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1
Marte, Dayanara. "“More Training Is Not the Answer for Survivors”: A Healing Justice Framework for Women of Color Survivors of Gender-Based Violence in Leadership." Genealogy 5, no. 2 (April 6, 2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy5020036.
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Gender-based violence (GBV) is a global issue that is particularly prevalent among women of color. Many providers in GBV-based organizations are also survivors of GBV, which affects the way these providers lead social service and social justice organizations. Yet, many institutions at the intersections of GBV fail to address the impact that GBV has on the mind, body, and spirit of the women who work there. Using historical trauma as a lens, this qualitative study incorporates semi-structured interviews with women of color in leadership to explore the various ways trauma manifests itself among survivors of GBV. Thematic analysis with 10 women of color survivors of GBV in leadership revealed four ways trauma manifests itself, how it impacts the women who have experienced it, and survivors’ need for personal and organizational healing. In addition, a conceptualization of a healing justice model that these findings inform is presented. This article has implications for GBV survivors working on the frontlines of GBV-based organizations along with implications for how the organization can facilitate healing among employees.
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Sinko, Laura, Limor Goldner, and Denise Marie Saint Arnault. "The Trauma Recovery Actions Checklist: Applying Mixed Methods to a Holistic Gender-Based Violence Recovery Actions Measure." Sexes 2, no. 3 (September 7, 2021): 363–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sexes2030029.
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Gender-Based Violence (GBV) trauma recovery models have evolved in such a way that survivors are viewed as actively engaging in a multitude of strategies. In addition to seeking help and coping, survivors engage in diverse lifestyle, social, spiritual, and practical strategies to promote their health and wellbeing. This exploratory sequential mixed-methods study develops an instrument to measure the holistic recovery actions used by GBV survivors. The qualitative phase combined recovery action codes from interviews with 50 GBV survivors in three different survivor samples to create an initial six-concept 41-item Trauma Recovery Actions Checklist (TRAC). The quantitative psychometrics phase used data from 289 American GBV survivors. Results revealed a five-factor 35-item final version (sharing/connecting; building positive emotions; reflecting and creating healing spaces; establishing security; and planning the future). There were positive significant correlations between sharing/connecting and depression scores, and between sharing/connecting, reflecting, and building security with PTSD scores. No correlations were found between any recovery action type and the barriers to help-seeking subscales of Problem Management Beliefs, Discrimination, or Unavailability. However, there were significant negative correlations between Shame and Financial barriers and Sharing/Connecting, and between Feeling Frozen, Constraints, and Establishing Security. Implications for research, clinical practice and ways of understanding survivorship recovery are suggested.
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Sinko, Laura, and Denise Saint Arnault. "Finding the Strength to Heal: Understanding Recovery After Gender-Based Violence." Violence Against Women 26, no. 12-13 (November 11, 2019): 1616–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801219885185.
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Little research has focused on the trauma healing processes of gender-based violence (GBV) survivors, with most research focusing on adverse outcomes. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to explore the nature of GBV healing through survivor narratives. Our analysis revealed important barriers and facilitators of trauma healing. Social context was discovered to have a powerful influence over both barriers and facilitators. Analysis of the nature of healing revealed three main objectives: reconnecting with the self, others, and the world. This information can be utilized by clinicians to create safer, more empowering, healing spaces for survivors.
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Vahedi, Luissa, Ilana Seff, Deidi Olaya Rodriguez, Samantha McNelly, Ana Isabel Interiano Perez, Dorcas Erskine, Catherine Poulton, and Lindsay Stark. "“At the Root of COVID Grew a More Complicated Situation”: A Qualitative Analysis of the Guatemalan Gender-Based Violence Prevention and Response System during the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17 (September 2, 2022): 10998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710998.
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A growing body of literature has documented an increased risk of gender-based violence (GBV) within the context of COVID-19 and service providers’ reduced capacity to address this vulnerability. Less examined are the system-level impacts of the pandemic on the GBV sector in low- and middle-income countries. Drawing on the perspectives of 18 service providers working across various GBV-related sectors in Guatemala, we explored how the Guatemalan GBV prevention and response system operated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings highlight that the pandemic reinforced survivors’ existing adversities (inadequate transportation access, food insecurity, digital divides), which subsequently reduced access to reporting, justice, and support. Consequently, the GBV prevention and response system had to absorb the responsibility of securing survivors’ essential social determinants of health, further limiting already inflexible budgets. The pandemic also imposed new challenges, such as service gridlocks, that negatively affected survivors’ system navigation and impaired service providers’ abilities to efficiently receive reports and mobilize harm reduction and prevention programming. The findings underscore the systemic challenges faced by GBV service providers and the need to incorporate gender mainstreaming across public service sectors—namely, transportation and information/communication—to improve lifesaving GBV service delivery for Guatemalan survivors, particularly survivors in rural/remote regions.
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Stauffer, Carolyn. "Undocumented Latina GBV Survivors: Using Social Capital as a Form of Resistance." Social Sciences 10, no. 12 (November 27, 2021): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10120456.
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This research draws on the tradition of Latinx critical race theory (LatCrit) to explore how social capital is deployed by undocumented Latina GBV survivors as a form of personal and collective resistance. The study uses the social capital matrices of bonding, bridging, and linking capital as its primary narrative analysis grids. The research qualitatively analyzes a sample of undocumented survivors’ counter-stories regarding three factors: citizenship status, help-seeking behaviors, and service use patterns. Research findings illuminate the social logics of GBV disclosure locations, the use of informal support services, and how survivors strategically deploy new economic opportunity structures. The article highlights the intersectionality of GBV and undocumented status, demonstrating how survivors leverage various forms of social capital to resist both the carceral state and the violence of abusers.
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Kurebwa, Jeffrey. "Masculinity and Gender." International Journal of Political Activism and Engagement 8, no. 1 (January 2021): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpae.2021010104.
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The purpose of this study is to provide interventions to end gender-based violence (GBV). Most of the GBV interventions that have been used are mainly reactive and focused on survivors of GBV. It therefore argues that there is a need to also focus on masculinity-focused interventions as an alternative to the traditional GBV interventions in order to reduce GBV cases. The study firstly provides definitions of GBV and masculinity. Secondly, it provides a critique of the various types of masculinity. Thirdly, it focuses on traditional GBV interventions, and masculinity-focused interventions.
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Yalcinoz-Ucan, Busra, Laura Zilney, Agnes Zientarska-Kayko, Timothy Ireland, and Dillon Thomas Browne. "Examining the effectiveness of psychological interventions for marginalised and disadvantaged women and individuals who have experienced gender-based violence: protocol for a scoping review." BMJ Open 12, no. 7 (July 2022): e060479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060479.
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IntroductionExposure to gender-based violence (GBV) has devastating psychological outcomes for victims/survivors. Particularly in conditions where GBV intersects with multiple forms of oppression, the negative impacts of violence are more challenging to overcome and potential pathways for recovery become less accessible. However, evidence regarding the availability and effectiveness of mental health interventions for GBV survivors from marginalised and disadvantaged communities has yet to be systematically integrated and synthesised. The proposed scoping review will examine the relevant literature regarding the availability and effectiveness of psychological interventions for survivors of GBV from marginalised and disadvantaged backgrounds. This review will (i) document what psychological interventions have been available and empirically established for marginalised and disadvantaged women and individuals with experiences of GBV, (ii) provide a narrative examination of the treatment outcomes of identified interventions regarding their effectiveness and (iii) examine the degree to which GBV interventions in selected sources are designed and applied with a recognition of the social determinants of mental health.Methods and analysisThe search for the proposed scoping review will include five electronic databases: PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid Medline, and CINAHL. The database search will be completed in June 2022. An additional search will be conducted before the completion of the study in December 2022. The search will target research studies published after 2010. The primary eligibility criterion for study selection is having a focus on psychological interventions for GBV survivors from marginalised and disadvantaged groups. Two reviewers will conduct screening and data extraction. The data will be evaluated to map the treatment outcomes of interventions and their effectiveness. Implications for clinical services will be discussed.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical consideration is foreseen for this scoping review. The dissemination will be done through a publication in a top-tier open access journal and conference presentations.
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Baral, Madan Prasad. "Medico Legal Cases in One Stop Crisis Management Center (OCMC) Kaski." Medical Journal of Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjpahs.v2i2.28189.
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Background: The OCMC (One stop crisis management center) has been established in the recognized government hospitals of Nepal. The OCMC has built coalition and create an organizational management system with other organizations for providing comprehensive health and treatment services, legal aid services, and counseling services and make certain protection to the survivors of GBV (Gender based violence) as well as to manage and control GBV incident. Worldwide more than 119 countries have laws on domestic violence, 125 countries have laws on sexual pestering and 52 countries have laws on marital rape but still women are suffering from different physical, sexual and Psychological violence. Rape, hurt/battery, Indecent assault, are the main forms of violence.
Materials and Methods: Study is conducted in Western regional Hospital Pokhara, in OCMC (One stop crisis management center). It is a cross-sectional type of study. Data collected by the observation, interview and case study from the survivors of violence, available published materials related to women Violence and OCMC are also studied. Total 200 cases of GBV survivors came to OCMC center of Kaski from 2073Baisakh to 2074Ashad and included in the study as a primary source of data.
Conclusion and Result: Out of total 200 cases, sexual offence victims were maximum in number which was 140 and least were forced marriage victim which were only 4 in number. More than 50% of dalit caste people were the survivors of GBV cases. GBV cases were predominant in age group of 20- 30 years. Maximum numbers of victims of GBV in sexual offence cases were alleged Rape cases which accounts 85% of total cases came to OCMC center.
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Lakin, Daniel P., Claudia García-Moreno, and Elisabeth Roesch. "Psychological Interventions for Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence in Humanitarian Settings: An Overview of the Evidence and Implementation Considerations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5 (March 2, 2022): 2916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052916.
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This paper provides an analytical overview of different types of psychological interventions that have demonstrated efficacy in low-income and/or humanitarian settings and points to special considerations that may be needed if used with women who have been subjected to gender-based violence (GBV). This paper reviews diverse therapeutic modalities and contrasts them across several domains, including their conventional use and principles; their documented use and efficacy in humanitarian settings; any special considerations or modifications necessary for GBV-affected clients; and any additional resources or implementation concerns when working in low-income contexts. By examining the evidence base of multiple interventions, we hope to provide clinicians and GBV-prevention advocates with an overview of tools/approaches to provide survivor-centered, trauma-informed responses to GBV survivors. This analysis responds to the growing recognition that gender-based violence, in particular intimate partner violence and sexual violence, is strongly associated with mental health problems, including anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress. This is likely to be exacerbated in humanitarian contexts, where people often experience multiple and intersecting traumatic experiences. The need for mental health services in these settings is increasingly recognized, and a growing number of psychological interventions have been shown to be effective when delivered by lay providers and in humanitarian settings.
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Sinko, Laura, Chris Schaitkin, and Denise Saint Arnault. "The Healing after Gender-Based Violence Scale (GBV-Heal): An Instrument to Measure Recovery Progress in Women-Identifying Survivors." Global Qualitative Nursing Research 8 (January 2021): 233339362199667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333393621996679.
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Current literature has primarily equated gender-based violence recovery with an improvement of physical or mental health symptoms, causing a gap in our understanding of the impact of interventions beyond the amelioration of adverse symptomology. The purpose of this research was to create an instrument to holistically measure gender-based violence recovery based on survivor healing goals. Ethnographic interviews were conducted in women-identifying gender-based violence survivors (ages 18–76) to determine healing domains and develop items using survivor language ( n = 56). Focus groups with academic and community experts ( n = 12) and cognitive interviews with gender-based violence survivors ( n = 12) were conducted to ensure content and face validity, as well as to evaluate acceptability. This yielded a 31-item instrument to measure healing progress on a 5-point Likert scale. The Healing after Gender-based Violence Scale has the potential to highlight survivor strength and growth while more accurately measuring their recovery process based on survivor goals and desires.
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Izugbara, Chimaraoke, Stella Muthuri, Sheru Muuo, Carolyne Egesa, Giorgia Franchi, Alys Mcalpine, Loraine Bacchus, and Mazeda Hossain. "‘They Say Our Work Is Not Halal’: Experiences and Challenges of Refugee Community Workers Involved in Gender-based Violence Prevention and Care in Dadaab, Kenya." Journal of Refugee Studies 33, no. 3 (October 12, 2018): 521–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fey055.
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Abstract Notwithstanding the growing centrality of refugee community workers (RCWs) in the current response to gender-based violence (GBV) in the Dadaab refugee camps, they remain poorly studied. Using interview data, we explored the work-related experiences and challenges as well as GBV-related beliefs of RCWs. Whilst they demonstrated elevated knowledge of the forms and drivers of GBV in their community, some of the RCWs did not deem early marriage, female genital mutilation and wife-beating to be GBV acts. In their work, RCWs were motivated by compassion for survivors as well as a sense of community service, but they faced challenges such as insecurity; poor pay; opposition and violence by community members; tense relationships with and suspicion by professional providers; and limited skills and preparation in GBV management. RCWs’ GBV-related beliefs and work experiences underscore the challenges of programming in a complex humanitarian space and offer insights for strengthening their contribution in GBV care and service delivery.
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Molchanova, E. "Survivors of gender-based violence and role of official psychiatry in recovery process." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.354.
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Consequences of events in the Southern region of the Kyrgyz Republic continue to have impact on communities to the present day. One of the most significant is a number of undiagnosed cases of rapes and other types of gender-based violence (GBV), which happened during the events of 2010. Accurate prevalence rates of GBV cases is still unknown. According to official data of Ministry of Internal Affairs, there were only seven cases of rape, however, according to the crisis center reports, there were 325. Even more alarming, witnesses of the Osh events suggest one out of three women in Osh and Jalal-Abad were either raped or suffered from other types of GBV. Those acts included undressing and unveiling, and cutting women's hair to a shamelessly short length. Cultural stereotypes dictate women hide their ‘shame’, which is why only a small percentage of victims with PTSD symptoms that developed after GBV sought out services from professionals, such as from crisis centers, psychologists and psychiatrists and, of course, police. Author analyzed several cases of women raped during the Osh massacre and suffered from PTSD signs afterwards. The previous painful experience of GBV was uncovered during treatment. The problem is that mental heath care specialists are the last stop for applying for help. This paper analyses several ways of solving the problem, including creating a number of normative documents in collaboration with Ministry of Internal Affairs and Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
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Mokhtar, Hasnaa, and Tahani Chaudhry. "Becoming Allies: Introducing a Framework for Intersectional Allyship to Muslim Survivors of Gender-Based Violence." Journal of Islamic Faith and Practice 4, no. 1 (October 19, 2022): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/26545.
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Multiple social movements (e.g., Black Lives Matter, The Combahee River Collective, Musawah, and #MeToo) have highlighted the systems of oppression (e.g., racism, sexism, Islamophobia, and classism) in this country and globally that have targeted different marginalized groups. The traumatic experiences of gender-based violence (GBV) are compounded by the trauma of a long history of structural violence and the unique experiences of different social identities, including race, religion, and gender. One example in the Muslim American context is how Oyewuwo (2019) analyzes the unique experiences of Black Muslim women seeking help for GBV. Her work illustrates the ways in which these women, growing up in a system of oppression and injustice, shaped their response to GBV by creating patterns in which they endure violence and pain. As a South-Asian-American and an Arab-American researching GBV and working within the field, we ask: how do we, members of the Muslim community, become allies for Muslims experiencing GBV within the context of systematic oppression (in ways that prevent privileged groups from reproducing and maintaining patterns of inequality)?
In this paper, we aim to envision possibilities for our role as allies by looking into the intersection of Islamophobia, racism, sexism, and domestic violence within Muslim communities. We present a theoretical background to some of the existing literature on intersectionality and allyship and provide a framework to combine them. The resulting framework will build off existing social movements and apply these learnings to the context of GBV within the Muslim context. Finally, this framework gives community allies, including faith leaders, activists, and community members, a guideline on the role they play in this critical social issue.
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Robles, Lisette R. "Critical Roles of Refugee Leaders and Service Providers in the Gender-based Violence (GBV) Help-Seeking of Refugee Survivors." Journal of Humanitarian Affairs 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jha.086.
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Gender-based violence (GBV) is a complicated challenge embedded in displaced people’s lived experiences throughout the conflict displacement cycle. Despite the awareness of existing institutionalised help-seeking referral pathways, these do not necessarily translate to the full utilisation of such services. This paper examines the critical role of refugee leaders and service providers in potentially enabling and realising a GBV survivor’s help-seeking. By adapting a meso-level analysis, it attempts to explain how social networks built within conflict and displacement contribute to responding to GBV. Based on the review of collected interviews in 2019 from refugee leaders and service providers working with South Sudanese refugees in selected settlements in Uganda, the paper reflects on the importance of network, norms and trust in effectively responding to GBV in conditions of conflict-affected displacement.
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Nazareno, Elias, Ana Vidu, Guiomar Merodio, and Rosa Valls. "Men Tackling Isolating Gender Violence to Fight against Sexual Harassment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4 (February 9, 2022): 1924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19041924.
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Scientific literature has shown that both suffering gender-based violence and taking a stand against it could provoke severe retaliation from bystanders, including negative consequences on health. Together with some women, several men—defined as New Alternative Masculinities—have also contributed to fighting against sexual violence in several contexts, also suffering dramatic consequences, known as Isolating Gender Violence (IGV). This article fills the gap on inquiring how men suffering IGV due to intervening in supporting survivors has affected the men’s health. Six in-depth interviews were conducted with men from different contexts and countries and men of different social profiles. The findings reveal how men’s health is better protected when they build networks of support while overcoming the fear of retaliation in achieving to empower direct survivors. In addition, the results recognize men as crucial actors in the struggle against GBV and overcoming IGV, as women potentially do. This may inspire other men to intervene and break the silence regarding GBV in societies and institutions, as it shows that men and women together are needed to fight against GBV.
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Sapire, Rachel, Jennifer Ostrowski, Malia Maier, Goleen Samari, Clarisa Bencomo, and Terry McGovern. "COVID-19 and gender-based violence service provision in the United States." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (February 16, 2022): e0263970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263970.
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Introduction Gender-based violence (GBV) policies and services in the United States (U.S.) have historically been underfunded and siloed from other health services. Soon after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, reports emerged noting increases in GBV and disruption of health services but few studies have empirically investigated these impacts. This study examines how the existing GBV funding and policy landscape, COVID-19, and resulting state policies in the first six months of the pandemic affect GBV health service provision in the U.S. Methods This is a mixed method study consisting of 1) an analysis of state-by-state emergency response policies review; 2) a quantitative analysis of a survey of U.S.-based GBV service providers (N = 77); and 3) a qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews with U.S.-based GBV service providers (N = 11). Respondents spanned a range of organization types, populations served, and states. Results Twenty-one states enacted protections for GBV survivors and five states included explicit exemptions from non-essential business closures for GBV service providers. Through the surveys and interviews, GBV service providers note three major themes on COVID-19’s impact on GBV services: reductions in GBV service provision and quality and increased workload, shifts in service utilization, and funding impacts. Findings also indicate GBV inequities were exacerbated for historically underserved groups. Discussion The noted disruptions on GBV services from the COVID-19 pandemic overlaid long-term policy and funding limitations that left service providers unprepared for the challenges posed by the pandemic. Future policies, in emergency and non-emergency contexts, should recognize GBV as essential care and ensure comprehensive services for clients, particularly members of historically underserved groups.
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Pertek, Sandra Iman. "“God Helped Us”: Resilience, Religion and Experiences of Gender-Based Violence and Trafficking among African Forced Migrant Women." Social Sciences 11, no. 5 (May 4, 2022): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11050201.
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In this article, I explore how faith and religion shaped the resilience of forced migrant women subjected to intersecting gender-based violence (GBV) and trafficking. Adopting a social constructivist perspective, I draw upon interviews with 11 Christian and 4 Muslim displaced survivors of 10 African nationalities temporarily residing in Tunisia. I first outline the experiences of intersecting violence to understand what displaced survivors were resilient to, and then describe faith pathways to resilience, sometimes with spiritual struggles and unmet religious needs. I delineate ways in which personal prayers and cooperating with God enabled all but one survivor to cope with exploitation and perilous journeys toward imagined refuge. I offer insights for practitioners working with forced migrants on the move and highlight the importance of spiritual support for displaced survivors who are religious. I discuss the findings and offer implications for future research and practice.
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Muperere, Sibusisiwe B., Albert Makochekanwa, Stanzia Moyo, and Marvellous Mhloyi. "Contraceptive Use among Gender Based Violence Survivors: The Case of Matabeleland South, Zimbabwe." Shanlax International Journal of Economics 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v10i1.4444.
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Zimbabwe’s contraceptive utilisation has improved significantly, but this progress is not uniform across all its provinces. Matabeleland South in particular, is one province with the lowest contraceptive prevalence, against a background of significantly high spousal violence. This study sought to investigate modern contraceptive prevalence among GBV survivors in rural Matabeleland South. The study used cross-sectional data collected from 130 female survivors of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) from Bulilima and Umzingwane districts in Matabeleland South. The study found the modern contraceptive prevalence to be 56%, with the most commonly reported contraceptive method being the oral pill, followed by injectables and implants, condoms, and lastly, female sterilisation. The study also found that education, age, and level of health care access had a positive association with contraceptive use, whilst age difference with a partner and marital status had a negative association with contraceptive use. Overall, the study indicates that contraceptive utilisation is still low amongst GBV survivors in Matabeleland South. Programming aimed at improving contraceptive use should therefore emphasize increasing education among young women to raise awareness on the benefits of using contraceptives, as well as involving spouses of survivors in programming to facilitate rapid adoption of contraceptives.
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Atkinson, Kym, and Kay E. Standing. "Changing the Culture? A Feminist Academic Activist Critique." Violence Against Women 25, no. 11 (August 4, 2019): 1331–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801219844609.
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The Universities UK (UUK) Taskforce report, Changing the Culture, has been seen as a turning point in U.K. universities’ responses to gender-based violence (GBV). Institutional changes have occurred as a response to grassroots feminist activism and resistance to GBV, focusing on sexual violence, harassment, and “lad culture” in universities. This article will argue that the neoliberal marketization of higher education, concurrent with the persistence of misogyny and patriarchy, creates an environment where GBV is normalized, and feminist voices are marginalized and silenced. Interviews with academics show support for victims/survivors on campus often falls to particular academic staff. When initiatives for change, led by institutional management, are limited to protecting the “reputation” of the university, it furthermore falls on academics to challenge not only GBV, but also the reactive and uncritical responses offered by institutions. We contend that national, institutional, and individual responses to GBV must consider the meaning of “cultural change” beyond policy reform, zero tolerance campaigns, and condemnation of GBV. Attempts to enact true cultural change must analyze the broader issue of sexism, its intersections with further structural issues, and the ways in which this plays out within the neoliberal institution to the detriment of students and staff.
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Wijegunasekara, JLHR, and KDP Wijesinghe. "Health Sector Interventions to address Gender Based Violence: in Sri Lanka." Journal of Medical Research 6, no. 5 (October 28, 2020): 246–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jmr.2020.6515.
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Gender Based Violence (GBV) is a common form of violence globally and includes physical, sexual, emotional and economic violence. GBV has serious consequences for women’s health and well-being and takes a high national cost for the treatment and rehabilitation. Prevalence of GBV is usually underestimated. GBV is addressed globally using good practices in justice, health, education and multi- sector. Health sector is in a valuable position to support survivors and change social attitudes. Interventions taken in the health sector should be targeted at all three levels; primary prevention, secondary prevention and tertiary prevention. There are different models used in health care settings in different countries. “Mithuru Piyasa (in Sinhalese) / Natpu Nilayam (in Tamil)” which is staffed with a medical officer and a nursing officer was introduced in Sri Lanka as a “One Stop Crisis Centre/One Stop Service Centre” for survivors within the health institutions. Its main functions are screening, medical care, befriending services, risk assessment and safety planning, referral to legal, social, counseling and rehabilitation services, advocacy and community mobilization. Services are provided adhering to its guiding principles of safety, confidentiality, respect, non - discrimination, responsibility, competence and compassion. Documentation, Information management, progress review and evaluation are carried out for the sustainability of the service. Still this opportunity is not fully utilized. Service provision is not uniform in quality, coverage, equity, efficiency and effectiveness. Administrators are expected to develop their interest and pay their attention with priority, in supporting the functioning of these centres established under outpatient department by proper operation, expanding country wide and marketing.
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Pathiraja, Dasuni Yahanika, Ramya Priyanwada Pathiraja, Lakshmen Senanayake, Rukshani Mayawanthi Edirisinghe, and Nethanjalie Mapitigama. "Gender-based violence: Experiences from two tertiary care settings in Sri Lanka." F1000Research 9 (April 17, 2020): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.23120.1.
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Background: This study aimed to obtain an overview of survivors of gender-based violence GBV who seek care, different types and consequences of (GBV), their modes of referral, factors associated with GBV, characteristics of the perpetrators, health-seeking behavior of the care-seekers and the service provided by GBV Care Centers in two tertiary care settings Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2017 to December 2019 at two GBV care centers in a Women’s Hospital and a General Hospital in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Sociodemographic details of care-seekers, referral methods, types of violence experienced and their consequences, factors associated with GBV, characteristics of the perpetrator, health seeking behavior of those seeking care, and the services provided, were obtained from the hospital records. Results: Records from all care seekers (n=495 women, no men) were obtained, and 488 were suitable for analysis. More women presented with GBV to the Women’s Hospital compared to the General Hospital (395 vs 93, p<0.001), and there were significant differences in modes of referral between the two hospitals. A large majority had suffered emotional and economic violence, although physical or sexual violence were the reasons for referral to the centers. Suicidal tendencies had been reported by 20%. In 94.2% of cases the husband, lover or partner was the perpetrator. Physical violence was more likely in married women, those who did not report a stable relationship, and in those who were employed. Of the 488 women, 37% were pregnant at the time of violence. Most of the women had confided with another female about the violence. Less than 5% came for follow-up. Conclusions: GBV care services should be offered in all hospitals, especially those providing maternity and gynaecological care. Emotional and economic violence are common but often overlooked. There is a need to increase public awareness about GBV.
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Koutra, Kleio, Courtney Burns, Laura Sinko, Sachiko Kita, Hülya Bilgin, and Denise Saint Arnault. "Trauma Recovery Rubric: A Mixed-Method Analysis of Trauma Recovery Pathways in Four Countries." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 19, 2022): 10310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610310.
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Research is beginning to examine gender-based violence (GBV) survivors’ recovery, but little is known about diverse recovery trajectories or their relationships with other distress and recovery variables. This interdisciplinary, international multisite mixed-method study developed and used the TRR to identify and classify survivors’ trauma pathways. This study describes the phases of the initial development of the preliminary TRR (Phase 1), refines and calibrates the TRR (Phase 2), and then integrates the TRR into quantitative data from four countries (Phase 3). Seven recovery pathways with six domains emerged: normalizing, minimizing, consumed/trapped; shutdown or frozen, surviving, seeking and fighting for integration; finding integration/equanimity. Depression scores were related to most recovery domains, and TRR scores had large effect sizes. At the same time, PTSD was not statistically related to TRR scores, but TRR had a medium effect size. Our study found that the TRR can be implemented in diverse cultural settings and promises a reliable cross-cultural tool. The TRR is a survivor-centered, trauma-informed way to understand different survivorship pathways and how different pathways impact health outcomes. Overall, this rubric provides a foundation for future study on differences in survivor healing and the drivers of these differences. This tool can potentially improve survivor care delivery and our understanding of how to meet best the needs of the survivor populations we intend to serve.
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Abubeker, Ferhan, Yadeta Dessie, Nega Assefa, Ayele Geleto, Kristina Adorjan, and Tilahun Abdeta. "Prevalence and Associated Factors of Gender-Based Violence Among Female Students Attending Private Colleges in Harar Town, Eastern Ethiopia." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 58 (January 2021): 004695802110471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00469580211047197.
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The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of gender-based violence (GBV) among second- and third-year female students of private colleges in Harar town, eastern Ethiopia . We conducted an institution-based cross-sectional study among 302 randomly selected second- and third-year female students attending private colleges in Harar town. We used descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence interval and a P value < .05 were used to interpret associations and to declare a significance of asso ciation, respectively. A total of 298 (98.7%) participants completed the questionnaire, and the overall prevalence of GBV was 57.7% (n = 172). Specifically, 36.2% of the students experienced physical violence; 46.6%, sexual violence; and 56.4%, emotional/verbal violence. The prevalence of attempted and completed rape was 36.7 and 28.8%, respectively. The following were significant predictors of GBV: age ≤ 19 years (AOR = 3.4; 95% CI, 1.4–5.3), monthly pocket money ≤ 240 Ethiopian Birr (AOR = 3.3; 95% CI, 1.7–5.9), Orthodox religion (AOR = 5.3; 95% CI, 1.9–14.4), Amhara ethnicity (AOR = 2.3; 95% CI, 1.65–4.2), living alone in a rented house (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI, 1.79–6.25), having a partner (husband or boyfriend; AOR = 4.42; 95% CI, 2.4–8.05), having a roommate with a boyfriend (AOR = 4; 95% CI, 2.8–7.6), and studying in the pharmacy department (AOR = 3.0; 95% CI, 1.1–7.6). This study found that a considerable number of female students were survivors of GBV while at college. The college authorities and other stakeholders need to combat GBV with interventions, such as GBV awareness programs, and legal protections.
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Chukwu H.C, Uro, Uro Chukwu H.C, Uro Chukwu H.C, U. O. Anyanwu,, U. O. Anyanwu,, and U. O. Anyanwu,. "Common Clinical Presentations of GBV Survivors Seen Between 2020-2022 at a GBV Clinic in a Tertiary Care Referral Facility in South East Nigeria." Journal of Woman's Reproductive Health 2, no. 4 (October 17, 2022): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2381-862x.jwrh-22-4228.
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Background Gender based violence (GBV) refers to any violence targeted at an individual or group on the basis of their gender. It could occur in different forms with several clinical manifestations. The authors have described several clinical manifestations of GBV in a tertiary health centre, knowledge of which would help in case identification and early clinical management. Methods Retrospective descriptive study of all clients seen at a gbv clinic over a sixteen months period.Data was obtained from case records and clinical presentations were entered into excel. Data analysis was done usingIBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 25. The results were presented in frequency tables and graphs Results Of 86 clients studied, 56(65.1%) were of pediatric age (< 18years) while 30(34.9%) were adults with a mean age of 18.33+11.64(range 1-64years).72(82.6%) belonged to the low social class. Physical abuse in the forms of battering, human bite, walking and sitting disturbances, hearing loss possibly from slapping or hitting and red eye possibly from trauma on the eye, constituted 37.6% of the clinical presentations. Other presentations were; sexual abuse in the form of forced sex which constituted 34.9%, while gynaecological / obstetrics presentations in the forms of bleeding per vagina, pregnancy due to forced sex and vaginal pain made up 13.9%. Emotional/psychological abuse was observed in all clients irrespective of their different presenting complaints. Conclusion While various forms of physical abuse were common, emotional abuse was present in all clients but masked probably due to prioritization of physical injuries. Therefore we recommend that all GBV survivors be screened for psycholocal abuse and psychotherapy given.
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Siziba, Emmanuel, Jephias Mapuva, John Bowora, Tendai Samukange, and Manford Gomo. "In their own voices- understanding GBV in Zimbabwe: Evidence from a survivors perspective." Journal of African Studies and Development 14, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jasd2022.0665.
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Okoro, Sandie. "Friday Keynote: Seen and not Heard." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 111 (2017): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2017.161.
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Gender-based Violence (GBV) is costly, from a human, psychological, and economic point of view. It is estimated to represent worldwide a loss equivalent to Canada's GDP (1.5 trillion dollars). This loss is seen but not heard. GBV has taken the lives of over 200 million women worldwide, comparable in number to the population of Brazil, Pakistan, or Nigeria. GBV has destroyed the lives of millions of women and girls, who are survivors of this everyday violence. In this respect, GBV again is seen but not heard. In this speech Sandie Okoro, the General Counsel of the World Bank, reflected on her personal experience as a female international lawyer and on her journey toward achieving recognition and leadership in her field. She presented the life stories of courageous and inspirational women on every continent who have suffered extreme violence, yet who have persevered and fought ferociously for the rights of other women who suffer a similar plight. The focus was on women who have employed their efforts toward shaping and influencing the direction of international law and national jurisprudence so they can be seen and heard. Sandie's speech also homed in on the fragmentation that exists with respect to women's rights, both in terms of enforcement and implementation. She illustrated the fact that even in instances where laws tackling GBV or gender inequality exist, in certain contexts there are still severe gaps in their application. It is indisputable that the agenda to combat GBV is of paramount importance. Yet the question remains as to what our individual and collective roles in this regard ought to be. It is incumbent upon us, the legal community at large, to ensure that it is both seen and heard from this point on.
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M., Aby Mathews, Rohini N. Kathavate, Abhishek S. Bendale, and Disha Kumar. "Perceptions of dental healthcare providers about gender based violence in Maharashtra, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 2 (January 25, 2017): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20170064.
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Background: To assess the level of knowledge and preparedness that the dental practitioners of Maharashtra, India posses in terms of identifying, analyzing, treating and supporting a potential victim of gender based violence (GBV). This study also aims to analyse the present level of confidence the dental fraternity has in the educational, legal and law enforcement systems of India in terms of dealing with GBV issues.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study involving an anonymous electronic survey of a sample of 156 dental practitioners practicing in Maharashtra India. The survey was designed with two sections. The first section of the survey was designed to collect the demographic data of the respondents and information about their professional background. The second section comprised of 20 questions analysing the respondents level of understanding of the concept of GBV, their familiarity with GBV in practice, their opinion of current education and legal system concerning to GBV issue and their intent to further study in the subject.Results: The response rate was 75.6% and 118 responses were received. Out of the 118 responses, 17 were incomplete and were excluded from the study. Thus only 101 responses were used for analysis. More than 35% of the respondents were aware of the concept of GBV where as almost 20% were completely new to the subject. More than 75% agreed that GBV affects both genders and affects primarily females. More than 80% responded that the victims generally do not tend to disclose who abused them. Majority agreed on the fact that the victims tend to confide with their family and friends other than any other option when affected by GBV. 50% of respondents were confident that they could handle a case of GBV in their clinic effectively. 72.7% responded that they were not aware of the Guidelines & Protocols, Medico-legal care for survivors/ victims of sexual violence, Ministry of health and family welfare, Government of India. More than 40% logged an increase in understanding of GBV after reading the snapshot of Guidelines & Protocols provided with the survey and expressed interest to learn more. 64.6% noted that they were not properly equipped for handling a GBV case but hope to do better with proper trainings. Regarding the present legal system, 54.3% of the respondents categorised it as mature but non-prompt. More than 80% agreed that there should be incorporation of modules on GBV in the academic curriculum and 96% logged interest in having more information on GBV sent to them.Conclusions: Even though there was a consensus among the respondents that females were the primary victims of gender based violence, the study showed that there is only moderate awareness regarding Gender Based Violence amongst the dental practitioners in the state of Maharashtra. Even though a majority of the respondents were not aware of the proper guidelines and protocols for handling a case of GBV, a little over 50% were convinced that they would be able to handle a case of GBV in their practice. A need to update the curriculum and provide the currently practicing dentists with proper training was also identified.
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Merino, Gina Alvarado, Jennifer Mueller, Lila O’Brien-Milne, Khalida Ghaus, Nata Duvvury, and Stacey Scriver. "The Social Costs of Violence Against Women and Girls on Survivors, their Families and Communities in Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Women's Studies: Alam-e-Niswan 26, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46521/pjws.026.01.0013.
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Past research on gender-based violence (GBV) in Pakistan discusses intimate partner violence (IPV) and non-partner sexual violence (NPSV) but lacks a comprehensive analysis of violence against women and girls (VAWG) and its wider costs and impacts. Our study on the social costs of VAWG aims to fill this gap. Through in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) in rural and urban Pakistan, we explore the types of VAWG that manifest in communities and examine the negative impacts these have on survivors, their families and communities. Our findings reveal that, in addition to the mental health impacts of VAWG on survivors (such as anxiety and suicidal ideation exacerbated by stigma and isolation), a number of social and economic impacts are borne by survivors as well as their relatives and communities. Social norms and institutions that condone and reproduce gender inequity contribute to the acceptance and normalization of VAWG. Lack of service provision and shelter for survivors and social stigma around seeking help heightens the impacts faced by survivors, their families and their communities.
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Abji, Salina, and Anna C. Korteweg. "“HONOUR”- BASED VIOLENCE AND THE POLITICS OF CULTURE IN CANADA: ADVANCING A CULTURAL ANALYSIS OF MULTI-SCALAR VIOLENCE." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 12, no. 1 (March 12, 2021): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs121202120084.
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Since 2015, in Canada, political discourse on “honour”-based violence has shifted away from highly problematic understandings of “culture” as the cause of violence among racialized, Muslim, and immigrant communities. Instead, talk of culture has dropped out of the equation altogether in favour of more structural definitions of gender-based violence (GBV). In this article, we ask what gets lost when culture is not taken into account when talking about or trying to understand forms of GBV. Drawing from theoretical conceptualizations of culture — defined as “situated practices of meaning-making” that shape all experiences of violence, and societal responses to violence — we argue for a multiscalar approach to culture. To illustrate this framework, we first offer a critical analysis of Aruna Papp’s 2012 memoir Unworthy Creature as an exemplar of stigmatizing uses of culture and a key text promoted by the Conservative federal government at the time. We then turn to interviews we conducted with service providers serving South Asian survivors of GBV in Toronto from 2011 to 2013. Our analysis illustrates how to talk about culture as a key ingredient shaping multiscalar violence, regardless of whether that violence occurs in majority or minority communities. We conclude with three policy implications for addressing HBV moving forward.
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Bress, Joshua, Givano Kashemwa, Christine Amisi, Jean Armas, Cindy McWhorter, Theodore Ruel, Arthur J. Ammann, Denis Mukwege, and Lisa M. Butler. "Delivering integrated care after sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." BMJ Global Health 4, no. 1 (February 2019): e001120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001120.
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In the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, ongoing armed conflict increases the incidence of gender-based violence (GBV) and presents a distinct and major barrier to care delivery for all survivors of GBV. A specific challenge is providing emergency contraception, HIV prophylaxis and treatment for sexually transmitted infections to all survivors within 72 hours of violence. To address the multiple barriers to providing this time-sensitive medical care, Global Strategies and Panzi Hospital implemented the Prevention Pack Program. The Prevention Pack is a pre-packaged post-rape medical kit containing antiretroviral post-exposure prophylaxis, antibiotics for treatment of sexually transmitted infections and emergency contraception. The Prevention Pack Program combines community sensitisation about post-rape medical care with the provision of Prevention Packs and the implementation of a cloud-based and Global Positioning System (GPS)–enabled inventory management system. The Panzi Hospital gender-based violence team implemented the Prevention Pack Program at Panzi Hospital and 12 rural clinics in the South Kivu Province. The data manager took GPS coordinates of each site, provided an initial stock of Prevention Packs and then called all sites daily to determine demand for post-rape care and Prevention Pack consumption. Inventory data were entered into the GPS-enabled cloud-based inventory management system. Project personnel used the consumption rate, trends and geolocation of sites to guide Prevention Pack restocking strategy. Between 2013 and 2017, a total of 8206 individuals presented for care following rape at the study sites. Of the 1414 individuals who presented in the rural areas, 1211 (85.6%) did so within the first 72 hours of reported rape. Care was delivered continuously and without a single stockout of medication across all sites. The Prevention Pack Program provided timely and consistent access to emergency contraception, HIV prophylaxis and treatment for sexually transmitted infections for rape survivors in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Moriarty, Jess, and Mel Parks. "Storying Autobiographical Experiences with Gender-Based Violence." Journal of Autoethnography 3, no. 2 (2022): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/joae.2022.3.2.129.
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In earlier work1 collaborative autoethnography was identified as a viable methodology for researching stories that drew on lived experiences with domestic abuse. Collaborative autoethnography offers a method of working with women outside of academia who have experienced gender-based violence (GBV) and including them as co-researchers whose writings can and should be valued as academic research. In this article, also a collaborative autoethnography, the authors explore methods for storying autobiographical experiences of GBV as a potential way of reclaiming stories whilst navigating the legal, ethical, and moral dilemmas sometimes associated with autobiographical writing that might help to make these stories less difficult to write, and also read, avoiding stereotypes that have led to critique around battle-weary narratives of GBV2 and bad romance tropes.3 The authors argue that evocative texts drawing on lived experiences but layering the real with the imaginary, the remembered with the fictitious, can be more accessible to read and write. Cook and Fonow4 argue that feminist work is often creative and spontaneous, and this article will detail writing methods that were shared by the authors in creative workshops with survivors of GBV as part of a project funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC).5 They also share examples of their own stories that have been inspired by this approach as well as the challenges and motivations of working in this way.
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García Montes, Rebeca, Inmaculada Corral Liria, Raquel Jimenez Fernandez, Rocío Rodriguez Vázquez, Ricardo Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo, and Marta Losa Iglesias. "Personal Tools and Psychosocial Resources of Resilient Gender-Based Violence Women." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 5, 2021): 8306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168306.
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Gender-based violence is considered a serious social and public health problem. Overcoming this situation implies a process that results in the favorable biopsychosocial rehabilitation of the resilience of women. The objective of this study was to analyze the tools, resources and personal and psychosocial mechanisms used by women survivors of gender-based violence. The design was an interpretative phenomenology. It was carried out with 22 women who have overcome gender-based violence. Data were collected through personal interviews and narration. The results were grouped into four themes: “Process of violence”, “Social resources for coping and overcoming GBV”, “Personal tools for coping and overcoming GBV” and “Feelings identified, from the abuse stage to the survival stage”. Several studies concluded that overcoming abuse is influenced by the women’s social network, and it can be the action of these people determining their survival to gender violence. Despite the recognized usefulness of these available resources, it would be desirable to strengthen them in order to be able to drive more women toward survival, assuming a strengthening of coping and overcoming, without forgetting the importance of other support mechanisms, such as their family and group therapies.
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Portokaloglou, Thaleia. "Transplanting the Soul-Tree: An Analytical Perspective on how the Sesame Approach and Movement with Touch and Sound Became the Fertile Soil for the Psychological Support and Therapy for Refugee Women." Dramatherapy 39, no. 2 (July 2018): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02630672.2018.1482937.
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This case study explores how the Sesame approach and specifically Marian Lindkvist's ‘Movement with Touch and Sound’ (MTS) became the fertile soil for the psychological support and healing of refugee women in an innovative community centre in Athens. Expression through movement, ritual, imagination and play created the fine line of working obliquely yet deeply with severely traumatised women, most of whom were survivors of gender-based violence (GBV). The archetypal image of the tree, which develops new roots after the so called ‘transplant shock’, is a guiding metaphor that emerged through the therapeutic process and held an enormous significance as a representative unconscious image of the women's inner and outer journey of transformation.
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Sartini, Ilaria. "The Sociocultural Dimensions of Gender-Based Violence in Afro-Mexican Communities in the Coastal Region of Oaxaca, Mexico." Social Sciences 11, no. 5 (April 24, 2022): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11050188.
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In Mexico, as part of the historical and political context, race heavily influences a person’s opportunities. Moreover, the data refer to a scenario of normalized gender-based violence caused by sociocultural practices, the lack of application of the laws, and structural discrimination. Given this precedent, the purpose of this study is to analyze the social and physical dimensions of gender-based violence in an Afro-Mexican community in the south of Mexico. The techniques used to gather data for this study consist of a variety of styles of interviews with a group of Afro-Mexican women from the Costa Chica of Oaxaca, who are survivors of gender-based violence, and participant observation obtained through conducting ethnographic fieldwork in Oaxaca. The social phenomena of emigration and alcohol and drug consumption, in combination with the cultural dimensions of the machista practices in this region of Mexico, are the material and immaterial spaces where GBV is produced and reproduced daily. An intersectional perspective of the context can be helpful when collecting data for effective and well-grounded public policies and intervention projects established on a feminist and women-centered perspective.
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Sartini, Ilaria. "The Sociocultural Dimensions of Gender-Based Violence in Afro-Mexican Communities in the Coastal Region of Oaxaca, Mexico." Social Sciences 11, no. 5 (April 24, 2022): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11050188.
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In Mexico, as part of the historical and political context, race heavily influences a person’s opportunities. Moreover, the data refer to a scenario of normalized gender-based violence caused by sociocultural practices, the lack of application of the laws, and structural discrimination. Given this precedent, the purpose of this study is to analyze the social and physical dimensions of gender-based violence in an Afro-Mexican community in the south of Mexico. The techniques used to gather data for this study consist of a variety of styles of interviews with a group of Afro-Mexican women from the Costa Chica of Oaxaca, who are survivors of gender-based violence, and participant observation obtained through conducting ethnographic fieldwork in Oaxaca. The social phenomena of emigration and alcohol and drug consumption, in combination with the cultural dimensions of the machista practices in this region of Mexico, are the material and immaterial spaces where GBV is produced and reproduced daily. An intersectional perspective of the context can be helpful when collecting data for effective and well-grounded public policies and intervention projects established on a feminist and women-centered perspective.
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McGee, Bonita R., and Shaina Ayers. "Field Notes: Reflections on Addressing Domestic Violence in American Muslim Communities." Journal of Islamic Faith and Practice 4, no. 1 (October 19, 2022): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/26555.
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Islam views the family as the cornerstone of society (Alwani 2007). Unfortunately, American Muslim families face challenges to their strength and foundational role in society as the social malaise that touches the larger society, such as violence and abuse, are present in their communities. Domestic violence (DV), also described as Intimate Partner Violence (IPV), gender-based violence (GBV), or family violence (FV), impacts families and communities regardless of race, class, socio-economic status, education, or religious affiliation. Muslim communities in the US have increasingly acknowledged and addressed the issue over the last twenty-plus years. Authors McGee and Ayers engaged community advocates, professionals, and imams to explore their entry into DV awareness work and reflections from the field regarding the progress observed during their respective tenures. The authors will provide a profile of the participant cohort and then describe their responses to a collection of prompts and inquiries, thereby highlighting their views on community support as well as those promising and best practices used by communities to raise awareness and support DV survivors, and share their recommendations and vision for the work’s future. Finally, the authors will provide some final thoughts and recommendations.
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Yagi, Ines, Judith Malette, Timothee Mwindo, and Buuma Maisha. "Characteristics and Impacts of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence against Men in the DRC: A Phenomenological Research Design." Social Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 20, 2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11020034.
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There is increased evidence of the existence of sexual violence against men and boys in many war-stricken areas. Yet, there are still discrepancies in understanding male victims’ experience in depth. Furthermore, limited research on sexual violence against men in the context of the war in the Eastern Region of the Congo has been undertaken to date. As part of addressing this knowledge gap, a phenomenological study was conducted to shed light and understand the experience of male survivors of sexual violence. The participants were males who experienced sexual violence in the war. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted. The findings show that participants experienced a wide range of psychological and physical wounds other than rape. Their experience during the event (s) falls under the umbrella term gender-based violence (GBV) which encompasses other forms of harmful acts against one’s will including sexual assault, genital mutilation, acts of penetration with different objects, and cultural inappropriate actions with intention to sexually harass and humiliate. The results show a wide and complex range of short and long-term impact on multiple levels. The findings add clarification and understanding to the controversial and taboo subject around conflict-related sexual violence against men in the Congo. They shed light on how the understanding of gender impacts participants’ masculine identity, their sexual victimization experience, and healing journey.
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Quant, E. C., M. Silver, S. Yip, P. Ryg, K. Provencher, K. McCormack, D. N. Louis, R. Betensky, C. Nutt, and T. T. Batchelor. "Case-control study of long-term survivors of glioblastoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e13021-e13021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e13021.
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e13021 Background: Survival of patients with glioblastoma (GBM) remains poor. However, a small percentage of GBM patients live ≥ 3 years. Relatively little is known about the patterns of care and outcomes of these long term survivors relative to GBM patients with standard or short-term survival. Methods: Nested case-control study of long term survivors (≥ 36 months), short term survivors (≤ 6 months) and standard survivors (> 6 months but < 36 months). Pathology was confirmed in all study subjects by a single neuropathologist. Each long term survivor (LTS) was matched to a short term survivor (STS) and 3 standard survivors (SS) by the well-established prognostic factors, age and postoperative Karnofsky Performance Status. Clinical characteristics, treatment regimens and outcomes were reviewed. Conditional logistic regression models were used to assess potential associations between baseline factors and the probability of long or short term survival. Results: Matching yielded 23 LTS with 23 STS and 69 SS. Patient characteristics are summarized in the table below. Conclusions: Controlling for the well-established prognostic factors of age and performance status, long-term GBM survivors differed significantly from short-term GBM survivors based on tumor location and extent of resection. However, there were no significant differences in baseline factors between long-term survivors versus standard survivors in this analysis. Short-term GBM survivors differed from standard survivors by tumor location and extent of resection. Molecular factors are being assessed in these groups as potential contributors to these survival differences. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Noor, Dr Usher. "DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN THE URBAN INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS OF NAIROBI A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW." Journal of Gender Related Studies 3, no. 1 (July 6, 2022): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jgrs.908.
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Purpose: Violence against women is one of the most widespread problems facing Kenyan women today. The central problem of this study is the way women react to domestic violence and in particular why they do not seek redress through the available channels. Whilst women are particularly affected by domestic violence, they are also the primary victims of rape or sexual attacks by strangers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of domestic violence against women in urban informal settlements of Nairobi and why the women do not seek any redress.
Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.
Findings: Though GBV is a well-known vice that pervades all social strata all over the world, most women suffer in silence. This is mainly due to cultural beliefs, poverty, lack of resources or weak and unsupportive community structures, discriminatory laws governing marriage and divorce, social stigma, their economic dependency on men as well as their ignorance of their rights. Due to their low levels of education, most women believe that their husbands have a right to beat them. They do not know that they have available options, which can save them from abusive relationships.
Unique Contribution to Theory and Practice: When developing and putting up interventions to help survivors of gender-based violence, these interventions should be designed in partnership with the women they are intended to benefit
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Wanjiru, Quinn. "CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE. A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW." Journal of Gender Related Studies 2, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jgrs.742.
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This article assesses the causes and effects of gender-based violence. Gender-Based violence refers to harmful acts directed at an individual based on their gender. Gender-based violence can include sexual, physical, mental and economic harm inflicted in public or in private. It also includes threats of violence, coercion and manipulation. This can take many forms such as intimate partner violence, sexual violence, child marriage, female genital mutilation and so-called ‘honour crimes. The consequences of gender-based violence are devastating and can have life-long repercussions for survivors. It can even lead to death. The methodological approach for these articles is based on qualitative research methods of previous articles. The learned helplessness theory and the social learning theory were used to expound more on the gender-based violence. Ten articles were reviewed using the content analysis method. The results revealed that lack of physical security, poverty, discriminatory social, cultural laws, norms and practices are some of the major causes of gender-based violence. Gender-based violence has effects such as homicide and suicide, injury and shock, disability and sleeping disorders, reproduction problems, emotional and psychological problems and social and economic problems such as increased gender inequalities. The study recommends the government should create facilities that help women experiencing Gender Based Violence such as counselling centers, funds that will help victims get rehabilitated. Government should invest in institutions like Police and the judiciary so that victims are assisted. The community should also establish community social structures such as community groups of both men and women provide a sensitization platform for people to share experiences related GBV and remedies so as to solicit support from fellow community members.
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van der Meulen, Matthijs, Ronald Ramos, Mathew Voisin, Vikas Patil, Qingxia Wei, Olivia Singh, Seth Climans, et al. "PATH-28. DIFFERENCES IN METHYLATION PROFILES BETWEEN LONG-TERM SURVIVORS AND SHORT-TERM SURVIVORS OF IDH WILD-TYPE GLIOBLASTOMA." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_7 (November 1, 2022): vii156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac209.601.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION Patients with glioblastomas (GBM) have an overall survival (OS) of approximately 15 months. However, approximately 5% of patients survive much longer, with an OS of > 5 years. This study examines the differences in methylation profiles between long-term survivors ( > 5 years, LTS) and short-term survivors (< 1 year, STS) with an isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type GBM. METHODS In a multicenter retrospective analysis, we identified 25 long-term survivors with a histologically confirmed GBM. These were age and sex-matched to a short-term survivor. The methylation profiles of all 50 samples were analyzed with EPIC 850k, classified according to the DKFZ methylation classifier, and the methylation profiles of all IDH wild-type LTS vs STS were compared. RESULTS After methylation profiling, 16/25 LTS and 23/25 STS were confirmed to be IDH wild-type GBMs, all with copy number gains of chromosome 7 and loss of chromosome 10. There were no significant differences between tumour purity or GBM subtype between LTS and STS. LTS had significantly increased MGMT promoter methylation (p = 0.01), and higher FGFR3-TACC3 (p = 0.03), compared to STS. STS had significantly more often a CDKN2A/B loss (p = 0.01) and higher levels of NF1 (p = 0.02), compared to LTS. There were no significant CpGs identified between LTS vs STS at an adjusted p-value of 0.05. Unadjusted analyses identified key pathways and biological processes involved in both LTS and STS. The top pathway in LTS was the Hippo signaling pathway and the Wnt pathway. The top pathway in STS was GPCR ligand binding and cell-cell signaling. CONCLUSION A small group of patients with IDH wild-type GBM survive more than 5 years. While there are few differences in the global methylation profiles of long-term survivors compared to short-term survivors, our study highlights potential pathways involved in aggressive and senescent GBMs.
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Kalya, M. P., T. Beisbarth, and A. Kel. "Master regulators associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma multiforme." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 67, no. 3 (2021): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20216703201.
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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant brain tumor with average survival time of 15 months. Less than 2% of the patients survive beyond 36 months. To understand the molecular mechanism responsible for poor prognosis, we analyzed GBM samples of TCGA microarray (n=560) data. We have identified 720 genes that have a significant impact upon survival based on univariate cox regression. We applied the Genome Enhancer pipeline to analyze potential mechanisms of regulation of activity of these genes and to build gene regulatory networks. We identified 12 transcription factors enriched in the promoters of these genes including the key molecule of GBM – STAT3. We found that STAT3 had significant differential expression across extreme survivor groups (short-term survivors– survival 36 months) and also had a significant impact on survival. In the next step, we identified master regulators in the signal transduction network that regulate the activity of these transcription factors. Master regulators are filtered based on their differential expression across extreme survivors groups and impact on survival. This work validates our earlier report on master regulators IGFBP2, PDGFA, OSMR, and AEBP1 driving short survival. Additionally, we propose CD14, CD44, DUSP6, GRB10, IL1RAP, FGFR3, and POSTN as master regulators driving poor survival. These master regulators are proposed as promising therapeutic targets to counter poor prognosis in GBM. Finally, the algorithm has prioritized several drugs for the further study as potential remedies to conquer the aggressive forms of GBM and to extend survival of the patients.
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Xu, PengFei, and ZhongPing Chen. "BIOM-62. INTEGRATED GENOMIC PROfiLING OF LONG-TERM GLIOBLASTOMA SURVIVORS." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_7 (November 1, 2022): vii19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac209.072.
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Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal brain tumor, and few patients survive beyond 5 years. Therefore, a study of genomic alterations in GBM long-term survivors is essential for insights into tumor biology and biomarker identification. In our study, 13 GBM long-term survivors (overall survival >60 months) and 19 short-term survivors (overall survival < 24 months) were retrospectively collected, and surgically resected tumor tissues and normal blood controls were extracted and were performed whole exome sequencing and transcriptome sequencing. Our results revealed that although no significant differences were found in the composition of driver genes between the two groups, mutation signature analysis of two GBM groups revealed that the proportion of mutation signature 19 was higher in the longer survivors than in the shorter survivors (P=0.059). Analysis of copy number variants showed that the longer survivors group had higher copy number variants at the chromosomal level (P=0.049). At the chromosome Arm level, the proportion of 19p amplification and 19q amplification in the longer survivors group was significantly higher than in the short survival group (P=0.001/0.002). And in the TCGA GBM dataset, GBM patients with 19p amplification also had a better prognosis (log-rank P=0.04). In conclusion, the proportion of mutation signature 19 and amplification of 19p was potential prognostic molecular features for GBM.
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D'Angelo, Fulvio, Luciano Garofano, Kosuke Aoki, Michele Ceccarelli, Anna Lasorella, Marc Sanson, and Antonio Iavarone. "EPCO-05. DIFFERENTIAL MOLECULAR PROFILING OF IDH WILD TYPE GLIOBLASTOMA SURVIVORS REVEALS THE ASSOCIATION OF NEOANTIGEN QUALITY WITH EXCEPTIONAL LONG SURVIVAL." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_7 (November 1, 2022): vii116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac209.440.
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Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant type of primary brain tumor. Despite intensive multimodal treatment, the prognosis of GBM patients is poor with the median overall survival under 15 months. Defining the genetic profiles of rare long-term GBM survivors may provide insights into the molecular basis of GBM progression. IDH mutations have been identified as a favorable prognostic factors, and define a clinically and molecularly distinct group of GBM. Additional molecular mechanisms underlying the prolonged survival in IDHwt GBM patients remained unclear. Therefore, we explored the molecular profiles of 71 IDHwt GBM homogeneously treated patients exhibiting disproportionate survival. The cohort included 36 short-term survivors that deceased within 1 year after diagnosis (median survival of 7 months) and 35 long-term survivors exhibiting an exceptional survival above 4 years (median survival of 88 months). The differential genetic landscape of short- and long-term IDHwt GBM survivors outlined similar mutation load and few differences in the frequency of recurrent alterations, including chromosomes 19 and 20 duplication significantly overrepresented in long-term survivors. To assess the potential impact of T lymphocyte neoantigen-mediated activation towards extended GBM survival, we inferred the restricted HLA binding affinity of the somatic mutations and applied the immune fitness model to accurately predict high-quality neoantigens. Although the general neoantigen burden remained unvaried between short- and long-term survivors, we found that the immune quality of the predicted neoantigens is significantly higher in the patients with exceptional long survival. Moreover, the immune deconvolution of the tumor microenvironment from the gene expression data indicated the presence of CD8+ T lymphocytes and pro-inflammatory macrophages in samples harboring high-quality neoantigens from long-term survivors. This study identified the neoantigen quality as a main distinctive feature of exceptionally long-term survivors supporting the key role of cellular-mediated immune response to restrict tumor progression in IDHwt GBM.
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Flechl, B., M. Ackerl, C. Sax, K. Dieckmann, R. Crevenna, G. Widhalm, M. Preusser, and C. Marosi. "Clinical outcome of GBM long-term survivors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2011): e12507-e12507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e12507.
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Ali, Tamara, Farouk Olubajo, Nitika Rathi, Piyali Pal, Michael Jenkinson, and Andrew Brodbelt. "Characteristics of glioblastoma long-term survivors." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_4 (October 1, 2021): iv15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab195.037.
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Abstract Aims Glioblastoma (GBM) is the commonest and most aggressive primary malignant brain tumour in adults. A small number of patients survive for >5 years and are referred to as long-term survivors (LTS). This study aimed to quantify and characterise GBM LTS in a single large UK centre. Method A retrospective observational cohort study was performed. Patients diagnosed with GBM in a single UK centre between 2000–2011 (inclusive) who survived >5 years from diagnosis were included. Histopathological samples were re-examined as per the WHO 2016 classification criteria and tested for molecular biomarkers including MGMT promoter methylation, IDH1/2 mutations, 1p19q codeletion and ATRX. Demographic, imaging, treatment and outcome data were collected. Results 1130 patients diagnosed with GBM were identified, 30 of whom survived for >5 years. Twenty-three were re-confirmed as GBM histologically and seven were reclassified as anaplastic oligodendroglioma or anaplastic astroctyoma. Median overall survival for this cohort was 6.2 years. We report a 2% 5-year survival, and a 0.7% 7-year survival. LTS-associated factors were younger age (<65 years old), frontal unilateral tumours, maximal management (surgery and chemoradiotherapy), good post-operative performance status (WHO <2), MGMT promoter methylation and IDH1/2 mutation. Conclusion A small subset of GBM patients survive for >5 years. Most still succumb to the disease, implying 5-year survival is not indicative of a cure. On applying current molecular markers, a quarter of previously diagnosed glioblastoma in this LTS population were revised to be WHO grade III gliomas.
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Kim, Sojin, and Yun-Sik Dho. "GENE-06. INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS OF DNA METHYLATION SUGGESTS DOWN-REGULATION OF ONCOGENIC PATHWAYS AND REDUCED SOMATIC MUTATION RATES IN SURVIVAL OUTLIERS OF GLIOBLASTOMA." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_6 (November 2019): vi98—vi99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz175.408.
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Abstract The study of survival outliers of glioblastoma (GBM) can provide important clues on gliomagenesis as well as on the ways to alter clinical course on this almost uniformly lethal cancer type. However, there has been little consensus on genetic and epigenetic signatures of the long-term survival outliers of GBM. In this study, we compared the two groups of survival outliers of glioblastoma with IDH wild-type, consisting of the GBM patients who lived longer than 3 years (n=17) and the patients who lived less than 1 year (n=12) in terms of genome-wide DNA methylation profile. Statistical analyses were performed to identify differentially methylated sites between the two groups. Functional implication of long-term survivors of GBM (LTS-GBM)-specific sites were investigated by comprehensive enrichment analyses with genomic and epigenomic features. We found that the genome of LTS-GBM is differentially methylated relative to short-term survivor patients depending on CpG density: hypermethylation near CpG islands (CGIs) and hypomethylation far from CGIs. Interestingly, these two patterns are associated with distinct oncogenic aspects in gliomagenesis. In the LTS-GBM-specific sites distant from CGI, somatic mutations of GBM are enriched with higher DNA methylation, suggesting that the hypomethylation in LTS-GBM can contribute to reduce the rate of somatic mutation. On the other hand, the hypermethylation near CGIs associates with transcriptional downregulation of genes involved in cancer progression pathways. Using independent cohorts of IDH1/2- wild type GBM, we also showed that these two patterns of DNA methylation can be used as molecular markers of LTS-GBM. Our results provide extended understanding of DNA methylation, especially of DNA hypomethylation, in cancer genome and reveal clinical importance of DNA methylation pattern as prognostic markers of GBM.
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Kim, Jung-Young, Jennifer G. Jackman, Sarah Woodring, Frances McSherry, James E. Herndon, Annick Desjardins, Henry S. Friedman, and Katherine B. Peters. "Second primary cancers in long-term survivors of glioblastoma." Neuro-Oncology Practice 6, no. 5 (February 4, 2019): 386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nop/npz001.
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Abstract Background Overall survival (OS) in glioblastoma (GBM) is poor at an average of 14 to 18 months, and long-term survivors (LTS) of GBM are rare. LTS of GBM, defined as surviving >5 years postdiagnosis, represent only 2% to 10% of all GBM patients. LTS of cancer are at high risk of developing second primary neoplasms. This study looks at occurrences of second primary neoplasms in LTS of GBM. Methods Records from adult patients newly diagnosed with GBM between January 1, 1998 and February 8, 2010, were retrospectively reviewed to identify LTS, defined as patients who survived ≥5 years. We focused on the identification of a new diagnosis of cancer occurring at least 2 years after the initial GBM diagnosis. Results We identified 155 LTS of GBM, with a median OS of 11.0 years (95% CI: 9.0 to 13.1 years) and a median follow-up of 9.6 years (95% CI: 8.7 to 10.7 years). In this cohort of patients, 13 (8.4%) LTS of GBM developed 17 secondary cancers. Eight could potentially be attributed to previous radiation and chemotherapy (skin cancer in radiation field [n = 4], leukemia [n = 2], low-grade glioma [n = 1], and sarcoma of the scalp [n = 1]). The other 9 cases included melanoma (n = 2), prostate cancer (n = 2), bladder cancer (n = 1), endometrioid adenocarcinoma (n = 1), basal cell carcinoma (n = 1), and renal cell carcinoma (n = 1). Conclusions Although second primary cancers are rare in GBM LTS, providers should continue close monitoring with appropriate oncologic care. Moreover, this highlights the need for survivorship care of patients with GBM.
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Briceno, Nicole, Zied Abdullaev, Elizabeth Vera, Edina Komlodi-Pasztor, Anna Choi, Alexa Christ, Ewa Grajkowska, et al. "BIOM-46. EXPLORING CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS IN GLIOBLASTOMA LONG -TERM SURVIVORS (LTS) VERSUS SHORT-TERM SURVIVORS (STS)." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_7 (November 1, 2022): vii14—vii15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac209.056.
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Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) has a median survival of less than 18 months with infrequent long-term survival (LTS). Reports on LTS to date have not identified distinct molecular or clinical/imaging characteristic in long ( >3 years) versus short (< 3 year) survivors. We identified IDH wildtype GBM patients living ≥ 3 years post diagnosis (LTS, Nf25) and a control cohort (STS, Nf76) from our Natural History Study. Available tissue was analyzed with targeted panel sequencing (Nf25) and methylation analysis (Nf21) for classification, MGMT promoter (MGMTp) status and copy number changes. Median survival and age for LTS and STS was 54mo and 48yrs, and 16mo and 56yrs, respectively. LTS were more likely to be female (2.8x) or have a GTR (2.9x) but 83% less likely to be white. MGMTp was 10x more likely to be methylated in LTS tumors (95% CI [2.6, 39.6]), yet was unmethylated in 17%. LTS were 63% and 90% less likely to have TERTp or EGFR amplification (95% CI [0.14, 0.97] and [0.04, 0.29]). Core pathway review showed 21% of LTS had at least one alteration in p53, RB and RTK/PI3K with RTK/PI3K the most common (46%) . Methylation classifier identified 74% as GBM (STS=96%) with most the RTK II subtype (53%; STS=41%) and despite classic histologic features, indicated a non-GBM diagnosis in three cases (14%).Although uncommon, there are LTS with molecularly confirmed GBM. Remarkably, not all had MGMTp methylation, were young or had extensive tumor resection. Clinical estimates of outcome in GBM patients should consider the possibility of long-term survival even with established poor prognostic factors. Imaging characteristics in a subset of these cases are reported in a separate abstract. Additional interrogation of tumor from LTS may uncover additional determinants of response and outcomes.
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Scott, J. N., N. B. Rewcastle, P. M. A. Brasher, D. Fulton, N. A. Hagen, J. A. MacKinnon, G. Sutherland, J. G. Cairncross, and P. Forsyth. "Long-term Glioblastoma Multiforme Survivors: a Population-based Study." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 25, no. 3 (August 1998): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100034016.
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ABSTRACT:Background:Long-term glioblastoma multiforme survivors (LTGBMS) are uncommon. The frequency which these occur in an unselected population and factors which produce these unusually long survivors are unknown.Objectives:To determine in a population- based study 1) the frequency of LTGBMS in a population and 2) identify which patient, treatment or tumor characteristics would predict which glioblastoma (GBM) patient would become a LTGBMS.Methods:The Alberta Cancer Registry was used to identify all patients diagnosed with GBM in southern Alberta between 1/1/75 - 12/31/91. Patient charts were reviewed and histology re-examined by a blinded neuropathologist. LTGBMS were defined as GBM patients surviving ≥ 3 years after diagnosis. Each LTGBMS was compared to three age-, gender-, and year of diagnosis-matched controls to compare patient, treatment, and tumor factors to GBM patients without long-term survival.Results:There were 279 GBMs diagnosed in the study period. Five (1.8%) survived ≥ three years (range, 3.2-15.8 years). Seven additional long-term survivors, who carried a diagnosis of GBM, were excluded after neuropathologic review; the most common revised diagnosis was malignant oligodendroglioma. LTGBMS (avg. age = 45 years) were significantly younger when compared to all GBM patients (avg. age = 59 years, p - 0.0001) diagnosed in the study period. LTGBMS had a higher KPS at diagnosis (p = 0.001) compared to controls. Tumors from LTGBMS tended to have fewer mitoses and a lower Ki-67 cellular proliferative index compared to controls. Radiation-induced dementia was common and disabling in LTGBMS.Conclusions:These data highlight the dismal prognosis for GBM patients who have both a short median survival and very small chance (1.8%) of long-term survival. The LTGBMS were younger, had a higher performance status, and their tumors tended to proliferate less rapidly than control GBM patients. When long-term survival does occur it is often accompanied by severe treatment-induced dementia.