Jagtap, V., A. Mawlong, U. Mahantshetty, S. Jamema, R. Engineer, S. Chopra, D. Deshpande, and S. K. Shrivastava. "634 poster CT IMAGE BASED DOSIMETRIC EVALUATION OF GYN GEC-ESTRO DVH PARAMETERS FOR HDR BRACHYTHERAPY IN CERVICAL CANCERS." Radiotherapy and Oncology 99 (May 2011): S258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(11)70756-3.
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Betiku, Anthony O., Adeola O. Onakoya, Olufisayo T. Aribaba, and Omodele O. Jagun. "Relationship between axial length, keratometry and central corneal thickness in patients with refractive errors at a teaching hospital in Southwest, Nigeria." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 8, no. 11 (October 26, 2021): 1657. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20214128.
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Background: Aim of the study was to determine the relationship between axial length (AL), keratometry and central corneal thickness (CCT), and refractive errors in adult patients attending the Guinness eye centre (GEC), Lagos university teaching hospital (LUTH) Idi-Araba, Lagos.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among consecutive patients aged 16 years and above with refractive errors attending the GEC, LUTH. Ocular parameters measured included AL, anterior corneal curvature, CCT and refractive errors. AL and keratometry were measured with IOL master and CCT with ultrasonic A scan pachymeter. Refraction was done with auto-refractor-keratometer. Data analysis was done with statistical package for social science (SPSS) 20. Results: A total of 394 patients were studied, 157 males and 237 females. The age range was 16-65 years, mean -37.9±13.3 years and median -36.5 years. There were more myopic patients 215 (54.6%) than hyper-metropes 179 (45.4%). The mean AL was 23.9±1.1 mm and eyes with longer AL were more likely to be myopic (r=-0.676, p<0.001); to have flatter cornea (r=0.519, p<0.001) and thicker cornea (r=0.149, p=0.003). The mean CCT was 520.3±31.0 µm. There was a weak negative correlation between CCT and refractive error (r=-0.111, p=0.027).Conclusions: The mean CCT was lower than the mean CCT of other Nigerian studies. Hypermetropic patients were more likely to have thinner corneas. This may lead to underestimation of intraocular pressure (IOP) in these patients. Significant correlation was seen between AL and refractive error, CCT and keratometry. AL correlated with less spherical equivalent refractive error, flatter and thicker cornea. It is therefore important to measure the CCT of all patients going for refractive surgery to detect those at risk of developing corneal ectasia following refractive surgery.
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MAHMOOD, A., L. E. SANSORES, and J. HEIRAS. "BULK MODULUS CALCULATIONS FOR GROUP-IV CARBIDES AND GROUP-III NITRIDES." Modern Physics Letters B 18, no. 24 (October 20, 2004): 1247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984904007736.
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Wide band gap semiconductors such as group-IV carbides ( SiC , GeC ) and group-III nitrides ( AlN , GaN and BN ) are known to be important materials for novel semiconductor applications. They also have interesting mechanical properties such as having a particularly high value for their bulk modulus and are therefore potential candidates for hard coatings. In this paper we report the theoretical calculations for the bulk modulus for zincblende and wurzite polytypes of these materials. The Density Functional and Total-energy Pseudopotential Techniques in the Generalized Gradient approximation, an ab initio quantum mechanical method, is used to obtain the theoretical structure, from which equilibrium lattice parameters and volume of the cell versus pressure may be extracted. The Murnaghan's equation of state is then used to calculate bulk modulus under elastic deformation, which is related to the hardness of a material under certain conditions. The results for bulk modulus are compared with other theoretical and experimental values reported in the literature.
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Chi, Alexander, Mingcheng Gao, and Kevin Albuquerque. "3D-image-based treatment planning for gynecological interstitial brachytherapy (IB) with GEC-ESTRO Working Group recommended dose volume parameters: Initial experience." Brachytherapy 6, no. 2 (April 2007): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brachy.2007.02.071.
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Pompos, Arnold, Benjamin Shahabi-Azad, Michael Speiser, Abel Moron, Jayanthi Lea, and Kevin Albuquerque. "Correlation of Severe (Grade 3-4) Late Recto-Sigmoid and Bladder Toxicity in Archival Patients with GEC-ESTRO OAR Dose-Volume Parameters." Brachytherapy 12 (March 2013): S50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brachy.2013.01.097.
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Li, Jin, Chenchen Wang, Qin Su, Yanong Wang, Yingqiang Shi, Menghong Sun, Lian Liu, et al. "The prognostic significance of MET overexpression in Chinese patients with gastric adenocarcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2014): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.3_suppl.53.
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53 Background: MET, receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), has been proposed as a therapeutic target in gastroesophageal cancer (GEC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate MET expression in Chinese patients with resectable gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma and to correlate expression with clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis. Methods: MET protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in paraffin-embedded tissues from resected tumor specimens. MET IHC was conducted using the CONFIRM SP44 anti-MET monoclonal antibody (Ventana Medical Systems Inc., Tucson, AZ). Four MET IHC scores were defined: 3+ (≥50% of tumor cells staining with strong intensity); 2+ (≥50% of tumor cells with moderate or higher staining, but <50% with strong intensity); 1+ (≥50% of tumor cells with weak or higher staining, but <50% with moderate or higher intensity); or 0 (no staining, or <50% of tumor cells with any intensity) (Spigel et al, J Clin Oncol 2011;29:Suppl, Abst 7505). Kaplan-Meier was used to estimate OS and differences between MET subgroups were compared using the log-rank test. Univariate survival analysis was performed using the stratified Cox model. Results: 442 resected gastric adenocarcinoma samples were collected from patients who underwent surgery between Sept 2007 and Feb 2010. After excluding patients with missing survival, MET, tumor location, differentiation status and stage data, 362 samples were analyzed. Stage II and III accounted for 23% and 59%, respectively. MET prevalence by IHC was: 3+, 5.5%; 2+, 19.6%; 1+, 37.0%; 0, 37.9%. At the OS cut-off, 15 Apr 2012, median follow-up was 35.3 months (range 5.9–49.8 months). The group with MET IHC scores of 2+ or 3+ had significantly shorter OS compared to those with scores of 0 or 1+. The 2-year survival rate was 64% in the 2+/3+ group and 73% in the 0/1+ group (p=0.047). The HR for MET 2+/3+ versus 0/1+ was 1.65 (95% CI: 1.13–2.39, p=0.009), stratified by stage, tumor location and differentiation status. Conclusions: MET expression in resected tissue from Chinese patients with GEC was correlated with poor prognosis. This finding further supports the development of anti-MET agents in this patient population.
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Falsetti, P., E. Conticini, C. Baldi, M. Bardelli, R. D’alessandro, S. G. Al Khayyat, M. A. Mazzei, L. Cantarini, and B. Frediani. "POS0963 POWER AND SPECTRAL DOPPLER ULTRASOUND AS A SCREENING TOOL IN THE DIAGNOSTIC COURSE OF SUSPECTED AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS: PRELIMINARY DATA FROM A LARGE MONOCENTRIC COHORT." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 746.2–747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.998.
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Background:Sacroiliac joints (SIJs) involvement is a characteristic feature of Spondylarthritis (SpA). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been included in the new Assessment of SpA International Society (ASAS) criteria for the classification of non-radiographic axial SpA. Power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) and spectral Doppler US have been used in few works, also from our group, to evaluate the inflammatory activity of the SIJs, in comparison with MRI, with different results.Objectives:We aimed to evaluate the value of PDUS with spectral wave analysis (SWA) in the assessment of suspected active sacroiliitis (SI). PDUS of SIJs was used as a screening tool alongside the routine PDUS assessment of peripheral joints.Methods:143 patients (114 females and 29 males, mean age 46,2 years, mean BMI 25.9) with new onset of inflammatory back pain (IBP), were included. Peripheral symptoms were allowed. Every patient underwent a PDUS examination of SIJs as previously reported. The sonographer was blinded to the clinical data. An Esaote Twice US machine, with convex 1-8 MHz and linear 6-18 MHz probes, was used, with standardized parameters. PD signals detected in the SIJs, were scored with a 3-points scale: 0= absence of signals, 1= isolate vessels, 2= more than one vessel. The signals were also classified as intra-articular (vascularity from deep joint and inter-osseous ligament) or peri-articular (vascularity along posterior sacroiliac ligament). SWA was applied to the same vessels calculating the Resistive Index (RI) (Figure 1). A PDUS diagnosis of active SI was made with a grade 1 of vascularity and RI<0,60, or grade 2 of vascularity and RI<0,70. PDUS multi-site examination of peripheral joints and entheses was also performed; entheseal involvement was scored with Belgrade Ultrasound Enthesitis Score (BUSES) and as global enthesitic charge (GEC). Every patient underwent MRI of SIJs within 2 weeks, and before to start pharmacologic treatment. The non-parametric Spearman rank test and univariate linear regression analysis was applied using InStat GraphPad statistical package.Results:A time of 5-8 minutes was sufficient to set and to complete PDUS/SWA examination on both SJJs. All patients considered this examination quick, not painful and substantially comfortable. PD signals were detected in 124 patients (mean RI 0,56). Bone marrow edema (BME) lesions (active SI on MRI) were detected in 94 patients. A final diagnosis of SpA was made in 103 patients (81 females, 22 males). Among SpA patients 24 had psoriasis, 3 inflammatory bowel disease, 3 uveitis, 5 were B27+, and they had mean BUSES of 4,1 and GEC of 1,2. The mean SIJs PDUS score was 1,3 in SpA and 0,52 in not-SpA patients. The mean SIJs RI was 0,53 in SpA and 0,68 in not-SpA patients. A significant correlation was demonstrated between MRI and PDUS diagnosis of SI (r=0,6486, p<0,0001), between MRI diagnosis and PD grading (r=0,4937, p<0,0001). The split analysis of peculiar parameters of imaging between the two methods also showed significant correlation: periarticular vascularity showed correlation with post-contrast MRI evidence of posterior capsulitis and enthesitis (p=0,001), as SIJs BME correlated with intra-articular PD signals (p<0,001). RI from SWA analysis was inversely correlated with MRI diagnosis of active SI (p<0.0001). SIJs PD demonstrated a significant correlation with SIJs pain (p<0,001), but not with inflammatory reactants, GEC, peripheral synovitis, and a weak correlation with BUSES (p=0,038).Conclusion:SIJs PDUS/SWA may be an optional method for preliminary screening of active SI, as a feasible, cheap and an accurate diagnostic tool, compared with MRI as a gold standard for nr-Axial SpA. PD US in SI. Right SI joint with a PD signal within inter-osseous ligament (curved arrow), where spectral PD analysis shows a RI of 0,62. Normal vessels (with high RI, unshowed) can be observed into the first sacral foramen (arrowhead). The first sacral apophysis (arrow) protrudes from the sacrum profile.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.
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Chi, Alexander, Mingcheng Gao, Nam P. Nguyen, and Kevin Albuquerque. "Technical Aspects of the Integration of Three-Dimensional Treatment Planning Dose Parameters (GEC-ESTRO Working Group) into Pre-implant Planning for LDR Gynecological Interstitial Brachytherapy." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 8, no. 3 (June 2009): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153303460900800302.
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Ortiz, Ruy, Manuel López, Rosa E. Pérez, Paola de la Paz Ramírez, and Gerardo Ordaz. "Effect of the Inclusion of Different Levels of Dietary Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) on Gilts’ Biochemical Parameters and Feed Intake during Lactation." Animals 10, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 1881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10101881.
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The regulation of sows’ metabolic state during the gestation-lactation transition is a requirement for a higher feed intake in lactation, an important aspect in improving animal welfare in current swine production systems. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of different cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) levels in the diet of gilts during late gestation and lactation on their biochemical parameters and voluntary feed intake during lactation. From day 85 of gestation until weaning, 40 gilts were divided into four groups: GNC (group with no cactus) with a basal diet (BD) only, G1C; group with 1% inclusion of cactus plus BD, G2C; group with 1.5% inclusion of cactus plus BD, and G3C; group with 2% inclusion of cactus plus BD. The dietary cactus supplementation increased the gilts’ feed intake (by 1.04 kg/day on average) during lactation and reduced their weight loss (4.3%) at weaning. The glucose concentrations were higher (range 73.0–83.9 mg/dL) in the GNC. The GNC had the highest triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations at day 100 of gestation. G3C had the highest osteocalcin concentration at day 100 of gestation. The highest feed intake and lowest glucose concentration were achieved with a cactus consumption of 1.04% in lactating gilts.
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Dimopoulos, Johannes C. A., Peter Petrow, Kari Tanderup, Primoz Petric, Daniel Berger, Christian Kirisits, Erik M. Pedersen, Erik van Limbergen, Christine Haie-Meder, and Richard Pötter. "Recommendations from Gynaecological (GYN) GEC-ESTRO Working Group (IV): Basic principles and parameters for MR imaging within the frame of image based adaptive cervix cancer brachytherapy." Radiotherapy and Oncology 103, no. 1 (April 2012): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2011.12.024.
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Mahantshetty, U., J. Swamidas, N. Khanna, R. Engineer, N. H. Merchant, and S. Shrivastava. "Magnetic Resonance Image-based Dose Volume Parameters and Clinical Outcome with High Dose Rate Brachytherapy in Cervical Cancers — A Validation of GYN GEC-ESTRO Brachytherapy Recommendations." Clinical Oncology 23, no. 5 (June 2011): 376–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clon.2011.02.006.
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Jaiswal, Swapnil G., and Satyanarayan Naik. "Contribution of Agricultural Produce Spice Zingiber Officinale to a Sustainable Food System: Green Extraction and Stability Study of Antioxidant Compounds." Open Agriculture 3, no. 1 (September 1, 2018): 326–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2018-0036.
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Abstract The present study has focused on the extraction and utilization of antioxidant compounds from the agricultural produce Zingiber officinale for its sustainable use in terms of stabilizing food from oxidation. Two extraction methods, traditional soxhlet and green supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2), were used to compare yields of antioxidant (6-gingerol) rich extracts. For the SC-CO2 method, operating parameters including pressure (10000-20000 kPa), temperature (30- 40°C) and CO2 flow rate (5-20 g/min.) were optimized to get maximum recovery of [6]-gingerol rich extracts. The results of the extraction study revealed that ginger extract collected after soxhlet extraction (GE1) gives more yield (3.85%) than the extract (2.41%) collected after SC-CO2 extraction (GE2) at an optimum condition of 20000 kPa pressure, 40°C temperature and 20 g/min. flow rate. Contrarily, the yield of [6]-gingerol was found to be greater in GE2 (389 mg/g) than GE1. Total phenol (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) content of GE1 and GE2 were measured against equivalent concentrations of gallic acid and quercetin. TPC and TFC of GE1 show slightly higher values (38.50 mg GAE/g, 5.62 mg QE/g) than GE2. At the concentration of 3000 μg/mL, DPPH percent inhibition activity of GE1 was again higher (up to 94%) than GE2 (up to 82%). Stability study result of both GE1 and GE2 revealed on the basis of antioxidant indices, showed desirable antioxidant index by stabilizing all three experimented oils and also found to be comparable with synthetic antioxidants (BHA, BHT). Therefore, it could be concluded that [6]-gingerol rich extracts from the SC-CO2 method have comparable phenol flavonoid, antioxidant and stability potential as those found in ginger extracts from the traditional soxhlet method.
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Silva, Luana Nascimento da, Lucas Kennedy Silva Lima, Idália Souza dos Santos, Sidnara Ribeiro Sampaio, Mauricio Antônio Coelho Filho, and Onildo Nunes de Jesus. "Biometrics and physiological parameters of sour passion fruit seedlings produced on organic substrates." February 2023, no. 17(02):2023 (February 2, 2023): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.23.17.02.p3549.
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The organic fruit market has expanded considerably in recent years, but for the establishment of more productive organic orchards, several aspects need to be studied, starting with obtaining good quality seedlings. In this work, different formulations of organic substrates were evaluated to select the one that provides greater vigor to Passiflora edulis Sims seedlings. The study was conducted under anti-aphid screen conditions in two regions of Bahia (Recôncavo da Bahia, Chapada Diamantina), using a completely randomized design. The substrates were prepared using different proportions of coconut fiber, vermiculite, bovine manure and bokashi. At 60 days after sowing, germination vigor, gas exchange and growth parameters were evaluated. The data were submitted to principal component analysis and the groups formed were represented by box plots and compared by the Tukey test. Three groups were formed from PCA for the seedlings produced in both regions and the joint analysis, considering the two environments. In Chapada Diamantina, the seedlings produced in group 1, corresponding to 40% of the substrates tested, stood out for their root characteristics. In Recôncavo da Bahia, the seedlings showed low variation between the treatments G1C and G2C (80% substrates), compared to the G3C seedlings. The best performance was observed in the seedlings produced in Chapada Diamantina, but the use of coconut fiber and soil (CfSB), vermiculite and soil (SVB), both with 5% bokashi, produced excellent seedlings in both regions, so it is recommended for the organic production of P. edulis
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MANOHAR, G. K., and A. P. KESARKAR. "Climatology of thunderstorm activity over the Indian region : A study of east -west contrast." MAUSAM 54, no. 4 (January 19, 2022): 819–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v54i4.1581.
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Based on the latest data (I. M. D., 1999) of monthly number of station thunderstorm days (Thn) and mean maximum surface air temperatures (Tmax) of 276 Indian stations, an important and a long pending issue of east- west contrast in the frequencies of occurrence of thunderstorms over India is resolved in substantial details in this study. On the premise of nearly equal land areas, and density of the station network, and location of ITCZ; India is divided in two regions: Eastern Region (ER) and Western Region (WR) across the 79° E longitude line over India. Results pertaining to the contrasting features of Thn over ER and WR are presented. Our analysis showed that the annual total Thn over the ER are 4763, and over the WR are 3194 and the prominent difference in Thn is associated with monsoon season months over the ER and WR. The temperature sensitivity of occurrence of Thn showed that thunderstorms respond exponentially to modest increment in Tmax on the semi-annual and annual time-scales in both the regions but with clear contrast in their sensitivity over ER. This result is in good agreement with the results cited in many studies, where relationship between global tropical surface air temperatures and GEC parameters are investigated. Our analysis suggests that the hot and humid extensive land region of the ITCZ of the ER is more suitable and responsible for the development of thunderstorms. Further, results showing higher values of CAPE and moisture field over the ER are discussed to explain the E-W pronounced contrast in the thunderstorm activity. It is believed that the results presented in this study will be useful.
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Zhang, Hanyi, Shun Lu, Chang Sun, and Jin Yi Lang. "Analysis of local control rate and toxicity of radiotherapy dose of cervical cancer." Journal of Global Oncology 5, suppl (October 7, 2019): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2019.5.suppl.136.
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136 Background: The standard of care for treatment of advanced cervical cancer is the combination of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and intracavitary brachytherapy with cisplatin based concurrent chemotherapy. Radiotherapy plays a crucial role in treatment of cervical cancer. Recent GEC-ESTRO guidelines recommend that the dose to 90% (D90) of the high-risk clinical target volume (HRCTV) in cervical cancer be at least 85Gy with higher doses for poor response to radiotherapy. This study was aim to analyze our institution’s patients with locally advanced cervical cancer in regards to whether higher brachytherapy dose delivery lead to a better outcome, and to investigate the proper dose to balance the local control rate and toxicity. Methods: A total of 262 patients with local advanced cervical cancer treated at a single institution were retrospectively analyzed for the association between dosimetry and outcomes. Youden index was used to identify the optimal cut-off point of continuous tumor parameters and divide patients into subgroups. Significance of radiotherapy dose parameters on OS, PFS, LRFS and DMFS and toxicity was evaluated. Results: In the univariate analysis, for both HR-CTV and LR-CTV, the high dose group (EQD2 D90 >75Gy, LR-CTV>68Gy, respectively) have a better LRFS than low-dose groups (P<0.05). LR-CTV remains significance after adjusted for age and FIGO stage. Moreover, in the high-dose LR-CTV group, there is no association between dose of LR-CTV and LRFS was found, however, higher dose of HR-CTV significant associated with higher ratio of side effect was found. In addition, no association of dose of HR-CTV or LR-CTV and OS were found for all patients. Conclusions: Our results showed that dose of LR-CTV may be a useful prognostic factor of LRFS of patients with cervical cancer. Moreover, after D90 of LR-CTV reaches 68Gy, increasing dose did not show a better LRFS but lead to higher ratio of toxicity, supporting that LR-CTV at 68Gy might be a safety and efficacy dose of radiotherapy to the patients with cervical cancer. However, further improved in dose had no significant benefit on local control rate, and it might increase the risks of toxicity.
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Bách, Phạm Tiến, Võ Đại Nhật, Nguyễn Việt Kỳ, and Lê Quân. "Maxwell model geotextile encased stone column in soft soil improvement." Science & Technology Development Journal - Engineering and Technology 4, no. 1 (April 9, 2021): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjet.v4i1.772.
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In the field of geotechnical – soft soil improvement, the mathematical model or mechanical model is one of the important input parameters for the design calculations or studies. The determination of the appropriateness of the models has a great influence on the accuracy results of design and calculation as well as the sustainable stability of soft ground after improvement. On the contrary, the selection of inadequate calculation models will lead to increased costs of soft soil improvement, possibly even leading to the destabilization of the work and causing immense loss of people and property. Recently, many projects major highway after construction design in use has not meet the requirements of the standard, leading to wasted money and time of individuals, organizations, and the state of post-treatment. Therefore, the research and application of using mathematical or mechanical models in accordance with the new soft soil improvement method will greatly help as well as add additional options for soft soil improvement in Vietnam. The soft soil deformation is not only related to load but also to load time. The change in stress and deformation of weak soil over time is called rheology, and in this study is the viscoelastic behavior. From the above reasons, we try to apply a generalized Maxwell model to explain the viscoelastic behavior of a soft soil. In particular, the time-dependent behavior of a viscoelastic soft soil was represented by using the Maxwell rheological model. The Matlab programming code helps to solve numerically all the equation of the mathematical exhibition of the generalized Maxwell model results. We acknowledge that the generalized Maxwell model is superior in demonstrating the time-dependent behavior of soft soil. The results probably show that this is one of the effective models to predict the behavior of soft soils in ground improvement with GEC.
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Filep, M. J., A. I. Pogodin, T. O. Malakhovska, and O. P. Kokhan. "SINGLE CRYSTALS GROWTH IN THE HOMOGENEITY REGION OF LOW-TEMPERATURE MODIFICATION OF Ag8GeS6." Scientific Bulletin of the Uzhhorod University. Series «Chemistry» 48, no. 2 (May 23, 2023): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2414-0260.2022.2.38-42.
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Cationic ion-conductors have found wide practical application as electric batteries. Among them the lithium-ion batteries are the most common commercially used. However, research is being actively carried out to improve the safety of these batteries. Among the possible compounds, silver-containing phases are attractive, since silver-ions, along with high values of ionic conductivity in solid-state, haven’t high chemical activity like the same alkali metal-ions. Realization of the crystal structure necessary for effective ion transport is observed in compounds of the argyrodite structure - a group of ternary chalcogenides and quaternary chalcohalogenides of multi-charged cations (Ge4+, Si4+, P5+). In this work, a study of heterovalent cationic P5+→Ge4+ substitution in the Ag8GeS6 enriched region was carried out. Single crystals of Ag8-x(Ge1-xPx)S6 (x = 0.25; 0.5) solid solutions were grown by the method of directional crystallization using a solution-melt technique. The grown single crystals are characterized by the absence of macrodefects, a dark gray color with a metallic luster, and dimensions of l = ~3 cm and d = 1.2 cm. Using the Rietveld refinement method, the crystal structure was established and the lattice parameters of Ag8-x(Ge1-xPx)S6 (x = 0.25; 0.5) solid solutions were determined. Established, that single crystals of Ag8-x(Ge1-xPx)S6 (x = 0.25; 0.5) solid solutions crystallize in the orthorhombic crystal system in a primitive cell with space group Pna21.
Keywords: argyrodites; single crystals; directional crystallization; phase analysis.
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Pötter, Richard, Christine Haie-Meder, Erik Van Limbergen, Isabelle Barillot, Marisol De Brabandere, Johannes Dimopoulos, Isabelle Dumas, et al. "Recommendations from gynaecological (GYN) GEC ESTRO working group (II): Concepts and terms in 3D image-based treatment planning in cervix cancer brachytherapy—3D dose volume parameters and aspects of 3D image-based anatomy, radiation physics, radiobiology." Radiotherapy and Oncology 78, no. 1 (January 2006): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2005.11.014.
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Suriyajunhom, Pornthip, and Maradee Phongpipatpong. "Optimization of drum drying parameters for gac powder." MATEC Web of Conferences 192 (2018): 03046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819203046.
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Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) is a tropical fruit which contains a rich nutrient source, especially lycopene. However, fresh gac fruit can spoil rapidly due to its high moisture content. Drum drying is a process to remove moisture from food in order to preserve nutrients and extend shelf life. In this study, gac fruit powder was produced by using drum drying technique. The present research was aimed to determine the optimum drum drying condition for gac powder. Response Surface Methodology was employed with three processing variables, including drum surface drying temperature (115, 125, 135˚C) maltodextrin content (100, 150, 200%) and gum arabic content (10, 20, 30%). The response variables were moisture content, solubility, hygroscopicity, total phenolic content and lycopene content of gac fruit powder. Regression analysis was then performed to obtain the mathematical relation between the processing variables and the responses in the form of second-order polynomial equations.. The results showed that optimum conditions for drum drying of gac fruit was at 135˚C of drum surface drying temperature, 138% of added maltodextrin and 10% of added gum arabic, which provided the highest amount of total phenolic and lycopene content.
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Ameer, Moavia, Muhammad Abbas, Thabet Abdeljawad, and Tahir Nazir. "A Novel Generalization of Bézier-like Curves and Surfaces with Shape Parameters." Mathematics 10, no. 3 (January 26, 2022): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10030376.
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Bézier curves and surfaces with shape parameters have received more attention in the field of engineering and technology in recent years because of their useful geometric properties as compared to classical Bézier curves, as well as traditional Bernstein basis functions. In this study, the generalized Bézier-like curves (gBC) are constructed based on new generalized Bernstein-like basis functions (gBBF) with two shape parameters. The geometric properties of both gBBF and gBC are studied, and it is found that they are similar to the classical Bernstein basis and Bézier curve, respectively. Some free form curves can be modeled using the proposed gBC and surfaces as the applications.
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Nogueira, Priscilla Fernandes, Gustavo Coelho Caiado, Carolina P. B. Gracitelli, Fernando Meister Martins, Felipe Chaves Duarte Barros, Sandro Luis De Andrade Matas, Sérgio Henrique Teixeira, Luciana da Cruz Noia, and Danilo Andriatti Paulo. "Association between Optical Coherence Tomography Measurements and Clinical Parameters in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension." Journal of Ophthalmology 2021 (January 25, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1401609.
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Purpose. To correlate optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements with clinical parameters in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 22 patients with IIH and 11 controls. All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmological examination followed by spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) and standard automated perimetry using the 30–2 program of the Humphrey visual field analyzer. Correlations between ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, as measured by SD-OCT, and clinical parameters were assessed using generalized estimating equations. Result. The mean age of the participants was 35.0 ± 10.83 years. The groups were similar regarding age, but were significantly different regarding sex and visual acuity ( p = 0.001 and p = 0.038 , respectively). The GCC was significantly thinner in the IIH group, with a mean of 90.535 ± 9.766 μm compared to 98.119 ± 6.988 μm for the controls ( p = 0.023 ). There was a significant association between GCC thickness and optic disc pallor ( p = 0.016 ) and between edema and visual acuity ( p = 0.037 ). No significant difference was found in RNFL thickness between patients and controls. Conclusion. The GCC was thinner in the patients with IIH compared to the controls, and there was an association between GCC and optic disc pallor. This might suggest a role for OCT parameters when the structural changes that occur in IIH are investigated, possibly guiding clinical decision making.
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Camci, Celalettin, Alper Sevinc, Akif Sahin, Mehmet Emin Kalender, Serdar Oztuzcu, Ozlem nuray Sever, Esma Ozyazgan, and Abdullah Tuncay Demiryurek. "Association of peripheral blood guanylyl cyclase C (GCC) expressions with prognostic parameters and response to therapy in patients with colorectal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2012): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.4_suppl.508.
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508 Background: Guanylyl cyclase C (GCC) is expressed exclusively in normal intestinal mucosal cells, primary and metastatic colorectal cancers (CRC). The aim of this study was to determine the possible association between the GCC expressions in peripheral blood, prognostic parameters and response to chemotherapy in CRC patients. Methods: Forty-nine metastatic CRC patients and 41 healthy controls with similar age and sex were included to this study. Peripheral blood GCC expressions are measured by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Results: No GCC expression was measured in healthy controls but GCC expressions of the patients were detectable. Although there was a significant reduction in GCC expressions in 30 patients with regression (from 5.46 ± 4.12 to 0.06 ± 0.03, p < 0.0001), marked increase in GCC expressions was observed in 19 patients with progression following chemotherapy (from 0.43 ± 0.19 to 1.38 ± 0.52, p = 0.0174). Significant correlation was found between the GCC expressions and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels (p = 0.0041) in 30 patients with regression before chemotherapy. Marked correlation was also detected between the GCC expressions and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels (p = 0.0072) in 19 patients with progression before chemotherapy. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that peripheral blood GCC expressions along with CEA and CA19-9 can be used to determine the early respose to chemotherapy in patients with metastatic CRC. These findings imply that higher expression of GCC in peripheral blood seems to be an indicator of good therapeutic response to chemotherapy and remission. Monitoring the peripheral blood GCC expressions may allow employing different treatment options to metastatic CRC patients.
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Engelke, Hendrik, Mehdi Shajari, Julian Riedel, Niklas Mohr, Siegfried G. Priglinger, and Marc J. Mackert. "OCT angiography in optic disc drusen: comparison with structural and functional parameters." British Journal of Ophthalmology 104, no. 8 (November 19, 2019): 1109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314096.
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BackgroundOptic disc drusen (ODD) can cause retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) defects with progressive visual field (VF) loss. Microvascular changes are discussed as a cause. We measured the vessel density (VD) of the optic disc in ODD using optical coherence tomography angiography and compared it with a normal population. Another intent was to determine the sensitivity and correlations in comparison with functional (VF) and structural parameters (RNFL, minimum rim width (MRW), ganglion cell complex (GCC)).MethodsWe analysed the VD of 25 patients with ODD and an age-matched control population including 25 healthy participants using AngioVue (Optovue, Fremont, CA, USA). We obtained data about RNFL, GCC, Bruch’s membrane opening MRW (Spectralis HRA & OCT; Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) and VF (standard automated perimetry; SITA 24-2). Low image quality and pathologies interfering with the diagnostics were excluded. Parametric data were analysed using the t-test and non-parametric values using the Mann-Whitney U test. Linear regression analysis was used to determine correlations using the Bravais-Pearson test.ResultsThe VD was significantly reduced in the ODD group especially the peripapillary capillary VD (n=45 vs 50 eyes; mean 43.15% vs 51.70%). Peripapillary RNFL thickness correlated with the VD significantly (r=0.902 (n=44), 0.901 (n=44), 0.866 (n=45)). The RNFL analysis showed a reduction in ODD, especially the superior hemisphere (mean 107 µm, 129 µm; 49 vs 50 eyes). The GCC was significantly lower in the ODD group (n=38 vs 40; mean 87 µm vs 98 µm). Positive correlation between the VD and the GCC was significant (n=37, r=0.532). There is a significant negative correlation (n=19; r=−0.726) between the VD and the pattern standard deviation (PSD).ConclusionThis study reveals significant peripapillary microvascular changes in patients with ODD correlating with the RNFL and GCC reduction. There is a negative correlation between the PSD and the VD.
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Caro-Gómez, Erika, Jelver Sierra, Juan Escobar, Rafael Álvarez-Quintero, Mauricio Naranjo, Sonia Medina, Eliana Velásquez-Mejía, et al. "Green Coffee Extract Improves Cardiometabolic Parameters and Modulates Gut Microbiota in High-Fat-Diet-Fed ApoE-/- Mice." Nutrients 11, no. 3 (February 27, 2019): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11030497.
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Chlorogenic acids (CGA) are the most abundant phenolic compounds in green coffee beans and in the human diet and have been suggested to mitigate several cardiometabolic risk factors. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effect of a water-based standardized green coffee extract (GCE) on cardiometabolic parameters in ApoE-/- mice and to explore the potential underlying mechanisms. Mice were fed an atherogenic diet without (vehicle) or with GCE by gavage (equivalent to 220 mg/kg of CGA) for 14 weeks. We assessed several metabolic, pathological, and inflammatory parameters and inferred gut microbiota composition, diversity, and functional potential. Although GCE did not reduce atherosclerotic lesion progression or plasma lipid levels, it induced important favorable changes. Specifically, improved metabolic parameters, including fasting glucose, insulin resistance, serum leptin, urinary catecholamines, and liver triglycerides, were observed. These changes were accompanied by reduced weight gain, decreased adiposity, lower inflammatory infiltrate in adipose tissue, and protection against liver damage. Interestingly, GCE also modulated hepatic IL-6 and total serum IgM and induced shifts in gut microbiota. Altogether, our results reveal the cooccurrence of these beneficial cardiometabolic effects in response to GCE in the same experimental model and suggest potential mediators and pathways involved.
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Bae, Seung-Muk, Yong-Hoon Kim, Yil-Hwan You, and Jin-Ha Hwang. "Extraction of Quantitative Parameters for Describing the Microstructure of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, S5 (August 2013): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613012518.
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AbstractDigital quantification of a two-dimensional structure was applied to a GDC(Gd2O3-doped CeO2)/LSM(La0.85Sr0.15MnO3) composite cathode employed for solid oxide fuel cells. With the aid of high-resolution imaging capability based on secondary and backscattered electron images, two-dimensional electron micrographs were converted to digital binary files using an image processing tool combined with the line intercept method. Statistical analysis combined with a metallurgical tool was employed to determine microstructural factors, i.e., volume fraction, size distribution, and interconnectivity. The current work reports the quantification of the two-dimensional structural images of GDC/LSM composites applicable to solid oxide fuel cells, with the aim of obtaining the volume fraction, size distribution, and interconnectivity as functions of composite composition. The volume fractions of the solid constituent phases exhibit compositional dependence in cathodes; however, LSM interconnectivity increases gradually as a function of LSM composition, whereas that of GDC decreases significantly at 50 wt% LSM.
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Yu-Chen, Li. "Evaluation of the Key Physical Parameters of Compressive Strained Ge1-x Snx for Optoelectronic Devices." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 13, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 7399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2016.5733.
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Both strain technology and alloying technology can change the band structures of Germanium semiconductor. This paper focus on evaluation of the key physical parameters, such as energy levels and effective mass, of germanium under strain and alloy conditions, on the basis of deformation potential theory and kp perturbation theory. The results show that: (1), The bandgap transition in Ge1-xSnx alloy cannot occur under strain. So the transformation efficiency of the strained Ge1-xSnx/(001)Ge based devices can not be improved; (2), The various hole effective masses of strained Ge1-xSnx/(001)Ge decrease with the increase of the stress, which benefits to the pMOS performance improvement. Our valid models can provide the valuable references to the design of modified Ge semiconductor and optoelectronic devices.
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Zhang, Mengru, Lisha An, Enhua Wang, Hewu Wang, Minggao Ouyang, and Haoran Hu. "Effects of Sintering Parameters on the Low-Temperature Densification of GDC Electrolyte Based on an Orthogonal Experiment." Catalysts 12, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12080831.
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A solid oxide fuel cell is a high-efficiency power device in hydrogen energy utilization. The durability and dynamic performance of metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (MS-SOFCs) are superior to those of electrolyte- or electrode-supported cells, with many potential applications. Gadolinium-doped cerium (GDC) has a high oxygen ionic conductivity, making it suitable to act as the electrolyte in MS-SOFCs operating at 500–650 °C. However, the low-temperature sintering of GDC is difficult for MS-SOFCs. In this study, the factors affecting the low-temperature densification of GDC are analyzed based on an orthogonal experimental method. The shrinking rates of 16 experiments are determined. The effects of the particle diameter, pressure of the uniaxial press machine, sintering temperature, and fractions of aid and binder are estimated. The results of a range analysis indicate that the content of sintering aid has the greatest impact on the low-temperature densification of GDC, followed by the powder diameter and the uniaxial pressure. A maximum shrinking rate of 46.99% is achieved with a temperature of 1050 °C.
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Sturaitis, Mary K., Jaakko Rinne, John C. Chaloupka, Mehmet Kaynar, Zhenqiu Lin, and Issam A. Awad. "Impact of Guglielmi detachable coils on outcomes of patients with intracranial aneurysms treated by a multidisciplinary team at a single institution." Journal of Neurosurgery 93, no. 4 (October 2000): 569–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2000.93.4.0569.
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Object. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of the introduction of the Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC) therapeutic option on the overall management outcome of intracranial aneurysms. The authors accomplished this by assessing patient morbidity and mortality, inflation-adjusted hospital charges, lengths of stay in the hospital and the intensive care unit (ICU), and treatment efficacy.Methods. The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of consecutive cases of intracranial intradural aneurysms managed by a single multidisciplinary neurovascular team at a tertiary care, academic referral center during the 24 months preceding the introduction of the GDC procedure (Group I or pre-GDC era, 77 patients) and during the first 24 months after its introduction (Group II or GDC era, 99 patients).Treatment with GDCs was considered for cases of higher clinical grade or poor surgical risk, or in response to patient preference (27 [27%] of 99 patients in Group II). Host and lesion parameters in our cohort were validated against outcome parameters by using univariate and multivariate analyses. The pre-GDC and GDC subgroups of patients were comparable for major disease severity parameters (patient age, lesion location, clinical grade, and hemorrhage severity). There was no significant difference in clinical outcome at 6 months, infarcts on computerized tomography scanning, or aneurysm obliteration rates before and after introduction of GDC treatment. Decreasing trends in duration of hospital and ICU stay and in inflation-adjusted hospital charges occurred well before and thus were unrelated to the introduction of the GDC therapeutic option.Conclusions. The results of this study do not demonstrate any significant impact of integration of the GDC modality on clinical outcome, mortality, morbidity, or effectiveness of treatment. Ongoing improvements in hospital charges and length of hospital stay appeared unrelated to the introduction of the GDC option.
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Choi, Hyun Soo, and Dong Seok Rhee. "Catalytic Ozonation with Activated Carbon for Treatment of Humic Substances in Water." Applied Mechanics and Materials 470 (December 2013): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.470.19.
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Ozonation of the ubiquitous and poorly biodegradable humic acid in aquatic system was conducted in the presence of activated carbon with the aim of catalyst. The optimum operating parameters deduced from this study was GAC amount of 16.5 v/v% (GAC column volume per reactor volume) in the humic acid solution of initial pH 9. DOC removal rate in Ozone/GAC process was higher than the sum of Ozone alone and GAC adsorption process. Formaldehyde formation in Ozone/GAC process was less than in Ozone alone and GAC adsorption process. The part of molecular size distribution under 10 k Dalton were increased in the Ozone/GAC process.
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Jørstad, Øystein Kalsnes, Andreas Reidar Wigers, Pål Bache Marthinsen, Morten Carstens Moe, and Johan Arild Evang. "Loss of horizontal macular ganglion cell complex asymmetry: an optical coherence tomography indicator of chiasmal compression." BMJ Open Ophthalmology 3, no. 1 (October 2018): e000195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2018-000195.
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ObjectiveTo estimate the macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) asymmetry in patients with suprasellar tumours, to compare its diagnostic performance to the nasal GCC thickness and visual field (VF) and to investigate how the parameters correlate with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.Methods and analysisCross-sectional study of patients with suprasellar tumours affecting the optic chiasm. Macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans were evaluated for nasal GCC sector thinning and loss of normal GCC asymmetry between corresponding nasal-temporal sectors. Equivalently, VFs were analysed for defects compatible with chiasm dysfunction. The relationship between optic chiasm and tumour was measured on MRI.ResultsThirty-three eyes of 33 patients were included. There were OCT findings in 14 eyes. Nasal GCC thinning was found in 9 eyes and loss of GCC asymmetry in 12 eyes; the two parameters were not significantly different with respect to number of positive findings (p=0.45). Loss of GCC asymmetry, however, occurred in 5 eyes among 24 without GCC thinning (proportion 0.21; 95% confidence interval 0.071 to 0.42). In 8 eyes, VF indicated pathology; of these, 7 had concurring OCT findings. The prevalence of OCT and VF findings increased significantly with suprasellar tumour extension on MRI.ConclusionThe diagnostic capabilities of nasal GCC thinning and loss of GCC asymmetry were comparable, whilst their complementary performances increased the proportion of eyes in which OCT suggested compression. The prevalence of both OCT and VF findings grew with suprasellar tumour extension. In several cases, however, structural findings on OCT preceded detectable VF deficits.
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Zanetti, Micheli, Mikaela Scatolin, Amanda Rebonatto Oltramari, Maria Luiza Lima da Costa Lopes, Rubieli Carla Frezza Zeferino, Gustavo Lopes Colpani, Liz Girardi Müller, Débora de Oliveira, and Marcio Antônio Fiori. "Antifungal Activity and Acute and Repeated-Dose Toxicity Study of Geranyl Cinnamate Ester in Mice." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (October 6, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3493625.
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In the present study, the antifungal activity and toxicity of the geranyl cinnamate ester (GCE) were investigated. The GCE showed antifungal activity at a minimum concentration of 0.16 μL/mL against Candida albicans and at concentrations greater than 2.5 μL/mL against Aspergillus niger. In acute toxicity studies, the administration of GCE (2.000 mg/kg) affected the body weight gain and food intake but did not induce the mortality of the animals studied. After the investigation of repeated-dose toxicity of GCE at 2 and 4 mg/kg, the hematological and biochemical parameters were changed. In addition, the adrenal weight of male mice treated with GCE at 4 mg/kg was affected. In conclusion, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) acute toxicity parameters, the geranyl cinnamate ester can be classified into safety category number 5. The results of this study suggested that the geranyl cinnamate ester may be a source of natural antifungals.
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Abeer, Inara, Sabina Khan, Mohd Jaseem Hasan, and Musharraf Hussain. "EGFR and HER2neu Expression in Gall Bladder Carcinoma and Its Association with Clinicopathological Parameters - An Institutional Experience from North India." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2021.6.1.57-65.
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Objective: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common biliary tract malignancy found worldwide with very high incidence in North India especially Delhi region. It is characterized by poor prognosis and ineffective treatment especially in advanced stage. The aim of this study was to evaluate EGFR and HER2/neu immunoexpression in cancer patients and to correlate it with the clinicopathological parameters so as to identify GBC patients who can benefit from targeted therapy.Methods: Present study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, New Delhi. A total of 40 cases of Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) were evaluated for Immunohistochemical expression of EGFR and HER2/neu. Clinicopathological parameters of GBC were studied and correlated with immunoexpression of EGFR and HER2 /neu. Result: The mean age of the GBC patients was 55.9 years with 90% being females. On histopathology, 34(85%) cases were conventional adenocarcinoma. The EGFR expression was positive in 29/40 cases (72.5%). It was significantly more positive in poorly differentiated grade and advanced stages of gall bladder carcinoma (P<0.05). The expression of HER2/neu was positive in 13/40 cases (32.5%). It was significantly more positive in well differentiated gall bladder carcinoma (P<0.05). Immunoexpression of EGFR was inversely related with HER2/neu expression and this association was statistically significant.Conclusion: Among GBC patients, EGFR expression and HER2/neu expression was 72.5% and 32.5%, respectively. Significant EGFR expression was seen in poorly differentiated and advanced stage cancers while significant HER2/neu expression was seen in well differentiated gall bladder carcinomas. To conclude, these two markers HER2/neu and EGFR can be used as predictive and prognostic markers respectively, with rationale to further explore the use of anti-HER2 and anti- EGFR therapy in gall bladder cancer.
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Ratna Sylvia, Aaron Mary, C. Vedhi, and A. Gomathi. "Enhanced Sensing of 4-Nitroso-N,N–Dimethyl Aniline using Multi-Walled Carbon Nano Tube Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode." Volume 4,Issue 5,2018 4, no. 5 (December 25, 2018): 567–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30799/jnst.181.18040528.
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The voltammetric behaviour of 4-nitroso-N,N–dimethylaniline (4-NDMA) was investigated on plain glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and multi-walled carbon nanotube modified GCE (MWCNT/GCE) using cyclic voltammetry. Effects of pH, scan rate and concentration were studied. The surface morphology of the modified electrode in the absence and presence of 4-NDMA molecules was characterized by atomic force microscope (AFM). A systematic study on the variation of experimental parameters with differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV) was carried out and the optimized experimental conditions were arrived. MWCNT/GCE performed well compared with the plain GCE system and the limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 7.5 ng/mL 0.1056 ng/mL for 4-NDMA on plain GCE and MWCNT/GCE respectively.
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Ali, Rehab M., Mohamed A. Hassaan, and Marwa R. Elkatory. "Towards Potential Removal of Malachite Green from Wastewater: Adsorption Process Optimization and Prediction." Materials Science Forum 1008 (August 2020): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1008.213.
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Granular activated carbon (GAC) is utilized as an adsorbent for the malachite green (MG) dye removal from aqueous solutions. The GAC was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) to realize the GAC chemical and physical features effects on the adsorption efficiency. Batch adsorption processes were carried out with different variables like pH, GAC dose, initial MG concentration and time. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to design the experiments, model the adsorption process, optimize the operating conditions and predict the response. A 24 full factorial central composite design (CCD) was performed for the experimental design and the analysis of the results. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to determine the significance of the factors and explore the interaction between the various experimental parameters. An empirical model was derived to correlate the experimental results and predict the behavior of the GAC for the adsorption process. The model showed a good agreement with the experimental results of R2 = 0.9968 and evidenced that the optimum operating parameters are pH 10, 2 g GAC/L, 200 mg/L of MG initial concentration and 113 min adsorption time for complete removal of MG.
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Li, Lianfa. "Optimal Inversion of Conversion Parameters from Satellite AOD to Ground Aerosol Extinction Coefficient Using Automatic Differentiation." Remote Sensing 12, no. 3 (February 4, 2020): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12030492.
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Satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) plays an important role for high spatiotemporal-resolution estimation of fine particulate matter with diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5). However, the MODIS sensors aboard the Terra and Aqua satellites mainly measure column (integrated) AOD using the aerosol (extinction) coefficient integrated over all altitudes in the atmosphere, and column AOD is less related to PM2.5 than low-level or ground-based aerosol (extinction) coefficient (GAC). With recent development of automatic differentiation (AD) that has been widely applied in deep learning, a method using AD to find optimal solution of conversion parameters from column AOD to the simulated GAC is presented. Based on the computational graph, AD has considerably improved the efficiency in applying gradient descent to find the optimal solution for complex problems involving multiple parameters and spatiotemporal factors. In a case study of the Jing-Jin-Ji region of China for the estimation of PM2.5 in 2015 using the Multiangle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction AOD, the optimal solution of the conversion parameters was obtained using AD and the loss function of mean square error. This solution fairly modestly improved the Pearson’s correlation between simulated GAC and PM2.5 up to 0.58 (test R2: 0.33), in comparison with three existing methods. In the downstream validation, the simulated GACs were used to reliably estimate PM2.5, considerably improving test R2 up to 0.90 and achieving consistent match for GAC and PM2.5 in their spatial distribution and seasonal variations. With the availability of the AD tool, the proposed method can be generalized to the inversion of other similar conversion parameters in remote sensing.
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He, Quanguo, Jun Liu, Xiaopeng Liu, Yonghui Xia, Guangli Li, Peihong Deng, and Dongchu Chen. "Novel Electrochemical Sensors Based on Cuprous Oxide-Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites Modified Electrode toward Sensitive Detection of Sunset Yellow." Molecules 23, no. 9 (August 24, 2018): 2130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092130.
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Control and detection of sunset yellow is an utmost demanding issue, due to the presence of potential risks for human health if excessively consumed or added. Herein, cuprous oxide-electrochemically reduced graphene nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (Cu2O-ErGO/GCE) was developed for the determination of sunset yellow. The Cu2O-ErGO/GCE was fabricated by drop-casting Cu2O-GO dispersion on the GCE surface following a potentiostatic reduction of graphene oxide (GO). Scanning electron microscope and X-ray powder diffractometer was used to characterize the morphology and microstructure of the modification materials, such as Cu2O nanoparticles and Cu2O-ErGO nanocomposites. The electrochemical behavior of sunset yellow on the bare GCE, ErGO/GCE, and Cu2O-ErGO/GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and second-derivative linear sweep voltammetry, respectively. The analytical parameters (including pH value, sweep rate, and accumulation parameters) were explored systematically. The results show that the anodic peak currents of Cu2O-ErGO /GCE are 25-fold higher than that of the bare GCE, due to the synergistic enhancement effect between Cu2O nanoparticles and ErGO sheets. Under the optimum detection conditions, the anodic peak currents are well linear to the concentrations of sunset yellow, ranging from 2.0 × 10−8 mol/L to 2.0 × 10−5 mol/L and from 2.0 × 10−5 mol/L to 1.0 × 10−4 mol/L with a low limit of detection (S/N = 3, 6.0 × 10−9 mol/L). Moreover, Cu2O-ErGO/GCE was successfully used for the determination of sunset yellow in beverages and food with good recovery. This proposed Cu2O-ErGO/GCE has an attractive prospect applications on the determination of sunset yellow in diverse real samples.