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Tomlinson, Dennis Churchill. "Nature and technology in GDR literature." Thesis, University of Bath, 1993. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332289.
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Gregson, Julie. "Engendering the GDR : DEFA cinema 1956-1966." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14353/.
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This thesis examines four films made during two key phases in East German film history in the mid-1950s and the mid-1960s which have earned critical acclaim for their challenge to cultural-political orthodoxy and which I read as national narratives offering political, social, cultural and historical constructions of GDR identity. I argue that narrative representations of gender and sexuality serve in the films as a means towards negotiating between affirmation and critique. My analyses are informed by a wide range of other DEFA films. Chapter One sketches broader political and film-historical contexts. Chapter Two examines the role that gender discourse plays in differentiating East from West in the depiction of the frontier city of Berlin in Gerhard Klein's Berlin-Ecke Schonhauser. Chapter Three focuses on Konrad Wolf’s adaptation of Christa Wolfs novel Der geteilte Himmel. It shows how the film articulates competing views of the GDR, but instrumentalizes the female character ultimately to endorse socialist society in a divided Germany, and expresses her attachment to this new society in terms of a family-type relationship. Chapter Four examines how Frank Vogel's Denk bloss nicht, ich heule seeks to mediate between the 'national' past and present, using a triangular family plot. In Chapter Five, the analysis of Frank Beyer's Spur der Steine centres upon the role of a lone female in the film's reforming exploration of the overwhelmingly male collective, but shows how it leaves the status of sexuality - whether for pleasure or for reproductive ends - unresolved. There has been little in-depth study of the way gender representation relates to constructions of the GDR in films of this period. This study remedies this omission, showing how the film-makers frequently rely upon conservative gender paradigms to manage the contradictions implicit in their project and how the endings of the films increasingly come under strain.
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Solbrig, Jacob H., and Jacob Hagen Solbrig. "Stasi Brainwashing in the GDR 1957 - 1990." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2431.
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This thesis examines the methods used by the Ministerium für Staatssicherheit (MfS), more commonly known as the Stasi, or East German secret police, for extraction of information from citizens of the German Democratic Republic for the purpose of espionage and covert operations inside East Germany, as it pertains to the deliberate brainwashing of East German citizens. As one of the most efficient intelligence agencies to ever exist, the Stasi’s main purpose was to monitor the population, gather intelligence, and collect or turn informants. They used brainwashing techniques to control the people of the GDR, keeping the populace paralyzed with fear and paranoia. By surrounding themselves with a network of informants they prevented actions against the dictatorial communist regime. Using the video testimonies of former prisoners, and former confidential informants who worked closely with and collaborated with Stasi agents, in combination with periodicals and previous historical studies, this work argues that the East German Police State’s brainwashing techniques had long and lasting consequences both for German citizens, and for the psychiatric health of former GDR citizens. The scope and breadth of the techniques and data compiled for use by the Stasi were exhaustive, and the repercussions of their use are still being felt and discovered twenty five years after the fall of the Berlin Wall. This study aims to show the lasting effects brainwashing had on former informants and the Stasi’s victims.
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Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan. "Wasserstoffeffekt und -analyse in der GDS - Anwendungen in der Werkstoffforschung Hydrogen effect and analysis in GDS - applications in material science /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10361088.
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Pohl, Reinhard. "The education of hydraulic engineers in the GDR." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-160838.
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More than 40 years the political, social, economic and technical development in the two German states went different ways until 1990. This also applies to the education of civil engineers in the field of hydraulic engineering. The author undertakes the attempt to trace a picture of the related development in East Germany. During the GDR-period the Dresden University of Technology was the major place for university education of hydraulic engineers (GDR = German Democratic Republic). This is why the development of the education in Dresden and its relations to the hydro practice will be mainly considered here. In this paper the facts, the problems and the achievements are told and discussedBis 1990 ging die politische, soziale, wirtschaftliche und technische Entwicklung in beiden deutschen Staaten mehr als 40 Jahre getrennte Wege. Das trifft auch für die Ausbildung von Wasserbauingenieuren zu. Die Autoren unternehmen den Versuch, das Bild der zugehörigen Entwicklung im Osten Deutschlands nachzuzeichnen. Sie konzentrieren sich dabei auf die Technische Universität Dresden als den Hauptstandort der damaligen universitären Wasserbauausbildung in der DDR. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz werden die Tatsachen, die Probleme und das Erreichte dargestellt und besprochen
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Pohl, Reinhard. "The education of hydraulic engineers in the GDR." Technische Universität Dresden, 2010. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28548.
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More than 40 years the political, social, economic and technical development in the two German states went
different ways until 1990. This also applies to the education of civil engineers in the field of hydraulic engineering. The author undertakes the attempt to trace a picture of the related development in East Germany. During the GDR-period the Dresden University of Technology was the major place for university education of hydraulic engineers (GDR = German Democratic Republic).
This is why the development of the education in Dresden and its relations to the hydro practice will be mainly considered here. In this paper the facts, the problems and the achievements are told and discussed.Bis 1990 ging die politische, soziale, wirtschaftliche und technische Entwicklung in beiden deutschen Staaten mehr als 40 Jahre getrennte Wege. Das trifft auch für die Ausbildung von Wasserbauingenieuren zu. Die Autoren unternehmen den Versuch, das Bild der zugehörigen Entwicklung im Osten Deutschlands nachzuzeichnen. Sie konzentrieren sich dabei auf die Technische Universität Dresden als den Hauptstandort der damaligen universitären Wasserbauausbildung in der DDR. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz werden die Tatsachen, die Probleme und das Erreichte dargestellt und besprochen.
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O'Doherty, Paul. "The portrayal of Jews in GDR prose fiction." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294494.
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Mokhtari, Soroush. "Developing a Group Decision Support System (GDSS) for decision making under uncertainty." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5675.
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Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problems are often associated with tradeoffs between performances of the available alternative solutions under decision making criteria. These problems become more complex when performances are associated with uncertainty. This study proposes a stochastic MCDM procedure that can handle uncertainty in MCDM problems. The proposed method coverts a stochastic MCDM problem into many deterministic ones through a Monte-Carlo (MC) selection. Each deterministic problem is then solved using a range of MCDM methods and the ranking order of the alternatives is established for each deterministic MCDM. The final ranking of the alternatives can be determined based on winning probabilities and ranking distribution of the alternatives. Ranking probability distributions can help the decision-maker understand the risk associated with the overall ranking of the options. Therefore, the final selection of the best alternative can be affected by the risk tolerance of the decision-makers. A Group Decision Support System (GDSS) is developed here with a user-friendly interface to facilitate the application of the proposed MC-MCDM approach in real-world multi-participant decision making for an average user. The GDSS uses a range of decision making methods to increase the robustness of the decision analysis outputs and to help understand the sensitivity of the results to level of cooperation among the decision-makers. The decision analysis methods included in the GDSS are: 1) conventional MCDM methods (Maximin, Lexicographic, TOPSIS, SAW and Dominance), appropriate when there is a high cooperation level among the decision-makers; 2) social choice rules or voting methods (Condorcet Choice, Borda scoring, Plurality, Anti-Plurality, Median Voting, Hare System of voting, Majoritarian Compromise ,and Condorcet Practical), appropriate for cases with medium cooperation level among the decision-makers; and 3) Fallback Bargaining methods (Unanimity, Q-Approval and Fallback Bargaining with Impasse), appropriate for cases with non-cooperative decision-makers. To underline the utility of the proposed method and the developed GDSS in providing valuable insights into real-world hydro-environmental group decision making, the GDSS is applied to a benchmark example, namely the California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta decision making problem. The implications of GDSS' outputs (winning probabilities and ranking distributions) are discussed. Findings are compared with those of previous studies, which used other methods to solve this problem, to highlight the sensitivity of the results to the choice of decision analysis methods and/or different cooperation levels among the decision-makers.M.S.
Masters
Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil Engineering; Water Resources Engineering
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Švejdová, Petra. "Současná role GDS na trhu distibuce služeb cestovního ruchu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-161971.
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Aviation industry is in many ways considered a pioneer, especially in innovation and implementation of new materials and technologies. The aim of this thesis is to provide comprehensive and complex information on the matter, pointing out the differences in distribution systems and scenarios outlining the expected evolution of these systems in the future. The dissertation defines the basic concepts and the nature of the problem and also talks about the historical development of the GDS to better understand the current ownership and evaluate the importance and status of GDS in the Czech and world market. It analyzes selected GDS and graphically illustrates the positions of the GDS on the certain markets within the category. The basic method used is the comparison which was done by putting the specifics of individual GDS and their subsequent comparison, the thesis also includes SWOT analysis.
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Denis, Mathieu. "Labor in the collapse of the GDR and reunification." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16406.
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Waren die Arbeitnehmer bei den Ereignissen 1989/90 in Deutschland involviert? Die meisten Untersuchungen über die Revolution und die darauffolgende Vereinigung Deutschlands verneinen dies; die vorliegende Untersuchung behauptet aber das Gegenteil. Durch die Kontextualisierung der Dynamiken in der ost- und westdeutschen Arbeitnehmerschaft schafft sie ein neues Bild von vermeintlich bekannten Ereignissen. Die Studie untersucht die unterschiedlichen Wege auf denen die ost- und westdeutsche Arbeitnehmerschaft zu entscheidenden Akteuren 1989-1990 wurden. Zunächst stellt sie die Beteiligung der ostdeutschen Arbeitnehmer an der Revolution heraus, durch das Aufdecken von vielfältigen Überschneidungen der Entwicklungen in den Betrieben und auf der Strasse. Dynamiken innerhalb der Arbeitnehmerschaft, so zeigt die Studie, waren ein Kernbestandteil der politischen Prozesse, welche das Ende der DDR markierte. Darauffolgenden konzentriert sich die Analyse auf die Politik von vier Westdeutschen Gewerkschaften (Metall, Chemie, Medien und Öffentlicher Dienst) und ihres Dachverband (DGB) und deckt die Einrichtung eines Krisenmanagement der ostdeutschen Wirtschaftreformen, zwischen der Westdeutschen Regierung, Arbeitgebern und Gewerkschaften auf. Bereits im Februar 1990 gegründet, führte dieses formelle und informelle Abkommen zur Erhaltung der existierenden Westdeutschen Institutionen, Normen und Akteure der sozialen Systeme und industriellen Beziehungen im vereinten Deutschland. Die Kehrseite dieser institutionellen Erweiterung war die schnelle Etablierung der Gewerkschaftsstrukturen in Ostdeutschland, der letzte Aspekt, welcher in der Arbeit analysiert wird. Die schnelle Verbreitung der DGB Gewerkschaften und der Arbeitgeberverbänden war eine organisierte „tour de force“. Die Kosten für die Gewerkschaften waren die Unterwerfung der ostdeutschen Gewerkschaftsaktivisten unter die „neuen“ Gewerkschaften und die Abkehr vom Kern der programmatischen Forderungen zu Hause.Was labour involved in the events of 1989-1990 in Germany? Most studies of the East German revolution and the subsequent unification of Germany say no. This study argues in the opposite direction and by contextualizing the dynamics of East and West German labour offers a new picture of supposedly well-known events. The study explores the different ways in which East and West German labour became crucial actors in 1989-1990. It first enlightens the participation of East German workers to the revolution, by revealing the multifaceted overlapping of developments in the shop floors and the streets. Dynamics within labour, the work shows, were a core constituent of the political processes that marked GDR''s end. The analysis then focuses on the politics of four West German unions (metal, chemistry, media, and public service) and of their federation (DGB) and unearths the setting up of a tripartite crisis management of the East German economic reforms, between the West German government, employers and unions. Set up as early as February 1990, this formal and informal agreement led to the adjunction of the "social" dimension to the Monetary, Economic and Social Union of May 1990, i.e. the preservation of the existing West German institutions, norms and actors of the social systems and industrial relations in unified Germany. The two collective bargaining partners became in charge of keeping social tension to a minimum during the economic reforms, through the tools of collective bargaining. The flipside of this institutional extension was the rapid setting up of trade unions structures in eastern Germany, a last aspect analyzed in this work. The rapid extension of the DGB unions and employers associations was an organizational "tour de force." But it came with a cost for the trade unions: the subjection of East German union activists in the "new" unions, and the renunciation to core programmatic claims at home.
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Strasser, Salinas Karl Walter. "Desarrollo de una aplicación de aprendizaje colaborativo sobre plataformas PDA." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/104491.
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Barros, Edson de Almeida Rego. "Interlocutor: uma metodologia de mediação coletiva em trabalho cooperativo suportado por computador." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-15092006-175019/.
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A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar e explorar uma metodologia na área de Trabalho Cooperativo Apoiado por Computador (Computer Supported Cooperative Work CSCW), que aborda processos colaborativos unindo indivíduos, assim como grupos, para que possam trabalhar em conjunto visando metas comuns, estando fisicamente ou não no mesmo local, atuando de forma síncrona ou assíncrona. A metodologia proposta procura reunir o conhecimento de várias pessoas sobre determinados temas, por meio de um sistema de comunicação em rede de computadores, transformando o grupo de indivíduos em uma única voz, sendo o sistema o Interlocutor do grupo. O Sistema Interlocutor funciona em rede e depende de três módulos: o Interrogador que é a comunicação com o meio externo, o Colaborador que é o canal para participação dos membros do grupo, e o Servidor que controla o funcionamento de todo o aplicativo. A metodologia Interlocutor é inspirada em conceitos extraídos de várias áreas tais como Inteligência Coletiva, método Delphi, estrutura de Comitês, Sistemas de Apoio à Decisão (Group Decision Support System - GDSS), Grupos de Trabalho (Groupware) entre outros. Esta metodologia pode ser empregada em situações críticas, que demandam respostas rápidas e precisas, ou mesmo em contextos planejados nos quais se deseja estudar alternativas detalhadamente. Na presente tese são apresentados três possíveis cenários de aplicação da metodologia proposta, bem como possíveis configurações para futuros estudos mais apurados. São apresentados ainda os resultados dos testes efetuados em um desses cenários que validaram a metodologia. Em conclusão, a metodologia Interlocutor é uma forma para a criação e o funcionamento de sistemas capazes de obter resultados de Inteligência Coletiva.The present research aims to identify and to explore a methodology in the area of Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), encompassing cooperative processes that joint individuals, as well as groups, in a way that they can work seeking common goals together, being or not physically in the same place, acting synchronously or asynchronously. The proposed methodology searches to gather the several people's knowledge on certain themes, through a communication system in net of computers, transforming the individuals' group in a single voice, being the system the Interlocutor of the group. The Interlocutor System works in net and it depends on three modules: the Interrogator that it is the communication with the external middle, the Collaborator that it is the channel for participation of the members of the group, and the Servant that controls the operation of the whole application. The Interlocutor Methodology is inspired in extracted concepts of several such areas as, among others, Collective Intelligence, method Delphi, structure of Committees, Group Decision Support System (GDSS), Groupware. This methodology can be used in critical situations, that demand quick and necessary answers, or even in planned contexts in which it is wanted to study alternatives in full details. The present thesis presents three possible sceneries of application of the proposed methodology, as well as possible configurations for futures approaches. It is also presented the results of the tests made in one of these sceneries that validated the methodology. In conclusion, the Interlocutor Methodology is a form for the creation and the operation of systems capable to obtain results of Collective Intelligence.
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Harnisch, Henriette. "Variations in the political appropriation of classics in GDR theatre at the time of the collapse of the GDR and the reunification of Germany." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251519.
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Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan. "Wasserstoffeffekt und -analyse in der GDS - Anwendungen in der Werkstoffforschung." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2002. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1043735902484-90570.
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Im Rahmen der Dissertation wurden mit der Glimmentladungs-Spektrometrie Materialproben untersucht, die Wasserstoff enthalten. Auch sehr geringe Gehalte, z.B. im µg/g-Bereich, können nachgewiesen werden. GD-OES ist oft die einzige Methode, die für diese analytische Aufgabenstellung zur Verfügung steht. Die Anwesenheit von Wasserstoff im Glimmentladungsplasma bewirkt verschiedene Effekte: (i) die Signalintensitäten der meisten analytischen Emissionslinien und der des Trägergases werden beeinflußt, (ii) aus dem Wasserstoffkontinuum resultiert ein erhöhter spektraler Untergrund, (iii) der elektrische Widerstand des Plasmas steigt und (iv) die Abtragsraten sinken. Zum Verständnis dieser Effekte werden grundlegende Untersuchungen zu den Anregungs- und Ionisationsmechanismen im Glimmentladungsplasma durchgeführt. Da es keine geeigneten Materialien gibt, für die der Gehalt an Wasserstoff stabil sind, wurden die Wasserstoffeffekte und die Möglichkeit des Nachweises von Wasserstoff durch Zugabe wohl definierter Mengen gasförmigen Wasserstoffs in das GD-Plasma simuliert. Für die Änderungen (i) de Analyt- und Trägergassignale, (ii) des Entladungsstroms als abhängigen GD-Pa-rameter sowie (iii) des Wasserstofflinien- und Kontinuumspektrums wurde experimentell festgestellt, dass sie sehr ähnlich sind, unabhängig davon, ob der Wasserstoff aus der Probe kommt oder als Gas ins Plasma eingeleitet wird. Die Anwesenheit von Wasserstoff im GD Plasma beeinflußt die Form des Abtragskraters, durch den die Tiefenauflösung bestimmt wird. Dieser Effekt kann gezielt bei nichtleitenden Schichtmaterialien genutzt werden, um die Tiefenauflösung zu verbessern. Weiterhin können Empfindlichkeit und Nachweisgrenze von bestimmten Emissionslinien eines Analyten verbessert werden. Der Was-serstoff im elektrolytischen (Cd- oder Zn-)Schichtsystem kann die Materialeigenschaften ver-schlechtern. Beispielhaft sei die Versprödung genannt. Mit der GD-OES Tiefen-profilanalyse kann die Wirkung thermischer Nachbehandlungen, die in der Technik üblich sind, verfolgt werden. Es konnte an praktischen Beispielen gezeigt werden, dass für erfolgreiche Anwendungen der GD-OES für Dünnschichtanalytik die Reinheit (d.h. minimale H-Effekte) der GD-Quelle von entscheidender Bedeutung ist.
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Ross, Gordon Charles. "The swastika in socialism : right-wing extremism in the GDR /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2000. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/318765462.pdf.
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Westgate, Geoff. "Strategies under surveillance : reading Irmtraud Morgner as a GDR writer." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312861.
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Bridge, Helen. "Transforming history : women's prose writing and historiography in the GDR." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313554.
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Stott, Rosemary. "The Western feature film import in the GDR 1971-1989 :." Thesis, University of Reading, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435708.
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Ross, Gordon Charles. "The swastika in socialism : right-wing extremism in the GDR." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300908.
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This is the first empirical investigation of right-wing extremism in the GDR produced in English. Based on original research in the former GDR state archives as well as interviews with former right-wing extremists, it reconstructs and discusses the nature of right-wing extremism in the GDR, focusing, in particular, on the decade 1980-1990. The major aim of the thesis is to provide a fuller characterisation of the phenomenon in order to understand its existence and development in a self-proclaimed socialist, anti-fascist state. This aim is achieved by reconstructing right-wing extremism from the empirical and secondary sources and highlighting affinities between the dominant political culture of the GDR and the salient features of GDR right-wing extremism. The major findings of the study can be summarised as follows: right-wing extremism in Germany after the Wende was not simply a result of the problems associated with German re-unification but represents a continuation of a right-wing subculture that was developing into a small but militant political movement in East Germany before 1990 The right-wing extremists themselves were predominantly drawn from families closely associated with the regime and displayed no especial signs of socio-economic deprivation or social marginalisation. The motivation for right-wing extremism in the GDR was based largely on ethno-nationalist arguments which were mobilised and legitimised within mainstream political culture and a legitimacy crisis that undermined the regime in the 1980s.
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Thompson, Anne Marie. "The role of GDR children's literature during the Honecker years." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30832.
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Forgan, Leonard George. "Gastrointestinal Physiology of Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum) with Gastric Dilation Air Sacculitis (GDAS)." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1285.
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The syndrome known as Gastric Dilation Air Sacculitis (GDAS) has recently been described by Lumsden et al. (2002) for Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Walbaum), in seawater (SW) culture in New Zealand. The syndrome is characterised by distended abdomens, gastric dilation and air sacculitis, increased feed conversion ratios (FCR) and mortality. Consequently, financial returns on affected stocks are greatly reduced. A study into the epidemiology and physiology of the syndrome was initiated, working with the major aquaculture company, The New Zealand King Salmon Company (NZKS). The study revealed causative factors of GDAS. GDAS was experimentally induced only in saltwater by feeding a commercially manufactured low-cohesion pelleted diet. Control groups were fed a different diet with high physical cohesion. Low-cohesion pellets have previously been associated with a high incidence of GDAS in commercial sea cages. These data implicated osmoregulatory stress and physical properties of the feed in GDAS development. In addition, gastrointestinal (GI) physiology in GDAS -affected and -control fish was characterised. The process of GDAS development in O. tshawytscha is characterised by a loss of smooth muscle tone of the stomach as it distends. Laplace's law (P= 2T/r, where P is the distending pressure, T is the tension in the wall and r is the radius of the cylinder) predicts that unless muscle mass increases, the ability of the stomach wall to contract will be lost and consequently a loss of GI motor function will result. Therefore, GI circular smooth muscle integrity in terms of (1) stimulated and maximal contractility, (2) osmoregulatory ability of the intestine and the (3) control of the GI system was studied in pathologically affected (+ve) and unaffected (-ve) smolt. Affected fish showed changes in GI circular smooth muscle function and osmoregulatory dysfunction. Feeding different diets induced distinct gastric evacuation patterns. The intestinal brake hypothesis is presented and argued to be the probable mechanism for GDAS development. GDAS (+ve) serum showed the presence of factors capable of contracting gut smooth muscle. In addition, potential humoral mediators of the intestinal brake in fish were investigated.
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Langston, Derek. "The German liberals : reunification and disunification." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274805.
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The central questions focus upon an examination of the (re)unification of Liberal parties in the GDR with the FDP (Freie Demokratische Partei), examining the integration processes involved and an assessment of the longer term impact of Liberal party (re)unification. The first chapter entails a historical overview of the Liberal parties in Germany prior to 1953, and sets out to isolate recurrent themes and influences in the development of German Liberal parties, facilitating a greater understanding of present-day considerations, in addition to serving as a statement on the latest research in this field. The second chapter deals with the events of 1989-90. It analyses the mechanics of the process of uniting all Liberal groupings in the GDR with the FDP. The interpretation of the events and the actors involved is scrutinised. The third chapter contains an analysis of the subsequent waning of FDP support; and, ascertains the nature of the party today (mid-September 2001). This chapter examines whether the FDP performance in the 1990s was a continuation of identifiable past trends, and whether the waning of support was due to external or internal factors, concluding that all three factors were at work. In this sense, the relatively strong FDP performance in the Bundestag election of December 1990 may be interpreted as an exceptional result. The fourth chapter examines the response to the decline in support, concluding that the response is essentially a rebranding of the FDP with a remarkable degree of constancy in policy. This study is the first of its kind in the UK. It is also an analysis of the first decade of the FDP in united Germany, and a statement of the present standing of the FDP.
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Woodley, Daniel. "Im Mittelpunkt steht der Mensch : Socialist rationalisation and the division of labour in the German Democratic Republic 1961-1989." Thesis, University of Essex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268864.
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Vaughn, Gary L. "The construct validity of the short form geriatric depression scale (GDS)." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/720318.
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The recognition and diagnosis of elderly depression has been the focus of much research over the last 20 years (Brink, 1982; Goodstein, 1985; Klerman, 1983). One problem in diagnosing depression in the elderly has been adequate assessment devices that are sensitive, specific, and predictable with this population (Yesavage et al., 1983). One assessment device developed specifically for the elderly is the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) (Brink et al., 1982;Yesavage et al., 1983). This depression scale has yielded high reliability and validity with other self-rating depression scales. In recent research a Short Form Geriatric Depression Scale was produced containing 15 items, all from the original Long Form GDS. A problem with the Short Form involves the lack of research concerning its construct validity. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate that the Short Form Geriatric Depression Scale does measure depression in the elderly, and therefore, does possess construct validity. To accomplish this task, it was believed that if significant correlations could be identified between various psychosocial variables highly associated with depression in the elderly and the Short Form GDS, validity could be established. The five psychosocial variables chosen: gender differences, physical/health problems, insufficient social support, marital status, and socioeconomic status (finances), have all been shown to be highly related-to depression in the elderly.The information used for this project was gathered from a survey questionnaire developed by the Institute of Gerontology at Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana. The survey questionnaire was sent to over 5,000 randomly selected elderly in the state of Indiana ranging in age from 60 to 85. Of the approximately 5,000 surveys, 2,979 were completed and returned. The survey incorporated questions concerning the five psychosocial variables reviewed and a modification of the Short Form GDS.In order to test the various hypotheses of the study, several analyses were conducted. Based upon the outcome of these analyses, it was concluded that the Short Form Geriatric Depression Scale does possess construct validity. It was also concluded that the Short Form Geriatric Depression scale does assess depression in the elderly and thus is a valid instrument to use in the assessment of depression with the elderly adult.Based upon the information obtained from the survey following hypotheses were supported:a. Elderly individuals with physical disabilities and/or health related problems had higher total GDS scores on the Short Form. b. A positive relationship was found between physiological problems in the elderly and total GDS score.c. Elderly individuals having no social support system had higher total GDS scores on the Short Form.d. A negative relationship existed between an elderly individual's social support system and total GDS score.e. Elderly widows and widowers produced higher total GDS scores than married elderly.f. Elderly individuals with low economic status had higher total GDS scores than elderly individuals with high economic status.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Fenemore, Mark. "Nonconformity on the borders of dictatorship : youth subcultures in the GDR." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272763.
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Van, der Heyden Ulrich Klaus Helmut. "GDR development policy with special reference to Africa, c. 1960-1990." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001860.
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This thesis explores the political, economic and theoretical underpinnings of the German Democratic Republic’s (GDR’s) development policies towards the Third World between c.1960 and 1990. Particular attention is paid to Africa. Case studies of assistance to SWAPO and the ANC further focus the attention of the reader on southern Africa in particular. Aspects of both military and civilian aid are considered, including both development initiatives overseas in Africa, and development training for Africans within the GDR itself. Since German “reunification”, the GDR’s history has been explored largely from a West German perspective. The present work attempts to provide a more balanced view of successes and shortcomings of the GDR’s policies towards, and interaction with, African countries and liberation movements. It also aims to bring to the attention of English-speaking readers German archival sources, other primary sources and published works which they would otherwise have been unlikely to encounter. From its formation, the GDR made strenuous efforts to develop relations with countries which were either free from colonial dependency or were struggling for freedom. Over the course of thirty years, it followed a number of different approaches, and developed diverse objectives. These were shaped in the wider context of the cold war, the Hallstein doctrine (which established that the FRG – and, in effect, its allies - would not establish or maintain diplomatic relations with any state that recognised the GDR), the relationships between the GDR and partner socialist states, and the economic difficulties faced by the GDR. Arising from this complex situation, from time to time, both internally in the GDR and in terms of its foreign affairs, tensions and discrepancies arose between theoretical objectives and political and economic reality. Despite these severe constraints, during the period under review, the volume and range of the GDR’s relationships with developing countries increased dramatically. For example, between 1970 and 1987, the number of developing countries with which the GDR had foreign economic relations on the basis of international agreements grew from 23 to 64. Viewed within its economic context, the state was arguably far more committed to development aid than the Federal Republic of Germany. In addition, there is a great deal of evidence that “solidarity” with developing nations and the oppressed enjoyed a considerable degree of popular support.
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Hardwick, Victoria. "A legacy of hope : criticial songs of the GDR 1960-1989 /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh267.pdf.
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Bertot, Charlotte. "Le rôle des cellules microgliales dans le développement des circuits neuronaux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0414/document.
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Les cellules microgliales constituent la population de macrophages résidents du système nerveux central. De par leur appartenance au système immunitaire, elles furent longtemps considérées actives uniquement en conditions pathologiques. Au contraire, ces dernières décennies, elles sont apparues comme physiologiquement actives, notamment au cours de la période critique de formation du système nerveux central. Au cours du développement embryonnaire et postnatal, les neurones nouvellement générés migrent vers leur position définitive avant de développer leur arbre dendritique et axonal afin de former les connexions synaptiques à la base des réseaux nécessaires aux fonctions cérébrales. L'étude des microglies au cours de la période postnatale, a montré l'implication d'un mode de communication spécifique entre les neurones et la microglie, la voie Fractalkine/CX3CR1, dans la mise en place des cellules microgliales d'une part et dans le développement synaptique glutamatergique d'autre part. Cependant, l'importance de cette communication neurone-microglie pour le développement du système inhibiteur GABAergique est peu connue. Au cours de mon travail de thèse, je me suis intéressée au rôle de la voie de communication FractalKine/CX3CR1 dans la distribution des cellules microgliales et le développement postnatal du réseau GABAergique de l'Hippocampe. Nous avons ainsi montré que la suppression du récepteur microglial CX3CR1 induit une diminution du nombre de microglies dans la région CA3 de l'Hippocampe, dans une fenêtre temporelle précise entre 7 et 2 jours après la naissance. Cette diminution du nombre de microglies est corrélée avec une altération de l'activité de réseau au niveau de cette région. En effet, la fréquence des GDPs (Giant Depolarizing Potentials), une activité de réseau impliquée dans la formation et la maturation des synapses et spécifiquement générée en CA3, est diminuée à la fin de la première semaine postnatale. De plus, malgré l'absence de modification majeure de l'activité synaptique glutamatergique et GABAergique, les évènements postsynaptiques GABAergiques présentent une sous population d'évènements plus amples et des cinétiques légèrement plus rapides, pouvant suggérer une modification de la population d'interneurones mis en jeu. L'ensemble de mon travail de thèse met en évidence l'impact de la communication neurone-microglie par la voie Fractalkine/CX3CR1 sur le développement postnatal de l'Hippocampe Son absence affecte d'une part, la colonisation microgliale, et d'autre part, une activité de réseau caractéristique de l'Hippocampe, dans une fenêtre temporelle critique pour la mise en place des connexions synaptiques et la formation des réseaux neuronauxMicroglial cells, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, were mainly studied for their role in pathological conditions, but they recently appeared to be involved in synaptic development and circuits formation during postnatal period. During this critical period, microglial cells colonize the central nervous system and interact with other cell types, including neurons. A specific way of communication between neurons and microglia involves neuronal released fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its specific microglial receptor CX3CR1. CX3CR1 KO mice contributed to unclose microglial role during development. Indeed, CX3CR1 ablation alters microglia distribution in the brain, and it affects glutamatergic transmission and synapse maturation. However, these effects seem to be transient and brain region specific and their mechanisms are poorly understood. Furthermore, some effects observed in juvenile or adult mice may have origin during development, when neuronal connections are established. GABA plays a fundamental role in this process since it is excitatory The influence of neuron.microglia interaction on neuronal activity in the hippocampus during this period is poorly understood. In particular, nothing is known on GABAergic activity, known to be synaptogenic during this period My PhD project aimed at investigating how the signaling fractalkine pathway impacts microglial coloniation of the hippocampus and neuronal activity during the first two postnatal weeks. Our results indicate that in CX3XR1KO mice there is a reduction in the density of microglial cells at P7-P9 in the CA3 hippocampal area, accompanied at P7 by a significant reduction of frequency of Giant Depolarizing Potentials (GDPs), a network activity involved in hippocampal synapse formation and maturation Furthermore, despite no overall difference in glutamatergic or GABAergic synaptic activity, GABAergic events display a subpopulation of larger events, and the kinetics was slightly faster. Thus, the disruption of the specific neuronal.microglia signaling pathway on one hand impacts the microglia coloniation of the hippocampus and on the other hands affects specifically neuronal network activity during a time window critical for the establishment of neuronal connections
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McKay, Joanna Patricia. "The official concept of the nation in the GDR : theory versus pragmatism." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1995. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1376/.
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This thesis is a study of the attempts by the leadership of the GDR to devise a concept of the nation which suited their objectives regarding the future of the state and of Germany as a whole, from 1949 until 1989. A simple analysis of official pronouncements on the subject over the years reveals serious inconsistencies and dramatic U-turns. This thesis considers various factors which may have shaped the official line, including the influence of Bonn and Moscow, public opinion and personal convictions. In particular it examines the input of experts from academic institutions in order to answer the question of whether or not the official line on the nation had a clear theoretical basis, or was purely determined by pragmatic considerations. In order to investigate what lay behind official policy, extensive use has been made of material from the SED's Central Party Archive, and interviews were conducted with leading theorists. In this way it was possible to gain a better understanding of the interaction between the political and theoretical aspects of the National Question in the former GDR. The findings reveal that the official concept of the nation was primarily determined by pragmatic, or even opportunistic considerations, and was viewed by the SED leadership as a means to legitimise the GDR in the absence of alternative methods. Initially the intention was to reinforce the claim that the GDR was a model for a future united socialist Germany, but later a concept was fashioned to support the idea that it was an independent sovereign state, and in no way linked to the Federal Republic. However, the regime was heavily reliant on the skills of theorists to provide credible (Marxist-Leninist) justifications for policy changes, and to modify policies in order to make them more acceptable and therefore more effective as a means to legitimise the state.
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Teschner, Julia Karen. "The Demokratischer Frauenbund Deutschlands : study of a GDR mass organisation in transition." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364347.
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Bland, Richard Julian. "East German cabaret from the end of the GDR to the present." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322981.
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Neather, Edward John. "Education in East Germany 1945-1998 : educational change in the former GDR." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265272.
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Grant, Colin B. "Literary communication from consensus to rupture : practice and theory in Honecker's GDR /." Amsterdam ; Atlanta (Ga.) : Rodopi, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36703124d.
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Bahlenberg, Robin. "Hur påverkar GDPRs krav den enskilda organisationen? : En empirisk undersökning av en kommunal organisation i förändring." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-152439.
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The technological development of digital devices and the rapid increase in global internet usage has forever changed our lives. Ever since Sweden joined the European Union in 1995 it has been under the person data protection directive (95/46/EG) from the same year. Today, more than two decades later a new international regulation will take its place. This will result in major changes in how companies and organizations must handle personal data. Every company and organization within every country within the European Union must adapt to these changes or risk paying rather fees. Not only does this affect the national laws across a continent and companies like Facebook and Sony on a grand scale - but it also affects the local organizations, small companies, and municipalities. It can be hard to understand what this regulation really means and what should be done to follow it. To do that, the entire work process must be redrawn to provide the best protection possible for the individual citizen. The study shows the work progress of a municipality that is in this position and is in need to adjust its work progress. The study shows how they are adapting to the new changes and are dealing with the problems to be ready when the regulation goes live on May 25th, 2018.
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Magnusson, Jonas, and Mathias Olofsson. "GDPRs påverkan vid utveckling av plattformar för tredjepartsapplikationer : En kvalitativ metod bestående av fallstudie, dokumentanalys och intervjuer." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85446.
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Problemet man stöter på när man utvecklar plattformar för tredjepartsapplikationer är att det finns en ny lag som ställer hårda krav för hur man ska göra. GDPR är fortfarande så pass nytt att många företag inte har kunskap om hur man ska förhålla sig till lagen eller hur den påverkar projektet. Vi har intervjuat tre olika informanter och analyserat en dom som föll mot ett tidigare projekt för att upplysa de olika problem som kan uppstå samt för att skapa en förståelse för hur man bör förändra utförandet av utvecklingsprojekt i företag. Informanterna som användes har samtliga haft olika professioner för att skapa en så bred problembild som möjligt. Detta bidrog också till att informanterna fick bemöta andras informanters problem. I studien nämns Sigma Technology som fallföretag eftersom ett av deras projekt, Front-VL, användes som referenspunkt. I slutet av studien ges förslag på vad Sigma behöver göra för att kunna uppnå de lagar och krav som ställs i och med GDPR. Studien visar att man i ett tidigt stadie behöver analysera och kartlägga för hur GDPR ska hanteras i projektet och se lagen som ett ramverk att förhålla sig mot samt att öka kunskapen om lagen hos utvecklare.
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Owen, Ruth J. "The poet's role : lyric responses to German unification, by poets from the GDR." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324345.
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Hope, Jacquie. "Green trends in East Germany : critiques of modern industrial society in GDR literature." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357351.
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Jackson, Jill H. "Generational Identity and the Wende: Institutional Influence and the Last Generation ofthe GDR." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1591777141244554.
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Jacobson, A. "Integration of East German resettlers into the cultures and societies of the GDR." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1464510/.
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A controversy exists in the historiography of ethnic German post-WWII refugees and expellees who lived in the German Democratic Republic. This question is namely: to what extent were these refugees and expellees from various countries with differing cultural, religious, social and economic backgrounds integrated into GDR society? Were they absorbed by the native cultures of the GDR? Was an amalgamation of both native and expellee cultures created? Or did the expellees keep themselves isolated and separate from GDR society? The historiography regarding this controversy most commonly uses Soviet and SED governmental records from 1945-53. The limitation of this approach by historians is that it has told the refugee and expellee narrative from government officials’ perspectives rather than those of the Resettlers themselves. In 1953 the SED regime stopped public record keeping concerning the Resettlers declaring their integration into GDR society as complete. After eight years in the GDR did the Resettlers feel that they were an integrated part of society? In an attempt to ascertain how Resettlers perceived their own pasts in the GDR and the level of integration that occurred, 230 refugees and expellees were interviewed throughout the former GDR between 2008-09. These interviewees represented several homeland origin groups and lived in a variety of localities including small, rural villages; middle-sized, established towns; and huge industrial centers. The results of these interviews have been analyzed in conjunction with primary archival sources and the secondary literature.
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Robb, David. "'Hofnarren der DDR?' : clowns, literature and politics in the Liedertheater of Wenzel and Mensching." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319420.
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Janác̆ková, Son̆a. "Functional maturation of postnatal hippocampus in rodents : electrophysiological approach." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T050.
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Les réseaux neuronaux, pendant leur période de développement, génèrent des patrons d’activité immatures qui sont supposés participer à la formation des circuits neuronaux. Ces activités synchronisées créent des conditions favorables pour la plasticité hebbienne qui soutient la formation des circuits locaux. Les travaux menés notamment sur les systèmes sensoriels ont montré que les circuits pauci-neuronaux locaux sont capables de présenter une activité synchrone tout en étant isolés du reste des structures cérébrales. La moelle épinière isolée produit des bursts qui sont à l’origine des secousses musculaires, la rétine insensible à la lumière génère des ondes d’activité, d’autres régions cérébrales génèrent des activités synchrones avant de remplir la fonction à laquelle ils sont destinés. De manière similaire, l’hippocampe du rat nouveau-né ou primate prématuré in vitro, ainsi que les néocortex immature in vitro, génèrent une activité neuronale synchronisée, appelée giant depolarising potentials (GDPs). En se basant uniquement sur ces études et en prenant en compte la maturation tardive de certaines projections neuronales à distance, il serait tentant de conclure que le cerveau immature fonctionne comme un ensemble de petits modules fonctionnels qui auto-entretiennent leur activité intrinsèque avant de se connecter entre eux pour créer un cerveau fonctionnel adulte. Cependant, certaines connexions à longue distance sont formées très tôt pendant le développement et permettent la propagation des oscillations immatures entre les structures connectées. En effet, les ondes rétinales se propagent au noyau géniculé latéral et ensuite jusqu’au cortex visuel ; les GDPs hippocampiques se propagent à l’hippocampe controlatéral, septum et cortex entorhinal et finalement, les secousses musculaires, en créant un feed-back sensoriel, déclenchent des oscillations gamma immatures ainsi que les spindle bursts dans le réseau thalamo-cortical. Un fonctionnement similaire est décrit chez le nouveau-né prématuré. Il paraît donc plus probable, que le cerveau soit, dès les stades précoces du développement, organisé en sous-systèmes fonctionnels reliés entre eux anatomiquement et fonctionnellement. Au sein des unités fonctionnelles sont générés des patrons d’activité immatures synchrones afin de créer des connexions organisées topographiquement qui serviront de base anatomique de la fonction finale. Si ces étapes développementales sont perturbées pendant les périodes critiques, le système ne pourra pas assurer sa fonction de manière adéquate au stade mature. L’hippocampe mature, ou plus exactement les circuits cortico-hippocampiques, jouant un rôle primordial dans la mémoire déclarative, l’orientation spatiale et l’inhibition du comportement. L’établissement de ces fonctions est progressif au cours du développement. Par exemple les adultes humains n’ont que rarement des souvenirs personnels datant avant l’âge de trois ans. Or, nous savons aujourd'hui que le bébé humain est capable de garder des souvenirs dans la mémoire déclarative (dépendante de l’hippocampe) au cours de la première année de vie avec une efficacité croissante, mais il ne se rappellera pas ces souvenirs à l’âge adulte (Bauer, 2006). Nous ne savons pas s’il s’agit d’un encodage différent d’emblée ou d’un processus secondaire supprimant l’accès à ces souvenirs précoces. Nous pouvons présumer qu’il existe des modifications des activités électrophysiologiques pendant le développement qui soutiennent la modification de ces fonctions. Au cours de ce travail de thèse, nous voulions savoir comment et à partir de quand l’hippocampe, qui reçoit des informations convergentes de nombreuses régions néocorticales, acquiert son mode de fonctionnement adulte. Afin de répondre à cette question nous avons étudié le système cortex entorhinal – hippocampe, le cortex entorhinal étant la principale entrée excitatrice de l’hippocampe et recevant des afférences de nombreuses régions du néocortex. (...)Neuronal networks spontaneously generate “immature” patterns of activity during development, which are thought to participate on the formation of neural circuits. Local neocortical as well as hippocampal circuits generate synchronised neuronal discharges providing support for Hebbian plasticity. Studies of sensory systems showed that local pauci-neuronal circuits were able to generate synchronous activity while isolated from other brain structures. Isolated spinal cord produces bursts evoking muscle twitching, light insensitive retina generates waves of activity, as well as other brain regions generate synchronous activities before fulfilling the function for which they are intended. Similarly, the hippocampus of newborn rat or premature primate in vitro, as well as immature neocortex in vitro, generates synchronised neuronal activity called giant depolarising potentials (GDPs). Based solely on these studies and taking into account the delayed maturation of certain long-distance neuronal projections, it would be tempting to conclude that the immature brain functions as a set of small functional modules that self-maintain their intrinsic activity before connecting together to create a functional adult brain. However, some long-distance connections are formed very early during development and allow the propagation of oscillations between immature connected structures. Indeed, retinal waves propagate to the lateral geniculate nucleus and then to the visual cortex, hippocampal GDPs propagate to the contralateral hippocampus, septum and entorhinal cortex, and finally, twitching, creating a sensory feedback, triggers immature gamma oscillations and spindle bursts in the thalamo-cortical network. A similar functioning is described in the premature newborn. It therefore seems more likely that the brain is, during the early stages of development, organised into functional subsystems interconnected anatomically and functionally. Within functional units are generated immature patterns of synchronous activity to create topographically organised connections that serve as anatomical basis of the final function. If these developmental stages are disturbed during critical periods, the system cannot perform its function adequately in mature stage. The mature hippocampus, or more precisely the cortico-hippocampal circuits, plays a key role in declarative memory, spatial organisation and behavioural inhibition. The establishment of these functions is progressive during development. For example, human adults rarely have personal memories dating before the age of three years. However, we now know that the human baby is able to keep memories in declarative memory (hippocampus-dependent) during the first year of life with increasing efficiency, but will not remember them in the adulthood. We do not know if the encoding of the memories is different or a secondary process inhibits the access to the early memories. We can assume that changes in electrophysiological activity during development support modification of these functions. In this thesis, we wanted to know how and from when the hippocampus, which receives convergent information from many cortical areas, acquires his adult mode of functioning. To answer this question we studied the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus system, entorhinal cortex being the main excitatory input to the hippocampus and receiving afferents from many parts of the neocortex. We were able to distinguish several periods in the development of the immature hippocampus: Period from P1 till P12 characterised by the sole presence of immature sharp waves triggered by the entorhinal cortex. Period from P13, when two types of sharp waves coexisted: the immature sharp waves and sharp waves as described in the adult animals newly emerged. The mature sharp waves, unlike the immature, can be accompanied by ripples. (...)
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Jampol, Justinian. "Swords, doves, and flags : political symbols and their appropriation in the GDR 1949-1989." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547764.
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Creagh, Morven Margaret. "The representation of academic institutions in literature of the GDR and the new Germany." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/55433.
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The study is in two parts. The first part examines the representation of the academic institute and the figure of the academic in GDR literature in the latter half of the GDR state’s existence. Specifically, it explores the interface between realist critiques of science and/or GDR academia and metaphorically coded critiques of the GDR state in a selection of texts by Christa Wolf, Helga Königsdorf and Günter de Bruyn. In this focus on the relationship between the realist and the metaphorical dimensions of the texts, my study differs from previous scholarship which has tended to foreground one or other aspect. A particular focus of this study are the ways in which these writers model the academic institute as a microcosm of the GDR state, with academic research projects standing for the GDR socialist project, and institutional dynamics representing social relations in the GDR. Having explored the relationship between the representation of the academic institute, the academic world and GDR society, I conclude the first part of this study by arguing that, perhaps surprisingly, there are similarities between these GDR ‘academia tales’ and the Anglo-American campus novel. Part Two of the study begins by examining the post-Wende representation of the restructuring, or Abwicklung, of the GDR academic establishment in texts by Helga Königsdorf and John Erpenbeck. This is followed by an overview of a series of texts in which the post-Wende experiences of east German academics, while treated more peripherally, nevertheless generate interesting readings. While there have been many historical and sociological analyses of academic Abwicklung, this is the first to examine literary treatments of the phenomenon. It explores the representation of academic Abwicklung both as a social issue in its own right, and as a starting point for broader political commentaries. Furthermore, by exploring the continued use of the academic institute as a metaphor for the GDR state, even after the latter’s collapse, this study supports the view that the Wende did not lead to an immediate reconceptualisation of political and aesthetic approaches in the literature produced by east German writers.
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Evans, Andrew. "The last gasp of socialism : economic and cultural modernisation in the GDR 1958-1967." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.555887.
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East Germany's history can be broadly divided into two eras: Firstly, the 1950s Aufbau period, in which the need to build a socialist society for future generations was emphasised. Secondly, the so-called 'real-existing socialism' of the 1970s, in which social stability, a sense of belonging and Honecker's 'unity of economic and social policy' were the watchwords. The reforms of the NES, or New Economic System - introduced in 1963 and abandoned at the end of the decade - marked the transition between these two periods and aimed to ensure the state's economic survival. This thesis will examine both the economic and cultural policy of this period in order to contextualise the NES. The reforms typified the regime's new approach to reconciling its desire to maintain control with the need to modernise the GDR. The period is conceptualised using the idea of the dialectic of flexibility and control. In order to maintain its control, the regime needed to allow flexibility of economic and cultural policies, and to adapt its ideology. The NES era was characterised by what can be described as a tum towards the present: economic policy, ideology and culture Increasingly focused on socialism as an already-existing reality, rather than on the future. On the one hand, the economic reforms represented the climax of a productivist model which threw all the SED's utopian aspirations into a desperate drive for economic growth and which look precedence over the democratic political promise made by socialist ideology. On the other hand, however, the NES could only be introduced on the premise that socialism had already developed into what Ulbricht would later describe as a 'relativ selbstandige Gesellschaftsformation'. This development is illustrated with an examination of journal articles published during the NES era, in which writers sought to articulate the socialist essence of the state.
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Zell, David. "Major cultural commemorations and the construction of national identity in the GDR, 1959-1983." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8118/.
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My thesis asks whether cultural commemorations helped the GDR to build a distinct national identity, and examines the role of political and cultural actors involved in them. Covering different strands of German cultural heritage, the aims, implementations and outcomes of anniversary commemorations are investigated as a longitudinal series of case-studies: Schiller (1959); Kollwitz (1967); Beethoven (1970); and Luther (1983). Substantial evidence from largely unpublished sources exposes recurring gaps between the theory and practice of these commemorations, essentially attributable to manifest examples of agency by commemoration stakeholders. Each commemoration produced some positive legacies. But driven mainly by demarcation motives versus West Germany, the appropriation of these German cultural icons as socialist role-models to promote national identity was mostly unsuccessful in three commemorations. Kollwitz was the exception as the GDRˈs claimed linkage to her political life was already undisputed in both German states. These research results are both new and important. They address a gap in both memory studies and GDR history scholarship regarding the relationship between commemorations and national identity. Furthermore, the findings of agency offer an original contribution to historiographical debates, by enhancing a ˈconsensusˈ- /ˈparticipatoryˈ dictatorship model of the GDR in preference to a top-down totalitarian system.
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Kreibich, Stefanie. "Reimagining everyday life in the GDR : post-ostalgia in contemporary German films and museums." Thesis, Bangor University, 2019. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/reimagining-everyday-life-in-the-gdr(0141a354-acab-42c4-9de4-64132d433d18).html.
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In the last decade, everyday life in the GDR has undergone a mnemonic reappraisal following the Fortschreibung der Gedenkstättenkonzeption des Bundes in 2008. No longer a source of unreflective nostalgia for reactionaries, it is now being represented as a more nuanced entity that reflects the complexities of socialist society. The black and white narratives that shaped cultural memory of the GDR during the first fifteen years after the Wende have largely been replaced by more complicated tones of grey. Films and museums depicting the quotidian in East Germany have advanced this transformation of the everyday, as they instigate vital public discourses on how to remember the GDR. By focussing on objects and narratives as transmitters of memory, this thesis brings together museums and films in order to investigate the process of cultural memory formation. This comparative approach, which brings together seven museum and eight film case studies from the last decade, thus demonstrates wider trends in the German memory landscape pertaining to the GDR. Although both nostalgic and hegemonic accounts persist, this thesis finds that memory of East Germany is undergoing a process of democratisation, pluralisation and 'normalisation', which I call post-ostalgia. This is particularly illustrated by a rise in biographical and regionalised remembering in films and museums, in which counter-mnemonic readings of East Germany come to the fore. More pluralistic and balanced representations of the quotidian in the GDR are also emerging through a renegotiation of memory icons and narratives. By contesting the idea of a distinct East German identity and challenging Cold War-rooted stereotypes about former GDR citizens, visual culture is dismantling the notion of the GDR as the 'other' Germany. Instead, as this thesis demonstrates, East Germany is in the process of being normalised in cultural memory by approximation to Western societal norms.
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Mac, Con Uladh Damian Henry Tone. "Guests of the socialist nation? : foreign students and workers in the GDR, 1949-1990." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445676/.
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This thesis explores the everyday experiences of foreign contract workers and international students in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) from 1949 to 1990. Starting with an overview of immigration policy in the socialist state, it demonstrates that this was influenced by older German police traditions as well as by Soviet practice. Although the state aimed at maximum control of foreigners' lives, its system of control and surveillance was never fully effective. As "subjects of social action", foreign workers and students were capable of recognising the extent and limits of state authority and could use the political, economic and social conditions in the GDR to their own advantage. Many foreigners saw the GDR as an opportunity to secure a better future or to explore social activities frowned upon or unavailable in their home countries. The pursuit of their own sense of identity and economic interests generated a mixed response from the East German public and the authorities. Racism did exist in the GDR but the state consistently denied this, claiming rather that East Germany embodied the principles of proletarian internationalism and solidarity. There was positive interaction between foreigners and East German citizens, demonstrated by the existence of social contact and binational relationships. Viewed with disdain by the general public, the authorities implemented extensive measures to prevent marriages taking place, effectively blocking any progress towards a multicultural society. These restrictive practices, along with the inbuilt shortcomings of the planned economy and the controlled media, served to reinforce popular misconceptions about foreigners, leaving a society ill-equipped to deal with minorities since the collapse of the state in 1989.
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Gibson, Louise J. "The individual and society in the GDR under Honecker : orthodoxy, dissidence and internal debate." Thesis, Aston University, 1991. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10294/.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis offers a comparative interdisciplinary approach to the examination of the intellectual debates about the relationship between individual and society in the GDR under Honecker. It shows that there was not only a continuum of debate between the academic disciplines, but also from the radical critics of the GDR leadership such as Robert Havemann, Rudolf Bahro and Stefan Heym through the social scientists, literary critics and legal theorists working in the academic institutions to theorists close to the GDR leadership. It also shows that the official line and policy of the ruling party itself on the question of the individual and society was not static over the period, but changed in response to internal and external pressures. Over the period 1971 - 1989 greater emphasis was placed by many intellectuals on the individual, his needs and interests. It was increasingly recognised that conflicts could exist between the individual and society in GDR socialism. Whereas the radical critics argued that these conflicts were due to features of GDR society, such as the hierarchical system of labour functions and bureaucracy, and extrapolated from this a general conflict between the political leadership and population, orthodox critics argued that conflicts existed between a specific individual and society and were largely due to external and historical factors. The internal critics also pointed to the social phenomena which were detrimental to the individual's development in the GDR, but they put forward less radical solutions. With the exception of a few radical young writers, all theorists studied in this thesis gave precedence to social interests over individual interests and so did not advocate a return to `individualistic' positions. The continuity of sometimes quite controversial discussions in the GDR academic journals and the flexibility of the official line and policy suggests that it is inappropriate to refer to GDR society under Honecker simply as totalitarian, although it did have some totalitarian features. What the thesis demonstrates is the existence of `Teiloffentlichkeiten' in which critical discussion is conducted even as the official, orthodox line is given out for public consumption in the high-circulation media.
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Singh, Pavan Pratap. "An empirical study of the idea generation productivity of decision-making groups implications for GDSS research, design, and practice /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0015/NQ56268.pdf.
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Alberghini, Diana. "Helga Königsdorf's evolving identities : an Eastern German author's responses to an era of personal and political upheaval (1978-1998)." Thesis, University of Bath, 2000. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341678.
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