Journal articles on the topic 'Gbv service provision'
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Sapire, Rachel, Jennifer Ostrowski, Malia Maier, Goleen Samari, Clarisa Bencomo, and Terry McGovern. "COVID-19 and gender-based violence service provision in the United States." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (February 16, 2022): e0263970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263970.
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Introduction Gender-based violence (GBV) policies and services in the United States (U.S.) have historically been underfunded and siloed from other health services. Soon after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, reports emerged noting increases in GBV and disruption of health services but few studies have empirically investigated these impacts. This study examines how the existing GBV funding and policy landscape, COVID-19, and resulting state policies in the first six months of the pandemic affect GBV health service provision in the U.S. Methods This is a mixed method study consisting of 1) an analysis of state-by-state emergency response policies review; 2) a quantitative analysis of a survey of U.S.-based GBV service providers (N = 77); and 3) a qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews with U.S.-based GBV service providers (N = 11). Respondents spanned a range of organization types, populations served, and states. Results Twenty-one states enacted protections for GBV survivors and five states included explicit exemptions from non-essential business closures for GBV service providers. Through the surveys and interviews, GBV service providers note three major themes on COVID-19’s impact on GBV services: reductions in GBV service provision and quality and increased workload, shifts in service utilization, and funding impacts. Findings also indicate GBV inequities were exacerbated for historically underserved groups. Discussion The noted disruptions on GBV services from the COVID-19 pandemic overlaid long-term policy and funding limitations that left service providers unprepared for the challenges posed by the pandemic. Future policies, in emergency and non-emergency contexts, should recognize GBV as essential care and ensure comprehensive services for clients, particularly members of historically underserved groups.
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Wijegunasekara, JLHR, and KDP Wijesinghe. "Health Sector Interventions to address Gender Based Violence: in Sri Lanka." Journal of Medical Research 6, no. 5 (October 28, 2020): 246–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jmr.2020.6515.
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Gender Based Violence (GBV) is a common form of violence globally and includes physical, sexual, emotional and economic violence. GBV has serious consequences for women’s health and well-being and takes a high national cost for the treatment and rehabilitation. Prevalence of GBV is usually underestimated. GBV is addressed globally using good practices in justice, health, education and multi- sector. Health sector is in a valuable position to support survivors and change social attitudes. Interventions taken in the health sector should be targeted at all three levels; primary prevention, secondary prevention and tertiary prevention. There are different models used in health care settings in different countries. “Mithuru Piyasa (in Sinhalese) / Natpu Nilayam (in Tamil)” which is staffed with a medical officer and a nursing officer was introduced in Sri Lanka as a “One Stop Crisis Centre/One Stop Service Centre” for survivors within the health institutions. Its main functions are screening, medical care, befriending services, risk assessment and safety planning, referral to legal, social, counseling and rehabilitation services, advocacy and community mobilization. Services are provided adhering to its guiding principles of safety, confidentiality, respect, non - discrimination, responsibility, competence and compassion. Documentation, Information management, progress review and evaluation are carried out for the sustainability of the service. Still this opportunity is not fully utilized. Service provision is not uniform in quality, coverage, equity, efficiency and effectiveness. Administrators are expected to develop their interest and pay their attention with priority, in supporting the functioning of these centres established under outpatient department by proper operation, expanding country wide and marketing.
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Merino, Gina Alvarado, Jennifer Mueller, Lila O’Brien-Milne, Khalida Ghaus, Nata Duvvury, and Stacey Scriver. "The Social Costs of Violence Against Women and Girls on Survivors, their Families and Communities in Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Women's Studies: Alam-e-Niswan 26, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46521/pjws.026.01.0013.
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Past research on gender-based violence (GBV) in Pakistan discusses intimate partner violence (IPV) and non-partner sexual violence (NPSV) but lacks a comprehensive analysis of violence against women and girls (VAWG) and its wider costs and impacts. Our study on the social costs of VAWG aims to fill this gap. Through in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) in rural and urban Pakistan, we explore the types of VAWG that manifest in communities and examine the negative impacts these have on survivors, their families and communities. Our findings reveal that, in addition to the mental health impacts of VAWG on survivors (such as anxiety and suicidal ideation exacerbated by stigma and isolation), a number of social and economic impacts are borne by survivors as well as their relatives and communities. Social norms and institutions that condone and reproduce gender inequity contribute to the acceptance and normalization of VAWG. Lack of service provision and shelter for survivors and social stigma around seeking help heightens the impacts faced by survivors, their families and their communities.
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Muyambo, Blessing, Judith Audrey Chamisa,, and Greanious Alfred Mavondo. "SAFETY OF WOMEN AND GIRLS AGAINST VIOLENCE AND SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN PUBLIC SPACES IN CHITUNGWIZA, HARARE, ZIMBABWE." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i02.006.
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Introduction: No one should be subjected to any form of violence publicly or privately. The level of Gender Based Violence (GBV) in Zimbabwe remains high and a barrier to women’s active participation in development. At least >68% of women in the Sothern African Development Community have experienced some form of GBV during their life time. The research aimed at promoting full recognition, realization and protection of the rights of women and girls against all forms of gender-based violence and threats, by advocating for women friendly and safe community environments. Methods: Simple random sampling was used to administer the questionnaires to women and girls, boys and men in the community. Cluster sampling by age and gender was employed first and followed by a random selection within the clusters for focus group participants. Purposive sampling was also used. Focus group discussions, key informant interviews, structured interviews and observation were utilised. Results: Women and girls experienced physical, sexual, psychological and verbal abuse violence in public spaces. Public spaces included bus termini/ ranks, aboard public transport, at market places, shopping centres, beer halls, at stadiums, in the streets and along bushy pathways in and around the communities. Female respondents were harassed without recourse although acutely aware of procedures of reporting cases of violence to the police. Most women experienced police stations as being far away. Normally, authorities did nothing to the perpetrators of domestic violence. Conclusion: Ensuring women and girls safety in public spaces was recommended as government priority area. Streetlights erection, provision of running water in homes, more public toilets construction, establishment of viable reporting mechanisms for violence and sexual harassment were needed. Women wanted law enforcers and local service providers trained on gender sensitivity and taking reported cases seriously. Guarantying the exercise of right freedom of movement, permitting women to carry out their activities without fear is needed.
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Glass, Nancy, Nancy Perrin, Mendy Marsh, Amber Clough, Amelie Desgroppes, Francesco Kaburu, Brendan Ross, and Sophie Read-Hamilton. "Effectiveness of the Communities Care programme on change in social norms associated with gender-based violence (GBV) with residents in intervention compared with control districts in Mogadishu, Somalia." BMJ Open 9, no. 3 (March 2019): e023819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023819.
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ObjectiveDetermine the effectiveness of the Communities Care programme (CCP) on change in harmful social norms associated with gender-based violence (GBV) and confidence in provision of services with residents in intervention compared with control district. We hypothesised that residents in the intervention district would report a decrease in support for harmful social norms and increase in confidence in services in comparison with control district.SettingThe study was conducted in Mogadishu, Somalia.ParticipantsIn the intervention district, 192 community members (50% women) completed baseline surveys with 163 (84.9%) retained at endline. In the control district, 195 community members (50% women) completed baseline surveys with 167 (85.6%) retained at endline.InterventionCCP uses facilitated dialogues with community members to catalyse GBV prevention actions and provides training to diverse sectors to strengthen response services for GBV survivors.ResultsResidents in the intervention district had significantly greater improvement in change in social norms: (1) response to sexual violence (b=−0.214, p=0.041); (2) protecting family honour (b=−0.558, p<0.001); and (3) husband’s right to use violence (b=−0.309, p=0.003) compared with control district participants. The greatest change was seen in the norm of ‘protecting family honour’ with a Cohen’s d effect size (ES) of 0.70, followed by the norm ‘husband’s right to use violence’ (ES=0.38), and then the norm of ‘response to sexual violence’ (ES=0.28). Residents in intervention district had a significantly greater increase in confidence in provision of GBV services across diverse sectors than the control district (b=0.318, p<0.001) with an associated effect size of 0.67. There were no significant differences between residents in intervention and control districts on change in personal beliefs on the norms.ConclusionThe evaluation showed the promise of CCP in changing harmful social norms associated with GBV and increasing confidence in provision of services in a complex humanitarian setting.
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Cai, Wenbo. "Identifying Ecosystem Services Bundles for Ecosystem Services Trade-Off/Synergy Governance in an Urbanizing Region." Land 11, no. 9 (September 16, 2022): 1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11091593.
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Ecosystem services (ES) are the contribution of ecosystem structure and function to human well-being, connecting natural and socio-economic systems. ES trade-off/synergy has been one of the critical issues in sustainable environmental governance for guiding and formulating environmental policies. However, science-to-practice framework for ecosystem services trade-off/synergy governance are still rare. This study presents a comprehensive framework for identifying and managing trade-off and synergy of ESs in an urbanizing region. Using Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA)—one of the fastest urbanizing regions in China—as a case, this study identified major ecosystem service bundles (ESBs) and applied the comprehensive framework to inform ES trade-off/synergy governance. The results showed that there were three stable ESBs in the GBA, and that ESB 1 (high grain production) and ESB 2 (high carbon sequestration) should be increased, and ESB 3 (all ES provision are low) should be increased. Moreover, there was large spatial–temporal change in ESBs in the central area of the GBA during 2000–2015 due to population and land urbanization. This study provides valuable information for sustainable land management and environmental governance in an urbanizing region.
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He, Yeyu, Yaoqiu Kuang, Yalan Zhao, and Zhu Ruan. "Spatial Correlation between Ecosystem Services and Human Disturbances: A Case Study of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area, China." Remote Sensing 13, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13061174.
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Exploring the spatial relationship between ecosystem services (ES) and human disturbance intensity (HDI) is vital for maintaining regional ecological security. This study aims to explore the spatial correlation between ES and HDI in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) and provide meaningful implications for coastal ecological planning. Multi-source remote sensing data, remote sensing software, and geographic information system provided initial data and technical support for this research. We integrated four human pressures (population, land-use, traffic, and energy) to map the HDI in the GBA for 2018. Coastal ES were comprehensively considered and spatially visualized by extracting the ES sources. The geographically weighted Pearson correlation coefficient and bivariate local Moran were used to quantitatively reflect and spatially visualize the detailed relationship between ES and HDI. Our study presents several key findings. First, the central and southern parts of the GBA are under strong HDI, dominated by a dense population and intense land utilization. Second, the kernel density of ES sources can better manifest the spatial distribution of ES objectively in comparison to the traditional model calculation. Provisioning services mainly originate from the periphery of the central cities; cultural services are highly concentrated in the heartland of the GBA; and regulating and maintenance services have high density in the outermost regions. Third, ES and HDI have a significant correlation, and the geographically weighted Pearson correlation coefficient and local indicator of spatial association cluster maps illustrate that unlike the global findings, the local correlation is spatially nonstationary as the local scale is affected by specific human activities, natural conditions, regional development, and other local factors. Four, high-capacity regions of ES provision are mainly under high HDI. Areas with high provisioning service values are mainly affected by population and traffic pressure, whereas regulating and maintenance services and cultural services are mainly dominated by high-density populations. Regulating and maintenance services are also affected by land-use pressure. We determine that human disturbance has negative spillover effects on ES, which should be the focus in regional ecological planning.
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Agrawal, Sanjay, Zaheer Mangera, Rachael L. Murray, Freya Howle, and Matthew Evison. "Successes and Challenges of Implementing Tobacco Dependency Treatment in Health Care Institutions in England." Current Oncology 29, no. 5 (May 20, 2022): 3738–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29050299.
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There is a significant body of evidence that delivering tobacco dependency treatment within acute care hospitals can deliver high rates of tobacco abstinence and substantial benefits for both patients and the healthcare system. This evidence has driven a renewed investment in the UK healthcare service to ensure all patients admitted to hospital are provided with evidence-based interventions during admission and after discharge. An early-implementer of this new wave of hospital-based tobacco dependency treatment services is “the CURE project” in Greater Manchester, a region in the North West of England. The CURE project strives to change the culture of a hospital system, to medicalise tobacco dependency and empower front-line hospital staff to deliver an admission bundle of care, including identification of patients that smoke, provision of very brief advice (VBA), protocolised prescription of pharmacotherapy, and opt-out referral to the specialist CURE practitioners. This specialist team provides expert treatment and behaviour change support during the hospital admission and can agree a support package after discharge, with either hospital-led or community-led follow-up. The programme has shown exceptional clinical effectiveness, with 22% of all smokers admitted to hospital abstinent from tobacco at 12 weeks, and exceptional cost-effectiveness with a public value return on investment ratio of GBP 30.49 per GBP 1 invested and a cost per QALY of GBP 487. There have been many challenges in implementing this service, underpinned by the system-wide culture change and ensuring the good communication and engagement of all stakeholders across the complex networks of the tobacco control and healthcare system. The delivery of hospital-based tobacco dependency services across all NHS acute care hospitals represents a substantial step forward in the fight against the tobacco epidemic.
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Lindvall, Kristina, John Kinsman, Atakelti Abraha, Abdirisak Dalmar, Mohamed Farah Abdullahi, Hagos Godefay, Lelekoitien Lerenten Thomas, et al. "Health Status and Health Care Needs of Drought-Related Migrants in the Horn of Africa—A Qualitative Investigation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16 (August 14, 2020): 5917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165917.
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Somalia, Kenya and Ethiopia, situated in the Horn of Africa, are highly vulnerable to climate change, which manifests itself through increasing temperatures, erratic rains and prolonged droughts. Millions of people have to flee from droughts or floods either as cross-border refugees or as internally displaced persons (IDPs). The aim of this study was to identify knowledge status and gaps regarding public health consequences of large-scale displacement in these countries. After a scoping review, we conducted qualitative in-depth interviews during 2018 with 39 stakeholders from different disciplines and agencies in these three countries. A validation workshop was held with a selection of 13 interviewees and four project partners. Malnutrition and a lack of vaccination of displaced people are well-known challenges, while mental health problems and gender-based violence (GBV) are less visible to stakeholders. In particular, the needs of IDPs are not well understood. The treatment of mental health and GBV is insufficient, and IDPs have inadequate access to essential health services in refugee camps. Needs assessment and program evaluations with a patients’ perspective are either lacking or inadequate in most situations. The Horn of Africa is facing chronic food insecurity, poor population health and mass displacement. IDPs are an underserved group, and mental health services are lacking. A development approach is necessary that moves beyond emergency responses to the building of long-term resilience, the provision of livelihood support and protection to reduce displacement by droughts.
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Wu, Adela, Gabriela Ruiz Colon, Rebecca Aslakson, Erqi L. Pollom, and Chirag B. Patel. "Palliative care service utilization and advance care planning issues for adult glioblastoma patients: A systematic review." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 2036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.2036.
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2036 Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating disease with a median survival under 2 years and a 10-year survival rate of 0.71%. As patients with GBM suffer simultaneously from both a terminal cancer and a neurodegenerative disease, proactive provision of advance care planning (ACP) and palliative care (PC) seem appropriate. We conducted a systematic review exploring the published literature on the prevalence of ACP, healthcare services utilization at the end of life (EOL, including PC services), and location of death among adults with GBM, and the experiences of their caregivers. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library from database inception until 12/20/2020, using search terms including ‘glioblastoma’, ‘end of life’, ‘advance care planning’, and ‘advance directive’. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Inclusion criteria were quantitative and qualitative studies written in English of adults with GBM and their caregivers, with at least 20 subjects. Included studies were assessed for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: We screened 344 article abstracts and 39 full text articles to yield a final cohort of 16 articles that fit inclusion criteria. These studies reported the experiences of 10,706 GBM patients and 123 caregivers. All were nonrandomized studies conducted in six countries with all but two published in 2014 or later. Across studies, ACP documentation varied from 4-55%, PC referral was pursued in 39-40% of cases, and hospice referrals were made for 66-76% of adult GBM patients. Hospitalizations frequently occurred at the EOL, 20-56% of patients spent over 25% of their overall survival time hospitalized, and 39-64 % of deaths occurred in the home setting. Caregivers commonly reported restrictions on their ability to work (60%), financial barriers to care (29%), and feeling unprepared (29%). Conclusions: Despite having both a terminal disease and neurocognitive decline, a majority of adults with GBM do not pursue ACP or have access to PC. There is a dearth of focused and high-quality studies on ACP, PC, and hospice use among adults with GBM. Prospective studies that address these and additional aspects related to end-of-life care in this population, such as healthcare costs and inpatient supportive care needs, are needed.
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Wen, Dawei, Song Ma, Anlu Zhang, and Xinli Ke. "Spatial Pattern Analysis of the Ecosystem Services in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Imagery Based on Deep Learning Method." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 23, 2021): 7044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137044.
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Assessment of ecosystem services supply, demand, and budgets can help to achieve sustainable urban development. The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, as one of the most developed megacities in China, sets up a goal of high-quality development while fostering ecosystem services. Therefore, assessing the ecosystem services in this study area is very important to guide further development. However, the spatial pattern of ecosystem services, especially at local scales, is not well understood. Using the available 2017 land cover product, Sentinel-1 SAR and Sentinel-2 optical images, a deep learning land cover mapping framework integrating deep change vector analysis and the ResUnet model was proposed. Based on the produced 10 m land cover map for the year 2020, recent spatial patterns of the ecosystem services at different scales (i.e., the GBA, 11 cities, urban–rural gradient, and pixel) were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) Forest was the primary land cover in Guangzhou, Huizhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Jiangmen, Zhaoqing, and Hong Kong, and an impervious surface was the main land cover in the other four cities. (2) Although ecosystem services in the GBA were sufficient to meet their demand, there was undersupply for all the three general services in Macao and for the provision services in Zhongshan, Dongguan, Shenzhen, and Foshan. (3) Along the urban–rural gradient in the GBA, supply and demand capacity showed an increasing and decreasing trend, respectively. As for the city-level analysis, Huizhou and Zhuhai showed a fluctuation pattern while Jiangmen, Zhaoqing, and Hong Kong presented a decreasing pattern along the gradient. (4) Inclusion of neighborhood landscape led to increased demand scores in a small proportion of impervious areas and oversupply for a very large percent of bare land.
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Ryan, Kathleen E., Anna L. Wilkinson, David Leitinger, Carol El-Hayek, Claire Ryan, Alisa Pedrana, Margaret Hellard, and Mark Stoové. "Characteristics of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men testing and retesting at Australia’s first shop-front rapid point-of-care HIV testing service." Sexual Health 13, no. 6 (2016): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh16027.
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Background: HIV rapid point-of-care (RPOC) testing was approved in Australia in 2012 prompting new testing models. We describe gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBM) testing in the first year of operations at Australia’s first shop-front, community-based RPOC testing service, PRONTO!, and characterise return testers and first-time testers. Methods: Univariable and multivariable logistic regression using data collected at clients’ first test at PRONTO! from 15 August 2013 to 14 August 2014 examined correlates of: 1) return-testing within 6 months of GBMs first test at PRONTO!; and 2) reporting a first ever HIV test at PRONTO!. Results: In the first year, 1226 GBM tested at PRONTO! (median age = 30.4 years, 60.2% Australian born). Condomless anal sex with casual or regular partners was reported by 45% and 66% of GBM, respectively. Almost one-quarter (23%) of GBM returned within 6 months of their first test. Return-testing was associated with being born overseas (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10–2.0), reporting a regular check-up as reason to test (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.01–2.30) and reporting a HIV test in the 6 months before first testing at PRONTO! (AOR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.09–2.73). Reporting first testing at PRONTO! (17.9%) was positively associated with younger age (<30 years; AOR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.18–2.71) and negatively associated with reporting a regular check-up as reason to test (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.29–0.71) and recent group sex (AOR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.23–0.59). Conclusion: Despite PRONTO! being designed to reduce barriers to HIV testing, return testing rates in the first year were low and not associated with client risk. Service refinements, including the provision of comprehensive sexually transmissible infection testing, are needed to increase testing frequency and enhance population HIV prevention benefits.
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Azariah, Sunita, Peter Saxton, Richard Franklin, Rose Forster, Suzanne Werder, and Renee Jenkins. "NZPrEP Demonstration Project: protocol for an open-label, single-arm trial of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to determine feasibility, acceptability, adverse and behavioural effects of PrEP provision to gay and bisexual men in publicly funded sexual health clinics in Auckland, New Zealand." BMJ Open 9, no. 6 (June 2019): e026363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026363.
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IntroductionNew Zealand has experienced a rise in HIV diagnoses in recent years and new interventions are required to address this.Methods and analysisNZPrEP (A demonstration project of HIV preexposure prophylaxis in Aotearoa New Zealand) is an open-label, single-arm treatment evaluation study to investigate feasibility, retention, adherence, and clinical and behavioural outcomes of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) provision to gay and bisexual men (GBM) in a publicly funded secondary sexual health service in Auckland, New Zealand. The sample size is 150 GBM. Inclusion criteria were specific behavioural risk factors indicating an increased risk of HIV infection. Exclusion criteria were hepatitis B infection, any medical contraindications to prescribing tenofovir/emtricitabine or factors limiting ability to adhere to the study protocol. Eligible participants will be screened for HIV and other sexually transmissible infections (STIs) and for any medical contraindications to PrEP, and enrolled for a maximum follow-up period of 96 weeks. They will be required to attend for 3-monthly testing for HIV and STIs and monitoring for renal and liver toxicity. Participants will also be required to complete an online behavioural survey after each study visit. The outcomes of interest are feasibility of PrEP provision in a sexual health clinic setting, PrEP acceptability, and adverse medical and behavioural effects of PrEP. The study sample is limited to 150 participants due to funding and service constraints. Statistical analysis of all primary and secondary outcomes will be performed using Stata V.14 at the University of Auckland. Results for primary and secondary endpoints will be reported after the conclusion of the study in March 2019.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Health and Disability Ethics Committee on 15 September 2016 (16/NTA/112). Key findings will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals. A summary report will be circulated to the study and community stakeholders, and to the Auckland District Health Board, Ministry of Health and Pharmac.Trial registration numberACTRN12616001387415; Pre-results.
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Saprida, Saprida. "Sistem Pelaksanaan Koperasi Mitra GBS PT. Golden Blossom Sumatera Desa Prambatan." Mizan: Journal of Islamic Law 3, no. 1 (July 3, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32507/mizan.v3i1.431.
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AbstractThis study seeks to answer several problems related to the GBS partner cooperative PT. Golden Blossom Sumatra in Prambat Village. To find out the problem the author uses a type of qualitative data, with primary data sources, namely the main data obtained using field studies by interviewing members and employees of the GBS partner cooperative in the village of Prambat. While secondary data was taken from the documentation in the GBS partner cooperative office in Prambat village, such as population data, livelihoods and literature related to the problems studied. The data collection techniques are observation, interview and documentation. Then the collected data is analyzed qualitatively using interpretive deductive analysis instruments. From this study it was found, the implementation system of GBS partner cooperatives consisting of three villages, namely Prambat, Pengabuan and Tanjung Kurung villages which numbered 3,015 people was a cooperative that had several basic functions for cooperative members, namely the provision of palm transportation services for plasma land, provision of picking services for plasma land, providing member data recapitulation for PT. Golden Blossom Sumatra as a financial input for members of cooperatives and accommodates conveying the aspirations of members to PT. Golden Blossom Sumatra as the manager of Plasma land. The plasma palm oil sharing system between PT. Golden Blossom Sumatra as the manager with the cooperative partner GBS as a cooperative. Some members of the GBS partner cooperative feel frustrated because the distribution of palm oil products is not transparent with the GBS partner cooperatives as Plasma land controllers and controls managed by PT. Golden Blossom Sumatra. Among the triggers of conflict between the community as members of the GBS partner cooperative and the Management of PT. Golden Blossom Sumatra is indicated by the existence of inflation of plasma fertilizer funds, and also the transparency of the distribution of plasma land as community land and core land as land owned by PT. Golden Blossom Sumatra.Keywords: System, Cooperative, PT. Golden blossom AbstrakPenelitian ini berupaya menjawab beberapa masalah berkaitan dengan koperasi mitra GBS PT. Golden Blossom Sumatera di Desa Prambatan. Untuk mengetahui masalah tersebut penulis menggunakan jenis data kualitatif, dengan sumber data primer yaitu data pokok yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan studi lapangan dengan wawancara kepada anggota dan pegawai koperasi mitra GBS di desa prambatan. Sedangkan data sekunder diambil dari dokumentasi yang ada di kantor koperasi mitra GBS di desa Prambatan seperti data jumlah penduduk, mata pencarian dan literatur yang berhubungan dengan permasalahan yang diteliti. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Kemudian data yang telah terkumpul dianalisa secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan instrumen analisis deduktif interpretatif. Dari penelitian ini ditemukan, Sistem pelaksanaan koperasi mitra GBS yang beranggotakan tiga desa yaitu desa Prambatan, Pengabuan dan Tanjung Kurung yang berjumlah 3.015 orang merupakan koperasi yang memiliki beberapa fungsi dasar bagi anggota koperasi, yaitu penyediaan jasa angkutan sawit untuk lahan plasma, penyediaan jasa pemetikan untuk lahan plasma, penyediaan rekapitulasi data anggota untuk PT. Golden Blossom Sumatera sebagai input keuangan anggota koperasi dan menampung menyampaikan aspirasi anggota kepada PT. Golden Blossom Sumatera selaku pengelola lahan Plasma. Sistem bagi hasil lahan sawit plasma antara PT. Golden Blossom Sumatera selaku pengelola dengan koperasi mitra GBS selaku koperasi. Sebagian anggota koperasi mitra GBS merasa terzholimi karena pembagian hasil sawit tidak transparan dengan pihak koperasi mitra GBS selaku pengontrol dan pengawasan lahan Plasma yang dikelola oleh PT. Golden Blossom Sumatera. Diantara pemicu konflik antara masyarakat selaku anggota koperasi mitra GBS dengan Manajemen PT. Golden Blossom Sumatera yaitu terindikasi adanya penggelembungan dana pupuk plasma, dan juga tidak transparansinya pembagian lahan plasma selaku lahan masyarakat dan lahan inti selaku lahan milik PT. Golden Blossom Sumatera.Kata Kunci: Sistem, Koperasi, PT. Golden Blossom
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Editorial Team. "Research in the Workplace Award." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 1, no. 4 (December 11, 2006): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b87c7c.
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The Research in the Workplace Award (RIWA)* is a biennial grant that seeks to fund small LIS-led workplace research projects.
The award of £3000 GBP/$5900 USD/$6800 CAD aims to encourage and support those new to research. Projects can relate to any aspect of service provision, development or theory. Advice is available throughout the lifetime of your project, which should be achievable within 12 months. The award fund must constitute at least 55% of the overall project funding.
If you have an idea for a small work-based research project, why not consider applying for RIWA 2006/7?
A copy of the 2 page application form is available from:
http://ifmh.org.uk/RIWA.html
Submission deadline: 22nd December 2006.
For further details contact Maria on +44 (0) 161 295 6423 or email: m.j.grant@salford.ac.uk
* RIWA 2006/7 is sponsored by the National Library for Health CPD Forum, IFM Healthcare, the Health Libraries Group, the University Medical School Librarians Group, the University Health Sciences Libraries and Libraries for Nursing.
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Memory Rumbidzai V. Mandikiana, Yogesh Awasthi, and Isaac Ignatius Dambudzo. "COVID- 19 and its Effects on Refugee, Asylum Seeker and Migrant Children Aged 12-17 Years at Tongogara Refugee Camp in Zimbabwe." PanAfrican Journal of Governance and Development (PJGD) 2, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 170–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.46404/panjogov.v2i2.3235.
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Refugee, asylum seekers, and migrant (displaced) children are at protracted vulnerability levels, and COVID-19 has exacerbated the situation. Zimbabwe accepts refugees but enforces an encampment policy, and displaced populations are encamped at Tongogara Refugee Camp (TRC). The research gap is that there is very little literature on refugees in Zimbabwe. The research objectives for the study were to explore the challenges that refugees, asylum seekers, and displaced children at TRC face, ascertain how COVID-19 has affected children at TRC, and propose solutions to these challenges. This research relied upon a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative approach considering the immediacy of the COVID-19 pandemic. Secondary data is referred from published articles and organizational reports. The population size of 2,304 children aged 12 to 17 was obtained through the United Nations refugee agency (UNHCR)’s January 2021 population statistics for TRC. A 10% sample of 230 respondents was selected. Non-probability sampling techniques were used in administering a questionnaire through individual and focus group interviews, which were fed into KoBo Toolbox. Data cleaning and analysis were conducted, with SPSS and NViVo for quantitative and qualitative data analysis, respectively. Ethical considerations of consent, confidentiality, do no harm, and statements to withdraw from the study were employed. The process involved strict observance of World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on COVID-19. The research was conducted between April 2020 and February 2021. Results showed that displaced children suffered a spectrum of challenges before COVID-19. During the COVID-19 period, respondents had limited access to child protection services, experienced increased conflicts at home, and limited access to formal learning and entertainment: their already dire situation was exacerbated by COVID-19. The study recommends the upgrade of the local secondary school to advanced level status, adoption of educational innovations in lieu of the COVID-19 pandemic, including radio, television, and virtual learning platforms; improved child protection mechanisms; accommodation; dietary diversity; access to water and sanitation hygiene; provision of electricity; adequate street lighting; activities for entertainment; and increasing awareness against child abuse and gender-based violence (GBV).
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Charara, R., and A. Mokdad. "The Burden of Mental Disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990–2013." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S156—S157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2023.
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The eastern Mediterranean region (EMR) is witnessing an increase in mental illness. With ongoing unrest, this is expected to rise. This is the first study to quantify the burden of mental disorders in the EMR. We used data from the global burden of disease study (GBD) 2013. DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) allow assessment of both premature mortality (years of life lost–YLLs) and nonfatal outcomes (years lived with disability–YLDs). DALYs are computed by adding YLLs and YLDs for each age-sex-country group. In 2013, mental disorders contributed to 5.6% of total disease burden in EMR (1894 DALYS/100,000 population): 2519 DALYS/100,000 (2590/100,000 males, 2426/100,000 females) in high-income countries, 1884 DALYS/100,000 (1618/100,000 males, 2157/100,000 females) in middle-income countries, 1607 DALYS/100,000 (1500/100,000 males, 1717/100,000 females) in low-income countries. Females had a greater proportion of burden due to mental disorders than did males of equivalent ages, except for those under 15 years. The highest proportion of DALYs occurred in the 25–49 age group. The burden of mental disorders in EMR increased from 1726 DALYs/100,000 in 1990 to 1912 DALYs/100,000 in 2013 (10.8% increase). Depressive disorders accounted for most DALYs, followed by anxiety disorders. Palestine had the largest burden of mental disorders. Nearly all EMR countries had a higher mental disorder burden compared to global level. Our findings call for EMR health ministries to increase provision of mental health services and to address stigma of mental illness. Our results showing the accelerating burden of mental health are alarming as the region is seeing an increased level of instability.
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Lemeshko, Tatiana V., and Sergey A. Astafurov. "The Art Applied to Business." Observatory of Culture 19, no. 5 (November 14, 2022): 549–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2022-19-5-549-558.
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The article presents an overview of Russian authors’ publications, mainly from the first issues of the journal “Technical Aesthetics” of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Technical Aesthetics (VNIITE). The purpose of this study is to highlight the controversial issues and problems relevant at the initial stages of forming the theory of a new type of artistic and industrial activities: technical aesthetics. The study’s relevance is determined by the fact that in the theory of design, at present, the aspect of the “art — design” linking is considered systemically incomplete. While the stages of the development of Russian design in chronological and biographical perspectives are covered quite fully by K.M. Kantor, N.V. Voronov, Yu.V. Nazarov, G.V. Vershinin and a number of other authors, but the theoretical aspects require further research development.The years of the Institute’s active work (1960s—1980s) are called fruitful in conceptual, scientific and creative terms, it was then that the professional model of the service and interaction between design and the planned economy was finally formed. The article shows that, at that time, intensive discussions of the main problems of artistic design and the provisions of aesthetics were reflected in regular publications of a number of periodicals, especially the journals “Technical Aesthetics” and “Decorative Art of the USSR”; and the difficult question of the criteria for evaluating the aesthetic qualities of industrial products turned out to be paramount. The term “artistic construction” implied the solution of the problem of bringing art and science closer to industry. In this process, in the discourse of the principles of technical and aesthetic creativity, all employees of the Institute — theorists and practitioners who would become outstanding design specialists — took part.The VNIITE’s activities met the demand of the time, the task of national importance — to establish mass production of a decent aesthetic level of industrial products. The period of 1964—1969 is the first stage in the study of the Soviet design formation history and is associated with intensive studying the heritage of the 1920s, introducing new materials into scientific circulation, formulating a number of new problems, and developing criteria for an objective assessment of many phenomena. It was accompanied by a number of difficulties in the relation between the settings of artistic construction and Russian art studies. This article justifies the importance of the work of the pioneers in the field of design in connection with other fields of art, and specifically with architecture and printing.
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Raftery, Philomena, Natasha Howard, Jennifer Palmer, and Mazeda Hossain. "Gender-based violence (GBV) coordination in humanitarian and public health emergencies: a scoping review." Conflict and Health 16, no. 1 (June 28, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-022-00471-z.
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Abstract Background Gender-based violence (GBV) is a global health, human rights, and protection issue, which can increase during emergencies. GBV coordination is an essential component of every humanitarian response, ensuring that, from the earliest phases of a crisis, accessible and safe services are available and prevention and mitigation mechanisms are implemented to reduce GBV. We sought to address the limited evidence on GBV coordination, by reviewing literature on GBV coordination in emergencies, identifying facilitators and barriers influencing effectiveness. Methods We conducted a scoping review on GBV coordination in emergencies from 1990 to 2020. Studies explicitly discussing GBV coordination in humanitarian, natural disaster and public health emergencies, in low or middle-income countries, were included. Using thematic analysis, we developed a six-topic framework to synthesise evidence on effective GBV coordination and present recommendations for strengthening GBV coordination in emergencies. Findings We included 28 of 964 sources identified, covering 30 different emergency settings across 22 countries. Sources spanned emergency settings, with minimal evidence in public health emergencies and none focussed solely on GBV coordination. Several sources suggested that timely establishment of GBV coordination mechanisms, led by dedicated, experienced coordinators, increased funding and strengthened service provision. GBV risk mitigation was compromised by weak commitment across sectors, poor accountability systems, and limited engagement of affected women. Inclusive GBV coordination, involving national and local actors is vital but engagement efforts have been inadequate and localisation funding targets not yet achieved. Implementation of the GBV Information Management System has reinforced coordination, funding allocation and service provision. While specialist GBV services remain insufficient, emergencies can present opportunities for expansion. Sustainability and long-term impact are compromised by over-reliance on international leadership and funding, weak commitment by governments, and limited attention to GBV prevention. Conclusion Despite enhanced global commitments to addressing GBV in recent years, it remains consistently under-prioritised and under-resourced. Recommendations to strengthen GBV coordination in emergencies include: funding dedicated GBV coordination positions across all types of emergencies, building the global GBV coordination workforce, expanding inclusion of national actors and investing in GBV risk mitigation and prevention through multiyear funding. The evidence-based framework for effective GBV coordination presented here, can guide further research in diverse emergencies.
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Banke-Thomas, Aduragbemi, and Sanni Yaya. "Looking ahead in the COVID-19 pandemic: emerging lessons learned for sexual and reproductive health services in low- and middle-income countries." Reproductive Health 18, no. 1 (December 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12978-021-01307-4.
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AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread disruption to essential health service provision globally, including in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Recognising the criticality of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, we review the actual reported impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on SRH service provision and evidence of adaptations that have been implemented to date. Across LMICs, the available data suggests that there was a reduction in access to SRH services, including family planning (FP) counselling and contraception access, and safe abortion during the early phase of the pandemic, especially when movement restrictions were in place. However, services were quickly restored, or alternatives to service provision (adaptations) were explored in many LMICs. Cases of gender-based violence (GBV) increased, with one in two women reporting that they have or know a woman who has experienced violence since the beginning of the pandemic. As per available evidence, many adaptations that have been implemented to date have been digitised, focused on getting SRH services closer to women. Through the pandemic, several LMIC governments have provided guidelines to support SRH service delivery. In addition, non-governmental organisations working in SRH programming have played significant roles in ensuring SRH services have been sustained by implementing several interventions at different levels of scale and to varying success. Most adaptations have focused on FP, with limited attention placed on GBV. Many adaptations have been implemented based on guidance and best practices and, in many cases, leveraged evidence-based interventions. However, some adaptations appear to have simply been the sensible thing to do. Where evaluations have been carried out, many have highlighted increased outputs and efficiency following the implementation of various adaptations. However, there is limited published evidence on their effectiveness, cost, value for money, acceptability, feasibility, and sustainability. In addition, the pandemic has been viewed as a homogenous event without recognising its troughs and waves or disentangling effects of response measures such as lockdowns from the pandemic itself. As the pandemic continues, neglected SRH services like those targeting GBV need to be urgently scaled up, and those being implemented with any adaptations should be rigorously tested.
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Hossain, Mazeda, Rachel Jane Pearson, Alys McAlpine, Loraine J. Bacchus, Jo Spangaro, Stella Muthuri, Sheru Muuo, et al. "Gender-based violence and its association with mental health among Somali women in a Kenyan refugee camp: a latent class analysis." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, November 4, 2020, jech—2020–214086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-214086.
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BackgroundIn conflict-affected settings, women and girls are vulnerable to gender-based violence (GBV). GBV is associated with poor long-term mental health such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Understanding the interaction between current violence and past conflict-related violence with ongoing mental health is essential for improving mental health service provision in refugee camps.MethodsUsing data collected from 209 women attending GBV case management centres in the Dadaab refugee camps, Kenya, we grouped women by recent experience of GBV using latent class analysis and modelled the relationship between the groups and symptomatic scores for anxiety, depression and PTSD using linear regression.ResultsWomen with past-year experience of intimate partner violence alone may have a higher risk of depression than women with past-year experience of non-partner violence alone (Coef. 1.68, 95% CI 0.25 to 3.11). Conflict-related violence was an important risk factor for poor mental health among women who accessed GBV services, despite time since occurrence (average time in camp was 11.5 years) and even for those with a past-year experience of GBV (Anxiety: 3.48, 1.85–5.10; Depression: 2.26, 0.51–4.02; PTSD: 6.83, 4.21–9.44).ConclusionRefugee women who experienced past-year intimate partner violence or conflict-related violence may be at increased risk of depression, anxiety or PTSD. Service providers should be aware that compared to the general refugee population, women who have experienced violence may require additional psychological support and recognise the enduring impact of violence that occurred before, during and after periods of conflict and tailor outreach and treatment services accordingly.
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Markan, Mridu, Radhika Dhingra, Mehak Segan, Vandana Dabla, Moni Sagar, Sharmila Neogi, Shrija Dey, and Nayan Chakravarty. "Gender-based violence programming in times of COVID-19: Challenges, strategies and recommendations." Frontiers in Global Women's Health 3 (December 6, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgwh.2022.952688.
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Gender-Based Violence (GBV) remains the most challenging and threatening manifestation of gender inequality in Indian society. The outbreak of COVID-19 in India increased the risk of exposure to GBV, often compared to the “shadow pandemic". Girls suffered disproportionally compared to boys during the pandemic -from being pulled out of schools, facing movement restrictions, and being more susceptible to forced marriage and household violence. Pre-existing gender inequalities and regressive gender norms, along with economic instability, also contributed to creating a milieu for violence to thrive. Additionally, the pandemic also challenged GBV service provision and program implementation at the community level. To meet the increasing needs of women and girls during the crisis, national and local civil society organizations attempted to adapt GBV programming and promote innovative approaches to tackle GBV. The secondary review provides insight on the GBV impact due to the COVID-19 pandemic and provides an overview of various challenges at the level of individual, community, institution, and policy. The literature review also highlights strategies adopted to combat GBV in private, public and cyberspace.
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Khanlou, Nazilla, Luz Maria Vazquez, Soheila Pashang, Jennifer A. Connolly, Farah Ahmad, and Andrew Ssawe. "2020 Syndemic: Convergence of COVID-19, Gender-Based Violence, and Racism Pandemics." Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, October 14, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40615-021-01146-w.
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Abstract Objective To conduct a rapid knowledge synthesis of literature on the social determinants of mental health of racialized women exposed to gender-based violence (GBV) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We adapted the Cochrane Rapid Reviews method and were guided by an equity lens in conducting rapid reviews on public health issues. Four electronic databases (Cochrane CENTRAL, Medline, ProQuest, and EBSCO), electronic news media, Google Scholar, and policy documents were searched for literature between January 2019 and October 2020 with no limitations for location. Fifty-five articles qualified for the review. Results Health emergencies heighten gender inequalities in relation to income, employment, job security, and working conditions. Household stress and pandemic-related restrictions (social distancing, closure of services) increase women’s vulnerability to violence. Systemic racism and discrimination intensify health disparities. Conclusion Racialized women are experiencing a 2020 Syndemic: a convergence of COVID-19, GBV, and racism pandemics, placing their wellbeing at a disproportionate risk. GBV is a public health issue and gender-responsive COVID-19 programming is essential. Anti-racist and equity-promoting policies to GBV service provision and disaggregated data collection are required.
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Huang, Keng-Yen, Manasi Kumar, Sabrina Cheng, Anya Elena Urcuyo, and Paul Macharia. "Applying technology to promote sexual and reproductive health and prevent gender based violence for adolescents in low and middle-income countries: digital health strategies synthesis from an umbrella review." BMC Health Services Research 22, no. 1 (November 19, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08673-0.
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Abstract Aim Adolescents in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) are facing numerous developmental, sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges including exposure to multidimensional violence. Gender-based violence (GBV) specifically intimate partner violence (IPV) are both highly prevalent in LMICs and are strongly linked with poor SRH outcomes. However, GBV and IPV interventions have not yet been adequately integrated in SRH due to individual, social, cultural, service, and resource barriers. To promote long-term SRH, a more holistic approach that integrates GBV and IPV, and adolescent development needs is imperative. Digital health has the potential to address multiple service setup, provision, and addressing access barriers through designing and providing integrated SRH care. However, there are no guidelines for an integrated digital SRH and development promotion for adolescents in LMICs. Methods An umbrella review was conducted to synthesize evidence in three inter-related areas of digital health intervention literature: (i) SRH, (ii) GBV specifically IPV as a subset, and (iii) adolescent development and health promotion. We first synthesize findings for each area of research, then further analyze the implications and opportunities to inform approaches to develop an integrated intervention that can holistically address multiple SRH needs of adolescents in LMICs. Articles published in English, between 2010 and 2020, and from PubMed were included. Results Seventeen review articles met our review inclusion criterion. Our primary finding is that application of digital health strategies for adolescent SRH promotion is highly feasible and acceptable. Although effectiveness evidence is insufficient to make strong recommendations for interventions and best practices suggestions, some user-centered design guidelines have been proposed for web-based health information and health application design for adolescent use. Additionally, several digital health strategies have also been identified that can be used to further develop integrated GBV-IPV-SRH-informed services to improve adolescent health outcomes. We generated several recommendations and strategies to guide future digital based SRH promotion research from our review. Conclusions Rigorous research that focuses on intervention effectiveness testing using a combination of digital health strategies and standardized albeit contextualized outcome measures would be important. Methodological improvement such as adoption of longitudinal experimental design will be crucial in generating evidence-based intervention and practice guidelines for adolescents in LMICs.
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McNab, Shanon E., Sean L. Dryer, Laura Fitzgerald, Patricia Gomez, Anam M. Bhatti, Edward Kenyi, Aleefia Somji, Neena Khadka, and Suzanne Stalls. "The silent burden: a landscape analysis of common perinatal mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries." BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 22, no. 1 (April 20, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04589-z.
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Abstract Background Mental health has long fallen behind physical health in attention, funding, and action—especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). It has been conspicuously absent from global reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health (MNCAH) programming, despite increasing awareness of the intergenerational impact of common perinatal mental disorders (CPMDs). However, the universal health coverage (UHC) movement and COVID-19 have brought mental health to the forefront, and the MNCAH community is looking to understand how to provide women effective, sustainable care at scale. To address this, MOMENTUM Country and Global Leadership (MCGL) commissioned a landscape analysis in December 2020 to assess the state of CPMDs and identify what is being done to address the burden in LMICs. Methods The landscape analysis (LA) used a multitiered approach. First, reviewers chose a scoping review methodology to search literature in PubMed, Google Scholar, PsychInfo, and Scopus. Titles and abstracts were reviewed before a multidisciplinary team conducted data extraction and analysis on relevant articles. Second, 44 key informant interviews and two focus group discussions were conducted with mental health, MNCAH, humanitarian, nutrition, gender-based violence (GBV), advocacy, and implementation research experts. Finally, reviewers completed a document analysis of relevant mental health policies from 19 countries. Results The LA identified risk factors for CPMDs, maternal mental health interventions and implementation strategies, and remaining knowledge gaps. Risk factors included social determinants, such as economic or gender inequality, and individual experiences, such as stillbirth. Core components identified in successful perinatal mental health (PMH) interventions at community level included stepped care, detailed context assessments, task-sharing models, and talk therapy; at health facility level, they included pre-service training on mental health, trained and supervised providers, referral and assessment processes, mental health support for providers, provision of respectful care, and linkages with GBV services. Yet, significant gaps remain in understanding how to address CPMDs. Conclusion These findings illuminate an urgent need to provide CPMD prevention and care to women in LMICs. The time is long overdue to take perinatal mental health seriously. Efforts should strive to generate better evidence while implementing successful approaches to help millions of women “suffering in silence.”
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LOLUA, DAVID, and MANANA ALADASHVILI. "GREEN TOURISM - A CONTRIBUTING FACTOR TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GREEN ECONOMY." Globalization and Business, July 4, 2020, 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35945/gb.2020.09.021.
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The article discusses green tourism and notes that green tourism in the regions of Georgia is at an early stage of development, with the potential and desire of the local population as a major user of green services. The proposed system of indicators may be universal for express-evaluation of the state at the regional level. The existing system of green tourism has shown that the state has to change its approaches to the formation of green tourism products (lack of green certification, etc.). The study identified trends in the growth of domestic tourism flows that can be proposed as effective promotion of regional tourism. For the further successful development of green tourism, it is first and foremost necessary to educate the public on a clear understanding of the increase in the price of these tours. One must realize and be aware that the money he or she pays to achieve a high quality of tourism is to serve specific ecological measures, one must feel the result of their implementation. Directions for improving green tourism include management system, ecotourism transport support, infrastructure development and provision of a wide range of services to the population that do not harm the ecological condition of the area, enhances the general ecological culture of the population, introduces new technologies for resource consumption and for waste recycling.
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LOLUA, DAVID, and MANANA ALADASHVILI. "GREEN TOURISM - A CONTRIBUTING FACTOR TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GREEN ECONOMY." Globalization and Business, July 4, 2020, 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35945/gb.2020.09.021.
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The article discusses green tourism and notes that green tourism in the regions of Georgia is at an early stage of development, with the potential and desire of the local population as a major user of green services. The proposed system of indicators may be universal for express-evaluation of the state at the regional level. The existing system of green tourism has shown that the state has to change its approaches to the formation of green tourism products (lack of green certification, etc.). The study identified trends in the growth of domestic tourism flows that can be proposed as effective promotion of regional tourism. For the further successful development of green tourism, it is first and foremost necessary to educate the public on a clear understanding of the increase in the price of these tours. One must realize and be aware that the money he or she pays to achieve a high quality of tourism is to serve specific ecological measures, one must feel the result of their implementation. Directions for improving green tourism include management system, ecotourism transport support, infrastructure development and provision of a wide range of services to the population that do not harm the ecological condition of the area, enhances the general ecological culture of the population, introduces new technologies for resource consumption and for waste recycling.
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"20.F. Workshop: Dental care – coverage and access across countries." European Journal of Public Health 30, Supplement_5 (September 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.984.
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Abstract Oral health is a central element of general health with significant impact in terms of pain, suffering, impairment of function and reduced quality of life. Although most oral disease can be prevented by health promotion strategies and routine access to primary oral health care, the GBD study 2017 estimated that oral diseases affect over 3.5 billion people worldwide (Watt et al, 2019). Given the importance of oral health and its potential contribution to achieving universal health coverage (UHC), it has received increased attention in public health debates in recent years. However, little is known about the large variations across countries in terms of service delivery, coverage and financing of oral health. There is a lack of international comparison and understanding of who delivers oral health services, how much is devoted to oral health care and who funds the costs for which type of treatment (Eaton et al., 2019). Yet, these aspects are central for understanding the scope for improvement regarding financial protection against costs of dental care and equal access to services in each country. This workshop aims to present the comparative research on dental care coverage in Europe, North America and Australia led by the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. Three presentations will look at dental care coverage using different methods and approaches. They will compare how well the population is covered for dental care especially within Europe and North America considering the health systems design and expenditure level on dental care, using the WHO coverage cube as analytical framework. The first presentation shows results of a cross-country Health Systems in Transition (HiT) review on dental care. It provides a comparative review and analysis of financing, coverage and access in 31 European countries, describing the main trends also in the provision of dental care. The second presentation compares dental care coverage in eight jurisdictions (Australia (New South Wales), Canada (Alberta), England, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, and the United States) with a particular focus on older adults. The third presentation uses a vignette approach to map the extent of coverage of dental services offered by statutory systems (social insurance, compulsory insurance, NHS) in selected countries in Europe and North America. This workshop provides the opportunity of a focussed discussion on coverage of dental care, which is often neglected in the discussion on access to health services and universal health coverage. The objectives of the workshop are to discuss the oral health systems in an international comparative setting and to draw lessons on best practices and coverage design. The World Conference on Public Health is hence a good opportunity for this workshop that contributes to frame the discussion on oral health systems in a global perspective. Key messages There is large degree of variation in the extent to which the costs of dental care are covered by the statutory systems worldwide with implications for oral health outcomes and financial protection. There is a need for a more systematic collection of oral health indicators to make analysis of reliable and comparable oral health data possible.
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TSARTSIDZE, MURMAN. "THE PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPING THE DISTANCE EMPLOYMENT UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF CORONOMICS IN GEORGIA." Globalization and Business, December 23, 2020, 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35945/gb.2020.10.017.
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In the era of current globalization, when the whole world is faced with the qualitatively new economic crisis, for the purpose of raising the living standards of population the great importance is attached to ensuring their effective employment. The latter belongs to the major social-economic issues and poses quite a serious challenge to a country. The aforesaid is also conditioned by the fact that at the current stage of formation and operation of labour market the unemployment is regarded as the key factor causing poverty. Under the conditions of coronomics the problem is more exacerbated by thousands of workplaces having been temporarily suspended and lost due to the spread of Covid19 within the country. In such a situation it would be difficult to cope with the unemployment and make progress in effective employment without developing the socio-labour relations and applying its qualitatively new forms. Occasioned by the above mentioned, the paper aims at the profound study of peculiarities of the forms of distance employment, which are widespread in the international practice, and focuses on the formulation of certain directions and recommendations relating to the potential and prospects of their utilization in the country. In particular, on the basis of the research and analysis conducted the following key recommendations and conclusions have been reached: 1. In the contemporary world the expansion of non-standard employment including the distance employment has radically changed the tendencies of developing the labour market. The mentioned forms of employment are characterized by: labour flexibility; the application of non-standard organizational-legal forms of labour; the adaptation of employers and employees to the constantly changing economic conditions; the realization of their interests, etc.; 2. In the developed countries the distance employment greatly contributes to the increase in the overall level and scales of employment. Its main distinctive mark is the existence of workplaces out of enterprise (outworks). Accordingly, the distance employment is examined in the context of non-standard employment represented as the form of long-term labour relations with a single employer, which diverges from the standard model of full, regulated and open employment according to one or several criteria (performance, labour regime, labour hours, working conditions, work outcomes, working hours, work place and its location, social protection, the correlation between the subjects of labour relations, etc.); 3. Based on its attractiveness as well as by popular demand, the distance employment is recently developing and enhancing at a fast pace all over the world. For instance, while at the outset of the 2000s approximately 30.0 million people were employed on distance jobs in the USA and EU countries, in the second decade of XXI century their number increased to 55.0 – 60.0 million. The quantity of distance employers is annually growing by 20%-30% worldwide. In 2019, the number of outworking employees equaled to 39.0% all over the world. In addition, 28% more of employees had the right to distance jobs. The USA, Canada, Finland, Denmark and Sweden lead this sphere; 4. The advantages of distance employment are as follows: 1. On behalf of employees: flexible working hours; the standard, comfortable conditions of employment; the opportunity to get education and participate in the socially useful activities; extra income; contracts with outer organizations; the possibility to schedule the working time and the labour optimization; the provision of high efficiency and quality of work; the maintenance of the personal rhythm, resting and working time and their protection; saving of expenses; the decrease in time of communications; comfortable working space; the lack of corporate culture; the distance employment is the basis of creative self-realization, pleasure and satisfaction for a number of employers. 2.On behalf of employers: employing the professionals and providing the flexibility of personnel; raising the labour productivity and efficiency; ensuring the personnel loyalty; providing the clients with round –the-clock information services; forming the flexible organizational structure for enterprises; work site arrangement, saving rental costs. 3. On behalf of a state: the increase in the level of employment and the decrease in the level of unemployment; the development of distance employment involving the disabled persons; the decrease in traffic in the country; the increase in the number of economically active population; scaling down the migration; 5. Apart from the positive points, the expansion of distance employment is related to the significant risk factors, which necessitate the introduction of their controlling mechanism by the state. It should be focused on reducing the aforesaid riskfactors to minimum level and protecting social and legal rights of employees; 6. Occasioned by the goals of ensuring the effective employment as well as according to National Strategy for Labour Market and Employment Policy of Georgia 2019-2023, the provision of developing the non-standard forms of employment assumes the great importance in the country. It is also essential to regularly conduct the impact assessment defining the scales of distance jobs and the pace of their expansion at the level of total employment; 7. In order to conduct the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of distance employment at the overall level of employment, we deem it expedient to make its classification not in terms of the scope of fields but according to the professions, which are currently singled out as being in great demand. Currently, at the labour market of Georgia the following specialties are most demanded by employers: 1. A specialist in marketing; 2. Sales manager; 3. The specialist in the area of internet-technologies; 4. A web-designer; 5. A programmer; 6. Distributer; 7. Tourism ( where the demands have, accordingly, increased on the specialties such as a waiter, a barman, a hotel manager, a guide); 8. Audit; 9. Accountant – financier; 10. A doctor; 11. A lawyer; 12. A teacher; 13. A construction manager; 14. Translator, etc. Exactly the mentioned professions are attractive in terms of developing the distance employment in a number of developed countries abroad; 8. With the aim of raising the efficiency of state programs for employment and regulating the distance employment, the regular researches should be necessarily implemented in the direction of determining the real demands on working forces at the labour market. This is the only way offering the real prospects for developing the distance employment and their involvement in the state and regional programs of employment. The latter will considerably contribute to improving the quality of working life of population and ultimately, the raise of living standards.