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Grosse, Sebastian [Verfasser]. "Gbp2 and Hrb1 continue their mRNA quality control in the cytoplasm and take part in Nonsense Mediated Decay / Sebastian Grosse." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1216703647/34.
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Janning, Melanie Christiane [Verfasser], and Heike [Akademischer Betreuer] Krebber. "Identifizierung von neuen Faktoren des Gbp2-assoziierten mRNA-Exportes und den Untersuchungen an mRNA-bindenden Proteinen im Modellorganismus Saccharomyces cerevisiae. / Melanie Christiane Janning ; Betreuer: Heike Krebber." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1133261795/34.
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Karaki, Julie. "100 Gbps coherent MB-OFDM for long-haul WDM optical transmission." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0019/document.
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Aujourd'hui, le format « Quadrature Phase Shift Keying » avec multiplexage de polarisation (DP-QPSK) opérant à 100 Gbps est devenue un standard pour la transmission WDM longue distance. Une alternative au format DP-QPSK permettant d’atteindre des débits de 100 Gbps et plus (400 G & 1Tbps) est l’ « Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing » (OFDM). Mais, des interrogations subsistent quant à sa robustesse aux effets non linéaires. Dans cette thèse nous avons étudié le potentiel de la technologie OFDM pour la transmission WDM longue distance à 100 Gbps. Le traitement du signal est détaillé ainsi que la mise en œuvre du transmetteur et récepteur OFDM cohérent. Nous présentons aussi les résultats expérimentaux de la transmission obtenus dans plusieurs configurations. Dans l’une de ces configurations, le canal modulé avec le format DP-OFDM coherent (Co-DP-OFDM) est multiplexé avec 40 canaux modulés en DP-QPSK à 100 Gbps. Les canaux ont ensuite été transmis sur 1000 km de fibre G.652 sans gestion de dispersion chromatique. Dans une autre configuration, les canaux Co-DP-OFDM et Co-DP-QPSK sont combinés avec 78 canaux 10 Gbps NRZ-OOK et transmis sur 1000 km de fibre G.652 avec gestion de dispersion. Nous avons montré que le Co-DP-OFDM et Co-DP-QPSK ont des performances similaires après une transmission de 1000 km sur une ligne sans gestion de dispersion, et nous avons aussi montré que la transmission de ces formats sur une infrastructure de fibre deployée est possible à condition de réduire de 5 dB la puissance des canaux 10 Gbps NRZ-OOK par rapport aux canaux à100 Gbps. Ces résultats sont précieux pour la prochaine génération de systèmes WDM à 400 Gbps ou 1 TbpsToday the 100 Gbps coherent dual polarization quadrature phase shift keying (Co-DP-QPSK) is standardized as the industrial solution for long-haul WDM transmission. Another alternative format to DP-QPSK that permits also to reach a data rate of 100 Gbps and beyond is the coherent orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) format. However a doubt exists over the ability of OFDM to be as efficient as QPSK for long-haul WDM transmission due to its supposed higher sensitivity to nonlinear effects . In this thesis, we have investigated the potential of Co-DP-OFDM for 100 Gbps WDM transport. The digital signal processing algorithms are detailed as well as the various experimental set-ups required to carry out and validate the 100 Gbps transceiver. We also present the transmission results obtained with several configurations. In one of these configurations, the 100 Gbps Co-DP-OFDM channel is multiplexed with forty 100 Gbps DP-QPSK channels and all these channels are transmitted over 1000 km of DCF-free G.652 fiber, while in another configuration, the Co-DP-OFDM and Co-DP-QPSK channels are combined with seventy eight 10 Gbps NRZ-OOK channels and transmitted over 1000 km of dispersion managed G.652 fiber line. We have demonstrated that OFDM and QPSK have nearly the same performance after a transmission over 1000 km, and also we have demonstrated that the transmission of these two formats over legacy fiber infrastructure is possible under the condition of decreasing by 5 dB the 10 Gbps NRZ-OOK channel power with respect to the 100 Gbps channels. The results presented in this thesis are very valuable when considering the next generation of 400 Gbps or 1 Tbps for WDM systems
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Gray, Andrew, Parminder Ghuman, and Scott Hoy. "Multi-Gbps 16-QAM All-Digital Parallel Receiver." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607665.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 2001 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaDue to rapidly increasing downlink data rates between spacecraft and ground stations, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has developed an all-digital variable data rate receiver. The majority of the receiver is implemented on a single complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) that is capable of processing data rates in excess of 300 mega-symbols per second or 600 mega-bits per second (Mbps) using quadrature phase-shift keyed (QPSK) modulation [1-5]. Developed jointly by the Goddard Space Flight Center and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the high rate digital demodulator (HRDD) ASIC uses parallel processing algorithms, which combined we call the advanced parallel receiver architecture (APRX), to perform the necessary functions of a satellite communications receiver. An overview of the next generation of the advanced parallel receiver architecture (APRX) is presented here, including a new parallel adaptive equalizer currently being implemented. The next generation receiver implementing this architecture will process in excess of 600 Megasymbols per second; the ASIC will process in excess of 1.2 Gbps using quadrature amplitude modulation (QPSK) and 2.4 Gbps using 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The majority of the functions of the receiver are performed in the next generation high rate digital demodulator ASIC. A key property of such high data rate wireless communications systems is the use bandwidth efficient modulations often achieved through the use of sophisticated pulseshaping. The next generation ASIC, like the current generation ASIC, is designed to have programmable matched filters. The detection/matched filter bank in the ASIC should be programmed to “match” the received pulse-shape. This is particularly important for good biterror- rate performance in systems employing higher order modulations, such as 16-QAM employing partial-response pulse-shaping spanning many symbols. Such bandwidth efficient pulse-shaping methods require many coefficients in the matched filter; this creates increased computation and complexity in the receiver. Often such ideal receivers are not practical or possible to implement, and sub-optimal detection filtering techniques must be used. We will demonstrate that the use of a sub-optimum or truncated matched filter in some systems introduces severe intersymbol interference (ISI) distortion that results in poor BER results. However, we demonstrate for a specific pulse-shaped 16-QAM that if the demodulated baseband symbols are processed with a relatively simple equalizer very good performance may be achieved. The overall system complexity of such a system may be much lower than implementing the true matched filter [6]. Finally we present an overview of the next generation advanced parallel receiver (APRX) capable of demodulating such pulse-shaped 16-QAM that includes a novel parallel adaptive equalizer.
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Rice, Abigail C. "Design and simulation of a 20 Gbps communication channel." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115463.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, June 2015."May 2015." Page 113 missing. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 106-107).
Digital wire-line communication speeds are increasing rapidly to achieve ever higher data rates. Speeds beyond 20Gpbs are desirable for the next generation of protocols. However, higher frequency signals experience more loss due to the physical channel and are more sensitive to small imperfections in the channel, such as vias. In this work, an existing communication channel between two controller boards across a midplane was improved to allow for operation at a higher frequency. Mentor Graphics HyperLynx was used to simulate the channel and display S-parameter models and eye diagrams to demonstrate the impact of various designs. The effects of the material properties, impedance of the traces, and vias were simulated and the results combined to determine what physical layer improvements must be made to reduce loss and reflections at this high frequency.
by Abigail C. Rice.
M. Eng.
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Mandhanya, Saurabh. "Single-ended 16x8 Gbps data bus in 90nm CMOS." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2009/s_mandhanya_081909.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in electrical engineering)--Washington State University, December 2009.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Jan. 21, 2010). "School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ." Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-75).
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Ansari, Ashlaghi Aria. "100 GBPS Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing optical fiber communication network." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1604879.
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Optical fiber communication has emerged as a high potential substitute for communication methods such as twisted pair and coaxial wire. The main advantage of optical fiber over previous methods is to have higher capacity of data rate transmission. The conventional types of modulation and demodulation technique, which have been used through optical fiber communication system are Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technique and Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technique so far.
In this thesis, the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is applied through the modulation and demodulation parts due to some advantages over WDM and DWDM to reach to 100 Gbps data transmission. The main advantage of OFDM-optical fiber is that it only needs one optical source to modulate and one optical source to demodulate the signals at transmitter side and receiver side, which results in a reduction of the cost of the system. Also, by using the OFDM, the chromatic dispersion can be eliminated or decreased.
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Blanár, Josef. "Technická analýza vývoje měnového páru GBP/USD." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-259199.
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This diploma thesis deals with the technical analysis of the development of the currency pair GBP/USD. It is divided into theoretical and analytical part. The theoretical part is used to define the concepts of Forex market and the issue of exchange rates along with the trading terminology according to the relevant specialized literature and internet resources. There is characterized Forex and its subjects, described the main representatives of the kinds of technical indicators and basic graphic formations that can be commonly found in the charts. Analytical part focuses on the formulation of a business plan before the start of trading, as well as the detailed analysis of selected representatives of profitable and unprofitable transactions realized during the simulated trading on a demo account by
Bossa FX for the period from October to December 2015. Afterwards there is tested the relation between the success of the realized transactions and used technical analysis tools. The result of the diploma thesis is the total retrospective evaluation of the simulated trading success rate. The output is the formulation of propositions and recommendations to help especially novice traders to make their trading as successful as possible.
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Tyrkalska, Sylwia Dominika. "Caracterizació molecular y funcional de Gbp4 de pez cebra : un nuevo componente del inflamasoma= Molecular and functional chraterization of zebrafish Gbp4: a new inflammasome component." Doctoral thesis, TDR (Tesis Doctorales en Red), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/310950.
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INTRODUCCIÓN: La señalización a través de los NOD-like receptors (NLRs), que son una familia de receptores citosólicos de reconocimiento de patrones (PRRs), da lugar al procesamiento y activación de las citoquinas pro-inflamatorias IL-1 β e IL-18 mediados por caspasa-1, así como de la inducción de una forma de muerte celular recientemente descrita llamada piroptosis. Para ello, los NLRs median la formación de plataformas multiproteicas de señalización llamadas inflamasomas, que alertan al sistema inmune de la presencia de infección o daño tisular. OBJETIVOS: (1) Establecimiento de un modelo de infección de Salmonella Typhimurium en pez cebra para estudiar la activación, el ensamblaje y el funcionamiento del inflamasoma; (2) Caracterización del papel de la flagelina de S. Typhimurium en el mecanismo de infección en pez cebra; (3) Caracterización del papel de Gbp4 de pez cebra en la activación y ensamblaje del inflamasoma, así como en la eliminación de S. Typhimurium; (4) Caracterización del papel de los neutrófilos en la eliminación de S. Typhimurium dependiente de Gbp4 en pez cebra; (5) Caracterización del papel de Gbp4 en la producción de prostaglandinas dependiente del inflamasoma, y del de las prostaglandinas en la eliminación de S. Typhimurium. METODOLOGÍA: Los métodos utilizados en la tesis doctoral son: Ensayos de infección con S. Typhimurium, ensayos de actividad caspasa-1, toma de imágenes de larvas de pez cebra, reclutamiento de neutrófilos y análisis de la muerte celular, ensayos de luminescencia, citometría de flujo, análisis de expresión génica, Western blot, ensayo de reconstitución del inflamasoma en células HEK293. RESULTADOS: Aquí demostramos que la proteína Gbp4 de pez cebra, una enzima GTPasa inducible por IFNγ que alberga un dominio C-terminal CARD, se expresa en los neutrófilos y es necesaria para la eliminación de Salmonella Typhimurium in vivo dependiente del inflamasoma. A pesar de la presencia del dominio CARD, Gbp4 requiere la presencia de la proteína adaptadora Asc para desempeñar su función antibacteriana. Además, la actividad GTPasa de Gbp4 es indispensable para la activación del inflamasoma, el reclutamiento de neutrófilos al lugar de la infección, y la eliminación de S. Typhimurium. La reconstitución de los complejos Gbp4-Asc en células embrionarias humanas de riñón (HEK293) en cultivo, nos mostró que forman complejos macromoleculares con un anillo exterior de Asc y un núcleo de Gbp4. Mecanísticamente, Gbp4 es esencial para la liberación de prostaglandinas dependiente del inflamasoma, de las cuales PGD2 se asocia con la eliminación de bacterias mediada por Gbp4. Por tanto, nuestros resultados señalan a las proteínas de unión con GTPasa como los adaptadores clave del inflamasoma necesarios para la biosíntesis de prostaglandinas y la eliminación de bacterias intracelulares por los neutrófilos in vivo. CONCLUSIONES: (1) El pez cebra es un excelente modelo para estudiar la activación y la función del inflamasoma en respuesta a una infección por S. Typhimurium; (2) El reconocimiento intracelular de S. Typhimurium en pez cebra depende altamente de la producción de flagelina; (3) La activación del inflamasoma dependiente de Gbp4 mejora la resistencia de las larvas de pez cebra e incrementa la actividad caspasa-1 después de la infección con S. Typhimurium; (4) Tanto Gbp4 mutante que carece de la actividad GTPasa, como el doble mutante al que también le falta el dominio CARD, se comportan como dominantes negativos, incrementando la susceptibilidad a S. Typhimurium y, en paralelo, reduciendo la actividad caspasa-1; (5) El mutante de Gbp4 sin el dominio CARD actúa, al igual que GBP5 de mamíferos, rescatando la elevada susceptibilidad de las larvas deficientes en Gbp4, pero no aumenta la actividad caspasa-1 después de la infección con S. Typhimurium en pez cebra; (6) Gbp4 regula el reclutamiento de neutrófilos al lugar de infección y, además, la eliminación de S. Typhimurium dependiente de Gbp4 esta mediada por los neutrófilos; (7) El inflamasoma dependiente de Gbp4 activa la biosíntesis de las prostaglandinas, que a su vez fomentan la eliminación de S. Typhimurium.NTRODUCTION: The nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeats (NLRs) constitute a family of cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which are the responsible for the caspase-1-mediated processing and activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such us IL-1 β and IL-18, and the induction of a recently described form of cell death called pyroptosis. NLRs achieve these functions by forming multiprotein signaling platforms, called inflammasomes, which alert the immune system about the presence of infection or tissue damage. OBJECTIVES: Taking that into consideration, the objectives of the present work are: (1) Establishment of a zebrafish – Salmonella Typhimurium infection model to study inflammasome activation, assembly and function; (2) Characterization of the role of flagellin of S. Typhimurium in the infection mechanism in zebrafish; (3) Characterization of the role of zebrafish Gbp4 in inflammasome activation, assembly and clearance of S. Typhimurium; (4) Characterization of the role of neutrophils in the Gbp4-dependent clearance of S. Typhimurium in zebrafish; (5) Characterization of the role played by the Gbp4 inflammasome in prostaglandin production and S. Typhimurium clearance. METHODOLOGY: The following methods were used in this doctoral thesis: yolk sac or ear infection assays with S. Typhimurium, caspase-1 activity assays of infected larvae, counting of neutrophils using different zebrafish transgenic lines with fluorescent neutrophils using live imaging, neutrophil recruitment assays, cell death analysis, luminescence assays for the measurement of Il1-β contents, flow cytometry and FACS-sorting of fluorescent cells, gene expression analysis, western blot, inflammasome reconstitution assays in HEK293 cells. RESULTS: Here we report that zebrafish Gbp4, an IFNγ-inducible GTPase harboring a C-terminal CARD domain, is expressed in neutrophils and is required for the inflammasome-dependent clearance of Salmonella Typhimurium in vivo. Despite the presence of the CARD domain, Gbp4 requires the universal inflammasome adaptor protein Asc for mediating its antibacterial function. In addition, the GTPase activity of Gbp4 is indispensable for the inflammasome activation, the neutrophil recruitment and the clearance of S. Typhimurium. Reconstitution of Gbp4-Asc complexes in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) revealed a macromolecular complex with an outer ring of Asc and an core of Gbp4. Mechanistically, Gbp4 is essential for the inflammasome-dependent release of prostaglandins, of which PGD2 is associated with the Gbp4-mediated bacterial clearance. Our results, therefore, point to GTPase-binding proteins as the key inflammasome adaptors required for prostaglandin biosynthesis and intracellular bacterial clearance by neutrophils in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: The above results suggest that: (1) Zebrafish is an excellent model to study inflammasome activation and function upon S. Typhimurium infection; (2) Intracellular recognition of S. Typhimurium in zebrafish highly depends on flagellin production; (3) Gbp4-dependent inflammasome activation improves zebrafish larvae resistance and increases caspase-1 activity upon S. Typhimurium infection; (4) A Gbp4 mutant lacking GTPase activity, as well as a double GTPase and CARD mutant, behave as dominant negatives by increasing the susceptibility to S. Typhimurium and, in parallel, decreasing caspase-1 activity; (5) A Gbp4 mutant lacking the CARD domain acts as mammalian GBP5; that is, rescues the higher susceptibility of Gbp4-deficient larvae but fails to increase caspase-1 activity upon S. Typhimurium infection in zebrafish; (6) Gbp4 regulates neutrophil recruitment to the site of the infection. In addition, the Gbp4-dependent clearance of S. Typhimurium is mediated by neutrophils; (7) The Gbp4-dependent inflammasome activates prostaglandin biosynthesis, which in turn promotes S. Typhimurium clearance.
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Katsikas, Georgios P. "Realizing High Performance NFV Service Chains." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Network Systems Laboratory (NS Lab), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-195352.
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Network functions (NFs) hold a key role in networks, offering in-network services, such as enhanced performance, policy enforcement, and security. Traditionally, NFs have been implemented in specialized, thus expensive hardware. To lower the costs of deploying NFs, network operators have adopted network functions virtualization (NFV), by migrating NFs from hardware to software running in commodity servers. Several approaches to NFV have shown that commodity network stacks and drivers (e.g., Linux-based) struggle to keep up with increasing hardware speed. Despite this, popular networking services still rely on these commodity components. Moreover, chaining NFs (also known as service chaining) is challenging due to redundancy in the elements of the chain. This licentiate thesis addresses the performance problems of NFV service chains.The first contribution is a framework that (i) profiles NFV service chains to uncover performance degradation reasons and (ii) leverages the profiler’s data to accelerate these chains, by combining multiplexing of system calls with scheduling strategies. These accelerations improve the cache utilization and thereby the end-to-end latency of chained NFs is reduced by a factor of three. Moreover, the same chains experience a multi-fold latency variance reduction; this result improves the quality of highly-interactive services.The second contribution of this thesis substantially revises the way NFV service chains are realized. NFV service chains are synthesized while eliminating redundant input/output and repeated elements, providing consolidated stateful cross layer packet operations across the chain. This software-based synthesis achieves line-rate 40 Gbps throughput for stateful and long service chains. This performance is 8.5x higher than the performance achieved by the software-based state of the art FastClick framework. Experiments with three example Internet Service Provider-level service chains show that this synthesis approach operates at 40 Gbps, when the classification of these chains is offloaded to an OpenFlow switch.Nätverksfunktioner (NF) har en nyckelroll i nätverk. De erbjuder tjänster i nätverken som förbättrad prestanda, policy övervakning och säkerhetsfunktioner. Vanligtvis så har NF implementerats med hjälp av specialiserad, och därmed kostsam, hårdvara. Detta har lett till att nätverksoperatörer har börjat använda nätverksfunktionsvirtualisering (NFV) för att minska kostnaden. NFV implementeras genom att NF flyttas från specialiserad hårdvara till mjukvara som kör på vanliga servrar. Flera försök med NFV har visat att vanliga nätverksstackar och drivrutiner (exempelvis Linux baserade) har svårt att erbjuda samma prestanda som hårdvaran gör. Trots detta bygger flera populära nätverkstjänster på NFV. Dessutom är det en utmaning att koppla samman NFV i kedjor, då redundanta operationer utförs. I den här avhandlingen försöker vi lösa prestanda problem kopplade till kedjor av NFV. Det första bidraget i den här avhandlingen är ett ramverk som (i) profilerar NFV kedjor för att hitta orsaker till prestanda problem samt (ii) använder profileringsdata för att förbättra prestandan i kedjorna. Detta görs genom att kombinera multiplexing av systemanrop med planläggningsstrategier. Tillsammans förbättrar dessa lösningar cache användningen och minskar därmed end-to-end latensen i kedjade NFV med en faktor tre. Dessutom minskar vår metod variansen i latens, något som är viktigt för tjänstekvalitén i interaktiva tjänster.Det andra bidraget i den här avhandlingen är en omarbetning av hur kedjade NFV konstrueras. Vi syntetiserar NFV service kedjor genom att ta bort redundanta element och konsoliderar paketoperationer som sträcker sig över flera lager i nätverksstacken. Vår mjukvarubaserade lösning klarar av 40 Gbps genomströmning i en lång kedja. Detta är 8.5 ggr mer än vad som uppnåtts med den tidigare standard lösningen för mjukvara, ramverket FastClick. Vi presenterar experiment med tre servicekedjor för nätverksleverantörer där vår syntetiserade lösning klarar 40 Gbps, när klassificeringen av kedjan görs med hjälp av en OpenFlow switch.
QC 20161103
European Union Horizon 2020 BEhavioural BAsed forwarding (BEBA)
European Research Council (ERC) PROPHET
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Woeste, Marina Amelie [Verfasser]. "The role of GBA2 in controlling locomotor activity / Marina Amelie Woeste." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2018. http://d-nb.info/120172810X/34.
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O’Connell, Richard. "200 MBPS TO 1 GBPS DATA ACQUISITION & CAPTURE USING RACEWAY." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607569.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 27-30, 1997 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaFor many years VME has been the platform of choice for high-performance, real-time data acquisition systems. VME’s longevity has been made possible in part by timely enhancements which have expanded system bandwidth and allowed systems to support ever increasing throughput. One of the most recent ANSI-standard extensions of the VME specification defines RACEway, a system of dynamically switched, 160 Mbyte/second board-to-board interconnects. In typical systems RACEway increases the internal bandwidth of a VME system by an order of magnitude. Since this bandwidth is both scaleable and deterministic, it is particularly well suited to high-performance, real-time systems. The potential of RACEway for very high-performance (200 Mbps to 1 Gbps) real-time systems has been recognized by both the VME industry and a growing number of system integrators. This recognition has yielded many new RACEway-ready VME products from more than a dozen vendors. In fact many significant real-time data acquisition systems that consist entirely of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) RACEway products are being developed and fielded today. This paper provides an overview of RACEway technology, identifies the types of RACEway equipment currently available, discusses how RACEway can be applied in high-performance data acquisition systems, and briefly describes two systems that acquiring and capturing real-time data streams at rates from 200 Mbps to 1 Gbps using RACEway.
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Huff, John D. "Performance Characteristics of the Interplanetary Overlay Network in 10 Gbps Networks." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1619115602389023.
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Holub, Petr. "Technická analýza měnového kurzu GBP/USD a EUR/USD." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-1627.
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Tato diplomová práce je zaměřena na technickou analýzu měnového trhu s důrazem na klouzavé průměry a na nich založené indikátory. Jejím cílem je zjistit, zda je možné jednotlivé aspekty technické analýzy úspěšně využít na trhu. První část diplomové práce je věnována chartrové analýze a testování úspěšnosti aplikace svícových vzorů v praxi. Druhá a třetí kapitola zkoumá vybrané indikátory na základě analýzy zisku a spolehlivosti.
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Zahller, Matthew John. "40 Gbps SiGe pattern generator IC with variable clock skew and output levels." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2006/m_zahller_121206.pdf.
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Schonauer, Sophie [Verfasser]. "Investigating the GBA1-dependent regulation of GBA2 activity in Gaucher disease / Sophie Schonauer." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1165650649/34.
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Aniceto, Raichelle Joy. "100 Gbps ptical coherent modem for low earth orbit optical inter-satellite links." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/128307.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2020Cataloged from the PDF of thesis. "February 2020."
Includes bibliographical references (pages 215-227).
Free space optical communication (FSOC) provides a viable and cost-effective solution for future satellite systems with advantages in bandwidth, unregulated frequencies, and reduced system mass, volume, and power consumption in comparison with radio frequency systems. Several FSOC systems successfully demonstrated links between spacecraft and Earth ground stations as well as inter-satellite links. Commercial industry, including companies such as SpaceX and Telesat, have taken an interest in utilizing the benefits of FSOC for proposed LEO constellations and using optical inter-satellite links (OISLs) to reduce the need for expensive worldwide ground tracking networks. State-of-the-art FSOC space terminal data rate performance is 5.625 Gbps using coherent BPSK detection, achieved by the Tesat and DLR laser communication terminal (LCT) in 2008. The Tesat and DLR LCT demonstrated LEO to LEO OSLs over a link distance of 5100 km.
Within the past decade, the terrestrial communications industry advances in optical coherent DSP ASICs and integrated fiber optic component packages have enabled high capacity optical coherent communications systems with data rates of 100 Gbps and greater. It is desirable to leverage the data rate performance and cost point of these technologies to develop a state-ofthe- art optical coherent modem system for FSOC space applications. The goal of this work is to develop an optical coherent communications modem for LEO-to-LEO inter-satellite links with improvement in data rate of 10 times the current state of the art of 5.6 Gbps using commercial off the shelf components, such as optical coherent DSP ASICs, coherent transmitters, coherent receivers, and lasers, with minimal modifications as needed for space use.
This work focuses on developing an optical coherent communications modem for data rates up to 100 Gbps using commercial telecommunications industry components compatible with lOOG wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) coherent systems. We develop a process for selecting commercial optical coherent technologies that can meet performance requirements in a LEO space environment. We develop optical coherent modem hardware and assess the selected commercial optical coherent technologies for uses in the space environment. We identify and develop cost-effective modifications based on radiation characterization, ensuring that we can achieve successful space operation and meet performance requirements.
by Raichelle Joy Aniceto.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Dong, Xiaodan. "Bayesian Analysis of Reserving Models and Applications." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13435.
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This thesis focuses on developing models for loss reserving in insurance applications. In the first chapter, a Bayesian approach is presented in order to model heavy tail loss reserving data using the generalized beta distribution of the second kind (GB2) with dynamic mean functions and mixture model representation. It is shown through both simulation study and forecasting that model parameters are estimated with high accuracy. Apart from predicting the expected loss in the future, risk margin estimation is another important aspect of loss reserving. We propose to develop quantile functions from regression models to derive risk margin and evaluate capital in non-life insurance applications. Two modeling frameworks are considered based around parametric and nonparametric quantile regression models which we contrast specifically in this insurance setting. Furthermore, we consider the class of recently developed stochastic models that combine claims payments and incurred losses information into a coherent reserving methodology. In particular, we develop a family of hierarchical Bayesian Paid-Incurred-Claims models. In the process we extend the independent log-normal model by incorporating different dependence structures using a Data-Augmented mixture Copula Paid-Incurred claims model. Inference in such models is developed via a class of adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling algorithms. These incorporate a data-augmentation framework utilised to efficiently evaluate the likelihood for the copula based PIC model in the loss reserving triangles.
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Gray, Carl Edward. "An fpga based architecture for native protocol testing of multi-gbps source-synchronous devices." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44858.
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This thesis presents methods for developing FPGA-based test solutions that solve the challenges of evaluating source-synchronous and protocol-laden systems and devices at multi-gigabit per second signaling rates. These interfaces are becoming more prevalent in emerging designs and are difficult to test using traditional automated test equipment (ATE) and test instrumentation which were designed for testing designs utilizing synchronous and deterministic signaling. The main motivation of this research was to develop solutions that address these challenges. The methods shown in this thesis are used to design a test architecture consisting of custom hardware components, reprogrammable digital logic for hardware integration, and a software interface for external data transport and configuration. The hardware components consist of a multi-GHz field programmable gate array (FPGA) based interface board providing processing, control, and data capabilities to the system and enhanced by one or more application modules which can be tailored for specific test functionality compatible with source-synchronous and protocol interfaces. Software controls from a host computer provide high and low level access to the internal tester data and configuration memory space.
The architecture described in this thesis is demonstrated through a specific test solution for a high-speed optical packet switched network called the Data Vortex. Reprogrammable firmware and software controls allow for a high degree of adaptability and application options. The modularized implementation of the hardware elements introduces additional adaptability and future upgradability, capable of incorporating new materials and design techniques for the test platform and application modules.
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Li, B. "Posteriorizing factor Gbx2 is a direct target of Wnt signalling during neural crest induction." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1460399/.
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Wnt signalling is required for neural crest induction; however the direct targets of the Wnt pathway during neural crest induction remain unknown. I show here that the homeobox gene Gbx2 is essential in this process and is directly activated by Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Gbx2 has previously been implicated in posteriorization of the neural plate. Here I unveil a new role for this gene in neural fold patterning. Loss of function experiments using antisense morpholinos against Gbx2 inhibit neural crest and expand the preplacodal domain, while Gbx2 over expression leads to transformation of the preplacodal domain into neural crest cells. I show that the neural crest specifier activity of Gbx2 is dependent on the interaction with Zic1 and the inhibition of preplacodal genes such as Six1. In addition, I demonstrate that Gbx2 is upstream of the neural fold specifiers Pax3 and Msx1. My results place Gbx2 upstream of the neural crest genetic cascade being directly regulated by the inductive molecules, and support the notion that posteriorization of the neural folds is an essential step in neural crest specification. I propose a new genetic cascade that operates in the distinction between preplacodal and neural crest territories.
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Gokoo, Suzanne. "Secretion of GBP, an infective stage-specific protein of Leishmania major." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265838.
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SCHIUMARINI, DOMITILLA. "STUDY OF THE ROLE OF PLASMA MEMBRANE SPHINGOLIPIDS IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS AIRWAYS INFECTION." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/482303.
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Cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common autosomal recessive disease among Caucasians, is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Among the wide spectrum of clinical and phenotypic manifestations occurring in CF, lung pathology is the main cause of morbidity and mortality. Progressive airway disease, chronic non-resolving inflammation, persistent bacterial infection are already observed in the majority of young children with CF. The prolonged airway inflammatory response induces permanent damage of CF airways leading to the loss of lung function in the majority of CF patients.
In this respect, treatments with corticosteroids and ibuprofen have demonstrated potential benefits in CF patients, even though limited efficacy or the occurrence of side effects. For these reasons, the identification and the development of novel and more powerful anti-inflammatory drugs for CF airway disease remains a priority.
Despite intensive research of the past few decades, the mechanisms involved in the onset of CF lung disease are not fully understood. Increasing lines of evidence highlighted the involvement of sphingolipids (SLs) in the development of CF lung pathology. SLs are cell membrane amphiphilic components that are located mainly in the external layer of the plasma membrane (PM) where they play important roles in the modulation of fundamental cell functions. Previous studies have demonstrated an abnormal SL metabolism in CF lung disease. In particular, increased levels of ceramide derived from sphingomyelin hydrolysis are related to the pro-inflammatory state as well as the inflammation response to bacterial infection occurring in CF lung disease. In addition, a recent study provides the evidence that ceramide derived from glycosphingolipid degradation (GSL) is involved in the inflammation response to bacterial infection of CF human epithelial bronchial cells; these data demonstrated that the pharmacological inhibition of GBA2, whose enzymatic activity produces ceramide at the cell surface, is associated with a significant reduction of the inflammatory response to P. aeruginosa infection. Moreover, GBA2 down-regulation reduces the intrinsic pro-inflammatory state typical of CF bronchial cells.
On the bases of these findings, the first aim of my PhD project was to study the possible correlation between ceramide formed at the PM through the action of the PM glycohydrolases and IL-8 release and expression.
The obtained results suggest that in CF bronchial epithelial cells, P. aeruginosa infection promotes the recruitment in restricted area of PM of the all glycohydrolases necessary for the complete GSL catabolism. At this site, the presence of both enzymes and their substrates allows a rapid and local change of PM architecture; this event, together with the formation of ceramide-enriched platforms might form a macromolecular complex involved in the activation of the inflammatory response. In this context, I found that GBA2 could play an important role in the development of the pro-inflammatory state typical of CF lung disease.
In particular, GBA2 silencing could represent a new promising therapeutic strategy to reduce both the pro-inflammatory state and the inflammatory response to bacterial infection in CF bronchial epithelial cells. On these bases, the second objective of my PhD project was to set up a new strategy for GBA2-targeted siRNA delivery in CF epithelial bronchial cells. To this purpose, in collaboration with a group of biophysicists, I developed a lipid-based carrier to promote the transfection of genetic material. We developed two kinds of vehicles; DC-Chol/DOPE mixture assembled with siRNA (Lipoplex) and a DC-Chol/DOPE mixture with a siRNA pre-condensed with protamine (Nanoparticles). Our results showed that the Nanoparticles represented the most promising system to down-regulate GBA2 activity.
Collectively, the results obtained in this study strongly support a role for GBA2 in the establishment of the pro-inflammatory state of CF. This finding provides promising bases for the use of modulators of SL metabolism as possible therapeutic strategies for CF lung inflammation.
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Legewie, Larissa [Verfasser], Klaus [Gutachter] Pfeffer, and Lutz [Gutachter] Schmitt. "Murines GBP7 und interagierende Proteine in der Wirtsabwehr / Larissa Legewie ; Gutachter: Klaus Pfeffer, Lutz Schmitt." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1237104971/34.
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Melo, Marcelo Maia Caixeta de. "Doença de Chagas e carcinogênese: influência do interferon-y e GBP-2." Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/tede/293.
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Introduction: Chagasic megaesophagus (ME) is associated with a higher occurrence of esophagus cancer, while adenomas and adenocarcinomas are rare in the Chagasic Megacolon (MC). Concentration alterations in some proteins may be associated either with esophagic and colorectal carcinogenesis or with chagasic megacolon and megaesophagus. Objective: Study the association between digestive Chagas disease and carcinogenesis, considering the influence of c-Myc, GBP-2, APC, IFN- and T.cruzi proteins. Material and Method: Blocks of paraffin wax containing fragments of mucous membrane early diagnosed as 1 – normal esophagus (n=16); 2 – chagasic megaesophagus (n=10); 3 – normal colon (n=10) and 4 – chagasic megacolon (n=10) were selected. These tissues were analysed by means of immunohistochemical technique using c-Myc, GBP-2, APC, IFN- and T.cruzi antibodies. Results: The result of the GBP-2 protein expression showed higher positivity in ME (100%) when compared to MC (40%) (p = 0.011). Comparing ME with normal esophagus there was significant difference (p = 0.001), having 100% of positivity for GBP-2 in megaesophagus and 31.3% in normal esophagus. In the analysis of the IFN- expression in MC and normal colon a higher positivity was observed in MC (90%) in relation to normal colon (30%) being the difference significant (p = 0.02). As for the expression of IFN- protein, a higher positivity was observed in MC (90%) in relation to ME (40%). Conclusions: A higher frequency of expression of GBP-2 protein in chagasic megaesophagus and IFN- in chagasic megacolon explains, respectively, the increase of espinocellular carcinoma incidence in patients with chagasic megaesophagus and the protector effect of the chagasic megacolon against the colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Introdução: Megaesôfago chagásico (ME) está associado a maior ocorrência do câncer de esôfago enquanto no megacólon chagásico (MC) adenomas e adenocarcinomas são raros. Alteração nas concentrações de algumas proteínas pode estar associada tanto à carcinogênese esofágica e colorretal como ao megacólon e megaesôfago chagásicos. Objetivo: estudar a associação entre forma digestiva da doença de Chagas e carcinogênese, considerando-se a influência das proteínas c-Myc, GBP-2, APC, IFN- e T. cruzi. Material e Método: Foram selecionados blocos de parafina contendo fragmentos de mucosa anteriormente diagnosticados como; (1) esôfago normal (n=16); (2) megaesôfago chagásico (n=10); (3) cólon normal (n=10) e (4) megacólon chagásico (n=10). Esses tecidos foram analisados por meio de técnica imunoistoquímica utilizando os anticorpos c-Myc, GBP-2, APC, IFN- e T. cruzi. Resultados: O resultado da expressão da proteína GBP-2 mostrou maior positividade no ME (100%) quando comparado com MC (40%) (P = 0,011). Comparando ME com esôfago normal houve diferença significativa (P = 0,001), tendo 100% de positividade para GBP-2 no megaesôfago e 31,3% no esôfago normal. Na análise da expressão do IFN- no MC e cólon normal verificou-se maior positividade no MC (90%) em relação ao cólon normal (30%), sendo a diferença significativa (P = 0,02). A expressão da proteína IFN- apresentou maior positividade no MC (90%) em relação ao ME (40%). Conclusões: A maior frequência de expressão das proteínas GBP-2 no megaesôfago chagásico e IFN- no megacólon chagásico explicam, respectivamente, o aumento da incidência de carcinoma espinocelular em portadores de megaesôfago chagásico e o efeito protetor do megacólon chagásico contra o adenocarcinoma colorretal.
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Lalevée, André. "Towards highly flexible hardware architectures for high-speed data processing : a 100 Gbps network case study." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0054/document.
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L’augmentation de la taille des réseaux actuels ainsi que de la diversité des applications qui les utilisent font que les architectures de calcul traditionnelles deviennent limitées. En effet, les architectures purement logicielles ne permettent pas de tenir les débits en jeu, tandis que celles purement matérielles n’offrent pas assez de flexibilité pour répondre à la diversité des applications. Ainsi, l’utilisation de solutions de type matériel programmable, en particulier les Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), a été envisagée. En effet, ces architectures sont souvent considérées comme un bon compromis entre performances et flexibilité, notamment grâce à la technique de Reconfiguration Dynamique Partielle (RDP), qui permet de modifier le comportement d’une partie du circuit pendant l’exécution. Cependant, cette technique peut présenter des inconvénients lorsqu’elle est utilisée de manière intensive, en particulier au niveau du stockage des fichiers de configuration, appelés bitstreams. Pour palier ce problème, il est possible d’utiliser la relocation de bitstreams, permettant de réduire le nombre de fichiers de configuration. Cependant cette technique est fastidieuse et exige des connaissances pointues dans les FPGAs. Un flot de conception entièrement automatisé a donc été développé dans le but de simplifier son utilisation.Pour permettre une flexibilité sur l’enchaînement des traitements effectués, une architecture de communication flexible supportant des hauts débits est également nécessaire. Ainsi, l’étude de Network-on-Chips dédiés aux circuits reconfigurables et au traitements réseaux à haut débit.Enfin, un cas d’étude a été mené pour valider notre approcheThe increase in both size and diversity of applications regarding modern networks is making traditional computing architectures limited. Indeed, purely software architectures can not sustain typical throughputs, while purely hardware ones severely lack the flexibility needed to adapt to the diversity of applications. Thus, the investigation of programmable hardware, such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), has been done. These architectures are indeed usually considered as a good tradeoff between performance and flexibility, mainly thanks to the Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration (DPR), which allows to reconfigure a part of the design during run-time.However, this technique can have several drawbacks, especially regarding the storing of the configuration files, called bitstreams. To solve this issue, bitstream relocation can be deployed, which allows to decrease the number of configuration files required. However, this technique is long, error-prone, and requires specific knowledge inFPGAs. A fully automated design flow has been developped to ease the use of this technique. In order to provide flexibility regarding the sequence of treatments to be done on our architecture, a flexible and high-throughput communication structure is required. Thus, a Network-on-Chips study and characterization has been done accordingly to network processing and bitstream relocation properties. Finally, a case study has been developed in order to validate our approach
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Messmer-Blust, Angela F. "Murine Guanylate-Binding Protein-2: An interferon-induced GTPase that inhibits cell adhesion, cell spreading and MMP-9 expression." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1263394455.
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Liu, Gang [Verfasser]. "A 60 GHz, multi-Gbps down-converter IC in an 80 GHz fT SiGe technology / Gang Liu." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften und Informatik, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1028033605/34.
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Krishnegowda, Karthik [Verfasser], Rolf [Gutachter] Kraemer, and Michael [Gutachter] Hübner. "Investigation of PSSS technologies to achieve 100 Gbps and beyond / Karthik Krishnegowda ; Gutachter: Rolf Kraemer, Michael Hübner." Cottbus : BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1213729939/34.
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Töpolt, Kristin. "Struktur-/Funktionsanalyse des humanen Guanylatbindungsproteins-1 (GBP-1) – einem Inhibitor der endothelialen Zellproliferation." Diss., lmu, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-20830.
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Meschi, Eleonora. "Identification de populations neuronales contrôlant la sécrétion des insulines et la croissance en fonction de la nutrition chez Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4088/document.
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La taille finale des organismes dépend de la vitesse et de la durée de croissance. Ces paramètres sont contrôlés par différentes hormones. La production d'hormone stéroïdienne détermine la fin de la période de croissance en déclenchant la maturité sexuelle, alors que la vitesse de croissance est régulée par la voie de signalisation de l’insuline/IGF (IIS). La vitesse de croissance des organismes est influencée par la nutrition. En effet, des défauts de croissance sont observés chez les individus souffrant de carence protéique chronique. La nutrition contrôle la croissance grâce à la voie de signalisation de l’insuline/IGF. Cependant, le mécanisme par lequel la nutrition contrôle la voie IIS est complexe et reste à élucider. Afin d’explorer cette régulation, le laboratoire utilise Drosophila melanogaster comme modèle d’étude. Chez la drosophile, il existe 8 insulin-like peptides (Dilps). Parmi eux, Dilp2 est la principale insuline promouvant la croissance systémique. Elle est produite par des neurones spécialisés appelés les Insulin Producing Cells (IPC), homologues des cellules béta du pancréas. La sécrétion de Dilp2 dans l’hémolymphe, équivalent du sang chez les vertébrés, est précisément ajustée en fonction de la nutrition. Cette régulation implique une communication inter-organe avec le corps gras, homologue du foie et du tissu adipeux blanc. Selon les conditions nutritionnelles, plusieurs signaux dérivés du corps gras (FDS) sont sécrétés et contrôlent la sécrétion de Dilp2. Ces FDS agissent directement ou indirectement sur les IPCs, via des relais neuronaux. Mon projet de thèse avait pour but de découvrir et d’étudier de nouvelles cibles neuronales contrôlant l’activité sécrétrice des IPCs, et par conséquent la croissance systémique, en fonction de la nutrition. J’ai identifié une paire de neurones inhibiteurs des IPCs, que l’on a nommé IPC-Connecting Neurons (ICN). Actifs en carence en acides aminés, ils inhibent la sécrétion des Dilps. J’ai montré que la signalisation EGFR réprime l’activité de ces neurones en condition nourrie, ce qui augmente la sécrétion des Dilps et par conséquent la taille des individus. Cette activation est due à un nouveau ligand d’EGFR : Growth Blocking Peptide (GBP). J’ai montré que ce ligand de type EGF possède des propriétés particulières puisqu’il agit de façon endocrinienne. En effet, en condition nourrie, GBP est sécrété par le corps gras dans l’hémolymphe, et atteint les ICN afin d’activer la signalisation EGFR. En conclusion, nous proposons que GBP produit par le corps gras en condition nourrie active la voie EGFR dans les neurones ICN, lève l’inhibition exercée sur les IPCs et stimule la sécrétion des Dilps. Cependant, les mécanismes moléculaires par lequel le couple GBP/EGFR inhibe l’activité neuronale des ICNs reste à élucider. Ce travail a permis d’identifier un nouveau mode de régulation de la sécrétion des insulines et de la croissance des organismes en fonction de la disponibilité et de la qualité nutritionnelleBody growth is tightly regulated by nutrient availability. Upon nutritional shortage, animals harmoniously reduce their body size by modulating the activity of the insulin/IGF signaling pathway (IIS). To understand how nutrition controls the IIS, we used Drosophila melanogaster as a model. Drosophila has a conserved IIS with 8 insulin-like peptides (Dilps), a unique insulin receptor and a conserved downstream signaling cascade. Among the Dilps, Dilp2 is the main growth-promoting factor. Dilp2 is produced by specialized neurons located in the brain, the Insulin-Producing-Cells (IPCs), functionally related to vertebrate beta cells. Dilp2 secretion is precisely adjusted in response to nutrition: it is released in the hemolymph under normal nutrient condition, but not upon dietary amino acid scarcity. This regulation requires several inter-organ cross-talks between the producing neurons and the fat body, which is the equivalent of the vertebrate white adipose tissue and liver. Depending on diet composition, several fat-derived signals (FDS) are secreted into the hemolymph and control Dilp2 secretion from the IPCs. These FDS act either directly or indirectly through a neuronal relay, to control the IPCs secretory activity. The aim of my PhD project was to better understand these regulations and to discover new neuronal relay controlling the IPCs secretory activity and body growth, according to nutrition. I identified a pair of neurons harboring synaptic connections with the IPCs (IPC-connecting neurons, ICNs). I determined that the ICNs activity is maximal upon amino acids shortage and is required to exert a blockage of the neighbouring IPCs. Moreover, in rich nutrient conditions, EGFR signaling prevents activation of the ICNs, allowing Dilp2 release from the IPCs. GBP1 and 2 are EGF-like peptides produced by the fat body in response to amino acids, and they can modify insulin release. However, the neural circuitries at play are unknown. I demonstrated that GBPs are atypical ligands for the EGF receptor (EGFR), with endocrine function. Using ex-vivo brain culture, I showed that the presence of the fat body-derived GBP1 in the hemolymph activates EGFR signaling in the ICNs and alleviates their inhibitory input on the IPCs, allowing Dilp2 release and therefore body growth. In conclusion, I identified a novel neural circuitry responding to fat-derived EGF-like GBPs, coupling dietary amino acids to the release of insulin-like peptides and systemic growth
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Wang, Chen-Yi, and 王蓁儀. "Characterization of Gbp2 and its interacting proteins on telomere." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01174932402932198755.
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博士國立陽明大學
生化暨分子生物研究所
94
The telomeres of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are composed of ~250-300 bp double-stranded (TG1-3)n/(C1-3A)n and a single-stranded TG1-3 tail. They maintain chromosome integrity and stability. Gbp2p is identified as a single-strand TG1-3 DNA binding protein in vitro. It affects telomere localization since the localization of Rap1p in nuclei was altered in cells deleted of GBP2. Gbp2p overexpression restores the growth arrest and telomere length phenotype in cdc13-1, a temperature-sensitive mutant of an essential telomere-binding protein, Cdc13p. In gbp2-deleted cells, however, the telomere length and telomere position effect are not affected. To elucidate the role of Gbp2p in telomere function, a yeast two-hybrid system was used to identify its interacting proteins. Hrp1p was identified that interacted with Gbp2p and bound directly in vitro. Hrp1p is a nuclear polyadenylated RNA-binding protein involving in the RNA processing. Mutations on both GBP2 and HRP1 caused growth defect, further supports the interactions between these two proteins. However, mutations on either GBP2 and/or HRP1 did not affect telomere length, suggesting that these two genes are not involved in telomere length regulation. The silencing loci of yeast, including telomere silencing locus, were affected differently in gbp2 hrp1 mutants. These effects were not caused by RNA processing since the localization of mRNA or the level of several mRNAs were not affected in gbp2 and/or hrp1 mutants. Together, our results define a novel role of Gbp2 and Hrp1p in modulating silencing loci of yeast cells.
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Grosse, Sebastian. "Gbp2 and Hrb1 continue their mRNA quality control in the cytoplasm and take part in Nonsense Mediated Decay." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0003-C1AC-1.
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Sie, Huei-Cin, and 謝慧琴. "The association of GBP5, GBP6, and DDX60 expressions with the development and prognosis of oral cancer." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47675653089882603717.
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碩士國立中山大學
生物科學系研究所
104
Backgrounds: Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and the fourth leading cause of cancer death among males in Taiwan. Interferons (IFNs) including Type I IFNs (IFN-α/β) and type II IFNs (IFN-γ) are well-known potent cytokine in host defenses against infection with viral and microbial pathogens. However, they have been proven in malignant transformation of tumor cells. Guanylate binding protein (GBP) 5 and GBP6 belong to the guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) superfamily, which plays an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation, signal transduction, and intracellular protein transportation. In addition, GBP expression is mostly induced by IFN-γ. On the other hand, DDX60, a subtype of DEXD/H Box Helicase, is required for RIG-I- or MDA5-dependent type I interferon production. DDX60 belongs to a DEAD box RNA helicase involving in most cellular processes, such as essential for cancer development. However, roles of GBP5, GBP6 and DDX60 in cancer especially for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were not identified so far. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of the expression levels of GBP5, GBP6 and DDX60 with tumorigenesis, clinicopathologic outcomes, and survival of patients with OSCC and three primary subsites. Methods: Our preliminary data from next generation sequencing (NGS) indicated that in two pairs of OSCC and corresponding tumor adjacent normal (CTAN) tissues, the gene expressions of GBP5 and DDX60 in OSCC tissue were significant higher than that in CTAN tissue but the GBP6 gene expression in OSCC tissue was significant decreased than that in CTAN tissue. Gene expressions of GBP5, GBP6 and DDX60 were further confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using 23 pairs of mucosa squamous cell carcinoma (BMSCC) and CTAN tissues as well as 14 pairs of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and CTAN tissues. In the study, expression levels of GBP5, GBP6 and DDX60 were examined by immunohistochemistry with tissue microarray slides of 494 OSCC patients including 180 buccal mucosal SCC (BMSCC), 241 tongues SCC (TSCC), and 73 lip SCC (LSCC) patients. Results: The expression results of GBP5, GBP6 and DDX60 assayed by NGS, RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining were quite consistent. GBP5 and DDX60 expressions (all p <0.05) significantly increased, whereas GBP6 (p <0.001) expression decreased in tumor tissues compared to that in CTAN tissues, indicating that GBP5 and DDX60 might be oncoproteins, but GBP6 was a tumor suppressor. Among OSCC tissues of 494 patients, the higher GBP5 expression was associated with older age over 50 yrs. (>50 yrs.; p=0.019) and well differentiation (p=0.036), whereas decreased GBP6 expression was associated with poor differentiation (p<0.001). Among BMSCC tissues of 180 patients, the GBP5 expression was positively associated with older age (>50 yrs.; p=0.021), although GBP6 expression was negatively associated with poor differentiation (p=0.039). Among TSCC tissues of 241 patients, the loss of GBP6 expression was associated with poor differentiation (p<0.001) and lymph node metastasis (N1- N2, p=0.047). Moreover, the decreased GBP6 expression was correlated with the poor disease-specific survival (DSS) for only TSCC patients. Increased DDX60 expression was associated with males (p=0.002), well differentiation (p=0.004), advanced pathological stage (III-IV, p=0.023), and large tumor size (T3-T4, p=0.001) in OSCC. Higher DDX60 expression was associated with advanced pathological stage (III-IV, p=0.042) and larger tumor size (T3-T4, p=0.032) in BMSCC. Higher DDX60 expression was positively associated with males (p=0.023), well differentiation (p<0.001), and large tumor size (T3-T4, p=0.017) in TSCC. Moreover, the elevated DDX60 expression was correlated with the poor DSS in LSCC patients, and the poor disease-free survival (DFS) in OSCC, especially in TSCC patients. Conclusion: GBP5 may be the biomarkers for tumor development but not for prognosis in OSCC. GBP6 may be a predictor of better prognosis in TSCC. DDX60 may be the biomarkers for tumor development and prognosis of OSCC, particularly for survival of LSCC and recurrence of TSCC.
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李明和. "A Gbps AES Cipher." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54560364848496704120.
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碩士國立清華大學
資訊工程學系
89
We propose an efficient hardware architecture of the AES encryption/decryption algorithm. The architecture can achieve high-speed data transfer up to 8 bits/cycles, which is 15 times faster than a Pentium III 600. In our design, the I/O of the proposed architecture is reduced to 8 bits and the I/O port is serialized. It provides a simple and useful I/O interface for host. A better methodology of key schedule is involved. A pipeline stage doubles the performance. Besides, DFT is also considered. We have successfully implemented it using Compass cell library targeted at 0.35μm TSMC SPTM CMOS process. The die size of the chip is 4.5x4.5 mm2, and the maximum frequency is up to 125MHz. This AES cipher can be applied to such areas as a security for gigabit speed networks.
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Ka-Un, Chan, and 陳家源. "A 1.25 Gbps CMOS Digital Transmitter." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25618983778210901430.
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碩士國立交通大學
電子工程系
87
This thesis described the design of a 3.3 V CMOS digital transmitter that transmits 1.25 gigabit per second, which is composed of a 10 phase phase-lock-loop(PLL) clock generator, a 10 to 1 multiplexer and an output driver which drives 50 ohm. The digital transmitter is used in the high speed serial link which converts parallel data into serial data. The 10 phase PLL clock generator is composed of a voltage-controlled oscillator(VCO), a phase/Frequency Detector(PFD), a charge pumping filter(CP), and a phase average circuit, due to minimize phase jitter. The PLL generates 10 outputs with equally-spaced phases spanning the entire oscillation period. The ouput frequency of the VCO varies from 0.2 MHz to 250 MHz, and the central frequency is 125 MHz. The digital transmitter has been fabricated with a 0.35mm 1P4M CMOS technology. Total power consumption is about 160 mW under a 3.3 V supply.
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Chen, Chia-Yi, and 陳佳宜. "10-Gbps Visible Laser Light Communication Systems." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94m5yu.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立臺北科技大學
光電工程系研究所
102
The visible light communication (VLC) is a novel wireless light communication technology developed over the last few years, which makes the visible light not only capable for display and illumination but also for light signal transmission within free space. VLC is now a hot topic targeted by worldwide light communication R&D teams for a breakthrough. The high illumination white light LED is now used by many light communication R&D teams in the world as the light source of VLC system. The VLC transmission system is capable of replacing RF wireless communication transmission system, which could not only reduce or prevent the interference of electromagnetic wave but is also allowed to be used in the area where a RF system is prohibited such as hospital, airplane, oil refinery etc. VLC could eliminate many inconveniences in using RF wireless communication. “High transmission rate” and “Long free-space transmission distance” are two objectives the VLC system seeks for achievement. Every VLC R&D team in the world is so urge to have any revolutionary breakthrough on these two objectives. However, limited by the bandwidth and power of white light LED light source, both of the above have reached their ultimate values (~1Gbps/5m) after being developed diligently by each R&D team. In order to break through the limitation of “transmission rate” and “free-space transmission distance”, here we propose using a red laser beam as the light source of VLC transmission system, which makes us the first team propose using the red laser beam to build an extra high speed VLC transmission system with the transmission rate as highest as 10Gbps and a free-space transmission distance of 6m. This breakthrough resolved the bottlenecks of VLC system regarding both “transmission rate” and “free-space transmission distance”.
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賴名威. "Design and Implementation of Gbps Turbo Decoders." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99663794285821571021.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
電子工程系所
95
Turbo codes have received a lot of interest since 90’s because of their excellent performance. To apply turbo codes in high-speed digital communications, such as in broadband wireless access based on the IEEE 802.16 standard supporting data rates of up to 70 Mb/s, and in fourth generation cellular systems, which are expected to provide a data rate from 20 to 100 Mb/s for high mobility, high throughput of turbo codes is a critical issue. The recursive computations in the MAP-based decoding of turbo codes usually introduce a significant amount of decoding delay. In this thesis, we present a total solution for a high throughput application, including a contention-free interleaver design, a high radix turbo decoder design, and the two-dimension parallel decoding architecture. The chip proposed in this thesis is the most power efficient and the fastest design in the state of the art.
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Chien, Sheng-Yuan, and 簡聖原. "Study of High speed 4x10 Gbps AOC." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16174203322107786611.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立暨南國際大學
光電科技碩士學位學程在職專班
100
This main purpose of thesis is to realize 4x10 Gbps high-speed transmission AOC(Active Optical Cable),with components Iptronics’ 4x12 Gbps VCSEL driver IC and 4x12 Gbps Transimpedance amplifier to integrate Philip’s four independent VCSELs and photodiodes. These components were integrated on a SiOB(Silicon Optical Bench) to constitute a miniaturization of the photoelectric conversion module, the transmission characteristics of two different structure comparison and improvement. In the structure A (Structure A has been made in the United States patent, patent disclosure No. 2011.0052202),VCSEL/Photodiode was die bonded on the SiOB submount in advance then flip it to face multimode fiber directly so that the photodiode could receive more optical power but lead to the wire bond length longer from VCSEL to VCSEL deriver IC, it caused the characteristics in the case 10Gbps eye diagram, jitter, BER could not archive the desired result. In the structure B(Structure B technology patent applications), VCSEL/Photodiode was die bonded on the SiOB base of Structure B and form a common plane with die bonded VCSEL Driver IC/Transimpedance amplifier of PCB, such as a result the length of wire bond to more shorten, we proof that the length too long of the wire bond will cause characteristic deterioration at high speed transmission.
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Balteanu, Andreea. "Coaxial Cable Equalization Techniques at 50-110 Gbps." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/24536.
Full textAbstract:
Next generation communication systems are reaching 110Gbps rates. At these frequencies, the skin effect and dielectric loss of copper cables cause inter-symbol interference (ISI) and frequency dependent loss, severely limiting the channel bandwidth. In this thesis, different methods for alleviating ISI are explored. The design of the critical blocks of an adaptive channel equalizer with up to two times oversampling are presented.
The circuits were fabricated in a 0.13μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The linear, adaptive equalizer operates up to 70Gbps and its measured S-parameters exhibit a single-ended peak gain of 12.2dB at 52GHz, allowing for 31dB of peaking between DC and 52GHz. Equalization is demonstrated experimentally at 59Gbps for a cable loss of 17.9dB. These results make it the fastest receive equalizer published to date. A retiming flip-flop operating between 72 and 118 GHz, the highest reported in silicon, is also designed and characterized, showing less than 500-fs jitter.
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Huang, Yu-Sam, and 黃喻暄. "Multi-Gbps Equalizer Technology for Serial Link System." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54739594271502580283.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
電子工程系所
97
In the multi-media era, many high-speed serial link trarnsmission technologies are developed and are widely used for high performance modern electronic product. In order to maintain the data quality that will be attenuated by communication channel, the equalizer becomes an important component in the high-speed serial link system. Based on the type of data processing, the equalizer can be categoried into continuous-time equalizer and discrete-time equalizer. In this thesis, we first propose a continuous-time qualizer that operates at 6 Gbps. We take a level-shifter stage in the front of our proposed equalizer for minimizing the DC voltage level variation in the equalizer input and for providing the low-frequency gain in the proposed circuit. In the equalization block, we use two serial cascade stages to minimize the gain suppression at low frequency while to boost the gain in high frequency. The proposed equalizer can compensate 13.87 dB channel loss at clock frequency of 3 GHz. The test chip is fabricated in UMC 90 nm CMOS regular-Vt process. The post-layout simulation results show that the data eye in the output of equazlier stage is about ±250 mV, and the data eye in the output of buffer stage can reach ±300 mV that meets our specification. Total area of our proposed equalizer including pads is 0.49 × 0.49 mm2 and power consumption is 78.83 mW under 1.0 V supply voltage. Secondly, we propose a hopping coefficients update and ping-pong coefficients update schemes for a discrete-time half-rate DFE (Decision-feedback equalizer) architecture [8]. The architecture uses five taps to cancel the ISI (intersymbol-interference) effects and uses the speculation method to relax the timing constrain. The algorithm used for coefficients update is the sign-sign LMS (least-mean-square) algorithm. For the hopping update scheme, the operation frequency of coefficients update block can be reduced and the power can be saved. For ping-pong update scheme, we calculate the sign of error under different conditions in these two data paths. The ping-pong update scheme saves one comparator for calculating the sign of error in each data path. For these two update schemes, we run different conditions and summary the convergent performance. We get the guideline of choosing parameters in the proposed equalizer under some system specifications especially the speed of convergence.
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Kuo, Cheng Chao, and 鄭朝國. "1.25 Gbps Clock and Data Recovery Circuit Design." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65009534451792965815.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立清華大學
電子工程研究所
91
Clock and data recovery circuits (CDR) find wide application in digital communication systems. This thesis describes an analog PLL-based clock and data recovery circuit in a 0.35um digital CMOS technology and discusses each building block of phase lock loop circuits in detail. The CDR we proposed operates at 1.25Gb/s which meets SONET OC-24 standard. To achieve a high speed with low power consumption, a 1.25GHz two-stage ring oscillator is introduced; it uses a fully differential architecture to reject noises from supply. A high speed sample-and-hold phase detector whose output pulsewidth is linearly proportional to the input phase difference is also depicted. Also an analog D flip-flop is described here as the decision circuit to regenerate data streams. The circuit is designed with fully differential architecture and employs a low phase noise VCO to reduce jitter. The simulated jitter generation is 45 ps peak-to-peak for a PRBS sequence of length 223-1. The core circuit dissipates a total power of 52.64mW from a 3.3V supply and occupies an area of 0.75 × 0.6 mm2.
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"Parallel VLSI Architectures for Multi-Gbps MIMO Communication Systems." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/70461.
Full textAbstract:
In wireless communications, the use of multiple antennas at both the transmitter and the receiver is a key technology to enable high data rate transmission without additional bandwidth or transmit power. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) schemes are widely used in many wireless standards, allowing higher throughput using spatial multiplexing techniques. MIMO soft detection poses significant challenges to the MIMO receiver design as the detection complexity increases exponentially with the number of antennas. As the next generation wireless system is pushing for multi-Gbps data rate, there is a great need for high-throughput low-complexity soft-output MIMO detector. The brute-force implementation of the optimal MIMO detection algorithm would consume enormous power and is not feasible for the current technology. We propose a reduced-complexity soft-output MIMO detector architecture based on a trellis-search method. We convert the MIMO detection problem into a shortest path problem. We introduce a path reduction and a path extension algorithm to reduce the search complexity while still maintaining sufficient soft information values for the detection. We avoid the missing counter-hypothesis problem by keeping multiple paths during the trellis search process. The proposed trellis-search algorithm is a data-parallel algorithm and is very suitable for high speed VLSI implementation. Compared with the conventional tree-search based detectors, the proposed trellis-based detector has a significant improvement in terms of detection throughput and area efficiency. The proposed MIMO detector has great potential to be applied for the next generation Gbps wireless systems by achieving very high throughput and good error performance. The soft information generated by the MIMO detector will be processed by a channel decoder, e.g. a low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoder or a Turbo decoder, to recover the original information bits. Channel decoder is another very computational-intensive block in a MIMO receiver SoC (system-on-chip). We will present high-performance LDPC decoder architectures and Turbo decoder architectures to achieve 1+ Gbps data rate. Further, a configurable decoder architecture that can be dynamically reconfigured to support both LDPC codes and Turbo codes is developed to support multiple 3G/4G wireless standards. We will present ASIC and FPGA implementation results of various MIMO detectors, LDPC decoders, and Turbo decoders. We will discuss in details the computational complexity and the throughput performance of these detectors and decoders.
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Sun, Yang. "Parallel VLSI Architectures for Multi-Gbps MIMO Communication Systems." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/61369.
Full textAbstract:
In wireless communications, the use of multiple antennas at both the transmitter and the receiver is a key technology to enable high data rate transmission without additional bandwidth or transmit power. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) schemes are widely used in many wireless standards, allowing higher throughput using spatial multiplexing techniques. MIMO soft detection poses significant challenges to the MIMO receiver design as the detection complexity increases exponentially with the number of antennas. As the next generation wireless system is pushing for multi-Gbps data rate, there is a great need for high-throughput low-complexity soft-output MIMO detector.
The brute-force implementation of the optimal MIMO detection algorithm would consume enormous power and is not feasible for the current technology. We propose a reduced-complexity soft-output MIMO detector architecture based on a trellis-search method. We convert the MIMO detection problem into a shortest path problem. We introduce a path reduction and a path extension algorithm to reduce the search complexity while still maintaining sufficient soft information values for the detection. We avoid the missing counter-hypothesis problem by keeping multiple paths during the trellis search process. The proposed trellis-search algorithm is a data-parallel algorithm and is very suitable for high speed VLSI implementation. Compared with the conventional tree-search based detectors, the proposed trellis-based detector has a significant improvement in terms of detection throughput and area efficiency. The proposed MIMO detector has great potential to be applied for the next generation Gbps wireless systems by achieving very high throughput and good error performance.
The soft information generated by the MIMO detector will be processed by a channel decoder, e.g. a low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoder or a Turbo decoder, to recover the original information bits. Channel decoder is another very computational-intensive block in a MIMO receiver SoC (system-on-chip). We will present high-performance LDPC decoder architectures and Turbo decoder architectures to achieve 1+ Gbps data rate. Further, a configurable decoder architecture that can be dynamically reconfigured to support both LDPC codes and Turbo codes is developed to support multiple 3G/4G wireless standards.
We will present ASIC and FPGA implementation results of various MIMO detectors, LDPC decoders, and Turbo decoders. We will discuss in details the computational complexity and the throughput performance of these detectors and decoders.
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Lai, Sheng-Hua, and 賴聖華. "A 10 Gbps, Wide Dynamic Range CMOS Optical Receiver." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27471122908614759281.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
電子工程學系 電子研究所
103
This thesis describes the design of a 10 Gbps, 15 dB dynamic range optical receiver in UMC 40 nm CMOS process. It also has the advantage of low power consumption, and has the best performance in terms of dynamic range at 10 Gbps operation. The optical receiver consists of a transimpedance amplifier, a post limiting amplifier and an automatic gain controlled circuit. Typically, a shunt-shunt feedback amplifier is utilized in transimpedance amplifier (TIA) design. However, under the circumstance of large input photo current, it may result in output signal distortion. Although this problem can be circumvented by reducing the feedback resistor of TIA, it may induce a higher open loop dominant pole of TIA. Thus the phase margin will be degraded and may cause stability issue. To overcome the aforementioned problem, an automatic gain controlled circuit which dynamically adjusts the feedback resistor and voltage gain of TIA core amplifier is adopted in this design. It stabilizes the open loop gain of TIA and phase margin, so as to improve system stability under wide dynamic range operation. The experimental prototype is operated under 1.2 V supply, and achieves an energy efficiency of 3.6 pJ/bit. For bit error rate of less than 10-12, the input sensitivity is -15 dB. Chip size is 0.334 mm2.
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Huang, Sheng-Jhe, and 黃聖哲. "A 400 Gbps/100 m Free-Space Optical Link." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3gayew.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
光電工程系研究所
105
The free-space optical (FSO) link is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space to transmit data wirelessly for the internet, telecommunications, and computer networking. An FSO link is developed to create a high-speed, high-security, and friendly link with a highbandwidth light signal instead of a radio frequency signal. FSO links have many attractive characteristics, as they can provide flexible, easy-to-install, and practical links due to their intrinsic immunity to electromagnetic interference and their license-free operation. As the popularity of broadband internet, telecommunications, and computer networking services increases, so does the transmission loading of data centers. Due to the omnipresent use of third/fourth generation mobile communications, smartphone users are increasing, and there is heavy transmission loading in data centers. A suitable data transmission approach should be deployed to overcome heavy transmission loading for cloud server connections. This study demonstrates a DWDM/SDM FSO link by using a 16-wavelength system, with each wavelength carrying a data stream of 25 Gbps. A DWDM/SDM FSO link with a total transmission rate of 400 Gbps (25 Gbps/λ × 16λ = 400 Gbps) over a 100 m free-space link is established. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a 400 Gbps/100 m DWDM/SDM FSO link with a doublet lens scheme has been constructed successfully.
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Liu, Yi-Hsin, and 劉怡欣. "A Millimeter Wave Frequency Synthesizer for Gbps Wireless Interconnect." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wqczqj.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
電子研究所
105
In order to increase data rate of IEEE 802.11ad proposed by WiGig to 10Gbps, this paper modifies spectrum mask, redefines center frequency of each channel, and increases phase noise constrain. However, under wide range of operating frequency (47.5~52.5 GHz) and low phase noise (-93dBc/Hz@1MHz) requirements, such high frequency synthesizer is more difficult for circuit design. This paper proposes a frequency synthesizer that operates at 1V. It adopts complementary cross couple LC voltage control oscillator which can lower phase noise of output and uses CML divider which can provide enough operation range and lower consumption of area. This work implements in 28 nm CMOS technology. The simulation of synthesizer shows that the average power consumption is below 22 mW at operating range, and the phase noise at output is around -102dBc/Hz @1MHz.
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LIU, YU-HAN, and 劉玉涵. "A 4-Gbps pulse generator for test platform applications." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94m8w7.
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Kyabaggu, Denis Senkandwa. "HIV-TB coinfection: exploring HIV-2 restriction in macrophages by interferon-induced effectors, GBP5 and SP110." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/23816.
Full textAbstract:
HIV and TB are among top causes of mortality and morbidity globally. Incident TB cases in 2015 were approximately 10.5 million, with 11% having HIV. Having HIV is also the biggest risk factor for developing TB disease.
Clinical studies show HIV-2/TB coinfection cases progress to disease slower than HIV-1/TB. However, the underlying cellular, immunological, and molecular host-pathogen interactions accounting for these observations remain unclear.
The host immune response to both viral and mycobacterial infection of macrophages is partly dependent on type I interferon, which in turn induces expression of various interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) to control the pathogens. GBP5, a GTPase with a role in activating the inflammasome; and Sp110, a nuclear body protein, are among various ISGs whose expression levels are elevated during individual viral and bacterial infections in macrophages. GBP5 seems to restrict HIV-1 replication in immune cells, while Sp110 is known to restrict MTB proliferation in macrophages, but is now thought to also promote HIV-1 replication. We hypothesized differences in the effect of these proteins on the infectivity of the two HIV subtypes in macrophages. We also hypothesized that the viral protein Vpr is associated with the host expression levels of GBP5 and Sp110.
We used small hairpin RNA to knock out GBP5 and Sp110 from THP-1 human monocytoidcell line, differentiated using PMA into a macrophage phenotype;and infected these cells with GFP-expressing HIV-2 ROD 9ΔenvΔnefstrain pseudotyped with VSV-G envelope for single cycle infection. Percentages of macrophages infected with GFP-expressing viruses were measured by Flow cytometry. To determine effect of GBP5 and Sp110 onreplication of the two HIV subtypes, HIV-1 and HIV-2, we measured virus production in supernatants of productively infected THP-1 macrophages by titering cell-free supernatants on TZMBl-reporter cells at day 3 and 6 post infection.
There was a marginal increase, and a dramatic decrease, of HIV-2ΔenvΔnef GFP+ virus infectivity inall THP-1 macrophage conditions in the absence of viral Vpr, and Vpx, respectively. Knocking downmacrophage Sp110 gene expression reduced single cycle (VSV-G pseudotyped) HIV-2 ROD 9ΔenvΔnefGFP+wild type and Vpr mutant virus infectivity but promoted Vpx mutant.There was a reduction in number of infectious HIV-1 particles released from Sp110 knockdown compared to normal macrophages over 6 days post infection; no difference in HIV-1 virus production between GBP5 knock down and normal macrophages in one experiment; and a decrease in HIV-1 virus production from GBP5 knockout compared to normal macrophages 3 and 6 days post infection in a follow up experiment.Interestingly, reduced Sp110 expression corresponded to increased HIV-2 production from macrophages in one experiment but no difference in viral production between normal and Sp110 knock down macrophages by day 3 post infection in the follow up experiment. There was no HIV-2 virus production from the Sp110 knock down cells on day 6 in the follow up experiment and virus spread was reduced in GBP5 knock down, relative to normal macrophages.
Interestingly, reduced Sp110 expression corresponded to increased HIV-2 production from macrophages in one experiment, but there was no difference in viral production between normal and Sp110 knock down macrophages by day 3 post infection in the follow up experiment. There was no virus production from the Sp110 knock down cells on day 6 in the follow up experiment. HIV-2 virus production was also reduced in GBP5 knock down, relative to normal, productively infected THP1/PMA macrophages.
Our results support the argument that HIV-2, just like HIV-1, possibly utilizes Vpr to prevent sensing of virus infection in macrophages, thus allowing viral replication without inducing interferon stimulation, and subsequent viral restriction. Our results also suggest that the host macrophage restriction factor Sp110 may indeed enhance VSV-G pseudotyped GFP+ HIV-2 and HIV-2delVpr infectivity but restrict HIV-2 Vpx mutant. This could imply presence of a yet unknown association between another HIV-2 viral accessory protein, Vpx, and the macrophage restriction factor, Sp110 known to counter invading intracellular bacteria. We report much lower productive infectious virus release of HIV-2, compared to HIV-1, from macrophages. Overall, our results suggest that Sp110 may transiently restrict HIV-2 infection of macrophages, but is eventually manipulated by the virus to promote viral replication.
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Darabiha, Ahmad. "VLSI architectures for multi-Gbps Low-Density Parity-Check decoders." 2008. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=742560&T=F.
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Jian, Hong-Yu, and 簡宏羽. "Tackling The Bufferbloat Problem over Intermittent Multi-Gbps mmWave Links." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/739px6.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
電信工程研究所
105
Due to massive available spectrum in the millimeter wave (mmWave) bands, cellular systems in these frequencies could provide orders of magnitude capacity than networks in conventional lower frequency bands. However, due to high susceptibility to blocking, mmWave links can be extremely intermittent in quality. This combination of high peak throughputs and intermittency can cause challenging problem of bufferbloat. Bufferbloat is a phenomenon triggered by oversized filled or full buffers in the network and usually results in high latency. Although there has been some research for solving bufferbloat problem in 3G/4G mobile network, these solutions may have some drawbacks over 5G mmWave links. Therefore, we proposed a dynamic receive window adjustment scheme to dynamically adjust the receive window. From our simulation results, comparing to other algorithms, our algorithm can maximize the throughput and reduce the latency over 5G mmWave links to solve bufferbloat problem.