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Journal articles on the topic 'GBSAR'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Crosetto, M., O. Monserrat, G. Luzi, N. Devanthéry, M. Cuevas-González, and A. Barra. "DATA PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS TOOLS BASED ON GROUND-BASED SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (September 13, 2017): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-593-2017.

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The Ground-Based SAR (GBSAR) is a terrestrial remote sensing technique used to measure and monitor deformation. In this paper we describe two complementary approaches to derive deformation measurements using GBSAR data. The first approach is based on radar interferometry, while the second one exploits the GBSAR amplitude. In this paper we consider the so-called discontinuous GBSAR acquisition mode. The interferometric process is not always straightforward: it requires appropriate data processing and analysis tools. One of the main critical steps is phase unwrapping, which can critically affect the deformation measurements. In this paper we describe the procedure used at the CTTC to process and analyse discontinuous GBSAR data. In the second part of the paper we describe the approach based on GBSAR amplitude images and an image-matching method.
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2

Wang, Zheng, Zhenhong Li, Yanxiong Liu, Junhuan Peng, Sichun Long, and Jon Mills. "A New Processing Chain for Real-Time Ground-Based SAR (RT-GBSAR) Deformation Monitoring." Remote Sensing 11, no. 20 (October 20, 2019): 2437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11202437.

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Due to the high temporal resolution (e.g., 10 s) required, and large data volumes (e.g., 360 images per hour) that result, there remain significant issues in processing continuous ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GBSAR) data. This includes the delay in creating displacement maps, the cost of computational memory, and the loss of temporal evolution in the simultaneous processing of all data together. In this paper, a new processing chain for real-time GBSAR (RT-GBSAR) is proposed on the basis of the interferometric SAR small baseline subset concept, whereby GBSAR images are processed unit by unit. The outstanding issues have been resolved by the proposed RT-GBSAR chain with three notable features: (i) low requirement of computational memory; (ii) insights into the temporal evolution of surface movements through temporarily-coherent pixels; and (iii) real-time capability of processing a theoretically infinite number of images. The feasibility of the proposed RT-GBSAR chain is demonstrated through its application to both a fast-changing sand dune and a coastal cliff with submillimeter precision.
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3

Lim, Chee Siong, Voon Chet Koo, and Yee Kit Chan. "The Integrated Simulation and Processing Tool for Ground Based Synthetic Aperture Radar (GBSAR)." Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Physics 1, no. 2 (December 17, 2019): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33093/jetap.2019.1.2.5.

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Ground-based Synthetic Aperture Radar (GBSAR) is a tremendous example of the extended applications of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). GBSAR is extremely useful in human-made structure observations, terrain mapping, landslide monitoring and many more. However, the process of designing and developing the GBSAR system is rather costly and time-consuming. It would be of a great advantage for system designers to have a realistic simulation and designing tool to anticipate the results before the implementation of the final design. In this paper, we are going to present the integrated simulation and designing tool that we have developed for a generic GBSAR system. We named it iSIM v2.0.
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Siong Lim, Chee, Voon Chet Koo, and Yee Kit Chan. "The Integrated Simulation and Processing Tool for Ground Based Synthetic Aperture Radar (GBSAR)." Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Physics 1, no. 2 (December 17, 2019): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33093/jetap.2019.1.2.50.

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Ground-based Synthetic Aperture Radar (GBSAR) is a tremendous example of the extended applications of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). GBSAR is extremely useful in human-made structure observations, terrain mapping, landslide monitoring and many more. However, the process of designing and developing the GBSAR system is rather costly and time-consuming. It would be of a great advantage for system designers to have a realistic simulation and designing tool to anticipate the results before the implementation of the final design. In this paper, we are going to present the integrated simulation and designing tool that we have developed for a generic GBSAR system. We named it iSIM v2.0
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5

Crosetto, Michele, Oriol Monserrat, Guido Luzi, María Cuevas-González, and Núria Devanthéry. "Discontinuous GBSAR deformation monitoring." ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 93 (July 2014): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2014.04.002.

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6

Hosseiny, B., J. Amini, and H. Aghababaei. "INTERFEROMETRIC PROCESSING OF A DEVELOPED MIMO GBSAR FOR DISPLACEMENT MONITORING." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences X-4/W1-2022 (January 13, 2023): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-4-w1-2022-301-2023.

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Abstract. This study demonstrates the interferometric processing experiments of our developed multiple-input multiple-output ground-based synthetic aperture radar (MIMO GBSAR) system. GBSAR systems are known as precise noncontact instruments for monitoring earth dynamics. In recent years W band MIMO radars have shown interesting potential in this field due to their low cost, compact size, and high phase sensitivity. MIMO capability enables the angular discrimination of multiple targets in the same range as the radar sensor. In our previous works, we developed a high-resolution MIMO GBSAR system based on the combination of MIMO radar and mechanical rail. Accordingly, this study investigates the developed system’s displacement monitoring capability by presenting a controlled experiment, using fixed and moving corner reflectors and gathering 36 time series of data. We compare and discuss the results obtained from MIMO GBSAR and MIMO radar configurations. The results show that our developed system highly agrees with MIMO radar’s interferometric measurements while providing a better target discrimination capability and higher signal noise ratio.
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7

Beni, Alessandra, Lapo Miccinesi, Alberto Michelini, and Massimiliano Pieraccini. "Temporal Coherence Estimators for GBSAR." Remote Sensing 14, no. 13 (June 24, 2022): 3039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14133039.

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Many Ground-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar (GBSAR) applications demand preliminary analysis to select areas with high-quality signal. That is, areas in which the phase can be processed to extract the desired information. The interferometric coherence and the amplitude dispersion index are important tools widely used in the literature to assess the quality of GBSAR images. So far, no direct relation has been found between the two. Indeed, they are parameters of different natures: amplitude dispersion index is calculated with only amplitude values, while coherence provides information also on the signal phase. The purpose of this article is to find a relation between the two parameters. Indeed, the amplitude dispersion index provides some practical advantages if compared to coherence estimators, especially to perform fast preliminary analysis. In this article, a theoretical relation between amplitude dispersion index and coherence is retrieved. GBSAR measurements acquired in different scenarios, at different working frequencies are presented and used to validate such a relation.
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8

Amézaga, Adrià, Carlos López-Martínez, and Roger Jové. "A Multi-Frequency SDR-Based GBSAR: System Overview and First Results." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9 (April 21, 2021): 1613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091613.

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This work describes a system-level overview of a multi-frequency GBSAR built around a high performance software defined radio (SDR). The main goal of the instrument is to be employed as a demonstrator and experimental platform for multi-frequency GBSAR campaigns. The system is capable of operating in P, L, C and X-bands, and signal generation and digital signal processing are customizable and reconfigurable through software. An overview of the software and hardware and implementations of the system are presented. The operation of the system is demonstrated with two measuring campaigns showing focused amplitude images at different frequencies. It is shown how the usage of SDR for GBSAR systems is a viable design option.
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9

Kačan, Marin, Filip Turčinović, Dario Bojanjac, and Marko Bosiljevac. "Deep Learning Approach for Object Classification on Raw and Reconstructed GBSAR Data." Remote Sensing 14, no. 22 (November 10, 2022): 5673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14225673.

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The availability of low-cost microwave components today enables the development of various high-frequency sensors and radars, including Ground-based Synthetic Aperture Radar (GBSAR) systems. Similar to optical images, radar images generated by applying a reconstruction algorithm on raw GBSAR data can also be used in object classification. The reconstruction algorithm provides an interpretable representation of the observed scene, but may also negatively influence the integrity of obtained raw data due to applied approximations. In order to quantify this effect, we compare the results of a conventional computer vision architecture, ResNet18, trained on reconstructed images versus one trained on raw data. In this process, we focus on the task of multi-label classification and describe the crucial architectural modifications that are necessary to process raw data successfully. The experiments are performed on a novel multi-object dataset RealSAR obtained using a newly developed 24 GHz (GBSAR) system where the radar images in the dataset are reconstructed using the Omega-k algorithm applied to raw data. Experimental results show that the model trained on raw data consistently outperforms the image-based model. We provide a thorough analysis of both approaches across hyperparameters related to model pretraining and the size of the training dataset. This, in conclusion, shows how processing raw data provides overall better classification accuracy, it is inherently faster since there is no need for image reconstruction and it is therefore useful tool in industrial GBSAR applications where processing speed is critical.
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10

Martínez, Arturo, Albert Aguasca, Marc Lort, and Antoni Broquetas. "Micrometric deformation imaging at W-Band with GBSAR." European Journal of Remote Sensing 49, no. 1 (January 2016): 719–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5721/eujrs20164937.

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11

Pieraccini, Massimiliano, and Lapo Miccinesi. "Cross-Pol Transponder with Frequency Shifter for Bistatic Ground-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar." Remote Sensing 10, no. 9 (August 28, 2018): 1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10091364.

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Ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GBSAR) systems are popular remote sensing instruments for detecting the ground changes of landslides, glaciers, and open pits as well as for detecting small displacements of large structures, such as bridges and dams. Recently (2017), a novel mono/bistatic GBSAR configuration was proposed to acquire two different components of displacement of the targets in the field of view. This bistatic configuration relies on a transponder that consists—in its basic implementation—of just two antennas and an amplifier. The aim of this article was to design and experimentally test an improved transponder with cross-polarized antennas and frequency shifter that is able to prevent possible oscillations even at very high gain, as required in long-range applications. The transponder was successfully field-tested, and its measured gain was 91 dB gain.
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12

Shao, Zelong, Xiangkun Zhang, and Yingsong Li. "LANDSLIDES MONITORING WITH A SQUINT ANGLE BASED ON GBSAR." Progress In Electromagnetics Research M 80 (2019): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierm19012202.

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13

Zhang, H. Y., Q. P. Zhai, L. Chen, Y. J. Liu, K. Q. Zhou, Y. S. Wang, and Y. D. Dou. "THE MONITORING CASE OF GROUND-BASED SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR WITH FREQUENCY MODULATED CONTINUOUS WAVE SYSTEM." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (September 13, 2017): 671–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-671-2017.

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The features of the landslide geological disaster are wide distribution, variety, high frequency, high intensity, destructive and so on. It has become a natural disaster with harmful and wide range of influence. The technology of ground-based synthetic aperture radar is a novel deformation monitoring technology developed in recent years. The features of the technology are large monitoring area, high accuracy, long distance without contact and so on. In this paper, fast ground-based synthetic aperture radar (Fast-GBSAR) based on frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) system is used to collect the data of Ma Liuzui landslide in Chongqing. The device can reduce the atmospheric errors caused by rapidly changing environment. The landslide deformation can be monitored in severe weather conditions (for example, fog) by Fast-GBSAR with acquisition speed up to 5 seconds per time. The data of Ma Liuzui landslide in Chongqing are analyzed in this paper. The result verifies that the device can monitor landslide deformation under severe weather conditions.
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14

Pieraccini, Massimiliano, Neda Rojhani, and Lapo Miccinesi. "Compressive Sensing for Ground Based Synthetic Aperture Radar." Remote Sensing 10, no. 12 (December 5, 2018): 1960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10121960.

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Compressive sensing (CS) is a recent technique that promises to dramatically speed up the radar acquisition. Previous works have already tested CS for ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GBSAR) performing preliminary simulations or carrying out measurements in controlled environments. The aim of this article is a systematic study on the effective applicability of CS for GBSAR with data acquired in real scenarios: an urban environment (a seven-storey building), an open-pit mine, and a natural slope (a glacier in the Italian Alps). The authors tested the most popular sets of orthogonal functions (the so-called ‘basis’) and three different recovery methods (l1-minimization, l2-minimization, orthogonal pursuit matching). They found that Haar wavelets as orthogonal basis is a reasonable choice in most scenarios. Furthermore, they found that, for any tested basis and recovery method, the quality of images is very poor with less than 30% of data. They also found that the peak signal–noise ratio (PSNR) of the recovered images increases linearly of 2.4 dB for each 10% increase of data.
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15

Wang, Yanping, Yang Song, Yun Lin, Yang Li, Yuan Zhang, and Wen Hong. "Interferometric DEM-Assisted High Precision Imaging Method for ArcSAR." Sensors 19, no. 13 (July 1, 2019): 2921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19132921.

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Ground-based arc-scanning synthetic aperture radar (ArcSAR) is the novel ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GBSAR). It scans 360-degree surrounding scenes by the antenna attached to rotating boom. Therefore, compared with linear scanning GBSAR, ArcSAR has larger field of view. Although the feasibility of ArcSAR has been verified in recent years, its imaging algorithm still presents difficulties. The imaging accuracy of ArcSAR is affected by terrain fluctuation. For rotating scanning ArcSAR, even if targets in scenes have the same range and Doppler with antenna, if the heights of targets are different, their range migration will be different. Traditional ArcSAR imaging algorithms achieve imaging on reference plane. The height difference between reference plane and target in scenes will cause the decrease of imaging quality or even image defocusing because the range migration cannot be compensated correctly. For obtaining high-precision ArcSAR image, we propose interferometric DEM (digital elevation model)-assisted high precision imaging method for ArcSAR. The interferometric ArcSAR is utilized to acquire DEM. With the assist of DEM, target in scenes can be imaged on its actual height. In this paper, we analyze the error caused by ArcSAR imaging on reference plane. The method of extracting DEM on ground range for assisted ArcSAR imaging is also given. Besides, DEM accuracy and deformation monitoring accuracy of proposed method are analyzed. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by experiments.
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16

Long, Sichun, Aixia Tong, Ying Yuan, Zhenhong Li, Wenhao Wu, and Chuanguang Zhu. "New Approaches to Processing Ground-based SAR (GBSAR) Data for Deformation Monitoring." Remote Sensing 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2018): 1936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10121936.

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In this paper, aiming at the limitation of persistence scatterers (PS) points selection, a new method for selecting PS points has been introduced based on the average coherence coefficient, amplitude dispersion index, estimated signal-to-noise ratio and displacement standard deviation of multiple threshold optimization. The stability and quality of this method are better than that of a single model. In addition, an atmospheric correction model has also been proposed to estimate the atmospheric effects on Ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GBSAR) observations. After comparing the monitoring results before and after correction, we clearly found that the results are in good agreement with the actual observations after applying the proposed atmospheric correction approach.
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17

Liu, Wang, Huang, and Yang. "An Improved Second-Order Blind Identification (SOBI) Signal De-Noising Method for Dynamic Deflection Measurements of Bridges Using Ground-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar (GBSAR)." Applied Sciences 9, no. 17 (August 30, 2019): 3561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9173561.

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Ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GBSAR) technology has been widely used for bridge dynamic deflection measurements due to its advantages of non-contact measurements, high frequency, and high accuracy. To reduce the influence of noise in dynamic deflection measurements of bridges using GBSAR—especially for noise of the instantaneous vibrations of the instrument itself caused by passing vehicles—an improved second-order blind identification (SOBI) signal de-noising method is proposed to obtain the de-noised time-series displacement of bridges. First, the obtained time-series displacements of three adjacent monitoring points in the same time domain are selected as observation signals, and the second-order correlations among the three time-series displacements are removed using a whitening process. Second, a mixing matrix is calculated using the joint approximation diagonalization technique for covariance matrices and to further obtain three separate signal components. Finally, the three separate signal components are converted in the frequency domain using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm, and the noise signal components are identified using a spectrum analysis. A new, independent, separated signal component matrix is generated using a zeroing process for the noise signal components. This process is inversely reconstructed using a mixing matrix to recover the original amplitude of the de-noised time-series displacement of the middle monitoring point among three adjacent monitoring points. The results of both simulated and on-site experiments show that the improved SOBI method has a powerful signal de-noising ability.
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18

Zhu, Yan, Bing Xu, Zhiwei Li, Jingxin Hou, and Qijie Wang. "Monitoring Bridge Vibrations Based on GBSAR and Validation by High-Rate GPS Measurements." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 14 (2021): 5572–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3083494.

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19

Wang, Yanping, Qiming Zhang, Yun Lin, Ziheng Zhao, and Yang Li. "Multi-Phase-Center Sidelobe Suppression Method for Circular GBSAR Based on Sparse Spectrum." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 133802–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3010584.

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20

Pieraccini, Massimiliano, Lapo Miccinesi, and Neda Rojhani. "A GBSAR Operating in Monostatic and Bistatic Modalities for Retrieving the Displacement Vector." IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 14, no. 9 (September 2017): 1494–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2017.2717857.

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21

Hosseiny, Benyamin, Jalal Amini, and Safieddin Safavi-Naeini. "Comparison Study of Signal Processing Algorithms for 3D SAR Imaging of MM-WAVE GBSAR System." Journal of Geospatial Information Technology 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/jgit.10.1.69.

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22

Wang, Zheng, Zhenhong Li, and Jon Mills. "Modelling of instrument repositioning errors in discontinuous Multi-Campaign Ground-Based SAR (MC-GBSAR) deformation monitoring." ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 157 (November 2019): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2019.08.019.

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23

Qiu, Zhiwei, Jianping Yue, Xueqin Wang, and Shun Yue. "DEFORMATION MONITORING OF LARGE STRUCTURES BY GROUND-BASED SAR INTERFEROMETRY." Boletim de Ciências Geodésicas 22, no. 1 (March 2016): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1982-21702016000100003.

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In this paper, a ground-based SAR interferometry technology was used to monitor major enginerring. This technology has been recognized as a powerful tool for terrain monitoring and structural change detecting. Deformation monitoring for large project has been a hot issue among them. According to GBSAR interferometry principle and characteristics of IBIS system, the authors analysis the error sources of deformation monitoring, and experimentally extract atmospheric phase which should removed based on permanent scatterer analysis. Atmospheric disturbance effect analysis is discussed in this paper, and an atmospheric correction method is proposed to remove atmospheric effect, then the effective displacement can be retrieved. Results from this approach have been compared with that from traditional method in this campaign, GBInSAR technology can be exploited successfully in deformation monitoring for major projects with high accuracy 1-3.
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Peng, J., J. Cai, and H. Yang. "A RAIL CENTRAL DISPLACEMENT METHOD ABOUT GB-SAR." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B7 (June 22, 2016): 865–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b7-865-2016.

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This paper presents a new method to correct rail errors of Ground Based Synthetic Aperture Radar (GB-SAR) in the discontinue mode. Generally, “light positioning” is performed to mark the GB-SAR position in the dis-continuous observation mode. Usually we assume there is no difference between the marked position and the real installation position. But in fact, it is hard to keep the GB-SAR positions of two campaigns the same, so repositioning errors can’t be neglected. In order to solve this problem, we propose an algorithm to correct the rail error after analyzing the GB-SAR rail error geometry. Results of the simulation experiment and the real experiment of a landslide in Lvliang, Shanxi, China, show the proposed method achieves an mm-level precision, enabling the D-GBSAR mode to be used in engineering projects.
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Miccinesi, Lapo, Tommaso Consumi, Alessandra Beni, and Massimiliano Pieraccini. "W-band MIMO GB-SAR for Bridge Testing/Monitoring." Electronics 10, no. 18 (September 14, 2021): 2261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10182261.

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Interferometric radars are widely used for static and dynamic monitoring of large structures such as bridges, culverts, wind turbine towers, chimneys, masonry towers, stay cables, buildings, and monuments. Most of these radars operate in Ku-band (17 GHz). Nevertheless, a higher operative frequency could allow the design of smaller, lighter, and faster equipment. In this paper, a fast MIMO-GBSAR (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Ground-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar) operating in W-band (77 GHz) has been proposed. The radar can complete a scan in less than 8 s. Furthermore, as its overall dimension is smaller than 230 mm, it can be easily fixed to the head of a camera tripod, which makes its deployment in the field very easy, even by a single operator. The performance of this radar was tested in a controlled environment and in a realistic case study.
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Peng, J., J. Cai, and H. Yang. "A RAIL CENTRAL DISPLACEMENT METHOD ABOUT GB-SAR." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B7 (June 22, 2016): 865–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b7-865-2016.

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This paper presents a new method to correct rail errors of Ground Based Synthetic Aperture Radar (GB-SAR) in the discontinue mode. Generally, “light positioning” is performed to mark the GB-SAR position in the dis-continuous observation mode. Usually we assume there is no difference between the marked position and the real installation position. But in fact, it is hard to keep the GB-SAR positions of two campaigns the same, so repositioning errors can’t be neglected. In order to solve this problem, we propose an algorithm to correct the rail error after analyzing the GB-SAR rail error geometry. Results of the simulation experiment and the real experiment of a landslide in Lvliang, Shanxi, China, show the proposed method achieves an mm-level precision, enabling the D-GBSAR mode to be used in engineering projects.
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27

Liu, Xianglei, Hui Wang, and Yimeng Huang. "SCBSS Signal De-Noising Method of Integrating EEMD and ESMD for Dynamic Deflection of Bridges Using GBSAR." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 14 (2021): 2845–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3061543.

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28

Beni, Alessandra, Lapo Miccinesi, and Massimiliano Pieraccini. "Comparison between Compressive Sensing and Non-Uniform Array for a MIMO GBSAR with Elevation Resolution: Simulations and Experimental Tests." Electronics 12, no. 5 (February 23, 2023): 1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12051100.

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Ground-based synthetic aperture radars (GBSAR) are popular instruments widely used for the monitoring of infrastructures. One of the main problems of ground-based interferometric radars is the elevation ambiguity. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) arrays could solve this problem. This work proposes a study on possible MIMO configurations to achieve elevation resolution in ground-based radar measurements. Specifically, two array configurations are compared: a random sparse array suitable for the compressive sensing technique, and a non-uniform array. The two solutions are compared by means of simulations and experimental tests. An ad hoc system has been developed to jointly test the two configurations, and results obtained in a controlled and real urban scenario are shown. It is found that both systems are able to solve elevation ambiguity. The non-uniform array seems to achieve good performance in a general scenario, while the CS processing can outperform the other only after optimization, depending on the specific scenario and application.
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Lim, Chee Siong, Yee Kit Chan, Voon Chet Koo, and William How-Hsin Hii. "PHASE STATISTICAL MODEL AND CORRECTION IN IMAGERY OF GROUND BASED SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR (GBSAR) FOR LAND DEFORMATION MONITORING." Progress In Electromagnetics Research C 97 (2019): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierc19090506.

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30

Gili, Josep A., Jose Moya, Jordi Corominas, Michele Crosetto, and Oriol Monserrat. "Past, Present and Future Monitoring at the Vallcebre Landslide (Eastern Pyrenees, Spain)." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020571.

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Works carried out to monitor the displacements of the Vallcebre landslide (Pyrenees range, NE of Spain) since 1987 are presented. The landslide, which extends over an area of about 0.8 km2 and affects more than 20 × 106 m3, has experienced displacements of up to one meter per year in some points and periods. It has been periodically monitored since 1987, using a wide range of surface and in-hole techniques: triangulation with theodolite, Terrestrial Photogrammetry, Electronic Distance Measurement, GNSS-GPS, inclinometers, wire extensometers, piezometers, DInSAR (satellite) and GBSAR (terrestrial). The results obtained using new techniques are compared with those obtained with GNSS-GPS and a wire extensometer, and checked against fixed stable points. From this comparison, we conclude that even though wire extensometers and inclinometers may have the highest precision, in practice, all systems play potentially valuable roles in providing meaningful data for monitoring at different study stages. In the near future, we envisage the installation of a Distributed Fiber Optic array to monitor the risk with a certain space and time continuity. After the evaluation of the precision and advantages of the different methods, the complementary use of some of them is strongly recommended.
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Gili, Josep A., Jose Moya, Jordi Corominas, Michele Crosetto, and Oriol Monserrat. "Past, Present and Future Monitoring at the Vallcebre Landslide (Eastern Pyrenees, Spain)." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020571.

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Works carried out to monitor the displacements of the Vallcebre landslide (Pyrenees range, NE of Spain) since 1987 are presented. The landslide, which extends over an area of about 0.8 km2 and affects more than 20 × 106 m3, has experienced displacements of up to one meter per year in some points and periods. It has been periodically monitored since 1987, using a wide range of surface and in-hole techniques: triangulation with theodolite, Terrestrial Photogrammetry, Electronic Distance Measurement, GNSS-GPS, inclinometers, wire extensometers, piezometers, DInSAR (satellite) and GBSAR (terrestrial). The results obtained using new techniques are compared with those obtained with GNSS-GPS and a wire extensometer, and checked against fixed stable points. From this comparison, we conclude that even though wire extensometers and inclinometers may have the highest precision, in practice, all systems play potentially valuable roles in providing meaningful data for monitoring at different study stages. In the near future, we envisage the installation of a Distributed Fiber Optic array to monitor the risk with a certain space and time continuity. After the evaluation of the precision and advantages of the different methods, the complementary use of some of them is strongly recommended.
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32

Owerko, Tomasz, Przemysław Kuras, and Łukasz Ortyl. "Atmospheric Correction Thresholds for Ground-Based Radar Interferometry Deformation Monitoring Estimated Using Time Series Analyses." Remote Sensing 12, no. 14 (July 12, 2020): 2236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12142236.

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Ground-based radar interferometry (GBSAR) is a useful method to control the stability of engineering objects and elements of geographical spaces at risk of deformation or displacement. To secure accurate and credible measurement results, it is crucial to consider atmospheric conditions as they influence the corrections to distance measurements. These conditions are especially important considering the radar bandwidth used. Measurements for the stability of engineering objects are not always performed in locations where meteorological monitoring is prevalent; however, information about the range of variability in atmospheric corrections is always welcome. The authors present a hybrid method to estimate the probable need of atmospheric corrections, which allows partly eliminating false positive alarms of deformations as caused by atmospheric fluctuations. Unlike the numerous publications on atmospheric reductions focused on the current state of the atmosphere, the proposed solution is based on applying a classic machine learning algorithm designed for the SARIMAX (Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with covariate at time) time series data model for satellite data shared by NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) during the Landsat MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) mission before performing residual estimation during the monitoring phase. Example calculations (proof of concept) were made for ten-year satellite data covering a region for experimental flood bank stability observations as performed using the IBIS-L (Image by Interferometric Survey—Landslide) radar and for target monitoring data (ground measurements).
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33

Lin, Yun, Yutong Liu, Yanping Wang, Shengbo Ye, Yuan Zhang, Yang Li, Wei Li, Hongquan Qu, and Wen Hong. "Frequency Domain Panoramic Imaging Algorithm for Ground-Based ArcSAR." Sensors 20, no. 24 (December 8, 2020): 7027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247027.

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The ground-based arc-scanning synthetic aperture radar (ArcSAR) is capable of 360° scanning of the surroundings with the antenna fixed on a rotating arm. ArcSAR has much wider field of view when compared with conventional ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GBSAR) scanning on a linear rail. It has already been used in deformation monitoring applications. This paper mainly focuses on the accurate and fast imaging algorithms for ArcSAR. The curvature track makes the image focusing challenging and, in the classical frequency domain, fast imaging algorithms that are designed for linear rail SAR cannot be readily applied. This paper proposed an efficient frequency domain imaging algorithm for ArcSAR. The proposed algorithm takes advantage of the angular shift-invariant property of the ArcSAR signal, and it deduces the accurate matched filter in the angular-frequency domain, so panoramic images in polar coordinates with wide swath can be obtained at one time without segmenting strategy. When compared with existing ArcSAR frequency domain algorithms, the proposed algorithm is more accurate and efficient, because it has neither far range nor narrow beam antenna restrictions. The proposed method is validated by both simulation and real data. The results show that our algorithm brings the quality of image close to the time domain back-projection (BP) algorithm at a processing efficiency about two orders of magnitude better, and it has better image quality than the existing frequency domain Lee’s algorithm at a comparable processing speed.
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34

Han, Jianfeng, Honglei Yang, Youfeng Liu, Zhaowei Lu, Kai Zeng, and Runcheng Jiao. "A Deep Learning Application for Deformation Prediction from Ground-Based InSAR." Remote Sensing 14, no. 20 (October 11, 2022): 5067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14205067.

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Ground-based synthetic aperture radar interferometry (GB-InSAR) has the characteristics of high precision, high temporal resolution, and high spatial resolution, and is widely used in highwall deformation monitoring. The traditional GB-InSAR real-time processing method is to process the whole data set or group in time sequence. This type of method takes up a lot of computer memory, has low efficiency, cannot meet the timeliness of slope monitoring, and cannot perform deformation prediction and disaster warning forecasting. In response to this problem, this paper proposes a GB-InSAR time series processing method based on the LSTM (long short-term memory) model. First, according to the early monitoring data of GBSAR equipment, the time series InSAR method (PS-InSAR, SBAS, etc.) is used to obtain the initial deformation information. According to the deformation calculated in the previous stage and the atmospheric environmental parameters monitored, the LSTM model is used to predict the deformation and atmospheric delay at the next time. The phase is removed from the interference phase, and finally the residual phase is unwrapped using the spatial domain unwrapping algorithm to solve the residual deformation. The predicted deformation and the residual deformation are added to obtain the deformation amount at the current moment. This method only needs to process the difference map at the current moment, which greatly saves time series processing time and can realize the prediction of deformation variables. The reliability of the proposed method is verified by ground-based SAR monitoring data of the Guangyuan landslide in Sichuan Province.
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35

Zhang, J. "INSAR COLLABORATIVE MONITORING MODE AND MULTI-MODE COMPUTING SERVICES FOR GEOHAZARDS IDENTIFICATION IN OPEN-PIT MINING AREA." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B1-2021 (June 28, 2021): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2021-241-2021.

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Abstract. InSAR has developed a variety of methods, such as D-InSAR, PS-InSAR, MBAS, CT, SqueeSAR, POT, etc., which have been widely used in land subsidence monitoring. For open pit mining areas, there are usually mining activity, complex terrain features, low coherence, and local large deformation gradients, which makes it difficult for time series InSAR technology to obtain high-density surface deformation information in open pit mining areas. Traditional methods usually only monitor the linear deformation of the surface caused by the mining of a few working zone above the underground mining area, and the temporal and spatial resolution is lower. How to obtain high-precision, high-density, and time-sensitive deformation information is the main difficulty of InSAR monitoring in open pit mining areas. Make full use of the geosensor network monitoring system, optimize monitoring mode of collaborated satellite-to-ground based InSAR, further realize whole calculation and geographic information services, to achieve early identification and discovery of abnormal in large-area macro-monitoring, and accurate monitoring of local areas in real-time early warning, which is the development direction of ground deformation monitoring of mining areas. The study area is Pingshuo open pit mining area. we fully study the application mode and services of InSAR monitoring for geohazards in open-pit mining area, through the establishment of satellite InSAR technology system for large-scale macro-monitoring and forecasting, and GBSAR and GSN for local precision monitoring. The effective mode of InSAR monitoring of geohazard in open-pit mines is summarized. A combination of D-InSAR, POT (Pixel offset tracking), Time Series-InSAR and GB-SAR is used in a wide range, and high-resolution optical images are used to identify localized changes in subsidence areas and open-pit mining areas.
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36

Debu, Pascal. "GBAR." Hyperfine Interactions 212, no. 1-3 (September 22, 2011): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10751-011-0379-4.

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37

Uezono, Yasuhito, Masato Kanaide, Muneshige Kaibara, Rachel Barzilai, Nathan Dascal, Koji Sumikawa, and Kohtaro Taniyama. "Coupling of GABAB receptor GABAB2 subunit to G proteins: evidence from Xenopus oocyte and baby hamster kidney cell expression system." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 290, no. 1 (January 2006): C200—C207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00269.2005.

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Coupling of functional GABAB receptors (GABABR) to G proteins was investigated with an expression system of baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells and Xenopus oocytes. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis of BHK cells coexpressing GABAB1a receptor (GB1aR) fused to Cerulean, a brighter variant of cyan fluorescent protein, and GABAB2 receptor (GB2R) fused to Venus, a brighter variant of yellow fluorescent protein, revealed that GB1aR-Cerulean and GB2R-Venus form a heterodimer. The GABABR agonists baclofen and 3-aminopropylphosphonic acid (3-APPA) elicited inward-rectifying K+ currents in a concentration-dependent manner in oocytes expressing GB1aR and GB2R, or GB1aR-Cerulean and GB2R-Venus, together with G protein-activated inward-rectifying K+ channels (GIRKs), but not in oocytes expressing GB1aR alone or GB2R alone together with GIRKs. Oocytes coexpressing GB1aR + Gαi2-fused GB2R (GB2R-Gαi2) caused faster K+ currents in response to baclofen. Furthermore, oocytes coexpressing GB1aR + GB2R fused to Gαqi5 (a chimeric Gαq protein that activates PLC pathways) caused PLC-mediated Ca2+-activated Cl− currents in response to baclofen. In contrast, these responses to baclofen were not observed in oocytes coexpressing GB1aR-Gαi2 or GB1aR-Gαqi5 together with GB2R. BHK cells and Xenopus oocytes coexpressing GB1aR-Cerulean + a triplet tandem of GB2R-Venus-Gαqi5 caused FRET and Ca2+-activated Cl− currents, respectively, with a similar potency in BHK cells coexpressing GB1aR-Cerulean + GB2R-Venus and in oocytes coexpressing GB1aR + GB2R-Gαqi5. Our results indicate that functional GABABR forms a heterodimer composed of GB1R and GB2R and that the signal transducing G proteins are directly coupled to GB2R but not to GB1R.
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38

van der Werf, D. P. "The GBAR experiment." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 30 (January 2014): 1460263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514602634.

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The classical Weak Equivalence Principle has not yet been tested using antimatter in matter gravitational fields. The GBAR (Gravitational Behaviour of Antihydrogen at Rest) experiment, recently approved by CERN, proposes to measure the free-fall acceleration of antihydrogen. In this experiment, positive antihydrogen ions will be produced, and subsequently cooled down using laser cooled Be + ions. Then, when a temperature of around 20 μK has been reached, the excess positron will be detached and the free-fall time will be measured using the antiproton annihilation products. An overview of the experiment will be given together with its present status.
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39

Jeong, Seon-Mi, Hyun-Ju Kim, and Chang-Geun Kim. "Design of A-GBSR Protocol Using Beacon Message in 802.11p WAVE." Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 19, no. 7 (July 31, 2015): 1554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2015.19.7.1554.

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40

Londoño, I., and M. Bendayan. "Temporary effects of circulating Amadori products on glomerular filtration properties in the normal mouse." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 280, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): F103—F111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.2001.280.1.f103.

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Previous studies have established a preferential glomerular filtration of glycated BSA (gBSA), as well as a facilitated filtration of BSA in the presence of gBSA. We intend to determine whether these modifications are permanent or transitory. gBSA was intravenously injected into anesthetized normal mice and maintained in circulation for 30 min, 1, 2, 24, and 48 h. Five minutes before death, FITC-BSA was injected. On immunocytochemical evaluations, increased glomerular filtration of FITC-BSA was found at all circulating time points. Changes at 24 and 48 h were less pronounced. Glomerular basement membrane (GBM)-to-lumen gBSA labeling ratios were similar at all time points suggesting no accumulation of gBSA in the GBM. Seventy percent of the gBSA was cleared from the circulation and the GBM after 24 h, and 95% after 48 h. This was confirmed in experiments with radiolabeled tracers. These results suggest that the alteration in GBM permeability to BSA in the normal mouse are due to the presence of gBSA and are gradually overcome along with its clearance from circulation. In early diabetes, increasing concentrations of circulating glycated proteins could be responsible for changes in glomerular permselectivity and probably for the alteration in glomerular filtration properties leading to diabetic nephropathy.
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41

Ariga, T., S. Aghion, O. Ahlén, C. Amsler, A. Ariga, A. S. Belov, K. Berggren, et al. "Measuring GBAR with emulsion detector." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 30 (January 2014): 1460268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514602683.

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The motivation of the AEgIS experiment is to test the universality of free fall with antimatter. The goal is to reach a relative uncertainty of 1% for the measurement of the earth's gravitational acceleration [Formula: see text] on an antihydrogen beam. High vertex position resolution is required for a position detector. An emulsion based detector can measure the annihilation vertex of antihydrogen atoms with a resolution of 1-2 μm, which if realized in the actual experiment will enable a 1% measurement of [Formula: see text] with less than 1000 [Formula: see text] atoms. Developments and achievements on emulsion detectors for the AEgIS experiment are presented here.
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42

Pérez, P., D. Banerjee, F. Biraben, D. Brook-Roberge, M. Charlton, P. Cladé, P. Comini, et al. "The GBAR antimatter gravity experiment." Hyperfine Interactions 233, no. 1-3 (April 21, 2015): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10751-015-1154-8.

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43

Bendayan, M., and I. Londono. "Reabsorption of native and glycated albumin by renal proximal tubular epithelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 271, no. 2 (August 1, 1996): F261—F268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1996.271.2.f261.

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The proximal tubule epithelial handling of native and glycated albumin was evaluated by quantitative immunocytochemistry. Native bovine serum albumin (BSA) and its glycated form (gBSA), tagged to different haptens, were simultaneously injected in anesthetized mice and maintained in circulation for 10 or 60 min. Both albumins were localized within the capillary lumen, in glomerular and peritubular basement membranes, the urinary space, and cellular compartments of the proximal tubular epithelial cells. In these cells, both forms of albumin were concomitantly found within the same endocytic-lysosomal system. Morphometric evaluations have indicated higher proportions of gBSA in the urinary space, reflecting probably a significant glomerular filtration of this form of albumin combined to a lesser reabsorptive clearance. Indeed, higher proportions of native BSA were found in the endocytic compartment of the tubular epithelial cells, suggesting its preferential reabsorption. The present study thus supports a preferential glomerular filtration of gBSA with a facilitated filtration of native BSA in the presence of the glycated one. It also demonstrates the tubular reabsorption of BSA and gBSA through a common endocytic pathway, in which the native BSA is preferentially reabsorbed with respect to its glycated form.
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44

Ahmed, O., S. Areibi, and G. Grewal. "Hardware Accelerators Targeting a Novel Group Based Packet Classification Algorithm." International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing 2013 (2013): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/681894.

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Packet classification is a ubiquitous and key building block for many critical network devices. However, it remains as one of the main bottlenecks faced when designing fast network devices. In this paper, we propose a novel Group Based Search packet classification Algorithm (GBSA) that is scalable, fast, and efficient. GBSA consumes an average of 0.4 megabytes of memory for a 10 k rule set. The worst-case classification time per packet is 2 microseconds, and the preprocessing speed is 3 M rules/second based on an Xeon processor operating at 3.4 GHz. When compared with other state-of-the-art classification techniques, the results showed that GBSA outperforms the competition with respect to speed, memory usage, and processing time. Moreover, GBSA is amenable to implementation in hardware. Three different hardware implementations are also presented in this paper including an Application Specific Instruction Set Processor (ASIP) implementation and two pure Register-Transfer Level (RTL) implementations based on Impulse-C and Handel-C flows, respectively. Speedups achieved with these hardware accelerators ranged from 9x to 18x compared with a pure software implementation running on an Xeon processor.
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45

Debu, Pascal. "Status report on the GBAR CERN experiment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 460 (October 4, 2013): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/460/1/012008.

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46

Heyman, D. P. "The GBAR source model for VBR videoconferences." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 5, no. 4 (1997): 554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/90.649513.

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47

Londono, I., L. Ghitescu, and M. Bendayan. "Glomerular handling of circulating glycated albumin in the normal mouse kidney." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 268, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): F913—F921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1995.268.5.f913.

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In the present study, we have evaluated the glomerular handling of circulating glycated albumin in the normal mouse kidney by quantitative immunocytochemistry. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was glycated in vitro and dinitrophenylated. Glycated and nonglycated probes were introduced into the circulation of anesthetized mice and traced by postembedding immunogold cytochemistry after 10 and 30 min of circulation. Endogenous albumin, as well as dinitrophenylated native BSA (DNP-BSA) and glycated albumins (DNP-gBSA), were localized within the capillary lumen, glomerular and peritubular basement membranes, and the mesangial matrix. Morphometric evaluation of the labeling over the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) revealed a peak of labeling in the endothelial side for either endogenous albumin or DNP-BSA. In contrast, the labeling distribution for DNP-gBSA showed a shift toward the epithelial side, suggesting a further penetration of the glycated probe into the GBM. When coinjected with gBSA, DNP-BSA was found to display a labeling distribution similar to that displayed by DNP-gBSA. These results indicate that the glycated tracer penetrates the normal glomerular wall deeper than the nonglycated one. Moreover, glycated albumin increases the infiltration of the nonglycated tracer through the normal glomerular wall. Circulating glycated serum proteins thus appear to play an important role in the onset of the glomerular dysfunction and proteinuria, which take place in long-term hyperglycemic states.
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48

Krieger, Daniel, Sebastian Brune, Patrick Pieper, Ralf Weisse, and Johanna Baehr. "Skillful decadal prediction of German Bight storm activity." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 12 (December 14, 2022): 3993–4009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3993-2022.

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Abstract. We evaluate the prediction skill of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) decadal hindcast system for German Bight storm activity (GBSA) on a multiannual to decadal scale. We define GBSA every year via the most extreme 3-hourly geostrophic wind speeds, which are derived from mean sea-level pressure (MSLP) data. Our 64-member ensemble of annually initialized hindcast simulations spans the time period 1960–2018. For this period, we compare deterministically and probabilistically predicted winter MSLP anomalies and annual GBSA with a lead time of up to 10 years against observations. The model produces poor deterministic predictions of GBSA and winter MSLP anomalies for individual years but fair predictions for longer averaging periods. A similar but smaller skill difference between short and long averaging periods also emerges for probabilistic predictions of high storm activity. At long averaging periods (longer than 5 years), the model is more skillful than persistence- and climatology-based predictions. For short aggregation periods (4 years and less), probabilistic predictions are more skillful than persistence but insignificantly differ from climatological predictions. We therefore conclude that, for the German Bight, probabilistic decadal predictions (based on a large ensemble) of high storm activity are skillful for averaging periods longer than 5 years. Notably, a differentiation between low, moderate, and high storm activity is necessary to expose this skill.
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49

Jiang, Yu-Sian, Garrett Warnell, and Peter Stone. "Goal Blending for Responsive Shared Autonomy in a Navigating Vehicle." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 7 (May 18, 2021): 5939–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i7.16742.

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Human-robot shared autonomy techniques for vehicle navigation hold promise for reducing a human driver’s workload, ensuring safety, and improving navigation efficiency. However, because typical techniques achieve these improvements by effectively removing human control at critical moments, these approaches often exhibit poor responsiveness to human commands—especially in cluttered environments. In this paper, we propose a novel goal-blending shared autonomy (GBSA) system, which aims to improve responsiveness in shared autonomy systems by blending human and robot input during the selection of local navigation goals as opposed to low-level motor (servo-level) commands. We validate the proposed approach by performing a human study involving an intelligent wheelchair and compare GBSA to a representative servo-level shared control system that uses a policy-blending approach. The results of both quantitative performance analysis and a subjective survey show that GBSA exhibits significantly better system responsiveness and induces higher user satisfaction than the existing approach.
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Twana Salih. "Evaluating the Reliability of MM-PB/GB-SA Method for the Protein-Ligand Binding Free Energies Using Penicillopepsin-Inhibitor ligands." Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 22, no. 3 (October 24, 2022): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v22i3.889.

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An accurate prediction of the ligand-receptor binding free energies (ΔG) is a critical step in the early stages of rational drug design. The Molecular Mechanics-Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-GBSA) method is a popular approach to estimate ΔG. However, correlations between the predicted and the experimental ΔG are variable. The goal of this study is to investigate various approaches to optimize accuracy of the MM-GBSA method. A molecular dynamic (MD) simulations protocol was applied using penicillopepsin receptor against its inhibitor ligands, repeated 50 times for each complex system. After that, ΔG of the five inhibitors were predicted using MM-GBSA method. Moreover, a diverse ΔG values were calculated from the replicate MD simulations of each system. The results were showed correlations not only between the predicted and the experimental binding affinities of the systems but also between the predicted values and root-mean-square deviation. In addition, statistical analysis was evaluated the sample size.
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