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Zhang, Chen, Xiaodong Wang, Hongqiang Wang, Xueling Wu, and Jun Shen. "Ambient Pressure-Dried Graphene–Composite Carbon Aerogel for Capacitive Deionization." Processes 7, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7010029.
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Capacitive deionization (CDI) technology possessing excellent desalination performance and energy efficiency is currently being widely studied in seawater desalination. In this work, the graphene–composite carbon aerogels (GCCAs) easily prepared by an ambient pressure drying method served as electrodes to remove salt ions in aqueous solution by CDI. The microstructure of the obtained GCCAs was found to depend on the component content in the precursor solution, and could be controlled through varying the mass ratio of resorcinol and formaldehyde to graphene oxide (RF/GO). The surface characteristics and microstructure of GCCAs were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the electrochemical tests and CDI experiments of GCCA electrodes were conducted in NaCl solution. Thanks to the reasonable pore structure and highly conductive network, GCCA-150 achieved the best salt adsorption capacity of 26.9 mg/g and 18.9 mg/g in NaCl solutions with concentrations of 500 mg/L and 250 mg/L, respectively.
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Górecki, Tomasz, Mirosław Krzyśko, and Waldemar Wołyński. "Generalized canonical correlation analysis for functional data." Biometrical Letters 57, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bile-2020-0001.
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SummaryThere is a growing need to analyze data sets characterized by several sets of variables observed on the same set of individuals. Such complex data structures are known as multiblock (or multiple-set) data sets. Multi-block data sets are encountered in diverse fields including bioinformatics, chemometrics, food analysis, etc. Generalized Canonical Correlation Analysis (GCCA) is a very powerful method to study this kind of relationships between blocks. It can also be viewed as a method for the integration of information from K > 2 distinct sources (Takane and Oshima-Takane 2002). In this paper, GCCA is considered in the context of multivariate functional data. Such data are treated as realizations of multivariate random processes. GCCA is a technique that allows the joint analysis of several sets of data through dimensionality reduction. The central problem of GCCA is to construct a series of components aiming to maximize the association among the multiple variable sets. This method will be presented for multivariate functional data. Finally, a practical example will be discussed.
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Sana, Ayesha, Rashid Rasheed, Asma Rafique, Tooba Khaliq, Nazish Jabeen, and Ghulam Murtaza. "Gynaecological Cancer Diagnostics: 99mTc-Cisplatin Complex as a Future Approach for Early, Prompt and Efficient Diagnosis of Gynaecological Cancer." Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews 15, no. 7 (August 26, 2019): 611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573405614666180809123233.
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Background: ynaecological cancers (GCCa) are common and have a significant mortality rate all over the world. Early diagnosis of cancer can play a key role in the treatment and survival of a patient. Identification, staging, treatment, and monitoring of gynaecological malignancies is being done successfully by nuclear medicines. Discussion: Currently, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) centered imaging techniques are being developed for use in patients with GCCa as a diagnostic tool. The present work elucidates several clinical studies on the use of radiopharmaceuticals, based on their effectiveness, in the early detection and management of GCCa. It also highlights the importance of reconsidering the biology for nuclear imaging as a future modality for early, rapid and efficient diagnosis of gynecological cancers. This comprehensive review is a part of our study designed to detect gynaecological cancers at an early stage using radionuclide complex, 99m Tc-Cisplatin. Conclusion: This article summarizes the significance of radioscintigraphy such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and PET for identification of GCCa in the experimental humans and animals.
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Lv, Xuan Li. "An ICA and GM Model for the Innovation Ability Evolution." Advanced Materials Research 204-210 (February 2011): 1305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.204-210.1305.
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A three-stage architecture constructed by combining independent component analysis (ICA), gray correlation coefficient analysis (GCCA) and grey model GM(1, N) is proposed for evolution region innovation. In the first stage, ICA is used as feature extraction. In the second stage, GCCA is used as main factors select. In the third stage, GCCA is used to evolution innovation ability. The paper applies the ICA, grey relational analysis and grey non-linear regression analysis to study the factors affecting the ability of independent innovation in Chinese industrial enterprises from the empirical perspective. It is shown that the proposed method achieves is effective and feasible. And it provides a better estimate tool for the innovation activity. It also provides a novel way for the evolution design of the other engineering.
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Cretien, Aurore, Patricia Rince, Thierry Leblanc, Rolande Ducrocq, Alexis Proust, Isabelle Marie, Jean Delaunay, Mohandas Narla, Gil Tchernia, and Lydie Da Costa. "The First Homozygous RPS19 Mutation Identified in a Diamond-Blackfan Anemia Patient Is Not Deleterious." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 3548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.3548.3548.
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Abstract Mutations in ribosomal protein S19 (RPS19) gene have been found in 25% of patients affected with Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA). Two of the RPS19 mutations identified in DBA patients are located in the sequence upstream of the translational start site: a missense mutation g->t at −460 and a 4 bp insertion, gcca, 3 nt upstream of the 5′ end of the RPS19 promoter. All of the RPS19 mutations identified to date are expressed in the heterozygous state. In the present study, in a DBA patient from Ivory Coast we identified the gcca insertional mutation on both alleles. Diagnosis of DBA was made at the age of 3 months. No malformations were noted. The patient responded neither to steroid nor to IL-3 therapies. The patient was regularly transfused but without an effective iron chelation therapy. As a consequence DBA was complicated by a severe hemochromatosis with thyroid, parathyroid, and liver damage. The patient was enrolled into a metoclopramide protocol in our hospital when he was 12 year old. He had a partial response, with increased time intervals between transfusions. While analysis of the RPS19 gene did not identify a mutation in the coding sequence, the 4 bp insertion, gcca at nt − 631 was noted on both alleles. Mother was heterozygous for this mutation and strikingly the father was homozygous. Both parents are apparently healthy. In screening of 200 Caucasian control chromosomes and 100 chromosomes from Ivory Coast we did not identify the 4bp insertion, ruling out the possibility that it is a common polymorphism. A parental disomy was eliminated by a genescan microsatellite analysis using the microsatellites: D19S200, D19S197, and LIPE. To evaluate the effect of this mutation on erythroid differentiation, we isolated 30,000 CD34+ cells from peripheral blood of the patient and normal individuals. CD34+ cells were cultured for 7 days in methylcellulose with EPO, SCF, and IL-3. At day 7, erythroid colonies were isolated and cultured for additional 3 and 5 days in liquid medium. At D7, D10 and D12, aliquots of cells were collected and cloning efficiency and apoptosis was quantitated. RPS19 mRNA was assayed by quantitative RT-PCR and level of protein expression determined by Western blot analysis. The cloning efficiency of DBA erythroid progenitors was decreased by 2.6 fold compared to normal between D7 and D10 and by 3.5 fold between D10 and D12. No difference in apoptosis was noted between DBA and normal erythroid progenitors. Strikingly, during terminal erythroid differentiation, RPS19 mRNA and protein expression levels was similar in the DBA and normal erythroid cells. The presence of the homozygous mutation in the healthy father in conjunction with normal expression of RPS19 in the DBA erythroid cells imply that the gcca insertion at nt −631 is not deleterious and cannot by itself account for the DBA phenotype of our patient.
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Santos, Francisco J. dos, and André L. V. Coelho. "Eliciting Correlated Weights for Multi-Criteria Group Decision Making with Generalized Canonical Correlation Analysis." Symmetry 12, no. 10 (September 28, 2020): 1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12101612.
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The proper solution of a multi-criteria group decision making (MCGDM) problem usually involves a series of critical issues that are to be dealt with, among which two are noteworthy, namely how to assign weights to the (possibly distinct) judgment criteria used by the different decision makers (DMs) and how to reach a satisfactory level of agreement between their individual decisions. Here we present a novel methodology to address these issues in an integrated and robust way, referred to as the canonical multi-criteria group decision making (CMCGDM) approach. CMCGDM is based on a generalized version of canonical correlation analysis (GCCA), which is employed for simultaneously computing the criteria weights that are associated with all DMs. Because the elicited weights maximize the linear correlation between all criteria at once, it is expected that the consensus measured between the DMs takes place in a more natural way, not necessitating the creation and combination of separate rankings for the different groups of criteria. CMCGDM also makes use of an extended version of TOPSIS, a multi-criteria technique that considers the symmetry of the distances to the positive and negative ideal solutions. The practical usefulness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through two revisited examples that were taken from the literature as well as other simulated cases. The achieved results reveal that CMCGDM is indeed a promising approach, being more robust to the problem of ranking irregularities than the extended version of TOPSIS when applied without GCCA.
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Cirrincione, Giansalvo, Vincenzo Randazzo, and Eros Pasero. "The Growing Curvilinear Component Analysis (GCCA) neural network." Neural Networks 103 (July 2018): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2018.03.017.
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NIKKILÄ, JANNE, CHRISTOPHE ROOS, EERIKA SAVIA, and SAMUEL KASKI. "EXPLORATORY MODELING OF YEAST STRESS RESPONSE AND ITS REGULATION WITH gCCA AND ASSOCIATIVE CLUSTERING." International Journal of Neural Systems 15, no. 04 (August 2005): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065705000220.
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We model dependencies between m multivariate continuous-valued information sources by a combination of (i) a generalized canonical correlations analysis (gCCA) to reduce dimensionality while preserving dependencies in m - 1 of them, and (ii) summarizing dependencies with the remaining one by associative clustering. This new combination of methods avoids multiway associative clustering which would require a multiway contingency table and hence suffer from curse of dimensionality of the table. The method is applied to summarizing properties of yeast stress by searching for dependencies (commonalities) between expression of genes of baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in various stressful treatments, and summarizing stress regulation by finally adding data about transcription factor binding sites.
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Xu, Sheng, Zhi Juan Wang, and Hui Fang Zhao. "Patent Innovation Factors Evolution Based on P-SVM and GCCA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 39 (November 2010): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.39.247.
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A two-stage neural network architecture constructed by combining potential support vector machines (P-SVM) with genetic algorithm (GA) and gray correlation coefficient analysis (GCCA) is proposed for patent innovation factors evolution. The enterprises patent innovation is complex to conduct due to its nonlinearity of influenced factors. It is necessary to make a trade off among these factors when some of them conflict firstly. A novel way about nonlinear regression model with the potential support vector machines (P-SVM) is presented in this paper. In the model development, the genetic algorithm is employed to optimize P-SVM parameters selection. After the selected key factors by the PSVM with GA model, the main factors that affect patent innovation generation have been quantitatively studied using the method of gray correlation coefficient analysis. Using a set of real data in China, the results show that the methods developed in this paper can provide valuable information for patent innovation management and related municipal planning projects.
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Afshin-Pour, Babak, Seyed-Mohammad Shams, and Stephen Strother. "A Hybrid LDA+gCCA Model for fMRI Data Classification and Visualization." IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 34, no. 5 (May 2015): 1031–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2014.2374074.
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Lundmark, Maria, Lena Nilsson, Camilla J. Kørner, and Tom H. Nielsen. "Overexpression of the MYB-related transcription factor GCC7 in Arabidopsis thaliana leads to increased levels of Pi and changed P-dependent gene regulation." Functional Plant Biology 38, no. 2 (2011): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp10081.
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A proper concentration and turnover of inorganic phosphate (Pi) is essential to maintain cellular processes. Consequently, plants have mechanisms to control Pi homeostasis and to alleviate Pi limitation. The MYB-related transcription factor, PHR1, is important for gene induction during Pi starvation. PHR1 belongs to a family, characterised by the presence of a GARP- and a coiled coil domain. We propose that this family, with 15 members in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., be termed the GCC-family. In this study, transgenic plants overexpressing one member, GCC7, and a T-DNA knockout mutant, gcc7, are characterised. We find overexpressor plants to accumulate more Pi in shoots, irrespective of the Pi supply. Therefore, GCC7 was characterised in relation to Pi starvation. We conclude that GCC7 is not strictly required for a P-starvation response since the gcc7 mutant responds to Pi limitation. However, overexpression of GCC7 strongly interferes with the P-starvation response, abolishing induction of several P-responsive genes including AT4, IPS1 and several P-transporter genes, whereas GCC7 does not directly interfere with the PHR1 (GCC1) dependent regulation of miR399d. Thus GCC7 influences P-accumulation and P-dependent gene regulation, but GCC7 has a function entirely different from PHR1.
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Papaioannou, George P., Christos Dikaiakos, Christos Kaskouras, George Evangelidis, and Fotios Georgakis. "Granger Causality Network Methods for Analyzing Cross-Border Electricity Trading between Greece, Italy, and Bulgaria." Energies 13, no. 4 (February 18, 2020): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040900.
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Italy, Greece, and, to a lesser degree, Bulgaria have experienced fast growth in their renewable generation capacity (RESc) over the last several years. The consequences of this fact include a decrease in spot wholesale prices in electricity markets and a significant effect on cross border trading (CBT) among neighboring interconnected countries. In this work, we empirically analyzed historical data on fundamental market variables (i.e., spot prices, load, RES generation) as well as CBT data (imports, exports, commercial schedules, net transfer capacities, etc.) on the Greek, Italian, and Bulgarian electricity markets by applying the Granger causality connectivity analysis (GCCA) approach. The aim of this analysis was to detect all possible interactions among the abovementioned variables, focusing in particular on the effects of growing shares of RES generation on the commercial electricity trading among the abovementioned countries for the period 2015–2018. The key findings of this paper are summarized as the following: The RES generation in Italy, for the period examined, drives the spot prices in Greece via commercial schedules. In addition, on average, spot price fluctuations do not affect the commercial schedules of energy trading between Greece and Bulgaria.
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SILALAHI, DARWIN, I. GEDE PUTU WIRAWAN, and MADE SRITAMIN. "Transformasi Genetik Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) dengan Gen acvB Menggunakan Vektor Agrobacterium tumefaciens." Agrotrop : Journal on Agriculture Science 11, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ajoas.2021.v11.i01.p07.
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens Mediated Genetic Transformation of acvB Gene in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Genetic transformations are now routinely applied to plant mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens as the most convenient technique. This study aimed to prove the success of A. tumefaciens mediated genetic transformation in potato. A. tumefaciens LBA (pBI 121) and explant of potato shoot were used in this study. Explants were grown in vitro on Murashige and Skoog media. Transformation was implemented using smear technique by smearing A. tumefaciens to injured explant. Experimental groups consisted of two groups: control group which did not receive transformation treatment and treatment group receiving transformation treatment. Explant growth was observed through the presence of shoots, branches and the shoot height. Explants in the treatment group resulted in a higher number of shoots, branches, and shoot heights compared to control. Phenol compounds appear in explant epidermal tissue, indicating the wounds produced by A. tumefaciens infection, thus the gene predicted to be transformed. Identification by PCR is needed to prove the existence of the acvB gene in potato plants genome, using acvB specific PCR primer as the marker, such as (5?-CCCT CTAG AGAC CCGC GCCA AGGCG-3?) and (5?CGCG TCGA CCTT GTCG GAAAG -3?) with 540-bp in base pair size produced.
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Zheng, Tingyi, Yilin Zhang, and Yuhang Wang. "Dynamic guided metric representation learning for multi-view clustering." PeerJ Computer Science 8 (March 8, 2022): e922. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.922.
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Multi-view clustering (MVC) is a mainstream task that aims to divide objects into meaningful groups from different perspectives. The quality of data representation is the key issue in MVC. A comprehensive meaningful data representation should be with the discriminant characteristics in a single view and the correlation of multiple views. Considering this, a novel framework called Dynamic Guided Metric Representation Learning for Multi-View Clustering (DGMRL-MVC) is proposed in this paper, which can cluster multi-view data in a learned latent discriminated embedding space. Specifically, in the framework, the data representation can be enhanced by multi-steps. Firstly, the class separability is enforced with Fisher Discriminant Analysis (FDA) within each single view, while the consistence among different views is enhanced based on Hilbert-Schmidt independence criteria (HSIC). Then, the 1st enhanced representation is obtained. In the second step, a dynamic routing mechanism is introduced, in which the location or direction information is added to fulfil the expression. After that, a generalized canonical correlation analysis (GCCA) model is used to get the final ultimate common discriminated representation. The learned fusion representation can substantially improve multi-view clustering performance. Experiments validated the effectiveness of the proposed method for clustering tasks.
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Han, Rui, Xiaoyun Gong, Yuejie Zhu, Xiaoran Liu, Yan Xia, Yuhong Huang, Meng Zhang, Yunian Zhang, Xiaolin La, and Jianbing Ding. "Relationship of PD-1 (PDCD1) and PD-L1 (CD274) Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome." BioMed Research International 2021 (January 3, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9596358.
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This study is to investigate the relationship of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1; also known as PDCD1) and programmed death-1-ligand 1 (PD-L1; also known as CD274) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study enrolled 330 PCOS patients and 350 matched controls. ELISA was used to detect the PD-1 and PD-L1 levels in serum. SnaPshot genotyping was performed to analyze the PD-1 and PD-L1 genotyping. Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype of TagSNP loci of PD-1 and PD-L1 genes were also detected. The relationship of genotypes and alleles with PCOS was analyzed. The levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the serum of PCOS patients were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P < 0.01 ). The haplotype TT of PD-1 gene at rs10204525 and rs7421861 loci was significantly lower in the PCOS group than in the control group ( P < 0.001 , OR = 0.67 , and 95 % CI = 0.54 ‐ 0.84 ). PD-L1 gene SNP loci rs2282055, rs2890658, rs10125854, and rs702275 had linkage disequilibrium. The haplotypes TAAA, GAAC, GAGC, GCAA, and TCGA of PD-L1 gene SNP loci were significantly higher in PCOS patients than in the control group, whereas haplotypes GAAA, TAAC, TCAA, GCGA, GCAC, and TCGC of PD-L1 gene SNP loci were significantly lower in PCOS patients than in the control group. PD-1 and PD-L1 SNPs may be related to the pathogenesis of PCOS. PD-1 gene SNP loci rs10204525 and rs7421861 and PD-L1 gene SNP loci rs2282055, rs2890658, rs10125854, and rs702275 may be new candidate polymorphic loci for PCOS.
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Egea, Eduardo, Luis Fang, Alex Dominguez-Vargas, Sofia Moreno-Woo, Carlos Serrano, Elizabeth García, and Gloria Garavito De Egea. "Significant association between TaqI and FokI VDR gene polymorphisms and chronic spontaneous urticaria in a Colombian Caribbean population." Allergologia et Immunopathologia 50, SP2 (October 29, 2022): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/aei.v50isp2.696.
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Introduction: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is an inflammatory skin disease related to poor quality of life. Previous studies have found that vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D recep-tor (VDR) TaqI, BsmI, FokI, and ApaI gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) influence immune response and susceptibility to skin disorders. Aim: To explore the role of VDR SNPs, and the association of vitamin D serum levels in a sample of Colombian Caribbean CSU patients. Methods: It is a case-control study. A group of CSU patients (n = 100) was compared with healthy individuals as a control group (n = 100). VDR polymorphisms were genotyped by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Taqman® probes. Allelic, genotypic, and haplotype associations were estimated. Serum vitamin D levels were measured using enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay. Results: Compared to the control group, the presence of G allele in TaqI and A allele in FokI SNPs of VDR gene was found to be a risk factor for CSU (odds ratio (OR) estimated using logistic regression adjusted by gender: 2.08 and 1.61, respectively, all P values < 0.05). The individuals who carry GCCA haplotype showed decrease in vitamin D levels (11.34 ng/mL; P = 0.002) with the G allele of TaqI and A allele of FokI gene SNPs. Conclusion: We reported for the first time the association of TaqI [rs731236] and FokI [rs2228570] VDR gene SNPs showing as a risk factor for CSU in a sample of multiethnic patients from the Colombian Caribbean population.
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Yang, Xiao, Richao Wu, Dan Qi, Linlin Fu, Tian Song, Ying Wang, Yuehong Bian, and Yuhua Shi. "Profile of Bile Acid Metabolomics in the Follicular Fluid of PCOS Patients." Metabolites 11, no. 12 (December 6, 2021): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11120845.
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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex heterogeneous endocrine disease affected by genetic and environmental factors. In this manuscript, we aimed to describe the composition of bile acid metabolomics in the follicular fluid (FF) of PCOS. The FF was collected from 31 control patients and 35 PCOS patients diagnosed according to the Rotterdam diagnostic criteria. The Bile Acid Assay Kit and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) were used in this study to detect the total bile acid and 24 bile acid metabolites. Glycocholic acid (GC3A), taurocholic acid (TCA), glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), and chenodeoxycholic acid-3-β-d-glucuronide (CDCA-3Gln) were elevated in the PCOS group. GCDCA was positively correlated with the serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (r = 0.3787, p = 0.0017) and luteinizing hormone (LH) (r = 0.2670, p = 0.0302). The level of CDCA-3Gln also rose with the increase in antral follicle counts (AFC) (r = 0.3247, p = 0.0078). Compared with the control group, the primary bile acids (p = 0.0207) and conjugated bile acids (p = 0.0283) were elevated in PCOS. For the first time, our study described the changes in bile acid metabolomics in the FF of PCOS patients, suggesting that bile acids may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PCOS.
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Eryi, Sun, Li Zheng, Cai Honghua, Zhao Su, Xie Han, Pan Donggang, Zhou Zhou, Zhan Liping, and Chen Bo. "HOXC6 Regulates the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition through the TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway and Predicts a Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma." Journal of Oncology 2022 (May 5, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8016102.
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Background. The HOX gene family of transcription factors, characterized by conserved homeodomains, is positively correlated with the resistance to chemotherapy drugs and poor prognosis, as well as the initiating potential of gliomas. However, there are few studies regarding the HOXC6 gene in glioma cells. Therefore, in the present study, we explored the regulatory roles and detailed mechanisms underlying the relationship between HOXC6 and the progression of GBM. Methods. The expression levels and prognostic value of HOXC6 in GBM were evaluated using the data obtained from the GCCA, GEPIA, and ONCOMINE databases. The relationship between GBM prognosis and levels of HOXC6 was identified using Kaplan-Meier curves. The protein levels of HOXC6 in GBM and adjacent normal tissues were identified via Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining methods. Lentiviruses containing full-length HOXC6 and HOXC6 specific siRNA sequences were used to overexpress and knock down, respectively, the expression of HOXC6 in U87 and U251 cells. The role of HOXC6 in the regulation of migration and proliferation of GBM cells was accessed using Transwell, wound healing, CCK-8, and colony formation assays. The activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway was detected via Western blotting. Results. Compared to normal tissues and control cells, GBM tissues and cell lines showed higher expressions of HOXC6. The expression of HOXC6 was associated with disease-free and the overall survival of GBM patients. Additionally, positive correlations between the expression of HOXC6 and the migration and proliferation of GBM cells were observed in vitro. The mechanistic analyses indicated that HOXC6 exerts its promotive effect on the progression and invasion of glioma cells by promoting the activation of the EMT and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways. Conclusions. HOXC6 enhances the migration and proliferation of GBM by activating the EMT signaling pathway.
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Fedoroff, Oleg Yu, Miguel Salazar, and Brian R. Reid. "Structural Variation among Retroviral Primer−DNA Junctions: Solution Structure of the HIV-1 (−)-Strand Okazaki Fragment r(gcca)d(CTGC)·d(GCAGTGGC)†,‡." Biochemistry 35, no. 34 (January 1996): 11070–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi9607822.
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Madore, Eric, Richard S. A. Lipman, Ya-Ming Hou, and Jacques Lapointe. "Evidence for Unfolding of the Single-Stranded GCCA 3‘-End of a tRNA on Its Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase from a Stacked Helical to a Foldback Conformation†." Biochemistry 39, no. 23 (June 2000): 6791–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi992477x.
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Chang, Ching-Wen, Hsiao-Ching Chuang, Chenchou Yu, Tso-Pang Yao, and Hungwen Chen. "Stimulation of GCMa Transcriptional Activity by Cyclic AMP/Protein Kinase A Signaling Is Attributed to CBP-Mediated Acetylation of GCMa." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 19 (October 1, 2005): 8401–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.19.8401-8414.2005.
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ABSTRACT Human GCMa is a zinc-containing transcription factor primarily expressed in placenta. GCMa regulates expression of syncytin gene, which encodes for a placenta-specific membrane protein that mediates trophoblastic fusion and the formation of syncytiotrophoblast layer required for efficient fetal-maternal exchange of nutrients and oxygen. The adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin, stimulates syncytin gene expression and cell fusion in cultured placental cells. Here we present evidence that cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling pathway activates the syncytin gene expression by regulating GCMa activity. We found that forskolin and protein kinase A (PKA) enhances GCMa-mediated transcriptional activation. Furthermore, PKA treatment stimulates the association of GCMa with CBP and increases GCMa acetylation. CBP primarily acetylates GCMa at lysine367, lysine406, and lysine409 in the transactivation domain (TAD). We found that acetylation of these residues is required to protect GCMa from ubiquitination and increases the TAD stability with a concomitant increase in transcriptional activity, supporting the importance of acetylation in PKA-dependent GCMa activation. Our results reveal a novel regulation of GCMa activity by cAMP-dependent protein acetylation and provide a molecular mechanism by which cAMP signaling regulates trophoblastic fusion.
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Liang, Xue-Hai, Joshua G. Nichols, Cheryl Li De Hoyos, Hong Sun, Lingdi Zhang, and Stanley T. Crooke. "Golgi-58K can re-localize to late endosomes upon cellular uptake of PS-ASOs and facilitates endosomal release of ASOs." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. 14 (July 9, 2021): 8277–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab599.
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Abstract Phosphorothioate (PS) modified antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) drugs can trigger RNase H1 cleavage of cellular target RNAs to modulate gene expression. Internalized PS-ASOs must be released from membraned endosomal organelles, a rate limiting step that is not well understood. Recently we found that M6PR transport between Golgi and late endosomes facilitates productive release of PS-ASOs, raising the possibility that Golgi-mediated transport may play important roles in PS-ASO activity. Here we further evaluated the involvement of Golgi in PS-ASO activity by examining additional Golgi proteins. Reduction of certain Golgi proteins, including Golgi-58K, GCC1 and TGN46, decreased PS-ASO activity, without substantial effects on Golgi integrity. Upon PS-ASO cellular uptake, Golgi-58K was recruited to late endosomes where it colocalized with PS-ASOs. Reduction of Golgi-58K caused slower PS-ASO release from late endosomes, decreased GCC2 late endosome relocalization, and led to slower retrograde transport of M6PR from late endosomes to trans-Golgi. Late endosome relocalization of Golgi-58K requires Hsc70, and is most likely mediated by PS-ASO–protein interactions. Together, these results suggest a novel function of Golgi-58K in mediating Golgi-endosome transport and indicate that the Golgi apparatus plays an important role in endosomal release of PS-ASO, ensuring antisense activity.
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Alserai, Sahar Jabbar, Wissam Kadhim Alsaraj, and Zina Waleed Abass. "Effect of Iron Filings on the Mechanical Properties of Different Types of Sustainable Concrete." Open Civil Engineering Journal 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 441–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187414950181201044.
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Introduction:One of Iraq’s major environmental problems is a large amount of residual iron produced by the industrial sector, which is stored in domestic waste and landfills. The reuse of construction waste gives two aims, the first is to remove large quantities of pollution resulted from these waste, the second provides cheap resources for concrete aggregates.Methods:This study conducted a series of experiments and tests to test the feasibility of reusing this iron slag and recycled concrete aggregate in concrete mixtures. Different percentages of iron filings were used in the concrete mixture at 0, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1%. Tests are done to evaluate the quality of cast iron concrete which include compressive strength (fcu), flexural strength (fr), indirect tensile strength (ft), SEM and modulus of elasticity (Ec) for four sustainable concretes.Results and Conclusion:The results show that the iron filings amount is increased to 1.0% which resulted in increasing percentage of compressive strength (fcu), flexural strength (fr), indirect tensile strength (ft), SEM and modulus of elasticity (Ec) with 10%, 32%, 42% and 11% for Geopolymer Concrete with Recycled Aggregate (GCRA), 9%, 52%,31% and 17% for geopolymer concrete with natural aggregate (GCNA), 10%, 19%,26% and 12% for Normal Concrete with Natural Aggregate (NCNA) and 23%, 19%, 67% and 14% for Normal Concrete with Recycled Aggregate (NCRA), respectively.
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Yan, Yong-Feng, Puji Lestari, Kyu-Jong Lee, Moon Young Kim, Suk-Ha Lee, and Byun-Woo Lee. "Identification of quantitative trait loci for cadmium accumulation and distribution in rice (Oryza sativa)." Genome 56, no. 4 (April 2013): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2012-0106.
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Cadmium (Cd) poses a serious risk to human health due to its biological concentration through the food chain. To date, information on genetic and molecular mechanisms of Cd accumulation and distribution in rice remains to be elucidated. We developed an independent F7 RIL population derived from a cross between two japonica cultivars with contrasting Cd levels, ‘Suwon490’ and ‘SNU-SG1’, for QTLs identification of Cd accumulation and distribution. ‘Suwon490’ accumulated five times higher Cd in grain than ‘SNU-SG1’. Large genotypic variations in Cd accumulation (17-fold) and concentration (12-fold) in grain were found among RILs. Significant positive correlations between Cd accumulation in grain with shoot Cd accumulation and shoot to grain distribution ratio of Cd signify that both shoot Cd accumulation and shoot to grain Cd distribution regulate Cd accumulation in japonica rice grain. A total of five main effect QTLs (scc10 for shoot Cd accumulation; gcc3, gcc9, gcc11 for grain Cd accumulation; and sgr5 for shoot to grain distribution ratio) were detected in chromosomes 10, 3, 9, 11, and 5, respectively. Of these, the novel potential QTL sgr5 has the strongest effect on shoot to grain Cd distribution. In addition, two digenic epistatic interaction QTLs were identified, suggesting the substantial contribution of nonallelic genes in genetic control of these Cd-related traits.
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Wang, Long-jiao, Guo-ping Zhao, Xi-fan Wang, Xiao-xue Liu, Yi-xuan Li, Li-li Qiu, Xiao-yu Wang, and Fa-zheng Ren. "Glycochenodeoxycholate Affects Iron Homeostasis via Up-Regulating Hepcidin Expression." Nutrients 14, no. 15 (August 2, 2022): 3176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14153176.
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Increasing hepcidin expression is a vital factor in iron homeostasis imbalance among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent studies have elucidated that abnormal serum steroid levels might cause the elevation of hepcidin. Glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDCA), a steroid, is significantly elevated in patients with CKD. However, the correlation between GCDCA and hepcidin has not been elucidated. Decreased serum iron levels and increased hepcidin levels were both detected in patients with CKD in this study. Additionally, the concentrations of GCDCA in nephropathy patients were found to be higher than those in healthy subjects. HepG2 cells were used to investigate the effect of GCDCA on hepcidin in vitro. The results showed that hepcidin expression increased by nearly two-fold against control under 200 μM GCDCA treatment. The phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/8 increased remarkably, while STAT3 and CREBH remained unchanged. GCDCA triggered the expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), followed with the transcription and expression of both BMP6 and ALK3 (upward regulators of SMAD1/5/8). Thus, GCDCA is a potential regulator for hepcidin, which possibly acts by triggering FXR and the BMP6/ALK3-SMAD signaling pathway. Furthermore, 40 C57/BL6 mice were treated with 100 mg/kg/d, 200 mg/kg/d, and 300 mg/kg/d GCDCA to investigate its effect on hepcidin in vivo. The serum level of hepcidin increased in mice treated with 200 mg/kg/d and 300 mg/kg/d GCDCA, while hemoglobin and serum iron levels decreased. Similarly, the FXR-mediated SMAD signaling pathway was also responsible for activating hepcidin in liver. Overall, it was concluded that GCDCA could induce the expression of hepcidin and reduce serum iron level, in which FXR activation-related SMAD signaling was the main target for GCDCA. Thus, abnormal GCDCA level indicates a potential risk of iron homeostasis imbalance.
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Desai, Amit P., Mehdi Razeghin, Oscar Meruvia-Pastor, and Lourdes Peña-Castillo. "GeNET: a web application to explore and share Gene Co-expression Network Analysis data." PeerJ 5 (August 14, 2017): e3678. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3678.
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Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (GCNA) is a popular approach to analyze a collection of gene expression profiles. GCNA yields an assignment of genes to gene co-expression modules, a list of gene sets statistically over-represented in these modules, and a gene-to-gene network. There are several computer programs for gene-to-gene network visualization, but these programs have limitations in terms of integrating all the data generated by a GCNA and making these data available online. To facilitate sharing and study of GCNA data, we developed GeNET. For researchers interested in sharing their GCNA data, GeNET provides a convenient interface to upload their data and automatically make it accessible to the public through an online server. For researchers interested in exploring GCNA data published by others, GeNET provides an intuitive online tool to interactively explore GCNA data by genes, gene sets or modules. In addition, GeNET allows users to download all or part of the published data for further computational analysis. To demonstrate the applicability of GeNET, we imported three published GCNA datasets, the largest of which consists of roughly 17,000 genes and 200 conditions. GeNET is available at bengi.cs.mun.ca/genet.
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Lin, Chenchen, Meiyao Lin, and Hungwen Chen. "Biochemical characterization of the human placental transcription factor GCMa/1." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 83, no. 2 (April 1, 2005): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o05-026.
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Glial cells missing (GCM) proteins are a novel family of zinc-containing transcription factors. Human GCMa/1 is primarily expressed in placental trophoblast cells and regulates SYNCYTIN gene expression, which mediates fusion of cytotrophoblasts to form the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the human placenta. To biochemically characterize the transcriptional activity of GCMa/1, we set up an in vitro transcription system for human GCMa/1 (hGCMa/1). Using G-free reporter constructs carrying multiple copies of wild-type or mutant GCMa-binding site (GBS) in front of a synthetic TATA box, we observed specific transcriptional activities of recombinant hGCMa/1 proteins prepared from a baculovirus – insect cell or Escherichia coli expression system. We further characterized GCMa/1-mediated tran scriptional activation on the native syncytin promoter. Using G-free reporter constructs containing the native syncytin promoter, a TATA box downstream of the proximal GBS in the syncytin promoter was shown to be essential for the transcription activation directed by hGCMa/1. Therefore, our results demonstrate positive transcriptional activities of GCMa/1 in vitro and provide a better understanding of GCMa/1-mediated SYNCYTIN gene expression.Key words: syncytin, transcription factor, GCMa/1, placenta.
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Odeyemi, S. O., M. A. Anifowose, R. Abdulwahab, and W. O. Oduoye. "Mechanical Properties of High-Performance Concrete with Guinea Corn Husk Ash as Additive." LAUTECH Journal of Civil and Environmental Studies 5, no. 1 (September 27, 2020): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/laujoces/0202/50(0131).
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Consideration on High Performance Concrete (HPC) has risen drastically because of the requirement for application of concrete volume with high strengths for construction work. In this study, the mechanical properties of HPC with Guinea Corn Husk Ash (GCHA) as supplement of cement was investigated. The proportioning of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) with GCHA is from 0 - 20%. Design of the concrete mix was done to achieve a characteristic strength of 50 N/mm². The chemical composition of the GCHA was determined using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Slump and compacting factor of fresh HPC were determined. Concrete cubes (for compressive strength), beams (for flexural strength) and cylinder (for split tensile strength) samples were cast and cured in water for 7 - 56 days. Density, compressive, flexural, and split tensile strengths were determined on the hardened HPC and were further examined using SEM analysis. Compressive strength at 56 days showed that control and inclusion of 5% GCHA gave strength 56.85 N/mm2 and 57.76 N/mm2, respectively above the designed target strength of 56.56 N/mm2 while inclusion of 10% GCHA met characteristics strength of 50 N/mm2. However, 5% GCHA-concrete had the highest flexural and split tensile strengths at 56 days of curing. Integration of 10% GCHA as replacement of OPC would produce concrete of higher strengths compared to conventional HPC at longer curing age. Based on the SEM results, uniform distribution of filler was obtained at 10% GCHA inclusion. At higher percentage of GCHA, resulting composite presents multiple and distinct grains with possible weak interfaces.
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Lyu, Chuqiao, Shuxiang Guo, Wei Zhou, Yonggan Yan, Chenguang Yang, Yue Wang, and Fanxu Meng. "A Deep-Learning-Based Guidewire Compliant Control Method for the Endovascular Surgery Robot." Micromachines 13, no. 12 (December 16, 2022): 2237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13122237.
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Endovascular surgery is a high-risk operation with limited vision and intractable guidewires. At present, endovascular surgery robot (ESR) systems based on force feedback liberates surgeons’ operation skills, but it lacks the ability to combine force perception with vision. In this study, a deep learning-based guidewire-compliant control method (GCCM) is proposed, which guides the robot to avoid surgical risks and improve the efficiency of guidewire operation. First, a deep learning-based model called GCCM-net is built to identify whether the guidewire tip collides with the vascular wall in real time. The experimental results in a vascular phantom show that the best accuracy of GCCM-net is 94.86 ± 0.31%. Second, a real-time operational risk classification method named GCCM-strategy is proposed. When the surgical risks occur, the GCCM-strategy uses the result of GCCM-net as damping and decreases the robot’s running speed through virtual resistance. Compared with force sensors, the robot with GCCM-strategy can alleviate the problem of force position asynchrony caused by the long and soft guidewires in real-time. Experiments run by five guidewire operators show that the GCCM-strategy can reduce the average operating force by 44.0% and shorten the average operating time by 24.6%; therefore the combination of vision and force based on deep learning plays a positive role in improving the operation efficiency in ESR.
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Bulboacă, Adriana Elena, Alina Porfire, Sorana D. Bolboacă, Cristina Ariadna Nicula, Dana Gabriela Feștilă, Alexandra Roman, Ruxandra Mioara Râjnoveanu, et al. "Protective Effects of Liposomal Curcumin on Oxidative Stress/Antioxidant Imbalance, Metalloproteinases 2 and -9, Histological Changes and Renal Function in Experimental Nephrotoxicity Induced by Gentamicin." Antioxidants 10, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020325.
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Background: Our study aimed to assess the efficiency of Curcumin nanoformulation (LCC) on experimental nephrotoxicity induced by Gentamicin in rats. Methods: Six groups of seven rats were used: C—(control group) received saline solution i.p. (i.p. = intraperitoneal), G—gentamicin (G, 80 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)), GCC1 and GCC2—with G and CC solution (single dose of 10 mg/kg b.w.-CC1, or 20 mg/kg b.w.-CC2), GLCC1 (10 mg/kg b.w.) and GLCC2 (20 mg/kg b.w.) with G and LCC administration. Oxidative stress parameters (NOx = nitric oxide, MDA = malondialdehyde, TOS = total oxidative stress), antioxidant parameters (CAT = catalase, TAC = total antioxidant capacity), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), and renal function parameters (creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urea) were measured. Kidneys histopathologic examination was made for each group. Results: Pretreatment with CC and LCC in both doses had significantly alleviating effects on assessed parameters (NOx, MDA, TOS, CAT, TAC, MMP-2, and -9) as compared with the untreated group (p < 0.006). Histopathological aspect and renal function were significantly improved in CC and LCC groups. Liposomal formulation (LCC) showed higher efficiency on all examined parameters compared to CC (p < 0.006). Conclusions: Our results demonstrated improving renal function and kidney cytoarchitecture, oxidative stress/antioxidant/balance, and MMPs plasma concentrations with better dose-related efficacity of LCC than CC.
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Posselt, R., and U. Lohmann. "Influence of Giant CCN on warm rain processes in the ECHAM5 GCM." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 5 (October 16, 2007): 14767–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-14767-2007.
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Abstract. Increased Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) load due to anthropogenic activity might lead to non-precipitating clouds because the cloud drops become smaller (for a constant liquid water content) and, therefore, less efficient in rain formation (aerosol indirect effect). Adding giant CCN (GCCN) into such a cloud can initiate precipitation (namely, drizzle) and, therefore, might counteract the aerosol indirect effect. The effect of GCCN on global climate, especially on clouds and precipitation, within a General Circulation Model (GCM) is investigated. GCCN are aerosol particles larger than 5–10 μm in radius that can act as cloud condensation nuclei. One prominent GCCN species is sea salt. Sea salt concentrations depend mainly on wind speed but also on relative humidity, stability and precipitation history. Natural variability is much larger than the simulated one because sea salt emissions within ECHAM5 are a function of wind speed only. Giant sea salt concentrations in ECHAM5 are determined by using the tail of the coarse mode aerosol distribution with cutoff radii of 5 μm or 10 μm. It is assumed that activated GCCN particles directly form rain drops (of 25 μm size). Thereby, the added rain water mass and number stems from the redistribution of the condensed water into cloud and rain water according to the number of activated GCCN. As the formed precipitation is most likely drizzle with rather small drops a prognostic rain scheme is applied to account for the lower fall speeds and, therefore, slower sedimentation of the drizzle drops. The ECHAM5 simulations with incorporated GCCN show that precipitation is affected only locally. Cloud properties like liquid water and cloud drop number show a larger sensitivity to GCCN. On the one hand, the increased rain water mass causes an increase in the accretion rate and, therefore, in the rain production. On the other hand, very high GCCN concentrations can lead to an artificially exaggerated transfer of cloud water to the rain class which then results in a strong decrease of the conversion rate and the rain production. The introduction of the GCCN reduces the anthropogenic increase of liquid water in the atmosphere from pre-industrial to present day because clouds are precipitating faster in the presence of the GCCN. Hence, the accumulation of liquid water in the atmosphere is reduced. According to those changes in the cloud properties, the radiative budget is also changing. The GCCN cause a reduction of the anthropogenic aerosol indirect effect of about 0.1–0.25 W m−2 which corresponds to 5–10% of the total effect. Thus, the GCCN in ECHAM5 partly offset the anthropogenic aerosol indirect effect.
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Aapro, Matti S., Marika Chrápavá, Razvan-Ovidiu D. Curca, Laurentia Gales, Alexandru Calim Grigorescu, Bára Karlínová, Renata Kellnerová, et al. "Assessing the impact of antiemetic guideline compliance on prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV): Results of the Nausea/Emesis Registry in Oncology (NERO)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 12083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.12083.
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12083 Background: Evidence-based antiemetic guidelines offer predominantly consistent recommendations for CINV prophylaxis. However, studies and surveys suggest that adherence to these recommendations is suboptimal. We explored potential inconsistencies between clinical practice and guideline-recommended treatment with a registry evaluating the effect of guideline-consistent CINV prophylaxis (GCCP) on patient outcomes. Methods: This was a prospective, non-interventional, observational, multicenter study designed to assess overall (0-120 h) complete response (CR: no emesis/no rescue use) rates in patients who received GCCP or guideline inconsistent CINV prophylaxis (GICP) using diaries for 5 days following chemotherapy. Cycle 1 results are presented in patients who received either 1) anthracycline/cyclosphosphamide (AC) highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC), non-AC HEC or carboplatin, with GCCP for all these groups consisting of prophylaxis with an NK1 receptor antagonist (RA), 5-HT3RA, and dexamethasone (DEX) prior to chemotherapy or 2) moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC), with GCCP consisting of a 5-HT3RA and DEX prior to chemotherapy as per MASCC 2016 guidelines. CR rates for cohorts deemed to be GCCP and GICP were compared using a chi-square test. Results: A total of 1,089 patients were part of the cycle 1 efficacy evaluation. Overall GCCP was 23% for all patients. CR rates were significantly higher in patients receiving GCCP versus GICP (Table). Conclusions: Consistent with prior studies, GCCP was very low. The primary endpoint of the study was achieved as there was a significant benefit of almost 10% improved prevention of CINV when administering GCCP. As per MASCC/ESMO guidelines such an absolute difference should be practice changing. Comprehensive multifaceted strategies are needed to achieve better adherence to antiemetic guidelines. [Table: see text]
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Mechem, David B., and Yefim L. Kogan. "A Bulk Parameterization of Giant CCN." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 65, no. 7 (July 1, 2008): 2458–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jas2502.1.
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Abstract A parameterization for giant cloud condensation nuclei (GCCN), suitable for use in bulk microphysical models, has been developed that uses precise representations of the condensational growth of aerosol particles in the subcloud layer. The formulation employs an observationally based GCCN distribution function and directly observable parameters of GCCN, such as concentration and the shape of the aerosol spectra. The parameterization couples naturally to parameterizations of sea salt flux from the ocean surface. The behavior of the GCCN parameterization in a large eddy simulation (LES) framework is consistent with simulations employing explicit, size-resolving microphysical methods. The parameterization properly represents the sensitivity of cloud, drizzle, turbulence, and radiative properties to changes in GCCN concentration for polluted and clean background CCN environments.
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Choi, Byeong Hyeon, Yu Hua Quan, Jiyun Rho, Kyungsu Kim, Jun Hee Lee, Yeonho Choi, Yong Park, Ji-Ho Park, Sunghoi Hong, and Hyun Koo Kim. "Abstract LB517: Exosome enriched GCC2 in tumor draining pulmonary blood plasma as a clinically informative biomarker in patients with surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): LB517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-lb517.
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Abstract Background: Early diagnosis is associated with a better prognosis, and improved survival rates for lung cancer patients. Exosomes of liquid biopsy is rapidly introduced in clinical practice, providing possibilities to offer accurate information. We previously reported that tumor draining pulmonary vein blood (TDVP) derived exosomes were increased than the periphery, and GRIP and coiled-coil domain containing 2 (GCC2) in exosomes act as potential lung adenocarcinoma biomarkers. The purpose of this study to evaluate the diagnostic value of exosome enriched GCC2 in peripheral blood and TDPV in patients with lung cancer who underwent surgery. Methods: The utilization of exosome GCC2 in the TDPV of lung cancer for clinically informative diagnosis was investigated using rabbit lung cancer model, healthy control rabbits, patients with surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma, and healthy controls. Exosome GCC2 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to calculate the diagnostic efficiency of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), exosome CD63, plasma GCC2, and exosome GCC2. Results: In the rabbit lung cancer model, the expression of exosome GCC2 from the TDPV significantly increased compared with that in the periphery, as determined by western blotting. Of the 70 patients included in the study, and the mean age of all patients was 65.8 ± 9.0 years. The AUC values of CEA according to the blood sampling sites were not significant (all p > 0.05). By contrast, the AUC values of CD63 were 80.0% for TDPV (p < 0.0001) and 55.0% for the periphery (p = 0.42), respectively. The AUC values of plasma GCC2 in the periphery and TDPV were 68.0% (p > 0.05) and 74.0% (p < 0.0001), respectively. Importantly, the diagnostic accuracy values of exosome GCC2 in the periphery and TDPV were 81.0% (p < 0.0001) and 90.0% (p < 0.0001), respectively. The increasing trend of exosome GCC2 in the TDPV had a significantly higher correlation with pathological stages than that of the periphery (periphery, p < 0.05; TDPV, p < 0.0001). Moreover, exosome GCC2 in the TDPV was associated with pathological stage (p < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (p < 0.01), and lymphatic invasion (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Exosome enriched GCC2 in the TDPV was significantly correlated with pathological stages and accurate AUL value than that in the periphery. Exosome GCC2 in TDPV may be a promising and clinically informative biomarker for patients with lung cancer who have undergone surgery. Citation Format: Byeong Hyeon Choi, Yu Hua Quan, Jiyun Rho, Kyungsu Kim, Jun Hee Lee, Yeonho Choi, Yong Park, Ji-Ho Park, Sunghoi Hong, Hyun Koo Kim. Exosome enriched GCC2 in tumor draining pulmonary blood plasma as a clinically informative biomarker in patients with surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr LB517.
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Yu, Chenchou, Kuofeng Shen, Meiyao Lin, Porchun Chen, Chenchen Lin, Geen-Dong Chang, and Hungwen Chen. "GCMa Regulates the Syncytin-mediated Trophoblastic Fusion." Journal of Biological Chemistry 277, no. 51 (October 22, 2002): 50062–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m209316200.
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The human placental trophoblast cell can be classified as either a cytotrophoblast or a syncytiotrophoblast. Cytotrophoblasts can function as stem cells for the development of the syncytiotrophoblast layer via cell fusion. Anenvelopegene of the human endogenous retrovirus family W (HERV-W) calledsyncytinis specifically expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast layer. Syncytin is a fusogenic membrane protein; therefore, it can mediate the fusion of cytotrophoblasts into the syncytiotrophoblast layer, which is essential for pregnancy maintenance. GCMa is a placenta-specific transcription factor and is required for placental development. To study the placenta-specific fusion mediated by syncytin, we tested whether GCMa is involved in this process by regulatingsyncytingene expression. In this report, we demonstrate that GCMa was able to regulatesyncytingene expression via two GCMa-binding sites upstream of the 5′-long terminal repeat of thesyncytin-harboring HERV-W family member in BeWo and JEG3 cells but not in HeLa cells. Furthermore, adenovirus-directed expression of GCMa enhancedsyncytingene expression and syncytin-mediated cell fusion in BeWo and JEG3 cells but not in HeLa cells. Therefore, the integration site of thesyncytin-harboring HERV-W family member in the human genome is close to the functional GCMa-binding sites by which GCMa can specifically transactivatesyncytingene expression in trophoblast cells. Our results may help to explain the mechanism underlying the cell fusion event specific for syncytiotrophoblast formation.
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Xing, Shenghui, Wenjia Zheng, Fang An, Leqi Huang, Xinwei Yang, Shuang Zeng, Ningning Li, Khadidja Ouenzar, Liangliang Yu, and Li Luo. "Transcription Regulation of Cell Cycle Regulatory Genes Mediated by NtrX to Affect Sinorhizobium meliloti Cell Division." Genes 13, no. 6 (June 15, 2022): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13061066.
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The cell division of the alfalfa symbiont, Sinorhizobium meliloti, is dictated by a cell cycle regulatory pathway containing the key transcription factors CtrA, GcrA, and DnaA. In this study, we found that NtrX, one of the regulators of nitrogen metabolism, can directly regulate the expression of ctrA, gcrA, and dnaA from the cell cycle pathway. Three sets of S. meliloti ntrX mutants showed similar cell division defects, such as slow growth, abnormal morphology of some cells, and delayed DNA synthesis. Transcription of ctrA and gcrA was upregulated, whereas the transcription of dnaA and ftsZ1 was downregulated in the insertion mutant and the strain of Sm1021 expressing ntrXD53E. Correspondingly, the inducible transcription of ntrX activates the expression of dnaA and ftsZ1, but represses ctrA and gcrA in the depletion strain. The expression levels of CtrA and GcrA were confirmed by Western blotting. The transcription regulation of these genes requires phosphorylation of the conserved 53rd aspartate in the NtrX protein that binds directly to the promoter regions of ctrA, gcrA, dnaA, and ftsZ1 by recognizing the characteristic sequence CAAN2-5TTG. Our findings suggest that NtrX affects S. meliloti cell division by regulating the transcription of the key cell cycle regulatory genes.
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Yates, Stephanie R., and Lary B. Cowart. "The Impact of Shuttered Golf Courses on Property Values." Journal of Sustainable Real Estate 11, no. 1 (January 2019): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22300/1949-8276.11.1.2.
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We measure the impact of a golf course as a residential amenity on surrounding home values in several communities in Shelby County, Alabama. We compare the values of homes in golf course communities (GCCs) and non-golf course communities, as well as the values of homes within these communities before and after the golf course closes. Using a methodology similar to Bond, Seiler, and Seiler (2002), we examine the sales prices of homes within GCCs both before and after a golf course closure to see how the closure affects the sales prices of homes and test for the significance of that difference. We calculate the difference in value for homes in GCCs before and after the golf course is closed and test for the significance of that difference. We estimate the degree to which specific factors explain the variance in home prices in these communities before and after the golf course closed. We find that homes in GCCs sell at a 9% premium compared to homes in non-GCCs. We also find that home prices in GCCs decrease by 17% after the related golf course closes; home prices for properties adjacent to a golf course diminish as well.
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Chen, Hongmei, Wei Ouyang, Christopher Martoni, and Satya Prakash. "Genipin Cross-Linked Polymeric Alginate-Chitosan Microcapsules for Oral Delivery: In-Vitro Analysis." International Journal of Polymer Science 2009 (2009): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/617184.
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We have previously reported the preparation of the genipin cross-linked alginate-chitosan (GCAC) microcapsules composed of an alginate core with a genipin cross-linked chitosan membrane. This paper is the further investigation on their structural and physical characteristics. Results showed that the GCAC microcapsules had a smooth and dense surface and a networked interior. Cross-linking by genipin substantially reduced swelling and physical disintegration of microcapsules induced by nongelling ions and calcium sequestrants. Strong resistance to mechanical shear forces and enzymatic degradation was observed. Furthermore, the GCAC membranes were permeable to bovine serum albumin and maintained a molecular weight cutoff at 70 KD, analogous to the widely studied alginate-chitosan, and alginate-poly-L-lysine-alginate microcapsules. The release features and the tolerance of the GCAC microcapsules in the stimulated gastrointestinal environment were also investigated. This GCAC microcapsule formulation offers significant potential as a delivery vehicle for many biomedical applications.
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Suzuki, Keito, Naoyuki Kimura, Akira Sezai, Satoshi Unosawa, Makoto Taoka, Shunji Osaka, and Masashi Tanaka. "Successful Surgical Treatment of Giant Coronary Artery Aneurysm and Concomitant Coronary Artery Fistula to the Pulmonary Artery." Heart Surgery Forum 21, no. 4 (June 14, 2018): E247—E249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1532/hsf.2021.
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Giant coronary artery aneurysm (GCAA) combined with coronary artery fistula to the pulmonary artery (PA) is rare. A 79-year-old man was accidentally discovered with GCAA. He was operated on by use of aneurysmorrhaphy, and closure of the fistulae was performed. Because ischemic changes appeared, coronary artery bypass grafting was done. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 14. We report here a case of GCAA with a size of 66 × 52 mm in diameter associated with a fistula formation into the PA. It is one of the largest sizes of GCAA that has occurred after fistula formation.
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Posselt, R., and U. Lohmann. "Influence of Giant CCN on warm rain processes in the ECHAM5 GCM." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 14 (July 17, 2008): 3769–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-3769-2008.
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Abstract. Increased Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) load due to anthropogenic activity might lead to non-precipitating clouds because the cloud drops become smaller (for a constant liquid water content) and, therefore, less efficient in rain formation (aerosol indirect effect). Adding giant CCN (GCCN) into such a cloud can initiate precipitation (namely, drizzle) and, therefore, might counteract the aerosol indirect effect. The effect of GCCN on global climate on warm clouds and precipitation within the ECHAM5 General Circulation Model (GCM) is investigated. Therefore, the newly introduced prognostic rain scheme (Posselt and Lohmann, 2007) is applied so that GCCN are directly activated into rain drops. The ECHAM5 simulations with incorporated GCCN show that precipitation is affected only locally. On the global scale, the precipitation amount does not change. Cloud properties like total water (liquid + rain water) and cloud drop number show a larger sensitivity to GCCN. Depending on the amount of added GCCN, the reduction of total water and cloud drops account for up to 20% compared to the control run without GCCN. Thus, the incorporation of the GCCN accelerate the hydrological cycle so that clouds precipitate faster (but not more) and less condensed water is accumulated in the atmosphere. An estimate of the anthropogenic aerosol indirect effect on the climate is obtained by comparing simulations for present-day and pre-industrial climate. The introduction of the prognostic rain scheme lowered the anthropogenic aerosol indirect effect significantly compared to the standard ECHAM5 with the diagnostic rain scheme. The incorporation of the GCCN changes the model state, especially the cloud properties like TWP and Nl. The precipitation changes only locally but globally the precipitation is unaffected because it has to equal the global mean evaporation rate. Changing the cloud properties leads to a local reduction of the aerosol indirect effect and, hence, partly compensating for the increased anthropogenic CCN concentrations in that regions. Globally, the aerosol indirect effect is nearly the same for all simulations.
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Wang, Ya Long. "Study of Dynamic Adsorption of Trace Kr and Xe by the 129Xe and 84Kr Tracing Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 694 (November 2014): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.694.411.
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The dynamic adsorption of atmospheric trace Kr and Xe, which discharged from the dynamic adsorption experimental equipment at room temperature, on selected adsorbents VACF and GCAC were studied. The stable isotope 84Kr and 129Xe were designated as tracing indicator and determined by ICP-MS. The results suggest that: (1) under the experimental conditions, which included that the column length was 1m, the flow was 2m3/h, and the maximum uniform loading density of VACF column and GCAC column was respectively 0.0165 g/cm3 and 0.459 g/cm3, the DAC which indicated the adsorption capacity of Kr and Xe adsorbed on VACF at room temperature was about 3.08×104cm3/g, the DAC which indicated the adsorption capacity of Kr and Xe adsorbed on GCAC at room temperature was about 5.55×103cm3/g; (2) the air flow capacity couldn’t be promoted by simply increasing the column length of VACF or GCAC. For VACF adsorbent, although its DAC was superior to the GCAC’s, but when the length of VACF column was increased to 2m, the air flow resistance was ascended obviously, and the air flow capacity was descended substantially. However, because the cost-effectiveness of GCAC adsorbent was higher, the flow resistance of GCAC column was smaller and the controlling range of air flow was larger than VACF, all of these results show that the comprehensive performance of GCAC is better than VACF at present.
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Alzahrani, Sarah G., and Lauren Copeland. "The Need for Uniqueness among Gulf Cooperation Council Countries’ Consumers: A Cross-Culture Study." International Journal of Marketing Studies 9, no. 4 (July 28, 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v9n4p29.
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Understanding differences among consumers across varying cultures is of great importance to the success of international retailers. Ignoring the influence of culture and centralized marketing has led to a decline in profits for some international companies. Studying the culture of Middle East countries, particularly the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries (GCCC), Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman, is essential before marketing in these countries. Additionally, the GCCC is one of the top 10 luxury markets in the world. Hofstede model of national culture is crucial for GCCC due to the fact culture norms regarding dress and appearance are nationally adopted. A sample of 170 participants from the GCCC was collected using an online questionnaire of 45 items measuring national culture dimensions and need for uniqueness when shopping for luxury goods. It was found that power distance in all GCCC countries was a significant predictor of having a need for uniqueness, as well as indulgence. Power distance had a positive relationship with the need for uniqueness while indulgence had a negative relationship with the need for uniqueness. For other dimensions, findings indicated that long term vs short term orientation, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and individualism were not significant predictors leading to uniqueness. Additionally, the important construct for uniqueness among GCCC consumers is unpopular choice followed by avoiding similarity. Creative choice is less important among the three constructs of uniqueness for GCCC participants.
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Blazer, Kathleen R., Yanin Chavarri-Guerra, Cynthia Villarreal Garza, Bita Nehoray, Alejandro Mohar, Adrian Daneri-Navarro, Azucena del Toro, et al. "Development and Pilot Implementation of the Genomic Risk Assessment for Cancer Implementation and Sustainment (GRACIAS) Intervention in Mexico." JCO Global Oncology, no. 7 (June 2021): 992–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/go.20.00587.
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PURPOSE Genomic cancer risk assessment (GCRA) is standard-of-care practice that uses genomic tools to identify individuals with increased cancer risk, enabling screening for early detection and cancer prevention interventions. GCRA is not available in most of Mexico, where breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death and ovarian cancer has a high mortality rate. METHODS Guided by an implementation science framework, we piloted the Genomic Risk Assessment for Cancer Implementation and Sustainment (GRACIAS) intervention, combining GCRA training, practice support, and low-cost BRCA1/ 2 ( BRCA) gene testing at four centers in Mexico. The RE-AIM model was adapted to evaluate GRACIAS intervention outcomes, including reach, the proportion of new patients meeting adapted National Comprehensive Cancer Network criteria who participated in GCRA. Barriers to GCRA were identified through roundtable sessions and semistructured interviews. RESULTS Eleven clinicians were trained across four sites. Mean pre-post knowledge score increased from 60% to 67.2% (range 53%-86%). GCRA self-efficacy scores increased by 31% (95% CI, 6.47 to 55.54; P = .02). Participant feedback recommended Spanish content to improve learning. GRACIAS promoted reach at all sites: 77% in Universidad de Guadalajara, 86% in Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, 90% in Tecnológico de Monterrey, and 77% in Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Overall, a pathogenic BRCA variant was identified in 15.6% (195 of 1,253) of patients. All trainees continue to provide GCRA and address barriers to care. CONCLUSION We describe the first project to use implementation science methods to develop and deliver an innovative multicomponent implementation intervention, combining low-cost BRCA testing, comprehensive GCRA training, and practice support in Mexico. Scale-up of the GRACIAS intervention will promote risk-appropriate care, cancer prevention, and reduction in related mortality.
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Jeong, Hyesun, Byeong Hyeon Choi, JinA Park, Jik-Han Jung, Hyunku Shin, Ka-Won Kang, Yu Hua Quan, et al. "GCC2 as a New Early Diagnostic Biomarker for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer." Cancers 13, no. 21 (October 31, 2021): 5482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13215482.
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No specific markers have been identified to detect non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell-derived exosomes circulating in the blood. Here, we report a new biomarker that distinguishes between cancer and non-cancer cell-derived exosomes. Exosomes isolated from patient plasmas at various pathological stages of NSCLC, NSCLC cell lines, and human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells isolated using size exclusion chromatography were characterized. The GRIP and coiled-coil domain-containing 2 (GCC2) protein, involved in endosome-to-Golgi transport, was identified by proteomics analysis of NSCLC cell line-derived exosomes. GCC2 protein levels in the exosomes derived from early-stage NSCLC patients were higher than those from healthy controls. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of exosomal GCC2 to be 90% and 75%, respectively. A high area under the curve, 0.844, confirmed that GCC2 levels could effectively distinguish between the exosomes. These results demonstrate GCC2 as a promising early diagnostic biomarker for NSCLC.
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Bistaffa, Filippo, and Alessandro Farinelli. "A COP Model For Graph-Constrained Coalition Formation." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 62 (May 29, 2018): 133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.11205.
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We consider Graph-Constrained Coalition Formation (GCCF), a widely studied subproblem of coalition formation in which the set of valid coalitions is restricted by a graph. We propose COP-GCCF, a novel approach that models GCCF as a COP, and we solve such COP with a highly-parallel approach based on Bucket Elimination executed on the GPU, which is able to exploit the high constraint tightness of COP-GCCF. Results show that our approach outperforms state of the art algorithms (i.e., DyCE and IDPG) by at least one order of magnitude on realistic graphs, i.e., a crawl of the Twitter social graph, both in terms of runtime and memory.
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Hurtado-de-Mendoza, Alejandra, Kristi Graves, Sara Gómez-Trillos, Lyndsay Anderson, Claudia Campos, Chalanda Evans, Selma Stearns, Qi Zhu, Nathaly Gonzalez, and Vanessa Sheppard. "Provider’s Perceptions of Barriers and Facilitators for Latinas to Participate in Genetic Cancer Risk Assessment for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer." Healthcare 6, no. 3 (September 17, 2018): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare6030116.
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The Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommends genetic cancer risk assessment (GCRA) referral to women at high risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Latinas affected by breast cancer have the second highest prevalence of BRCA1/2 mutations after Ashkenazi Jews. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, Latinas have lower GCRA uptake. While some studies have identified barriers for GCRA use in this population, few studies have focused on health care providers’ perspectives. The purpose of the study was to examine providers’ perceptions of barriers and facilitators for at-risk Latina women to participate in GCRA and their experiences providing services to this population. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 healthcare providers (e.g., genetic counselors, patient navigators) recruited nationally through snowballing. Interviews were transcribed. Two coders independently coded each interview and then met to reconcile the codes using Consensual Qualitative Research guidelines. Providers identified several facilitators for GCRA uptake (e.g., family, treatment/prevention decisions) and barriers (e.g., cost, referrals, awareness, stigma). Genetic counselors described important aspects to consider when working with at-risk Latina including language barriers, obtaining accurate family histories, family communication, and testing relatives who live outside the US. Findings from this study can inform future interventions to enhance uptake and quality of GCRA in at-risk Latina women to reduce disparities.
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Rust, Christian, Kris Bauchmuller, Peter Fickert, Andrea Fuchsbichler, and Ulrich Beuers. "Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent signaling modulates taurochenodeoxycholic acid-induced liver injury and cholestasis in perfused rat livers." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 289, no. 1 (July 2005): G88—G94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00450.2004.
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Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), but not glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), activates a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)-mediated survival pathway in vitro. Here, the effects of PI3-K inhibition on TCDCA- and GCDCA-induced hepatocellular injury, apoptosis, and bile secretion were examined in the intact liver. In isolated perfused rat livers, bile flow was determined gravimetrically. Hepatovenous lactate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase efflux as markers of liver integrity and biliary secretion of 2,4-dinitrophenyl- S-glutathione (DNP-GS) were determined photometrically. Apoptosis was assessed by immunohistochemistry of active caspase-3 and cytokeratin 18 in liver tissue. Phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) as a readout of PI3-K activity was determined by immunoblot analysis. Bile acid concentrations were determined by gas chromatography. TCDCA (25 μM) induced moderate liver injury by hepatocellular apoptosis and distinctly reduced bile flow and DNP-GS secretion. In contrast, GCDCA (25 μM) induced severe liver injury by extensive hepatocyte apoptosis. TCDCA strongly activated PI3-K, whereas GCDCA did not markedly affect PI3-K activity. Inhibition of PI3-K by 100 nM wortmannin enhanced TCDCA-induced liver injury and apoptosis and tended to aggravate the cholestatic effect of TCDCA. In contrast, wortmannin reduced GCDCA-induced liver injury and apoptosis. Bile acid uptake tended to be reduced by wortmannin. The cholestatic effect of GCDCA was aggravated by wortmannin. Inhibition of PI3-K markedly aggravated TCDCA-induced but not GCDCA-induced liver damage and hepatocyte apoptosis. Thus TCDCA appears to block its inherent toxicity by a PI3-K-dependent survival pathway in the intact liver.
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Arai, Hiroyuki, Yasmine Baca, Curtis Johnston, Richard M. Goldberg, Philip Agop Philip, Andreas Seeber, Francesca Battaglin, et al. "Molecular characterization of appendiceal goblet cell carcinoid." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2020): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.4_suppl.231.
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231 Background: Goblet cell carcinoid (GCC) is a distinct subtype of appendiceal neoplasm that exhibits unique clinical and pathologic features. There are a few reports focusing on the molecular differences between GCC and other appendiceal tumors such as adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine tumor (NET). Methods: A total of 495 appendiceal tumor samples (53 GCCs, 428 adenocarcinomas and 14 NETs) were tested with Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) on a 592-gene panel and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Microsatellite instability (MSI) / mismatch repair (MMR) status was tested with a combination of NGS, IHC and fragment analysis. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was evaluated by NGS, and PD-L1 were tested by IHC (SP142). Molecular characteristics of GCCs are compared with those of adenocarcinomas and NETs, using Chi-square test. Results: The top five genes with most frequent mutation rate in GCCs were TP53 (24.0%), ARID1A (15.4%), SMAD4 (9.4%), KRAS (7.5%) and CHEK2 (4.0%). Compared to adenocarcinomas, GCCs showed significantly lower mutation rates in KRAS (7.5% vs 60.4%), GNAS (3.8% vs 34.4%), APC (1.9% vs 11.7%), while significantly higher mutation rates in CDH1 (3.8% vs 0.7%), CHEK2 (4.0% vs 0.3%), CDC73 (2.0% vs 0.0%), ERCC2 (2.0% vs 0.0%) and FGFR2 (1.9% vs 0.0%). Compared to NETs, GCCs showed significantly lower mutation rate in KRAS (7.5% vs 28.6%), APC (1.9% vs 28.6%), BRCA2 (0.0% vs 7.1%) and FANCA (0.0% vs 7.1%), with all p < 0.05. In GCCs, MSI-H/dMMR, TML-high (> 17mut/Mb) and PD-L1 expression were seen in 0.0%, 0.0% and 2.0%, respectively. No significant difference was observed in these immune-related markers’ frequency, compared to adenocarcinomas and NETs. Conclusions: GCCs had considerably distinct mutational profile compared to appendiceal adenocarcinomas and NETs. Understanding these molecular characteristics may be critical for a development of effective treatment strategy in GCC.
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Gilmore, James W., Nancy Walker Peacock, Anna Gu, Stephen Szabo, Melissa Rammage, Joyce Sharpe, Sally Haislip, et al. "Antiemetic guideline consistency and incidence of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in U.S. community oncology practice: INSPIRE study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 34_suppl (December 1, 2012): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.34_suppl.167.
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167 Background: Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are a valuable source to evaluate the quality of oncology care, particularly when combined with patient outcomes data. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of guideline consistent/inconsistent chemotherapy prophylaxis (GCCP, GICP) on the incidence of no CINV after cycle 1 of highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC or MEC). Methods: INSPIRE (Impact of NCCN Antiemesis Guideline Usage on Patient Reported Emesis) was a prospective observational, multicenter study that enrolled chemotherapy-naive adults initiating single-day HEC or MEC. Results from the MASCC Antiemesis Tool, administered 5 to 8 days after HEC/MEC, were merged with EHR data. The primary endpoint, no CINV (no emesis and no clinically significant nausea), was compared between groups using logistic regression. Results: 1,295 patients (mean age=59.3, 30.0% male, 35.5% HEC) were enrolled from Georgia Cancer Specialists (53.0%), Tennessee Oncology (38.1%), Florida Cancer Specialists (5.7%), and Cancer Specialists of N. Florida (3.2%). The prevalence of GCCP was 57.3% (28.7% HEC; 73.1% MEC). If corticosteroids were prescribed to all HEC patients on days 2-4, GCCP for HEC would increase from 28.7% to 89.8%. If NK1-receptor antagonists (NK1-RA) were prescribed to all MEC patients, GCCP for MEC would increase from 73.1% to 97.8%. GCCP and GICP-treated patients differed by age, (p=0.010), HEC/MEC (p<0.0001), primary cancer site (p<0.0001), practice site (p<0.0001). The percent with no CINV, no emesis, and no clinically significant nausea was significantly higher for GCCP patients. Conclusions: Increased GCCP could significantly reduce CINV after HEC or MEC. The main reasons for guideline inconsisteny were lack of corticosteroids in the delayed phase for HEC and lack of NK1-RA for MEC. There remains room for improvement in nausea control. [Table: see text]
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Geier, L. J., M. Sheehan, M. Elia, S. Ethirajan, and E. Kent. "The oncologist as genetic consultant: Two-year results in a large community-based practice." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e22140-e22140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e22140.
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e22140 Background: Oncologists are in a unique position to provide effective genetic cancer risk assessment (GCRA). However, in most communities they defer this to genetic counselors (GC). At KC Cancer Center, a 35-MD community oncology group, the difficulty obtaining timely and effective GCRA became a quality of care issue. Methods: In December 2006 a new program was launched with 4 designated oncologists providing GCRA at 4 separate cancer centers. Each oncologist was responsible for gaining expertise in the common hereditary syndromes and appropriate interpretation of gene testing results prior to starting GCRA. Two-year results were analyzed. For those pts found to have deleterious mutations, charts were reviewed to confirm the gene affected, and the length of time between cancer dx and GCRA. Pts more than one year out from dx were designated as cancer survivors. Results: After 2 years, 490 pts had gone through gene testing after GCRA, and 85 were found to carry deleterious mutations. These data were compared to the previous three years when pts had been referred to GC ( Table ). Both the number of pts tested and the number with mutations in yrs 2007–8 were approximately 400% of the numbers for yrs 2005–06. Of the 85 pts with mutations, 51 (60%) were cancer survivors. Their median time from diagnosis was 5.5 yrs (range 1–25). 75/85 (88%) mutations were in a BRCA gene. Conclusions: This oncologist-centered model proved to be very effective in identifying mutation carriers, particularly among cancer survivors in whom the hereditary syndrome had been previously overlooked. Acceptance of this approach by pts, physicians, and payers has been extremely high. This model should be considered by oncology practices wanting to add GCRA to their service lines. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]