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1
Bergallo, Massimiliano, Cristina Costa, Stefano Gambarino, Alessandra Tornicelli, Sara Astegiano, Maria Elena Terlizzi, Paolo Solidoro, and Rossana Cavallo. "Human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B genotyping from bronchoalveolar lavage specimens." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 57, no. 4 (April 2011): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w11-014.
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The genes encoding glycoprotein complexes of human cytomegalovirus are often polymorphic; in particular, glycoprotein B (gB), which is essential for both in vivo and in vitro replication, is encoded by the highly polymorphic gene UL55. In this study, the distribution of gB genotypes was investigated in 44 bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from adult patients positive for human cytomegalovirus DNA by a multiplex nested fast PCR able to amplify 5 gB genotypes (gB1–gB5). The distribution of gB genotypes was as follows: 12 (27.3%) gB1, 11 (25%) gB2, 9 (20.4%) gB3, 4 (9.1%) gB4, 0 gB5, and 8 (18.2%) mixed genotypes. No difference in prevalence was found in relation to clinical features, including immunological status, non-transplant or transplant condition, and type of transplanted organ, or in follow-up specimens; while gB4 and gB3 were shown to be significantly more prevalent in patients with respiratory insufficiency, and gB4 and gB2 in those with pneumonia. The prevalence of gB genotypes in the lower respiratory tract was similar to that previously reported using other specimen types and patients, with gB1 found to be the most prevalent. The association of gB genotypes with specific clinical features should be further investigated.
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Hatem, Alexandra E., James F. Dolan, Robert W. Zinke, Russell J. Van Dissen, Christopher M. McGuire, and Edward J. Rhodes. "A 2000 Yr Paleoearthquake Record along the Conway Segment of the Hope Fault: Implications for Patterns of Earthquake Occurrence in Northern South Island and Southern North Island, New Zealand." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 109, no. 6 (September 17, 2019): 2216–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120180313.
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Abstract Paleoseismic trenches excavated at two sites reveal ages of late Holocene earthquakes along the Conway segment of the Hope fault, the fastest-slipping fault within the Marlborough fault system in northern South Island, New Zealand. At the Green Burn East (GBE) site, a fault-perpendicular trench exposed gravel colluvial wedges, fissure fills, and upward fault terminations associated with five paleo-surface ruptures. Radiocarbon age constraints indicate that these five earthquakes occurred after 36 B.C.E., with the four most recent surface ruptures occurring during a relatively brief period (550 yr) between about 1290 C.E. and the beginning of the historical earthquake record about 1840 C.E. Additional trenches at the Green Burn West (GBW) site 1.4 km west of GBE reveal four likely coseismically generated landslides that occurred at approximately the same times as the four most recent GBE paleoearthquakes, independently overlapping with age ranges of events GB1, GB2, and GB3 from GBE. Combining age constraints from both trench sites indicates that the most recent event (GB1) occurred between 1731 and 1840 C.E., the penultimate event GB2 occurred between 1657 and 1797 C.E., GB3 occurred between 1495 and 1611 C.E., GB4 occurred between 1290 and 1420 C.E., and GB5 occurred between 36 B.C.E. and 1275 C.E. These new data facilitate comparisons with similar paleoearthquake records from other faults within the Alpine–Hope–Jordan–Kekerengu–Needles–Wairarapa (Al-Hp-JKN-Wr) fault system of throughgoing, fast-slip-rate (≥10 mm/yr) reverse-dextral faults that accommodate a majority of Pacific–Australia relative plate boundary motion. These comparisons indicate that combinations of the faults of the Al-Hp-JKN-Wr system may commonly rupture within relatively brief, ≤100-year-long sequences, but that full “wall-to-wall” rupture sequences involving all faults in the system are rare over the span of our paleoearthquake data. Rather, the data suggest that the Al-Hp-JKN-Wr system may commonly rupture in subsequences that do not involve the entire system, and potentially, at least sometimes, in isolated events.
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Tinoco, Layla Pereira do Nascimento, Lorena de Sá Oliveira, Ivanilda Maria Augusta, José Lucena Barbosa Junior, and Maria Ivone Martins Jacintho Barbosa. "Green banana biomass (Musa sp.) as an ingredient in the development of pasta." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 3 (February 9, 2022): e2711326204. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26204.
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Green banana biomass (GBB) can be used as a functional and technological ingredient in various food preparations, making them healthier and more nutritious. The aim of the present study was to determine the physicochemical compositions as well as color parameters of different GBB samples, and applying them to gnocchi pasta to determine the resulting technological and cooking properties. The bananas (‘BRS Platina, ‘Fhia 01,’ and ‘Fhia 18’) were grown in an area of the Agroecological Production Integrated System, in Seropédica-RJ, Brazil; the bananas were harvested unripe and pressured cooked to obtain their biomass. The pH values, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids, reducing sugars, moisture, ash, proteins, lipids, total starch, total energetic value (TEV), vitamin C, total phenolic compounds (TPC), minerals, and color were significantly different among the different GBB samples used. Each GBB showed different values of certain analyzed parameters; for instance, ‘BRS Platina’ presented low contents of total starch, lipids, TEV and high levels of vitamin C and TPC. The GBB ‘Fhia 01’presented the highest levels of moisture, proteins, and potassium. All GBBs provided good technological attributes (cooking time, weight increase, cooking loss, and volume increase) for the prepared gnocchi dough. Overall, the application of GBB as an ingredient in gnocchi formulation provided good technological quality and increased nutritional value, thus meeting the growing demand of the consumer market for products with greater health benefits.
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Nelson, J. "STKE: Sog Blocks Gbb, Supersog Blocks Gbb and Dpp." Science 288, no. 5467 (May 5, 2000): 773h—773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5467.773h.
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Fujita, Masaharu, Takeo Nakanishi, Yuta Shibue, Daisuke Kobayashi, Richard H. Moseley, Yoshiyuki Shirasaka, and Ikumi Tamai. "Hepatic uptake of γ-butyrobetaine, a precursor of carnitine biosynthesis, in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 297, no. 4 (October 2009): G681—G686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00238.2009.
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γ-Butyrobetaine (GBB) is a precursor in the biosynthesis of carnitine, which plays an important role in the β-oxidation of fatty acids, and is converted to carnitine by γ-butyrobetaine dioxygenase (BBD) predominantly in liver. We investigated the molecular mechanism of hepatic uptake of GBB in rat hepatocytes. Cellular localization of rat Octn2 (rOctn2:Slc22A5) was studied by Western blot analysis. Uptake of deuterated GBB (d3-GBB) was examined in HEK293 cells expressing rOctn2 (HEK293/rOctn2) and freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. d3-GBB was quantified by use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Western blot analysis demonstrated an expression of OCTN2 protein in hepatic basolateral membrane but not in bile canalicular membrane fraction. Furthermore, we found that d3-GBB was taken up by rOctn2 in an Na+-dependent manner with Km value of 13 μM. The apparent Km value for d3-GBB transport in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes was 9 μM. d3-GBB uptake by the rat hepatocytes was inhibited by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to 30% of the control, whereas it was inhibited by carnitine to 62% of the control, even at 500 μM. Furthermore, d3-GBB uptake by rat hepatocytes was decreased by 45% with rat Gat2 (Slc6A13, a major liver GABA transporter) silenced by the microRNA method. Accordingly, the present study clearly demonstrates that GBB is taken up by hepatocytes for carnitine biosynthesis not only via Octn2 but also via the GABA transporter, possibly Gat2.
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Ramírez-López, Sandra C., and Rocío Gámez-Montaño. "Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Bis-Heterocycles Containing the Imidazo[1,2-a]Pyridine by Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé Reaction." Proceedings 41, no. 1 (November 15, 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-23-06648.
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A series of six fused bis-heterocycles having imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine bound with quinoline were synthesized by microwave-assisted Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé reaction (GBBR) under green catalysis. The GBB products are privileged scaffolds and their synthesis is of great interest in synthetic and medicinal chemistry.
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Ray, Robert P., and Kristi A. Wharton. "Context-dependent relationships between the BMPsgbbanddppduring development of theDrosophilawing imaginal disk." Development 128, no. 20 (October 15, 2001): 3913–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.128.20.3913.
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The Drosophila BMP5/6/7/8 homolog, glass bottom boat (gbb), has been shown to be involved in proliferation and vein patterning in the wing disk. To better understand the roles for gbb in wing development, as well as its relationship with the Drosophila BMP2/4 homolog decapentaplegic (dpp), we have used clonal analysis to define the functional foci of gbb during wing development. Our results show that gbb has both local and long-range functions in the disk that coincide both spatially and functionally with the established functions of dpp, suggesting that both BMPs contribute to the same processes during wing development. Indeed, comparison of the mutant phenotypes of dpp and gbb hypomorphs and null clones shows that both BMPs act locally along the longitudinal and cross veins to affect the process of vein promotion during pupal development, and long-range from a single focus along the A/P compartment boundary to affect the processes of disk proliferation and vein specification during larval development. Moreover, we show that duplications of dpp are able to rescue many of the phenotypes associated with gbb mutants and clones, indicating that the functions of gbb are at least partially redundant with those of dpp. While this relationship is similar to that described for dpp and the BMP screw (scw) in the embryo, we show that the mechanisms underlying both local and long-range functions of gbb and dpp in the wing are different. For the local foci, gbb function is confined to the regions of the veins that require the highest levels of dpp signaling, suggesting that gbb acts to augment dpp signaling in the same way as scw is proposed to do in the embryo. However, unlike scw-dependent signals in the embryo, these gbb signals are not transduced by the Type I receptor saxophone (sax), thus, the cooperativity between gbb and dpp is not achieved by signaling through distinct receptor complexes. For the long-range focus along the A/P compartment boundary, gbb function does not appear to affect the high point of the dpp gradient, but, rather, appears to be required for low points, which is the reciprocal of the relationship between dpp and scw in the embryo. Moreover, these functions of gbb also do not require the Type I receptor sax. Given these results, we conclude that the relationships between gbb and dpp in the wing disk represent novel paradigms for how multiple BMP ligands signal during development, and that signaling by multiple BMPs involves a variety of different inter-ligand relationships that depend on the developmental context in which they act.
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Dieamant, Débora de Campos, Sandra Helena Alves Bonon, Francisco J. P. Aranha, Gislaine O. Duarte, Virginio C. O. Fernandes, Carmino Antonio De Souza, Sandra Cecília Botelho Costa, and Afonso Celso Vigorito. "Cytomegalovirus (CMV) gB3 Genotype Is Associated with Acute Gvhd and CMV Disease in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients (HSCT)." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 1958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.1958.1958.
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Abstract Abstract 1958 Based on sequence variation in the UL55 gene that encodes glycoprotein B (gB), human cytomegalovirus (CMV) can be classified into four gB genotypes. Previous studies have suggested an association between CMV gB genotype and clinical outcome in patients who underwent an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Objectives: The goals of this study were: identify patients with active infection caused by CMV in recipients of HSCT; determine the prevalence of CMV genotypes in the study group; correlate genotype with the CMV disease, acute GVHD and overall survival. Study design: The diagnosis of active CMV infection after allogeneic HSCT was detected by Antigenemia (AGM) and/or Nested-PCR (N-PCR). Positive samples from patients with active CMV infection were submitted to genotyping using the N-PCR to amplify a region of UL55, followed by restriction analysis based on HinfI and RsaI digestion. Real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to determine the viral load during active CMV infection and antiviral treatment. Results: Were evaluated 63 allogeneic HSCT recipients, 49/63 patients (78%) presented active CMV infection detected by AGM and/or N-PCR, in a median time of 38 days after the transplant. The distribution of CMV gB genotypes in these 49 patients with active CMV infection was as follow: gB1, 19/49 (38.8%); gB2, 17/49 (34.7%); gB3, 3/49 (6.1%); gB4, 7/49 (14.3%) and three patients (6.1%) had mixed infection with gB1+gB3, gB1+gB4 and gB2+gB4. Acute GVHD grade II-IV occurred in 17/49 (34.7%) patients: 8/19 (gB1-42%), 1/17 (gB2 - 5.9%), 4/4 (gB3 - 100%) and 4/9 (gB4 - 44.4%). The distribution of the frequency of acute GVHD grade II-IV between the genotypes was statistically different (p=0.008). CMV disease occurred in 3/49 (6.1%) patients, characterized for gastrointestinal disease and these three patients had infection with CMV gB3 genotype. This genotype of CMV was also associated with higher viral load during antiviral treatment and worse survival. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the frequency of active CMV infection in HSCT population was high (78%). The most prevalent genotype in patients with active CMV infection was gB1 and gB3 genotype was associated with acute GVHD grade II-IV, CMV gastrointestinal disease, higher viral load during antiviral treatment and worse survival. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Wharton, Kristi A., James M. Cook, Sonia Torres-Schumann, Katherine de Castro, Emily Borod, and Deborah A. Phillips. "Genetic Analysis of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein-Related Gene, gbb, Identifies Multiple Requirements During Drosophila Development." Genetics 152, no. 2 (June 1, 1999): 629–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/152.2.629.
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Abstract We have isolated mutations in the Drosophila melanogaster gene glass bottom boat (gbb), which encodes a TGF-β signaling molecule (formerly referred to as 60A) with highest sequence similarity to members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) subgroup including vertebrate BMPs 5-8. Genetic analysis of both null and hypomorphic gbb alleles indicates that the gene is required in many developmental processes, including embryonic midgut morphogenesis, patterning of the larval cuticle, fat body morphology, and development and patterning of the imaginal discs. In the embryonic midgut, we show that gbb is required for the formation of the anterior constriction and for maintenance of the homeotic gene Antennapedia in the visceral mesoderm. In addition, we show a requirement for gbb in the anterior and posterior cells of the underlying endoderm and in the formation and extension of the gastric caecae. gbb is required in all the imaginal discs for proper disc growth and for specification of veins in the wing and of macrochaete in the notum. Significantly, some of these tissues have been shown to also require the Drosophila BMP2/4 homolog decapentaplegic (dpp), while others do not. These results indicate that signaling by both gbb and dpp may contribute to the development of some tissues, while in others, gbb may signal independently of dpp.
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Bagdonienė, Lida, Danutė Labeikytė, Ivars Kalviņš, Veronika Borutinskaitė, Aleksandrs Prokofjevs, Pēteris Trapencieris, Benediktas Juodka, and Nikolajs Sjakste. "Rat Serum Carboxylesterase Partly Hydrolyses Gamma-Butyrobetaine Esters." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 60, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-60-2009-1915.
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Rat Serum Carboxylesterase Partly Hydrolyses Gamma-Butyrobetaine EstersAlthough described some time ago, gamma-butyrobetaine esters and related compounds have not gained much attention from researchers, and their physiological function remains obscure. Formerly we detected GBB-esterase enzymatic activity in rat blood serum using phenylated gamma-butyrobetaine as an artificial substrate of the enzyme and HPLC. The aim of the present work was to develop an assay that would enable spectrophotometric or colorimetric determination of the reaction products of GBB-esterase activity and to reveal individual proteins performing GBB-esterase activity in rat blood serum. For this purpose gamma-butyrobetaine 1-naphthyl ester was synthesised. Hydrolysis of this ester releases 1-naphthol, which increases the optical absorbance at 322 nm. We have shown that the enzymatic hydrolysis of GBB 1-naphthyl ester to 1-naphthol in rat blood serum is due to GBB-esterase activity. An attempt was done to purify the enzyme from rat blood serum. By combining DEAE Sepharose at pH 4.2 and affinity chromatography with procainamide we achieved a 68-fold enrichment of GBB-esterase activity in our preparations. Separation of fraction proteins in 2D protein electrophoresis with following mass-spectrometry indicated that GBB esterase activity in rat blood serum is performed in part by carboxylesterase.
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Pratiwi, Jihan Nur. "Efek Ekstrak Etanol Biji Labu (Cucurbita Moschata Durch) pada Waktu Tidur Mencit dengan Induksi Fenobarbital." Jurnal Penelitian Perawat Profesional 4, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 393–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.37287/jppp.v4i2.861.
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Gangguan tidur adalah masalah yang terjadi pada kualitas, kuantitas, dan waktu tidur, atau gabungan ketiganya, sehingga berdampak tidak baik untuk kesehatan manusia. Secara fisiologis, Tidur diatur oleh sistem ARAS (Ascending Circulatory Activity System) dan dipengaruhi oleh neurotransmiter, salah satunya adalah triptofan. Biji labu merupakan bahan alam dengan kandungan triptofan yang tinggi sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas tidur dengan memproduksi serotonin dan melatonin. Penelitian merupakan eksperimen semu dengan desain rancangan berupa Post Test Only Controlled Group Design. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 25 ekor mencit yang dipilih secara acak dan dibagi dalam lima kelompok yaitu kontrol negatif (K0) diberikan NaCl 0,9%, kontrol positif (K1) diberikan fenobarbital 40 mg/kgbb, kelompok perlakuan (P1, P2, P3) masing-masing diberikan ekstrak etanol biji labu 40 mg/gbb, 80 mg/gbb, 120 mg/gbb, disertai induksi fenobarbital 40 mg/kgbb. Hasil diukur berdasarkan waktu tidur mencit dimulai saat mencit kehilangan reflek righting diakhiri ketika mencit dapat melakukan reflek righting kembali. Terdapat ada peningkatan lama waktu tidur mencit yang diberikan ekstrak etanol biji labu pada dosis 40 mg/gBB, 80 mg/gBB, dan 120 mg/gBB dengan waktu tidur tertinggi pada dosis 120 mg/gBB yaitu sebesar 95,9 menit. Kesimpulannya, ekstrak etanol biji labu memberikan efek dalam meningkatkan lama waktu tidur mencit.
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Simbolon, Sarianti Br, Yusticia Katar, and Selfi Renita Rusjdi. "Efektivitas Kombinasi Ekstrak Kunyit (Curcuma Domestica Val) dan Madu Terhadap Ulkus Lambung Mencit BALB/c Akibat Pemberian Aspirin Secara Mikroskopis." Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas 7, no. 1 (March 10, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jka.v7.i1.p26-32.2018.
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Aspirin adalah golongan OAINS dengan efek samping yang paling sering adalah ulkus lambung. Kunyit (Curcuma Domestica val) dan madu memilki aktivitas dalam mencegah ulkus lambung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan apakah kombinasi ekstrak kunyit dan madu mempunyai efektivitas yang lebih baik dalam mengurangiulkus lambung akibat pemberian aspirin dibandingkan ekstrak kunyit atau madu saja pada mencit BALB/c secara mikroskopis. Penelitian eksperimental post test only control group design telah dilakukan dari Januari 2016 sampai Januari 2017 menggunakan 30 ekor mencit yang semua diberikan aspirin 5.2 mg/gBB untuk menyebabkan ulkus pada lambung, kemudian dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol (K) hanya diberi aspirin, perlakuan 1 (P1) diberikan larutan ekstrak kunyit dosis 10 mg/gBB, (P2) madu 0.04 ml/gBB, (P3) kunyit 10 mg/gBB + madu 0.04 ml/gBB, (P4) Kunyit 30 mg/gBB + madu 0.12 ml/gBB, diberikan selama 3 hari per oral. Hari ke-4 mencit di eutanasia menggunakan eter, kemudian diperiksa secara mikroskopis. Hasil pada kelompok P1, P2, P3 dan P4 dibandingkan dengan K dan begitu juga P4 dibandingkan dengan P3, P2, P1 menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan (p<0.05), sedangkan P3 dibandingkan dengan P2 dan P1 menunjukkan hasil tidak signifikan (p>0.05). Simpulan studi ini adalah kelompok P4 memilikiefektivitas lebih baik dalam mengurangi ulkus lambung mencit dibandingkan dengan P3, P2 dan P1.
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Simbolon, Sarianti Br, Yusticia Katar, and Selfi Renita Rusjdi. "Efektivitas Kombinasi Ekstrak Kunyit (Curcuma Domestica Val) dan Madu Terhadap Ulkus Lambung Mencit BALB/c Akibat Pemberian Aspirin Secara Mikroskopis." Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas 7, no. 1 (March 10, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jka.v7i1.776.
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Aspirin adalah golongan OAINS dengan efek samping yang paling sering adalah ulkus lambung. Kunyit (Curcuma Domestica val) dan madu memilki aktivitas dalam mencegah ulkus lambung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan apakah kombinasi ekstrak kunyit dan madu mempunyai efektivitas yang lebih baik dalam mengurangiulkus lambung akibat pemberian aspirin dibandingkan ekstrak kunyit atau madu saja pada mencit BALB/c secara mikroskopis. Penelitian eksperimental post test only control group design telah dilakukan dari Januari 2016 sampai Januari 2017 menggunakan 30 ekor mencit yang semua diberikan aspirin 5.2 mg/gBB untuk menyebabkan ulkus pada lambung, kemudian dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol (K) hanya diberi aspirin, perlakuan 1 (P1) diberikan larutan ekstrak kunyit dosis 10 mg/gBB, (P2) madu 0.04 ml/gBB, (P3) kunyit 10 mg/gBB + madu 0.04 ml/gBB, (P4) Kunyit 30 mg/gBB + madu 0.12 ml/gBB, diberikan selama 3 hari per oral. Hari ke-4 mencit di eutanasia menggunakan eter, kemudian diperiksa secara mikroskopis. Hasil pada kelompok P1, P2, P3 dan P4 dibandingkan dengan K dan begitu juga P4 dibandingkan dengan P3, P2, P1 menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan (p<0.05), sedangkan P3 dibandingkan dengan P2 dan P1 menunjukkan hasil tidak signifikan (p>0.05). Simpulan studi ini adalah kelompok P4 memilikiefektivitas lebih baik dalam mengurangi ulkus lambung mencit dibandingkan dengan P3, P2 dan P1.
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Khalsa, O., J. W. Yoon, S. Torres-Schumann, and K. A. Wharton. "TGF-beta/BMP superfamily members, Gbb-60A and Dpp, cooperate to provide pattern information and establish cell identity in the Drosophila wing." Development 125, no. 14 (July 15, 1998): 2723–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.125.14.2723.
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Within a developing organism, cells receive many signals which control their proliferation, fate specification and differentiation. One group of such proteins is the TGF-beta/BMP class of related signaling molecules. Based on expression studies, multiple members of this class of ligands must impinge upon the same cells of a developing tissue; however, the role that multiple TGF-beta/BMP ligands may play in directing the development of such a tissue is not understood. Here we provide evidence that multiple BMPs are required for growth and patterning of the Drosophila wing. The Drosophila BMP gene, gbb-60A, exhibits a requirement in wing morphogenesis distinct from that shown previously for dpp, a well-characterized Drosophila BMP member. gbb-60A mutants exhibit a loss of pattern elements from the wing, particularly those derived from cells in the posterior compartment, consistent with the gbb-60A RNA and protein expression pattern. Based on genetic analysis and expression studies, we conclude that Gbb-60A must signal primarily as a homodimer to provide patterning information in the wing imaginal disc. We demonstrate that gbb-60A and dpp genetically interact and that specific aspects of this interaction are synergistic while others are antagonistic. We propose that the positional information received by a cell at a particular location within the wing imaginal disc depends on the balance of Dpp to Gbb-60A signaling. Furthermore, the critical ratio of Gbb-60A to Dpp signaling appears to be mediated by both Tkv and Sax type I receptors.
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RUSTIANI, ERNI, Moerfiah ., and Pungky Umi Sa’diyah. "Efektivitas Herbal Cair Kombinasi Daun Pepaya dan Kelopak Bunga Rosella Sebagai Antihipertensi." Acta VETERINARIA Indonesiana 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/avi.8.1.10-17.
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Hipertensi terjadi apabila tekanan darah sistol lebih dari 129 mmHg dan tekanan darah diastol lebih dari 90 mmHg. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian herbal cair kombinasi tersebut terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada tikus putih jantan Sprague-Dawley yang diinduksi larutan NaCl 5%. Hewan uji yang digunakan terdiri dari 20 ekor tikus dengan bobot 200-300 gram dan dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari dosis I (0,27 mL/200 gBB), dosis II (0,54 mL/200 gBB), kontrol positif I (obat herbal merk X 6,48 mg/200 gBB), kontrol positif II (kaptopril 1,35 mg/200 gBB) dan kelompok kontrol negatif yang hanya diberikan akuades. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan dapat dinyatakan bahwa pemberian herbal cair dapat menurunkan tekanan darah pada tikus setelah 18 hari penggunaan. Dosis II (0,54 mL/200 gBB) merupakan dosis paling baik untuk menurunkan tekanan darah pada tikus putih jantan Sprague-Dawley dengan lama waktu pemberian paling baik untuk sistol pada hari ke-10 dan diastol hari ke-15.
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Nahm, Minyeop, A. Ashleigh Long, Sang Kyoo Paik, Sungdae Kim, Yong Chul Bae, Kendal Broadie, and Seungbok Lee. "The Cdc42-selective GAP Rich regulates postsynaptic development and retrograde BMP transsynaptic signaling." Journal of Cell Biology 191, no. 3 (November 1, 2010): 661–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201007086.
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Retrograde bone morphogenetic protein signaling mediated by the Glass bottom boat (Gbb) ligand modulates structural and functional synaptogenesis at the Drosophila melanogaster neuromuscular junction. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating postsynaptic Gbb release are poorly understood. In this study, we show that Drosophila Rich (dRich), a conserved Cdc42-selective guanosine triphosphatase–activating protein (GAP), inhibits the Cdc42–Wsp pathway to stimulate postsynaptic Gbb release. Loss of dRich causes synaptic undergrowth and strongly impairs neurotransmitter release. These presynaptic defects are rescued by targeted postsynaptic expression of wild-type dRich but not a GAP-deficient mutant. dRich inhibits the postsynaptic localization of the Cdc42 effector Wsp (Drosophila orthologue of mammalian Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, WASp), and manifestation of synaptogenesis defects in drich mutants requires Wsp signaling. In addition, dRich regulates postsynaptic organization independently of Cdc42. Importantly, dRich increases Gbb release and elevates presynaptic phosphorylated Mad levels. We propose that dRich coordinates the Gbb-dependent modulation of synaptic growth and function with postsynaptic development.
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Iskandar, Agustin, and Sudjari Sudjari. "EFEK SINERGIS KLOROKUIN DAN N-ACETYL CYSTEINE TERHADAP PENURUNAN PARASITEMIA DAN PENURUNAN KADAR MALONDYALDEHYDE ERITROSIT MENCIT YANG DIINFEKSI PLASMODIUM BERGHEI." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY 20, no. 1 (October 16, 2016): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v20i1.439.
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Malaria is still a global health problem around the world particularly in Indonesia. Chloroquine is one of the anti-malarial drugs which is still used in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to know the synergic effect of Chloroquine and N-Acetyl Cysteine towards parasitemia and erythrocyte malondyaldehyde levels in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. This was an experimental research using Plasmodium berghei and BALB/c strain mice, 6−8 weeks old, with body weight 20−30 grams. After infected with Plasmodium berghei, the mice were divided into eight (8) groups: control, chloroquine, NAC 0.25 mg/gBb; NAC 0.5 mg/gBb; NAC 1 mg/gBb and combined drugs of chloroquine and NAC 0.25 mg/gBb; NAC 0.5 mg/gBb; NAC 1 mg/gBb. On the 3rd, 5th, and 7th day after treatment, the mice were killed and their parasitemia and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. By using MANOVA and Tukey HSD test, a signifi cant difference in parasitemia level was found between the control and chloroquine group, as well as the control and combined drug groups. In the NAC groups, there was no decrease. The decrease of MDA level began on the 7th day. It can be concluded that there was a synergic effect between the chloroquine and N-Acetyl Cysteine in decreasing parasitemia and malondyaldehyde levels in mice BALB/c infected with Plasmodium berghei.
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Schultheis, Christian, Martin Brauner, Jana F. Liewald, and Alexander Gottschalk. "Optogenetic analysis of GABAB receptor signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans motor neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 106, no. 2 (August 2011): 817–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00578.2010.
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In the nervous system, a perfect balance of excitation and inhibition is required, for example, to enable coordinated locomotion. In Caenorhabditis elegans, cholinergic and GABAergic motor neurons (MNs) effect waves of contralateral muscle contraction and relaxation. Cholinergic MNs innervate muscle as well as GABAergic MNs, projecting to the opposite side of the body, at dyadic synapses. Only a few connections exist from GABAergic to cholinergic MNs, emphasizing that GABA signaling is mainly directed toward muscle. Yet, a GABAB receptor comprising GBB-1 and GBB-2 subunits, expressed in cholinergic MNs, was shown to affect locomotion, likely by feedback inhibition of cholinergic MNs in response to spillover GABA. In the present study, we examined whether the GBB-1/2 receptor could also affect short-term plasticity in cholinergic MNs with the use of channelrhodopsin-2-mediated photostimulation of GABAergic and cholinergic neurons. The GBB-1/2 receptor contributes to acute body relaxation, evoked by photoactivation of GABAergic MNs, and to effects of GABA on locomotion behavior. Loss of the plasma membrane GABA transporter SNF-11, as well as acute photoevoked GABA release, affected cholinergic MN function in opposite directions. Prolonged stimulation of GABA MNs had subtle effects on cholinergic MNs, depending on stimulus duration and gbb-2. Thus GBB-1/2 receptors serve mainly for linear feedback inhibition of cholinergic MNs but also evoke minor plastic changes.
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Suwantara, I. Putu Tangkas. "PENGARUH EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN UBI JALAR (Ipomoea batatas LAMK.) SEBAGAI HEPATOPROTEKTOR PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR." Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento 2, no. 2 (September 30, 2016): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36733/medicamento.v2i2.1103.
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Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang daun ubi jalar yang mengandung flavanoid dan fenol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol daun ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatas Lamk.) terhadap kadar SGPT serum pada tikus putih galur Wistar yang diinduksi parasetamol. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan Pre and Post Test Control Design. Populasi meliputi 25 ekor tikus putih jantan galur Wistar yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok secara acak yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif (aqua dest), kelompok kontrol positif (“Produk X”) dosis 46,9 mg/200 gBB), kelompok perlakuan 1 (dosis ekstrak etanol daun ubi jalar 40mg/200 gBB), kelompok perlakuan 2 (dosis ekstrak etanol daun ubi jalar 80mg/200g BB), kelompok perlakuan 3 (dosis ekstrak etanol daun ubi jalar 160mg/200 gBB) selama 7 hari. Pada hari ke-8 seluruh kelompok diinduksi parasetamol 378 mg/200 gBB. Data yang didapat berupa selisih antara data pre-test dan post-test dianalisis menggunakan SPSS 17.0 for Windows dengan metode ANOVA satu jalan dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatas Lamk.) dosis 160mg/200 gBB mempunyai pengaruh hepatoprotektor sebanding dengan “Produk X” dengan nilai signifikan 0,142 (p≥0,05).
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Burhan, Asril, Besse Hardianti, and Mujilah Mujilah. "UJI AKTIVITAS HIPOGLIKEMIK EKSTRAK DAUN PISANG KEPOK KERING (Musa paradisiaca forma typica) TERHADAP MENCIT JANTAN (Mus musculus)." Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar 14, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32382/medkes.v14i1.748.
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Diabetes melitus merupakan gangguan kronis yang bercirikan hiperglikemia (peningkatan glukosa dalam darah) akibat pankreas tidak mampu memproduksi cukup insulin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas hipoglikemik ekstrak daun pisang kepok kering (Musa paradisiaca forma typica). Hewan uji yang digunakan sebanyak 15 ekor mencit jantan (Mus musculus) dibagi dalam 5 kelompok terdiri dari kontrol positif (Glibenklamid), kontrol negatif (Na-CMC 0,5%), ekstrak dosis 5,6 mg/20 gBB, ekstrak dosis 11,2 mg/20 gBB dan kontrol sehat. Sebelum dilakukan perlakuan mencit dipuasakan selama 8 jam dan diukur glukosa darah awal kemudian di induksi glukosa selama 8 hari. Setelah diinduksi diukur glukosa darah kedua kemudian diberi perlakuan dan diukur glukosa darah mencit setelah perlakuan pada menit ke 30, 60, dan 90. Hasil yang diperoleh Ekstrak dosis 5,6 mg/20 gBB memberikan efek yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol positif dan kontrol sehat. Sedangkan dosis ekstrak dosis 11,2 mg/20 gBB tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontorl negatif. dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun pisang kepok kering mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada mencit yang hiperglikemia pada dosis 5,6 mg/20 gBB dan 11,2 mg/20 gBB.Kata kunci : Diabetes Melitus, Hiperglikemia, Ekstrak Daun Pisang Kepok Kering
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Karita, Dewi, Refni Riyanto, Indrasto Histopaedianto, Yusuf Indra Kusuma, Galih Rosfianto Putra, and Yoni Trismawan. "Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Kersen Terhadap Kadar Malondialdehid Rattus norvegicus Model Diabetes Tipe II Induksi Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide." Muhammadiyah Journal of Geriatric 2, no. 2 (February 4, 2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24853/mujg.2.2.69-74.
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Latar Belakang: prevalensi Diabetes Melitus terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Terapi farmakologi yang selama ini dilakukan dengan obat sintetik dan suntikan insulin cenderung mahal dan dapat menimbulkan efek hipoglikemik. Penggunaan obat tradisional pada DM tipe 2 dinilai memiliki efek samping yang lebih rendah, mudah diperoleh dan banyak tanaman yang memiliki efek farmakologi lebih dari satu. Tujuan: daun kersen mengandung berbagai jenis senyawa flavonoid yang berpotensi digunakan sebagai antioksidan untuk mencegah peningkatan Malondialdehid (MDA) akibat kerusakan sel akibat efek diabetes mellitus tipe II. Metode: 3 kelompok tikus diberi 3 dosis (0,3 mg/gBB, 0,5 mg/gBB dan 0,7 mg/gBB) daun kersen yang berbeda sedangkan 3 kelompok lainnya kontrol negatif, kontrol normal (tanpa perlakuan) dan kontrol positif (diberi metformin). Hasil: ada pengaruh pada pemberian ekstrak etanol daun kersen dengan dosis optimal 0,7 mg/gBB. Simpulan: ekstrak etanol kersen dapat menurunkan kadar MDA pada tikus dengan diabetes melitus tipe II.
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Dewi, Yustina Trihoni Nalesti, and Jonathan Kwik. "The Baku Bae Movement." Journal of Law, Religion and State 7, no. 3 (December 13, 2019): 243–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22124810-00703001.
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Ethnic and religious plurality is inextricably linked with Ambonese history. The conflict of 1999–2003 disrupted this stability and caused great damage, segregation, and radicalization. Reestablishing peace proved difficult because of complex social, economic, political, and religious factors, and parties struggled to address deep-rooted issues such as intergroup distrust and hatred. The Baku Bae Peace Movement (gbb) was an informal movement with humble beginnings, which quickly developed into a community effort and reignited intergroup fraternity by deploying a series of effective strategies. This article examines the gbb, its key strengths and weaknesses, and the contextual factors that led to its success. The success of the gbb may be attributed to inclusive grassroots participation and the invocation of shared moral values. This article concludes that although the gbb is difficult to replicate elsewhere, its core values can be implemented in other conflict regions to minimize or resolve religious violence, polarization, and fundamentalism.
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Biveinytė, S., E. Laurinaitis, and G. Uždavinys. "ŠIRDIES OPERACIJOS BAIMĖS ĮVEIKIMO BŪDO RYŠYS SU NERIMO IR SOMATINIŲ SKUNDŲ INTENSYVUMU." Psichologija 15 (January 1, 1996): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/psichol.1996.0.4457.
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114 pacientų, kurių 105 buvo vyrai ir 9 moterys, buvo tirti dieną prieš širdies operaciją, naudojant Freiburgo ligos įveikos klausimyną (FKV), Giesseno somatinių nusiskundimų klausimyną (GBB) ir Būsenos-bruožų nerimo klausimyną (STAI). Tų pačių pacientų buvo paprašyta užpildyti STAI ir GBB praėjus 4-6 dienom po operacijos. Rezultatai rodo teigiamas sąsajas tarp visų įveikos būdų ir fizinio išsekimo dieną prieš operaciją. Nerimo lygis buvo teigiamai susijęs su fizinio išsekimo lygiu. Pacientai, įveikoje labiausiai besirėmę socialine parama gavo aukščiausius GBB balus prieš operaciją, o mažiausius gavo tie, kurie rėmėsi kognityvine įveika. Depresyvi įveikos forma rodė aukščiausią teigiamą ryšį su nerimo lygiu, tiek prieš, tiek po operacijos. Pooperacinis nerimo lygis buvo artimai teigiamai susijęs su visomis GBB skalėmis. Pacientai, įveikai naudoję nuolankų elgesį, buvo linkę neigti nerimo jausmą. Būtent jie turėjo daugiausiai somatinių nusiskundimų po operacijos. Kognityvinė įveika buvo sieta su nerimo lygio sumažėjimo po operacijos. Daroma išvada, jog somatiniai nusiskundimai priklauso nuo pasirinkto įveikos būdo. Turėtų būti svarstoma galimybė įtraukti psichoterapines paramos priemones prieš ir po operacijos.
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Andriaty, Syarifah Nora, Faidil Akbar, and Abdul Wahab. "PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIFITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL 96% AKAR DAN DAUN KUMIS KUCING (ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS) TERHADAP PENURUNAN GLUKOSA DARAH MENCIT (MUS MUSCULUS)." Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan 6, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 296–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/jikk.v6i4.2118.
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Orthosiphon stamineus yang dikenal dengan nama kumis kucing adalah tanaman herbal yang banyak digunakan dalam berbagai penyakit, termasuk diabetes melitus. Tanaman ini sangat mudah dijumpai di Indonesia. Hasil Riset Kesehatan dasar (Riskesdas) 2018 diperoleh data prevalensi diabetes melitus meningkat dari 6,9 % menjadi 8,5 %. Membandingkan efektivitas ekstrak etanol 96% daun dengan akar kumis kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus) terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit (Mus musculus). Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental, 25 ekor mencit diinduksikan aloksan secara I.P, ekstrak daun dan akar kumis kucing masing-masing diberikan dengan dosis 35 mg dan 50 mg/ 20 gBB /hari secara oral selama 7 hari. Hasil: Ekstrak daun kumis kucing dosis 35 mg dan 50 mg/20 gBB/ hari menurunkan kadar glukosa darah mencit 35,45% dan 41,61%, sedangkan eskstrak akar kumis kucing dosis 35 mg dan 50 mg/20 gBB/ hari sebanyak 25,5% dan 29,19%. Uji t berpasangan didapatkan nilai p = 0.000, artinya terdapat perbedaan penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit yang signifikan. Kesimpulannya yaitu Ekstrak etanol 96% dari daun kumis kucing dosis 50 mg/20 gBB/ hari memiliki efek antidiabetik yang lebih tinggi daripada ekstrak akar kumis kucing.
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Mumpuni, Nindita Cahya, Iin Eliana Triwahyuni, and Pujiana Endah Lestari. "Efektivitas Ekstrak Bunga Rosella (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) Sistemik Terhadap Penyembuhan Ulser Pada Tikus Wistar (Rattus Norvegicus)." STOMATOGNATIC - Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi 18, no. 2 (October 11, 2021): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/stoma.v18i2.28057.
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Ulcer is an open lesion in the oral mucosa which is generally triggered by various causes including trauma, hormonal, infectious agents, nutritional deficiencies, and various other systemic abnormalities. Treatment is needed to prevent secondary infections, reduce inflammation, reduce pain and speed healing. Rosella efficacious to increase endurance, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant. This ability is obtained from flavonoids, tannins, phenols, anthocyanins and saponins. The purpose was to determine the effect of systemic rosella extract on healing time and ulcer diameter and to determine the effective dose of rosella extract on ulcer healing in wistar rats. 20 rats were ulcered on the left buccal by heating the amalgam stopper over the Bunsen fire for 30 seconds and touching for one second then waiting for 48 hours. All groups were condensed with the Vitamin C group (K+), the untreated group (K-) and the treatment group which consisted of 0.17 mg/gBB(P1), 0.33 mg/gBB(P2), and 0.66 mg/gBB(P3). The treatment is done twice a day and the measurement of diameter by placing a plastic filling instrument along the ulcer is then marked and measured with a digital calipers carried out every day until the ulcer heals. Healing time and decrease in ulcer diameter were faster in the treatment group than in the control group. Fastest ulcer healing in roselle extract dose 0.17 mg/gBB. The conclusion described Roselle extract with a dose of 0.17 mg/gBB gives the most effective effect on ulcer healing.
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Zavaglio, Federica, Loretta Fiorina, Nicolás M. Suárez, Chiara Fornara, Marica De Cicco, Daniela Cirasola, Andrew J. Davison, Giuseppe Gerna, and Daniele Lilleri. "Detection of Genotype-Specific Antibody Responses to Glycoproteins B and H in Primary and Non-Primary Human Cytomegalovirus Infections by Peptide-Based ELISA." Viruses 13, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13030399.
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Background: Strain-specific antibodies to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoproteins B and H (gB and gH) have been proposed as a potential diagnostic tool for identifying reinfection. We investigated genotype-specific IgG antibody responses in parallel with defining the gB and gH genotypes of the infecting viral strains. Methods: Subjects with primary (n = 20) or non-primary (n = 25) HCMV infection were studied. The seven gB (gB1-7) and two gH (gH1-2) genotypes were determined by real-time PCR and whole viral genome sequencing, and genotype-specific IgG antibodies were measured by a peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Among subjects with primary infection, 73% (n = 8) infected by gB1-HCMV and 63% (n = 5) infected by gB2/3-HCMV had genotype-specific IgG antibodies to gB (gB2 and gB3 are similar in the region tested). Peptides from the rarer gB4-gB7 genotypes had nonspecific antibody responses. All subjects infected by gH1-HCMV and 86% (n = 6) infected by gH2-HCMV developed genotype-specific responses. Among women with non-primary infection, gB and gH genotype-specific IgG antibodies were detected in 40% (n = 10) and 80% (n = 20) of subjects, respectively. Conclusions: Peptide-based ELISA is capable of detecting primary genotype-specific IgG responses to HCMV gB and gH, and could be adopted for identifying reinfections. However, about half of the subjects did not have genotype-specific IgG antibodies to gB.
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Shi, Xian Feng, Hong Xia Zeng, Ai Cheng Li, Na Zhang, Mi Tang, and Yu Hong Sun. "A New Method for Producing Seedless Watermelon Seedlings." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 1896–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.1896.
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A new method for producing seedless watermelon seedlings was studied in this paper. Grafting branches breeding (GBB) and grafting seedling breeding (GSB) of seedless watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum and Nakai) cultivar Mi Tong was grafted onto No.1 of E-zhen, commercial hybrids. Seed breeding (SB) self-plants were used as control. The effect of different methods on watermelon fruit yield and quality was tested. The results showed that fruit yield was positively influenced by GBB when compared with the control. Detrimental effects were not determinated on fruit qualities such as fruit index, fruit weight and sugars on grafted plants. Moreover, GBB reduced the cost of producing seedless watermelon seedlings. Therefore, the grafting technique of using branches for scion was feasible, simple and efficient in the progress of seedless watermelon development.
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Cengiz, Canan, Bülent Cengiz, and Richard C. Smardon. "A Bridge between Coastal Resilience and Tourism-Recreation: Multifunctional Benefit of Boardwalk Design for Sustainable Development in the Western Black Sea Region, Turkey." Water 14, no. 9 (April 30, 2022): 1434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14091434.
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The researchers utilized a participatory approach based on expert opinion, which was used to assess the environmental, social, economic, and visual value and accessibility benefits of the Güzelcehisar Beach Boardwalk (GBB) application in the province of Bartın in Turkey’s Western Black Sea Region. The questionnaire was administered face-to-face and online to 120 professionals from various subject area fields. According to field specialists, the benefits of the GBB are as follows: social benefit, visual value and accessibility, economic benefit, and environmental benefit. The GBB was evaluated as an example of infrastructure within the scope of effective solutions for tourism and recreation activities and resilience within sustainable development of rural coastal landscapes using a participatory approach, so the results will guide Integrated Coastal Zone Management planning for the area.
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KHARRAT, IMEN, DHIA BOUKTILA, MAHA MEZGHANI-KHEMAKHEM, HANEM MAKNI, and MOHAMED MAKNI. "Biotype characterization and genetic diversity of the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in north Tunisia." Revista Colombiana de Entomología 38, no. 1 (June 30, 2012): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v38i1.8926.
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The greenbug Schizaphis graminum, is a major pest of wheat worldwide. Biotype screening of this pest is essential to develop pest management programs. In this research, eight greenbug clones, collected on wheat in the cereal-growing region of Béja (north Tunisia), were used to determine their damage on six reference wheat cultivars. All tested clones shared a unique biotypic profile, similar to biotype C. Moreover, DNA from the tested clones and that from seven reference clones of biotypes C, E, F, G, H, I and K, was analyzed, using 5 RAPD-PCR primers. The UPGMA method clustered samples into two distinct clades: a first one (I) included clones from north Tunisia, which were clearly associated to agricultural biotypes C, E, I and K, while a second clade (II) included non agricultural biotypes F, G and H. Results reported in this paper suggest that resistance genes Gb2, Gb3, Gb4, Gb5 and Gb6 in wheat would be the most efficient if used in wheat improvement programs for resistance against greenbug in Tunisia.
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ABONYI, Festus O., Emmanuel O. NJOGA, Ugochinyere J. NJOGA, Ikenna E. OZIOKO, Chinwe J. ARONU, Sunday N. BERNARD, and Christian U. UGWUOKE. "Gut balance booster as a viable alternative to antibiotic growth promoter in swine production: evaluation of the effects on growth and health parameters." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 14, no. 1 (February 10, 2022): 11115. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb14111115.
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The use of antimicrobials as growth promoters (AGPs) in food-producing animals (FPAs) may facilitate the development and spread of antimicrobial-resistance bacteria (ARB), which threatens food safety and public health. Gut balance booster (GBB) improves gut health and growth/weight gain in FPAs without aiding the emergence of ARB. This 10-week study evaluated the effects of graded levels of GBB on growth and health parameters of weanling pigs following standard procedures. Thirty-six Large White X Landrace piglets, aged six weeks, were randomly assigned into four treatment groups (A-D) of nine piglets. Each treatment was replicated thrice with three piglets per replicate. They were fed diets A-D respectively. While diet-A was the control (no GBB), diets B, C and D were supplemented at 1.00 kg/ton, 2.00 kg/ton and 3 kg/ton, respectively. Results showed that daily feed intake and weight gain were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in supplemented groups and group-B had highest final weight gain. The GBB supplementation had no significant (p > 0.05) effect on total lipid profile but low-density-lipoprotein was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in group-B. The supplementation increased packed cell volume, total leucocyte and lymphocyte counts and humoral immune performance. The treatment diets also significantly reduced serum levels of Alanine aminotransferase and Aspartate aminotransferase, suggesting the hepatoprotective effect. Diet-B had more positive effects on production and health parameters assessed, indicating that GBB supplementation at 1.00 kg/ton could safely and effectively replace AGPs in pig production; and hence limits dissemination of ARB and its associated public health problems.
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Gultom, Roby Pahala Januario, and Hartika Samgryce Siagian. "Uji Aktivitas Analgetik Fraksi Aktif Ekstrak Metanol Daun Dewa (Gynura pseudochina (L.) DC.) Terhadap Mencit Jantan (Mus musculus)." Jurnal Farmasi Higea 13, no. 2 (November 16, 2021): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.52689/higea.v13i2.364.
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Daun dewa merupakan herbal yang berkhasiat sebagai analgetik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh pemberian Fraksi Aktif Ekstrak Metanol Daun Dewa (FAEMDD) sebagai analgetik. Ekstrak methanol daun dewa diperoleh melalui maserasi dengan pelarut metanol. Esktrak metanol yang diperoleh dipekatkan dengan rotary evaporator sehingga diperoleh ekstrak pekat. Ekstrak dilakukan skrining fitokimia untuk melihat potensial metabolit sekundernya, selanjutnya dilakukan pemisahan menggunakan Kromatografi Cair Vakum (KCV) dengan menggunakan kepolaran meningkat dari fraksi nonpolar sampai fraksi polar. FAEMDD diperoleh sebesar 1,2 g. Pengujian aktivitas analgetik FAEMDD dilakukan dengan cara membagi kelompok perlakuan sebanyak 5, yaitu KI (Kontrol (+) aspirin 1,3 mg/ 20 gBB), dan KII (kontrol (-) CMC 0,5%), KIII (FAEMDD 1 mg/20 gBB, KIV (FAEMDD 2 mg/20 gBB), KV (FAEMDD 4 mg/20 gBB. Semua mencit dilakukan adaptasi selama 2 minggu. Setelah diadaptasikan mencit diinduksi asam asetat 1% secara intraperitoneal (i.p), kemudian diberi perlakuan sesuai kelompoknya secara peroral. Setelah 20 menit dilakukan pengamatan respon geliat pada menit ke 5, 10, 15. Data dianalisis menggunakan Anova taraf kepercayaan 95%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa KIV dan KV memiliki aktivitas sebagai analgetik karena memberikan pengaruh yang nyata sebagai analgetika terhadap kelompok kontrol negatif (CMC 0,5%) (p<0,05), dengan persentase efektivitas analgetik yaitu 65,6% dan 75,7%.
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Kundarto, Wisnu, and Anafia Azzahra Pratiwi. "Potensi Ekstrak Daun Kangkung Darat (Ipomea reptans Poir) Sebagai Agen Sedatif Herbal." JPSCR : Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research 3, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jpscr.v3i1.15106.
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<span>Padatnya aktivitas dapat menyebabkan kualitas tidur menurun dan memicu gangguan tidur. Tanaman kangkung darat terbukti mempunyai efek sedasi pada dosis 2 mg/gBB, 4 mg/gBB, dan 8 mg/gBB dengan metode rotarod. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat ada tidaknya efek sedasi dengan metode refleks balik badan pada variasi dosis yang lebih kecil. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan <em>post test only control group design</em>. Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ekor mencit Balb/c jantan dan terdiri dari 6 kelompok yaitu kontrol positif fenobarbital 6 mg/kgBB, kontrol negatif akuades, perlakuan dosis 8 mg/kgBB, 16 mg/kgBB, dan 32 mg/kgBB. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan mencatat durasi waktu tidur mencit dan dibandingkan antar kelompok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dosis 8 mg/kgBB juga menunjukkan efek sedasi dan durasi waktu tidur meningkat sebanding dengan kenaikan dosis</span>
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Conley, C. A., R. Silburn, M. A. Singer, A. Ralston, D. Rohwer-Nutter, D. J. Olson, W. Gelbart, and S. S. Blair. "Crossveinless 2 contains cysteine-rich domains and is required for high levels of BMP-like activity during the formation of the cross veins in Drosophila." Development 127, no. 18 (September 15, 2000): 3947–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.18.3947.
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The BMP-like signaling mediated by the ligands Dpp and Gbb is required to reinforce the development of most veins in the Drosophila wing. However, the formation of the cross veins is especially sensitive to reductions in BMP-like signaling. We show here that the formation of the definitive cross veins occurs after the initial specification of the longitudinal veins in a process that requires localized BMP-like activity. Since Dpp and Gbb levels are not detectably higher in the early phases of cross vein development, other factors apparently account for this localized activity. Our evidence suggests that the product of the crossveinless 2 gene is a novel member of the BMP-like signaling pathway required to potentiate Gbb of Dpp signaling in the cross veins. crossveinless 2 is expressed at higher levels in the developing cross veins and is necessary for local BMP-like activity. The Crossveinless 2 protein contains a putative signal or transmembrane sequence, and a partial Von Willebrand Factor D domain similar to those known to regulate the formation of intramolecular and intermolecular bonds. It also contains five cysteine-rich domains, similar to the cysteine-rich domains found in Chordin, Short Gastrulation and Procollagen that are known to bind BMP-like ligands. These features strongly suggest that Crossveinless 2 acts extracelluarly or in the secretory pathway to directly potentiate Dpp or Gbb signaling.
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Demjén, András, Márió Gyuris, János Wölfling, László G. Puskás, and Iván Kanizsai. "Facile synthesis of 1H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazoles via a sequential one-pot synthetic approach." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 10 (October 8, 2014): 2338–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.10.243.
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5-Aminopyrazole-4-carbonitrile and ethyl 5-aminopyrazole-4-carboxylate, as potential trifunctional building blocks are introduced in a facile, chemo- and regioselective multicomponent assembly of imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazoles via the Groebke–Blackburn–Bienaymé reaction (GBB reaction). Besides the synthetic elaboration of a green-compatible isocyanide-based access in three-component mode, we describe an operationally simple, one-pot two-step GBB protocol for the rapid construction of a 46 membered imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole library with yields up to 83%.
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Dillasamola, Dwisari, Surya Dharma, and Helmi Arifin. "Pengaruh Pemberian Vanadil Sulfat dan Kromium (III) Klorida terhadap Fungsi Ginjal Mencit Putih Diabetes." Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis 1, no. 1 (February 6, 2015): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.29208/jsfk.2014.1.1.14.
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Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari dua logam berat vanadil sulfat dan krom (III) klorida pada tingkat kreatinin darah tikus putih hiperglikemia yang disebabkan oleh deksametason 11mg/kgBB. Hewan-hewan percobaan dikelompokkan menjadi lima kelompok yang terdiri dari 5 tikus putih. Kelompok I digunakan sebagai kelompok kontrol, yang hanya menerima makanan standar dan suplemen makanan. Kelompok II - V diinduksi dengan dexametason 11mg/ kgBB untuk meningkatkan kadar glukosa mereka. Kelompok III juga diberikan kromium (III) klorida 5,2 ug/ 20g BW. Kelompok IV juga diberi vanadil sulfat pada dosis 0,78 mg/ 20 gBB. Kelompok V menerima kombinasi vanadil sulfat dengan dosis 0,39 mg/ 20 gBB dan kromium (III) klorida pada dosis 2,6 ug/ 20 gBB. Tingkat kreatinin darah ditentukan dengan metode enzimatik yang dilakukan selama 42 hari dan pengamatan dilakukan pada hari ke-7, hari ke-21 dan hari ke-42. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pemberian kombinasi vanadil sulfat dan kromium (III) klorida secara signifikan mengurangi tingkat kreatinin darah tikus putih (P <0,05).
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Overland, James E., and Muyin Wang. "Potential Arctic connections to eastern North American cold winters." Czech Polar Reports 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 232–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2017-2-22.
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Far-field temperature and geopotential height fields associated with eastern North American early winter (DEC-JAN) extreme cold events are documented since 1950. Based on 19 cases of monthly extreme cold events, two large-scale patterns emerge. First, a strong Alaskan Ridge (AR) can develop with higher 700 hPa geopotential heights and positive temperature anomalies from Alaska south along the coastal northeastern Pacific Ocean, and low eastern North American geopotential height anomalies, the well-known North American ridge/trough pattern. A second subset of cases is a Greenland-Baffin Blocking (GBB) pattern that have positive temperature anomalies centered west of Greenland with a cut off tropospheric polar vortex feature over eastern North America; cold temperature anomalies extend from southeastern United States northwestward into central Canada. Both of these historical large-scale patterns associated with eastern North American cold events (AR and GBB) have the potential for future reinforcement by sea ice loss and associated warm Arctic regional temperature anomalies. An example of a GBB case is 15-22 December 2010 and an extreme AR case is in early 4-14 December 2016. In both cases lack of sea ice and warm temperature anomalies were colocated with local maximums in the geopotential height anomaly fields. Future regional delay of fall freeze up in the Chukchi Sea and Baffin Bay regions could reinforce these geopotential height patterns once they occur, but is not likely to initiate AR and GBB type events.
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Meisyahputri, Bike, and Martha Ardiaria. "Pengaruh pemberian kombinasi minyak rami dengan minyak wijen terhadap kadar kolesterol high density lipoprotein (HDL) pada tikus sprague dawley dislipidemia." Journal of Nutrition College 6, no. 1 (July 20, 2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v6i1.16890.
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Latar Belakang: Dislipidemia merupakan faktor risiko dari penyakit kardiovaskular (CVD) seperti penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) dan artherosklerosis. Dislipidemia adalah kelainan metabolisme lipid dalam darah. Salah satu kelainan komponen lipid yaitu menurunnya kadar kolesterol High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Minyak rami dan minyak wijen yang mengandung asam linolenat, asam linoleat dan antioksidan yang berpotensi dalam meningkatkan kadar kolesterol HDL darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kombinasi minyak rami dengan minyak wijen terhadap kadar kolesterol HDL pada tikus dislipdemia.Metode : Penelitian true experimental dengan pre-post test randomized control group design terhadap 24 ekor tikus Sprague dawley dislipidemia dibagi secara acak menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol diberikan pakan standar dan tinggi kolesterol dan tiga kelompok perlakuan diberikan pakan tinggi kolesterol dan kombinasi minyak rami dengan minyak wijen dosis 1 ml/200 gBB, 2 ml/200 gBB, 3 ml/200 gBB selama 14 hari. Kadar kolesterol HDL diperiksa dengan metode CHOD-PAP. Data dianalisis dengan uji Paired t-test dan Anova.Hasil : Terdapat perbedaan penurunan kolesterol HDL secara bermakna sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan pada kelompok kontrol sebesar 1,43% (p=0,003). Kelompok P1, P2, P3 mengalami peningkatan kolesterol HDL secara bermakna (p<0,05) berturut-turut yaitu sebesar 18,49% (p=0,000), 29,21% (p=0,000), dan 50,85% (p=0,000).Simpulan : Ketiga kelompok perlakuan dengan pemberian kombinasi minyak rami dengan minyak wijen selama 14 hari terbukti dapat meningkatkan kadar kolesterol HDL. Kelompok perlakuan dosis 3 ml/200 gBB paling efektif meningkatkan kolesterol HDL pada tikus dislipidemia.
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Cherkova, N. V., L. M. Dushik, G. M. Gerasymov, and А. О. Dushik. "COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE APPLYING OF PHYSICAL METHODS AT CHOLECYSTECTOMY IN AN EXPERIMENT." Likarska sprava, no. 3 (May 29, 2019): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31640/jvd.3.2019(8).
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In an experiment on laboratory animals (84 male rabbits of Shinchilla breed weighing 3 to 3.5 kg), the processes of liver tissue regeneration after cholecystectomy using electrocoagulation, cryoexposure and Harmonic scalpel (HS) at different terms were studied in a comparative aspect. The objective of the work: to study in the experiment histomorphological changes in the gallbladder bed under the influence of monopolar electrocoagulation, low temperatures and ultrasonic scalpel in a comparative aspect at cholecystectomy. Depending on the method of resection of the gallbladder and the method of hemostasis, all animals were divided into three groups. In Group I, after resection of the gallbladder, the animals underwent hemostasis of the gallbladder bed (GBB) with the help of monopolar electrocoagulation. In Group II, hemostasis was performed by the cryogenic treatment of GBB with a laparoscopic cryoapplicator. In group III, after cholecystectomy, the animals underwent hemostasis with HS. The results of the experiment made it possible to compare not only the hemostatic and cholestatic effects of various types of energy, but also to assess the grade of traumatization of the liver parenchyma in the operative intervention zone and the influence of various methods on the quality and terms of the reparative processes. The effectiveness of the HS in achieving final hemostasis with bleeding from GBB in cholecystectomy has been experimentally proven. It is determined that the depth and grade of the dystrophic process is less expressed with ultrasound exposure. The use of HS in the treatment of GBB was a safe and reliable method of stopping parenchymal hemorrhage and bile leakage from the liver parenchyma.
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Mulawarmanti, Dian, Dwi Andriani, Dian Widya Damaiyanti, Farizia Putri Khoirunnisa, and Alifati Nita Juliatin. "The effects of shark liver oil on fibroblasts and collagen density in the periodontal ligaments of Wistar rats induced with Porphyromonas gingivalis." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 52, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v52.i4.p209-214.
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Background: Periodontitis is an infection in tooth-supporting tissues caused by a specific microorganism, Porphyromonas Gingivalis (PG), which can trigger collagen destruction. Generally, periodontal therapy employs a combination of mechanical (scaling root planning/SRP) and chemical (antibiotics) remedies, the latter of which can cause bacterial resistance. On the other hand, shark liver oil contains active natural ingredients such as alkylglycerols, squalene, squalamine, and omega-3, which have antibacterial and antioxidant effects. Purpose: This study aims to determine the impact of shark liver oil on fibroblasts and collagen density in the periodontal ligament of Wistar rats induced with PG. Methods: This study represents a laboratory experiment with post-test only control group design. The research subjects consisted of 35 Wistar rats divided into five groups, namely; a negative control group (K-); a positive control group with PG induction (K+); and three treatment groups induced with PG and shark liver oil once a day for seven days at varying doses of 0.2 g/gBB (P1), 0.3 g/gBB (P2), and 0.4 g/gBB (P3). Following treatment, the subjects were euthanized. The number of fibroblasts was then histologically examined with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE). Meanwhile, the collagen density was histologically analyzed with Masson’s Tricrome. Fibroblast cells were observed through a microscope at 400x magnification. Data was statistically analyzed with a one-way ANOVA and post hoc LSD. Collagen Density scoring was then performed. The results were analyzed with a non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test (p=0.05), and subsequently with a Mann-Whitney U test (p<0.05). Results: The number of fibroblasts in the periodontal ligament areas of each group were 18.6 ± 1.21 for K-; 12 ± 1.26 for K;16.8 ± 1.72 for P1; 17.1 ± 1.94 for P2; and 23.16 ± 2.78 for P3. The results also indicated that there were significant differences between K- with K+ and P3, K+ with P1, P2, and P3, as well as P3 with P1 and P2. However, there was no significant difference between K- and P1 and P2 or P1 and P2. The results showed that collagen density in the negative control group did not significantly decrease compared to that in the positive control group in which PG was induced. Meanwhile, collagen density in all three treatment groups following doses of 0.2 g/gBB, 0.3 g/gBB, and 0.4 g/gBB being administered significantly increased compared to that in the negative control group and the positive control group subjected to PG induction. Conclusion: Shark liver oil can significantly increase fibroblast cells and collagen density in the periodontal ligament of Wistar rats induced with PG.
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Yu, K., S. Srinivasan, O. Shimmi, B. Biehs, K. E. Rashka, D. Kimelman, M. B. O'Connor, and E. Bier. "Processing of the Drosophila Sog protein creates a novel BMP inhibitory activity." Development 127, no. 10 (May 15, 2000): 2143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.10.2143.
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Structurally unrelated neural inducers in vertebrate and invertebrate embryos have been proposed to function by binding to BMP4 or Dpp, respectively, and preventing these homologous signals from activating their receptor(s). In this study, we investigate the functions of various forms of the Drosophila Sog protein using the discriminating assay of Drosophila wing development. We find that misexpression of Drosophila Sog, or its vertebrate counterpart Chordin, generates a very limited vein-loss phenotype. This sog misexpression phenotype is very similar to that of viable mutants of glass-bottom boat (gbb), which encodes a BMP family member. Consistent with Sog selectively interfering with Gbb signaling, Sog can block the effect of misexpressing Gbb, but not Dpp in the wing. In contrast to the limited BMP inhibitory activity of Sog, we have identified carboxy-truncated forms of Sog, referred to as Supersog, which when misexpressed cause a broad range of dpp(−) mutant phenotypes. In line with its phenotypic effects, Supersog can block the effects of both misexpressing Dpp and Gbb in the wing. Vertebrate Noggin, on the other hand, acts as a general inhibitor of Dpp signaling, which can interfere with the effect of overexpressing Dpp, but not Gbb. We present evidence that Sog processing occurs in vivo and is biologically relevant. Overexpression of intact Sog in embryos and adult wing primordia leads to the developmentally regulated processing of Sog. This in vivo processing of Sog can be duplicated in vitro by treating Sog with a combination of the metalloprotease Tolloid (Tld) plus Twisted Gastrulation (Tsg), another extracellular factor involved in Dpp signaling. In accord with this result, coexpression of intact Sog and Tsg in developing wings generates a phenotype very similar to that of Supersog. Finally, we provide evidence that tsg functions in the embryo to generate a Supersog-like activity, since Supersog can partially rescue tsg(−) mutants. Consistent with this finding, sog(−)and tsg(−) mutants exhibit similar dorsal patterning defects during early gastrulation. These results indicate that differential processing of Sog generates a novel BMP inhibitory activity during development and, more generally, that BMP antagonists play distinct roles in regulating the quality as well as the magnitude of BMP signaling.
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Tidore, Fadli, Antonius Rumengan, Calvyn F. A. Sondak, Remy E. P. Mangindaan, Heard C. C. Runtuwene, and Silvester B. Pratasik. "ESTIMASI KANDUNGAN KARBON (C) PADA SERASAH DAUN MANGROVE DI DESA LANSA, KECAMATAN WORI, KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA." JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS 6, no. 2 (November 1, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jplt.6.2.2018.21529.
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Global warming is one of the environmental issues related to climate change. Coastal blue carbon ecosystems such as mangrove and seagrass have ability to combat global warming. Mangrove ecosystem has an important ecological function in efforts to mitigate global warming, by carbon storage. This study was done in Lansa Village mangrove forest and focused on mangrove leaf litter. The purpose of this study was to estimate carbon content in mangrove leaf litter. Leaf litter samples were collected by using a 1x1 m2 litter trap, which was made of black nylon with a mesh size of about 0.2 cm, 8 traps were put under mangrove trees canopy, with a height of 1.5 m above sea level or at the highest tide. The samples were taken and observed every 7 days. The samples were analyzed by using Dry-Ash Method. The results showed that the average litter production of gram wet weight (Gbb) and gram dry weight obtained during the study were 122.97 gbb m2/28 days, 4.39 gbb m2/28 days, 47.69 gbk m2/28 days, 1.83 gb m2/day. The average of mangrove leaf litter biomass is 30.12 g m2. The highest amount of carbon storage in mangrove litter was 19.30 gram C. The average value of the percentage of carbon content of all plots was 31.38% per day. Based on these results the estimated amount of carbon removal in mangrove leaves was 2.16 t C ha-1 y-1 or 337.18 t C y-1.and 1,237.45 t CO2 y-1.Ekosistem mangrove memiliki fungsi ekologis yang sangat penting dalam upaya mitigasi pemanasan global, yakni sebagai penyerap dan penyimpan karbon Hutan mangrove juga memiliki peran sebagai penyerap karbon dioksida (CO2) dari udara sehingga sangat berguna untuk mitigasi perubahan iklim. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untung mengestimasi kandungan karbon pada serasah daun mangrove di hutan mangrove Desa Lansa, Kecamatan Wori, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode litter trap yang berukuran 1x1 m2, yang terbuat dari nylon berwarna hitam dengan ukuran mata jaring (mesh size) sekitar 0,2 cm, sebanyak 8 buah dipasang di bawah kanopi pohon mangrove, dengan ketinggian 1,5 m di atas permukaan air laut atau pada pasang tertinggi untuk menampung jatuhnya serasah dan diamati setiap 7 hari. Hasil penelitian diperoleh rata-rata produksi serasah gram berat basah (Gbb) dan gram berat kering yang didapat selama penelitian, sebesar 122,97 gbb/m2/28hr, 4,39 gbb/m2/hr, 47,69 gbk/m2/28hr, 1,83 gbk/m2/hr. rata-rata biomassa serasah daun mangrove sebesar 41,07. Jumlah simpanan karbon tertinggi pada serasah mangrove sebesar 19,30 gram C. Nilai rata-rata persentase kandungan karbon dari semua plot adalah sebesar 31,38% per hari, berdasarkan hasil penelitian jumlah estimasi kandungan karbon yang tersimpan pada serasah daun mangrove 2,16 ton/ha/tahun.
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Yuliani, Ni Nyoman, Jefrin Sambara, Maria Hilaria, and Harlinda Harlinda. "Effect of Basil Leaves (Ocimum sanctum L.) Infusion as Hepatoprotective Agent Induced by Paracetamol." Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev7iss2pp68-73.
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Indonesia has biodiversity potential to be developed as medicinal plants, such as basil leaves (Ocimum sanctum L.). Basil was reported to have a very high antioxidant activity in vitro. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of basil leaves (Ocimum sanctum L.) infusion to liver based Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) value in each dose. 18 rats were divided into 6 groups., control group, negative control group treated with CMC Na 0.5%, positive control group treated with Curcuma 3.6 mg / 200gBB, groups of 4-6 consecutive given a 80 mg dose infusion basil / 200 gBB, 160 mg / 200 gBB, 320 mg / 200 gBB for 8 consecutive days, on the day of the 4th and 8th all treatment groups induced by toxic doses of paracetamol (500 mg / 200 gBB) except the normal control group 1, The research data in the form of enzyme activity of AST and ALT were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric ANOVA, and Friedman test with the level of trust then followed by SNK test and Bnj test. The statistical test result with a 95% of level of trust that shown basil infuse with a dose of 80mg / 200gBB, 160mg / 200gBB, 320mg / 200gBB have hepatoprotective effects in rats induced by paracetamol 500mg / 200gBB. Based on the result of changes in average levels of AST on the fourth day and the eighth day of the three treatment infusion, infusion at a dose of 160 mg / 200gBB most effectively reduce average levels of AST and a group that has the average AST closest to the control group is positive, but infusion at a dose of 320mg / 200gBB the group that has the closest average ALT positive control group.Keywords : hepatoprotective, Ocimum sanctum L, Paracetamol
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Astuti, Karunita Ika, Fitriyanti Fitriyanti, and Norhasanah Norhasanah. "Uji Aktivitas Antidiabetes Minyak Ikan Sepat Rawa (Trichopodus Trichopterus) Asal Kalimantan Selatan." Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan 3, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v3i4.531.
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Ikan sepat rawa (Trichopodus trichopterus) termasuk ikan komoditas penting Kalimantan Selatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aktivitas antidiabetes dan dosis terbaik dari minyak ikan sepat rawa (T. trichopterus). Pengujian kuantitatif yaitu uji bilangan iod dan pengujian antidiabetes menggunakan hewan uji yaitu mencit putih jantan dan diukur kadar gula darahnya menggunakan alat glukometer. Sebanyak 25 ekor mencit dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu kelompok I diberikan kontrol negatif (Na-CMC 0,5%), kelompok II diberikan glibenklamid dengan dosis 0,013 mg/20gBB, kelompok III, IV, dan V diberikan minyak ikan sepat rawa dengan dosis 0,26 mg/20 gBB; 0,52 mg /20 gBB; dan 0,78 mg/20 gBB. Hasil pengujian bilangan iod yang dilakukan 3 kali replikasi didapat rata-rata 37,95 g/100 g. Pada pengujian uji aktivitas antidiabetes, kelompok glibenklamid sebagai antidiabetes terbaik dengan persentase penurunan sebesar 63,52%, kontrol negatif memiliki persentase penurunan 6,81%, minyak ikan sepat rawa menunjukkan bahwa dosis 0,78 mg/20gBB merupakan dosis paling baik dengan persentase penurunan sebesar 20,26%, diikuti oleh dosis 0,52 mg/20gBB dengan persentase penurunan sebesar 19,07% dan dosis 0,26 mg/20gBB sebesar 6,81%. Minyak Ikan Sepat Rawa (T. trichopterus) dosis 0,52 mg/20gBB dan dosis 0,78 mg/20gBB memiliki aktivitas sebagai antidiabetes namun tidak sebanding dengan kontrol positif.
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Haris, Muhammad Faisal, Muhammad Ibnu Kahtan, and Ari Widiyantoro. "Efektivitas Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Terung Ungu (Solanum melongena L.) sebagai Antimalaria terhadap Jumlah Eosinofil pada Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diinduksi Plasmodium berghei." Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis 7, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jsfk.7.2.107-114.2020.
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Malaria adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh parasit Plasmodium yang ditularkan ke manusia melalui gigitan nyamuk Anopheles betina. Banyaknya kasus resistensi obat antimalaria seperti klorokuin menyebabkan perlunya dilakukan penemuan antimalaria baru. Terung ungu (Solanum melongena L.) memiliki banyak senyawa metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi sebagai antimalaria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak etanol kulit buah terung ungu sebagai antimalaria terhadap jumlah eosinofil pada mencit yang diinduksi Plasmodium berghei. Kulit buah terung ungu diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Metabolit sekunder ekstrak etanol kulit buah terung ungu dianalisis menggunakan uji tabung dan kromatografi lapis tipis. Jumlah parasitemia dan eosinofil dihitung dari sediaan apus darah tepi mencit yang diberi perlakuan ekstrak dengan dosis 0,075; 0,15; dan 0,30 mg/20 gBB. Kontrol positif diberi 3,744 mg/20 gBB dihydroartemisinin-piperaquin, sedangkan kontrol negatif diberi air suling. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol kulit buah terung ungu mengandung golongan senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, steroid, fenolik dan saponin. Ekstrak paling efektif menurunkan jumlah parasitemia pada dosis 0,075 mg/20 gBB, namun tidak efektif meningkatkan jumlah eosinofil pada mencit. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara jumlah parasitemia dan jumlah eosinofil. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol kulit buah terung ungu memiliki aktivitas antimalaria tetapi tidak bersifat imunomodulator pada peningkatan eosinofil.
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Olek, Robert Antoni, Joanna Jolanta Samulak, Angelika Katarzyna Sawicka, Dace Hartmane, Solveiga Grinberga, Osvalds Pugovics, and Wieslawa Lysiak-Szydlowska. "Increased Trimethylamine N-Oxide Is Not Associated with Oxidative Stress Markers in Healthy Aged Women." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (September 16, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6247169.
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Increased plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels have been associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). L-carnitine induces TMAO elevation in human blood, and thus, it has been suggested as developing atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between selected markers of oxidative stress and plasma TMAO concentration induced by L-carnitine supplementation for 24 weeks in healthy aged women. Twenty aged women were supplemented during 24 weeks with either 1500 mg L-carnitine-L-tartrate (n=11) or isonitrogenous placebo (n=9) per day. Fasting blood samples were taken from antecubital vein. L-carnitine supplementation induced an increase in TMAO, but not in γ-butyrobetaine (GBB). Moreover, there were no significant changes in serum ox-LDL, myeloperoxidase, protein carbonyls, homocysteine, and uric acid concentrations due to supplementation. Significant reduction in white blood cell counts has been observed following 24-week supplementation, but not attributable to L-carnitine. Our results in healthy aged women indicated no relation between TMAO and any determined marker of oxidative stress over the period of 24 weeks. At the same time, plasma GBB levels were not affected by L-carnitine supplementation. Further clinical studies of plasma GBB level as a prognostic marker are needed.
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Wijayanti, Rina, and Abdur Rosyid. "EFEK ANTIPIRETIK EKSTRAK KULIT UMBI BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum, L) DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KADAR SGOT DAN SGPT TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIINDUKSI VAKSIN DTP-HB-Hib." Cendekia Journal of Pharmacy 2, no. 1 (May 30, 2018): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31596/cjp.v2i1.16.
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Demam merupakan proses yang dimiliki oleh tubuh dimana agen infeksi dan jaringan yang sudah rusak tidak bisa bertahan, ini disebabkan oleh aksi sekunder dari adanya suatu penyebab seperti agen infeksi, kerusakan jaringan, peradangan, keganasan dan penyakit lainnya. Kulit umbi bawang putih mempunyai kandungan flavonoid. Flavonoid dapat menghambat enzim siklooksigenase khususnya siklooksigenase-2 yang berperan dalam biosintesis prostaglandin sehingga proses terjadinya demam terhambat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek (ekstrak kulit umbi bawang putih) EKUBP sebagai antipiretik pada tikus putih yang diinduksi vaksin DTP-HB-Hib 0,3 ml intramuscular dan pengaruh ekstrak etanolik kulit umbi bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) (EEKUBP) pada dosis terapi antipiretik terhadap kadar SGOT dan SGPT tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan galur wistar yang diinduksi vaksin DTP-HB-Hib. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental dengan rancangan penelitian post test only control group design. Tikus putih sebanyak 25 ekor dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Kelompok I adalah kelompok kontrol negatif diberi CMC Na 1%, kelompok II kontrol positif diberi Parasetamol (PCT), kelompok III, IV, dan V diberi EKUBP dengan dosis 252 mg/200 gBB, 504 mg/200 gBB, dan 756 mg/200 gBB. Pengukuran suhu dilakukan sebelum pemberian vaksin DTP-Hb-Hib, 3 jam setelah pemberian vaksin DTP-Hb-Hib dan 30 menit sekali setelah perlakuan sampai menit 120. Pemberian dilakukan selama 7 hari dan pada hari ke-8 dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar SGOT dan SGPT metode enzymatic colorimetric kinetic. Efektivitas antipiretik dilihat melalui penurunan suhu setelah diberi EKUBP. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Annova di lanjutkan Post Hoc. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa EKUBP dosis 756 mg/200 gBB karena berbeda signifikan terhadap kelompok kontrol negatif (p0.05) dan tidak berbeda dengan parasetamol (p0.05). Analisa data kadar SGOT dan SGPT menggunakan Kruskal-wallis Test dan dilanjutkan Mann Whitney Test pada kadar SGOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, kelompok I dengan kelompok Ekstrak tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada pemeriksaan kadar SGOT dan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pula terhadap kadar SGPT tikus putih jantan galur wistar yang diinduksi vaksin DTP-HB-Hib dengan pemberian EEKUBP 252mg/200gBB, 504mg/200gBB dan 756mg/200gBB. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah ekstrak kulit umbi bawang putih (EKUBP) dosis 756 mg/200 gBB terbukti memiliki aktivitas sebagai antipiretik, dan tidak berpengaruh meningkatkan kadar SGOT dan SGPT tikus putih jantan galur wistar yang diinduksi vaksin DTP-HB-Hib. Kata Kunci : ekstrak kulit umbi bawang putih, vaksin DTP-HB-Hib, antipiretik, SGPT dan SGOT
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Haerry, T. E., O. Khalsa, M. B. O'Connor, and K. A. Wharton. "Synergistic signaling by two BMP ligands through the SAX and TKV receptors controls wing growth and patterning in Drosophila." Development 125, no. 20 (October 15, 1998): 3977–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.125.20.3977.
Full textAbstract:
In Drosophila wing discs, a morphogen gradient of DPP has been proposed to determine the transcriptional response thresholds of the downstream genes sal and omb. We present evidence that the concentration of the type I receptor TKV must be low to allow long-range DPP diffusion. Low TKV receptor concentrations result, however, in low signaling activity. To enhance signaling at low DPP concentrations, we find that a second ligand, GBB, augments DPP/TKV activity. GBB signals primarily through the type I receptor SAX, which synergistically enhances TKV signaling and is required for proper OMB expression. We show that OMB expression in wing discs requires synergistic signaling by multiple ligands and receptors to overcome the limitations imposed on DPP morphogen function by receptor concentration levels.
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Stern, Vernon M. "Control of Grape Bud Beetle (GBB) and Variegated Grape Leafhopper (VGL) 1987." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 16, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/16.1.39b.
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Abstract Pesticides were applied on the Cardinal' table grape in Coachella Valley, Calif, on 12 Mar. Vine spacing was 12 ft between rows and 8 ft within rows. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with 5 replicates for each treatment and the check. Each replicate was a single row and extended into the vineyard to include the 10th vine from the field edge. Spray application was made with a hand gun at 180 gal/acre 200 psi. Sprays were applied to runoff on both sides of the vine rows. The dead GBB were counted under the vine rows at 1 and 2 DAT. The dead GBB were punched into the sandy soil with a %-inch diam wood dowel on each count.
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Roza, Faizatin Nadya, Nuning Nurcahyani, and Hendri Busman. "EFEK TERATOGENIK EKSTRAK RIMPANG RUMPUT TEKI (Cyperus rotundus L.) TERHADAP JUMLAH FETUS, PANJANG EKSTREMITAS DEPAN DAN BELAKANG, SERTA MALFORMASI FETUS MENCIT (Mus musculus L.)." Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati 3, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jbekh.v3i1.68.
Full textAbstract:
Rumput teki (C. rotundus) mengandung senyawa yang zat-zat aktif yang dapat mempengaruhi proses hormonal jika digunakan secara langsung sehingga dapat memberikan efek samping khususnya jika dikonsumsi oleh wanita hamil. Pada periode organogenesis, embrio sangat sensitif terhadap masuknya suatu zat ke dalam tubuhnya. Penelitian yang dilakukan pada 23 Desember 2015 hingga 22 Januari 2016 di Laboratorium Zoologi dan Laboratorium Kimia Organik FMIPA Universitas Lampung bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh teratogenik dari ekstrak rimpang rumput teki terhadap jumlah fetus, pertumbuhan panjang ekstremitas depan dan belakang, serta malformasi (kecacatan) fetus mencit (M. musculus L.) secara anatomi. Dua puluh mencit betina dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok. Ekstrak diberikan secara oral pada tiga kelompok perlakuan dengan dosis 45 mg/40 gBB (B); 90 mg/40 gBB (C); dan 135 mg/gBB (D), dalam 0,4 mL aquabides sedangkan satu kelompok tanpa ekstrak (A) sebagai kontrol. Perlakuan diberikan pada hari ke-6 samapai ke-13 kehamilan (periode organogenesis). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak rimpang rumput teki tidak mengurangi jumlah fetus yang dikandung namun menyebabkan kematian pada beberapa fetus. Selain itu, ekstrak rimpang rumput teki tidak menghambat pertumbuhan panjang ekstremitas depan fetus tetapi menghambat pertumbuhan panjang ekstremitas belakang fetus secara signifikan terhadap kontrol. Pemberian ekstrak rimpang rumput teki menyebabkan perbedaan panjang antara ukuran ekstremitas depan dan belakang kanan dibanding bagian kirinya serta menyebabkan malformasi fetus dan salah satu induk mencit mati akibat pemberian ekstrak.
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Cahyaningrum, Putri, Yuanita Windusari, and Arum Setiawan. "HIPPOCAMPUS CELL DISORDERS AND NEUROSENSORY TESTS IN MICE (Mus musculus) DUE TO INDUCTION OF EXCESS SODIUM CHLORIDE." BIOVALENTIA: Biological Research Journal 7, no. 2 (November 7, 2021): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24233/biov.7.2.2021.222.
Full textAbstract:
Salt or sodium chloride (NaCl) is an additive to give food a salty taste. The use of salt in everyday life is difficult to avoid. Salt has both good and bad effects on the body. The electrolyte content of salt can help launch metabolism in the body, whereas if the body contains too much salt it will cause heart attacks and hypertension. The dose of salt consumption that has been set by the government is 5g/day. This study was conducted to examine the effect of consuming excessive sodium chloride (NaCl) on the ability to smell and to what extent it damages cells in the hippocampus of mice (Mus musculus). The method of this study was CRD (completely randomized design) with 6 replications, 1 group control and 3 repetitions induced by sodium chloride (NaCl) is 260mg/gBB (P1), 520mg/gBB (P2), and 780mg/gBB (P3). The parameters of this study are neurosensory coordination in the form of olfactory response of mice (Mus musculus) to ammonia and cell disruption in the hippocampus (DG & CA) which were observed by histological preparations of Hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining. The results of this study indicate the presence of olfactory disorders in mice (Mus musculus) and cell death in the hippocampus also increased due to excessive sodium chloride (NaCl) induction. The more salt is consumed in daily life, it will disrupt the cells in the hippocampus.