Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'GBS infection'
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Prince, Darren William. "The Co-Transcriptional Response of Intracellular Group B Streptococcus (GBS) and Monocytes." Thesis, Griffith University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/389087.
Full textThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Medical Science
Griffith Health
Full Text
SINGH, MEENAKSHI. "Synthesis of Group B Streptococcus tipe II (GBSII) Oligosaccharide of Vaccine Development." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/680023.
Full textTan, Chee Keong. "Development and Application of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus Agalactiae Murine Colonisation Models to Study Bacterial Pathogenesis in the Female Urogenital Tract." Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366082.
Full textThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Medical Science
Griffith Health
Full Text
Larsson, Madeleine. "When The Sentinels Fall: Macrophage Cell Death Response to GAS Infection." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-348681.
Full textMcHaney, Megan. "Intra-Hospital Transfers and the Associated Risk of Hospital-Onset Clostridium Difficile Infection." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1524668971169289.
Full textHedrich, Mara Nicole. "Geography of HIV Infection Among Adults Aged 50 Years and Older in Texas From 1999-2009." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc149604/.
Full textSahi, Vijendra. "Gas plasma polymer surface modification methodologies for the reduction of device related infection." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62923.pdf.
Full textPavlou, Alexandros K. "Novel intelligent gas-sensing in diagnosis of infectious diseases." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399121.
Full textGokoo, Suzanne. "Secretion of GBP, an infective stage-specific protein of Leishmania major." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265838.
Full textDallaPiazza, Kristin Lee. "A Global Approach to Disease Prevention: Predicting High Risk Areas for West Nile Infection in the Us." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33083.
Full textMaster of Science
Tenckhoff, Solveig. "Einfluss der GBV-C-Infektion auf die HIV-1-Replikation." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-89518.
Full textYoung, Sean Gregory. "Landscape genetics of avian influenza (H5N1 and H9N2) in Egyptian poultry from 2006-2015: co-infection, key substitutions, and viral diffusion." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5687.
Full textDesai, Devika J. "Characterisation of Biofilm-Forming Ability and Haemolytic Activity of Clinical Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Isolates From the Urinary Tract." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/398419.
Full textThesis (Masters)
Master of Medical Research (MMedRes)
School of Medical Science
Griffith Health
Full Text
Therit, Blair H. "Investigation of the role of the toxins perfringolysin O (PFO) and sialidase in Clostridium perfringens gas gangrene infections." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35136.
Full textMaster of Science
Jordaan, Maraliese. "Diagnosis of helicobacter pylori infection with the 13C-urea breath test : analysis by means of gas chromatography with mass selective detection." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27035.
Full textSvensson, Kerstin. "Genetic genealogy and epidemiology of Francisella." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Infektionssjukdomar, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-22452.
Full textAnyango, Carren. "Klamydiainfektioner i Sverige : Kan en geografisk analys förklara det rumsliga mönstret?" Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2772.
Full textChlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection. The infection rates have increased in the last decade. During 2008 the trend rates declined in all counties and regions in Sweden. Chlamydia infections have a geographical spatial pattern differences. This is seen from the national surveillance data report from the Swedish Institute for infectious disease control (SMI). The overall aim with the study is to conduct a geographical analysis of Chlamydia infections and explain the differences in the spatial pattern. The study is limited to the counties and a region that have been using Becton Dickinson laboratorial analysis methods. The study is based on statistics on Chlamydia infections incidence rates, from the SMI. The statistics did raise questions regarding the spatial patterns differences. Therefore some of the chosen counties and region were contacted through both telephone and email. Further information search was conducted on internet sites for some of the government authorities: The National Board of Health and Welfare, Swedish National Institute of Public Health etc. The mentioned authorities along with the SMI, play important roles in the area of sexually transmitted infections (STI).
Geographical spatial pattern differences of Chlamydia in the chosen counties and region can be explained on the basis of several factors. Statistics have been influenced by the fact that individuals have tested themselves in other areas/locations and not the locations where they have their permanent addresses (home areas). The quantities of taken samples and the effectiveness regarding the processes taken to reduce Chlamydia infections have led to detection of several cases and control of further infections. The public has more place access and opportunities of carrying out the tests (both in the region, the counties and through internet). The possibility to conduct detailed geographical studies has been limited because of the missing data at the municipality level. However, the study has raised questions that need further analysis. The previous research of Chlamydia infections has shown that other countries for example USA have succeeded in conducting detailed research studies of Chlamydia infections by using geographic information systems (GIS) methods. Are there possibilities to conduct such research in Sweden with the current Swedish statistics on Chlamydia infections?
Klamydia är en sexuell överförbar infektion. Klamydiainfektioner har under det senaste decenniet ökat på nytt i Sverige. År 2008 skedde en trendminskning i alla landsting och regioner. Utgångspunkten är att det finns mycket kunskap i samhället om klamydia och skyddsåtgärder för sjukdomen. Geografiska skillnader vad gäller spridning av klamydiainfektioner förekommer, vilket framgår av statistik från alla 21 landsting/regioner iSverige. Det övergripande syftet med studien är att göra en geografisk analys av klamydiainfektioner och ge en förklaring till förekommande skillnader av det rumsliga mönstret. Studien begränsar sig till landsting och regioner som använt sig av Becton Dickinsons testmetod och har utgått ifrån statistik från Smittskyddsinstitutet (SMI). Därefter har de berörda landstingen och regionerna kontaktats via både mail och telefon. Vidare informationssökning har skett hos de olika aktörerna inom klamydiaområdet såsom socialstyrelsen, statens folkhälsoinstitut osv.
Klamydiainfektioner har utvecklats i olika takt i de valda landstingen/regionen genom åren. Det rumsliga mönstret kan förklaras utifrån flera faktorer. Statistik påverkas av att individer testar sig på andra orter än där de är mantalsskrivna (hemkommuner). Antal tagna provmängder och effektivitet vad gäller handläggning av klamydiainfektioner leder tillupptäckt av flera fall och bromsar utvecklingen. Även tillgänglighet till platser för testninghar ökat i vissa län.
Möjlighet att genomföra en grundlig geografisk analys begränsas på grund av avsaknad avdata på kommunnivån. Däremot har studien lett till frågor som man bör söka svar på. Tidigare forskning har visat att andra länder exempelvis USA har lyckats genomföradetaljerade studier av klamydiainfektioner med hjälp av geografiskt informationssystem(GIS). Finns möjligheter att genomföra sådana klamydiastudier i Sverige med nuvarandesvensk data?
Telionis, Pyrros A. "Novel Applications of Geospatial Analysis in the Modeling of Infectious Diseases." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89432.
Full textDoctor of Philosophy
The focus of this work is called “spatial epidemiology”, which combines geography with public health, to answer the where, and why, of disease. This is a growing field, and you’ve likely seen it in the news and media. Have you ever seen a map of the United States turning red in some virus disaster movie? The real thing looks a lot like that. After the Ebola outbreak of 2014, public health agencies wanted to know where the next one might hit. Now that there is another outbreak, we need to ask where and how will it spread? What areas are hardest hit, and how bad is it going to get? We can answer all these questions with spatial epidemiology. Our work adds to two aspects of spatial epidemiology: niche modeling, and mobility. We use niche modeling to determine where we could find certain diseases, usually those that are spread by insects or animals. Consider Lyme disease, you get it from the bite of a tick, and the tick gets it from a white-footed mouse. But both the mice and ticks only live in certain parts of the country. With niche modeling we can determine where those are, and we can also guess at what makes those areas attractive to the mice and ticks. Is it winter harshness, summer temperatures, rainfall, and/or elevation? Is it something else? In Chapter 2, we show that you can extend this idea. Instead of just looking at where the disease is, what if we could guess how many people will get infected? What if we could do so, a year in advance? We show that this can be done, but we need a good idea of what the weather will be like next year. In Chapter 4, we show that you can do the same thing with hepatitis C. Instead of Lyme’s ticks and mice, hepatitis C depends on drug-use, unregulated tattooing, and unsafe sex. And like with Lyme, these things are only found in certain places. Instead of temperature or rainfall, we now need to find areas with drug-problems and poverty. But we can get an idea of this from the Census Bureau, and we can make a map of hepatitis C as easily as we did for Lyme. But hepatitis C spreads person-to-person. So, we need some idea of how people move around the area. This is where mobility comes in. Mobility is important for most public health work, from detecting outbreaks to estimating where the disease will spread next. In Chapter 3, we show how one could create a mobility model for a rural area where few maps exist. We also show how to use that model to guess where the next cases of Ebola will show up. In Chapter 4, we show how you could use mobility to improve outbreak and hotspot detection. We also show how it’s used to help estimate the number of cases in an area. Because that number depends on how many cases are imported from the surrounding areas. And the only way to estimate that is with mobility.
Goldenberg, Shira. "Sexual behaviour and barriers to STI testing among youth in Northeastern BC." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/534.
Full textFartousi, Jasmin. "Establishment and validation of a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for determination of D-/L-arabinitol in urine as a means of diagnosis of invasive Candida infection." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-86771.
Full textWorton, Adrian J. "Using mathematical models to understand the impact of climate change on tick-borne infections across Scotland." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/24918.
Full textSych, Taras. "Rôles et mécanismes des Lectines à Gb3 et de Pseudomonas aeruginosa sur la réorganisation de la membrane plasmique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ024.
Full textThe interaction of plasma membrane glycosphingolipids with the carbohydrate binding proteins (lectins) is of vital importance for the infection of the host cell by various viruses and bacteria. In this work, we explored the interaction of the lectins LecA from the bacterium P. aeruginosa and B subunit of Shiga toxin (StxB) from S. dysenteriae with its plasma membrane receptor globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). Moreover, we studied the interaction of the complete bacterium P. aeruginosa with Gb3. In order to decipher the lectin-Gb3 interaction in absence of other cellular components we employed the artificial membrane systems – Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs). We observed the lectin binding using different modes of fluorescence microscopy (confocal, TIRF, etc…). We examine the binding of both lectins to the membrane domains of different ordere and composition. We found that StxB prefers more ordered membrane domains whereas LecA is less preferential. Moreover, both lectins induce the reorganization of the membrane domains: StxB stabilizes ordered domains, shrinks them and induces the formation of the novel ordered domains. On the other hand LecA, as well as the bacterium P. aeruginosa induce the dissolution of the ordered domains. We believe, these membrane reorganization processes are crucial for the bacterial infection
Suzuki, Saori. "Basic research for the development of hepatitis C vaccine." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215372.
Full textKyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(理学)
甲第19546号
理博第4206号
新制||理||1604(附属図書館)
32582
京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻
(主査)教授 明里 宏文, 教授 岡本 宗裕, 教授 中村 克樹
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Campos, Aléia Faustina. "A influência do vírus da hepatite G (GBV-C) na evolução da infecção pelo HIV em mulheres." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5134/tde-25112010-095806/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: GB virus C (GBV-C) was discovered by two research groups that aimed to identify a possible agent responsible for a non-A, non-B and non-C pos-transfusion hepatitis. There is remarkable evidence that GBV-C is a lymphotropic virus that primarily replicates in PBMCs, spleen and bone marrow. This virus does not appear to be hepatotropic and does not replicate effectively in hepatocytes. After an asymptomatic viremia period, most subjetcs clear the virus over time with the development of antibody against a viral envelope glycoptrotein (anti-E2). Since there is probably no association between GBV-C and any identify disease, this virus has been considered not pathogenic. However, according to some studies, GBV-C co-infection in HIV seropositive patients is associated with a slower disease progression and longer survival after AIDS development in HIV infected patients. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of GBV-C viremia, anti- E2 antibody and assess the effect of the interaction of GBV-C and HIV in an exclusive female cohort, in a follow up period of up to 10 years. Methodos: Two hundred forty-eight HIV infected women were enrolled in the study. Follow-up sample was obtained from 248 patients. Laboratorial variables as mean and median of values of CD4, HIV and GBV-C quantitative viral load, and clinical parameters as HAART use, OIs influence on survival were investigated. Results: One hundred and fifteen subjects were exposed to GBV-C: 57 were GBV-C RNA positive (23%) and 58 were anti-E2 antibody positive (23%). Viral RNA with concomitant anti-E2 antibodies was not found in any patient. There was no statistical difference among three studied groups (GBV-C RNA-/anti-E2 - , GBV-C RNA+/anti-E2- and GBV-C RNA -/anti-E2+), regarding CD4+ and viral load baselines (p=0,360 and 0,713, respectively). Relative risk of death for GBV-C RNA+/anti-E2- group was 63% lower than the GBV-C-/anti-E2 group. Conclusion: Forty-six percent of the enrolled individuals were exposed to GBV-C virus. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that only HIV load higher than 100.000 copies/mL and opportunistic disease during the follow-up period were associated to longer survival after AIDS development. Probably, antiretroviral therapy for HIV in our study blurred the observation of a putative protective effect related to GBVC RNA
Noël, Frédérique. "Influence de la ventilation sur les propriétés de transport dans un poumon sain et enflammé." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ4004.
Full textThe main function of the lung is to supply the blood with oxygen and to drain the carbon dioxide from it. The lung captures the oxygen present in the ambient air where it rejects the carbon dioxide taken from the blood. This exchange results from the process of the lung's ventilation that repeatedly makes a volume of ambient air enter and leave the lung. In an idealized view, the ventilation can be characterized by two parameters: the maximum air velocity in the trachea (the amplitude) and the breathing frequency (the period). The goal of this thesis is to study and model the process of oxygen and carbon dioxide transport and exchanges in the lung. Gas transport is modeled by convection-diffusion-reaction equations in an idealized lung. A mathematical analysis of the model has been performed to prove the existence of a unique solution along with an asymptotic periodicity in time. Numerical simulations were performed to study a wide range of physiological configurations. In the healthy human case, the amounts of gas exchanged predicted by our model are close to physiology. The viscous and elastic energies spent during inspiration were then minimized assuming that our body needs in oxygen can be represented in our model by a constraint on the oxygen flow exchanged with the blood. Simulations were carried out for humans but also for any mammals using allometric scaling laws. The predictions of our model show that the ventilation parameters in mammals might be optimized to cost as little energy as possible. Then, we focused on the lung's ventilation of a human subject suffering from a pulmonary infection. The spread of a bronchial infection has been modeled in an idealized way and we studied how the ventilation is affected by the response of the immune system through bronchi wall inflammation. Our results show that the location of the transition zone between convection and diffusion mainly influence the quantity of oxygen exchanged with the blood. The location of this transition can be affected by the infection and hence alter the efficiency of the ventilation and modify its optimal configuration. Finally, to better understand the efficiency of a drug treatment delivered by aerosol, we modeled the deposit of aerosol particles in the first bifurcation of the bronchi of the human lung. Our model takes into account the evolution of the radius of the particles due to the exchange of water vapor and the evolution of the temperature of the particles due to the change of the surrounding environment. Our results show that the modeling of these parameters is important to represent more accurately the deposit of the particles on the walls of the bronchi. This work allows to better understand how the process of lung’s ventilation is adjusted and how it is affected by lung’s pathologies. Moreover, it highlights how ventilation can be used efficiently as a way to deliver drugs in the body
Clostio, Rachel Wallace. "Use of environmental variables to infer gene flow and population structure in the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) and predict the seroprevalence of an emerging infectious disease." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2010. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1230.
Full textDesai, Khyati Sanket. "Influence of the Choice of Disease Mapping Method on Population Characteristics in Areas of High Disease Burdens." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822816/.
Full textHolmes, Erin Alison. "Mandatory Disease Notification and Underascertainment: A Geographical Perspective." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1378.
Full textRodohan, Eamonn Patrick. "Criminalisation for sexual transmission of HIV : emerging issues and the impact upon clinical psychology practice in the UK." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/5873.
Full textFialho, Sara Fernandes. "Could P2X7 receptors pharmacological targeting be the Aldous Huxley SOMA for Neonatal GBS Infection?" Master's thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/132150.
Full textFialho, Sara Fernandes. "Could P2X7 receptors pharmacological targeting be the Aldous Huxley SOMA for Neonatal GBS Infection?" Dissertação, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/132150.
Full textGeraldo, Rafaela Alexandra Ferreira. "Development of a bioluminescent reporter system to monitor neonatal group b streptococcal infection." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/32892.
Full textGroup B Streptococcus (GBS), a commensal of the intestinal and genitourinary tracts of healthy adults, is the main bacterial cause of severe neonatal invasive disease, including meningitis. Morbidity is high and up to 50 % of surviving infants experience long-term neurologic sequalae. To define new therapeutic and neuroprotective strategies, we must gain deeper insights into the pathophysiology of disease. The classical methods for quantifying infection do not allow longitudinal studies as it entails the animal death. Thus, the aim of this work was the development of a luxABCDE-based bioluminescent reporter system to monitor GBS dissemination, using whole-mouse in vivo imaging. For that purpose, a hypervirulent GBS strain (BM110) was transformed with the plasmid pSL101P32, containing the luxABCDE operon (GBS BM110+pSL101P32). After confirming that GBS was efficiently transformed, the new strain was validated in vitro. The obtained results revealed that the bioluminescence signal and optical density were proportional to the number of bacteria. Moreover, the presence of the plasmid did not affect GBS fitness [measured by GBS growth rate and compared with wild-type (WT) strain] and the plasmid remained stable in the absence of selective pressure, for at least 8 days. The virulence of GBS BM110+pSL101P32 in the context of host colonization was evaluated in vitro by analyzing the adhesion and invasion ability to the raw 264.7 and Caco-2 cell lines, relative to the WT strain. No significant differences were detected between both strains. The infectivity was also evaluated in vivo by inoculating pups intra-peritoneally with a lethal dose of the WT strain or its bioluminescent derivate. No differences were observed between groups either in the survival rate or in bacterial load present in brain, liver, lungs and gut. However, the bioluminescence signal was only detected in living pups infected with a lower inoculum and only in the abdominal area (infection zone), suggesting that this lux-based reporter system has a limited ability of being detected. Thus, we decided to use another plasmid, FFluc(PTA), containing the red-shifted firefly luciferase that has a higher ability to penetrate deeper tissues. Our preliminary results revealed that the light emission can be expressed as a function of cell growth. Importantly, the radiance signal was higher than the one obtained with the luxABCDE operon. These results suggest that FFluc(PTA) is a promising reporter system to monitor GBS dissemination in neonates using in vivo imaging technics, allowing the study of pups with proved meningitis.
Labuschagne, Christiaan De Jager. "Rapid detection of GES-type extended-spectrum B-lactamases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a peptide nucleic acid-based realtime PCR assay." 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06262008-082108.
Full textShi, Peilin. "Investigating the Anti-viral Property of Verotoxin and its Receptor Gb3 in Preventing Primary HIV-1 Infection." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/31440.
Full textBhanich, Supapol Wendy C. "The Impact of GB Virus C co-infection on Mother to Child transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/19258.
Full textBhanich Supapol W, Remis RS, Raboud J, Millson M, Tappero J, Kaul R, Kulkarni P, McConnell MS, Mock PA, Culnane M, McNicholl J, Roongpisuthipong A, Chotpitayasunondh T, Shaffer N, Butera S. 2008. Reduced mother-to-child transmission of HIV associated with infant but not maternal GB virus C infection. J Infect Dis 197(10):1369-1377. Bhanich Supapol W, Remis RS, Raboud J, Millson M, Tappero JW, Kaul R, Kulkarni P, McConnell MS, Mock PA, McNicholl JM, Vanprarar N, Asavapiriayanont S, Shaffer N, Butera ST. 2009. Mother-to-child transmission of GB virus C in a cohort of women coinfected with GB virus C and HIV in Bangkok, Thailand. J Infect Dis 200:227-235.
Xue, J., M. He, Y. Niu, H. Liu, A. Crawford, Philip D. Coates, D. Chen, R. Shi, and L. Zhang. "Preparation and in vivo efficient anti-infection property of GTR/GBR implant made by metronidazole loaded electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber membrane." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/10813.
Full textInfection is the major reason of GTR/GBR membrane failure in clinical application. In this work, we developed GTR/GBR nanofiber membranes with localized drug delivery function to prevent infection. Metronidazole (MNA), an antibiotic, was successfully incorporated into electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers at different concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt% polymer). To obtain the optimum anti-infection membrane, we systematically investigated the physical-chemical and mechanical properties of the nanofiber membranes with different drug contents. The interaction between PCL and MNA was identified by molecular dynamics simulation. MNA released in a controlled, sustained manner over 2 weeks and the antibacterial activity of the released MNA remained. The incorporation of MNA improved the hydrophilicity and in vitro biodegradation rate of PCL nanofibers. The nanofiber membranes allowed cells to adhere to and proliferate on them and showed excellent barrier function. The membrane loaded with 30% MNA had the best comprehensive properties. Analysis of subcutaneous implants demonstrated that MNA-loaded nanofibers evoked a less severe inflammatory response than pure PCL nanofibers. These results demonstrate the potential of MNA-loaded nanofiber membranes as GTR/GBR membrane with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory function for extensive biomedical applications.
Sathar, Mahomed Aslam. "GB Virus C / Hepatitis G Virus (GBV-C/HGV) infection in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa : its diagnosis, distribution and molecular epidemiology." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7916.
Full textThesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, 2003.
Jordaan, Maraliese. "Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection with the 13c-urea breath test analysis by means of gas chromatography with mass selective detection / by Maraliese Jordaan." 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08052008-081439.
Full textTenckhoff, Solveig. "Einfluss der GBV-C-Infektion auf die HIV-1-Replikation." Doctoral thesis, 2011. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A11450.
Full textKonrad, Peter. "Infektionen pädiatrischer Patienten durch Streptokokken der Gruppe A: Klinische Charakteristika und molekular-epidemiologische Erregeranalyse." 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75419.
Full textAlthough - since the introduction of penicillin - there has been an effective drug against strep-tococci of Lancefield Group A (GAS), in which no resistance has been described so far, GAS infections remain a major healthcare policy problem, which affects both morbidity and mortality of people worldwide. GAS can cause a wide range of disorders in humans. These include un-complicated pharyngeal infections with and without scarlet fever as well as skin infections such as erysipelas or impetigo but also invasive as well as secondary complications. In 1928, the M-protein encoded by the emm gene was described as a type-specific, antibody -inducing substance and has since been used to characterize the epidemiology of GAS. One of the main functions of the M protein, anchored on the surface of GAS, is to evade phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which is one of the most important defense mechanisms against infections by GAS. Although major efforts have been made for several decades, a safe and effective vaccine remains an unreached goal. In this study, the regional epidemiology of infections of pediatric patients by GAS was retro-spectively investigated on the basis of data and isolates collected from 11.03.2006 to 19.05.2012 at the University Medical Center in Freiburg. With a total of 566 isolates and asso-ciated clinical data, the present study provides the largest uni-centric epidemiological study of pediatric diseases with emm-typing of GAS so far in Germany. Particular attention was paid to associations between molecular epidemiology, based on emm-typing, and anonymized clinical data. The total cohort included 566 cases, thereof 405 cases of pharyngeal infection, 75 of which were additionally diagnosed with scarlet fever, 34 children presented with a skin infection, 21 with an acute otitis media, 19 with an anogenital infection, eight with an invasive infection and two with an urinary tract infection. In 77 cases colonization by GAS was estimated as having no clinical relevance of those 48 isolates were isolated from pharyngeal swabs. In the molecular investigation, three new emm subtypes were discovered which were first de-scribed as emm29.13, emm36.7 as well as emm75.5. These sequences were entered into the database of the CDC. Over the entire cohort, emm12 was found in 19% of all cases and was thus the most frequent, followed by emm1 and emm4, with 14% each, emm28 and emm89, with 11% each. When considering emm-clusters, E4 was the most frequent with 31%, followed by cluster A-C4 with 19%, A-C3 and E1 with 14%. Among the 405 cases with GAS-related pharyngeal infection, emm12 was the most common with almost 20%, followed by emm4 with 15%, emm1 with 14%, emm89 with 13% and emm28 as well as emm3 with 9% each. With respect to the clus-ters, E4 was found to be the most common with around 30%, followed by A-C4 with 20%, E1 with 15% and A-C3 with 14%. In the present study it was shown that emm-types as well as emm-clusters differed depending on the clinical manifestation. Although the distributions were basically similar, emm4 as well as clusters A-C5 and E1 were significantly more common in patients with tonsillopharyngitis and scarlet fever, even after Bonferroni correction, than those with tonsillopharyngitis but without the diagnosis of scarlet fever. These findings were first described in a preliminary evaluation of this cohort in 2013 and supported by the results of consecutively published international stud-ies. In anogenital infections, cluster E4 was found in almost 80% and emm28 in 58%, indicat-ing a clearly narrowed spectrum. Compared to cases with tonsillopharygitis, emm28 and clus-ter E4 were significantly more frequently isolated in anogenital infections. For skin infections no significant difference could be found in the emm-distribution compared to tonsillopharyngi-tis. However, cluster E4 was found to be significantly more common in patients with a skin infection than in those with scarlet fever. Overall, in a direct comparison to a French study, there was a wide agreement regarding the epidemiology of emm-types and -clusters, but also some differences. These differences were significant for emm6, emm22, as well as for cluster M6. Furthermore, among others, the study by d´Humieres et al. confirmed the accumulation of emm4 in scarlet fever patients, which un-derlines the statement of the presented results. Furthermore, in order to investigate the longitudinal development of emm-types and emm-clusters, the distribution in the period from 01.04.2006 to 31.03.2007 was compared to that from 01.05.2011 to 30.04.2012. At least for the comparatively short period, no significant changes in the epidemiology of individual emm-types or -clusters could have been observed after adjusting the p-values. In previous studies, the pathogenicity of a strain was determined by its association to the clini-cal picture. In addition, this study investigated the extent to which individual emm-types or emm-clusters also differed in quantitatively measurable parameters such as the C-reactive protein (CRP) and the leukocyte count in the blood. In cases of tonsillopharyngitis, cluster E4 was found significantly associated with a CRP value above 35 mg/l. For the leukocyte count such a difference was not detectable. However, since the values were subject to confounding factors, a causal link between pathogenicity of certain emm-types and the deflection of the mentioned parameters could not be proved within the framework of this study. Therefore, these results do not allow to draw final conclusions. The existing 30-valent M-protein based vaccine would show a good agreement with the corre-sponding emm-types of the cohort used here. The antigens of 19 of the 25 different emm-types registered in this study were included in the vaccination model, which corresponds to a vaccine coverage of 99.8% (565 of 566) of all strains examined here, if cross-reactivity of GAS strains within an emm-cluster was taken into consideration. Overall, the uni-centric character of the study presented here provided in certain aspects an advantage over multi-centric studies, as differences and similarities between different clinical pictures, excluding regional differences as well as comprehensive clinical information on the cases, could be emphasized. The extent to which regional prevalence of individual emm-types or their pathogenicity potential are decisive for the epidemiology of invasive infections could not be conclusively assessed by this study. For a closer look at this issue, further studies on a larger scale would be necessary. In summary, this work presents a comprehensive epidemiological investigation on molecular epidemiologic pathogen analysis including clinical aspects in a large pediatric cohort. The find-ings contribute to the elucidation of the regional an international epidemiology of GAS and pro-vide important basics as well as approaches for subsequent investigations, especially for vac-cine development against GAS.:1 Einleitung 7 2 Theoretische Grundlagen 8 2.1 Epidemiologie 8 2.2 Taxonomie 10 2.3 Infektionspathologie 11 2.4 Aufbau des M-Proteins 14 2.5 Die Bedeutung des M-Proteins 16 2.6 emm-Genetik 18 2.7 Therapie und Prophylaxe 20 3 Ziele der Studie 22 4 Patienten, Material und Methoden 23 4.1 Mikrobiologische Isolate und klinische Daten 23 4.1.1 „Klinische Krankheitsbilder“ 25 4.1.2 Modifizierter Centor-Score 26 4.1.3 Grunderkrankungen 27 4.1.4 Paraklinik 27 4.2 Geräte und Materialien 29 4.2.1 Geräte und Hilfsmittel 29 4.2.2 Verbrauchsmaterialien 30 4.2.3 Molekulare Diagnostiksysteme 31 4.2.4 Primer für PCR und Sequenzierung 31 4.2.5 Medien und Lösungen 31 4.3 Mikrobiologische Methoden 32 4.3.1 Mikrobiologische Proben 32 4.3.2 Kultur von GAS 32 4.3.3 Latex-Agglutinationstest auf Gruppe A Antigen 33 4.3.4 Kryokonservierung der Isolate 34 4.4 Molekulargenetische Methoden 35 4.4.1 DNA-Isolierung 35 4.4.2 Photometrische Bestimmung der DNS-Konzentration und Einstellung 36 4.4.3 Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR) 37 4.4.4 Agarose-Gelelektrophorese 37 4.4.5 DNA Sequenzierung 39 4.4.6 Sequenz-basierte Typisierung 41 4.5 Statistische Auswertung 42 5 Ergebnisse 43 5.1 Ausgewertete mikrobiologische Proben und retrospektive Daten 43 5.2 Analyse der Kohorte 45 5.2.1 Analyse der Altersverteilung 45 5.2.2 Analyse der Geschlechtsverteilung 48 5.2.3 Analyse der saisonalen Verteilung 49 5.2.4 Analyse der klinischen Symptome 51 5.2.5 Analyse von Vorerkrankungen und Versorgungsform 55 5.3 Laborbefunde 58 5.3.1 Analyse der semiquantitativen Wachstumsdichte der Abstrich-Kulturen 58 5.3.2 Blutparameter: C-Reaktives Protein (CRP) 59 5.3.3 Blutparameter: Leukozytenzahl 59 5.4 Molekulare Epidemiologie des emm-Typs 60 5.5 Erstbeschreibung neuer emm-Subtypen 60 5.6 emm-Typ- bzw. Cluster-Verteilung und klinische Manifestation 61 5.6.1 emm-Verteilung bei Tonsillopharyngitis 61 5.6.2 emm-Verteilung bei akuter Otitis media (AOM) 63 5.6.3 emm-Verteilung bei Hautinfektionen 64 5.6.4 emm-Verteilung bei anogenitalen Infektionen 65 5.6.5 emm-Verteilung bei invasiven Infektionen 68 5.6.6 emm-Verteilung bei asymptomatischer Rachen-Kolonisierung 68 5.7 Analyse der Altersverteilung für emm-Typen und -Cluster 70 5.8 Infektionsparameter und Korrelation zur molekularen Epidemiologie 71 5.8.1 Temperatur: 71 5.8.2 CRP: 72 5.8.3 Leukozytenzahl: 73 5.9 Patienten mit wiederholten Vorstellungen 73 5.9.1 Antibiotische Therapie 75 5.10 Resistenzlage 76 5.11 Analyse der molekularen Epidemiologie über der Zeit 78 6 Diskussion 80 6.1 Vorbemerkung 80 6.2 Kohorte 81 6.2.1 Alter 81 6.2.2 Geschlecht 82 6.2.3 Jahreszeit 82 6.2.4 Vorerkrankungen 83 6.2.5 Klinische Symptome 84 6.2.6 Diagnostischer Wert der semiquantitativen Wachstumsdichte 85 6.2.7 Rezidive 85 6.3 emm-Typ und –Cluster-Epidemiologie 86 6.3.1 emm-Typen und -Cluster bei Tonsillopharyngitis 86 6.3.2 emm-Typen und –Cluster bei Anogenitalinfektionen 86 6.3.3 emm-Typen und -Cluster bei invasiven Infektionen 87 6.3.4 emm-Typ und -Cluster-Epidemiologie im Vergleich zu anderen Studien 87 6.3.5 Longitudinale Betrachtung der emm-Typ-Epidemiologie 91 6.3.6 Vergleich der emm-Typen und Cluster-hinsichtlich des Alters der Patienten 92 6.3.7 emm-Typen und -Cluster hinsichtlich Infektionsparametern 92 6.3.8 Deckungsgrad mit 30-valentem M-Protein-basiertem GAS-Impfstoff 95 6.3.9 emm-Typ / -Cluster – Antibiotika-Resistenz 96 6.4 Ausblick 97 7 Zusammenfassung 98 8 Summary 101 9 Anhang 104 10 Abbildungsverzeichnis 112 11 Tabellenverzeichnis 114 12 Abkürzungsverzeichnis 116 13 Literaturverzeichnis 118 14 Anlage 1 127 15 Anlage 2 129 16 Danksagung 131
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