Relevant bibliographies by topics / GDRs

Academic literature on the topic 'GDRs'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "GDRs"

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Mühlenbruch, Kristin, Rebecca Paprott, Hans-Georg Joost, Heiner Boeing, Christin Heidemann, and Matthias B. Schulze. "Derivation and external validation of a clinical version of the German Diabetes Risk Score (GDRS) including measures of HbA1c." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 6, no. 1 (July 2018): e000524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2018-000524.

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ObjectiveThe German Diabetes Risk Score (GDRS) is a diabetes prediction model which only includes non-invasively measured risk factors. The aim of this study was to extend the original GDRS by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and validate this clinical GDRS in the nationwide German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998 (GNHIES98) cohort.Research design and methodsExtension of the GDRS was based on the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam study with baseline assessment conducted between 1994 and 1998 (N=27 548, main age range 35–65 years). Cox regression was applied with the original GDRS and HbA1c as independent variables. The extended model was evaluated by discrimination (C-index (95% CI)), calibration (calibration plots and expected to observed (E:O) ratios (95% CI)), and reclassification (net reclassification improvement, NRI (95% CI)). For validation, data from the GNHIES98 cohort with baseline assessment conducted between 1997 and 1999 were used (N=3717, age range 18–79 years). Missing data were handled with multiple imputation.ResultsAfter 5 years of follow-up 593 incident cases of type 2 diabetes occurred in EPIC-Potsdam and 86 in the GNHIES98 cohort. In EPIC-Potsdam, the C-index for the clinical GDRS was 0.87 (0.81 to 0.92) and the overall NRI was 0.26 (0.21 to 0.30), with a stronger improvement among cases compared with non-cases (NRIcases: 0.24 (0.19 to 0.28); NRInon-cases: 0.02 (0.01 to 0.02)). Almost perfect calibration was observed with a slight tendency toward overestimation, which was also reflected by an E:O ratio of 1.07 (0.99 to 1.16). In the GNHIES98 cohort, discrimination was excellent with a C-index of 0.91 (0.88 to 0.94). After recalibration, the calibration plot showed underestimation of diabetes risk in the highest risk group, while the E:O ratio indicated overall perfect calibration (1.02 (0.83 to 1.26)).ConclusionsThe clinical GDRS provides the opportunity to apply the original GDRS as a first step in risk assessment, which can then be extended in clinical practice with HbA1c whenever it was measured.
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Chau, Jun Ting, Karen Peebles, Yvonne Belessis, Adam Jaffe, and Michael Doumit. "Distress during airway sampling in children with cystic fibrosis." Archives of Disease in Childhood 104, no. 8 (May 25, 2018): 806–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-314241.

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BackgroundOropharyngeal suction and oropharyngeal swab are two methods of obtaining airway samples with similar diagnostic accuracy in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). The primary aim was comparing distress between suctioning and swabbing. A secondary aim was establishing the reliability of the Groningen Distress Rating Scale (GDRS).MethodsRandomised oropharyngeal suction or swab occurred over two visits. Two physiotherapists and the child’s parent rated distress using the GDRS. Heart rate (HR) was also measured.Results24 children with CF, mean age of 3 years, participated. Both physiotherapist and parent rating showed significantly higher distress levels during suction than swab. Inter-rater reliability for the GDRS was very good between physiotherapists, and good between physiotherapist and parents.ConclusionThe study found that oropharyngeal swab is less distressing in obtaining samples than oropharyngeal suction and that the GDRS was reliable and valid.
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Wappett, Mark, Adam Harris, Alexander L. R. Lubbock, Ian Lobb, Simon McDade, and Ian M. Overton. "SynLeGG: analysis and visualization of multiomics data for discovery of cancer ‘Achilles Heels’ and gene function relationships." Nucleic Acids Research 49, W1 (May 17, 2021): W613—W618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab338.

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Abstract Achilles’ heel relationships arise when the status of one gene exposes a cell's vulnerability to perturbation of a second gene, such as chemical inhibition, providing therapeutic opportunities for precision oncology. SynLeGG (www.overton-lab.uk/synlegg) identifies and visualizes mutually exclusive loss signatures in ‘omics data to enable discovery of genetic dependency relationships (GDRs) across 783 cancer cell lines and 30 tissues. While there is significant focus on genetic approaches, transcriptome data has advantages for investigation of GDRs and remains relatively underexplored. SynLeGG depends upon the MultiSEp algorithm for unsupervised assignment of cell lines into gene expression clusters, which provide the basis for analysis of CRISPR scores and mutational status in order to propose candidate GDRs. Benchmarking against SynLethDB demonstrates favourable performance for MultiSEp against competing approaches, finding significantly higher area under the Receiver Operator Characteristic curve and between 2.8-fold to 8.5-fold greater coverage. In addition to pan-cancer analysis, SynLeGG offers investigation of tissue-specific GDRs and recovers established relationships, including synthetic lethality for SMARCA2 with SMARCA4. Proteomics, Gene Ontology, protein-protein interactions and paralogue information are provided to assist interpretation and candidate drug target prioritization. SynLeGG predictions are significantly enriched in dependencies validated by a recently published CRISPR screen.
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Khakase, S. S., B. S. Ronald, and T. M. Rathi. "Global Depository Receipts in India: boon or bane." Finance: Theory and Practice 25, no. 5 (October 28, 2021): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2020-25-5-117-132.

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The Global Depository Receipt (“GDR” or “DR”) is a structured financial instrument denominated in foreign currency and Indian companies issue equity shares/securities underlying the GDR to international investors. Many companies have used GDRs for manipulative and fraudulent practices and the Indian regulator, SEBI has penalised them. This paper aims to evaluate the legitimacy of the GDRs and malpractices associated with them and to find if there is any need for reform in the GDR Scheme, to see if the GDRs are beneficial to the economy or are inherently manipulative instruments and looks at the need to reform the laws governing GDR. The authors have employed the methods, literature review and empirical research. The authors have conducted empirical research of the participants in the Indian GDR industry in April and May of 2021 by way of an online Questionnaire and unstructured telephonic interviews. The study results in the author’s conclusion that the GDRs are legitimate instruments but the participants abused the Scheme and led to malpractices. The authors failed to conclude about the need for reforms in the GDR laws. The paper recommends the suitable amendment of the DR scheme with an intention to plug its loopholes and allow it in foreign jurisdictions with the highest compliance requirements while keeping in mind the cost of such compliance.
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Mühlenbruch, Kristin, Xiaohui Zhuo, Barbara Bardenheier, Hui Shao, Michael Laxy, Andrea Icks, Ping Zhang, Edward W. Gregg, and Matthias B. Schulze. "Selecting the optimal risk threshold of diabetes risk scores to identify high-risk individuals for diabetes prevention: a cost-effectiveness analysis." Acta Diabetologica 57, no. 4 (November 19, 2019): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00592-019-01451-1.

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Abstract Aims Although risk scores to predict type 2 diabetes exist, cost-effectiveness of risk thresholds to target prevention interventions are unknown. We applied cost-effectiveness analysis to identify optimal thresholds of predicted risk to target a low-cost community-based intervention in the USA. Methods We used a validated Markov-based type 2 diabetes simulation model to evaluate the lifetime cost-effectiveness of alternative thresholds of diabetes risk. Population characteristics for the model were obtained from NHANES 2001–2004 and incidence rates and performance of two noninvasive diabetes risk scores (German diabetes risk score, GDRS, and ARIC 2009 score) were determined in the ARIC and Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for increasing risk score thresholds. Two scenarios were assumed: 1-stage (risk score only) and 2-stage (risk score plus fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test (threshold 100 mg/dl) in the high-risk group). Results In ARIC and CHS combined, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the GDRS and the ARIC 2009 score were 0.691 (0.677–0.704) and 0.720 (0.707–0.732), respectively. The optimal threshold of predicted diabetes risk (ICER < $50,000/QALY gained in case of intervention in those above the threshold) was 7% for the GDRS and 9% for the ARIC 2009 score. In the 2-stage scenario, ICERs for all cutoffs ≥ 5% were below $50,000/QALY gained. Conclusions Intervening in those with ≥ 7% diabetes risk based on the GDRS or ≥ 9% on the ARIC 2009 score would be cost-effective. A risk score threshold ≥ 5% together with elevated FPG would also allow targeting interventions cost-effectively.
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Jamison, Christine, and Forrest Scogin. "Development of an Interview-Based Geriatric Depression Rating Scale." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 35, no. 3 (October 1992): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/0803-3fbc-6eb0-ach4.

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The geriatric depression rating scale (GDRS) is a new interview-based depression rating scale designed for use with adults 60 years of age or older. The scale was developed to fill a need for an instrument that would be sensitive to the problems encountered in assessing depression among older adults. The GDRS was designed by using items from the self-report Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) as topic areas in a structured clinical interview similar to that of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD). The 35-item rating scale was administered to 68 older individuals with a range of affective disturbance. The scale was found to have internal consistency and split-half reliability comparable to the HRSD and GDS. Concurrent validity, construct validity, external criterion validity, sensitivity, and specificity were all found to be acceptable.
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Liou, Je-Liang, and Pei-Ing Wu. "Equity criterion for initial rights CO2 emissions allocations under emissions trading: cooperation or conflict among nations?" Environment and Development Economics 20, no. 5 (September 5, 2014): 587–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x14000618.

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AbstractThis study constructs comprehensive operational equitable initial rights of emissions allocation models by estimating the total abatement cost based on the criteria of egalitarianism, sovereignty, the ability to pay, polluter pays and various scenarios of the Greenhouse Development Rights (GDRs) framework among groups of countries or individual nations. The analyses provide the potential crux regarding the agreements, cooperation and/or conflict among nations for joining the trading. The results show that the polluter pays principle generates the greatest total abatement cost saving for upper-middle and low-middle income nations, but not for others. Full capacity GDRs apply to China, egalitarianism to India and sovereignty to the United States on an individual basis. The results show that the disagreement and gaps with regard to an equitable initial allocation of rights among groups or individual nations is one of the possible obstructions and hindrances to the promotion and formation of a world trading scheme.
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Schuster, Eugene F., Pascal Gellert, Corrinne V. Segal, Elena López-Knowles, Richard Buus, Maggie Chon U. Cheang, James Morden, et al. "Genomic Instability and TP53 Genomic Alterations Associate With Poor Antiproliferative Response and Intrinsic Resistance to Aromatase Inhibitor Treatment." JCO Precision Oncology, no. 3 (December 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/po.18.00286.

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PURPOSE Although aromatase inhibitor (AI) treatment is effective in estrogen receptor–positive postmenopausal breast cancer, resistance is common and incompletely explained. Genomic instability, as measured by somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs), is important in breast cancer development and prognosis. SCNAs to specific genes may drive intrinsic resistance, or high genomic instability may drive tumor heterogeneity, which allows differential response across tumors and surviving cells to evolve resistance to treatment rapidly. We therefore evaluated the relationship between SCNAs and intrinsic resistance to treatment as measured by a poor antiproliferative response. PATIENTS AND METHODS SCNAs were determined by single nucleotide polymorphism array in baseline and surgery core-cuts from 73 postmenopausal patients randomly assigned to receive 2 weeks of preoperative AI or no AI in the Perioperative Endocrine Therapy—Individualizing Care (POETIC) trial. Fifty-six samples from the AI group included 28 poor responders (PrRs, less than 60% reduction in protein encoded by the MKI67 gene [Ki-67]) and 28 good responders (GdRs, greater than 75% reduction in Ki-67). Exome sequencing was available for 72 pairs of samples. RESULTS Genomic instability correlated with Ki-67 expression at both baseline ( P < .001) and surgery ( P < .001) and was higher in PrRs ( P = .048). The SCNA with the largest difference between GdRs and PrRs was loss of heterozygosity observed at 17p (false discovery rate, 0.08), which includes TP53. Nine of 28 PrRs had loss of wild-type TP53 as a result of mutations and loss of heterozygosity compared with three of 28 GdRs. In PrRs, somatic alterations of TP53 were associated with higher genomic instability, higher baseline Ki-67, and greater resistance to AI treatment compared with wild-type TP53. CONCLUSION We observed that primary tumors with high genomic instability have an intrinsic resistance to AI treatment and do not require additional evolution to develop resistance to estrogen deprivation therapy.
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Kim, Oksana. "Market Efficiency and Arbitrage Opportunities for Russian Depositary Receipts Cross-Listed on the London Stock Exchange." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 19, no. 02 (June 2016): 1650007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091516500077.

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This study examines the Russian stock market efficiency from two perspectives. First, we document that for the sample of Russian firms cross-listed on the Main Market of the London Stock Exchange (LSE) as Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs), the return series obtained from both the local market and the LSE are time-invariant and hence, predictable. This suggests that the market is inefficient with respect to pricing Russian GDRs and that investors are likely to make systematic nonzero profits. Second, we document profitable arbitrage opportunity surrounding the announcement to adopt IFRS, which is an additional evidence of market inefficiency. The significant pricing spread observed on this key date was due to the differential market reaction to IFRS adoption — neutral on the local MICEX exchange dominated by individual traders and significantly negative on the LSE dominated by institutional investors. This finding can be explained by (i) informational advantages of the local investors due to geographic proximity, (ii) differential expectations with respect to governance norms and listing requirements, and (iii) difference in portfolio composition of the two investor groups.
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Bacha, Obiyathulla Ismath, Norhazlina Ibrahim, and Mansor H. Ibrahim. "International Financial Integration through Depositary Receipts (DRs)." Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 301–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v6i1.1085.

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The issue of liquidity and underdevelopment of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) stock markets has caused problems to companies in those countries that seek higher equity capital. One way out of this problem is to employ international markets more intensively by seeking cheaper cost of capital through Depositary Receipts (DRs). Many studies on DRs focused on emerging and developed countries, leaving many OIC countries behind. Thus, this study investigates the financial implication by examining the integration of returns of local and foreign stock markets via American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) and Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs) of OIC countries. Techniques employed in this study are cointegration and the speed of adjustments to examine the existence of integration between the local and foreign stock markets. The study covers a sample of 146 firms from 17 OIC countries that are cross-listed as ADRs or GDRs from 1992 to 2011. The findings show mixed results when some markets provide evidence of integration while others show evidence of segmentation. The study on the integration between DR and home equity markets has practical implications for both the international as well as domestic investors especially on portfolio selection, asset pricing and risk management
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "GDRs"

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Tomlinson, Dennis Churchill. "Nature and technology in GDR literature." Thesis, University of Bath, 1993. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332289.

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Gregson, Julie. "Engendering the GDR : DEFA cinema 1956-1966." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14353/.

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This thesis examines four films made during two key phases in East German film history in the mid-1950s and the mid-1960s which have earned critical acclaim for their challenge to cultural-political orthodoxy and which I read as national narratives offering political, social, cultural and historical constructions of GDR identity. I argue that narrative representations of gender and sexuality serve in the films as a means towards negotiating between affirmation and critique. My analyses are informed by a wide range of other DEFA films. Chapter One sketches broader political and film-historical contexts. Chapter Two examines the role that gender discourse plays in differentiating East from West in the depiction of the frontier city of Berlin in Gerhard Klein's Berlin-Ecke Schonhauser. Chapter Three focuses on Konrad Wolf’s adaptation of Christa Wolfs novel Der geteilte Himmel. It shows how the film articulates competing views of the GDR, but instrumentalizes the female character ultimately to endorse socialist society in a divided Germany, and expresses her attachment to this new society in terms of a family-type relationship. Chapter Four examines how Frank Vogel's Denk bloss nicht, ich heule seeks to mediate between the 'national' past and present, using a triangular family plot. In Chapter Five, the analysis of Frank Beyer's Spur der Steine centres upon the role of a lone female in the film's reforming exploration of the overwhelmingly male collective, but shows how it leaves the status of sexuality - whether for pleasure or for reproductive ends - unresolved. There has been little in-depth study of the way gender representation relates to constructions of the GDR in films of this period. This study remedies this omission, showing how the film-makers frequently rely upon conservative gender paradigms to manage the contradictions implicit in their project and how the endings of the films increasingly come under strain.
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Solbrig, Jacob H., and Jacob Hagen Solbrig. "Stasi Brainwashing in the GDR 1957 - 1990." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2431.

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This thesis examines the methods used by the Ministerium für Staatssicherheit (MfS), more commonly known as the Stasi, or East German secret police, for extraction of information from citizens of the German Democratic Republic for the purpose of espionage and covert operations inside East Germany, as it pertains to the deliberate brainwashing of East German citizens. As one of the most efficient intelligence agencies to ever exist, the Stasi’s main purpose was to monitor the population, gather intelligence, and collect or turn informants. They used brainwashing techniques to control the people of the GDR, keeping the populace paralyzed with fear and paranoia. By surrounding themselves with a network of informants they prevented actions against the dictatorial communist regime. Using the video testimonies of former prisoners, and former confidential informants who worked closely with and collaborated with Stasi agents, in combination with periodicals and previous historical studies, this work argues that the East German Police State’s brainwashing techniques had long and lasting consequences both for German citizens, and for the psychiatric health of former GDR citizens. The scope and breadth of the techniques and data compiled for use by the Stasi were exhaustive, and the repercussions of their use are still being felt and discovered twenty five years after the fall of the Berlin Wall. This study aims to show the lasting effects brainwashing had on former informants and the Stasi’s victims.
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Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan. "Wasserstoffeffekt und -analyse in der GDS - Anwendungen in der Werkstoffforschung Hydrogen effect and analysis in GDS - applications in material science /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10361088.

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Pohl, Reinhard. "The education of hydraulic engineers in the GDR." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-160838.

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More than 40 years the political, social, economic and technical development in the two German states went different ways until 1990. This also applies to the education of civil engineers in the field of hydraulic engineering. The author undertakes the attempt to trace a picture of the related development in East Germany. During the GDR-period the Dresden University of Technology was the major place for university education of hydraulic engineers (GDR = German Democratic Republic). This is why the development of the education in Dresden and its relations to the hydro practice will be mainly considered here. In this paper the facts, the problems and the achievements are told and discussed
Bis 1990 ging die politische, soziale, wirtschaftliche und technische Entwicklung in beiden deutschen Staaten mehr als 40 Jahre getrennte Wege. Das trifft auch für die Ausbildung von Wasserbauingenieuren zu. Die Autoren unternehmen den Versuch, das Bild der zugehörigen Entwicklung im Osten Deutschlands nachzuzeichnen. Sie konzentrieren sich dabei auf die Technische Universität Dresden als den Hauptstandort der damaligen universitären Wasserbauausbildung in der DDR. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz werden die Tatsachen, die Probleme und das Erreichte dargestellt und besprochen
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Pohl, Reinhard. "The education of hydraulic engineers in the GDR." Technische Universität Dresden, 2010. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28548.

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More than 40 years the political, social, economic and technical development in the two German states went different ways until 1990. This also applies to the education of civil engineers in the field of hydraulic engineering. The author undertakes the attempt to trace a picture of the related development in East Germany. During the GDR-period the Dresden University of Technology was the major place for university education of hydraulic engineers (GDR = German Democratic Republic). This is why the development of the education in Dresden and its relations to the hydro practice will be mainly considered here. In this paper the facts, the problems and the achievements are told and discussed.
Bis 1990 ging die politische, soziale, wirtschaftliche und technische Entwicklung in beiden deutschen Staaten mehr als 40 Jahre getrennte Wege. Das trifft auch für die Ausbildung von Wasserbauingenieuren zu. Die Autoren unternehmen den Versuch, das Bild der zugehörigen Entwicklung im Osten Deutschlands nachzuzeichnen. Sie konzentrieren sich dabei auf die Technische Universität Dresden als den Hauptstandort der damaligen universitären Wasserbauausbildung in der DDR. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz werden die Tatsachen, die Probleme und das Erreichte dargestellt und besprochen.
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O'Doherty, Paul. "The portrayal of Jews in GDR prose fiction." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294494.

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Mokhtari, Soroush. "Developing a Group Decision Support System (GDSS) for decision making under uncertainty." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5675.

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Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problems are often associated with tradeoffs between performances of the available alternative solutions under decision making criteria. These problems become more complex when performances are associated with uncertainty. This study proposes a stochastic MCDM procedure that can handle uncertainty in MCDM problems. The proposed method coverts a stochastic MCDM problem into many deterministic ones through a Monte-Carlo (MC) selection. Each deterministic problem is then solved using a range of MCDM methods and the ranking order of the alternatives is established for each deterministic MCDM. The final ranking of the alternatives can be determined based on winning probabilities and ranking distribution of the alternatives. Ranking probability distributions can help the decision-maker understand the risk associated with the overall ranking of the options. Therefore, the final selection of the best alternative can be affected by the risk tolerance of the decision-makers. A Group Decision Support System (GDSS) is developed here with a user-friendly interface to facilitate the application of the proposed MC-MCDM approach in real-world multi-participant decision making for an average user. The GDSS uses a range of decision making methods to increase the robustness of the decision analysis outputs and to help understand the sensitivity of the results to level of cooperation among the decision-makers. The decision analysis methods included in the GDSS are: 1) conventional MCDM methods (Maximin, Lexicographic, TOPSIS, SAW and Dominance), appropriate when there is a high cooperation level among the decision-makers; 2) social choice rules or voting methods (Condorcet Choice, Borda scoring, Plurality, Anti-Plurality, Median Voting, Hare System of voting, Majoritarian Compromise ,and Condorcet Practical), appropriate for cases with medium cooperation level among the decision-makers; and 3) Fallback Bargaining methods (Unanimity, Q-Approval and Fallback Bargaining with Impasse), appropriate for cases with non-cooperative decision-makers. To underline the utility of the proposed method and the developed GDSS in providing valuable insights into real-world hydro-environmental group decision making, the GDSS is applied to a benchmark example, namely the California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta decision making problem. The implications of GDSS' outputs (winning probabilities and ranking distributions) are discussed. Findings are compared with those of previous studies, which used other methods to solve this problem, to highlight the sensitivity of the results to the choice of decision analysis methods and/or different cooperation levels among the decision-makers.
M.S.
Masters
Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil Engineering; Water Resources Engineering
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Švejdová, Petra. "Současná role GDS na trhu distibuce služeb cestovního ruchu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-161971.

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Aviation industry is in many ways considered a pioneer, especially in innovation and implementation of new materials and technologies. The aim of this thesis is to provide comprehensive and complex information on the matter, pointing out the differences in distribution systems and scenarios outlining the expected evolution of these systems in the future. The dissertation defines the basic concepts and the nature of the problem and also talks about the historical development of the GDS to better understand the current ownership and evaluate the importance and status of GDS in the Czech and world market. It analyzes selected GDS and graphically illustrates the positions of the GDS on the certain markets within the category. The basic method used is the comparison which was done by putting the specifics of individual GDS and their subsequent comparison, the thesis also includes SWOT analysis.
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Denis, Mathieu. "Labor in the collapse of the GDR and reunification." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16406.

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Waren die Arbeitnehmer bei den Ereignissen 1989/90 in Deutschland involviert? Die meisten Untersuchungen über die Revolution und die darauffolgende Vereinigung Deutschlands verneinen dies; die vorliegende Untersuchung behauptet aber das Gegenteil. Durch die Kontextualisierung der Dynamiken in der ost- und westdeutschen Arbeitnehmerschaft schafft sie ein neues Bild von vermeintlich bekannten Ereignissen. Die Studie untersucht die unterschiedlichen Wege auf denen die ost- und westdeutsche Arbeitnehmerschaft zu entscheidenden Akteuren 1989-1990 wurden. Zunächst stellt sie die Beteiligung der ostdeutschen Arbeitnehmer an der Revolution heraus, durch das Aufdecken von vielfältigen Überschneidungen der Entwicklungen in den Betrieben und auf der Strasse. Dynamiken innerhalb der Arbeitnehmerschaft, so zeigt die Studie, waren ein Kernbestandteil der politischen Prozesse, welche das Ende der DDR markierte. Darauffolgenden konzentriert sich die Analyse auf die Politik von vier Westdeutschen Gewerkschaften (Metall, Chemie, Medien und Öffentlicher Dienst) und ihres Dachverband (DGB) und deckt die Einrichtung eines Krisenmanagement der ostdeutschen Wirtschaftreformen, zwischen der Westdeutschen Regierung, Arbeitgebern und Gewerkschaften auf. Bereits im Februar 1990 gegründet, führte dieses formelle und informelle Abkommen zur Erhaltung der existierenden Westdeutschen Institutionen, Normen und Akteure der sozialen Systeme und industriellen Beziehungen im vereinten Deutschland. Die Kehrseite dieser institutionellen Erweiterung war die schnelle Etablierung der Gewerkschaftsstrukturen in Ostdeutschland, der letzte Aspekt, welcher in der Arbeit analysiert wird. Die schnelle Verbreitung der DGB Gewerkschaften und der Arbeitgeberverbänden war eine organisierte „tour de force“. Die Kosten für die Gewerkschaften waren die Unterwerfung der ostdeutschen Gewerkschaftsaktivisten unter die „neuen“ Gewerkschaften und die Abkehr vom Kern der programmatischen Forderungen zu Hause.
Was labour involved in the events of 1989-1990 in Germany? Most studies of the East German revolution and the subsequent unification of Germany say no. This study argues in the opposite direction and by contextualizing the dynamics of East and West German labour offers a new picture of supposedly well-known events. The study explores the different ways in which East and West German labour became crucial actors in 1989-1990. It first enlightens the participation of East German workers to the revolution, by revealing the multifaceted overlapping of developments in the shop floors and the streets. Dynamics within labour, the work shows, were a core constituent of the political processes that marked GDR''s end. The analysis then focuses on the politics of four West German unions (metal, chemistry, media, and public service) and of their federation (DGB) and unearths the setting up of a tripartite crisis management of the East German economic reforms, between the West German government, employers and unions. Set up as early as February 1990, this formal and informal agreement led to the adjunction of the "social" dimension to the Monetary, Economic and Social Union of May 1990, i.e. the preservation of the existing West German institutions, norms and actors of the social systems and industrial relations in unified Germany. The two collective bargaining partners became in charge of keeping social tension to a minimum during the economic reforms, through the tools of collective bargaining. The flipside of this institutional extension was the rapid setting up of trade unions structures in eastern Germany, a last aspect analyzed in this work. The rapid extension of the DGB unions and employers associations was an organizational "tour de force." But it came with a cost for the trade unions: the subjection of East German union activists in the "new" unions, and the renunciation to core programmatic claims at home.
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Books on the topic "GDRs"

1

orner, Thomas K. Das Grab des Novalis: Dramatisierter Essay. Fragment von der Weltanschauung. Frankfurt a. M., Germany: Edition Büchergilde GmbH, 2007.

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Vstrechi v GDR. Moskva: Izd-vo polit. lit-ry, 1985.

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Gugnin, A. A. Sovremennai︠a︡ literature GDR. Moskva: Vysshai︠a︡ Shkola, 1987.

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Mlechina, Irina. Tipologii͡a︡ romana GDR. Moskva: Izd-vo "Nauka", 1985.

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Kuzʹmin, I. N. Krushenie GDR: Istorii͡a︡ : posledstvii͡a︡. 2nd ed. Moskva: Nauchnai͡a︡ kniga, 1996.

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Kuzʹmin, I. N. Krushenie GDR: Zametki ochevidt͡s︡a. Moskva: [s.n.], 1993.

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Orlova, Marii︠a︡ Ivanovna. GDR: Rozhdenie i krakh. Moskva: MGU, 2000.

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J, Williams Ingrid K., ed. GDR: Individual and society. London: Ealing College of Higher Education, Division of German Studies, 1987.

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Orlova, M. I. GDR: rozhdenie i krakh. Moskva: Izd-vo MGU, 2000.

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Childs, David. The GDR: Moscow's German ally. 2nd ed. London: Unwin Hyman, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "GDRs"

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Wollmann, Hellmut. "Transformation of Public Administration in East Germany Following Unification." In Public Administration in Germany, 253–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53697-8_15.

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AbstractAfter 1990, the rupture of the politico-administrative system and transformation of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) was essentially shaped by the process of German unification and the GDR’s integration into the ‘old’ Federal Republic. Thus, basic constitutional and institutional issues, such as legal rule (Rechtsstaat)-based administration, inclusion in the European Union, were (‘exogenously’) pre-determined by the GDR’s accession to the ‘old’ Federal Republic. The chapter highlights East Germany’s politico-administrative transformation after 1990 by addressing the organisational and personnel dimensions of the remoulding and rebuilding of the administrative structures at the new Länder and local levels. Finally, notwithstanding the particularities of the ‘East German case’, it raises question whether there are lessons which other countries facing transition or transformation can draw from East Germany’s experience.
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Suski, W., and T. Palewski. "GdPS." In Pnictides and Chalcogenides II, 1296–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10713485_433.

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Galik, Elizabeth, Shin Fukudo, Yukari Tanaka, Yori Gidron, Tavis S. Campbell, Jillian A. Johnson, Kristin A. Zernicke, et al. "GDS." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 835. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_100680.

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Galik, Elizabeth, Shin Fukudo, Yukari Tanaka, Yori Gidron, Tavis S. Campbell, Jillian A. Johnson, Kristin A. Zernicke, et al. "GDS-15." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 835. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_100681.

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Galik, Elizabeth, Shin Fukudo, Yukari Tanaka, Yori Gidron, Tavis S. Campbell, Jillian A. Johnson, Kristin A. Zernicke, et al. "GDS-4." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 836. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_100682.

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Suski, W., and T. Palewski. "(GdS)1.20TaS2." In Pnictides and Chalcogenides II, 651–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10713485_176.

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Suski, W., and T. Palewski. "(GdS)1.21NbS2." In Pnictides and Chalcogenides II, 656–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10713485_178.

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Suski, W., and T. Palewski. "(GdS)1.25VS2." In Pnictides and Chalcogenides II, 659. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10713485_179.

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Suski, W., and T. Palewski. "(GdS)1.27CrS2." In Pnictides and Chalcogenides II, 660–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10713485_180.

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Suski, W., and T. Palewski. "(GdS)1.2NbS2." In Pnictides and Chalcogenides II, 662–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10713485_181.

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Conference papers on the topic "GDRs"

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Agrawal, Gaurav. "Global Financial Meltdown and the stock price behavior of underlying domestic shares of listed Indian ADRs / GDRs issues." In 2010 2nd IEEE International Conference on Information and Financial Engineering (ICIFE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icife.2010.5609474.

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Sakamoto, Yasuhiro, Masa Inakage, and Kentaro Harada. "GDPS." In SIGGRAPH07: Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1280720.1280869.

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Lange, Patrick, Rene Weller, and Gabriel Zachmann. "GDS." In SIGSIM-PADS '17: SIGSIM Principles of Advanced Discrete Simulation. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3064911.3064917.

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Wang, Jiahua, Yao Zhao, Ting Liu, and Shikui Wei. "GDS." In ICVISP 2020: 2020 4th International Conference on Vision, Image and Signal Processing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3448823.3448842.

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Yakout, Mohamed, Ahmed K. Elmagarmid, Jennifer Neville, and Mourad Ouzzani. "GDR." In the 2010 international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1807167.1807325.

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Wei, K. K., B. C. Y. Tan, and K. S. Raman. "SAGE: a HyperCard-based GDSS." In Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.1992.183407.

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Zhendong Chen and Chaozhen Guo. "Research of forecasting typhoon GDSS." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Intelligent Systems (ICIS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicisys.2010.5658851.

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Challa, Pradyumna R., and A. Bazylak. "Pore Space Characterization of Compressed PEMFC GDLs Using 3D Micro-Computed Tomography." In ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2012-91415.

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In this work, micro-computed tomography was employed to characterize the effect of rib and channel compression on the through-plane porosity distributions of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) gas diffusion layers (GDLs). Two GDLs with micro-porous layers (MPLs): a paper based GDL (GDL A), and a felt GDL (GDL B) were compressed at 1.2 MPa in an ex situ flow field apparatus with 1mm × 1mm channels. Porosity distributions of compressed GDLs were compared with those of uncompressed GDLs, and the microstructural differences caused during the manufacturing of paper, felt, and cloth GDLs are discussed. The results of this study will aid modellers in generating realistic stochastic GDL pore structures for multiphase flow simulations.
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Fishman, Z., J. Hinebaugh, and A. Bazylak. "Anisotropic Porosity Profiles of PEMFC GDLs." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33118.

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A first comparison is made of the anisotropic porosity profiles for various polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) gas diffusion layer (GDL) materials. Microscale computed tomography (μCT) imaging is performed for two main categories of commercially available GDL materials (carbon fibre paper and felt). The methodology to analyze the through-plane porosities for various materials is presented, and conclusions are drawn about the material pore structures. This work provides insight into both the internal GDL material properties for liquid water transport and the external GDL properties for droplet transport in a PEMFC gas channel.
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Jian, Yang, Huang Daoping, and Li Xiaoya. "SPN Modeling for GDCS Task Scheduling." In 2007 Chinese Control Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chicc.2006.4347147.

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Reports on the topic "GDRs"

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Kreyenfeld, Michaela R. Fertility decisions in the FRG and GDR. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, February 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2004-008.

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Eckel, Hasko K. Reform in the German Democratic Republic (GDR): What Should the U.S. Do. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada222247.

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Jon P. Christophersen, Chinh D. Ho, Gary L. Henriksen, and David Howell. Advanced Technology Development Program for Lithium-Ion Batteries: Gen 2 GDR Performance Evaluation Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/911665.

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Harmon, Andrew. SRD Exhibits ONR Funded Chemical Detector Technology & Supporting Gas Delivery Systems (GDS) AT PITTCON 2005. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada433124.

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Klüsener, Sebastian, and Emilio Zagheni. The East-West gradient in spatial population development within Germany: temporary GDR legacy vs. longstanding spatial disparities. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2013-013.

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Rosen, Richard A. Can Panel Data Methodologies Determine the Impact of Climate Change on Economic Growth? Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp171.

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Several major papers have been published over the last ten years claiming to have detected the impact of either annual variations in weather or climate change on the GDPs of most countries in the world using panel data-based statistical methodologies. These papers rely on various multivariate regression equations which include the annual average temperatures for most countries in the world as one or more of the independent variables, where the usual dependent variable is the change in annual GDP for each country from one year to the next year over 30-50 year time periods. Unfortunately, the quantitative estimates derived in these papers are misleading because the equations from which they are calculated are wrong. The major reason the resulting regression equations are wrong is because they do not include any of the appropriate and usual economic factors or variables which are likely to be able to explain changes in GDP/economic growth whether or not climate change has already impacted each country’s economy. These equations, in short, exhibit suffer from “omitted variable bias,” to use statistical terminology.
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Datta, Sandip, and Geeta Gandhi Kingdon. The Myth and Reality of Teacher Shortage in India: An Investigation Using 2019-20 Data. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2020/072.

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This paper examines the widespread perception in India that the country has an acute teacher shortage of about one million teachers in public elementary schools, a view repeated in India’s National Education Policy 2020. Using official DISE data, we show that teacher vacancies cannot be equated with teacher shortages: while the number of teacher vacancies (in teacher-deficit schools) is 766,487, the number of teacher surpluses (in surplus-teacher schools) is 520,141, giving a net deficit of only 246,346 teachers in the country. Secondly, removing estimated fake student numbers from enrolment data greatly reduces the required number of teachers and raises the number of surplus teachers, converting the net deficit of 246,346 teachers into an estimated net surplus of 98,371 teachers. Thirdly, if we both remove estimated fake enrolment and also make a hypothetical change to the teacher allocation rule to adjust for the phenomenon of emptying public schools (which has slashed the national median size of public schools to a mere 63 students, and rendered many schools ‘tiny’), the estimated net teacher surplus rises to 239,800 teachers. Fourthly, we show that if government does fresh recruitment to fill the supposed approximately one-million vacancies as promised in National Education Policy 2020, the already modest national mean pupil-teacher-ratio of 25.1 would fall to 19.9, at a permanently increased fiscal cost of nearly Rupees 637 billion (USD 8.7 billion) per year in 2019-20 prices, which is higher than the individual GDPs of 50 countries that year. The paper highlights the major efficiencies that can result from evidence-based policy on minimum viable school-size, teacher allocation norms, permissible maximum pupil teacher ratios, and teacher deployment.
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