Academic literature on the topic 'GCeGC'
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Journal articles on the topic "GCeGC"
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Leocata, Pietro, Pietro Gallo, Alessandro Chiominto, Solidea Saltarelli, Rachele Cioccocioppo, Patrizia Saltarelli, Carlo Di Giacomo, and Luca Ventura. "Is Early Gastric Cancer, Diffuse Type, a Forerunner of Advanced Gastric Cancer?" Tumori Journal 79, no. 2 (April 1993): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089169307900205.
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Aims and Background Gastric cancer (GC) represents one of the most Important causes of death by malignancy world wilde. Our retrospective study was carried out on surgical stomach specimens obtained from a series of 552 consecutive cases of GC observed in the Departments of Surgical Pathology of the Public Hospitals of L'Aquila and Atri which cover the 17 % of the entire population of the Italian Region Abruzzo. The aim of the study was to compare the anatomo-clinical characteristics of early GC (EGC) and advanced GC (AGC). Methods The diagnosis was achieved by the criteria of the Lauren's histopathological classification (intestinal and diffuse types). Our study also stratified the cases by sex, age, lymph node metastases and associated lesions such as chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. Results On an average, patients affected by EGC were 8.1 years younger than those with AGC. This age gap could support the hypothesis that early lesions represent the first stage of AGC. However, when patients were subdivided according to Lauren's classification, the mean age of patients with EGC, diffuse type, was 12.2 years less than that of AGC patients of the corresponding histological type. Furthermore, the subset of patients with EGC, diffuse type, and lymph node metastases was 17.8 years younger than patients affected by AGC diffuse type, with lymph node metastases. Conclusions The present study offers an original survey on GC in a defined Italian population. As far as the intestinal histotype is concerned, the slight age difference between EGC and AGC suggests that these tumors are different steps of the same process. On the contrary, the age distribution suggests that EGC, diffuse type, has a different biological behaviour.
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Ieni, A., V. Barresi, L. Rigoli, R. A. Caruso, and G. Tuccari. "HER2 Status in Premalignant, Early, and Advanced Neoplastic Lesions of the Stomach." Disease Markers 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/234851.
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Objectives. HER2 expression in gastric cancer (GC) has received attention as a potential target for therapy with Trastuzumab. We reviewed the current knowledge on HER2 status in premalignant gastric lesions and in early (EGC) and advanced (AGC) GC to discuss the possible pathogenetic and prognostic roles of HER2 overexpression in GC.Results. HER2 overexpression was documented in gastric low-grade (LG) and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-IEN), with higher frequency in gastric type dysplasia. HER2 overexpression was significantly associated with disease recurrence and poor prognosis in EGC representing an independent risk factor for lymph node metastases. HER2 overexpression was more frequent in AGC characterized by high grade, advanced stage, and high Ki-67 labeling index. The discordance in HER2 status was evidenced between primitive GC and synchronous or metachronous metastases.Conclusions. HER2 overexpression in premalignant gastric lesions suggests its potential involvement in the early steps of gastric carcinogenesis. The assessment of HER2 status in EGC may be helpful for the identification of patients who are at low risk for developing nodal metastases. Finally, the possible discordance in HER2 status between primary GC and its synchronous metastases support routine assessment of HER2 both in the primary GC and in its metastatic lesions.
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Kwon, Tae Jin, Tae Jun Kim, Hyuk Lee, Yang Won Min, Byung-Hoon Min, Jun Haeng Lee, and Jae J. Kim. "Statin Use Decreases the Risk of Metachronous Gastric Cancer in Patients without Helicobacter pylori Infection." Cancers 13, no. 5 (March 1, 2021): 1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13051020.
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Previous studies have shown that statins reduce the risk of gastric cancer; however, their role has not been adequately studied in patients without Helicobacterpylori infection. We aimed to investigate whether statins reduced the risk of metachronous gastric cancer (GC) in H. pylori-negative patients who underwent endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer (EGC). Retrospective data of 2153 patients recruited between January 2007 and December 2016, with no H. pylori infection at baseline, who underwent resection for EGC, were analyzed. Metachronous GC was defined as a newly developed GC at least 1 year after endoscopic resection. Patients who used statins for at least 28 days during the follow-up period were considered as statin users. During a median follow-up of 5 years (interquartile range, 3.5–6.2), metachronous GC developed in 165 (7.6%) patients. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, statin use was an independent factor associated with GC recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 0.46; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.26–0.82). Moreover, the risk of GC reduced with increasing duration (<3 years: HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.14–1.13; ≥3 years: HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.05–0.90; p trend = 0.011) and the dose of statin (cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD) < 500: HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.16–1.28; cDDD ≥ 500: HR 0.19, 95% CI 0.04–0.80; p trend = 0.008) in the propensity score-matched cohort. Statin use was associated with a lower risk of GC recurrence in H. pylori-negative patients with resected EGC in a dose-response relationship.
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Corvalan, Alejandro Hernan, Maria Jose Maturana, Wilda Olivares, Nicole Roldan, and Jacqueline Fry. "Inverse correlation between expression and methylation of RPRM, a TP53 dependent G2 arrest mediator candidate, along the gastric precancerous cascade." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2016): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.4_suppl.73.
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73 Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of first cause of cancer death worldwide. Lesions associated with the gastric precancerous cascade include atrophic gastritis (AG), intestinal metaplasia (IM), dysplasia (DY), and early (EGC)/advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Loss of expression due to aberrant methylation of Reprimo (RPRM), TP53 dependent G2 arrest mediator candidate, has been detected in patients with GC. Here we evaluated the methylation of the promoter region of RPRM in the precursor lesions. Methods: Fresh tissue biopsies from AG (N = 8), IM (N = 6), DY (N = 4), EGC (N = 5) and AGC (N = 8) were included. Expression and methylation levels of RPRM were detected by qPCR and MethyLight, respectively. Sequencing of 30 CpG sites of the promoter of RPRM was performed by Bisulfite sequencing. Results: Relative expression levels of the mRNA of RPRM decrease as gastric precancerous cascade progress, being significant in the transitions IM/DY and EGC/ACG. Methylation of the promoter of RPRM was detected in 4/8 AG, 3/6 IM, 4/4 DY, 5/5 EGC and 8/8 AGC. Spearman correlation analysis showed a significant inverse association between methylation and expression (r = -0.99, P < 0.0001). We observed increase of methylation of the CpG site 24 in the transition EGC to AGC. Conclusions: Our results show an inverse correlation between expression and methylation of RPRM along the gastric precancerous cascade. This inverse correlation is determinant in transitions from IM to DY and EGC to AGC. The identification of specific methylation of CpG site 24 associated EGC to AGC may be critical for the regulation of the RPRM expression. Grant Support: CONICYT-Fondap#15130011 and Fondecyt#1151411 from the Government of Chile
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Lu, Jun, Peng-yang Zhang, Jian-wei Xie, Jia-bin Wang, Jian-xian Lin, Qi-yue Chen, Long-long Cao, Ping Li, Chao-hui Zheng, and Chang-ming Huang. "Circular RNA hsa_circ_0006848 Related to Ribosomal Protein L6 Acts as a Novel Biomarker for Early Gastric Cancer." Disease Markers 2019 (September 2, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3863458.
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Objective. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to be widely involved in pathological processes of various cancers. However, little is known about their diagnostic values in early gastric cancer (EGC). This study is aimed at exploring whether circulating circRNAs in plasma could act as biomarkers for EGC diagnosis. Materials and Methods. Mass spectrometry (MS) was performed to identify the proteins that at significantly aberrantly levels in gastric cancer (GC) tissues. The target circRNA was identified by bioinformatics analysis. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to evaluate the diagnostic utility. Results. MS revealed that the ribosomal protein L6 (RPL6) expression was significantly downregulated only in EGC tissues vs. nontumorous tissues; this was validated by western blotting (n=30, p=0.0094). Bioinformatics analysis predicted that there is a hsa_circ_0006848/hsa_miR-329-5p/RPL6 axis in GC progression. The hsa_circ_0006848 expression was significantly downregulated in EGC tissues (vs. nontumorous tissues, n=30, p=0.0073) and plasma samples from EGC patients (vs. paired healthy volunteers, n=30, p=0.0089). In addition, the hsa_circ_0006848 plasma level in postoperative patients was significantly higher than that of preoperative patients (n=30, p=0.047). Furthermore, the decreased hsa_circ_0006848 expression in plasma was negatively correlated with poor differentiation (p=0.037) and tumor size (p=0.046). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of hsa_circ_0006848 in plasma was 0.733, suggesting a good diagnostic value. The plasma hsa_circ_0006848 level combined with the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate-associated antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and carbohydrate-associated antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) level increased the AUC to 0.825. Conclusion. Our results indicated that plasma hsa_circ_0006848 may be a novel noninvasive biomarker in EGC diagnosis.
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Alarcon, Alejandra, Wilda Olivares, Maria Jose Maturana, Andres Rodriguez, Oslando Padilla, Ignacio Alberto Wichmann, Alfonso Calvo, and Alejandro Corvalan. "Combined use of methylated reprimo cell-free DNA and pepsinogens for noninvasive detection of early gastric cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2015): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.3_suppl.27.
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27 Background: Gastric cancer (GC) has been described as a multistep cascade of precursor lesions such as non-atrophic chronic gastritis (NACG), multiphocal atrophic gastritis (MAG), intestinal metaplasia (IM), low grade dysplasia (LGD) and high grade dysplasia (HGD) leading to early stages of GC (EGC). Currently, no non-invasive biomarkers for this progression are clinically available. We have previously identified a potential biomarker based on methylated Reprimo (RPRM) cell-free DNA (cfDNA) (Clin Cancer Res 2008;14:6264-9). In a cross-sectional study of 1,076 patients, we showed a sensitivity of 70.8% (95% CI: 60.3 to 81.3) and specificity of 74.3% (95% CI: 71.5 to 77) for methylated RPRM cfDNA, to distinguish NACG+MAG+IM+LGD vs HGD+EGC+AGC (Digestive Disease Week 2014 #108). However, the crude detection rate of EGC was only 46.6%. Here, we aim to explore the role of the combined use of methylated RPRM cfDNA and well stablished atrophy biomarkers such as pepsinogens, for non-invasive detection of EGC. Methods: A case-control study was performed including 237 patients (NACG:40; MAG:94; IM:55; LGD:11; HGD:5: EGC:15; AGC:17) scheduled for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE). A heparinized venous blood sample was collected and methylated RPRM cfDNA and Immunoassays for Pepsinogen I and II were performed. Positive value was considered if methylated RPRM cfDNA > 0 copies/mL and PG I/II ratio <3.0 were found. Results: Overall sensitivity and specificity for the combined use of methylated RPRM cfDNA and PGI/II to distinguish NACG+MAG+IM+LGD vs HGD+EGC+AGC was 67.5% (95% CI: 50.2% to 81.9%) and 63% (95% CI: 55.9% to 69.7%), respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 25.2% (95% CI: 17% to 34.9%) and 91.3% (95% CI: 85.3% to 95.4%), respectively. Importantly, crude detection rate for EGC increased from 46.6% to 86.7%. Conclusions: The combined use of methylated RPRM cfDNA and PGI/II reached similar sensitivity and specificity compared to methylated RPRM cfDNA alone to distinguish NACG+MAG+IM+LGD vs HGD+EGC+AGC. However, combined use of methylated RPRM cfDNA and PGI/II significantly improved the detection rate of EGC, a lesion with a curability rate over 95%.
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Zhang, Qing-Wei, Jin-Nan Chen, Zhao-Rong Tang, Yun-Jie Gao, Zhi-Zheng Ge, and Xiao-Bo Li. "Long- and short-term outcomes of early gastric cancer after endoscopic resection: a retrospective study from China." Endoscopy International Open 09, no. 07 (June 21, 2021): E1086—E1096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1381-7013.
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Abstract Background and study aims The aim of the study was to evaluate short- and long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer (EGC) in China because no study has yet been conducted to confirm its effectiveness in EGC in China. Patients and methods A total of 570 EGC samples from 537 patients were collected for evaluation of en bloc, complete, and curative resection using ESD. Data from 302 patients with at least 3 years of active follow-up were collected for analysis of recurrence of EGC and occurrence of metachronous GC (MGC). Short- and long-outcomes of mixed-type and pure differentiated EGC were also compared. Results En bloc resection rates of 96.0 %, 98.7 %, and 95.2 %, complete resection rates of 91.2 %, 96.6 % and 90.8 %, and curative resection rates of 83.0 %, 96.2 % and 88.2 % were achieved in all EGCs included in the study, those with absolute indication, and those with expanded indication, respectively. As a long-term outcome, recurrence was observed in 1.3 % of patients, 3-year and 5-year recurrence rates being 0.7 % and 1.2 %, respectively. Thirteen patients (4.3 %) exhibited MGCs during follow-up, all of which were resected in a second ESD. Conclusions The effectiveness of ESD for EGC in China was confirmed, with satisfactory short- and long-term outcomes. With scheduled follow-up, the outcomes for mixed-type EGC can be similar to those for pure differentiated EGC after complete resection without development of lymphovascular invasion.
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Klempner, Samuel Jacob, Joseph Chao, Mark Bailey, Seung Tae Kim, Jie He, Doron Lipson, Siraj Mahamed Ali, et al. "Genomic alterations (GA) predicted to confer lack of benefit from trastuzumab in advanced esophagogastric cancers (EGC): Analysis of 527 HER2-amplified (HER2amp) cases." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.4_suppl.44.
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44 Background: The addition of trastuzumab to chemotherapy improves survival in first line treatment of advanced HER2 overexpressing EGC. However, the response rate is under 50% in this molecularly heterogeneous group of cancers. Genomic alterations (GA) associated with lack of benefit from trastuzumab are understudied. Methods: We prospectively analyzed clinical samples from patients with EGC using hybrid-capture based comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP). Pre-specified literature review was used to determine GA associated with de-novo trastuzumab resistance. Results: From 2,245 gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinomas and 1,883 gastric adenocarcinomas (GC) we identified 395 HER 2-amplified GEJ (18%) and 132 HER 2-amplified (HER2amp) GC (7.0%) cases. Median HER 2 copy number was 19 in GEJ and 16 in GC samples. PIK3CA GA and METamp were observed in ~9% and ~5% of both HER 2amp and non- HER2amp EGC cases; however, co-amplification of cell-cycle mediators CDK6 and CCCNE1 were each significantly enriched in HER 2amp cases (Table). MYCamp and deleterious SMAD4 GA were also significantly enriched in cases with Her2amp. CDKN2A GA were common regardless of HER 2amp, particularly in GEJ . In cases with >100 estimated HER 2 copies, only PIK3CA GA were significantly less frequent than in those with 6-99 copies (2.3% vs. 9.8%, P =0.04). All HER 2amp cases were microsatellite stable. A clinically annotated HER 2amp cohort will be presented. Conclusions: GA predicted to decrease trastuzumab sensitivity exist in a significant portion of HER 2amp EGC, although not all are enriched relative to non- HER 2amp cases. CGP may provide additive information to traditional HER2 testing and identify patients less likely to benefit from therapy. Larger clinical datasets are needed to validate our observations. [Table: see text]
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Li, Ming. "A Class of Negatively Fractal Dimensional Gaussian Random Functions." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2011 (2011): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/291028.
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Letx(t)be a locally self-similar Gaussian random function. Denote byrxx(τ)the autocorrelation function (ACF) ofx(t). Forx(t)that is sufficiently smooth on(0,∞), there is an asymptotic expression given byrxx(0)-rxx(τ)~c|τ|αfor|τ|→0, wherecis a constant andαis the fractal index ofx(t). If the above is true, the fractal dimension ofx(t), denoted byD, is given byD=D(α)=2−α/2. Conventionally,αis strictly restricted to0<α≤2so as to make sure thatD∈[1,2). The generalized Cauchy (GC) process is an instance of this type of random functions. Another instance is fractional Brownian motion (fBm) and its increment process, that is, fractional Gaussian noise (fGn), which strictly follow the case ofD∈[1,2)or0<α≤2. In this paper, I claim that the fractal indexαofx(t)may be relaxed to the rangeα>0as long as its ACF keeps valid forα>0. With this claim, I extend the GC process to allowα>0and call this extension, for simplicity, the extended GC (EGC for short) process. I will address that there are dimensions0≤D(α)<1for2<α≤4and furtherD(α)<0for4<αfor the EGC processes. I will explain thatx(t)with1≤D<2is locally rougher than that with0≤D<1. Moreover,x(t)withD<0is locally smoother than that with0≤D<1. The local smoothestx(t)occurs in the limitD→−∞. The focus of this paper is on the fractal dimensions of random functions. The EGC processes presented in this paper can be either long-range dependent (LRD) or short-range dependent (SRD). Though applications of such class of random functions forD<1remain unknown, I will demonstrate the realizations of the EGC processes forD<1. The above result regarding negatively fractal dimension on random functions can be further extended to describe a class of random fields with negative dimensions, which are also briefed in this paper.
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Yang, Liangwei, Yu Yu, Xiuchong Yu, Jiaming Zhou, Zhiping Zhang, Shibo Ying, Junming Guo, and Zhilong Yan. "Downregulated Expression of hsa_circ_0005556 in Gastric Cancer and Its Clinical Significance." Disease Markers 2019 (November 19, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2624586.
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Background. Gastric cancer (GC) has a poor prognosis due to the lack of ideal tumor markers. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel type of noncoding RNA related to the occurrence of GC. Among our research, we investigated the role of hsa_circ_0005556 in GC. Materials and Methods. The expression of hsa_circ_0005556 of 100 paired GC tissues and adjacent normal tissues was detected using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was established to evaluate the diagnostic value of hsa_circ_0005556. The correlation between the expression of hsa_circ_0005556 and corresponding clinicopathological characteristic was explored. Results. hsa_circ_0005556 was significantly downregulated in GC tissues contrasted with adjacent normal tissues (n=100, p<0.001). The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of hsa_circ_0005556 were up to 0.773, while 64% sensitivity and 82% specificity, respectively. Moreover, its expression levels were significantly associated with differentiation (p=0.001), TNM stage (p=0.013), and lymphatic metastasis (p=0.039). GC patients of high hsa_circ_0005556 levels had a longer overall survival (OS) than those of the low group (p=0.047). Conclusion. hsa_circ_0005556 is a potential biomarker for GC, which may guide judgment of the indication of endoscopic treatment for early gastric cancer (EGC).
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "GCeGC"
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Song, Shin Miin, and shinmiin@singnet com sg. "Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC ) for drug analysis." RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080627.114511.
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Separation technologies have occupied a central role in the current practices of analytical methods used for drug analysis today. As the emphasis in contemporary drug analysis shifts towards ultra-trace concentrations, the contribution from unwanted matrix interferences takes on greater significance. In order to single out a trace substance with confidence from a rapidly expanding list of drug compounds (and their metabolites) in real complex specimens, analytical technologies must evolve to keep up with such trends. Today, the task of unambiguous identification in forensic toxicology still relies heavily upon chromatographic methods based on mass spectrometric detection, in particular GC-MS in electron ionisation (EI) mode. Although the combined informing power of (EI) GC-MS has served faithfully in a myriad of drug application studies to date, we may ask if (EI) GC-MS will remain competitive in meeting the impending needs of ultra-trace drug analysis in the fut ure? To what extent of reliability can sample clean-up strategies be used in ultra-trace analysis without risking the loss of important analytes of interest? The increasing use of tandem mass spectrometry with one-dimensional (1D) chromatographic techniques (e.g. GC-MS/MS) at its simplest, considers that single-column chromatographic analysis with mass spectrometry alone is not sufficient in providing unambiguous confirmation of the identity of any given peak, particularly when there are peak-overlap. Where the mass spectra of the individual overlapping peaks are highly similar, confounding interpretation of their identities may arise. By introducing an additional resolution element in the chromatographic domain of a 1D chromatographic system, the informing power of the analytical system can also be effectively raised by the boost in resolving power from two chromatographic elements. Thus this thesis sets out to address the analytical challenges of modern drug analysis through the application of high resolut ion comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCeGC) to a series of representative drug studies of relevance to forensic sciences.