Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gaze Pattern

Academic literature on the topic 'Gaze Pattern'

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Published: 10 March 2023
Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Gaze Pattern"

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Yuan, Guoliang, Yafei Wang, Huizhu Yan, and Xianping Fu. "Self-calibrated driver gaze estimation via gaze pattern learning." Knowledge-Based Systems 235 (January 2022): 107630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2021.107630.

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Lu, Feng, Xiaowu Chen, and Yoichi Sato. "Appearance-Based Gaze Estimation via Uncalibrated Gaze Pattern Recovery." IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 26, no. 4 (April 2017): 1543–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tip.2017.2657880.

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Jang, Gukhwa, and Saehoon Kim. "INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF A RAISED CYCLE TRACK, PHYSICAL SEPARATION, LAND USE AND NUMBER OF PEDESTRIAN ON CYCLISTS’ GAZE BEHAVIOR." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 43, no. 1 (July 4, 2019): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jau.2019.3786.

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Contemporary cities are home to an increasing number of cyclists. The gaze behavior of cyclists has an important impact upon cyclist safety and experience. Yet this behavior has not been studied to access its potential implications for urban design. This study aims to identify the eye-gaze pattern of cyclists and to examine its potential relationships with urban environmental characteristics, such as a raised cycle track, physical separation, land use, and number of pedestrian. This study measured and analyzed 40 cyclist’s gaze patterns using an eye tracker; the results were as follows. First, cyclists presented a T-shaped gaze pattern with two spots of frequent eye fixation points; the pattern suggests that it may benefit cyclists with greater safety and better readiness of road situation to avoid crashes. Second, more active horizontal gaze dispersion within the T-shaped gaze pattern was observed when participants cycled on a shared and non-raised bikeway. This indicates that there is a more suitable gaze behavior with different gaze limitations depending on the environmental characteristics. Therefore, bicycle facilities need to be constructed according to the consideration of the T-shaped gaze area and the change in cyclists’ gaze behavior in each environment to increase the effectiveness of bicycle facilities.
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Brusa, Giulia, Sandro Meneghini, Aldo Piccardo, and Nicola Pizio. "Regressive pattern of horizontal gaze palsy." Neuro-Ophthalmology 7, no. 5 (January 1987): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01658108708996007.

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Murnani, Suatmi, Noor Akhmad Setiawan, and Sunu Wibirama. "Spontaneous gaze interaction based on smooth pursuit eye movement using difference gaze pattern method." Communications in Science and Technology 7, no. 1 (July 31, 2022): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21924/cst.7.1.2022.739.

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Human gaze is a promising input modality for being able to be used as natural user interface in touchless technology during Covid-19 pandemic. Spontaneous gaze interaction is required to allow participants to directly interact with an application without any prior eye tracking calibration. Smooth pursuit eye movement is commonly used in this kind of spontaneous gaze-based interaction. Many studies have been focused on various object selection techniques in smooth pursuit-based gaze interaction; however, challenges in spatial accuracy and implementation complexity have not been resolved yet. To address these problems, we then proposed an approach using difference patterns between gaze and dynamic objects' trajectories for object selection named Difference Gaze Pattern method (DGP). Based on the experimental results, our proposed method yielded the best object selection accuracy of and success time of ms. The experimental results also showed the robustness of object selection using difference patterns to spatial accuracy and it was relatively simpler to be implemented. The results also suggested that our proposed method can contribute to spontaneous gaze interaction.
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Liu, Bing, Weihua Dong, Zhicheng Zhan, Shengkai Wang, and Liqiu Meng. "Differences in the Gaze Behaviours of Pedestrians Navigating between Regular and Irregular Road Patterns." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9010045.

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While a road pattern influences wayfinding and navigation, its influence on the gaze behaviours of navigating pedestrians is not well documented. In this study, we compared gaze behaviour differences between regular and irregular road patterns using eye-tracking technology. Twenty-one participants performed orientation (ORI) and shortest route selection (SRS) tasks with both road patterns. We used accuracy of answers and response time to estimate overall performance and time to first fixation duration, average fixation duration, fixation count and fixation duration to estimate gaze behaviour. The results showed that participants performed better with better accuracy of answers using irregular road patterns. For both tasks and both road patterns, the Label areas of interest (AOIs) (including shops and signs) received quicker or greater attention. The road patterns influenced gaze behaviour for both Road AOIs and Label AOIs but exhibited a greater influence on Road AOIs in both tasks. In summary, for orientation and route selection, users are more likely to rely on labels, and roads with irregular patterns are important. These findings may serve as the anchor point for determining how people’s gaze behaviours differ depending on road pattern and indicate that labels and unique road patterns should be highlighted for better wayfinding and navigation.
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Yoo, Sangbong, Seongmin Jeong, and Yun Jang. "Gaze Behavior Effect on Gaze Data Visualization at Different Abstraction Levels." Sensors 21, no. 14 (July 8, 2021): 4686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144686.

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Many gaze data visualization techniques intuitively show eye movement together with visual stimuli. The eye tracker records a large number of eye movements within a short period. Therefore, visualizing raw gaze data with the visual stimulus appears complicated and obscured, making it difficult to gain insight through visualization. To avoid the complication, we often employ fixation identification algorithms for more abstract visualizations. In the past, many scientists have focused on gaze data abstraction with the attention map and analyzed detail gaze movement patterns with the scanpath visualization. Abstract eye movement patterns change dramatically depending on fixation identification algorithms in the preprocessing. However, it is difficult to find out how fixation identification algorithms affect gaze movement pattern visualizations. Additionally, scientists often spend much time on adjusting parameters manually in the fixation identification algorithms. In this paper, we propose a gaze behavior-based data processing method for abstract gaze data visualization. The proposed method classifies raw gaze data using machine learning models for image classification, such as CNN, AlexNet, and LeNet. Additionally, we compare the velocity-based identification (I-VT), dispersion-based identification (I-DT), density-based fixation identification, velocity and dispersion-based (I-VDT), and machine learning based and behavior-based modelson various visualizations at each abstraction level, such as attention map, scanpath, and abstract gaze movement visualization.
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THOMPSON, ROBIN L., KAREN EMMOREY, and ROBERT KLUENDER. "Learning to look: The acquisition of eye gaze agreement during the production of ASL verbs." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 12, no. 4 (September 16, 2009): 393–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728909990277.

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In American Sign Language (ASL), native signers use eye gaze to mark agreement (Thompson, Emmorey and Kluender, 2006). Such agreement is unique (it is articulated with the eyes) and complex (it occurs with only two out of three verb types, and marks verbal arguments according to a noun phrase accessibility hierarchy). In a language production experiment using head-mounted eye-tracking, we investigated the extent to which eye gaze agreement can be mastered by late second-language (L2) learners. The data showed that proficient late learners (with an average of 18.8 years signing experience) mastered a cross-linguistically prevalent pattern (NP-accessibility) within the eye gaze agreement system but ignored an idiosyncratic feature (marking agreement on only a subset of verbs). Proficient signers produced a grammar for eye gaze agreement that diverged from that of native signers but was nonetheless consistent with language universals. A second experiment examined the eye gaze patterns of novice signers with less than two years of ASL exposure and of English-speaking non-signers. The results provided further evidence that the pattern of acquisition found for proficient L2 learners is directly related to language learning, and does not stem from more general cognitive processes for eye gaze outside the realm of language.
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Guterstam, Arvid, Andrew I. Wilterson, Davis Wachtell, and Michael S. A. Graziano. "Other people’s gaze encoded as implied motion in the human brain." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 23 (May 26, 2020): 13162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003110117.

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Keeping track of other people’s gaze is an essential task in social cognition and key for successfully reading other people’s intentions and beliefs (theory of mind). Recent behavioral evidence suggests that we construct an implicit model of other people’s gaze, which may incorporate physically incoherent attributes such as a construct of force-carrying beams that emanate from the eyes. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and multivoxel pattern analysis to test the prediction that the brain encodes gaze as implied motion streaming from an agent toward a gazed-upon object. We found that a classifier, trained to discriminate the direction of visual motion, significantly decoded the gaze direction in static images depicting a sighted face, but not a blindfolded one, from brain activity patterns in the human motion-sensitive middle temporal complex (MT+) and temporo-parietal junction (TPJ). Our results demonstrate a link between the visual motion system and social brain mechanisms, in which the TPJ, a key node in theory of mind, works in concert with MT+ to encode gaze as implied motion. This model may be a fundamental aspect of social cognition that allows us to efficiently connect agents with the objects of their attention. It is as if the brain draws a quick visual sketch with moving arrows to help keep track of who is attending to what. This implicit, fluid-flow model of other people’s gaze may help explain culturally universal myths about the mind as an energy-like, flowing essence.
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Nation, Kate, and Sophia Penny. "Sensitivity to eye gaze in autism: Is it normal? Is it automatic? Is it social?" Development and Psychopathology 20, no. 1 (2008): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579408000047.

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AbstractChildren with autism are developmentally delayed in following the direction of another person's gaze in social situations. A number of studies have measured reflexive orienting to eye gaze cues using Posner-style laboratory tasks in children with autism. Some studies observe normal patterns of cueing, suggesting that children with autism are alert to the significance of the eyes, whereas other studies reveal an atypical pattern of cueing. We review this contradictive evidence to consider the extent to which sensitivity to gaze is normal, and ask whether apparently normal performance may be a consequence of atypical (nonsocial) mechanisms. Our review concludes by highlighting the importance of adopting a developmental perspective if we are to understand the reasons why people with autism process eye gaze information atypically.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gaze Pattern"

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Carlin, Johan D. "Pattern codes for perceived gaze direction revealed by functional MRI." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/243495.

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Perceiving the direction of another's attention is a critical component of normal social behaviour. Seminal electrophysiology studies demonstrated that single cells in macaque superior temporal sulcus (STS) are tuned to specific directions of social cues, including gaze direction, head view, and body posture. Furthermore, a subset of such neurons respond to a single direction across multiple cues, suggesting that the code is driven by the direction of another's social attention regardless of how this is conveyed. Attempts to reveal similar gaze representations in humans using fMRI have provided mixed results. This thesis describes research where multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) methods are applied to fMRI data in order to better explain how the human brain and particularly STS codes perceived gaze direction. After describing the MVPA methods applied in this thesis, I first demonstrate that fMRI response patterns in anterior STS distinguish between the direction of dynamic head turns, but not between the direction of rotation in non-social ellipsoids. In subsequent work, anterior STS is found to code the direction of another's gaze in a head view-invariant manner, thus demonstrating a potential parallel to previous macaque evidence for single cells that code the direction of another's attention. However, comparisons that run both across species (macaque, human) and methods (electrophysiology, fMRI) are problematic. To overcome this limitation I next tested whether macaque STS distinguishes gaze direction and head view when responses are measured with fMRI. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates the utility of applying MVPA to fMRI data to reveal socially-relevant representations of the direction of another's attention. The thesis particularly highlights anterior STS as a key region in supporting direction-specific representations of social cues. These results advance our understanding of how the brain codes socially-relevant information, and highlight possible similarities and dissimilarities between humans and macaques.
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Tao, Man-wai Angelina, and 堵敏慧. "Clinical and cognitive correlate of gaze pattern in early psychosis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/192974.

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Lack of eye contact is one of the key clinical observations in schizophrenia. Sixteen schizophrenic patients and sixteen control subjects participated in our study of eye gazing. Frequencies of eye contact of both groups were measured in a role-play test which is closer to a natural environment. Autistic traits of both groups were measured using the Autism Quotient Questionnaire. We hypothesized that patients’ frequencies of eye contact were fewer than control subjects. We anticipated that patient group would score high in AQ. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between frequency of eye contact and cognitive functioning and symptomatology. Lastly, the study also examined the relationship between frequency of eye contact and autistic traits. Result showed that patients’ eye contact were significantly fewer than control group. Patients’ overall cognitive functioning was not as good as control group. In addition, schizophrenic patients scored significantly higher than control group in the Autism Quotient Questionnaire; autistic traits were found in schizophrenia patients. There was no relationship between frequency of eye contact and cognitive functioning. Nonetheless, negative correlation was found between frequency of eye contact and Digital symbol. More eye contact was associated with lower Digital symbol score. No relationship was found between frequency of eye contact and Autism quotient. Lastly, a trend correlation was found between frequency of eye contact and PANSS negative score; more eye contact was associated with higher PANSS negative score.
published_or_final_version
Psychological Medicine
Master
Master of Psychological Medicine
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Lustig, Joakim. "Identifying dyslectic gaze pattern : Comparison of methods for identifying dyslectic readers based on eye movement patterns." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191233.

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Dyslexia affects between 5-17% of all school children, mak-ing it the most common learning disability. It has beenfound to severely affect learning ability in school subjectsas well as limit the choice of further education and occupa-tion. Since research has shown that early intervention andsupport can mitigate the negative effects of dyslexia, it iscrucial that the diagnosis of dyslexia is easily available andaimed at the right children. To make sure children whoare experiencing problems reading and potentially could bedyslectic are investigated for dyslexia an easy access, sys-tematic, and unbiased screening method would be helpful.This thesis therefore investigates the use of machine learn-ing methods to analyze eye movement patterns for dyslexiaclassification.The results showed that it was possible to separatedyslectic from non-dyslectic readers to 83% accuracy, us-ing non-sequential feature based machine learning methods.Equally good results for lower sample frequencies indicatedthat consumer grade eye trackers can be used for the pur-pose. Furthermore a sequential approach using RecurrentNeural Networks was also investigated, reaching an accu-racy of 78%. The thesis is intended to be an introduction to whatmethods could be viable for identifying dyslexia and as aninspiration for researchers aiming to do larger studies in thearea.
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Maddox, Brenna Burns. "Eye-Gaze Pattern Analysis as a Key to Understanding Co-occurring Social Anxiety within Autism Spectrum Disorder." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/65150.

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Emerging research suggests that many adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience impairing Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) or social anxiety symptoms (e.g., Joshi et al., 2013; Kleinhans et al., 2010), yet there is little guidance or agreement about how to best assess social anxiety in this population. Direct examination of overt eye gaze patterns may help determine if the attentional biases often reported in people with SAD also operate in those with ASD and co-occurring social anxiety. This study sought to assess the influence of social anxiety on gaze patterns in adults with ASD. An exploratory aim was to better understand the phenomenology of SAD within ASD. Three groups of participants were included: adults with ASD (n = 25), adults with SAD (n = 25), and adults without ASD or SAD (n = 25). As hypothesized, a large subset (n = 11; 44%) of the participants with ASD met diagnostic criteria for SAD. Contrary to study hypotheses related to gaze patterns, however, there was no evidence for gaze vigilance followed by avoidance for socially threatening stimuli in either the ASD or SAD groups, and there was no relationship between fear of negative evaluation and gaze duration toward socially threatening stimuli within the ASD group. Possible reasons for these null findings are considered. Clinical implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
Ph. D.
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Choi, Woo Young. "Activity pattern on the map of the monkey superior colliculus during head-unrestrained and head-perturbed gaze shifts." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111919.

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It has been hypothesized that head-unrestrained gaze shifts are controlled by an error signal produced by a feedback loop. It has also been hypothesized that the superior colliculus (SC) is within this feedback loop. If the feedback-to-SC hypothesis is valid, an unexpected mid-flight perturbation in gaze trajectory should be quickly followed by a concurrent change in the discharges of collicular saccade-related neurons. To verify this prediction experimentally, primate head movements were unexpectedly and briefly halted during head-unrestrained gaze shifts in the dark. Perturbed gaze shifts were composed of first a gaze saccade made when the head was immobilized by the head-brake, followed by a period where gaze was immobile, called a gaze plateau. The latter was composed of an initial period when the eyes and head were immobile, followed by a period wherein the head was released and the eyes counter-rotated to stabilize gaze. The plateau ended with a corrective gaze saccade to the goal location. In perturbed gaze shifts, there was widely distributed activity on the SC map during gaze plateaus, and there was no evidence that the initial motor program was aborted; the corrective gaze saccades were not "fresh" small stand-alone movements. Cells on the SC map responded at short latencies to head accelerations and associated gaze shift perturbations and carried a gaze position error (GPE = final - instantaneous gaze position) signal. As a large gaze shift progressed there was a caudo-rostral moving hill of activity on the SC map that encoded, not instantaneous veridical GPE, but a filtered version of it (time constant 100ms). Recordings from both the motor map and the so-called "fixation zone" in the rostral SC during perturbed head-unrestrained gaze shifts reveal gaze feedback control and a gaze feedback signal to the SC. However, these results do not prove that the SC is within the online gaze feedback loop, only that such a loop exists and that the collicular map is informed about its calculations.
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Erhard, Matthew John. "Visual intent recognition in a multiple camera environment /." Online version of thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/3365.

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Di, Francesco Fabio. "Wind pattern analysis applied Tokyo 2020 Olympic Game." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18715/.

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The following master thesis is the product of the work carried out during the Erasmus exchange of the year 2017-2018 that involved the author, exchange student from the University of Bologna, the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya , TriM, an italian company with a strong knowledge of weather data and forecasting, and Meteocat, the public meteorological company of Catalonia in a collaboration aimed to find new methodologies for the processing of meteorological data. The reason that motivated this work is dictated by the increasing amount of weather data available today, that necessarily drives the weather forecasting in a more automated procedure that reduces the time needed to generate a forecast and the intervention of a human, in the figure of a meteorologist, in the analysis of the data. This allows to process more data and thus having predictions that take advantages of the usage of many information that could result in improved forecasting. The development in the field of machine learning allows today to treat a vast amount of information in an automatic way, leaving the analysis process to the machines, freeing the user of this time-consuming task. And unsupervised learning is the branch that can process data that are not labelled nor preprocessed, speeding up the data mining. The goal of this thesis is to apply unsupervised learning techniques to this scope, taking inspiration from the available literature that experimented in this field and combining different solutions into a new technique that aims to reduce the human decision in the process of the recognition of wind patterns and improve the automationof the whole process.
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Sareen, Aman. "Reconfigurable design for pattern recognition using field programmable gate arrays." Ohio : Ohio University, 1999. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1175625525.

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Kelle, Sebastian [Verfasser]. "Game Design Patterns for Learning / Sebastian Kelle." Aachen : Shaker, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1066197598/34.

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Cao, David. "Game Design Patterns in Endless Mobile Minigames." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20038.

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Mobile apps have emerged ever since the smartphone has been establishedinto most peoples everyday life. Almost half of those available apps in the appstores are mobile games. We study game design patterns speci cally for endlessmobile minigames, as they are one of the emerging categories. This genre hasbecome popular in the app stores with its unique characteristics which include veryshort play session iterations and its minimalist design. Game design patterns arefocused on the interaction with the player and provide knowledge and experiencewith regards to games in general. Not only are they bene cial for game designers,but also for developers, practitioners and possibly researchers, as patterns providea common terminology to share information between di erent professions.We conduct a case study including ve example games and analyze endlessmobile games to identify and create genre speci c game design patterns. We searchfor commonalities and major aspects of endless mobile minigames to facilitate theproduction of such games for developers. To con rm our results, we implementa prototype of an endless mobile minigame, which is then evaluated through asurvey.The result is a collection of game design patterns based on our cases. Thequestionnaire reveals which of those patterns are relevant and should be consideredwhen developing an endless mobile game. The result outlines that game designpatterns are considered supportive when designing a game, however requires ad-justments and revisions.
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Books on the topic "Gaze Pattern"

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The game of patterns. London: Phaidon Press, 2011.

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Jussi, Holopainen, ed. Patterns in game design. Hingham, Mass: Charles River Media, 2005.

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McGray, Brian E. Pattern book for carving fish: 18 patterns and instructions for carving, texturing and painting fresh & saltwater game fish. Meriden, Conn: Goose House Publications, 1998.

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McGray, Brian E. Pattern book for carving fish: 18 patterns and instructions for carving, texturing and painting fresh & saltwater game fish. Meriden, Conn: Goose House Publications, 1995.

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V, Zolotov E., ed. Teoretiko-igrovye raspoznai͡u︡shchie algoritmy. Moskva: "Nauka", 1990.

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Upland game bird carving. West Chester, Pa: Schiffer Pub., 1992.

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Fat quarter winners: 11 new quilt projects from Open Gate. Lafayetta, Ca: C & T Pub., 2011.

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Lew, French, Craig Andrea, and Healy Patricia, eds. Gage human geography: Discovering global systems and patterns : 8. Toronto: Gage Educational Publishing Co., 2000.

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Draper, Graham A. Gage physical geography: Discovering global systems and patterns : 7. Vancouver: Gage Educational Pub., 2000.

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More fat quarter winners: 11 traditional quilt projects from Open Gate. Lafayette, CA: C&T Pub., 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gaze Pattern"

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Vo, Tan, B. Sumudu U. Mendis, and Tom Gedeon. "Gaze Pattern and Reading Comprehension." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 124–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17534-3_16.

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Che, Hekuangyi, Dongchen Zhu, Minjing Lin, Wenjun Shi, Guanghui Zhang, Hang Li, Xiaolin Zhang, and Jiamao Li. "EFG-Net: A Unified Framework for Estimating Eye Gaze and Face Gaze Simultaneously." In Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision, 552–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18907-4_43.

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Golard, Andre, and Sachin S. Talathi. "Ultrasound for Gaze Estimation." In Pattern Recognition. ICPR International Workshops and Challenges, 369–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68796-0_26.

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Her, Paris, Logan Manderle, Philipe A. Dias, Henry Medeiros, and Francesca Odone. "Keypoint-Based Gaze Tracking." In Pattern Recognition. ICPR International Workshops and Challenges, 144–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68790-8_12.

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Kocejko, Tomasz, and Jerzy Wtorek. "Gaze Pattern Lock for Elders and Disabled." In Information Technologies in Biomedicine, 589–602. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31196-3_59.

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Hammal, Zakia, Corentin Massot, Guillermo Bedoya, and Alice Caplier. "Eyes Segmentation Applied to Gaze Direction and Vigilance Estimation." In Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis, 236–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11552499_27.

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MohebAli, Reyhaneh, Rahil Mahdian Toroghi, and Hassan Zareian. "Human Action Recognition Using Attention Mechanism and Gaze Information." In Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 3–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04112-9_1.

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Ferhat, Onur, Arcadi Llanza, and Fernando Vilariño. "A Feature-Based Gaze Estimation Algorithm for Natural Light Scenarios." In Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis, 569–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19390-8_64.

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Garde, Gonzalo, Andoni Larumbe-Bergera, Sonia Porta, Rafael Cabeza, and Arantxa Villanueva. "Synthetic Gaze Data Augmentation for Improved User Calibration." In Pattern Recognition. ICPR International Workshops and Challenges, 377–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68796-0_27.

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Cao, Zhongping, Guoli Wang, and Xuemei Guo. "Stage-by-Stage Based Design Paradigm of Two-Pathway Model for Gaze Following." In Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision, 644–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31723-2_55.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gaze Pattern"

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Rodriguez, Ari, Everardo Barcenas, and Guillermo Molero-Castillo. "Model Checking for Gaze Pattern Recognition." In 2019 International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Computers (CONIELECOMP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/conielecomp.2019.8673208.

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Cheng, Yihua, and Feng Lu. "Gaze Estimation using Transformer." In 2022 26th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr56361.2022.9956687.

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Das, Dipankar, Md Golam Rashed, Yoshinori Kobayashi, and Yoshinori Kuno. "Recognizing gaze pattern for human robot interaction." In HRI'14: ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2559636.2559818.

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Zhang, Mengmi, Keng Teck Ma, Joo Hwee Lim, Qi Zhao, and Jiashi Feng. "Deep Future Gaze: Gaze Anticipation on Egocentric Videos Using Adversarial Networks." In 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2017.377.

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Yu, Yu, Gang Liu, and Jean-Marc Odobez. "Improving Few-Shot User-Specific Gaze Adaptation via Gaze Redirection Synthesis." In 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2019.01221.

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Han, Sang Yoon, and Nam Ik Cho. "User-Independent Gaze Estimation by Extracting Pupil Parameter and Its Mapping to the Gaze Angle." In 2020 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9412709.

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Mahdi, Ali, Matthew Schlesinger, Dima Amso, and Jun Qin. "Infants gaze pattern analyzing using contrast entropy minimization." In 2015 Joint IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning and Epigenetic Robotics (ICDL-EpiRob). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/devlrn.2015.7346124.

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Chen, Hongli, Mengzhen Yan, Sijiang Liu, and Bo Jiang. "Gaze inspired subtitle position evaluation for MOOCs videos." In Second International Workshop on Pattern Recognition, edited by Xudong Jiang, Masayuki Arai, and Guojian Chen. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2280281.

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Nonaka, Soma, Shohei Nobuhara, and Ko Nishino. "Dynamic 3D Gaze from Afar: Deep Gaze Estimation from Temporal Eye-Head-Body Coordination." In 2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr52688.2022.00223.

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Kang Wang and Qiang Ji. "Real time eye gaze tracking with Kinect." In 2016 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2016.7900052.

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Reports on the topic "Gaze Pattern"

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Williams, Thomas. Cell Biology Board Game: Cell Survival (School Version). University of Dundee, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001270.

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Cells are the smallest units of life. The environment around cells is always changing. Cells need to adapt to survive. This curriculum linked game and lesson plan introduces the world of cells to pupils 8-13. But can they keep their cells alive? This is a guide to how the cell survival resources can be used in a lesson and can be adapted as the teacher sees fit to do so. This lesson is aimed at 8-13 year olds, and fits into an hour long session. The Cell Survival Game has been adapted for both home use and for use in the classroom, and is accompanied by a series of videos. Learning Outcomes – Cells are the smallest unit of life – There are many different types of cells, and some examples of cell types – Cells experience many dangers, and some examples of dangers – How cells notice and defend themselves against dangers Links to the Curriculum – Health and Wellbeing: I am developing my understanding of the human body – Languages: I can find specific information in a straight forward text (book and instructions) to learn new things, I discover new words and phrases (relating to cells) – Mathematics: I am developing a sense of size and amount (by using the dice), I am exploring number processes (addition and subtraction) and understand they represent quantities (steps to finish line), I am learning about measurements (cell sizes) and am exploring patterns (of cell defences against dangers) – Science: I am learning about biodiversity (different types of microbes), body systems, cells and how they work. – Technology: I am learning about new technologies (used to understand how cells work).
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Barnes, Katrina, Barnes, Katrina, Colin Anderson, Stephanie de Chassy, Affaf Ahmed, Mudabbir Ali, Myo Min Aung, Egidio Chaimite, et al. Understanding Governance from the Margins: What Does It Mean In Practice? Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/a4ea.2021.003.

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What does governance look like ‘from below’ – from the perspectives of poor and marginalised households? How do patterns of conflict affect that? These were the questions at the heart of the Governance at the Margins research project. Over three years from 2017-2020 we worked to explore this through in-depth study in conflict-affected areas of Mozambique, Myanmar, and Pakistan. Our research teams interviewed the same people regularly over that time, finding out how they resolved problems and interacted with authorities. In this paper we connect what we found to the realities and complexities of development practice, drawing on the input of 20 experienced practitioners working in bilateral and multilateral development agencies and international NGOs, who generously gave their time to help us think through the practical implications of our wealth of findings.
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Semerikov, Serhiy O., Mykhailo M. Mintii, and Iryna S. Mintii. Review of the course "Development of Virtual and Augmented Reality Software" for STEM teachers: implementation results and improvement potentials. [б. в.], 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4591.

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The research provides a review of applying the virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technology to education. There are analysed VR and AR tools applied to the course “Development of VR and AR software” for STEM teachers and specified efficiency of mutual application of the environment Unity to visual design, the programming environment (e.g. Visual Studio) and the VR and AR platforms (e.g. Vuforia). JavaScript language and the A-Frame, AR.js, Three.js, ARToolKit and 8th Wall libraries are selected as programming tools. The designed course includes the following modules: development of VR tools (VR and Game Engines; physical interactions and camera; 3D interface and positioning; 3D user interaction; VR navigation and introduction) and development of AR tools (set up AR tools in Unity 3D; development of a project for a photograph; development of training materials with Vuforia; development for promising devices). The course lasts 16 weeks and contains the task content and patterns of performance. It is ascertained that the course enhances development of competences of designing and using innovative learning tools. There are provided the survey of the course participants concerning their expectations and the course results. Reduced amounts of independent work, increased classroom hours, detailed methodological recommendations and increased number of practical problems associated with STEM subjects are mentioned as the course potentials to be implemented.
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Sharon, Amir, and Maor Bar-Peled. Identification of new glycan metabolic pathways in the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea and their role in fungus-plant interactions. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597916.bard.

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The involvement of glycans in microbial adherence, recognition and signaling is often a critical determinant of pathogenesis. Although the major glycan components of fungal cell walls have been identified there is limited information available on its ‘minor sugar components’ and how these change during different stages of fungal development. Our aim was to define the role of Rhacontaining-glycans in the gray mold disease caused by the necrotrophic fungus B. cinerea. The research was built on the discovery of two genes, Bcdhand bcer, that are involved in formation of UDP-KDG and UDP-Rha, two UDP- sugars that may serve as donors for the synthesis of cell surface glycans. Objectives of the proposed research included: 1) To determine the function of B. cinereaBcDh and BcEr in glycan biosynthesis and in pathogenesis, 2) To determine the expression pattern of BcDH and BcERand cellular localization of their encoded proteins, 3) Characterize the structure and distribution of Rha- containing glycans, 4) Characterization of the UDP-sugar enzymes and potential of GTs involved in glycanrhamnosylation. To address these objectives we generated a series of B. cinereamutants with modifications in the bchdhand bcergenes and the phenotype and sugar metabolism in the resulting strains were characterized. Analysis of sugar metabolites showed that changes in the genes caused changes in primary and secondary sugars, including abolishment of rhamnose, however abolishment of rhamnose synthesis did not cause changes in the fungal phenotype. In contrast, we found that deletion of the second gene, bcer, leads to accumulation of the intermediate sugar – UDP- KDG, and that such mutants suffer from a range of defects including reduced virulence. Further analyses confirmed that UDP-KDG is toxic to the fungus. Studies on mode of action suggested that UDP-KDG might affect integrity of the fungal cell wall, possibly by inhibiting UDP-sugars metabolic enzymes. Our results confirm that bcdhand bcerrepresent a single pathway of rhamnose synthesis in B. cinerea, that rhamnose does not affect in vitro development or virulence of the fungus. We also concluded that UDP-KDG is toxic to B. cinereaand hence UDP-KDG or compounds that inhibit Er enzymes and lead to accumulation of UDP-KDG might have antifungal activity. This toxicity is likely the case with other fungi, this became apparent in a collaborative work with Prof. Bart Thomma of Wageningen University, NETHERLANDS . We have shown the deletion of ER mutant in Verticillium dahlia gave plants resistance to the fungal infection.
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