Journal articles on the topic 'Gear Machines'
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1
Álvarez, Álvaro, Amaia Calleja, Mikel Arizmendi, Haizea González, and Luis Lopez de Lacalle. "Spiral Bevel Gears Face Roughness Prediction Produced by CNC End Milling Centers." Materials 11, no. 8 (July 27, 2018): 1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11081301.
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The emergence of multitasking machines in the machine tool sector presents new opportunities for the machining of large size gears and short production series in these machines. However, the possibility of using standard tools in conventional machines for gears machining represents a technological challenge from the point of view of workpiece quality. Machining conditions in order to achieve both dimensional and surface quality requirements need to be determined. With these considerations in mind, computer numerical control (CNC) methods to provide useful tools for gear processing are studied. Thus, a model for the prediction of surface roughness obtained on the teeth surface of a machined spiral bevel gear in a multiprocess machine is presented. Machining strategies and optimal machining parameters were studied, and the roughness model is validated for 3 + 2 axes and 5 continuous axes machining strategies.
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Kawasaki, Kazumasa, Isamu Tsuji, and Hiroshi Gunbara. "Manufacturing method of double-helical gears using CNC machining center." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 7-8 (September 4, 2015): 1149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215602288.
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Double-helical gears are usually manufactured using special type of machine tools, such as gear hobbing and shaping machines. In this paper, a manufacturing method of double-helical gears using a CNC machining center instead of the special type of machine tools is proposed. This manufacturing method has the following advantages: (i) the tooth surfaces can be modified arbitrarily, (ii) all we have to do in gear machining is only one machine setting, (iii) the hole and blank diameter and so on except the tooth surface can be also machined, and (iv) the auxiliary apparatus, special type of tools, and special type of machine tools are not needed. For this study, first the tooth profiles of the double-helical gear were modelled using a 3D computer-aided design system and the gear was machined using a CNC machining center based on a computer-aided manufacturing system. Next, the profile deviations, helix deviations, pitch deviations, and surface roughnesses of the manufactured double-helical gears were measured. Afterwards, the relationship between the tool wear and life time of the end mill were made clear. Finally, this manufacturing method was applied to the gears for a double-helical gear pump. As a result, the validity and effectiveness of the manufacturing method of double-helical gears using a CNC machining center were confirmed.
3
Skel, Vladimir. "Oscillation of gear mechanisms of construction machines." E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 04061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126304061.
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The article is devoted to the study of the influence of gearing errors on the vibration activity of the open gear transmission of construction machines. A brief review of the literature on the relevance of the topic of gear dynamics in different industries and the results achieved so far is given. The features of open gears of turning mechanisms of construction machines are highlighted: a large gear ratio, a large gearing module, the absence of a common frame for the gear and wheel, poor transmission lubrication conditions, a small degree of precision in the manufacture of gears and the actual overlap coefficient is close to one. With these features, the main internal source of vibration is the difference between the main steps of the gear and the wheel and the error of the involute profile of the teeth. The results of the study of the influence of these features of vibration damping and open gear transmission on the dynamics of the turning mechanism of the construction machine are presented. The studies were carried out on a generalized two-mass nonlinear dynamic model with internal perturbation from the gear pair and with structural damping. The studies were conducted mainly for the transitional modes of resonance. Based on the analysis of the results obtained and presented in the article, recommendations are given to reduce the fluctuations of the turning mechanisms of construction machines.
4
Jiang, Chuang, Huiliang Wang, Tianhao Han, and Xing Liu. "Simulation and Compensation of Axial Geometric Errors for Cycloidal Gears Based on Form Grinding." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (April 21, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4804498.
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To increase quality, reduce cycloidal gear noise, and avoid unnecessary vibration and shock, a compensation of axial geometric errors method is proposed based on the cycloidal gear form grinding. In the process of machining cycloidal gears, the relative position relationship between the grinding wheel and workpiece is affected by geometric errors of the motion axes, which has serious effects on the surface accuracy of the cycloidal gears. Combined with cycloidal gear form grinding kinematic principles, a geometric error model for each axis of a four-axis computer numerical control form grinding machine is established. By changing the compensation value of the geometrical errors on six degrees of freedom, the error of the cycloid gear tooth surface machined is obtained. Based on a sensitivity analysis of geometrical errors of each axis, the corrections are determined through an optimization process that targets the minimization of the tooth flank errors. The geometric errors of each axis of the cycloid gear grinding machine are compensated, and then, the cycloid gears produced by the machine are processed. Through the processing experiment, the error data of the actual processing before and after the compensation are compared, which indicates that the machining accuracy of the cycloid gear grinding machine is obviously improved. It has an important guiding significance in improving the precision and performance of large CNC form gear grinding machines.
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Mitome, Ken-ichi, Tohru Gotou, and Takeshi Ueda. "Tooth Surface Measurement of Conical Involute Gears by CNC Gear-Measuring Machine." Journal of Mechanical Design 120, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826981.
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Developed is a new tooth surface measurement of conical involute gears by CNC gear-measuring machines. Advances in the design and production of conical involute gears and its wide applications are demanding the measurement of the conical involute gears using CNC gear measuring machines. Therefore, a new concept called an “equivalent helical gear” is introduced. Thus, a conical involute gear can be measured as a helical involute gear. Experiments demonstrate that this new method gives accurate results and has practical value. Finally tooth surface analysis of a conical involute gears is also presented.
6
Tsiafis, Ioannis, Polychronia Mamouri, and Kyriakos Kyriakidis. "Design of a spiral bevel gear acc. to ISO 23509:2006 standards." MATEC Web of Conferences 318 (2020): 01020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031801020.
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When the transmitting of power and torque between parts of a machine requires high efficiency, the most appropriate type of gears are the bevel gears. The two main forms of bevel gears are straight and spiral bevel gears. Manufacturing of bevel gears has been implemented using dedicated bevel gear cutting machines. These machines make the production of this type of gears quite costly. This is the main reason that forced many manufacturers start using CNC milling machines for cutting bevel gears. A combination of a 5-axis milling center machine and a modern computer aided manufacturing (CAM) system that supports a vast number of complicated machining procedures, offers the opportunity of machining high quality bevel gears. This paper concerns the presentation of a program written in MATLAB that calculates the basic designing features of a bevel gear pair, as they described by ISO standard. It is also presented the calculated tooth profiling that is used in order to be designed a 3-D model of the gears in a CAD software.
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Chang, Shinn-Liang, Chung-Biau Tsay, and Shigeyoshi Nagata. "A General Mathematical Model for Gears Cut by CNC Hobbing Machines." Journal of Mechanical Design 119, no. 1 (March 1, 1997): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2828771.
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A hobbing machine’s cutting mechanism is a mechanism with multi-degree of freedom during the cutting process. In this paper, we propose a general gear mathematical model simulating the generation process of a 6-axis CNC hobbing machine based on the cutting mechanism of CNC hobbing machine and worm-type hob cutter. The proposed gear mathematical model can be applied to simulate different types of gear cutting. Some examples are included to verify the mathematical model. Also, a novel type of gear named “Helipoid” which can be used in crossed axes transmission is proposed. The proposed general gear mathematical model can facilitate a more thorough understanding of generation processes and toward the development of novel types of gears.
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Yu, Tao, Ke Dong, Su Yu Wang, and Yu Xia Qian. "Mesh Analysis and Realization of Gear Honing with Globoid Honing Worms on Gear Hobbing Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 37-38 (November 2010): 643–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.37-38.643.
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Gear honing with globoid honing worms is seldom used because it has no distinct advantages to honing with internal geared honing rings. The paper puts forward a new process to honing gear with globoid honing worms on hobbing machines. First the globoid honing worm is profiled by diamond dressing gears, which has the same geometric parameters with the machined gears. Then the profiled globoid honing worm is used to hone workpieces. Both the profiling process and honing process are implemented on same hobbing machines. Meshing and Tooth contact analysis of globoid honing worm profiling has been considered. Meshing equation of profiling process and equation of globoid honing worm tooth flank after profiling are obtained. Experiment testified that it is an applied process and has many advantages.
9
Kuleshkov, Yuri V., Timofey V. Rudenko, Mikhailo V. Krasota, Miroslav Bošanský, and František Tóth. "Performance Features of Tooth Gearing in Gear Hydraulic Machines." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 24, no. 2 (May 21, 2021): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2021-0014.
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Abstract The paper presented determines that the rotation velocities of gears and radii connecting the axes of rotation of the gears with the point of their teeth gearing are not equal with each other. It is explained by the relative slip of involute gear profiles during their rolling. This phenomenon will become a prerequisite for further development of creation of mathematical models in the context of theory of gear hydraulic machines. The models can explain a number of specific phenomena in the operation of gear hydraulic machines, such as pressure and input pulsations, dynamics of hydraulic oil in the cut-off plane, combined torque pulsations in gear hydraulic motors and others.
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Orhevba, Amanda O., Enesi Y. Salawu, Oluseyi O. Ajayi, Anthony O. Inegbenebor, Richard O. Leramo, Joseph O. Dirisu, and Sunday A. Afolalu. "Rinser Machine and the Dynamics-based Failure Analysis for Spur Gear Fault Detection: A Forensic Review." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1054, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1054/1/012056.
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Abstract Gear fault detection and its severity is essential for analyzing the availability, maintainability and reliability of rinser machines. The occurrence of multiple failures of gears and their analysis is becoming more challenging, thereby causing the increased unavailability of rinser machines. This study reviewed the rinser machine and its various advantages and disadvantages, including the problems associated with the machine. More so, various types of failures associated with the spur gears were studied, and it was established that the detection and the diagnosis of gear faults would inform a maintenance planner on scheduled maintenance. Thus, the absence of failure detection will cause uncontrolled machine breakdown and, consequently, result in unsafe operation as well as a loss of productivity. The study concludes and recommends grey cast iron as alternative material that could reduce chemical failure and failure resulting from fatigue.
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Brecher, C. Prof, C. Kiesewetter, M. Kampka, and A. Epple. "Schwingungsphänomene beim Verzahnungshonen*/Vibration phenomena during gear honing." wt Werkstattstechnik online 107, no. 05 (2017): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2017-05-3.
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Die theoretische Leistungsfähigkeit von Verzahnungshonmaschinen lässt sich häufig aufgrund selbsterregter Schwingungen und Abweichungen von der vorgeschriebenen Verzahnungsqualität nicht vollständig ausnutzen. Bislang existieren kaum Untersuchungen für die dynamische Prozess-Maschine-Interaktion beim Verzahnungshonen. Im Fachbeitrag werden daher instabile Bearbeitungsprozesse an einer Verzahnungshonmaschine untersucht. The theoretical productivity of gear honing machines often cannot be fully utilized because of self-excited vibrations and deviations of the required geometric quality of gears. However, so far there is almost no scientific research on the dynamic process-machine-interaction for gear honing. This article deals with the investigation of unstable machining operations in a gear honing machine.
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Ryazanov, S., and M. Reshetnikov. "Calculation of the coordinates of the modified profile of the generating surface of the gear cutting tool." Geometry & Graphics 8, no. 4 (March 4, 2021): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2308-4898-2021-8-4-35-46.
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Spatial helical gears, worm gears with a cylindrical worm, globoid gears, etc., are widely used in most of modern engineering products [1-3; 37; 42]. Cylindrical worm gears are actively used in the creation of metalworking equipment (push mechanisms of rolling mills, presses, etc.), in lifting and transport machines, in drives and kinematic chains of various machine tool equipment where high kinematic accuracy is required (dividing machine tools, adjustment mechanisms), etc.
In a worm gear a cylindrical worm or its cylindrical helical surface can be cut by various technological methods [49-51], but no matter how the shaping of the worm gear elements’ working surfaces is carried out, the worm wheel is cut with a gear cutting tool, whose producing surface coincides with the worm thread’s lateral surface [19; 22; 23]. In this regard, the working surface of the cylindrical worm wheel’s tooth, even with a non-orthogonal arrangement of axes, is an envelope of a one-parameter family of surfaces that gives a linear contact, which presence makes it possible to transfer a large load using a worm gear.
For high-quality manufacturing of worm gears, it is necessary to design and manufacture a productive gear cutting tool - an accurate worm cutter, whose shaping (working) surface must be identical to the profiled worm’s shaping (working) surface [24-27; 54].
One of the most important tasks in the implementation of worm gearing is the problem of jamming of the cylindrical worm and the worm wheel’ contacting surfaces. This problem is excluded by relieving the contacting surfaces’ profile along the contact line. Considering that any violations of contacting surfaces’ geometric parameters affect the change in their geometric characteristics, the tasks of accurately determining the adjustment parameters of the technological equipment, used for shaping the worm and worm wheel, enter into in the foreground of the worm gearing elements production.
In modern conditions of plant and equipment obsolescence, and in particular, of gear cutting machines used for worm gears manufacture, these machines physical wear, implies an inevitable decrease in the accuracy of their kinematic chains. Therefore, in order to maintain the produced gears’ quality at a sufficiently high level, it is necessary to use deliberate modification of contacting surfaces when calculating the worm gearing’s geometric parameters; such modification reduces the worm gear sensitivity to manufacturing and mounting errors of its elements [28-31].
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Nadtoka, Olena, and Denis Nadtoka. "Application of computer technologies for calculation of gears at studying of a course " Details of machines"." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series: Dynamics and Strength of Machines, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2078-9130.2021.1.230814.
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The computer program GearKURT has been created to calculate mechanical gears. The program allows you to calculate gears:
- closed cylindrical spur gear
- closed cylindrical helical gear
- open cylindrical spur gear
- Novikov's gear
- closed bevel spur gear
- closed bevel gear with indirect teeth
- open bevel gear
- worm-gear.
The computer program has a dialog interface written in the object-oriented programming language Delphi and compiled into an exe-file. The program allows you to choose the necessary material and method of heat treatment for the manufacture of gears, to calculate the optimal geometric dimensions and transmission parameters, to determine the design of gears. The program provides all the necessary reference materials in the form of tables and graphs, which must be used to select the coefficients and other values necessary for calculations. The program provides access to the theoretical material of the course "Machine Parts" and the ability to save the results of calculations in a separate file. Recommendations for using this program are given.
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Zhang, Zi Qiang, Sheng Guo Hu, Shao Bo Chen, Run Dian Li, Zhi Dan Zheng, Zhi Feng Deng, Yang Li, and Shao Yu Xie. "Study and Development of Reconfigurable and Multi-Station Auto Shaft Pressing and Assembling Machine for Small Gears." Key Engineering Materials 522 (August 2012): 378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.522.378.
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Aiming at the shaft pressing and assembling process for steel shaft and small gear, which is frequent in toy gear reducer assembling, a reconfigurable and multi-station auto shaft pressing and assembling machine had been developed. In the machine, steel shaft and small gear are positioned in a pre-positioned fixture in advance. The assembling process is carried out in three stations simultaneously. It makes the machines efficiency become higher. Applying the reconfigurable design concept, the machine can be divided into basal modules and changeable modules. The changeable modules can be adjusted or replaced to make the machine fit for components of multifarious small gears and steel shafts with different length and diameter. Each module of the machine is introduced in detail and related problems are discussed in the paper.
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Fot, A. P. "ABOUT IMPROVEMENT OF SETS OF REPLACEABLE GEARS GUITARS METAL CUTTING MACHINES." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 286 (January 2021): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2021.01.pp.021-025.
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The article is devoted to the problems of modernization of the existing fleet of metal-cutting machines. The purpose and objectives-to determine ways and practical recommendations for resource saving in the production of machine components for the manufacture of complex products. The methods used are comparative computational experiments to determine the performance characteristics of sets of replaceable gears. The presented material contains practical recommendations on the choice of evaluation indicators and improvement of sets of replaceable gears of two-pair guitars of various gear-processing machines (5B12, 5A308P, 5111 and 5K32) based on the results of research. Confirmed the possibility of improving the characteristics of kits while maintaining the number of wheels in the kits. In conclusion, it is noted that the proposed solutions contribute to an increase in the integral quality index by 1,2857 – 6,3742 times, a decrease in the total weight of the wheels of the set by 1,4824 – 3,3093 times, an increase in the number of realized gear ratios by 1,2622 – 3,7525 times, an increase in the average density of the values of the gear ratios by 1,2136 – 3,7781 times.
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Yousef, Samy, T. A. Osman, M. Khattab, Ahmed A. Bahr, and Ahmed M. Youssef. "A New Design of the Universal Test Rig to Measure the Wear Characterizations of Polymer Acetal Gears (Spur, Helical, Bevel, and Worm)." Advances in Tribology 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/926918.
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This work aims to study the wear characterization of common types of acetal polymer gears (spur, helical, bevel, and worm) using a new TS universal test rig, in order to obtain reliable results and as a reference when compared with acetal nanocomposite gears later. The TS universal test rig consists of three different units that are connected by a main driver shaft and a pair of constantly meshing metal spur gears, which transfer power to the bevel and worm test units. The first unit is used to test the bevel gears, the second unit is used to test the spur and helical gears, and the third unit is used to test the worm gears. The loading mechanism is similarly designed to block the brake mechanism. Hobbing and milling machines were used to machine an injection-moulded polymer flanges and produce the tested gears. All gear pairs, except the worm gear, have identical gear ratios. The experiments were performed at speed 1420 rpm and the torque was 4 Nm. The results showed that the wear rates (in the form of weight loss) of spur gears were consistent with the previous results and the other gear types had larger wear rates.
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Vinogradov, B. V., D. O. Fedin, V. I. Samusia, and D. L. Kolosov. "Dynamic loads in self-aligning gear transmissions of heavy loaded machines." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 1 (2021): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-1/084.
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Purpose. Development of a mathematical model of a heavy loaded gear transmission with a self-aligning drive gear; evaluation of the dynamic load on the gear transmission in the gear alignment process. Methodology. The calculation schematic and equations of the relative motion of the self-aligning drive gear are formed using the methods of rigid body dynamics. Analytical expressions for the gear self-alignment time, collision velocity during the alignment and dynamic load factor are obtained by integrating an ordinary differential equation. Methods of the linear theory for oscillations are used to determine the dynamic factor. Findings. The article investigates the state-of-art design and mathematical models of the self-aligning gear. An equation for the relative motion of the moving part of the gear has been formed using the methods of rigid body dynamics. It is shown that by using the proposed hypotheses, the movement of the gear can be reduced to rotation about the instantaneous axis. The influence of geometric and dynamic parameters of the ball mill drive on dynamic loads in the open gear transmission is investigated. The gear alignment speed dependences on the tooth mesh misalignment angle in the gear transmission and the inertial parameters of the gear have been obtained. The obtained dependencies were used to calculate the time and speed of the gear alignment in the open gear transmission of the ball mill 5.5 6.5 (central discharge ball mill). It is shown that in the real range of mesh misalignment angles and gear parameters, the time of the gear alignment is several orders of magnitude less than the time of teeth re-engagement. In the presence of the variable component of the mesh misalignment angle, the gear will constantly make a relative motion with strikes; depending on the current value of the mesh misalignment angle, the dynamic load on the gear transmission can be significant. It is shown that when assessing the efficacy of self-aligning gears, it is necessary to take into account a possible increase in dynamic loads. The dynamic factor and the load factor are calculated for the nominal value of the mesh misalignment angle in the open gear transmission of 5.5 6.5 ball mills. Originality. A mathematical model of the dynamics of a self-aligning gear transmission in heavy duty machine drives has been developed. A quantitative assessment of internal dynamic load factor in an open gear transmission of 5.5 6.5 ball mills has been carried out. Practical value. A method for determining the dynamic component of the load on a gear transmission containing a self-aligning drive gear has been developed.
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Fot, Andrey, Vladimir Rassoha, and Evgeniy Pen'kov. "IMPROVEMENT OF METHODICAL SUPPORT IN OPERATION SETUP OF UNIVERSAL MACHINE-TOOLS AT MOTOR CAR REPAIR COMPANIES." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2021, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/1999-8775-2021-6-36-46.
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The investigation purpose: simplification and ensuring tooling high performance of two-pair gear trains in machines with change gears.
Methods used: numerical experiments for the characteristics definition of change gear sets in gear trains, a comparative analysis of different sets characteristics, a result visualization in a table form.
Relevance of the method offered is substantiated with considerable labor intensity in the definition of the gear combination in gear trains by existing methods based on tables use mainly through possible way selection.
Novelty: there are offered special algorithms of setup calculations decreasing operation time for the choice of gear combinations of gear trains.
Basic results: there are developed computer programs for the definition of gear train combinations required and an electronic directory for machine-tool two-pair gear train setups recommended for use by workers of technological departments and in design service in production activities of engineering and motor car repair companies, in research centers and colleges (in thesis investigations, in training processes of engineering experts).
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Zhao, Wanhua, Zhuang Liu, Yong Yang, Zheng Zou, Ruizhi Shu, Sicong Lei, and Xu Gao. "Improving the transmission error source tracing method for gear hobbing machines." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 14, no. 1 (January 2022): 168781402110729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211072962.
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By considering the uncertainness of initial measuring position of encoders and signal sidebands caused by the fault gear pair, this paper presented a new comprehensive harmonic analysis method for the transmission error of gear hobbing machine. Based on that, a test platform was established, in which two circle grating encoders were connected to the hob spindle and workpiece spindle respectively. With the help of this new harmonic analysis method as well as the self-developed test platform, a new improved transmission error fault diagnosis method was developed for the gear hobbing machines. To verify its accountability, a case study was conducted on a YS-type gear hobbing machine. According to the spectrum amplitude comparison and the analysis of harmonic frequency distribution, the fault transmission gear pair was successfully located. This improved transmission error source tracing method was very helpful for quantifying both the manufacturing qualities and assembly qualities of parts and locating potential error source for new gear hobbing machines.
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Komori, Masaharu, Fumi Takeoka, Aizoh Kubo, Hiroshige Fujio, Takehiro Ito, Sonko Osawa, Osamu Sato, and Toshiyuki Takatsuji. "Laser Interferometric Measuring Method of Involute Artifact and Stabilization of Measurement." International Journal of Automation Technology 5, no. 2 (March 5, 2011): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2011.p0144.
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Vibration and noise are serious problems with involute spur and helical gears used, e.g., in drivetrains of vehicles such as automobiles. The gear tooth flank form of micrometer order markedly affects gear vibration and noise; therefore, the tooth flank form quality must be strictly controlled to maximize gear performance. Tooth profile measuring machines used in calibration for form error inspection of involute gears usually use an involute artifact, which itself must be calibrated highly accurately. However, it is typically difficult for current tooth profile measuring machine using contact stylus to calibrate the involute artifact with a high accuracy while satisfying traceability to a national standard. A highly precise and traceable measuring technology for the involute artifact is therefore required. The direct measurement of the involute artifact we propose uses a laser interferometer, whose measurement stability is confirmed in experiments measuring the detailed form of an involute tooth flank.
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Song, Wei, Hua Zhou, and Yonggang Zhao. "Design of the conjugated straight-line internal gear pairs for fluid power gear machines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 227, no. 8 (November 23, 2012): 1776–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406212466479.
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The conjugated straight-line internal gear pair, including a pinion with straight-line profile and an internal gear with profile conjugated to the pinion profile, is the key components to the conjugated straight-line internal gear pumps. Truninger [ Truninger gear pump. Patent 3491698, USA, 1970] pointed that this kind of gear pairs leads to a very small trapped volume, which is 10 times smaller than that of the conventional involute internal gear pumps. Therefore, it can yield significant reduction in noise levels of the pumps. However, to the authors’ knowledge, there is no research on the design of these gear pairs until now. First, our study describes the straight-line profile of the pinion mathematically with definitions of some geometric parameters. Second, according to the theory of gearing, the mathematical models of the rack-cutter and the conjugated internal gear are derived. Then, the condition to avoid overcutting is obtained for the generation of the pinion by a rack-cutter. Finally, the condition to avoid interference in the internal gear pair is derived as a non-linear equation system and an algorithm is developed to find a numerical solution. Two examples are presented to demonstrate how to determine tooth numbers of the internal gears for avoiding interference. It is hoped that the study in this article should be helpful to the designers of the conjugated straight-line internal gear pairs. Moreover, it could provide a prepared knowledge for the researchers to investigate the performances of the fluid power gear machines, pumps, and motors, with the conjugated straight-line internal gear pumps.
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Medvedev, Vladimir I., and Andrey E. Volkov. "Synthesis of Spiral Bevel Gear Transmissions With a Small Shaft Angle." Journal of Mechanical Design 129, no. 9 (August 3, 2006): 949–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2748448.
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An algorithm for synthesis of spiral bevel gear transmissions with a small shaft angle is presented. The algorithm of synthesis provides machine-tool settings with account of design limits for majority of gear generating machines. The proposed algorithm makes it possible to decrease the dimensions of machines that are used for gear and pinion tooth generation. The computer program of synthesis is developed that is based on described algorithm. Recommendations on selection of proper synthesis parameters are presented. An example of synthesis and analysis of a transmission is considered.
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Liu, Chien-Sheng, and Yang-Jiun Ou. "Grinding Wheel Loading Evaluation by Using Acoustic Emission Signals and Digital Image Processing." Sensors 20, no. 15 (July 22, 2020): 4092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20154092.
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In the manufacturing industry, grinding is used as a major process for machining difficult-to-cut materials. Grinding is the most complicated and precise machining process. For grinding machines, continuous generating gear grinding machines are widely used to machine gears which are essential machine elements. However, due to its complicated process, it is very difficult to design a reliable measurement method to identify the grinding wheel loading phenomena during the grinding process. Therefore, this paper proposes a measurement method to identify the grinding wheel loading phenomenon in the grinding process for continuous generating gear grinding machines. In the proposed approach, an acoustic emission (AE) sensor was embedded to monitor the grinding wheel conditions; an offline digital image processing technique was used to determine the loading areas over the surface of Al2O3 grinding wheels; and surface roughness of the ground workpiece was measured to quantify its machining quality. Then these three data were analyzed to find their correlation. The experimental results have shown that there are two stages of grinding in the grinding process and the proposed measurement method can provide a quantitative grinding wheel loading evaluation from the AE signals online.
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Fan, Qing Rong, Kiyotaka Ikejo, and Kazuteru Nagamura. "Detection of Damaged Tooth by Support Vector Machines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 627 (September 2014): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.627.79.
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Gear is one of the most important and commonly used components in machine system. Early detection of gear damage is crucial to prevent the machine system from malfunction. This paper proposes a method for detection of damaged tooth based on support vector machines. Statistical parameters of standard deviation, root mean square value, maximum value and mean value are extracted from the vibration signal as representative features of tooth conditions to be input to the support vector machine classifier. The validity of the presented method is confirmed by the application of detecting early damaged tooth during the cyclic fatigue test. The vibration acceleration on gear box is acquired as original data. Furthermore, the signal of each gear tooth is separately extracted from the signal for a further analysis.The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Saketharaman, K., C. M. Meenakshi, and D. Ravi. "Analyzing the Life Prediction of Spur Gear based on Vinyl Ester with Different Fibre Proportion." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2272, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2272/1/012014.
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Abstract The gear is an essential part of every mechanical power transmission system, as well as most industrial rotating machinery. Gears may grow to dominate as the most effective mechanism for transmitting power in future machines due to their high degree of durability and compactness. The vinyl ester resin have high strength and low frictional of porous carbon material. The Vinyl ester resin is used as a reinforced material in plastic gear. In this work, Vinyl Ester and Glass fiber composite material with different proportions were equipped for strengthen cast plastic gear. The spur gear pair was used as the test gears, and the glass transition temperature and fatigue tests were used to determine the gear's life span. Finally, the composite gear has to be analyzed.
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Salakhov, Ildar Ilgizarovich, Ildus Rifovich Mavleev, Vladimir Vladimirovich Voloshko, Ilnur Dinaesovich Galimyanov, and Rayaz Takhaviev Khalimovich. "Analysis Workflows Gear Hydraulic Machines." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 13, no. 2 (June 25, 2016): 779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2097.
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Fong, Z. H., and Bill Chung-Biau Tsay. "A Study on the Tooth Geometry and Cutting Machine Mechanisms of Spiral Bevel Gears." Journal of Mechanical Design 113, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2912788.
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The tooth geometry and cutting machine mechanisms of spiral bevel gears are investigated. Based on the kinematics of titled head cutter, machine cradle, sliding base and work head, the matrix presentation of spiral bevel gear’s tooth geometry are developed. The relations between the parameters of the proposed mathematical model and the machine settings of existing spiral bevel gear cutting machines are also investigated. The tilt of head cutter axis, motion of generation, helical motion of sliding base, and nongenerating cutting of spiral bevel gears are taken into consideration. An example is given to illustrate the application of the proposed mathematical model.
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Pop, Claudia V., and D. Foreran. "State of the art of Multiport Electrical Machines and Magnetic Gears with respect to Wind Power Generation Application." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (September 2022): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.206.
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This paper presents a state of the art of multiport machines and magnetic gears designed for power generation applications. A multiport machine consists mainly of an electrical machine wo which a magnetic gear is integrated. Thus, one can get a device with more than two shafts, capable to operate at different levels of torque and speed. The main structures found in the literature, their operation, speed increase capability, materials, advantages and disadvantages are depicted in this review-type paper.
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Bodzás, Sándor. "Analysis of the Effect of the Addendum Modification Coefficient for Contact Surfaces of Spur Gear." Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 69, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2019-0001.
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AbstractThe spur gear is widely used in many types of machines and appliances that is why the research of the connection analysis of them (Tooth Contact Analysis, TCA) is very important because of the development of these gears. The TCA analysis is a complex task because the mathematical description, the CAD modelling process, the overall designing process, the manufacturing process of the gears and the definition of the mechanical parameters have to be known. After the gear designing process the gear pairs have to be analysed by TCA method to determine the typical dimension of the mechanical parameters in case of given load. Knowing of the result we can reason for the appropriate gear geometry of the given construction and working conditions.
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Sivák, S., and S. Maláková. "Constructional design of the body shape of large gear wheels." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1199, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1199/1/012019.
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Abstract The development of modern machines and means of production is characterized by ever-increasing performance parameters with decreasing equipment weight. When designing large gears, it is also necessary to consider the influence of the body shape of the gear wheel. The body shape of gear wheel must meet the basic requirements of stiffness and strength with the lightest possible construction of the gear wheel body. The work is focused on large gears, made with relief. Such gears can be forged, cast, or made by welding. The shape of the gear wheel body depends on several factors such as the size of the wheel, the material, the method of manufacture or use. The paper provides an overview of the body shapes used by large spur gears. These body shapes of spur gears will be the subject of further research, where suitability will be assessed based on stiffness of teeth and wheel weight.
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Gołębski, Rafał. "Experimental Method of Machining Gears with an Involute Profile Using CNC Lathe with Driven Tools." Materials 15, no. 3 (January 29, 2022): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15031077.
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There are many ways of machining gears; the world’s manufacturers of machine tools have patented many methods that allow for the production of gears in an accurate and efficient way. In general, the patented methods require the use of kinematically complex and expensive CNC machine tools. These tools, moreover, the production of the technology itself, including the machining code, require the use of dedicated software. Therefore, it seems justified to strive for the application of kinematically simple and relatively cheap machines in the machining processes so as to increase the universality and availability of new machining methods. This paper presents a method of machining a spur gear with straight teeth with an involute profile using a basic CNC lathe DMG MORI CLX350V4 equipped with driven tools. On the basis of the presented mathematical model, an algorithm was developed to generate a code that controls the machining of cylindrical gears with an involute profile of straight teeth, with the possibility of modifying the transition profile and the tooth root. The machining was experimental, and the gear was made of aluminium AlSi1MgMn using a solid carbide cylindrical cutter. In conclusion, the presented method was found to be very competitive with commercial methods and is able to provide very high quality gears. The accuracy of the machined profile form deviation in the entire processing did not exceed an average value of 10 μm; while assessing the tooth line, the basis average error was 5 μm. Finally, the gear was assessed as manufactured in accuracy class 6. This machining method guarantees very competitive machining cycle times, and thanks to the use of an uncomplicated CNC lathe and universal tools, it provides great flexibility, at the same time giving the possibility of machining gears with arbitrary profiles.
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Khodaee, Alireza, and Arne Melander. "Process Planning of Gear Rolling with the Finite Element Method." Key Engineering Materials 622-623 (September 2014): 986–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.622-623.986.
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Gear rolling is a new gear manufacturing process which can partly replace traditional gear milling processes. High gear wheels with modules of 4mm up to 6mm are of interest to truck manufacturing. The process is of interest since it involves no material removal and since it has the potential to give good performance of the gear wheels. The process must be adopted for the large plastic deformations which occur for gear rolling with large modules. In this paper special emphasis will be put to loads and torques during the gear rolling process of gear wheels with large modulus. The FE method will be used to model the plastic deformation process to fully form a gear wheel with the gear rolling method. The radial and axial loads and the torques in this process are predicted. The loads of the process are high compared to the situation for small gear wheels so simulation of load level is essential for the design of rolling machines for high gears.
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Irgashev, A., B. A. Irgashev, and A. B. Aliyorov. "Evaluation of the degree of abrasive particles activity in oil of machine units involved in the wear process of toothed wheels." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2176, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2176/1/012030.
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Abstract This article discusses the regularities of changes in the activity of abrasive particles in the oil of machine units participating in the process of gear-wheel wear at constant and increasing concentrations. They vary depending on the number of loading cycles of gear teeth, considering the share of crushed abrasive particles in one loading cycle of the gear teeth. This makes it possible to obtain regularities in the change of concentrations of active abrasive particles in the oil depending on the gear modules and the number of loading cycles, taking into the account the fraction of crushed abrasive particles per cycle of loading the gear. This technique can be used to determine the duration of the test of the gear wheel material on samples at a constant total concentration of abrasive particles in the oil change for the units of machines with gear drives operating in the presence of abrasive particles in the working environment. The case under consideration corresponds to the operating conditions of the gear transmission in the unit, which allows calculating the oil change period in the units of machines operating in an abrasive environment.
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Amarnath, Muniyappa. "Local Fault Assessment in a Helical Geared System via Sound and Vibration Parameters Using Multiclass SVM Classifiers." Archives of Acoustics 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 559–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoa-2016-0054.
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Abstract A gear system transmits power by means of meshing gear teeth and is conceptually simple and effective in power transmission. Thus typical applications include electric utilities, ships, helicopters, and many other industrial applications. Monitoring the condition of large gearboxes in industries has attracted increasing interest in the recent years owing to the need for decreasing the downtime on production machinery and for reducing the extent of secondary damage caused by failures. This paper addresses the development of a condition monitoring procedure for a gear transmission system using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and support vector machines (SVMs). Seven conditions of the gear were investigated: healthy gear and gear with six stages of depthwise wear simulated on the gear tooth. The features extracted from the measured vibration and sound signals were mean, root mean square (rms), variance, skewness, and kurtosis, which are known to be sensitive to different degrees of faults in rotating machine elements. These characteristics were used as an input features to ANN and SVM. The results show that the multilayer feed forward neural network and multiclass support vector machines can be effectively used in the diagnosis of various gear faults.
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Langston, Lee S. "Not So Simple Machines." Mechanical Engineering 135, no. 01 (January 1, 2013): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2013-jan-3.
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This article talks about evolving technologies in making efficient gears for different auto engines. Gears are integral to a new engine that has the potential to change commercial aviation. Pratt & Whitney’s geared turbofan (GTF) jet engine will have significantly better fuel economy and much quieter operation. The P&W GTF combines existing jet engine technology with the well-established mechanical engineering technology of gears. Due to its high bypass ratio, the geared turbofan engine is 16% more efficient than standard jet engines. A key facility for developing the GTF gearbox has been a specially designed four-square gear test rig at P&W’s Middletown plant. The orientation of the GTF test gearboxes can be adjusted with respect to gravity to simulate different flight conditions. After an extensive program using a four-square rig and a long history of gearbox experience associated with their very popular turboprop gas turbines at Pratt & Whitney Canada, P&W engineers are convinced their new GTF engines will have a bright future.
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Zhang, Hai, Zhou Xu, and Wei Fu. "Research on Intelligence Inspections of Gear Profile Deviation." Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (December 2012): 703–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.703.
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Gear profile deviation means deviation of actual gear profile compared with normal gear profile which is calculated in the gear end plane erected with gear involutes. And it is a main project for assessing moving tranquility. But tradition measuring machines couldn’t own universality well, and they were prone to being impacted by human beings. The paper shows a new method that DMIS programs for inspecting gear profile deviation can be generated automatically in Pro/CMM software according to CAD model of gear and then coordinate measuring machine will be driven by them to inspect gear profile deviation. The measurement method can achieve high-precision measurement collection points, high efficient measurement process, less manual intervention and low-level error.
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Zhao, Jie, and Chun Hua Li. "Gear Fault Diagnosis Based on Wavelet-Support Vector Machines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 33 (October 2010): 450–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.33.450.
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According to the characteristics of gear vibration noise large and fault diagnosis complex, the paper proposes the method of gear fault classification based on wavelet analysis - Support Vector Machines (SVM). This method effectively eliminates the noise interference of the gear signals. The classification model of gear diagnosis applicable to small samples is established and the result of simulation shows that the model can correctly realize gear fault.
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Abdukarimov, A., A. Abdullajonov, and A. Abdukarimov. "Kinematics of the transmission gear mechanism for roller machines with different diameters of drive shaft." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1182, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1182/1/012002.
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Abstract The article describes the arrangement, principle of operation and kinematic analysis of a ten-link gear-lever differential transmission mechanism with a parallelogram lever contour for roller machines with different diameters of the working shafts. The purpose of the kinematic analysis of the transmission mechanism is to determine the velocities and accelerations of the mechanism links, the gear ratio of the mechanism, and to show the constancy of the gear ratio of the transmission mechanism when the center distance of the driving and driven tooth gears changes. An important condition for the normal operation of roller machines with different diameters of the working shafts is the coincidence of the gear ratio of the working shafts and the gear ratio of the transmission mechanism between these shafts. Initially, the kinematics of the mechanism was performed using the analytical method. In the analytical study of the mechanism, the centroid method was used. Dependencies for determining the kinematic parameters of the ten-link gear-lever transmission mechanism are derived. The advantages and disadvantages of this method are shown. Further, to compare the results of the study, the kinematics of the mechanism is performed by the graphic-analytical method. The method developed by the authors was used in the graphic-analytical study.
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Solf, Mareike, Rafael Bieker, Christoph Löpenhaus, Fritz Klocke, and Thomas Bergs. "Influence of the machining strategy on the resulting properties of five-axis hard-milled bevel gears." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 21-22 (March 2, 2019): 7358–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219834590.
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On universal milling machines, bevel gears can be produced with standard end mills. Due to the flexible process kinematics, there are fewer restrictions with regard to implementable component geometries compared to conventional gear-cutting processes. The quality requirements for bevel gears allow deviations of only a few micrometers. For this reason, small production-related deviations can lead to the exceedance of the permissible tolerances. Furthermore, surface integrity is decisive for the load-carrying capacity of gears. In this report, the influence of the process on the bevel gear quality and the properties of the near surface zone is analyzed.
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Nikolić, Ružica R., Svetislav Marković, Dušan Arsić, Vukić Lazić, Branislav Hadzima, and Robert Ulewicz. "Influence of different hard-facing procedures on quality of surfaces of regenerated gears." Production Engineering Archives 27, no. 4 (November 20, 2021): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2021.27.34.
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Abstract During the process of regeneration of machine parts, certain phenomena occur that have a significant impact on the loss of their working ability. Hereditary properties are expressed by the interdependence of geometric and physical-mechanical-metallurgical parameters of gear teeth created during the technological operations of regeneration of worn teeth by hard-facing. The influence of the type of additional material (electrodes and their combinations) on the tribological characteristics of welded gear teeth was considered, whereby the so-called hard additional materials were applied. Those are the additional materials that give the required surface hardness of the teeth without subsequent thermal or thermochemical treatment. This research did not involve the regeneration of specific worn gears removed from machine systems, but the new gears were made, which were then damaged and then regenerated by hard-facing using the shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) procedure. Thus, all the tested gears were made of the same material, belonged to one batch and were machined on the same machines with the same machining regimes. The tests were performed on samples made of 20MnCr5 steel for cementation, on a tribometer by the “block on disc” method, which was designed to simulate the operating conditions of coupled teeth of concrete gears in the exploitation conditions. Based on the conducted tribological tests, the average coefficients of friction and topography of the surfaces were determined by measuring the wear trace and it was defined which additional materials give the best tribological characteristics of the surfaces of gears regenerated by hard-facing.
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Prikhod’ko, A. A. "KINETOSTATIC ANALYSIS OF DOUBLE-SATELLITE PLANETARY MECHANISM WITH ELLIPTICAL GEARWHEELS." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 278 (May 2020): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2020.05.pp.033-039.
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Non-circular gears can be used in modern machines and mechanisms for the implementation of various types of output link movement and have high strength and compactness compared to linkage mechanisms. The article considers the problem of kinetostatic analysis of the planetary mechanism, which provides the rotationally reciprocating motion of the stirred tank impeller. Proposed mechanism is a two-satellite single-row planetary gear with two external gears, in which one pair of gears is elliptical gearwheels. There are constructed calculation schemes, kinetostatic balance equations are compiled and solved for each link of the mechanism. There are found reactions in kinematic pairs and a balancing moment on the input shaft of the mechanism, which are presented as functions of forces on the angle of rotation of the input link. The results can be used in the synthesis, analysis and design of various machines and mechanisms with the proposed kinematic scheme of planetary gear.
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Prikhod’ko, A. A. "KINETOSTATIC ANALYSIS OF DOUBLE-SATELLITE PLANETARY MECHANISM WITH ELLIPTICAL GEARWHEELS." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 278 (May 2020): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2020.05.pp.033-039.
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Non-circular gears can be used in modern machines and mechanisms for the implementation of various types of output link movement and have high strength and compactness compared to linkage mechanisms. The article considers the problem of kinetostatic analysis of the planetary mechanism, which provides the rotationally reciprocating motion of the stirred tank impeller. Proposed mechanism is a two-satellite single-row planetary gear with two external gears, in which one pair of gears is elliptical gearwheels. There are constructed calculation schemes, kinetostatic balance equations are compiled and solved for each link of the mechanism. There are found reactions in kinematic pairs and a balancing moment on the input shaft of the mechanism, which are presented as functions of forces on the angle of rotation of the input link. The results can be used in the synthesis, analysis and design of various machines and mechanisms with the proposed kinematic scheme of planetary gear.
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Chandanshive, Mr Ankush Vilas, and Prof D. H. Nimbalkar. "Design, Analysis and Weight Optimization Lathe Machine Gear by Using Composite Material." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 484–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47018.
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Abstract: To design the spur gear to study the weight reduction and stress distribution for cast steel and composite materials. Gearing is one of the most critical components in a mechanical power transmission system, and in most industrial rotating machinery. It is possible that gears will predominate as the most effective means of transmitting power in future machines due to their high degree of reliability and compactness. In addition, the rapid shift in the industry from heavy industries such as shipbuilding to industries such as automobile manufacture and office automation tools will necessitate a refined application of gear technology. To design the spur gear model using designs software. To study the impact analysis for cast steel and composite materials. To study the torque loading for cast steel and composite materials. Finally, comparing and analysing of the composite gear with existing cast steel gear is to be done
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Strilets, Oleh, Volodymyr Malashchenko, and Sylwester Kłysz. "Review and complement of methods for changing the movement speed of mechanisms and machines elements." Ukrainian Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science 7, no. 1-2 (2021): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ujmems2021.01-02.009.
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In mechanical drives of machines there is a need to control changes in the speed of their actuators. Stepped and stepless gearboxes are used for this purpose. Known speed control devices have many disadvantages that adversely affect the durability and reliability of drive components and machines in general. These include the design complexity, high material consumption, automation complexity, dynamic loads during transitions from one speed to another, intensive wear of parts due to the friction connections use. The purpose of the work is to develop an algorithm for determining the kinematic, power parameters and dimensions when designing speed change devices through the ring gear of a gear differential with a rotary stopper in the form of a closed-loop hydraulic system based on authors’ previous computer-theoretical research and classical scientific advices. To solve these problems analytical expressions and graphs have been obtained for the relationship between speeds of gear differential links, the efficiency has been determined by the method of potential power – based on friction losses in each gearing. With the help of computer modeling of analytical expressions, using the MATLAB software, graphical dependences of efficiency have been obtained, which made it possible to evaluate the accomplishment of the gear differential in terms of energy consumption and possible self-braking. Based on Lagrange's theory, a dynamic model of a speed change device with a ring gear control has been constructed and a solution of the obtained system of equations has been proposed. The 3D modeling of the device has been executed and at the final choice of the optimum variant of model, after some specifications, development of technical documentation can be started. The results obtained have practical application at the stage of development and design of new speed control devices through the ring gear, allow to evaluate the operation of gear differentials in terms of energy consumption and self-braking and are the basis for further research. The graphical dependences obtained for the efficiency of the gear differentials clearly allow us to trace the change in the value of the efficiency depending on the angular velocity of the ring gear and the gear ratio. For the first time, analytical expressions were obtained to determine the efficiency of the gear differential of a speed-changing device with a driving sun gear, driven carrier, or vice versa, more accurately. The resulting graphical dependences for efficiency visually allow to trace change of efficiency value depending on angular speed of a ring gear, as a control link, and the gear ratio. Results are recommended for introduction into design and engineering practice at development of designs of speed change devices through differential gears of drives of various equipment and in educational process of higher technical educational institutions in discipline of mechanical engineering. Areas of further research – improvement of speed change devices through gear differentials in the design, manufacture, operation and repair.
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Ishin, Nikolay, Serhii Gavrylov, Arkadiy Goman, Andrey Skorokhodov, and Juriy Dakalo. "COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE RESIDUAL LIFE OF GEARS BASED ON VIBRATION MONITORING DATA." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series: Engineering and CAD, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2079-0775.2021.2.16.
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A computational and experimental method for estimating the residual life of gears in the inter-repair period is proposed. The method is based on the main provisions of the theory of vibration-pulse diagnostics of spur gears, developed at the OIM of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. The main performance criteria are the contact and bending endurance of the teeth. Accounting for changes in the value of the coefficient of internal dynamic load in the gearing during the operation of gears is carried out on the basis of vibration analysis during their vibration monitoring. The proposed method makes it possible to estimate the residual life of the gear mechanism at any stage of operation, providing the opportunity to organize the transition from planned preventive maintenance of machines to maintenance according to the actual condition. An example of estimating the residual life of a gear pair that limits the reliability of a two-row planetary gear motor-wheel of a heavy-duty dump truck is given. Keywords: gear transmission; vibration monitoring; residual life; inter-repair period; internal dynamic load in engagement
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Koura, Omar Monir. "CNC Routine for Manufacturing Spur Gear." Applied Mechanics and Materials 598 (July 2014): 539–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.598.539.
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Manufacturing of spur gears on CNC machining centers and CNC wire cutting is randomly used due to the difficulty in producing the perfect gear profile. The present paper faces this problem by developing a special cycle that can be used on both types of machines. A code for this cycles is designed to read the part program of any product and if detects the code nominated for this cycle (G77) which indicates that a gear needs to be cut, it develops the geometrical statements of the gear profile and the motion statements. It follows by writing the full code of the cycle. The validity of the designed model was verified on a CNC simulator.
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Abdul, Zrar Kh, Abdulbasit Al-Talabani, and Ayub O. Abdulrahman. "A New Feature Extraction Technique Based on 1D Local Binary Pattern for Gear Fault Detection." Shock and Vibration 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8538165.
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Gear fault detection is one of the underlying research areas in the field of condition monitoring of rotating machines. Many methods have been proposed as an approach. One of the major tasks to obtain the best fault detection is to examine what type of feature(s) should be taken out to clarify/improve the situation. In this paper, a new method is used to extract features from the vibration signal, called 1D local binary pattern (1D LBP). Vibration signals of a rotating machine with normal, break, and crack gears are processed for feature extraction. The extracted features from the original signals are utilized as inputs to a classifier based onk-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for three classes (normal, break, or crack). The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated for gear fault detection, on the vibration data obtained from the Prognostic Health Monitoring (PHM’09) Data Challenge. The experiment results show that the 1D LBP method can extract the effective and relevant features for detecting fault in the gear. Moreover, we have adopted the LOSO and LOLO cross-validation approaches to investigate the effects of speed and load in fault detection.
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Radzevich, Stephen P. "A Way to Improve the Accuracy of Hobbed Involute Gears." Journal of Mechanical Design 129, no. 10 (October 19, 2006): 1076–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2761919.
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Involute gears are widely used in the design of machines and mechanisms. Performance of gear transmissions, e.g., performance of automobile transmissions, strongly depends upon the accuracy of gears of which the transmission is comprised. The higher the gear accuracy, the higher performance of the gear transmission observed. An increase of accuracy of involute gears reduces vibration of the transmission, and causes lower noise excitation. A significant amount of gears for the needs of the automotive industry is manufactured by hobbing. Reported in this paper is a way to improve the accuracy of hobbed involute gears that requires an appropriate alteration of design parameters of the hob to be applied. The required correction of design parameters of the hob can be computed on the premises of in-depth analysis of kinematic geometry of meshing of the hob and of the work gear, i.e., of design parameters of the hob, as well as an analysis of kinematics of meshing of the gear work and of the hob. An analytical approach for computation of the required alterations in design parameters of the involute hob is reported in the paper. Using commercial software MathCAD/Scientific, numerous computer codes are developed for performing the necessary computations. A numerical example of computation is presented. The reported results of research are ready to put into production.
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Zhou, Zhi Gang, Da Tong Qin, Jun Yang, and Hui Tao Chen. "Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Wind Turbine Planetary Gear System Coupled with Bearing at Varying Wind Speed." Applied Mechanics and Materials 86 (August 2011): 653–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.86.653.
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The sparse least squares support vector machines (SL-SVM) is used to simulate wind speed of real wind field, and time-varying wind load caused by stochastic wind speed is then obtained. A coupling gear-bearing dynamical model of planetary gear transmission system of wind turbine is built using lumped-parameter method, in which the varying wind load, time-vary mesh stiffness of gear pair and time-vary stiffness of rolling element bearing are taken into account. Numerical method is used to simulate the dynamic performance of planetary gear transmission of multibrid technology wind turbine (MTWT) with 1.5MW rated power, the vibration displacement responses of gears and dynamic meshing forces of gear pairs as well as nonlinear bearing forces in the transmission system are obtained, and the influence rules of external varying wind load on the vibration characteristics of transmission system of wind turbine are studied. The research results lay a foundation for dynamic performance optimization and reliability design of gear transmission system of wind turbine.
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HM, Gatot Basuki. "Production Machine Maintenance Analysis Using the Failure Mode And Analysis Method and Logic Tree Analysis d i P T Symgreen Gresik." Journal of Applied Sciences, Management and Engineering Technology 3, no. 2 (October 4, 2022): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31284/j.jasmet.2022.v3i2.3183.
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Maintenance of production machines is a production control to maintain the productivity of the production process. PT. Symgreen is a company that produces ice cream sticks. To achieve optimal results, regular machine maintenance is required. The occurrence of damage to the production machine experienced during the production process, in some damage to machine components, so that production results were reduced. The Failure Mode and Effect Analysis method is used to identify the failure mode and overcome the failure mode in every machine breakdown. To determine the failure mode category for the corrective steps that must be taken immediately and the direction of action that must be chosen to overcome the failure mode, LTA (Logic Tree analysis) is used. The results of the analysis showed that there were 4 machines and 2 types of damage based on the components of the production machine, namely the cutting machine the problem was in a broken bearing with RPN 144 in category B, rotary engine gear cracked RPN 125 category B, rotary engine spindle stuck RPN 125 category B, engine champering gear broke RPN 120 category B, printing machine gear cracked RPN 125 category C. P roposed repairs by performing regular maintenance on machine components, compiling work manuals on each machine.Keywords: Failure Mode, Production Machine, FMEA, LTA, RPN.