Journal articles: 'GD. Organizations'

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Ellinas, Antonis A., and Iasonas Lamprianou. "How far right local party organizations develop." Party Politics 23, no. 6 (April 13, 2016): 804–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068816641337.

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The literature on far right parties emphasizes the importance of party organization for electoral persistence. Yet, a lot is still unknown about the organizational development of these parties. This article examines the microdynamics of organizational development and explores why some party organizations succeed and others fail. It focuses on the local rather than the national level and analyzes grassroots activities rather than party leadership, institutions, or members. To analyze organizational development, the article uses an original and unique data set of 3594 activities of the Greek Golden Dawn (GD) supplemented by interviews with the GD leadership and activists as well as with evidence from hundreds of newspaper reports. It uses this evidence to trace local party activism and to document variation in local organizational outcomes. To account for why some local party organizations succeed or fail, it suggests that, rather than solely following electoral logic, the organizational development of far right parties also relates to the way they respond to challenges from antifascist groups and state authorities.

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Montag, Christian, Bruno Schivinski, Rayna Sariyska, Christopher Kannen, Zsolt Demetrovics, and Halley M. Pontes. "Psychopathological Symptoms and Gaming Motives in Disordered Gaming—A Psychometric Comparison between the WHO and APA Diagnostic Frameworks." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 10 (October 15, 2019): 1691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101691.

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Background: ‘Gaming Disorder’ (GD) has received increased medical attention and official recognition from both the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Although these two medical organizations have independently developed promising clinical diagnostic frameworks to assess disordered gaming, little is known about how these frameworks compare at different psychometric levels in terms of producing consistent outcomes in the assessment of GD. Methods: A sample of 1429 German gamers (Meanage = 29.74 years; SD = 12.37 years) completed an online survey including measures on different psychopathological symptoms (depression, loneliness and attention problems), gaming motives and disordered gaming according to the WHO and APA frameworks. Results: The findings suggest the existence of minor discrepancies in the estimation of prevalence rates of GD according among the two frameworks. Nevertheless, both diagnostic frameworks are fairly consistent in the psychometric prediction of GD in relation to gaming motives and psychopathological symptoms. The findings underscore the role of key gaming motives as risk factors and protective factors across both diagnostic frameworks. Finally, the study provides support for the WHO diagnostic framework for GD and its measurement with the German Gaming Disorder Test (GDT). The findings and their implications are further discussed in terms of clinical relevance.

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Navarro, José, Rocío Meneses, Cibeles Miralles, Diana J. Moreno, and Vania Campelo. "What distinguish teams from social aggregates? A tool to assess the group development." Anales de Psicología 31, no. 3 (September 16, 2015): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.31.3.183831.

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TThis research uses the construct of group development (GD) to distinguish highly developed workgroups and teams from mere social aggregates. The aims were to develop a scale capable of measuring this basic emergent process and to study the scale’s reliability and construct validity (content, factorial, convergent and criteria). Data concerning the GD, other related processes (entitativity and group identification) and team outputs (group performance and team effectiveness) were gathered from four successive studies (4099 participants belonging to 521 workgroups in 13 organizations). All the studies were carried out using a cross-sectional and correlational design. The results revealed an one-dimensional solution for the proposed measurement scale, which showed adequate reliability and validity. The scale is not only practical (quick and easy to apply) but also useful for group managers and leaders, since it provides them with a tool for determining the extent to which their groups are actually functioning as highly developed groups.

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Petrova, Galina D., and Elena I. Aksenova. "Socio-cultural competencies of the coordinator for work with foreign patients." City Healthcare 3, no. 4 (December 26, 2022): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2022.v.3i4;84-91.

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The relevance of the problem under study is due to the fact that medicine has a special place in the cultural system, and its main task is to preserve people's life and health. The high-quality implementation of the national project "Healthcare", which across the country covers 70 subjects and hundreds of medical organizations of various forms of ownership, calls for the presence in medical organizations of a qualified specialist who meets all modern requirements – a coordinator for working with foreign patients as a link between a team of like-minded people on work with foreign citizens and patients themselves. Today, this knowledge is especially relevant due to the development of international cooperation and establishing contacts in the professional field, the exchange of scientific and practical achievements, strengthening the international reputation of Russian healthcare and the practical application of the principles of humanitarian diplomacy. Therefore, effective communication in the provision of medical services is impossible without knowledge of the cultural characteristics of peoples, which is especially important for medical professionals who must be extremely careful in communicating and providing medical care to foreign patients. Ultimately, the positive experience of a foreign patient has a direct impact on the volume of attracted extrabudgetary financing for the development of exports of medical services. For citation: Petrova GD, Aksenova EI. Socio-cultural competencies of the coordinator for work with foreign patients. City Healthсare. 2022;3(4): 84–91 doi:10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2022.v.3i4;84–91

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Karunathilaka, Ganga Sajeewani. "Virtual Team Adaptation: Management Perspective on Individual Differences." Businesses 2, no. 2 (March 23, 2022): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/businesses2020008.

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In the contemporary business world, digital transformations have undergone vast and important developments over the last several decades, and they have aided in the development of the virtual team concept, in which geographically dispersed team members work to achieve a common goal. Virtual teams, according to the literature, suffer from process losses more frequently than their face-to-face counterparts. Although just a few studies have looked at the effects of individual differences in virtual teams, this study fills in the gaps by examining the impact of individual differences: age disparity (AD), gender disparity (GD), language competency (LC), and IT competency (ITC) from the management perspective on virtual team adaptation in the Sri Lankan private sector. A survey was used to collect data from a sample of 175 private sector companies in Sri Lanka during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the data was analyzed using partial least squares path modeling (PLS) to test the study’s hypotheses. The results indicated that the hypotheses were statistically significant only in the language competency and IT competency and their effects were in the expected direction. Future research could benefit from the perceptions of employees in public sector organizations.

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Bouma, Johan, Janjo de Haan, and Maria-Franca S. Dekkers. "Exploring Operational Procedures to Assess Ecosystem Services at Farm Level, including the Role of Soil Health." Soil Systems 6, no. 2 (April 8, 2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems6020034.

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Reaching the land-related UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and similar goals articulated by the EU Green Deal (GD) by 2030 presents a major challenge and requires a pragmatic approach focused on joint learning by land users (mostly farmers), researchers and other stakeholders in “Living Labs” and system experiments at experimental farms of research organizations. Defining specific indicators and thresholds for ecosystem services in line with land-related SDGs is crucial to establish “Lighthouses” that can act as inspiring examples if they meet the various thresholds. This exploratory paper discusses indicators and thresholds for an arable farm operating on marine, calcareous light clay soils in the Netherlands. Studies of a system experiment are used to discuss and test operational methodology to be widely applied when characterizing many “Living Labs” in future, as planned by the European Union. The important role of soils in contributing to ecosystem services is discussed in terms of soil health. Recommendations are made for innovative methodology to be associated with all land-related SDGs. Satisfying the thresholds of ecosystem services, which will vary by soil type, region and farm type, can be the basis for farm subsidies, such as the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Research on Living Labs and in system experiments has to be judged by different criteria than those associated with traditional linear research. The important contributions of soils to achieve ecosystem services are framed in terms of soil health and are the most effective way to promote soil science in a by now widely desired inter- and transdisciplinary context.

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Petrova, Galina D. "Implementation of federal project "Development of export of medical services" in pre-COVID period." City Healthcare 3, no. 4 (December 26, 2022): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2022.v.3i4;107-113.

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Introduction. The relevance of the problem under study is due to the fact that the medical services market, like any market structure, is regulated on the basis of competition among the involved medical organizations, the interaction of supply and demand, free pricing for various nosologies in the process of selling services. The medical services market has a unique specificity: high dynamism of all processes, relatively fast capital turnover, susceptibility to changes in market conditions, a high level of differentiation of services, and unclear outcomes. In addition, in the conditions of external sanctions pressure, the priority direction of the domestic economy is the development of non-commodity exports, in particular, the export of services, which includes the export of medical services. Since 2022, the Russian Government has been paying special attention to this area. The purpose of the study: to analyze the activities of eight federal districts in the pre-crisis period, contributing to the development of the export of medical services and to identify the leading federal districts that make the greatest contribution to the development of the export of medical services. Results and conclusion. The results of the study of eight federal districts of the Russian Federation in the doskovid period showed the process of formation of exports of medical services, the number of treated foreign citizens in these districts, earned income in millions of US dollars. The Central, Ural, and Northwestern Federal Districts are leading in this process, which is the current model for the rest of the federal districts. The study demonstrates the work of federal districts – in numbers, percentages, monetary terms in conventional units. Also presented are indicators indicating an increase in the volume of exports of medical services by at least 4 times compared to 2017, which amounted to an income of 128.38 million US dollars for 2019. For citation: Petrova GD, Implementation of the federal project "Development of export of medical services" in the pre-COVID period. City Healthсare. 2022;3(4): 107–113 doi:10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2022.v.3i4;107–113

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Higuchi, Susumu, Hideki Nakayama, Takanobu Matsuzaki, Satoko Mihara, and Takashi Kitayuguchi. "Application of the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases gaming disorder criteria to treatment-seeking patients: Comparison with the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Internet gaming disorder criteria." Journal of Behavioral Addictions 10, no. 1 (April 16, 2021): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00099.

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AbstractBackground and aimsThe World Health Organization included gaming disorder (GD) in the eleventh revision of International Classification of Diseases in 2019. Due to the lack of diagnostic tools for GD, a definition has not been adequately applied. Therefore, this study aimed to apply an operationalized definition of GD to treatment-seekers. The relationship between the diagnoses of GD and Internet gaming disorder (IGD) in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders was also examined. Methods: Study participants comprised 241 treatment-seekers who had engaged in excessive gaming and experienced related problems. Psychiatrists applied the GD diagnostic criteria to the participants using a diagnostic form developed for this study. Information on gaming behavior and functional impairment was obtained through face-to-face interviews conducted by clinical psychologists. Results: In total, 78.4 and 83.0% of the participants fulfilled the GD and IGD diagnostic criteria, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of GD diagnosis were both high when the IGD diagnosis was used as the gold standard. Participants with GD preferred online PC and console games, spent significantly more time gaming, and showed a higher level of functional impairment compared to those who did not fulfill the GD diagnostic criteria. Discussion and Conclusion: The definition of GD can be successfully applied to treatment-seekers with excessive gaming and related problems. A high concordance of GD and IGD diagnoses was found in those participants with relatively severe symptoms. The development and validation of a diagnostic tool for GD should be explored in future studies.

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Rodger, Gaener, Jessica Boname, Susanne Bell, and Tony Minson. "Assembly and Organization of Glycoproteins B, C, D, and H in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Particles Lacking Individual Glycoproteins: No Evidence for the Formation of a Complex of These Molecules." Journal of Virology 75, no. 2 (January 15, 2001): 710–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.2.710-716.2001.

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ABSTRACT Glycoprotein B (gB), gC, gD, and gH:L of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) are implicated in virus adsorption and penetration. gB, gD, and gH:L are essential for these processes, and their expression is necessary and sufficient to induce cell fusion. The current view is that these molecules act in concert as a functional complex, and cross-linking studies support this view (C. G. Handler, R. J. Eisenberg, and G. H. Cohen, J. Virol. 70:6067–6075, 1996). We examined the glycoprotein composition, with respect to gB, gC, gD, and gH, of mutant virions lacking individual glycoproteins and the sedimentation characteristics of glycoproteins extracted from these virions. The amounts of gB, gC, gD, or gH detected in virions did not alter when any one of these molecules was absent, and it therefore appears that they are incorporated into the virion independently of each other. The sedimentation characteristics of gB and gD from mutant virions were not different from those of wild-type virions. We confirmed that gB, gC, and gD could be cross-linked to each other on the virion surface but found that the absence of one glycoprotein did not alter the outcome of cross-linking reactions between the remaining molecules. The incorporation and arrangement of these glycoproteins in the virion envelope therefore appear to be independent of the individual molecular species. This is difficult to reconcile with the concept that gB, gC, gD, and gH:L are incorporated as a functional complex into the virion envelope.

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Cheng, Ya Dong. "Effect of Gb on Phase Transformation and Martensitic Phase Transformation in Ni–Mn–In Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 1015 (August 2014): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1015.177.

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The Ni-Mn-In alloy occur martensite reverse phase transitions driven by magnetic field in a certain composition range, resulting in the macroscopic strain, and along with the output of up to 108 MPa stress. However, there are some defects impeded practical application of alloy, such as brittleness and low Curie temperature. So, we will improve its mechanical properties by doping the suitable rare earth Gd elements in Ni-Mn-In alloy in this paper.In this paper, we study the microstructure, martensitic transformation and mechanical properties of Ni45.4Mn41.5-xIn13.1Gdx (x=0,0.2,0.5,1,2) magnetic shape memory alloy by DSC and Compression fracture strength and strain curve, which clarify the influence of Gd doping on martensitic phase transformation and mechanical properties of alloys.The studies have shown that the microstructure of the alloy changes from single organization into a mixed-phase structure of the matrix and the rich-Gd phase with the increasing of rare earth Gd content and martensitic transformation temperature of the alloys increases gradually with the increasing of Gd element content; The fracture strength and fracture strain increases first and then a decreasing trend with increasing the rare earth Gd elements. The result of the improved mechanical properties is the co-action of fine grain strengthening and second phase strengthening.

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Ko, Chih-Hung, Orsolya Király, Zsolt Demetrovics, Yun-Ming Chang, and Ju-Yu Yen. "Identifying individuals in need of help for their uncontrolled gaming: A narrative review of concerns and comments regarding gaming disorder diagnostic criteria." Journal of Behavioral Addictions 9, no. 3 (October 12, 2020): 572–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00058.

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AbstractObjectiveIn 2013, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) included the diagnostic criteria of Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Then, in 2019, the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) categorized gaming disorder (GD) as an addictive disorder. This review aimed to review the raised concerns, debate, and research of IGD or GD criteria and provide suggestions to resolve them.MethodsA narrative review was conducted, and PubMed was searched for articles mentioning concerns and research on the DSM-5 criteria for IGD, ICD-11 criteria for GD, or criteria for other synonyms, such as problematic gaming or gaming addiction. A total of 107 articles were identified.ResultsConcerns were organized into three categories: conceptual framework, moral panic, and diagnostic validity. Most argumentations supported the proposition that GD and other substance use disorders have similar presentations. A clear definition of GD and adequate public education could prevent rather than exacerbate moral panic. Several researchers reported concerns regarding the nosology, diagnostic validity, and wording of each criterion. However, the threshold, five of the nine criteria with impaired function, demonstrated adequate validity in interview studies.ConclusionThe current findings support the addiction framework, functional impairment, and validity of the GD criteria. However, further prospective, experimental, and clinical studies validating these findings are warranted. Moreover, an integrative review or debate conference could contribute to the organization of the available results and concept development. Aggregating adequate scientific information could allay or resolve concerns related to the diagnosis of GD.

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Amini, Farzin, Khosro Ramezani, and Alireza Maredpour. "Effectiveness of Mindfulness Group Training on Hope and Resilience of People with Gender Dysphoria." Caspian Journal of Health Research 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/cjhr.7.1.395.1.

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Background: Gender Dysphoria (GD) affects the personality, behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and metacognitive systems of individuals, and people with GD are more susceptible to psychological disorders. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness group training on the hope and resilience of people with GD. Materials & Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and three-month follow-up design and a control group. The study population comprised all people with GD visiting the State Welfare Organization of Shiraz in 2020. The sample consisted of 30 people suffering from GD, selected by convenience sampling method. We randomly divided the participants into experimental and control groups (n=15 per group). The experimental group underwent eight sessions (90-minute sessions per week) of mindfulness group training. The research instruments included the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Miller Hope Scale. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The mean age of participants was 31.49±9.19 years and 47% were male. Participants in the mindfulness group training showed significant improvement in the scores of hope (P=0.04) and resilience (P=0.03) compared to the control group. Conclusion: The findings indicated that mindfulness training using techniques such as mindful thoughts, emotions, and behavior can serve as an effective therapy to increase the level of hope and resilience in people with GD.

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Nienhuis, James, Jan Tivang, Paul Skroch, and Joao B. dos Santos. "Genetic Relationships among Cultivars and Landraces of Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) as Measured by RAPD Markers." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 120, no. 2 (March 1995): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.120.2.300.

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Knowledge of relative genetic distance among genotypes is useful in a breeding program because it permits organization of germplasm resources. Genetic distance (GD) was estimated among 65 Phaselous lunatus L.. accessions, which included 4 large-seeded and 7 small-seeded cultivars and 54 germplasm accessions (landrace's) from the Caribbean and North, Central, and South America. Based on 125 polymorphic random amplification polymorphic DNA (RAPD) bands, two major clusters, which generally correspond in seed size and geographic region to [be Mesoamerican and Andean gene pools, were observed among the landraces (GD = 0.726 ± 0.041). Four Fordhook cultivars and a landrace from the United States formed a separate cluster that is more distantly related to the small- (GD) = 0.561 ± 0.039) than to the large-seeded cluster (GD = 0.303 ± 0.022). The mean GD between the Andean and Mesoamerican (0.726), Mesoamerican and Fordhook (0.561), and Andean and Fordhook (0.303) clusters were all significant. The significant GD between the Andean and Mesoamerican groups supports the hypothesized existence of two major gene pools in lima bean. The RAPD marker diversity of the Mesoamerican group was the largest (0.1 10), followed by the Andean (0.097) and Ford hook (0.062) groups. The plot of the relationship between the coefficient of variation (cv) and sample size (number of bands) indicates that cvs as low as 10% for estimating CD between Andean and Mesoamerican lima bean accessions can be achieved by sampling as few as 100 bands.

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Zheng, Li, Canwei Shu, Meiling Zhang, Mei Yang, and Erxun Zhou. "Molecular Characterization of a Novel Endornavirus Conferring Hypovirulence in Rice Sheath Blight Fungus Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA Strain GD-2." Viruses 11, no. 2 (February 20, 2019): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11020178.

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The complete sequence and genome organization of a novel Endornavirus from the hypovirulent strain GD-2 of Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA, the causal agent of rice sheath blight, were identified using a deep sequencing approach and it was tentatively named as Rhizoctonia solani endornavirus 1 (RsEV1). It was composed of only one segment that was 19,936 bp in length and was found to be the longest endornavirus genome that has been reported so far. The RsEV1 genome contained two open reading frames (ORFs): ORF1 and ORF2. ORF1 contained a glycosyltransferase 1 domain and a conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain, whereas ORF2 encoded a conserved hypothetical protein. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that RsEV1 was phylogenetically a new endogenous RNA virus. A horizontal transmission experiment indicated that RsEV1 could be transmitted from the host fungal strain GD-2 to a virulent strain GD-118P and resulted in hypovirulence in the derivative isogenic strain GD-118P-V1. Metabolomic analysis showed that 32 metabolites were differentially expressed between GD-118P and its isogenic hypovirulent strain GD-118P-V1. The differential metabolites were mainly classified as organic acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, and the intermediate products of energy metabolism. Pathway annotation revealed that these 32 metabolites were mainly involved in pentose and glucuronate interconversions and glyoxylate, dicarboxylate, starch, and sucrose metabolism, and so on. Taken together, our results showed that RsEV1 is a novel Endornavirus, and the infection of virulent strain GD-118P by RsEV1 caused metabolic disorders and resulted in hypovirulence. The results of this study lay a foundation for the biocontrol of rice sheath blight caused by R. solani AG1-IA.

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Zhou, Xinqi, Renjing Wu, Congcong Liu, Juan Kou, Yuanshu Chen, Halley M. Pontes, Dezhong Yao, Keith M. Kendrick, Benjamin Becker, and Christian Montag. "Higher levels of (Internet) Gaming Disorder symptoms according to the WHO and APA frameworks associate with lower striatal volume." Journal of Behavioral Addictions 9, no. 3 (October 12, 2020): 598–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00066.

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AbstractBackground and aimsGrowing concerns about the addictive nature of Internet and computer games led to the preliminary recognition of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) as an emerging disorder by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and the official recognition of Gaming Disorder (GD) as a new diagnosis by the World Health Organization (WHO). While the definition of clear diagnostic criteria for (I)GD represents an important step for diagnosis and treatment of the disorder, potential neurobiological correlates of the criteria remain to be explored.MethodsThe present study employed a dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) approach to determine associations between (I)GD symptom-load according to the APA and WHO diagnostic frameworks and brain structure in a comparably large sample of n = 82 healthy subjects.ResultsHigher symptom-load on both, the APA and WHO diagnostic frameworks convergently associated with lower volumes of the striatum.DiscussionThe results from this exploratory study provide the first initial evidence for a neurobiological foundation of the proposed diagnostic criteria for (I)GD according to both diagnostic classification systems and suggest that the transition from non-disordered to disordered gaming may be accompanied by progressive neuroplastic changes in the striatum, thus resembling progressive changes in other addictive disorders.ConclusionsThe proposed (I)GD criteria in both diagnostic systems were associated with neurostructural alterations in the striatum, suggesting an association with progressive changes in the motivational systems of the brain.

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Rudenko, Larisa, Irina Kiseleva, Elena Krutikova, Ekaterina Stepanova, Irina Isakova-Sivak, Svetlana Donina, Andrey Rekstin, et al. "Two Live Attenuated Vaccines against Recent Low–and Highly Pathogenic H7N9 Influenza Viruses Are Safe and Immunogenic in Ferrets." Vaccines 6, no. 4 (November 1, 2018): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines6040074.

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Influenza H7N9 virus is a potentially pandemic subtype to which most people are immunologically naïve. To be better prepared for the potential occurrence of an H7N9 pandemic, in 2017 the World Health Organization recommended developing candidate vaccine viruses from two new H7N9 viruses, A/Guangdong/17SF003/2016 (A/GD) and A/Hong Kong/125/2017 (A/HK). This report describes the development of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) candidates against A/GD and A/HK viruses and study of their safety and immunogenicity in the ferret model in order to choose the most promising one for a phase I clinical trial. The A/HK-based vaccine candidate (A/17/HK) was developed by classical reassortment in eggs. The A/GD-based vaccine candidate (A/17/GD) was generated by reverse genetics. Ferrets were vaccinated with two doses of LAIV or phosphate-buffered saline. Both H7N9 LAIVs tested were safe for ferrets, as shown by absence of clinical signs, and by virological and histological data; they were immunogenic after a single vaccination. These results provide a compelling argument for further testing of these vaccines in volunteers. Since the A/HK virus represents the cluster that has caused the majority of human cases, and because the A/HK-based LAIV candidate was developed by classical reassortment, this is the preferred candidate for a phase I clinical trial.

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Choi, Eunhye, Suk-Ho Shin, Jeh-Kwang Ryu, Kyu-In Jung, Yerin Hyun, Jiyea Kim, and Min-Hyeon Park. "Association of Extensive Video Gaming and Cognitive Function Changes in Brain-Imaging Studies of Pro Gamers and Individuals With Gaming Disorder: Systematic Literature Review." JMIR Serious Games 9, no. 3 (July 9, 2021): e25793. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/25793.

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Background The World Health Organization announced the inclusion of gaming disorder (GD) in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision, despite some concerns. However, video gaming has been associated with the enhancement of cognitive function. Moreover, despite comparable extensive video gaming, pro gamers have not shown any of the negative symptoms that individuals with GD have reported. It is important to understand the association between extensive video gaming and alterations in brain regions more objectively. Objective This study aimed to systematically explore the association between extensive video gaming and changes in cognitive function by focusing on pro gamers and individuals with GD. Methods Studies about pro gamers and individuals with GD were searched for in the PubMed and Web of Science databases using relevant search terms, for example, “pro-gamers” and “(Internet) gaming disorder.” While studies for pro gamers were searched for without date restrictions, only studies published since 2013 about individuals with GD were included in search results. Article selection was conducted by following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Results By following the PRISMA guidelines, 1903 records with unique titles were identified. Through the screening process of titles and abstracts, 86 full-text articles were accessed to determine their eligibility. A total of 18 studies were included in this systematic review. Among the included 18 studies, six studies included pro gamers as participants, one study included both pro gamers and individuals with GD, and 11 studies included individuals with GD. Pro gamers showed structural and functional alterations in brain regions (eg, the left cingulate cortex, the insula subregions, and the prefrontal regions). Cognitive function (eg, attention and sensorimotor function) and cognitive control improved in pro gamers. Individuals with GD showed structural and functional alterations in brain regions (eg, the striatum, the orbitofrontal cortex, and the amygdala) that were associated with impaired cognitive control and higher levels of craving video game playing. They also showed increased cortical thickness in the middle temporal cortex, which indicated the acquisition of better skills. Moreover, it was suggested that various factors (eg, gaming expertise, duration or severity of GD, and level of self-control) seemed to modulate the association of extensive video game playing with changes in cognitive function. Conclusions Although a limited number of studies were identified that included pro gamers and/or individuals who reported showing symptoms of GD for more than 1 year, this review contributed to the objective understanding of the association between extensive video game playing and changes in cognitive function. Conducting studies with a longitudinal design or with various comparison groups in the future would be helpful in deepening the understanding of this association.

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Hossain, A. B. M. Tofazzal, Shaila Kabir, Muhammad Tanvir Muhith, Sadia Choudhury Shimmi, M. Tanveer Hossain Parash, A. H. M. Delwar, Rafia Hossain, Firdaus Hayati, Fairrul Kadir, and Mohammad Saffree Jeffree. "Gustatory Dysfunction in COVID-19: Solitary or Secondary?" Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS) 16, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/bjms.v16i3.3596.

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) commonly presented with neurological and respiratory disorders. Among the neurological symptoms, headache, myalgia, dizziness, impaired consciousness, cerebrovascular accident (CVA), olfactory dysfunction (OD), and gustatory dysfunction (GD) are typical. GD and OD have been included as new symptoms of COVID-19 infection by the World Health Organization (WHO). Taste disorders variedfrom dysgeusia to ageusia. Similarly, OD or smell disorder severity went from microsomia or hyposmia to anosmia. The merit of theseneurological disorders is an early screening criterion for a COVID-19 patient, especially where the diagnostic resources are limited. Most of the published articles demonstrate these two dysfunctions together. Our concise review aimed to determine whether GD in COVID-19 is a solitary (independent) symptom or a secondary (associated) symptom of OD. Besides, we were looking at the possible transmission pathways of SARS-CoV-2, if it can be an early diagnostic symptom, a predictor of severity, and a prognostic factor for impaired outcome. We have limited our study to publishing articles in English only. Therefore, further evaluation might be recommended to include studies published in other languages.

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Revel-Vilk, Shoshana, Gabriel Chodick, Varda Shalev, and Noga Gadir. "Study Design: Development of an Advanced Machine Learning Algorithm for the Early Diagnosis of Gaucher Disease Using Real-World Data." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-134414.

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Background: Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare, autosomal recessive condition, characterized by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase. The main disease features are anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepato-splenomegaly and bone infarction, osteonecrosis, and pathological fractures. However, diagnosis of GD can be challenging, especially for non-specialists, owing to wide variability in age at presentation, non-specific features, severity and type of clinical manifestations, and lack of awareness of the early signs and symptoms of the disease. Delayed and misdiagnosis of GD may lead to irreversible bone disease, severe growth retardation, and high risk of bleeding; in rare cases, misdiagnosis may be life-threatening. Developing a system for early and accurate diagnosis of GD is thus an essential unmet need. The development of an algorithm for early diagnosis of patients with rare diseases such as GD may help reduce delays in diagnosis and enable prompt, appropriate initiation of therapy, earlier decision-making, prevent potentially irreversible morbidities and unnecessary tests (some invasive), reduce anxiety, and facilitate genetic counseling. This study aims to develop a predictive model for the accurate diagnosis of GD using machine learning based on real-world clinical data. Methods: This study will be comprised of three parts. Part 1, a retrospective observational database analysis, will use data from the electronic patient database of the Maccabi Healthcare Service (MHS), the second largest Health Maintenance Organization in Israel. The MHS includes 2.2 million health records from 25% of the Israeli population. Clinical records have been fully computerized for >20 years and are fully integrated with automated central laboratory, digitized imaging and pharmacy purchase data. Patients with confirmed GD who have been enrolled in the MHS health plan for ≥1 year will be eligible for inclusion, with approximately 250 patients with GD expected to be enrolled. Using MHS data from patients with GD, the Gaucher Earlier Diagnosis Consensus (GED-C) scoring system, developed by a consensus panel using Delphi methodology on the signs and co-variables that may be important for the diagnosis of GD, will be evaluated and compared with alternative scores developed directly from clinical data based on supervised machine learning. In Part 2, a clinical study, the best performing modeled scores from Part 1 will be applied to the MHS database to identify individuals who may have undiagnosed GD ('GD suspects'). Samples for diagnostic testing (using a specific and sensitive biomarker (glucosylsphingosine, lyso-Gb1) followed by beta-glucocerebrosidase (GBA) genotyping for positive samples) will be collected from MHS biobank (for individuals who have consented). Individuals not participating in the biobank will be asked to provide a sample. This part of the study will evaluate the predictive value of the modeled scores, and assess the sensitivity and specificity of the model for the diagnosis of new patients with GD. In Part 3, analysis of data from newly diagnosed patients identified in Part 2 will be used to develop machine learning models for the diagnosis of GD (Figure 1). Signs and co-variables included in the GED-C score will be used, eliminating features that are non-informative. Features will be quantitative where possible, and interaction terms will be added for age of onset and trend for key features. A number of methods will be developed, with the best performing, based on its precision at a given sensitivity level, being selected as the final model. External validation of the best identified model is planned, to ensure unbiased estimate of the model's accuracy. Discussion: The main goal of the study is to develop an algorithm to help detect patients with GD, independent of physicians' ability to recognize signs and symptoms, using the application of machine learning to data from a large health database. The study is expected to result in a practical tool that will alert physicians to the possibility of GD. The resulting model will also improve our understanding of GD based on the relative importance of features for GD prediction. Such tools will have a positive impact on patient care and quality of life and on healthcare costs and may lead to a change in approach for diagnosing rare diseases. Disclosures Revel-Vilk: Takeda: Honoraria; sanofi-Genzyme: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria. Chodick:Novartis Pharma AG: Other: Institutional grant. Gadir:Takeda: Current Employment.

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Kifordu, A. Anthony, Iwelu Macdonald Morah Ejindu, and Wilfred Ukpere. "Ethnic diversity management as a stimulant of organizational performance: A study of commercial banks." Journal of Global Economics and Business 3, no. 11 (October 1, 2022): 113–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31039/jgeb.v3i11.93.

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This study investigated the relationship between ethnic diversity management and organizational performance: A study of Commercial banks. The specific aims of the study are to ascertain the effect of the measures of ethnic diversity management, namely; Gender Diversity (GD) and Age Diversity (AD), on Organizational Performance (ORGP). The responses from the respondents were collected with the aid of five (5) Likert Scale questionnaire measures. A total of 267 questionnaires were administered to employees of two branches Out of the 267 questionnaires administered, two hundred and sixty (260)97.38% were retrieved and properly filled while seven (7)2.69% did not properly fill and returned. The questionnaire was coded with the aid of an excel spreadsheet, and the respondent's profile was analyzed with manual simple percentages, descriptive statistics and a correlation matrix. The hypotheses of the study were tested using multiple regression statistical tools with the aid of SPSS version 23. The findings revealed that: There is a significant positive relationship between Gender Diversity (GD) and Organizational Performance (ORGP) (0.035<0.001); as well as a significant positive relationship between Age Diversity (AD) and Organizational Performance (ORGP) (0.001<0.05); Based on the findings, the study concludes that ethnic diversity management had a positive and significant effect on organizational performance Commercial banks. The study recommends that commercial banks should maintain and improve their gender diversity management; this will go a long way in enhancing their performance.

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Unruh, Colin, Nicolas Van Bavel, Max Anikovskiy, and Elmar J. Prenner. "Benefits and Detriments of Gadolinium from Medical Advances to Health and Ecological Risks." Molecules 25, no. 23 (December 7, 2020): 5762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235762.

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Gadolinium (Gd)-containing chelates have been established as diagnostics tools. However, extensive use in magnetic resonance imaging has led to increased Gd levels in industrialized parts of the world, adding to natural occurrence and causing environmental and health concerns. A vast amount of data shows that metal may accumulate in the human body and its deposition has been detected in organs such as brain and liver. Moreover, the disease nephrogenic systemic fibrosis has been linked to increased Gd3+ levels. Investigation of Gd3+ effects at the cellular and molecular levels mostly revolves around calcium-dependent proteins, since Gd3+ competes with calcium due to their similar size; other reports focus on interaction of Gd3+ with nucleic acids and carbohydrates. However, little is known about Gd3+ effects on membranes; yet some results suggest that Gd3+ interacts strongly with biologically-relevant lipids (e.g., brain membrane constituents) and causes serious structural changes including enhanced membrane rigidity and propensity for lipid fusion and aggregation at much lower concentrations than other ions, both toxic and essential. This review surveys the impact of the anthropogenic use of Gd emphasizing health risks and discussing debilitating effects of Gd3+ on cell membrane organization that may lead to deleterious health consequences.

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André, João P., Éva Tóth, Holger Fischer, Anna Seelig, Helmut R. Mäcke, and André E. Merbach. "High Relaxivity for Monomeric Gd(DOTA)-Based MRI Contrast Agents, Thanks to Micellar Self-Organization." Chemistry - A European Journal 5, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 2977–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3765(19991001)5:10<2977::aid-chem2977>3.0.co;2-t.

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Jo, Yeong Seon, Soo Young Bhang, Jung Seok Choi, Hae Kook Lee, Seung Yup Lee, and Yong-Sil Kweon. "Clinical Characteristics of Diagnosis for Internet Gaming Disorder: Comparison of DSM-5 IGD and ICD-11 GD Diagnosis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 7 (June 28, 2019): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8070945.

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The American Psychiatric Association (APA) included internet game disorder (IGD) in section III of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5) on the condition that it guaranteed more clinical research and experience. The World Health Organization (WHO) also included Game Disorder (GD) in the 11th final revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and recently recognized it as a diagnosis code. This study aims to compare clinical characteristics and gaming behavior patterns between the IGD diagnosis criteria proposed by the DSM-5 and the GD diagnosis criteria proposed by the ICD-11 based on clinical cohort data (c-CURE: clinic-Cohort for Understanding of internet addiction Rescue factors in Early life) obtained in the Republic of Korea. Psychologists and psychiatrists conducted semi-structured interviews with children/adolescents and their caregivers to identify IGD (Diagnostic Interview for Internet, Game, SNS, etc. Addiction, DIA), and comorbid psychiatric disorders (Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version-Korean version, K-SADS-PL). The cohort was divided into three IGD diagnosis groups (Normal, DSM5, DSM5 + ICD11) based on DSM-5 and ICD-11 diagnosis criteria. Internet usage pattern and addiction characteristics and psychiatric comorbidities were compared among the three IGD diagnosis groups. The Normal group consisted of 115 subjects, the DSM5 group contained 61 subjects, and the DSM5 + ICD11 group amounted to 12 subjects. The DSM5 + ICD11 group had a lower age of starting use of Internet/games/smartphones than other groups and the average time of Internet/game/smartphone use during weekdays/weekends was the highest. Also, in the eight items scored, excluding ‘deceiving’ and ‘craving’, the rate of threshold was highest in the DSM5 + ICD11 group, followed by the DSM5 group and the Normal group. On the other hand, ‘deceiving’ and ‘craving’ were the highest in DSM5, followed by DSM5 + ICD11 and Normal. The DSM5 + ICD11 group had significantly higher rates of depressive disorder, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) compared to other groups. This study provides implications for the clinical characteristics of IGD diagnosis in the field by comparing the DSM-5 IGD diagnosis criteria with the ICD-11 GD diagnosis criteria. Furthermore, this study provides empirical evidence that ICD-11 GD emphasizes serious symptoms such as functional impairment caused by excessive Internet/game/smartphone use over a long time, and it supports the validity of the ICD-11 GD diagnosis.

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Ponsiglione, Alfonso Maria, Maria Russo, and Enza Torino. "Glycosaminoglycans and Contrast Agents: The Role of Hyaluronic Acid as MRI Contrast Enhancer." Biomolecules 10, no. 12 (November 28, 2020): 1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10121612.

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A comprehensive understanding of the behaviour of Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) combined with imaging or therapeutic agents can be a key factor for the rational design of drug delivery and diagnostic systems. In this work, physical and thermodynamic phenomena arising from the complex interplay between GAGs and contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) have been explored. Being an excellent candidate for drug delivery and diagnostic systems, Hyaluronic acid (HA) (0.1 to 0.7%w/v) has been chosen as a GAG model, and Gd-DTPA (0.01 to 0.2 mM) as a relevant MRI contrast agent. HA samples crosslinked with divinyl sulfone (DVS) have also been investigated. Water Diffusion and Isothermal Titration Calorimetry studies demonstrated that the interaction between HA and Gd-DTPA can form hydrogen bonds and coordinate water molecules, which plays a leading role in determining both the polymer conformation and the relaxometric properties of the contrast agent. This interaction can be modulated by changing the GAG/contrast agent molar ratio and by acting on the organization of the polymer network. The fine control over the combination of GAGs and imaging agents could represent an enormous advantage in formulating novel multifunctional diagnostic probes paving the way for precision nanomedicine tools.

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Frizziero, Leonardo, Alfredo Liverani, Giampiero Donnici, Enrico Conti, Beatrice Dello Preite, Umberto Lamanna, Christian Leon-Cardenas, and Matteo Garulli. "GD (Generative Design) Applied to a Plastics Recovery Drone (PRD) Using IDeS (Industrial Design Structure)." Inventions 6, no. 4 (November 5, 2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions6040082.

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The evolution of innovative and systematic design methodologies over time has widened the design concept involvement from the product development phase, which also includes the production and start-up phases. Literature findings have presented to accomplish a Generative Design (GD) approach through the application of an innovative method called Industrial Structure Design (IDeS), a systematic design method able to discover the customer’s needs and the fundamental technical solutions to obtain a good innovative product, involving the whole organization for this achievement. Nevertheless, there is a social demand for solutions to the dramatic and growing problem of marine pollution from plastic materials, encouraging the designers to conceive a new innovative drone for waste collection at sea. Therefore, this study aims to merge all the most advanced design technologies with IDeS in an integrated way, by generating a structure that can also be adopted to plan the organization of a production company. The approach is validated with the design of the Recovery Plastic Drone (RPD) obtained with the IDeS methodology, combining Design and Product development phases, leading to a better and innovative solution for the market.

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Nakajima, T., H. Yoshifuji, Y. Yamano, H. Handa, K. Ohmura, T. Mimori, and C. Terao. "THU0023 DETAILED PROFILE OF CO-OCCURRENCE OF RELAPSING POLYCHONDRITIS AND AUTOIMMUNE THYROID DISEASE." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 224.2–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5349.

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Background:Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare inflammatory disease, which is characterized by recurrent inflammation and destruction of cartilage tissues. RP also has the profile of autoimmune disease and is often complicated with other autoimmune disease. Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is one of common autoimmune diseases, which consists of Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). While RP is reported to be complicated with AITD1), there has been no study on detailed profile of co-occurrence of RP and AITD.Objectives:We aimed to reveal whether there is common (statistically significant) co-occurrence of RP and AITD. We also analyzed clinical and genetic profiles characterizing the co-occurrence.Methods:We recruited 117 patients with RP and checked their medical records in order to obtain the information about compilation of AITD and clinical features. In addition, we genotyped Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) A, B Cw, DRB1, DQB1 and DPB1 alleles for 88 of the 117 patients. Co-occurrence ratio was compared with prevalence of AITD in the Japanese population. Associations of co-occurrence of AITD with clinical manifestations or HLA alleles were analyzed among the patients.Results:Among the 117 patients with RP, 5 (4.3%) and 6 (5.1%) patients had GD and HT, respectively. Patients with RP were more likely to be complicated with GD (p=1.04×10-3, OR: 7.15, 95%CI 2.68~ 18.14) but not with HT (p=0.50, 95%CI 0.59~1.27), compared with prevalence in general Japanese population (0.62% and 5.9%, respectively2)). RP patients with GD showed a trend to have nasal involvement (100% vs 45.5%, p=0.023, OR: 2.58, 95%CI 1.09~∞). We did not observe any differences in clinical manifestation in patients with RP and HT. HLA- DPB1*02:02 demonstrated a trend toward GD complication (20% vs 2.3%, p=0.035, OR: 10.41, 95%CI 1.23~65.38). There were no association of HLA in the complication of HT among patients with RP.Conclusion:Patients with RP have high co-occurrence ratio of GD. Patients with the two diseases may be characterized by nasal involvement and HLA-DPB1*02:02.References:[1]Kung AW et al. Graves’ ophthalmopathy and relapsing polychondritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1995 Jul-Aug;13(4):501-3.[2]Nagataki S et al. Thyroid diseases among atomic bomb survivors in Nagasaki. JAMA. 1994 Aug 3;272(5):364-70.Disclosure of Interests:Toshiki Nakajima Speakers bureau: Bristol-Myers Squibb and Novartis, Hajime Yoshifuji Grant/research support from: Astellas Pharma. (Outside the field of the present study.), Speakers bureau: Chugai Pharmaceutical. (Outside the field of the present study.), Yoshihisa Yamano: None declared, Hiroshi Handa: None declared, Koichiro Ohmura Grant/research support from: Astellas Pharma, AYUMI Pharmaceutical, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Japan Blood Products Organization, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Nippon Kayaku, Nippon Shinyaku, Sanofi, and Takeda Pharmaceutical., Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Japan, Asahi Kasei Pharma, AYUMI Pharmaceutical, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Eisai, Eli Lilly and Company, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Novartis Pharma, and Sanofi., Tsuneyo Mimori: None declared, Chikashi Terao Grant/research support from: Actelion, Speakers bureau: Asteras, Asahi Kasei Pharma, Ono and Tanabe-Mitsubishi

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Bacolod, Manny D., and Francis Barany. "A Unified Transcriptional, Pharmacogenomic, and Gene Dependency Approach to Decipher the Biology, Diagnostic Markers, and Therapeutic Targets Associated with Prostate Cancer Metastasis." Cancers 13, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 5158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13205158.

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Our understanding of metastatic prostate cancer (mPrCa) has dramatically advanced during the genomics era. Nonetheless, many aspects of the disease may still be uncovered through reanalysis of public datasets. We integrated the expression datasets for 209 PrCa tissues (metastasis, primary, normal) with expression, gene dependency (GD) (from CRISPR/cas9 screen), and drug viability data for hundreds of cancer lines (including PrCa). Comparative statistical and pathways analyses and functional annotations (available inhibitors, protein localization) revealed relevant pathways and potential (and previously reported) protein markers for minimally invasive mPrCa diagnostics. The transition from localized to mPrCa involved the upregulation of DNA replication, mitosis, and PLK1-mediated events. Genes highly upregulated in mPrCa and with very high average GD (~1) are potential therapeutic targets. We showed that fostamatinib (which can target PLK1 and other over-expressed serine/threonine kinases such as AURKA, MELK, NEK2, and TTK) is more active against cancer lines with more pronounced signatures of invasion (e.g., extracellular matrix organization/degradation). Furthermore, we identified surface-bound (e.g., ADAM15, CD276, ABCC5, CD36, NRP1, SCARB1) and likely secreted proteins (e.g., APLN, ANGPT2, CTHRC1, ADAM12) that are potential mPrCa diagnostic markers. Overall, we demonstrated that comprehensive analyses of public genomics data could reveal potentially clinically relevant information regarding mPrCa.

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Okuwaki, Mitsuru, Mayumi Abe, Miharu Hisaoka, and Kyosuke Nagata. "Regulation of Cellular Dynamics and Chromosomal Binding Site Preference of Linker Histones H1.0 and H1.X." Molecular and Cellular Biology 36, no. 21 (August 15, 2016): 2681–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00200-16.

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Linker histones play important roles in the genomic organization of mammalian cells. Of the linker histone variants, H1.X shows the most dynamic behavior in the nucleus. Recent research has suggested that the linker histone variants H1.X and H1.0 have different chromosomal binding site preferences. However, it remains unclear how the dynamics and binding site preferences of linker histones are determined. Here, we biochemically demonstrated that the DNA/nucleosome and histone chaperone binding activities of H1.X are significantly lower than those of other linker histones. This explains why H1.X moves more rapidly than other linker histonesin vivo. Domain swapping between H1.0 and H1.X suggests that the globular domain (GD) and C-terminal domain (CTD) of H1.X independently contribute to the dynamic behavior of H1.X. Our results also suggest that the N-terminal domain (NTD), GD, and CTD cooperatively determine the preferential binding sites, and the contribution of each domain for this determination is different depending on the target genes. We also found that linker histones accumulate in the nucleoli when the nucleosome binding activities of the GDs are weak. Our results contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms of dynamic behaviors, binding site selection, and localization of linker histones.

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Wang, Xiaolan, Chan Ding, Shaohui Wang, Xiangan Han, and Shengqing Yu. "Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis and Genome-Wide Virulence Gene Identification of Riemerella anatipestifer Strain Yb2." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 15 (May 22, 2015): 5093–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00828-15.

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ABSTRACTRiemerella anatipestiferis a well-described pathogen of waterfowl and other avian species that can cause septicemic and exudative diseases. In this study, we sequenced the complete genome ofR. anatipestiferstrain Yb2 and analyzed it against the published genomic sequences ofR. anatipestiferstrains DSM15868, RA-GD, RA-CH-1, and RA-CH-2. The Yb2 genome contains one circular chromosome of 2,184,066 bp with a 35.73% GC content and no plasmid. The genome has 2,021 open reading frames that occupy 90.88% of the genome. A comparative genomic analysis revealed that genome organization is highly conserved amongR. anatipestiferstrains, except for four inversions of a sequence segment in Yb2. A phylogenetic analysis found that the closest neighbor of Yb2 is RA-GD. Furthermore, we constructed a library of 3,175 mutants by random transposon mutagenesis, and 100 mutants exhibiting more than 100-fold-attenuated virulence were obtained by animal screening experiments. Southern blot analysis and genetic characterization of the mutants led to the identification of 49 virulence genes. Of these, 25 encode cytoplasmic proteins, 6 encode cytoplasmic membrane proteins, 4 encode outer membrane proteins, and the subcellular localization of the remaining 14 gene products is unknown. The functional classification of orthologous-group clusters revealed that 16 genes are associated with metabolism, 6 are associated with cellular processing and signaling, and 4 are associated with information storage and processing. The functions of the other 23 genes are poorly characterized or unknown. This genome-wide study identified genes important to the virulence ofR. anatipestifer.

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Li, Yao, Jun Jie Yang, Ping Xue, and Zhi Jiang Zuo. "Effect of RE on Microstructure and Properties of AM60 Magnesium Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.172.

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Industrial AM60 magnesium alloy, to which mixed rare earth containing Y, Gd and Nd elements is added, was used to study the effects of rare earth (RE) on their casting microstructures and properties. The experimental results showed that RE could effectively improve grain refinement and the internal organization, which transferred the Mg17Al12 phase from the network structure into grainy one. The microscopic analysis indicated that by adding the mixed RE, the amount of Mg17Al12 compounds was less than that without mixed RE on the grain boundaries, and it was replaced by Al-RE compounds. In addition, the mechanical properties of the alloy with mixed RE had been significantly improved and the maximum tensile strength was up to about 260MPa and the elongation rate could reach more than 10%. When the mixed RE content was more than 2%, coarse Al-RE compounds were formed in the alloy, which degraded the mechanical properties.

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Sidique, Essam, Mervat A. Elhaddad, Sayed F. Abdelwahab, and Hany H. El Hadek. "Health Hazards Assessment and Geochemistry of ElSibai-Abu ElTiyur Granites, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 16, 2021): 12002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112412002.

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In this paper, a thorough radio- and chem-ecological evaluation of ElSibai-Abu ElTiyur granites located within Egypt’s crystalline basement rocks was conducted for risk and dose assessments. Twenty granitic samples from the study area’s various lithological units were analyzed using high-resolution γ-ray spectrometry to determine the natural radioisotopes (U-238, Th-232, and K-40) concentrations. The average concentrations of U-238, Th-232, and K-40 were 38.72, 38.23, and 860.71 Bq/kg, respectively, exceeding the GAV (global average value) documented by UNSCEAR (Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, Vienna, Austria). The radiological parameters and indices judging the usage of ElSibai-Abu ElTiyur granites in homes were computed. The obtained results showed that ElSibai-Abu ElTiyur granites are safe to be used by inhabitants as superficial building materials, as per the globally accepted values and the recommended safety limits approved by UNSEAR, WHO (World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland), ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection, Ottawa, ON, Canada), and EC (European Commission, Luxembourg). Further, the samples were subjected to ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) analysis for quantifying radionuclide variations with chemical composition. Geochemically based on the ICP-MS results, the studied granites proved to be highly evolved A-type granites. They span the metaluminous to peralkaline fields. The REE patterns are characterized by the enrichment of the light rare earths (LREE) over the heavy ones (HREE) where (La/Yb)n = 5.2, (Gd/Yb)n = 1.63 with pronounced negative Eu-anomalies (Eu/Eu*)n = 0.49. The albite granite exhibits the highest concentrations of Ga, Nb, Ta, U, and Y, and REE (Gd, Dy, Ho, Yb) than the Na-metasomatic granites. Finally, the obtained data serve as a valuable future database for finding out the compatibility of the geochemical data with the natural radioactivity levels of granites.

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Giraldo, Pilar, Pilar Alfonso, Paz Latre, Angeles M. Fernandez-Galan, Dora Alonso, Angeles M. Ruiz, Ana Vasco, et al. "The Spanish Gaucher Registry. An Observatoire To Detect Neurological Manifestations in Patients and Relatives." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 3850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.3850.3850.

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Abstract Background: The Spanish Gaucher Foundation (FEETEG) is an independent and non-profit organization that keeps the Spanish Gaucher Registry (SGR) established in 1993. This SGR contains demographic, genetic, clinical, analytical and image data from a cohort of 306 Gaucher Disease (GD) patients (269 GD1, 22 GD2, 16 GD3), and 751 relatives. The SGR is a useful tool to perform epidemiological-genetic studies and analyse associated comorbilities. Patients and Methods: From January to July 2006 an epidemiological survey to physicians and to the patients through GD Associations was conducted to ascertain the incidence of neurological symptoms in patients and their relatives as well as analyse genotype-phenotype relationship. The statistical analysis was performed in a SPSS 12.0 database using descriptive parameters, ANOVA, t-test and correlation study including Pearson coefficient. Results: Twenty-four (38.7%) out of 62 GD1 patient respondents from 56 families have neurological symptoms, 8 (12.5%) tremor, 8 (12.5%) uncoordinated movements, 11 (17.7%) concentration defects, 3 (4.8%) strabismus and 8 (12.5%) deafness, 3 (4.8%) Parkinson Disease (PD). Twenty-one out of 56 families have one or more relatives with neurological manifestations. There were 29(8.6%) out of 336 relatives with neurological symptoms:13 (3.8%) PD, 5 (1.5%) epilepsy, 6 (1.8%) essential tremor, 5 (1.5%) others. Subjects with PD were carriers of mutations:: S364R, G202R, V398I, R47X, L336P, L444P, G195W, recNci and insertion alleles. In families with epilepsy the predominant carrier mutations were: L444P, G195W, R130W and in essential tremor: L444P. Comments: There is a high incidence of neurological symptoms between GD1 patients and carriers. These manifestations appear frequently in carriers of rare mutations. It is very recommendable to perform a systematic neurological exam in GD1 patients and in carriers with risk mutations.

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Hong, Ie-Hong, Yung-Feng Tsai, and Tsung-Ming Chen. "Self-organization of mesoscopically ordered parallel Gd-silicide nanowire arrays on a Si(110)-16×2 surface: A massively parallel active architecture." Applied Physics Letters 98, no. 19 (May 9, 2011): 193118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3590199.

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Morea, Gregory F. "The Establishment and Management of a Production Data Exchange Group." Journal of Ship Production 21, no. 02 (May 1, 2005): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2005.21.2.73.

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The design and construction of any marine vessel designed on a computer-assisted design (CAD) system, from a nuclear aircraft carrier to the smallest work boat, requires the interaction of many electronic databases, all of which must be continually updated for the work to proceed. The exchange of this information, especially geometry, in digital format is accomplished using many different tools and techniques. Much has been presented to the marine community about the tools used, such as the Initial Graphics Exchange Specification (IGES) and the Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP), and how these tools might be used for exchanges in the future, but little has been presented on how production data exchanges actually occur. At Electric Boat, current submarine programs cannot wait for future data transfer solutions. Design and construction data must be exchanged among various activities, internal and external, with such volume as to make manual reentry of data an unrealistic solution. Because of the complexities associated with the electronic exchange of these data, the General Dynamics (GD) Marine organization of Electric Boat has a dedicated group that both performs production data exchanges and researches and implements new methods of electronic transfer. This paper discusses the rationale for and the formation of the data exchange group at Electric Boat, along with its place within GD Marine. It then presents an overview of the tools used by the group and how production transfers occur, both routine and unique. Notable transfers provide examples of how the group works to solve transfer problems. Importantly, this paper shows how many of the exchange standards developed for the marine industry actually work in production. Special emphasis will be placed on the exchange of solid models in a day-to-day environment. The paper concludes with a look at the future of production data exchanges for Electric Boat and the larger marine industry.

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Castro, Juracy Corrêa, Fernando Antonio Cunha Bastos, Thales Henrique Pires Cruz, Tania Santos Giani, Márcia de Assunção Ferreira, and Estélio Henrique Martin Dantas. "Níveis de qualidade de vida em idosas ativas praticantes de dança, musculação e meditação." Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia 12, no. 2 (August 2009): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-9823.2009.12028.

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Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os níveis de qualidade de vida entre idosas sedentárias e ativas, praticantes de dança, musculação e meditação, avaliando ainda os efeitos destes sobre aqueles. Para tal, neste estudo ex post facto, a amostra foi dividida em quatro grupos: grupo de dança (GD, n=20, idade=67±4 anos), grupo de musculação (GF, n=15, idade=67±5 anos), grupo de meditação (GM, n=15, idade=68±4 anos) e grupo controle (GC, n=20, idade=68±6 anos). O protocolo utilizado na avaliação da qualidade de vida foi o questionário World Health Organization Quality of Life Group-old - WHOQOL-OLD. Nas comparações múltiplas (Post Hoc de Sheffe ou intervalo de confiança) foram encontrados resultados satisfatórios nas variáveis dom1 (Habilidades sensoriais; GDxGC, p=0,006), dom2 (Autonomia; GDxGF, p=0,026; GDxGC, p<0,001; GFxGC, p=0,001; GMxGC, p<0,001), dom3 (Atividades passadas presentes e futuras; GDxGC, p=0,004; GFxGC, p=0,033; GMxGC, p<0,001), dom4 (Participação social; GDxGC, IC=+0,421,+41,479; GMxGC, IC=+4,456,+48,804) e QVG (GDxGC, p<0,001; GFxGC, p=0,033; GMxGC, p<0,001). Após a exposição dos dados, inferiu-se que os dois programas de atividade física (dança e musculação) e a prática da meditação apresentaram, na amostra analisada, resultados satisfatórios, contribuindo para um melhor nível de qualidade de vida quando comparados com aqueles apresentados pelo GC.

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Crespo, Mario, James Nienhuis, Jan Tivang, and Paul Skroch. "Genetic Relationships among Accessions and Cultivars of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Based on RAPD Molecular Markers." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 773C—773. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.773c.

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Knowledge of relative genetic distance among genotypes is useful in a breeding program because it permits organization of germplasm resources. Genetic distance (GD) was estimated among 113 faba bean, Vicia faba L. genotypes, which included three botanical varieties from different geographical areas around the world. The genotypes included 87 accessions from Bolivia, 14 accessions from the Middle East and North Africa, five accessions from Australia, and seven commercial varieties from Europe. Twenty-three RAPD primers were scored yielding four to 13 polymorphic bands resulting in a total of 165 bands. Our objective was to determine genetic relationships among accessions and cultivars as measured by RAPD markers. The genetic relationships were estimated using the ratio of discordant to total bands scored. A multidimensional scaling (MDS) plot indicated four clusters corresponding to: i) European commercial cultivars; ii) the Middle East, North Africa, and Australian accessions; iii) the Bolivian highland landraces; and iv) the Bolivian collection maintained in a valley environment. A permutation test confirmed the four clusters (P < 0.01). Sampling variance results indicated that a CV of 10% could be obtained with as few as 148 bands between groups. Selection and drift appears the main cause of divergence of two populations in the Bolivian faba bean collection. The results of this study indicated that RAPDs are a powerful tool for evaluation of germplasm conservation methods in faba bean.

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Salerno, Luana, Leonardo Becheri, and Stefano Pallanti. "ADHD-Gaming Disorder Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents: A Narrative Review." Children 9, no. 10 (October 6, 2022): 1528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9101528.

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Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological condition characterized by developmentally inadequate levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, and a neurobiological disruption in brain neurotransmitters and circuitry causing abnormal responses to rewards. Playing electronic games generates a biological response that activates the neuronal circuits linked to pleasure and reward, and there is a growing attention to this type of activity, which can also turn into a mental health condition. The existence and the boundaries between the functional and the dysfunctional are still a source of debate, with the recognition of ‘Internet Gaming Disorder’ (IGD) as a condition belonging to the broader area of addiction requiring more in-depth study with respect to the DSM-5, while ‘Gaming Disorder’ (GD) was officially recognized as a new diagnosis by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the updated revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Notwithstanding, the suggested criteria for the diagnosis of Gaming Disorder are still debated. Since ADHD has been reported as a risk factor for developing addictions, this narrative review aims to provide the current state-of-the art of the knowledge about the comorbidity between ADHD and Gaming Disorder. For this aim, a literature search was conducted using a combination of specific keywords and the results are discussed within the R-Do-C framework and dimensions, and implications for treatment are considered.

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Kader, Avan, Julia Brangsch, Carolin Reimann, Jan O. Kaufmann, Dilyana B. Mangarova, Jana Moeckel, Lisa C. Adams, et al. "Visualization and Quantification of the Extracellular Matrix in Prostate Cancer Using an Elastin Specific Molecular Probe." Biology 10, no. 11 (November 22, 2021): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10111217.

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Human prostate cancer (PCa) is a type of malignancy and one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in men. Elastin is an important component of the extracellular matrix and is involved in the structure and organization of prostate tissue. The present study examined prostate cancer in a xenograft mouse model using an elastin-specific molecular probe for magnetic resonance molecular imaging. Two different tumor sizes (500 mm3 and 1000 mm3) were compared and analyzed by MRI in vivo and histologically and analytically ex vivo. The T1-weighted sequence was used in a clinical 3-T scanner to calculate the relative contrast enhancement before and after probe administration. Our results show that the use of an elastin-specific probe enables better discrimination between tumors and surrounding healthy tissue. Furthermore, specific binding of the probe to elastin fibers was confirmed by histological examination and laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Smaller tumors showed significantly higher signal intensity (p > 0.001), which correlates with the higher proportion of elastin fibers in the histological evaluation than in larger tumors. A strong correlation was seen between relative enhancement (RE) and Elastica–van Gieson staining (R2 = 0.88). RE was related to inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry data for Gd and showed a correlation (R2 = 0.78). Thus, molecular MRI could become a novel quantitative tool for the early evaluation and detection of PCa.

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Pishtshev, Aleksandr, Evgenii Strugovshchikov, and Smagul Karazhanov. "On Prediction of a Novel Chiral Material Y2H3O(OH): A Hydroxyhydride Holding Hydridic and Protonic Hydrogens." Materials 13, no. 4 (February 22, 2020): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040994.

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Examination of possible pathways of how oxygen atoms can be added to a yttrium oxyhydride system allowed us to predict new derivatives such as hydroxyhydrides possessing the composition M2H3O(OH) (M = Y, Sc, La, and Gd) in which three different anions (H-, O2−, and OH-) share the common chemical space. The crystal data of the solid hydroxyhydrides obtained on the base of DFT modeling correspond to the tetragonal structure that is characterized by the chiral space group P 4 1 . The analysis of bonding situation in M2H3O(OH) showed that the microscopic mechanism governing chemical transformations is caused by the displacements of protons which are induced by interaction with oxygen atoms incorporated into the crystal lattice of the bulk oxyhydride. The oxygen-mediated transformation causes a change in the charge state of some adjacent hydridic sites, thus forming protonic sites associated with hydroxyl groups. The predicted materials demonstrate a specific charge ordering that is associated with the chiral structural organization of the metal cations and the anions because their lattice positions form helical curves spreading along the tetragonal axis. Moreover, the effect of spatial twisting of the H- and H+ sites provides additional linking via strong dihydrogen bonds. The structure–property relationships have been investigated in terms of structural, mechanical, electron, and optical features. It was shown that good polar properties of the materials make them possible prototypes for the design of nonlinear optical systems.

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Sormani, Maria Pia, Paolo A. Muraro, Riccardo Saccardi, and Gianluigi Mancardi. "NEDA status in highly active MS can be more easily obtained with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation than other drugs." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 23, no. 2 (July 11, 2016): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458516645670.

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The no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) composite measure has emerged as one attractive new target of therapies in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), consisting of the following features: (1) no relapses, (2) no disability progression, and (3) no magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity (new or enlarging T2 lesions or Gd-enhancing lesions). Achievement of NEDA status in patients receiving a disease-modifying therapy (DMT) seems to be an ambitious but ideal goal for therapies in RRMS. Recently, published post hoc analyses of clinical trials reported percentages of RRMS patients maintaining the NEDA status after 2 years of therapy ranging between 13% and 46%. Long-term assessment of NEDA patients in real-life settings showed very low probability to be NEDA in the long run. Against this scenario, immunoablative therapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) demonstrated the potential to maintain a much higher proportion of NEDA patients at 2 years (ranging from 78% to 83%) and also at 5 years (ranging from 60% to 68%). This is even more relevant when considering that MS patients who underwent aHSCT are much more active than patients usually enrolled in clinical trials. The emerging evidence of the efficacy of this therapeutic approach in early aggressive and treatment-resistant RRMS calls for the organization of a randomized comparative trial to fully evaluate the risk–benefit profile of aHSCT in patients with highly active MS not responding to DMTs.

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Galldiks, Norbert, Lutz W. Kracht, Veronika Dunkl, Roland T. Ullrich, Stefan Vollmar, Andreas H. Jacobs, Gereon R. Fink, and Michael Schroeter. "Imaging of Non— or Very Subtle Contrast-Enhancing Malignant Gliomas with [11C]-Methionine Positron Emission Tomography." Molecular Imaging 10, no. 6 (November 1, 2011): 7290.2011.00014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7290.2011.00014.

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In patients with World Health Organization (WHO) grade III glioma with a lack of or minimal (< 1 cm3) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancement, the volume of the metabolically active part of the tumor was assessed by [ 11 C]-methionine positron emission tomography (MET-PET). Eleven patients with WHO grade III gliomas underwent MET-PET and MRI (contrast-enhanced T1-and T2-weighted images). To calculate the volumes in cubic centimeters, threshold-based volume of interest analyses of the metabolically active tumor (MET uptake index ≥ 1.3), contrast enhancement, and the T2 lesion were performed after coregistration of all images. In all patients, the metabolically active tumor volume was larger than the volume of gadolinium–diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) enhancement (20.8 ± 18.8 vs 0.29 ± 0.25 cm3; p < .001). With the exception of one patient, the volumes of contrast enhancement were located within the metabolically active tumor volume. In contrast, in the majority of patients, MET uptake overlapped with the T<sb>2 lesion and reached beyond it (in 10 of 12 MRIs/MET-PET scans). The present data suggest that in patients with WHO grade III glioma with minimal or a lack of contrast enhancement, MET-PET delineates metabolically active tumor tissue. These findings support the use of combined PET-MRI with radiolabeled amino acids (eg, MET) for the delineating of the true extent of active tumor in the diagnosis and treatment planning of patients with gliomas.

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Stuphorn, Veit, Erhard Bauswein, and Klaus-Peter Hoffmann. "Neurons in the Primate Superior Colliculus Coding for Arm Movements in Gaze-Related Coordinates." Journal of Neurophysiology 83, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 1283–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.83.3.1283.

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In the intermediate and deep layers of the superior colliculus (SC), a well-established oculomotor structure, a substantial population of cells is involved in the control of arm movements. To examine the reference frame of these neurons, we recorded in two rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta) the discharges of 331 neurons in the SC and the underlying mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) while monkeys reached to the same target location during different gaze orientations. For 65 reach-related cells with sufficient data and for simultaneously recorded electromyograms (EMGs) of 11 arm muscles, we calculated an ANOVA (factors: target position, gaze angle) and a gaze-dependency (GD) index. EMGs and the activity of many (60%) of the reach-related neurons were not influenced by the target representation on the retina or eye position. We refer to these as “gaze-independent” reach neurons. For 40%, however, the GD fell outside the range of the muscle modulation, and the ANOVA showed a significant influence of gaze. These “gaze-related” reach neurons discharge only when the monkey reaches for targets having specific coordinates in relation to the gaze axis, i.e., for targets in a gaze-related “reach movement field” (RMF). Neuronal activity was not modulated by the specific path of the arm movement, the muscle pattern that is necessary for its realization or the arm that was used for the reach. In each SC we found gaze-related neurons with RMFs both in the contralateral and in the ipsilateral hemifield. The topographical organization of the gaze-related reach neurons in the SC could not be matched with the well-known visual and oculomotor maps. Gaze-related neurons were more modulated in their strength of activity with different directions of arm movements than were gaze-independent reach neurons. Gaze-related reach neurons were recorded at a median depth of 2.03 mm below SC surface in the intermediate layers, where they overlap with saccade-related burst neurons (median depth: 1.55 mm). Most of the gaze-independent reach cells were found in a median depth of 4.01 mm below the SC surface in the deep layers and in the underlying MRF. The gaze-related reach neurons operating in a gaze-centered coordinate system could signal either the desired target position with respect to gaze direction or the motor error between gaze axis and reach target. The gaze-independent reach neurons, possibly operating in a shoulder- or arm-centered reference frame, might carry signals closer to motor output. Together these two types of reach neurons add evidence to our hypothesis that the SC is involved in the sensorimotor transformation for eye-hand coordination in primates.

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Gavrishin, Anatoli I., and Ivan V. Ivanov. "On the influence of the trace element composition of regoliths on the labor safety of astronauts on the Moon." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 63, no. 2 (February 25, 2023): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2023-63-2-78-87.

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Introduction. The problem of using near-Earth space to meet various human needs, including the development of minerals, especially on the Moon, is becoming relevant, which increases the importance of research on occupational safety in these conditions. The study aims to research the trace element composition of regoliths in comparison with terrestrial rocks and its significance for the safety of astronauts on the lunar surface. Materials and methods. The researchers evaluated the trace element composition of the regolith by calculating the concentration coefficients and the quality drop coefficient. When identifying homogeneous classes of regoliths by concentrations of 38 chemical elements, we used computer technology to classify multidimensional observations under conditions of self-organization. Results. We know that the concentrations of many trace elements in regoliths significantly exceed their concentrations in terrestrial soils. Calculated for the Luna-16 and Luna-24 marine regoliths, as well as for Apollo-11 and Apollo-12, the quality reduction coefficient varies from 27 to 100, which corresponds to the "crisis" category. This indicates that the content of trace elements in the regolith ranges from weekly critical (27 for the Luna-16 regolith) to highly critical (100 for the Apollo-12 regolith). The researchers identified trace elements whose concentrations in lunar regoliths significantly exceed their concentrations in terrestrial soils: Cr, Be, Co, Sc, Ho, Se, Ni, Au, Ag, Er, Tm, Y, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy Yb, Lu, Cd, Zr, Sr, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu. Trace trace elements are included in the group of substances with allergenic, fibrogenic and carcinogenic effects and can have a negative impact on the health of future lunar colonists. Limitations. The authors have conducted the study for the composition of regolith on the surface of the Moon and did not cover aspects of human protection from lunar dust by space stations, structures, spacesuits and special equipment. Conclusion. When assessing the impact of environmental factors on the safety of astronauts during the colonization of the Moon, attention should be paid to the toxicological aspects of working conditions, in particular the trace element composition of regoliths and lunar dust.

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Hailey, David. "Book Review:The economic aspects of biotechnologies related to human health. Part 1: Biotechnology and medical innovations: socio-economic assessments of the technology, the potential and the products by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, 1997. No. of pages: 265. OECD/GD(97)205." Health Economics 7, no. 6 (September 1998): 561–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1050(199809)7:6<561::aid-hec363>3.0.co;2-i.

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Gaidarova, Svetlana, Laura G. Corral, Emilia Gleizer, David Young, Helen Brady, Brydon Bennett, and Antonia Lopez-Girona. "Lenalidomide Enhances Anti-Tumor Effect of γδ T Cells against Mantle Cell Lymphoma." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 2616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.2616.2616.

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Abstract Introduction: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has had one of the poorest prognoses of all NHL subtypes, and is characterized by a relatively short duration of response, progression-free survival, and time-to-progression, with most patients relapsing. The immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide has shown promising activity in MCL and currently is being investigated further in the clinic for treatment of this tumor. In previous experiments, lenalidomide stimulated proliferation as well as activation of γδ T cells in vitro. Potential mechanisms of lenalidomide’s anti-tumor activity in MCL were investigated here. Methods: As γδ T lymphocytes mediate anti-tumor effects through antigen recognition and intracellular signaling, we assessed the effect of lenalidomide on tumor cell expression of co-stimulatory and antigen-presenting molecules, as well as other immune response molecules, using microarray analysis. We then assessed the impact of these tumor cell changes on tumor-cell recognition by γδ T lymphocytes. We treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors with vehicle or lenalidomide. We next purified γδ T cells from control or lenalidomide treated PBMCs and co-cultured them with MCL cells. Results: Lenalidomide upregulated the expression of several genes involved in the immune response, cell adhesion, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, cell cycle and apoptosis by at least 2-fold. In the immune response category, co-stimulatory and antigen-presenting molecules were strongly up regulated including CD86, CD40, CD58, and CD1c. The lenalidomide-induced up-regulation of CD1c was confirmed in MCL lines by quantitative RT-PCR as well as flow cytometry and was also observed in primary B-CLL cells and normal B cells treated with lenalidomide ex-vivo. CD1c, a member of the CD1 family of MHC-like molecules, is expressed mainly in professional antigen-presenting cells, such as B cells, and mediates the presentation of lipid antigens to γδ T cells. Lenalidomide strongly promoted expansion of the Vδ1 subpopulation of γδ T cells and enhanced production of interferon-g. Treatment of MCL cells and γδ T cells with lenalidomide induced changes in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton, re-localization of surface markers and enhanced the number of γδ T-MCL synapses. Furthermore, gd T cells, expanded in the presence of lenalidomide, had enhanced killing activity against MCL cells. Conclusion: Our studies show that lenalidomide might provide dual activity against MCL cells by inducing expression of CD1c in the tumor cells and by enhancing γδ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The therapeutic implications, as well as the prospects for novel biomarker development will be discussed further.

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Iqbal, Javeed, George W. Wright, Andreas Rosenwald, Randy D. Gascoyne, Dennis D. Weisenburger, Chao Wang, Timothy C. Greiner, et al. "Gene Expression Signatures That Delineate Biologic and Prognostic Subgroups in Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.679.679.

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Abstract Abstract 679 Background: Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) represents approximately 10–12% of all non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in the Western world, with a higher incidence in Asian populations. The World Health Organization classification recognizes a number of distinctive subtypes of PTCL including angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma of nasal type (ENKTCL), and many other rare entities that present mainly as extranodal PTCL. However, with current immunophenotypic and molecular markers, about 30–50% of PTCL cases are not classifiable and are categorized as PTCL-not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS). With the exception of ALK(+)ALCL, the PTCLs generally have a poor outcome and, thus a better understanding of the biology of these diseases is greatly needed to improve the long-term survival of these patients. Methods: In the current study, we performed gene expression profiling analysis on a large and well- characterized series of PTCL and ENKTCL cases (n=372) from the Lymphoma Leukemia Molecular Profiling Project (LLMPP), the International Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma Project (IPTCL) and other major institutions to define robust molecular classifiers, oncogenic pathways and prognosticators for the more common PTCL entities, as well as unique molecular and prognostic subgroups within PTCL-NOS. Molecular signatures for diagnosis and prognosis were generated in training data sets and validated in separate cohorts. Results: Robust molecular classifiers for AITL, two types of systemic ALCL (ALK(+) and ALK(-)), ATLL and ENKTCL were identified (Figure 1). These classifiers reflect the pathobiology of the tumor cells, as well as their microenvironment, and represent a refinement of what we reported previously (Iqbal et.al Blood, 2010; Iqbal et.al Leukemia. 2011). Importantly, ALK(-)ALCL can be differentiated from ALK(+)ALCL and PTCL-NOS with a unique gene expression signature. Approximately 14% of PTCL-NOS were re-classified as ALK(-)ALCL and showed expression of CD30 protein, TIA-1 or granzyme B by immunohistochemistry. ENKTCL can be separated molecularly into NK-cell lymphoma and gd-PTCL, the latter of which was also identified in 9% of PTCL-NOS. The remaining PTCL-NOS cases could be separated into two major subgroups related to T-cell differentiation and characterized by either high expression of GATA3 (30%) or TBX21(T-BET) (45%) and many of the corresponding target genes (Figure 2). Cases with high expression of GATA3 had poor overall survival and showed enriched Wnt and mTOR pathways, but no prominent microenvironment signature. The high TBX21 subgroup had a remarkably good outcome for patients with a high plasma cell-like gene expression signature, but poor overall survival when expressing a high cytotoxic signature (Figure 3). The molecular prognosticator for AITL largely reflected the role of the tumor microenvironment, with the presence of a high B-cell signature correlating with favorable outcome, whereas high dendritic cell/monocyte signatures were associated with inferior survival. Conclusion: We have organized the most comprehensive molecular profiling study of PTCL, and have not only refined the molecular diagnostic and prognostic signatures for the common subtypes of PTCL, but also segregated PTCL-NOS in meaningful biological and prognostic subtypes. Molecular diagnostic and prognostic signatures of PTCL frequently include components of the tumor-host interactions, highlighting the importance of the microenvironment in PTCL biology. This study provides an important framework for additional analysis to identify novel therapeutic targets to improve the outcome of patients with PTCL. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Arnold, Amanda, Ryan Zarzycki, and Mathew Failla. "DOES GEOGRAPHICAL REGION IMPACT PARENTS’ PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS YOUTH SPORT SPECIALIZATION?" Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 7_suppl3 (July 1, 2021): 2325967121S0009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00096.

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Background: Two billion U.S. healthcare dollars are spent on youth sports injuries each year. This staggering figure is projected to increase as athletes are sustaining more sport-related injuries and are specializing in a single sport at younger ages than ever before. Sport specialization is a modifiable injury risk factor unique to youth athlete populations. Parents are a group of key stakeholders whose knowledge and beliefs likely impact youth sport participation, however a paucity of research exists in this area. Purpose: To assess the differences in perceptions of parents on youth sport participation and specialization based on geographical region. Methods: Parents of children, ages 8-18 years, who participate in organized sports were surveyed for this study. Electronic surveys with a total of 40 questions were circulated via team/organization mailing lists and social media. Geographic regions were described as either South or North based on divisions from the U.S. Census Bureau. Sport specialization was defined as an athlete meeting >2 of the following 3 criteria: participates in one sport to the exclusion of other sports, participates in sport-specific lessons, participates on >2 teams in a single sport. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses were used to compare perceptions of parents with specialized and non-specialized athletes across different geographical regions. Results: Three-hundred and seventy-one responses were collected (South=204, North=167). Parents from the South reported a higher number of specialized athletes as compared to parents from the North (54% vs 38%; P=0.003). Regardless of geographical region, most parents did not think specialization had a positive impact on a youth athlete’s development ( P=0.307) or their future in that sport ( P=0.086) (Figures 1 & 2). Parents from the South did select ‘Potential to earn a college scholarship’ as a motivator for youth sport specialization more often when compared to parents from the North (30% vs 17%; P=0.002). Conclusion: Regional differences exist in the percentage of specialized youth athletes participating in organized sport. Parental knowledge of the risks and benefits of youth sport specialization does not appear to drive these observed differences. Earning a college scholarship was selected more frequently as a reason for specialization in the South, indicating that societal or socioeconomic factors may be present. Further research is needed to determine the underlying factors driving youth sport specialization in the U.S. Figures: [Figure: see text][Figure: see text] References: Bell DR PE, Trigsted SM, Hetzel S, McGuine TA and Brooks MA. Prevalence of Sport Specialization in High School Athletics: A 1-Year Observational Study. Am J Sports Med. 2016;44(6):1469-1474. Bell DR, Post EG, Trigsted SM, Schaefer DA, McGuine TA, Brooks MA. Parents’ Awareness and Perceptions of Sport Specialization and Injury Prevention Recommendations. Clin J Sport Med. 2018. Brooks MA, Post EG, Trigsted SM, et al. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs of Youth Club Athletes Toward Sport Specialization and Sport Participation. Orthop J Sports Med. 2018;6(5). Gregory S. How Kids’ Sports became a $15 Billion Industry. TIME. 2017;190(9). Jayanthi NA, LaBella CR, Fischer D, Pasulka J, Dugas LR. Sports-specialized intensive training and the risk of injury in young athletes: a clinical case-control study. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(4):794-801. LaPrade RF, Agel J, Baker J, et al. AOSSM Early Sport Specialization Consensus Statement. Orthop J Sports Med. 2016;4(4). Malina RM. Early sport specialization: roots, effectiveness, risks. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2010;9(6):364-371. McGuine TA, Post EG, Hetzel SJ, Brooks MA, Trigsted S, Bell DR. A Prospective Study on the Effect of Sport Specialization on Lower Extremity Injury Rates in High School Athletes. Am J Sports Med. 2017;45(12): 2706-2712. Myer GD, Jayanthi N, Difiori JP, et al. Sport Specialization, Part I: Does Early Sports Specialization Increase Negative Outcomes and Reduce the Opportunity for Success in Young Athletes? Sports Health.2015;7(5):437-442. Pasulka J, Jayanthi N, McCann A, Dugas LR, LaBella C. Specialization patterns across various youth sports and relationship to injury risk. Phys Sportsmed. 2017;45(3):344-352. Post EG, Trigsted SM, Riekena JW, et al. The Association of Sport Specialization and Training Volume With Injury History in Youth Athletes. Am J Sports Med. 2017;45(6):1405-1412. U.S. Census Bureau. Census Bureau Regions and Divisions with State FIPS Codes. https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/maps-data/maps/reference/us_regdiv.pdf . Accessed June 26, 2020.

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Ikegawa, Kazutaka, Kengo Miyara, Yuya Tachikawa, Stephen Matthew Lyth, Junko Matsuda, and Kazunari Sasaki. "Performance and Durability of Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell Air Electrodes Prepared By Various Conditions." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 47 (October 9, 2022): 1782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02471782mtgabs.

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Introduction Fuel electrode materials are important for achieving higher performance and durability of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell (SOEC), and Reversible Solid Oxide Cells (r-SOCs). On the other hand, the air electrode also faces performance and durability issues. For example, the diffusion of Sr ions from the air electrode materials has been reported.1, 2 In SOECs, if electrolysis can be performed at a thermoneutral potential balancing heat absorption by electrolysis and heat generation by the internal resistance of the electrolysis cell, hydrogen can be generated theoretically without heat supply. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the electrochemical performance and durability of the SOECs by conducting electrolysis performance tests of LSCF-based air electrodes with different preparation conditions, and electrolysis durability tests at the thermoneutral potential. Experimental Each test was conducted using a cell with a scandia-stabilized zirconia electrolyte (ScSZ, 200 µm thick) as a substrate. For the fuel electrode, Ni-GDC co-impregnated fuel electrode was used3. A mixture of Ni(NO3)2･6H2O, Gd(NO3)3･6H2O, and Ce(NO3)3･6H2O was impregnated into the porous LST-GDC framework, a mixture of LST powder (La0.1Sr0.9TiO3) and GDC powder (Gd0.9Ce0.1O₃). LSCF, (La0.6Sr0.4)(Co0.2Fe0.8)O3, was used for the air electrodes. GDC was inserted between the LSCF layer and the electrolyte plate as a buffer layer. In fabricating air electrodes, four types of air electrodes were applied, at shown in Table 1. For the electrochemical measurements of the air electrodes, Pt reference electrode was attached to the electrolyte on the fuel electrode side, and the voltage terminals of the electrochemical measurement system were connected between the reference electrode and the air electrode to measure air electrode voltage. In the performance tests, the voltage (potential) and impedance of the air electrode were measured at operating temperatures of 800°C, 750°C, and 700°C. In the durability tests, the air electrode was maintained at thermoneutral potentials at 800°C and 700°C (1.286 V and 1.283 V, respectively), and the voltage and impedance of the air electrodes were measured before and after the durability tests to evaluate the degradation of the air electrodes. Results and discussion Figure 1 shows the air electrode voltage obtained from the performance tests at each operating temperature for the four types of air electrodes shown in Table 1. First, regarding the dependence of the electrolysis performance on operating temperature, an increase in air electrode voltage (degradation of the air electrode) was found at 800°C.The increase in air electrode voltage with current density was almost linear, but at lower operating temperatures, the increase in air electrode voltage at lower current densities becomes larger. In other words, the I-V curve was rather ohmic at 800°C, but non-ohmic at 700°C. Figure 2 shows the results of an 80-hour durability test at different temperatures. The current density of the cell corresponding to the thermoneutral potential was -0.298 Acm-2 when operated at 800°C and -0.018 Acm-2 when operated at 700°C.The degradation rate was calculated from the difference in air electrode voltage before and after the performance and durability test at these current densities: 0.172% at 800°C and 0.792% at 700℃. The degradation rate increased as the operating temperature decreased in the SOEC mode, despite the low current density. Microstructural observation of the air electrode after the durability test showed that Sr diffused to the LSCF/GDC interface similar to SOFCs mode4, and that the diffusion of Sr was accelerated at 700°C. In addition, Co diffusion was also observed. Such diffusion may occur during LSCF firing process and/or during SOEC operation. More detailed investigation is in progress. Acknowledgements This research was supported in part by NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization). We thank all parties involved. References (1) V. Subotić, S. Futamura, G. F. Harrington, J. Matsuda, K. Natsukoshi, and K. Sasaki, J. Power Sources, 492, 229600 (2021). (2) S. P. Simner, M. D. Anderson, M. H. Engelhard, and J. W. Stevenson, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 9 A478 (2006). (3) K. Natsukoshi, K. Miyara, Y. Tachikawa, J. Matsuda, S. Taniguchi, G. F. Harrington, and K. Sasaki, ECS Trans., 03, 203 (2021). (4) S. Kanae, Y. Toyofuku, T. Kawabata, Y. Inoue, T. Daio, J. Matsuda, J,-T. Chou, Y. Shiratori, S. Taniguchi, and K. Sasaki, ECS Trans., 68, 2463 (2015). Figure 1

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A. Rahman, Aida, and Faizah Mohd Nor. "Impromptu Speech on Facts: Roles of Reading and Group Discussions as Pre-Tasks." LSP International Journal 2, no. 1 (December 28, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/lspi.v2n1.21.

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Many researchers agree that discussion on factual issues help to train the graduates to speak their ideas creatively and critically. Speaking on factual issues, nevertheless, is intricate especially when it is conducted in second language. Theories in Second Language Acquisition reveals that providing inputs from reading and group discussion may help the speakers improve their speaking skills. This study explains how reading and group discussion as pre-tasks facilitate the development of content and language for impromptu speech on facts. In this study, eighteen undergraduates were assigned to speak on facts in impromptu speeches. The eighteen students were divided into three groups; participated in three different pre-tasks: reading (R), group discussion (GD) and reading supplemented by group discussion (RSGD). The pretest and posttest speeches were assessed by two raters, recorded and transcribed. The speeches were analyzed qualitatively; focusing on the content (ideas and organizations) and language development (meaning potentials at word, clause, phrase and sentence levels). The analysis of the pre-test and post-test impromptu speeches’ transcriptions was congruent with the scores analysis. Overall findings indicated that respondents participated in group discussion (GD and RSGD) showed greater improvements; and all the pre-tasks contribute to the development of content more than the development on language. Though overall findings indicate that RSGD showed the greatest improvement, it was noteworthy that GD improved more in language aspect.

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B., Shibi, and P. S. Aithal. "Quality of Work Life of Employees in Nitta Gelatin India Limited with Special Reference to Kerala." International Journal of Case Studies in Business, IT, and Education, September 28, 2022, 292–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.47992/ijcsbe.2581.6942.0197.

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Background/Purpose Recently, the QWL has become more and more significant in organizations. This is basically a working environment for employees of the organization. It's a value-based process, improving the effectiveness of the organization and improving the quality of life of employees at work. QWL programs usually emphasize development of employee skills, reduce work-related stress in a more collaborative work-management relationship. Ultimately, with the organization, employees will also be benefited. Hypothesis-based qualitative research agenda and Testing has improved the conceptual model of working quality of life. The study here is to understand, to what extent the surveyed organization was able to meet the following requirements: To check whether there is a link between employees' quality of workplace life and employee satisfaction. Methodology: This study analyzes the contribution of the Quality of Work Life program to employee satisfaction, taking into account the top factors that contribute to QWL: management, compensation, career development, working conditions, and relationships with employee morale. Primary and secondary data were collected in support of the research objectives. Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire containing closed questions and a direct interview method. The questionnaire was distributed to the organization’s clerks, factory workers, and managers. Secondary data were compiled from company files, magazines, books, journals, and websites. The total number of employees in the registered office (RO), Gelatin department (GD), and Ossein department (OD) is 415. Of these, the sample size was 55, including both managers and employees. Finding: The QWL is very important in today's organizations. This is essentially related to the favorable or unfavorable nature of the work environment for the employees of the organization. This is a values-based process aimed at achieving the two goals of improving the effectiveness of the organization and improving the quality of life of employees in the workplace. QWL programs typically focus on developing employee skills, reducing work-related stress, and developing more collaborative work-management relationships. Ultimately, both the organization and its employees will benefit from it. This survey should help you understand how well your organization was able to meet employee requirements and see if there is a real relationship between quality of life and employee satisfaction. Originality: It conducts a quality of work survey at Nitta Gelatin India Limited, Kochi, Kerala This study aims to provide insights into the contribution of quality of life (QWL) towards employee satisfaction by studying the impact of factors like career development of employees, their working condition, their relationship with the management, benefits and compensation and morale of employees. Paper Type: Conclusive Research Design.

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Journal articles on the topic 'GD. Organizations'

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