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Brady, Anita, and n/a. "Constituting queer : performativity and commodity culture." University of Otago. Department of Communication Studies, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080429.113540.
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This thesis foregrounds a question unanswered in queer theory�s account of the ongoing reproduction of heteronormativity. In Gender Trouble, Judith Butler asks "From where does the performative draw its force, and what happens to the performative whose task it is to undo" that discursively legitimated enacting? (Bodies That Matter 224-5). While queer theory offers a compelling account of how the normative fictions of identity privilege heterosexuality, the first part of Butler�s question remains relatively under-theorised. This thesis addresses this gap and argues that to understand the source of performative authority, we must address the intimate relationship between gay identity and commodity culture. Thus, I investigate the connections between the marketing industry, an historically politicised gay press, and a lesbian and gay politics imagined through the paradigm of identity, and argue that they combine in a citational feedback loop to performatively produce gay identity as the "ideal consumer." I then undertake case studies of two media texts, the website Gay.com and the television series Queer Eye for the Straight Guy, in order to demonstrate how the white, male, middle-class gay aesthete functions hegemonically as gayness in culture.
My analysis then turns to the second part of Butler�s question -"what happens to the performative whose task it is to undo?"- and examines the consequences of the absence of an analysis of commodity culture for the notion of queer. To that end, I suggest that alongside their repetitions of gay normativity, both Gay.com and Queer Eye perform queer possibility. However, the case studies I undertake, along with the critical reception of Queer Eye and the internet technologies behind Gay.com, suggests that these media texts fall short of the promise of queerness. This apparent failure to disturb heteronormative reproduction is connected in these critiques to each text�s commercial imperatives. This thesis argues that such critiques tend to rely on determinations of the authenticity of queer performance, and emphasise veracity over queer theory�s potential to exploit the critical potential of deliberate indeterminacy. I argue, instead, that a key part of queer theory�s contingency is its capacity to respond to the changing performative contexts of the normative repetitions it seeks to undo. To put this more simply: If consumer desire defines contemporary gayness, then it is with consumer desire that queer theory must contend. It is precisely the indeterminacy of queer that enables such shifts in its strategies of subversion. Recognition of how queer�s indeterminacy enables those subversive moves returns us to the importance to queer theory of a sustained consideration of the constitutive capacities of commodity culture. What I suggest in this thesis is that if we do no ask "From where does the performance draw its force?" then we cannot answer "And what happens to the performative whose task it is to undo?" the normative framework of identity.
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Magott, Marta. "Specifické skupiny spotřebitelů,jejich spotřební chování v České republice." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75799.
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This doctoral thesis investigates "gay marketing" as a phenomena in the environment of the Czech Republic market. Gay marketing here is understood in a broad way, as: any activities of companies towards addressing specifically homosexual consumers. The main question of the thesis is if the trend of specifically addressing homosexual consumers can and will come to the Czech market. The goal of the thesis is to recognize consumer behavior of Czech homosexuals, and based on that to find out the specificities of that consumer segment. To be able to meet the ultimate goal, the research and analysis were covering also: analysis of existing literature on that topic, comparison of the homosexuals' consumer behavior with consumer behavior of general Czech population, approach of Czech companies towards "gay marketing" and analysis of Czech press targeting homosexuals.
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Nölke, Ana-Isabel. "Viscosity of stigma : media experiences, intersectionality, and the life-course of LGBTQ+ consumers." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31438.
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For six decades, consumer researchers have relied heavily on Goffman's (1963) seminal work on stigma, often limiting themselves to a one-dimensional treatment of it as a static variable that determines the behaviour of homogenous groups. Such views, however, stand at odds with wider paradigm shifts away from modernity, and with feminist considerations about intersectionality. Most importantly, the dearth of studies examining the interplay between structural macro-dynamics and micro-level experiences has meant that rapid changes in societal attitudes have received insufficient attention. Considering the rise of minority portrayals in the past few years and importance of the media in dispersing and ameliorating stigma, there is a need to understand how media experiences differ across generations, sociocultural categories, and individual life-courses. Focusing on lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, and other (LGBTQ+) individuals, and building on Bauman's (2000) concept of liquid modernity as well as Bourdieu's (1994) theory of practice, this thesis explores how stigma experiences of two generations of LGBTQ+ consumers have changed, how this relates to their experiences of LGBTQ+ media portrayals, as well as what this tells us about how (marginalised) consumers navigate their lives and particularly the fragmentation of identity politics through (media) consumption. I followed an intersectional phenomenological enquiry, employing a meaning-based model of media experience that contributes to the literature by extending Mick and Buhl's (1992) work to account for considerations of intersectionality and intertextuality. Life story- and subsequent media experience interviews were analysed individually and across cases. The sample consisted of eight LGBTQ+ members of the Boomer- and ten of the Millennial generation. This study develops a theoretical framework of stigma as viscous instead of static: in constant flux due to the dynamic interplay between the doxic attitudes in social fields, as well as individual embodied dispositions, the stigma habitus. This provides a richer understanding of how it is enacted in consumer culture, enabling a critical analysis of the dialectic relationship between individuals and their environment. Through this framework, my study challenges generational accounts of difference, which are found to be too simplistic to account for diverging (media) experiences. Instead, it is the dialectic between context and (stigma) habitus that shapes dynamic experiences. For participants facing high levels of stigma viscosity, for example, LGBTQ+ portrayals seemed particularly important and experiences revolved around social acceptance. Moreover, lived experiences, as well as doxic beliefs about media, advertising, and a text's 'author' formed an intertextual frame of reference used to evaluate portrayals' authenticity and harmfulness. Importantly, participants' preference for or rejection of 'radical' vs heteronormative portrayals was shaped by tastes that have become naturalised in their habitus, with disparate doxic beliefs generating reflexive guilt and ambivalence. My findings suggest that stigma amelioration may ultimately lead to symbolic violence within the LGBTQ+ community against those who do not adhere to accepted consumption standards. This study also has implications for consumers more broadly as changes in viscosity affect consumption practices. Adhering to a critical approach, I describe a range of recommendations for practitioners and reflexive practices I engaged in following this study.
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Snezek, Louann A. "Clothing preferences and shopping behavior of male homosexual and heterosexual college students." Connect to this title online, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1094831851.
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Järvstrand, Andreas, Axel Larsson, and Kasper Sundström. "Transforming Consumer Values into Eco-Friendly Purchases : A study on young Swedish consumers within the Electronic mobile device market." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-30145.
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Problem: Although modern people are more aware than ever about the environment and responsible sourcing of raw materials, a gap exists between consumers’ preferences on eco-friendly products and their actual purchasing behaviour. Companies operating in the electronic mobile device industry have been unable to bridge this value-action gap and relatively little research has been conducted on this industry. Topic & Purpose: This paper aims to investigate and discover the preferences and purchasing behaviour of young Swedish consumers operating in the electronic mobile device industry. This paper will focus on purchasing intentions, willingness to pay, and identify which consumption values have the highest effects on these consumers’ intent to purchase eco-friendly mobile devices. Method: A descriptive strategy and a deductive approach were applied in order to understand the impact of consumption values, CSR, brand image, and product information on young Swedish consumers. Eight hypotheses were developed to test the influence of each of these factors. The empirical study was was based on a quantitative approach and the data collection was made through an online survey and face-to-face interviews targeted towards young Swedish consumers between the ages of 18 and 28. The data analysis was conducted by using the SPSS program in order to gain numerical values which could be used to analyse the validity of each hypothesis. Conclusion: This study discovered two out of five consumption values to have a clearly higher impact on young Swedish consumers’ purchasing intentions towards eco-friendly mobile devices. These values were emotional and conditional value, indicating that environmental awareness and situational factors have the highest influence on shaping the consumption values of these consumers. In addition, brand image was seen to be an influential factor for these consumers, as opposed to CSR, or product information. Based on these findings, suggestions for further research were presented.
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Hoenig, Jennifer. "Sexual Identity Milestone Attainment: Understanding Differences among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Young People." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613143.
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Those examining lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) sexual identity development have largely shifted away from testing stage models of the past (Cass, 1979; Coleman, 1982; Troiden, 1989) to understanding differences in the age and order of milestone occurrence and issues of timing. Examination of milestone attainment was more prevalent at the turn of the 21st century and thus less is known about milestone attainment among current cohorts of LGB identified young people. The goals of this dissertation were to 1) describe milestone attainment among a recent cohort of LGB identified young people, examining group differences, 2) examine the connection between age of milestone attainment and indicators of mental health and substance use, focusing on bias-based victimization as a potential moderator, 3) explore racism as a mediator to explain differences in age of milestone attainment among LGB young people of color. Three papers were produced using data from a three-site longitudinal panel study of risk and protective factors for suicide among LGB, transgender, and queer/questioning youth. Results indicated that age of milestone attainment for first label as LGB, first disclosure to another person, and first same-sex sexual experience were younger in this contemporary cohort of young people compared to results found in previous studies. However, few group differences were found. Additionally, associations were found between younger age of milestone attainment and more reports of substance use. Implications for health promotion and prevention programs as well as future research directions are discussed.
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DeMerchant, Elizabeth Ann. "Consumers' knowledge, practices, and satisfaction with cooking systems' interaction." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09192009-040448/.
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Fink, Leonie Linda Fink [Verfasser], and Angelika [Akademischer Betreuer] Ploeger. "Sustainable diets : Studies on German consumers' intention-behavior gap." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2020. http://d-nb.info/122556767X/34.
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Apell, Karlsson Jennifer, Moa Gustafsson, and Rikard Rasmusson. "Consumers' Response to Irresponsible Corporate Behaviour : A Study of the Swedish Consumers' Attitude and Behaviour." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26693.
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How companies in the apparel industry produce their products is receiving increasingly more attention, both in the society and marketplace, as well as by consumers. Despite the increasing amount of corporate scandals and corporate irresponsibility within the apparel industry, the previous research conducted within this field has mainly focused on how positive CSR affects consumers. This thesis aims to investigate how Swedish consumers’ attitude and behaviour are affected by negative CSR in the apparel industry. In order to fulfil the purpose of this thesis, a mix of quantitative and qualitative research was used to conduct an abductive study. The data was gathered through a survey posted on social media and by performing semi-structured interviews with participants consisting of Swedish consumers. The authors of this thesis have identified that Swedish consumer’s attitude is affected by negative CSR performed by apparel companies. However, the change in consumer attitude did not necessarily transfer into a change in behaviour, which generates an attitude-behaviour gap. The key barriers identified contributing to this gap are Swedish consumers’ lack of knowledge, and that they generally value personal needs and wants such as price, quality, and style greater than social responsibility.
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Minkova, Iliana, and Lozano Ana Isabel Castellanos. "The Ethical Colour : Exploring the intention-behaviour (I-B) gap among Generation Y women with relation to ethical makeup." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-43961.
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Background: Makeup has become the fastest‐growing beauty category in the last years, partly due to the effects of the digitalisation, and the growing importance conferred upon the digital image. Consumers are becoming increasingly aware of the business practices behind the goods they buy, and the impact of their purchases on the environment, and the human and animal welfare. However, not always ethical intentions are translated into purchases. This gap between the intention and the actual behaviour, also known as “I-B gap”, has been researched within the sectors of food or clothing; however, it remains unexplored in the case of makeup. Purpose: This thesis aims to explore the main reasons leading to the I-B gap in reference to ethical makeup. Method: An exploratory qualitative study based on 14 semi-structured interviews was conducted among European millennial females. Conclusions: The yawning gap existing between intention and behaviour towards ethical makeup is shown in this paper, as well as the factors that explain it. Despite the positive overall attitude and intention of the sample towards such products, the general lack of awareness associated with the ethical makeup is evidenced. Furthermore, the store environment, ranging from the products display and visibility, to the customer service, and the samples’ trial availability, exert a major influence on purchase. In addition, the brand or product attachment may play a crucial role in the final purchase decision. More specifically, this research reveals that consumers appeared to remain loyal towards makeup products that they are already satisfied and familiar with. These aspects seem to represent a challenge to overcome by ethical makeup companies, since above the ethical credentials, customers value other aspects such as the effectiveness, the suitability of the product with the skin type, the quality-price balance, the availability or the variety.
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Chaline, Eric. "From leather outlaw to sexual consumer? : gay SM in the United Kingdom, 1950s-present." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487083.
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This thesis presents the findings of a sociological study of gay SM (male homosexual sadomasochism) in the United Kingdom from the 19505 to the present. Located in the social constructionist tradition of Weeks (1981, 1985, 1995a) and Foucault (1984, 1988, 1990), the study employed both quantitative and qualitative methodologies and research methods. The analytical structure for the presentation of the findings follows an adapted version of Derek Layder's (1997, 2(04)) theory of social domains. The study opens with an account of the development of gay SM in the United Kingdom, divided into four historical phases. The fourth and current phase provides the first comprehensive ethnographic description of gay SM's present-day social worlds, focusing on the growth of the commercial sector and the Internet as the most significant factors in the production and reproduction of contemporary gay SM. Having set the historical scene, I update existing demographic information on participants and define three levels of self-identification and five categories of individual narrative constructs of gay SM. I then apply Gagnon and Simon's (1973) theory of sexual scripting to socialization into gay SM, describing seven sources of intrapsychic scripting and three patterns of conversion from intrapsychic to interpersonal scripting. This introduces a detailed account of small-scale and group gay SM interactions that stresses their embodied, emotional characteristics and highlights the leading role of small-scale interactions in private in the production and reproduction of gay SM for much of the period under study. The examination of lived, embodied interactions is complemented by an analysis of the various discursive constructions of gay SM, with special reference to the relationship between 'sadomasochism', 'leather' and 'SM' and to the role of the 'Black Pound', the term I have chosen to describe the discourses found in the gay SM commercial sector. I summarize and conclude the thesis with a definition of gay SM as 'The performance of consensual eroticized power-relationship interactions between gay men'.
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Muraco, Joel A. "Minority Stress in the Lives of Gay and Lesbian Couples." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/323221.
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The goal of this dissertation is to examine minority stress in the lives of gay and lesbian individuals and couples. To do this I conducted three separate, but empirically and conceptually related studies using data from 68 self-identified gay men and lesbians. Of these, 38 participants were coupled (n = 19 couples). All three studies were informed by minority stress theory. In the first study I examined individual (N = 68) and partner (n = 38) correlates and associations with concern for safety because of sexual orientation and harassment because of sexual orientation. Comfort with homosexuality was the strongest negative predictor of concern for safety because of sexual orientation. Further, involvement with gay related activities was found to be the strongest positive predictor of harassment because of sexual orientation. In the next two studies I examined the daily influence of minority stress for same-sex couples (n = 19). In the second study I examined how daily public displays (PDA) of affection are associated with daily relationship satisfaction, daily concern for safety because of sexual orientation, and daily harassment because of sexual orientation. I found daily PDA to be positively associated with concurrent and lagged relationship satisfaction, positively associated with concurrent and lagged concern for safety, and concurrent, lagged, and prospective increases in harassment because of sexual orientation. In the third and final study I examined the moderating effect of daily relationship satisfaction on the relationships between daily concern for safety and harassment in predicting daily physical health and well-being. I find that daily concern for safety and harassment are not associated with daily physical health suggesting that the negative effects of minority stress on physical health are more cumulative and do not fluctuate from day-to-day. I also find that daily relationship satisfaction does moderate the relationship between daily concern for safety and harassment and their daily well-being in unexpected ways. Collectively, this dissertation illustrates the complex influence of minority stress in the lives of gay and lesbian individuals and couples in two ways: first, as it pertains to how personal characteristics and behaviors (e.g. involvement with gay related activities and engagement in PDA) are associated with minority stress overall and on a daily basis; second, by illustrating the daily influence of minority stress on daily physical health and well-being. In conclusion, in these studies I highlight the complexity of life and how minority stress, stress that is unique to gay men and lesbian individuals and couples, complicates otherwise beneficial behaviors. Further, I illustrate the long and short term ramifications minority stress has on gay men and lesbian individuals and couples.
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Moon, Nike, and Eszter Bordi. "Sustainable apparel consumption: the attitude-behavior gap among Swedish consumers : An exploratory study on Millennials and Generation X consumers´ purchasing habits." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44272.
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This thesis aims to investigate sustainable apparel purchasing habits from customers’ perspective with an emphasis on attitude-behaviour towards the phenomenon. Furthermore, the possible attitude-behaviour gaps are detected throughout the research, illustrating dissimilarities in sustainable apparel consumption and discrepancies between actual purchasing action and consumer attitude. The study analyses Swedish consumption patterns, within Millennials and Generation X consumers by using a qualitative research strategy, where participants have the ability to express their perceptions on the concept and evaluate on their post-purchases. Two chosen models are used as fundamental pillars in understanding essential purchasing actions. The findings contribute to the models while also develop theories based on them.
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Sonnekus, Theo. "Invisible queers investigating the 'other' Other in gay visual cultures /." Diss., Pretoria [S.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10152009-152556.
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Watson, Ryan. "Inquiries Into Sexual Minority Youth and Young Adults Over Time and Across Cultures." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/338686.
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Sexual minorities or those minoritized as a result of the expressed or assumed sexual orientations and identities (i.e., lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer), by virtue of their sometimes stigmatized identities, oftentimes report deleterious and unprovoked experiences of harassment, victimization, and prejudice. For several decades, research has confirmed that lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals are at high risk for maladaptive outcomes, including higher rates of suicidality, depression, substance use and abuse, and anxiety disorders. The goal of this dissertation was to 1) document and compare these disparities across two cultures, 2) disentangle social support systems that are important to sexual minorities, and 3) identify factors that best protect sexual minorities against the effects of bias-based bullying. Large datasets were used to compare, understand, and trace the processes of interpersonal relational support on adjustment for sexual minorities. Specifically, different cultural normativities were hypothesized to explain differences in adjustment across culture, parent support was hypothesized to be most associated with lower depression and higher self-esteem, and parent acceptance was expected to buffer the relation between bias-based bullying and depression for sexual minorities. These expectations were generally supported and demonstrate the clear role that parents and friends contribute to mental health for sexual minorities. Implications for future research, parents, teachers, and other stakeholders are discussed in different contexts of sexual minority adjustment.
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Doksaeter, Emma-Sophie, and Julia Nordman. "Talking green, behaving brown : A study about consumers intention-behavior gap among eco-labels." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29214.
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Title: Talking green, behaving brown - A study about consumers intention-behavior gap among eco-labels Level: Bachelor thesis in Business & Administration Authors: Emma-Sophie Doksaeter & Julia Nordman Supervisor: Jonas Kågström Date: January 2019 Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze consumers intention-behavior gap towards eco-labeled products based on Carrington’s et. al. model considering more recent studies regarding different variables such as relations, moral and knowledge. Method: A quantitative survey design was developed based on variables from Carrington et al. (2010) and variables from more recent studies. Four surveys were made divided into three different countries; Sweden, Norway and Finland. The total number of participating respondents were 540. We used cluster, factor and SEM analysis to interpret our results. Result & analysis: The result shows that it exists a gap between intention and behavior when speaking of eco-labels among consumers. Variables such as knowledge, actual behavior control have a big impact on implementation intention. Situational context and relations have low significance on implementation intention. Although, by considering all of these variables, it is possible to close the gap. To close the gap, it is also important to consider different consumer groups. Contribution of the thesis: The study shows that it exists a gap between what consumers say they are going to do, and what they actually do, and that it is possible to close the gap between intentions and behavior when talking about eco-labels. Suggestions for future research: The study shows cultural differences in intentions and behavior towards eco-labels. It would be possible to study this further. Another study could look at how organizations could increase eco-labels credibility towards consumers. Keywords: Green marketing, behavior economics, intention-behavior gap, eco-labels, environmental intention
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VACCARI, LARA COELHO. "THE GAP BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTALLY CONSCIOUS ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOR: A STUDY WITH CONSUMERS OF DIFFERENT GENERATIONS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=24559@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Apesar do aumento da consciência e do interesse do consumidor por produtos verdes e de uma pré-disposição para compra de produtos e serviços mais ecologicamente corretos, pode-se notar muitas vezes a falta de correspondência nos consumidores entre seu discurso e suas ações, isto é, uma incoerência entre atitudes e comportamento, também chamada hiato. Pode-se dizer que muitas vezes há uma pré-disposição (atitude) ecológica, porém esta não se transforma em ação (comportamento) de compra favorável ao meio ambiente. Dessa forma, apesar de vários estudos terem sido realizados sobre o comportamento do consumidor, nenhuma explicação definitiva sobre o fenômeno do hiato e nenhum modelo comportamental preciso para sua compreensão foi encontrado. O presente estudo visa contribuir com a literatura para uma compreensão mais profunda deste fenômeno, sob um novo prisma, analisando os fatores influentes no hiato sob a perspectiva de contraste de gerações. O estudo busca compreender os principais fatores influentes que contribuem para aumentar ou reduzir este hiato entre atitude e comportamento ecologicamente consciente que ocorrem nas Gerações Baby Boomers (BB) e Y, bem como suas principais diferenças e semelhanças. Para o desenvolvimento da tese foram realizadas trinta entrevistas em profundidade com consumidores residentes no Rio de Janeiro, sendo quinze pertencentes à Geração Baby Boomers e quinze pertencentes à Geração Y. Para realização da análise de conteúdo das entrevistas se utilizou o software Atlas.ti para facilitar a interpretação dos dados e organização dos resultados. Buscou-se identificar os principais fatores influentes no hiato em ambas as gerações analisando cinco atividades de consumo: produtos ecologicamente corretos, energia, água, transporte e reciclagem/descarte. Os resultados apontam as principais semelhanças e diferenças encontradas entre os comportamentos das gerações Baby Boomers e Y e demonstram uma maior preocupação e comportamento mais consciente por parte dos indivíduos da Geração Y no que tange algumas atividades de consumo. Ao final é proposto um modelo de comportamento ecologicamente consciente para melhor compreensão deste hiato e no qual são evidenciados os principais fatores que contribuem para aumentar ou reduzir o hiato em ambas as gerações.
Despite increased awareness and consumer interest in green products and a pre-disposition to purchase more environmentally friendly products and services, we can often notice the lack of correspondence between consumers speech and their actions. Therefore, there is an inconsistency between attitudes and behavior, also called gap. It can be said that there is often an environmentally friendly pre-disposition (attitude) which does not often turn into action (behavior). Thus, although several studies have been conducted on consumer behavior, not a definitive explanation of the gap phenomenon and not a precise behavioral model for its compreehension was found so far. The present study aims to contribute to the literature for a deeper understanding of this phenomenon in a new light by analyzing the influential factors on the gap from the perspective of different generations. The study seeks to understand the main influential factors that contribute to increase or reduce this gap between attitude and environmentally conscious behavior that occur in members of Baby Boomers (BB) generation and Y generation, as well as their similarities and differences. For the development of the thesis thirty in-depth interviews were conducted with consumers residing in Rio de Janeiro; fifteen belonged to the Baby Boomers generation and fifteen to the Y generation. The analysis of the results used the Atlas ti software in order to facilitate interpretation and data organization. The results show the main influential factors on the gap on both generations (BB and Y), by analyzing five consumption activities: environmentally friendly products, energy, water, transportation and recycling / disposal. The results show the main similarities and differences between the behavior of the BB and the Y generations indicate greater concern and more conscious behavior by individuals of generation Y in terms of some consumption activities. At the end, a model of ecologically conscious behavior is proposed to better understand the phenomenon called gap. The main factors that contribute to increase or reduce this gap in both generations are highlighted.
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Ahmed, Tanvir, and Waqar Ali. "Leveling Up & Closing the Gap! : Sustainable Fashion Consumers’ Journeys to New Levels of Sustainability." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-178399.
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Fashion democratization over the last few decades made fashion products available at lower costs to everyone in society. It alarmingly increased consumption, leaving drastic impacts on the world's sustainability both on the social and environmental fronts, thereby leading to water and land pollution, dangerous working conditions, sweatshops, wage exploitation, and gender discrimination. Our study, therefore, sheds some light on addressing this core problem of fashion sustainability by focusing on the problem from the consumers’ perspectives because researchers conclude that consumers hold power to mitigate this issue to a greater extent by becoming sustainable. However, in many cases, consumers show the attitude-behavior gap when it comes to consuming sustainable fashion. The area of actual sustainable fashion consumers is also under-researched. Therefore, we conducted our research in this area and used qualitative methods for it. We identified a small group of 16 sustainable transitional fashion consumers who have started their sustainable fashion consumption journey. We performed an inductive process study of these transitional consumers' journeys and developed a Conceptual ‘Consumer Journey Map’ from unsustainability towards sustainability. We used semi-structured interviews for data collection. By studying their entire process of transition, we identified a number of constraints that retained them from making the transition towards sustainable fashion consumption, such as Social Influence, Trend and Newness, Unaesthetic Appearance and Lack of Variety, Lacking Sizes and Fitting, Low price, and Lower Income, Lack of Knowledge and Information and Greenwashing by the brands. However, the enablers that pushed them to become sustainable were Influence from Sustainable social circles, Tangible Experiences, Quality and Longevity, and Feelings of guilt and remorse which are presented in ourconceptual ‘C-E Framework.' Our research also identified conceptual ‘Levels of Sustainability,’ where consumers reuse or reduceor reject to pass Level one. To reach Level two, a consumer has to begin combining any two of these behaviors. However, to reach the final Level X, a consumer needs to reuse, reduce, and reject simultaneously. A consumer passes through these different levels from being a ‘self’ consumer to be a ‘social’ one and finally converting into a ‘sacrifice’ consumer in their journey.
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Bjuggfält, Makz. "Beyond Morality : Alternative Gay Narratives in Mark Ravenhill’s Shopping and Fucking and Dennis Cooper’s The Sluts." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-326257.
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The gay male emerged as a visible public consumer during 1990s, when the LGBTQ movement in the United Kingdom and the United States was marked by conflicting commercial and political motives, heightened by the AIDS crisis. The cultural tension surrounding the gay male subject was reflected through various literary expressions. In the United Kingdom Mark Ravenhill’s Shopping and Fucking (1996), as part of the in-yer-face theatre, exploded in the face of the bourgeoisie. In the US America Dennis Cooper’s highly publicised George Miles Cycle (1989-2000), was followed by The Sluts (2004) as part of the transgressive literature, provoking both straight and gay communities. Through an analysis of themes such as capitalism, commerce, hyperreality, internalised fear, desire, and violence in the works, an alternative image of the gay male is distinguished. This is an image of the gay male subject that is complex, multi-faceted, contradictory and polyvalent. The characters relate differently to the hegemonic hyperreal role model, but are exposed to the same social structure that dictates their living conditions and positioning them as objects possible to practice violence on. The works provide a widened and complicated image the public image of the gay male. Their countercultural narratives trace how the gay male subject have been affected by the heteronormative society. When the provided stereotype is too narrow to express the burden and the joy of the contemporary gay male subject, alternatives, like the depictions by Ravenhill and Cooper, may allow the subject to fully possess the gay experiences of pain, sorrow and anger that he has been forced to bear. This research explores how the violence within the texts holds a liberating potential.
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Yockel, Sharon Lynn. "Service recovery : a case study /." Online version of thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/12325.
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Preiß, Elisabeth Margarethe [Verfasser], and Helmut Seidel [Akademischer Betreuer]. "CO Gas Sensor for Consumer Electronic Applications / Elisabeth Margarethe Preiß ; Betreuer: Helmut Seidel." Saarbrücken : universaar, Universitätsverlag des Saarlandes, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1174672498/34.
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McGill, Kristin Li. "Potential Solar Consumers' Understanding of Energy Policy Development in Hawaiâi." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7489.
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Hawaiâi has implemented renewable energy goals that assume continued investments by solar consumers who seem unaware of their role in the policy's success. Without the renewable resource generation that will come from these investments, the state will be unable to achieve its energy mandate. Using Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith's advocacy coalition framework and Ajzen's theory of planned behavior as the foundation, the purpose of this study was to better understand the perspectives of potential solar consumers on the Island of Oâahu regarding the state's renewable portfolio standards, their level of knowledge regarding consumer impact on this policy, and their perceptions of the roles of the public utilities commission and electric utility company in the implementation of projects associated with achieving the state's energy goals. Data were collected through interviews with 17 participants who represented a small portion of consumers who had begun the solar program application process but had not received approval to install panels at their residences. These data were inductively coded and subjected to a thematic analysis. Key findings indicate that consumers lack sufficient education about the state's energy goals, and that their participation in the policy process is essential for the continued growth of customer-sited solar installations. Implications for positive social change stemming from this study include recommendations for policymakers and solar program developers to engage in more inclusive educational outreach with consumers regarding the state's required renewable energy goals.
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Zheng, Zhixing, and 郑志星. "An exploratory study of the gap between client expectations and client perceived performance of the delivered information system." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/210307.
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Forsberg, Mikael, and Sara-Maria Löfvenberg. "Socially Desirable Fast Moving Consumer Goods - A Literature Review on How To Decrease the Gap Between Intention & Purchase Behavior Through Marketing." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-156171.
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Abstract Authors: Mikael Forsberg and Sara-Maria Löfvenberg Tutor: Susanne Åberg Title: Socially Desirable Fast Moving Consumer Goods – A Literature Review on How To Decrease the Gap Between Intention & Purchase Behavior Through Marketing Keywords Branding, Consumer Behavior, Consumer Value Creation, Decision-making, Differentiation, Eco, Ecological, Environmentally Conscious Behavior, Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG), Green Consumer, Green Marketing, In-store marketing, Marketing, Organic, Purchase decision, Socially Desirable, Value Creation. Background and Problem Consumers today are more environmentally conscious than ever. However, it has been found that there is a gap between the consumer’s intention and actual purchase when it comes to products that there is a social pressure to buy for environmental reasons. The potential for the socially desirable segment is estimated to have potential, but growth seems to be slow. It has been stated that until now, there is not enough research done that take a holistic perspective including several fields of marketing. There is a need to review and combine existing literature in various fields of marketing to investigate how the gap can be decreased and sales increased. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to review and combine existing literature in the fields of consumer value creation, decision-making and in-store marketing. By doing so the authors of this thesis aim to present a theoretical model on how producers of socially desirable FMCG can decrease the gap between the consumers’ intention and actual purchase through marketing. Decreasing the gap refers to more fully exploit the potential size of the segment and generate more sales. Method A completely theoretical method was chosen for this thesis. To the authors’ knowledge there has not been done enough specific research to match the purpose of this thesis. A literature review has therefore been conducted within three separate fields of marketing to get a broader understanding of how the gap between intention and actual purchase can be decreased. Based on the extensive literature review, the authors developed ten propositions that formed a model that can be used as the backbone for future theoretical and empirical research. Final Discussion Some highlights of the theoretical discussions earlier in this thesis are presented in the final discussion. The authors suggest that purchase decisions of socially desirable FMCG initially are high-involvement decisions that often are formed outside the in-store-setting. This suggests that more long-term marketing efforts such as brand building in some cases can be more important than in-store marketing when it comes to FMCG that are socially desirable. Symbolic values should be highlighted in branding of socially desirable FMCG because the instrumental differences between FMCG and socially desirable FMCG is limited. It is therefore likely that it is more efficient to focus on consumers’ self-identity to convince them to purchase socially desirable FMCG. It is also important that producers of socially desirable FMCG provide consumers with clear product information in-store and that the products are easy to find. Based on the extensive literature review, the authors have developed eight propositions that form the model presented in this chapter.
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Ferreira, Aline Tassar de Moraes. "Are consumers willing to buy ethical goods?: evidences of an attitude-behavior gap in the fashion market." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/24822.
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Objetivo: Este estudo pretende aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o comportamento do consumidor em torno de práticas éticas. Um crescente grupo de pesquisadores vem analisando como as preocupações éticas dos consumidores em relação às práticas comerciais vem se traduzindo em comportamento real no momento da decisão de compra. Apesar desse crescente interesse, o consenso está longe de ser definido. Enquanto uma linha de pesquisa afirma que os consumidores estão mais dispostos a comprar produtos inseridos em um ambiente ético, outra vertente afirma que o discurso e ações dos consumidores não necessariamente se mostram coerentes. Embora os consumidores relatem ter preocupações éticas e valorizem marcas cujas práticas seguem padrões éticos, eles não estão dispostos a comprar mais produtos ou serviços dessas mesmas marcas. Metodologia: Realizamos um estudo experimental manipulando três diferentes apelos de marketing relacionados à ética (doação, comércio justo, controle) para testar esses achados conflitantes. Resultado: Neste estudo, os consumidores estavam mais dispostos a comprar produtos associados a doações, mas essa diferença desapareceu quando introduzimos uma variável dependente mais realista (ou seja, a vontade de receber informações adicionais via e-mail). Além disso, os recursos de comércio justo não influenciaram nem as intenções de compra dos consumidores nem sua disposição em receber informações adicionais. Implicações práticas também são discutidas.Limitações: Uma das principais limitações desse estudo se deve ao fato de não envolver um cenário totalmente realista e assim não captar as reais intenções de compra. Uma avaliação mais realista das intenções de compra evitaria armadilhas potenciais de desejabilidade social, criando uma avaliação mais precisa da variável dependente principal. Contribuições Sociais e Práticas: Ao se aprofundar no entendimento do comportamento ético do consumidor, as empresas podem evoluir em suas ofertas que entreguem benefícios para o consumidor, para o negócio e o bem estar coletivo. Originalidade: Poucos estudos relacionados ao Comportamento Ético do consumidor foram feitos usando o método do experimento e também com algumas especificidades do mercado da moda.
Purpose: This study intends to deepen the knowledge about consumer behavior around ethical practices. An increasing body of research has analyzed whether and how consumers’ ethical concerns regarding business practices translates into actual behavior. Despite this burgeoning interest, consensus is far from granted. Whereas one strand of research claims that consumers are more willing to buy products embedded in an ethical environment, another strand asserts that consumers’ words and deeds do not match. Precisely, although consumers report having high ethical concerns and valuing brands whose practices follow ethical standards; they are not willing to purchase more products or services from these same brands. Design/Methodology: We conducted one experimental study manipulating three different ethics-related marketing appeals (donation, fair trade, control) to test these conflicting findings. Findings: In this study, consumers were more willing to purchase products associated with donations, but this difference vanished when we introduced a more realistic dependent variable (i.e., willingness to receive additional information via e-mail). Furthermore, fair trade appeals did not influence neither consumers’ purchase intentions nor their willingness to receive additional information. Practical implications are also discussed. Research limitations: The main limitation of this study is related to does not involve a totally realistic scenario and thus does not capture the real intentions of buying. A more realistic assessment of purchase intentions would avoid potential pitfalls of social desirability, creating a more accurate evaluation of the principal dependent variable. Practical and Social implications: By deepening the understanding of consumer ethical behavior, companies can evolve their offers delivering benefits to the consumer, to the business and to the collective well-being. Originality: Few studies related to Consumer Ethical Behavior were done using the experiment method and using also some specificities of the fashion Market.
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Schäfer, Louisa. "Sustainable Communication: Fashion Consumers' Reception and Interaction : The Case of Nudie Jeans." Thesis, Jönköping University, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49911.
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The fast fashion industry has a large negative impact on the environment and its workers. Consumers purchasing fast fashion are reinforcing the dominant social paradigm, the assumption that humans are superior and the Earth’s resources unlimited. Even though customers are reconsidering their fashion consumer behavior, they often fall back to making unsustainable choices. Research has shown that communication strengthens ethical consumption and supports reducing the attitude-behavior gap. This study proposes that sustainable communication encourages fashion customers to reason with themselves in a way their behavior evolves to be more sustainable. The aim is to investigate customers’ reception and interaction with sustainable communication using the example of the ethical fashion brand Nudie Jeans. Based on the theories of the attitude-behavior gap and sustainable communication, semi-structured in-depth interviews with Nudie Jeans customers were conducted. The analysis of the interview responses demonstrates the initial presence of an attitude-behavior gap and low awareness of sustainable communication among customers. The research indicates that after customers have developed an awareness of sustainable concerns in the fashion industry, a fashion brand can succeed in encouraging customers to adjust predominant consumption patterns towards more ethical ones. On this basis, it is recommended that ethical fashion brands continuously use transparent sustainable communication to educate consumers about the environmental and social maladministration in the fashion industry.
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Hofmann, Anna Theresa. "Design for change : Generation Y consumers' perception of sustainability in the fast fashion industry." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-19629.
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Research Questions: “What knowledge do Generation Y consumers’ have about sustainability in the fast fashion industry?” and “How do the factors of the attitude-behavior gap influence the Generation Y consumers in their decision making for fast fashion clothes?” Problem Formulation: Sustainability as a topic has regained great attention over the last couple of years. Generation Y consumers’ demand for more sustainable actions, especially in fast fashion, puts increasing pressure on the industry. As the biggest consumer cohort, it is important for fast fashion companies to meet their needs and demands for more sustainable actions to stay competitive. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explore the perception of sustainability of Generation Y consumers’ in the fast fashion industry by looking at eight factors that influence the attitude-behavior gap, namely Price Sensitivity, Ethical Obligation, Lack of Information, Subjective Norm, Quality, Inertia, Cynicism and Guilt. Additionally, the previous knowledge about sustainability in the fast fashion industry of this generation will be investigated by using the triple-bottom line approach of economic, environmental and social aspects. Methodology: This thesis utilized a qualitative methodology by conducting semi-structured interviews. The research consists of 6 participants from the Generation Y. The interviews were performed personally face-to-face. Findings/Conclusions: The findings indicate that the factors of the attitude-behavior gap still influence Generation Y consumers’ in their purchase decisions for fast fashion brands. They are more hesitant to invest in acquiring clothes from fast fashion retailers, as they see them as violating to the society and the environment. Therefore, Generation Y consumers would rather purchase sustainable clothes from sustainable companies that are behaving and producing their clothes in a right, sustainable and ethical way. Hence, their attitude indicates to be similar to their potential purchasing behavior. Furthermore, Generation Y consumers’ hold a broad, detailed knowledge about sustainability of all three parts of the triple bottom line.
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Olsson, Karin. "Brand gap and the effect of country-of-origin : A consumer survey in Rhone-Alps." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-15465.
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Research questions: What are the brand images and brand identities of Renault Trucks, Novembal/Tetra Pak and IKEA? Is there a brand gap? How does country-of-origin have an effect on the perception of the brands? How does the respondent’s sex have an importance in the perception of the brand and the effect of country-of-origin? Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to describe, compare and analyze the existence of brand gaps and the effect of country-of-origin with the final intention to provide management recommendations for the studied companies. Method: A quantitative consumer survey of 42 subjects was collected and analyzed. In addition, interviews were conducted with three Swedish companies, as well as an interview with the Swedish Chamber of Commerce in Lyon. Aaker’s (1997) Big Five model was used in the analysis. Conclusions: The study demonstrated the brand identities and brand images of the companies. A brand gap is widely present. Aaker’s (1997) model had to be modified and includes new dimensions and traits. Country-of-origin (COO) plays a role in 100% of the consumers’ perception and purchasing process. COO bias, ethnocentrism and animosity are present and play a role in the 42 consumers’ attitudes and purchase decisions in Rhone-Alps. Men and women have different attitudes and degree of ethnocentrism towards the effect of country-of-origin (COE).
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Southard, Magdaline. "Fracking Teco: Analyzing the Communication Strategies in Teco Peoples Gas Advertisements." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4776.
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Abstract
TECO advertisements promote the use of natural gas as an energy source because it claims that natural gas is an environmentally responsible alternative to other sources of energy. However, these advertisements do not reveal the not-so-green process, namely hydraulic-fracturing, or fracking, by which natural gas is produced and the consequences that it can and does have on public health and the environment. Even though the conversation about fracking has been on the rise in recent years as certain companies and politicians have pushed for an increase in natural gas production, scholars have yet to examine the communicative strategies used by energy companies, such as TECO, to disregard the environmental dangers associated with fracking and present natural gas extraction as both environmentally friendly and safe for consumers. Although there are numerous ways of analyzing the relationship between communication and greenwashing, I chose to examine the rhetorical choices, both written and spoken, and image choices embedded in TECO's greenwashing advertisements for natural gas. The use of communicative strategies in TECO's advertisements aim to create a dominant discourse of green consumerism, which works to shape society's understanding of what it means to be a consumer who strives to be environmentally responsible. My analysis was informed by Stuart Hall's theory of Encoding and Decoding (1973) and his theory of representation (1997). I argue that TECO presents the dominant code of the green consumer and my analysis offers an oppositional reading. The use of grounded theory provided me with a viable method to analyze TECO's advertisements because I was able gather and analyze data from ten commercial advertisements, examine each individually for themes, and then discuss the ways in which TECO uses specific language, both written and spoken, and visual images, in its advertisements, in order to construct the meaning of natural gas and the identity of the natural gas consumer.
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Williams, Sherry Lee. "Closing the Financial Inclusion Gap by Understanding What Factors Drive Consumer Selection of Financial Service Providers." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/588911.
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Business Administration/Strategic ManagementD.B.A.
This research seeks to determine what factors and combinations of banking features drive the choice of a financial service provider. Two studies have been devised to explore the research question. The initial study, uses factor analysis and logistic regression to examine the importance of perceived cost, convenience, and relational trust in the choice of a financial services provider. An additional study uses choice-based conjoint analysis to conduct an exploratory study to identify combinations of banking features that potential customers perceive as most attractive. The study simulates real-world buying situations that ask research participants to trade one financial services attribute for another. Results from the first study suggest that a consumer’s choice of banks, prepaid cards, online lending, and the US Postal Service for financial services is associated with a preference for convenience while relational trust and perceived cost drives the choice of “street” AFS providers. In the second study, results from the choice-based conjoint analysis suggest that fees are significantly more important than convenience and level of customer contact across all categorical variables (age, gender, race/ethnicity, employment, income, and education). Additionally, in-person customer service contact is considered more important than convenience. Understanding these factors, optimal combinations and proportions, and trade-offs through the eyes of the consumer, may be of value to both policy makers and industry officials alike when grappling with options to strengthen financial inclusion.
Temple University--Theses
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Guldal, Ecem <1994>. "CONSUMER SKEPTICISM: ATTITUDE – BEHAVIOR GAP IN GREEN MARKETING AND THE ROLE OF ECOPRENEURS IN THE MARKET." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15493.
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Environmental damages are the result of unconscious behaviors of mankind. Since they have started to recognize their detrimental effect on the planet, a new era has started. “Green” idea was proposed in the early 1960s and 1970s. It was called a kind of “awakening” for consumers. This idea is integrated into many sectors such as marketing and entrepreneurship.
Green marketing refers to a holistic marketing concept which involves the production, promotion, consumption of goods and services, distribution and other transactions with less harm to the environment.
Ecopreneurship is also known as environmental entrepreneurship and refers to create the supply of natural resources, solve environmental problems and promote sustainable development within the activities of entrepreneurship.
Consumers also have a significant effect on the market; a green market principally can be shaped by consumers’ needs, wants and awareness. Therefore, consumers have an active role in the market but consumers’ attitudes and behaviors do not match mostly. There are some factors that affect their purchasing behaviors such as price, promotions, loyalty, advertisements and so on.
The market needs some proactive players in order to keep the activities alive and they are ecopreneurs. Their motivations for doing business are not only based on making a profit, their environmental sensitivity effects the flow of greening act inside the market advantageously.
In this study, consumers’ attitudes and behaviors gap and the reasons for this gap will be examined and the beneficial roles of ecopreneurs will be defined in the scope of green marketing.
Keywords: Green Marketing, Ecopreneurship, Consumers’ Attitude-Behavior Gap, Environmental Protection.
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Brockwell, Erik. "State and industrial actions to influence consumer behavior." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-93334.
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This thesis consists of an introductory part and three papers. Paper [I] examines how taxes affect consumption of commodities that are detrimental to health and the environment. Specifically, this paper examines if a tax increase leads to a significantly larger change in consumption than a producer price change, which is referred to as the signaling effect from taxation. The analysis uses aggregated cross-sectional time series data and information on major legislation introductions in Sweden, Denmark and the United Kingdom from 1970 to 2009. We find the main result to be that the signaling effect is significant for “Electricity” in Sweden and Denmark and significant for “Electricity” and “Petrol” in the United Kingdom. Paper [II] examines how sin taxation changes long-term consumer behavior regarding commodities which are deemed harmful for both health and the environment. These include tobacco, alcoholic beverages, sugar and confectionary, household energy, and motor fuel. Specifically, we examine the signaling effect from taxation which is seen if a tax increase leads to a significantly larger change in consumption than a producer price change. The empirical analysis is conducted by a US panel data study, during the period 1988-2012 for the four US census regions, using the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS). We find the main result to be that the signaling effect from taxation is significant for tobacco as well as for electricity and motor fuel. Paper [III] examines state and industry responses on consumption of cigarettes and petroleum in the United States from 1998-2012. Upon facing consumption choices, the consumer faces two competing sets of messages, one from the government and another from the industry. The objective of the state is to steer consumption in the right direction due to the harmful effects from consumption and asymmetric information among consumers. This is done mainly via taxation and state media expenditures. The industry, on the other hand, seeks to incentivize the public to ignore or reject state research and signals as well as maximizing net economic returns. This is mainly done via industry media and lobbying expenditures. We find that the main results indicate, for cigarettes, industrial media and lobbying expenditure is statistically significant on consumption. For petroleum, we find that producer prices, state media expenditure, and industrial lobbying expenditure are statistically significant on consumption.
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Bluhme, Hugo, and Jenny Lidman. "Please Mind The Gap : A study of the relation between green marketing outreach and consumer decision-making." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447501.
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Sustainability, and especially sustainable consumption, has become more important throughout the years in line with the challenges of climate change. A large majority of Swedish consumers have a positive attitude towards sustainable consumption. However, their actions do not speak louder than words. Many have the intention of buying sustainable products, but fewer actually buy sustainable products causing an attitude behaviour gap. This study aims to investigate the relation between green marketing and consumer decision making. Diving deeper into the grocery sector as well as the clothing sector the study examines the differences regarding the matter of green marketing and consumer decision-making. With a theoretical starting point in the Theory of Planned Behaviour as well as green marketing, this quantitative study shows that green marketing has an effect on a consumer’s perceived behavioural control which in turn has an effect on the intention. However, the study also states that there is a gap between the intention of buying sustainable products, influenced by attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control, and the actual behaviour to buy sustainably. The study finds a moderately strong correlation between perceived behavioural control and green marketing. Further on, the study also notices a difference between the two sectors, where consumers are reached as well as affected by green marketing to a higher extent within the grocery sector than in the clothing sector.
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Düffelmeyer, Friederike. "Nobody Likes It, Everybody Buys It ?! : The Attitude-Behavior Gap in Fast Fashion." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-16785.
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Negative voices about fast fashion have become much louder in the last couple of years. Stories about sourcing, production and disposal of products became headliners in respectable newspapers and material for shocking documentaries. However, the fast fashion retailers are still expanding their territories and even new chains emerge. Observing the ongoing dialogue between the dissenting votes against fast fashion, its producers and consumers lead to the assumption that there might be a gap between young consumers’ attitude towards fast fashion and their corresponding behavior. Such a gap has been examined in many research areas before concerning for example the consumption of more ethical products, the attitude towards corporate social responsibility or health related matters. To investigate the assumed gap in fast fashion consumption further a deductive approach has been used and focus groups have been conducted which offered great insight into the opinions and beliefs of the fast fashion main target group. Multiple hypotheses have been drawn from these findings and an online questionnaire was implemented to back up those results.In order to assemble the questionnaire and analyze the results several theories regarding the forming of attitude and behavior haven been used and explained in further detail, including the Hierarchy of Effects, The Consistency Theory, The Techniques of Neutralization, The Theory of Reasoned Action and the Theory of Planned Behavior. Conclusively it can be said that young consumers do have to a certain degree a negative attitude towards fast fashion but still name it as their first shopping choice. Even though not all hypotheses which have been drawn could be fully confirmed, a gap is definitely visible between consumers’ attitude and their behavior and the reasons for it are of high interest. However precise reasons or which factors exactly interfere when the purchase decision is made discarding the concerns cannot be pointed out and only trends could be depicted. The factors forming attitude and behavior are numerous and underlay various concepts which have to receive further attention in order to solve all issues of the attitude-behavior gap in fast fashion.Program: Master in Fashion Management with specialisation in Fashion Marketing and Retailing
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Elin, Pedersén, and Persson Amanda. "Do the Swedish Female Consumers Walk Their Talk? : A qualitative study exploring the Intention-Behavior gapin sustainable secondhand fashion consumption." Thesis, Jönköping University, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48818.
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Background: In the last decade, the world has been facing global challenges of climate change as the climate has worsened significantly. Excessive consumption has been identified as one of the biggest contributors to the climate change where people purchase more products than what meets the basic needs. The excessive consumption of products has been prominent in the fashion industry, where female consumers generally purchase more clothes than men. Today, the fashion industry is dominated by fast fashion, where consumers purchase more clothes with a shorter life span. Thus, the fashion waste increases, leaving serious environmental effects. Sweden is said to be one of the greenest countries in the world but is still one of the countries with the highest levels of consumption globally. The private consumption is high in Sweden and one of the biggest consumer markets that have a negative effect on the environment is the fashion industry. As a result, sustainable fashion consumption is becoming more important. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the sustainable behavior of Swedish female consumers and later understand how different factors is affecting the IB gap in sustainable (secondhand) fashion consumption. Method: To be able to achieve the purpose of this exploratory study, a qualitative research strategy was applied. The empirical data was collected through in-depth interviews held with Swedish female consumers with intentions to purchase secondhand fashion, which later was interpreted and analyzed through an abductive approach, incorporating a thematic analysis. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the behavior of intenders can be characterized by sustainable intentions that do not translate into behavior. Further, the behavior can be characterized by a weak social support system (barrier), poor availability (barrier), low task- and maintenance self-efficacy, high recovery self-efficacy, and no planning. In addition, the results of this study showed that the behavior of actors can be characterized by sustainable intentions and sustainable behavior. Further, the behavior can be characterized by a strong social support system, good availability, high task- and recovery self-efficacy, medium to high maintenance self-efficacy, and planning. The comparison between intenders and actors showed that the perceived barriers for intenders was contributing factors to the IB gap together with their low task- and maintenance self-efficacy through their most likely negative effect on intenders planning. Intenders lack of planning was shown to serve as a negative mediator between intention and behavior, which thereby contributes to the IB gap. While the recovery self-efficacy was high for both intenders and actors, actors has recovery self-efficacy for the desired behavior of purchasing secondhand on a regular basis, while intenders does not.
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Hedenör, Amadeus, and Victor Rotting. "SLOW FASHION : Ett genomtänkt och planerat köp som kräver större uppoffring?" Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-21936.
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I kontrast till fast fashion, som tampas med snabbt mode och massproduktion med korta ledtider har slow fashion-rörelsen kommit och anammats av flera aktörer på modescenen. Med hjälp av slow fashion vill man således inspirera till en hållbar och tidlös garderob som är genomtänkt och står stark mot modevärldens snabba svängar och därpå, bidra till att konsumtionen inte ökar i kvantitet utan i kvalitet. Problemet i hållbar konsumtion är att konsumenter ofta väljer att inte handla utifrån ett hållbart perspektiv trots att deras intention säger det. Forskning visar att det uppstår ett gap mellan vad konsumenter tänker göra och vad de faktiskt gör, ett attityds-beteende-gap. Studiens syfte är att fastställa egenskaper och undersöka kundbeteenden i samband med att handla slow fashion. Samtida forskning har presenterat gapet och dess existens, i vår studie vill vi bygga vidare på tidigare forskning och ta in teorin till slow fashion och kundbeteendet bakom ett sådant köp. Vad får en konsument att välja slow fashion produkter och vad profilerar en slow fashion konsument? För att förstå och tolka det empiriska materialet utformades en teoretisk referensram kring tre olika teorier, Attityd-beteende-gapet, Consumer culture theory och teorin kring behovsidentifikation. Studiens resultat visar att faktorer såsom identifikation, pris, tidlöshet och hög produktkvalitet påverkar konsumenten till att handla slow fashion-produkter. Vidare presenteras hur dessa faktorer prioriteras och planeras i köpprocessen. Planeringen är genomgående hos studiens alla respondenter och insikten diskuteras djupare. Slow fashion konsumeras således med ett stort engagemang och en hög pris-acceptans.In contrast to fast fashion, which is tussled with mass production and with short lead times, the slow fashion movement has arrived and been adopted by several actors on the fashion scene. Slow fashion wants to inspire with a sustainable and timeless wardrobe that is well thought out and stands strong against the fashion world's quick turns and then, contribute so the consumption is not increasing in quantity but in quality. The problem in sustainable consumption is that consumers often choose not to act on the basis of a sustainable perspective even though their intention says it. Research show that there is a gap between what consumers intend to do and what they actually do, so called attitude-behavior gap. The aim of this study is to determine characteristics and examine customer behavior in connection with shopping slow fashion. Contemporary research has provided support for the gap and its existence, in our study we want to develop that result into further analysis. We want to investigate the theory about the attitude-behavior gap in contrast to slow fashion and its customer behavior and the reasons behind a purchase.Why does a consumer choose to buy slow fashion products and what is the profile of a slow fashion consumer? To understand and interpret the empirical material from this study, a theoretical framework was designed around three different theories, the Attitude-behavior gap, the Consumer culture theory and the theory of needs identification.The result of this study shows that reasons such as identification, price, timelessness and high product quality affect the consumer to buy slow fashion products. Further, it shows how these reasons will get prioritized and planned in a consumer journey within the buying process. The planning itself is through all stages by every respondent and the insights will be discussed further. Slow fashion are therefore consumed with engagement and a strong price acceptance. The study will continue in Swedish
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Hammarlund, Ludvig, and Andreas Edhag. "Consumption of organic fruits among consumers in Sweden : Theroy of planned behavior and the role of the determinants of intention." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157074.
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The increased global consumption has a severe effect on the environment. In order to reduce the environmental impact, there is a need for more environmentally friendly consumption choices. Several studies have confirmed that consumers have a positive attitude towards environmentally friendly products, but that the attitude is, in most cases, not put in to practice. To increase the degree of explanation behind the gap between Swedish consumers intention and behavior regarding the consumption of organic fruits, this study used Ajzen’s (1985) theory of planned behavior. The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to examine if attitude, social norms and experinced behavior control can explain the consumption behavior regarding organic fruits in Sweden. An online-survey with several Likert items was conducted in order to gather data. The respondents were asked about their age, income, education, attitudes, social norms and their experienced behavior control. A correlation test and a multiple regression analysis was conducted in order to see how the determinants of intention correlated with the behavior and how well they could influence the behavior. The results showed that attitude was the determinant that had the strongest correlation (0.522) and contributed the most to the behavior of buying organic fruits. Subjective norm (0.294) and perceived behavior control (0.245) had not as strong correlation as attitude and subjective norm could only influence the behavior to a minimal level. However, it was found that perceived behavior control could influence the behavior. The total rate of explanation for all determinants of intention on the behavior was R2 = 0.568 (56.8%). The conclusions that were made from this study were, firstly, that attitude can influence most of the behavior regarding consumption of organic fruits among Swedish consumers. Secondly, subjective norm can to a minimal degree influence the behavior regarding consumption of organic fruits among Swedish consumers. Thirdly, perceived behavior control can to a minimal degree influence behavior regarding consumption of organic fruits among Swedish consumers. Furthermore, there is a need for more studies who includes behavioral data and more added variables to the TpB model in order to deepen the knowledge about environmentally friendly consumption behaviors.
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Tilley, Elizabeth Heidi. "Bridging the Gap: Fertility Timing in the United States, Theoretical Vantage Points, Effective Public Policy, and Prevention Design." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/265612.
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The United States has one of the highest teen pregnancy rates among developed countries and ranks third overall in rates of teen pregnancy out of thirty countries in the Organization for Economic Cooperative Development, OECD (UNICEF, 2007). However, as a country we are spending an enormous amount of money on teen pregnancy prevention programs. For example, the Office of Adolescent Health has implemented grant funding opportunities for teen pregnancy prevention programs and provides approximately $105 million to states to design these programs. These programs include personal responsibility education and abstinence only education (http://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/oah-initiatives/tpp). If we are spending this much on these programs, why do we still have one of the highest teen pregnancy rates among developed countries? Based on what we have learned from current prevention efforts, the goal of this dissertation is two-fold, to introduce alternative theoretical approaches for prevention design and test determinants and protective factors of sexual risk-taking in adolescence. To obtain these goals, this dissertation was written using the three paper option that contains a theoretical paper and two empirical papers that test hypotheses of determinants of sexual risk-taking in adolescence and possible factors that protect youth from engaging in sexual risk-taking, such as school-wide communication and sexual education. The theoretical paper introduces alternative theoretical approaches to not only target individual behavior that may be risky, but also target the contextual constraints in which teens are operating. The empirical papers analyze possible determinants and protective factors for sexual risk-taking in youth.
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Bertilsson, Linda, and Emma Ring. "Etiska konsumenter : Gapet mellan intentioner och handlingar." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för handel och företagande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-14076.
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Forskning bekräftar att ett gap mellan intention och handling finns. Denna studie belyser etiska konsumenter samt gapet mellan att vilja handla etiskt och hållbart men att inte alltid göra det. Fokus har legat på att ta reda på varför detta gap uppstår och att skapa en förståelse för de faktorer som påverkar konsumenters köpbeteenden. En avgränsning till klädbranschen har gjorts då det finns begränsat med forskning kring gapet inom detta område samt ett till synes begränsat utbud av etiska och hållbara kläder. Genom en kvalitativ metod har 37 semistrukturerade intervjuer gjorts. Intervjuerna har ägt rum i två olika köpcentrum i Sverige. Resultatet visar att det finns respondenter som känner igen sig i det så kallade gapet och de främsta faktorerna respondenterna menar påverkar deras handlingar är pris, hållbara kläder ansågs dyra, informationsbrist, svårt att veta vad som är hållbart och inte samt bekvämlighet, orken att söka information på egen hand är begränsad. Det framkom även att en bristande tillit till det media och företag kommunicerar finns från konsumenternas sida och att detta kan vara en bidragande faktor till att gapet uppstår. Respondenter uttryckte att det aldrig finns några garantier för att de produkter som sägs vara tillverkade under bra förhållanden faktiskt är det. En slutsats om att det inom klädbranschen finns mycket för företag att arbeta med för att öka sin trovärdighet gentemot konsumenterna har kunnat dras. Det ligger dock även ett ansvar hos konsumenter att våga göra sin röst hörd samt att vara öppna för förändring. Det är en ömsesidig relation mellan företag, individer och samhälleConsumers’ intentions don’t always result in actions. This study focuses on ethical consumers in order to investigate why a gap between intention and action occur. Based on this an improved understanding for the underlying factors that impact buying behaviour is created. A delimitation has been made to focus this study on retail apparel and ethical and sustainable clothes. Some factors have been seen to be of bigger importance to the gap than others, such as price, lack of information and convenience. The results also imply that there is a missing trust from the consumers’ point of view when it comes to trusting what is communicated about ethical and sustainable work within the clothing industry.
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Basson, Shantelle. "Consumer acceptance of a selection of South African red wines : intrinsic, extrinsic and socio-demographic influences." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20380.
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Thesis (MSc Food Sc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this study an industry-selected and diverse range of South African red wines were analysed for sensory and chemical attributes, as well as degree of liking using a target group of black South African consumers. Segments of consumers that differed in degree of liking were then tested for their response to intrinsic (sensory) and extrinsic (non-sensory) cues. The selection of wines included eighteen dry and natural sweet red wines, representing low-end inexpensive wines together with high-end, top quality wines. Sensory profiles for all samples were established using Quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA). The results revealed that cultivar specific dry red wines associated with a wide range of sensory descriptors such as woody, vegetative and fruity, while the sweet red wines associated with the fruity and sweet-associated attributes. Chemically there was a significant variation between wines regarding the alcohol and sugar content. Gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC-FID) indicated the major volatile constituents present in the wine, i.e. esters, alcohols and fatty acids. When investigating the association between the chemical and sensory data, it was revealed that the red blends were driven by the presence of alcohols and esters, and sensory descriptors such as high roast oak, coffee and mixed spice, whereas the red cultivar wines were mostly driven by fatty acids and esters and the sensory descriptors, green bean and asparagus. The sweet red blends were closely associated with acids and the sensory descriptors sweet-associated and floral. Degree of liking of a subset of 18 wines was investigated based on the preferences of black consumers from the Western Cape area, South Africa. These consumers predominantly preferred the sweet red wines with high sugar content, in a blind tasting session. Purchase intent was also evaluated by viewing actual photographs of packaging formats of the respective wines and the results indicated that the consumers preferred the well-known cultivar wines with a perception of value and style. Cluster analysis was furthermore performed to ascertain whether these consumers differed in their degree of liking of the intrinsic character of the respective wines. Four different clusters of consumers were identified: 1) Consumers preferring both dry and sweet red wines equally, 2) Consumers who strongly favoured sweet red wines and moderately liked dry red wines, 3) Consumers who strongly favoured sweet red wines with little preference for dry red wines; and 4) Consumers preferring dry red wines. Consumers were also probed on their general opinions or perceptions on the extrinsic character of the wines, and thus factors that influence the purchasing process. It was found that black consumers who don‟t consume wine often, preferred wines that they are familiar with, while consumers that drink wine more frequently enjoy to broaden their horizons by experimenting with more expensive wine brands. Extrinsic or non-sensory cues such as alcohol content, label, vintage, price and cultivar were found to be the most important considered factors when purchasing red wines, while awards and type of closure were regarded as the least important. It was also found that the discerning consumers, who purchase high-end wines, took more of the latter aspects into consideration, whereas consumers who purchase low-end wines considered a limited number of the non-sensory cues.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie is 'n diverse reeks industrie-geselekteerde, Suid-Afrikaanse rooiwyne geanaliseer vir hul sensoriese en chemiese eienskappe. Verbruikersvoorkeur van die wyne is getoets, asook tot watter mate verbruikersvoorkeure beïnvloed word deur intrinsieke (sensoriese) en ekstrinsieke (nie-sensoriese) faktore. Die reeks van agtien wyne het bestaan uit droë en soet rooi wyne, wat op hul beurt verder verdeel kan word in goedkoper, kwaliteit wyne en duurder, ultra-premium wyne. Die sensoriese profiel van al die wyne is bepaal deur beskrywende sensoriese analise. Resultate het getoon dat die kultivar-spesifieke droë rooiwyne geassosieer word met 'n wye reeks sensoriese eienskappe soos houtagtig, kruidagtig en vrugtig, terwyl die soet rooiwyne beskryf is as vrugtige en soet-geassosieerd. In terme van die chemiese analises was daar betekenisvolle verskille betreffende die alkohol- en suikerinhoud van die wyne. Gas chromatografie gekoppel met vlam-ioniserende deteksie (GC-FID) het die mees vlugtige verbindings teenwoordig in die wyn aangedui, naamlik esters, alkohole en vetsure. Met die korrelasie van die chemiese en sensoriese data is gevind dat die droë versnitwyne gedryf word deur die teenwoordigheid van alkohole en esters, asook sensoriese eienskappe soos gehout, koffie, en gemengde spesery, terwyl die kultivar-spesieke wyne weer meestal gedryf word deur vetsure en esters en sensoriese eienskappe soos groenboontjie en aspersie. Die soet rooiwyne het chemies geassosieer met sure en sensoriese terme soos soet-geassosieerd en blomagtig. Die aanvaarbaarheid van 'n kleiner groepering wyne is bepaal deur gebruik te maak van swart verbruikers in die Wes-Kaap area, Suid-Afrika. Die verbruikers het in 'n blinde proesessie onderskeie wyne se wynverpakking besigtig en aangedui of hulle die wyne sou koop. Hierdie resultate het getoon dat die verbruikers bekende kultivarwyne verkies wat 'n persepsie van waarde en styl geïllustreer het. Segmentasie tegnieke is op die data uitgevoer ten einde te bepaal of verbruikers in groepe verdeel kan word, wat betref hul voorkeur van die sensoriese of intrinsieke eienskappe van die wyne. Vier verskillende groepe is geïdentifiseer, nl. verbruikers wat 1) droë en soet rooiwyne ewe veel verkies; 2) soet rooiwyne en tot 'n mate ook droë rooiwyne verkies; 3) soet rooiwyne en tot 'n mindere mate droë rooiwyne verkies; en laastens 4) slegs droë rooiwyne verkies. Verbruikers se algemene opinies en persepsies betreffende die ekstrinsieke eienskappe van die wyne is ook ondersoek, met ander woorde faktore wat die aankoop van wyne beïnvloed. Daar is gevind dat swart verbruikers wat nie gereeld wyn drink, bekende handelsmerke verkies, terwyl verbruikers wat gereeld wyn drink, daarvan hou om hul horisonne te verbreed en te eksperimenteer met 'n verskeidenheid handelsmerke. Ekstrinsieke of nie-sensoriese aspekte soos, alkohol-inhoud, etiket, oesjaar, prys en kultivar is die belangrikste faktore wat in ag geneem word wanneer rooiwyne gekoop word, terwyl wyntoekennings en die feit dat die wyn met kurke gebotteleer word, nie as belangrik beskou word nie. Daar is ook gevind dat die meer ingeligte verbruiker, wat hoë kwaliteit wyne koop, meer van die bogenoemde aspekte in ag neem tydens die aankoopproses, terwyl die verbruiker wat meer geneig is om goedkoper wyne te koop, slegs 'n paar ekstrinsieke faktore in ag neem.
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Kransell, Martin. "The Value of Data Regarding Traceable Attributes in a New Era of Agriculture : Bridging the Information Gap Between Consumers and Producers of Organic Meat." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-35089.
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Purpose – This study aims to explore, and suggest solutions to, the gap between the supply of information from organic meat producers and the demand of information from consumers regarding traceable characteristics (attributes) of meat in a limited geographical area in order to maximize the utilization and value of collected data. Design/methodology/approach – A mixed methods research design is applied to collect both quantitative data from consumers and qualitative data from suppliers to produce empirical results of the supply and demand of information. A theoretical framework of organic food purchase intent is used for the quantitative study as well as the correlation between consumers’ perceived importance of attributes and their willingness-to-pay for meat. The results of the empirical studies are compared to each other in an effort to expose a possible gap using a gap analysis. Findings – Meat is shifting from a price based commodity to a product based on characteristics. This study reveals that there is now a gap between the information made available by organic meat producers and the demand of information from consumers that needs to be recognized in order to maximize the value of collected data. Information regarding environmental impact of raising and transporting the animals is not extensively collected. A substantial amount of data about attributes of perceived importance, such as safety and handling, animal welfare and medication or other treatments is collected but not extensively shared with consumers. Research limitations/implications – The small sample size in a unique area and the scope of the survey data does not provide a result that can be truly generalized. It is therefore suggested that future studies produce results from a larger sample that incorporates the perceived accessibility of important information for consumers. Practical implications – This contributes to the emerging literature of organic food production by comparing both the supply and the demand of information regarding attributes of meat. This information is valuable to organic meat producers and marketers as well as developers of agricultural systems and databases that should shift their focus to consumer oriented traceability systems. Originality/value – This study goes beyond the substantial body of literature regarding attributes of organic food and consumers preferences by comparing these factors to the available supply of information by meat producers and by suggesting solutions to bridge the gap between them. Keywords – Organic meat, Organic agriculture, e-Agriculture, Traceability, Traceability systems, Consumer oriented, Consumer behavior, Willingness-to-pay, Supply and demand, Information gap, Gap analysis, Business development, United States of America, Sense-making theory, Mixed methods Paper type – Research paper, Bachelor’s thesis
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Servel, Antoine. "Politiques identitaires LGBTQ et capitalisme : histoires croisées du marché gay et de l'activisme aux Etats-Unis." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR2010/document.
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La communauté Lesbienne, Gay, Bisexuelle et Transsexuelle (LGBT) a su devenir incontournable aux États-Unis en très peu de temps. Sur la scène politique, de nombreuses victoires ont transformé la perception des minorités sexuelles qui sont de plus en plus acceptées, ont obtenu le mariage et font partie de la société américaine. Nous nous interrogeons sur les raisons qui ont permis cette évolution si rapide. Nous considérons que c'est le système économique capitaliste qui a favorisé ces changements. La création d'un marché spécifique puis son ouverture au marché mainstream ont transformé le regard porté sur une communauté autrefois ostracisée ou invisible. Nous observons dans ce travail de recherche les bénéfices et les inconvénients d'un activisme par la consommation et les réactions des différents mouvements LGBT et queer qui ont vu le jour au XXe siècleThe Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender community has rapidely become part of american Society. It has won many battles-among them the right to get married-which have changed the way sexual minorities are now seen. Gay culture is everywhere in magazines, in Hollywood, on TV, and we can wonder what were the reasons for such an evolution. We consider that the way the community has understood capitalism enabled those changes. From the creation of a market and its recognition by the mainstream, LGBT people are now consumer activists. We analyse in this PhD dissertation the benefits and setbacks of that activism with regards to the different waves of LGBTQ movements in the twentieh century
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Ismael, Diana [Verfasser]. "Development of a new methodology in sensory science to detect the intention-behaviour gap in organic food consumption and investigate the effect of this gap on consumer’s subjective wellbeing / Diana Ismael." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1233387693/34.
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Pileckaitė, Reda. "Naftos ir gamtinių dujų kainų įtaka Lietuvos ekonomikai ir vartotojams." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120615_113950-05752.
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Energijos kainų didėjimas ir ekonomikos augimo sulėtėjimas bei didėjančios vartotojų išlaidos energijos prekėms ir paslaugoms kelia vis didesnį pasaulio valstybių susirūpinimą. Darbe analizuojamas naftos ir gamtinių dujų kainų daromas poveikis Lietuvos realiam BVP ir šilumos bei transporto degalų kainoms. Darbe siekiama įvertinti naftos ir gamtinių dujų kainų daromą poveikio mastą Lietuvos ekonomikai ir vartotojams bei išanalizuoti galimas šio masto tendencijas ateityje. Pirmoje darbo dalyje susisteminti pagrindiniai ekonominėje literatūroje aptariami keliai, per kuriuos kintančios energijos kainos daro įtaką šalių makroekonomikoms ir vartotojams. Palyginami skirtingais laikotarpiais tyrusių ekonomistų darytos išvados bei atskleidžiamas kintantis požiūris į energijos kainų pokyčių daromą įtaką ekonomikai. Antroje dalyje pateikiami kitų autorių atlikti susisteminti tyrimų rezultatai analizuojama tema ir pristatomi darbe atlikto tyrimo eiga ir metodika. Pateikiama pagrindinių makroekonominių rodiklių ir energijos kainų kitimo tendencijų analizė. Trečioje dalyje aptariami gauti tyrimo rezultatai ir pagrindinės išvados. Pateikiamos rekomendacijos ir siūlymai, kaip sumažinti skiriamas išlaidas energijos produktams ir paslaugoms. Atlikus tyrimą, matomas statistiškai reikšmingas naftos ir gamtinių dujų kainų poveikis Lietuvos BVP ir šilumos bei transporto degalų kainoms.Energy prices, the economic slowdown, rising energy prices and consumers spends on energy goods and services is a growing concern around the world. The paper analyzes the oil and natural gas prices affect on the real GDP of Lithuania and the heat and transport fuel prices. The paper aim is to evaluate the impact of oil and natural gas prices on Lithuania's economy and consumers spends, and to analyze the potential imapct in the future. In the first part reviews the main ways in which changing energy prices affect the macroeconomics and consumers spends, discussed in the economic literature. There are compared different views about energy price changes and their impact on the economy. There are analyzed the other authors empyrical studies in the second part and presented the methodology of research in this paper. Carried out a comparative analysis of the trend of the main macroeconomic indicators and energy prices. The third part deals with the results and findings. Also drawn up recommendations and proposals on how to reduce the spending on energy products and services. It is seen a statistically significant oil and natural gas prices impact on Lithuania‘s GDP and the heat and transport fuel prices.
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Christodoulou, Carolina, and Philip Bertilsson. "Fifty Shades of Green." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17436.
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The current green marketing industry is growing due to increasing consumer demand in combination with current environmental issues. Even so a common definition of the term green does not exist which creates both company and consumer confusion. Generally the expression is perceived by consumers to only describe environmentally friendly products but it is also further applied to different activities such as production, distribution and retailing. Due to the consumer lack of knowledge companies are having continuous difficulties satisfying the consumer’s changing needs and simultaneously protecting the environment. Companies are hoping to create awareness regarding environmental issues with the use of green marketing; however some companies are claiming to be green as a concealed marketing ploy, known as greenwashing.This study’s purpose aims to reveal and analyze whether there are gaps of knowledge in the topic green products and predominantly green cosmetics between Swedish green consumers and green companies. Lush Cosmetics has been chosen as a case company for this dissertations explorative kind and the empirical findings have been collected by a semi-structured interview with a product & people developer at the company. Answers from green consumers have been retrieved through focus group meetings with suitable respondents.Analysis of the empirical information was subsequently completed through the study’s theoretical framework to find what types of dissents exist between the two parts and why these have been generated. Results of the analysis showed that confusion as well as different opinions is present between the two parts. The knowledge gaps are prominent between the company and the consumers in the subjects of understanding marketing terms, price, ingredients and efficiency.Program: Textilekonomutbildningen
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Jochems, Jofel, and Taeke Cornelis Schol. "Adressing the gap between millennials' attitude and behavior towards sustainable packaging in the Dutch FMCG industry." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-20806.
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This dissertation investigated why Dutch millennials have a positive attitude towards sustainable packaging and whether this resulted into the purchase of sustainably packaged products in the FMCG industry. Data was collected by the use of a survey among 115 Dutch millennials. With the use of moderation variables (price, packaging quality, availability, recognition and perceived consumer effectiveness), certain interaction effects could be measured that influence purchasing decisions. Results showed that a positive attitude towards sustainable packaging results in a higher probability of purchasing sustainably packaged products. Furthermore, it was found that millennials are willing to pay extra for sustainable packaging. Also, more knowledge on how to recognize sustainably packaged products increases the likelihood of purchasing them.
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Ahmad, Danial, and David Magariños. "Green Marketing - The impact on consumer-based brand equity : a quantitative study among the Swedish Generation Y in the fashion clothing industry." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65251.
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Introduction: Recent trends have shown a steady growth regarding environmental concerns along with the pro-environmental attitudes among the consumers, yet a contradicting behaviour is observed in the purchase of environmentally friendly products, giving birth to the phenomena of attitude-behaviour gap. A fair amount of researchers have studied this attitude-behaviour gap over the recent years, investigating this very inconsistency in order to present a solution. This specific study is based on the findings of Davari & Strutton in relation to this attitudebehavior gap, where the researchers presented a simplified model of their study as an effort in overcoming this inconsistency. This specific study is based on the simplified model, where the research unearths the effect of green marketing mix elements on four dimensions of consumerbased brand equity with Swedish Generation Y and clothing fashion industry in perspective. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explain the impact of green marketing mix elements (product, price, place and promotion) on dimensions of consumer-based brand equity (brand loyalty, brand association, brand trust and perceived brand quality). Methodology: The research is based on quantitative approach designed in respect with the explanatory purpose. A closed-end online questionnaire was designed as the data collection method, resulting in 127 responses. The results were based on the multiple regression analysis, while the validity was tested against pearson's correlation method and reliability was tested through cronbach’s alpha. Conclusion: The study did not measure significant results, where green product stands out as the only element on the green marketing-mix having a positive relationship on one consumerbased brand equity dimension in this case, brand loyalty. Whereas the other elements were concluded as having no significance. Even t
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Steward, Thomas William. "Governance for affordable energy : what is the impact of demand-side governance on affordability of energy for domestic consumers in Great Britain?" Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/29915.
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Affordability of energy in the domestic sector is the product of three interrelated factors - level of household income, level of energy bills (which are a product of prices and levels of energy demand, mediated by tariffs and the retail market), and the amount of energy that a household needs to maintain a healthy living environment. This thesis focusses on the factors of affordability which are most relevant to the energy policy which are energy bills and energy efficiency, both of which are considered in the context of household income. Affordability of energy in Great Britain is important for separate, but over-lapping reasons. Firstly, it has important political impacts - as energy prices continue to rise, energy is repeatedly highlighted as one of the biggest financial concerns for households (uSwitch, 2013; YouGov, 2015; DECC, 2014f), leading affordability of energy to become an increasingly political issue (Lockwood, 2016). Secondly, affordability of energy has social implications which stem from the fact that the impact of rising energy bills is felt particularly strongly by those on low incomes and in inefficient homes – the fuel poor. In spite of it being twenty-five years since Brenda Boardman published her first book defining the issue of fuel poverty (Boardman, 1991), millions of households in Great Britain today still cannot afford adequate amounts of energy. This is significant because being able to afford access to basic levels of energy services such as warmth and light is essential for maintaining physical and mental health (Harrington et al., 2005; Stockton and Campbell, 2011). Thirdly, affordability has important implications for design of the energy system –a system focussed on minimising long-term costs, both through micro-scale features such as efficient network revenue regulation which keep costs down on a year-by-year basis, and macro-scale aspects such as through the development of a low-demand, highly flexible energy system which has the potential to bring costs down in the long term (Sanders et al., 2016), is likely to differ from one which in which affordability is less of a focus, or only a focus over the short term. This thesis responds to a gap in the literature in relation to the role that governance plays in affecting levels of affordability of energy for domestic consumers in Great Britain. It examines the impact of governance on energy prices and tariffs, and the impact of governance on energy efficiency of the housing stock in Great Britain. Both of these are examined in the context of levels of household income. Greater insight is gained by examining the impact of the energy governance structure in Denmark on Danish domestic energy efficiency standards, which are widely accepted to be very good (IEA, 2011). 7 This thesis makes use of existing academic and policy literature in tandem with data from fifty-six interviews with individuals from across the energy sectors in Great Britain and Denmark. The governance structure of energy in Great Britain is shown to be, on balance, not supportive of delivering affordable energy to domestic consumers. A number of specific issues within the current governance structure in Great Britain are identified. These include the presence of a limiting narrative, whereby policymakers consider affordability to be achieved principally through delivery of low prices; insufficient institutional capacity within OFGEM to keep network prices low, and monitor suppliers’ costs and profits; lack of wholesale market transparency; an anti-interventionist ideology leading to weak energy efficiency requirements for new-build and private rental properties; suppliers as poor executors of energy efficiency policy; weak demand-side interests; tariffs designed around the needs of suppliers, not consumers; an over-reliance on an uncompetitive retail market; a lack of institutional capacity amongst policy makers regarding energy efficiency, and network regulation; and weak consumer representation. A number of recommendations are put forward, including the fostering of a new narrative centred on energy efficiency; the redesign of tariffs to better protect the interests of consumers; the reallocation of responsibility for energy efficiency to local authorities; the development of greater institutional capacity among policymakers; the support for a more interventionist ideology supporting use of regulation; financial support for energy efficiency retrofit; the fostering of greater policy stability; development of new tariff structures; and the formation of a new consumer representative. Overall this thesis demonstrates that affordability of energy in unlikely to be delivered to domestic consumers in Great Britain unless significant changes are made to the governance structure of the energy sector.
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Ferraz, Sofia Batista. "Mind the gap: um estudo cross-cultural sobre atitude, intenÃÃo e comportamento de compra de produtos verdes." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14449.
Full textAbstract:
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorO objetivo principal desta pesquisa à analisar as relaÃÃes e o possÃvel gap entre atitude, intenÃÃo e comportamento de compra de produtos verdes entre universitÃrios da Ãrea de gestÃo do Brasil e do CanadÃ. Buscou-se, tambÃm, contribuir para a consolidaÃÃo do modelo proposto por Chan (2001) referente à atitude, inteÃÃo e comportamento de compra de produtos verdes, com o acrÃscimo de fatores situacionais como disponibilidade, preÃo e qualidade percebidos sugeridos por Dinato e Madruga (1999), Bonini e Oppenheim (2008) e DâSouza et al. (2007). O estudo à de natureza quantitativa e à descritiva quanto aos seus objetivos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo com a utilizaÃÃo da tÃcnica de Modelagem em EquaÃÃes Estruturais. Os resultados confirmaram que existe uma relaÃÃo positiva entre a atitude e a intenÃÃo de compra de produtos verdes, assim como a hà uma relaÃÃo positiva entre intenÃÃo e comportamento de compra, apesar de menos expressiva. A influÃncia da disponibilidade, preÃo e qualidade percebidos entre intenÃÃo e comportamento de compra tambÃm foi comprovada. Quanto Ãs diferenÃas entre os grupos, percebeu-se que os estudantes canadenses costumam encontrar produtos verdes com maior facilidade, assim como estÃo mais dispostos a despender dinheiro e a abdicar de produtos melhores em prol do meio ambiente. Apesar das diferenÃas entre as amostras, o preÃo percebido à uma variÃvel preponderante durante a transiÃÃo entre intenÃÃo e comportamento de compra de produtos verdes, demonstrando tambÃm haver semelhanÃas gerais entre as duas culturas. Espera-se contribuir para a geraÃÃo de debates e discussÃes acerca das vantagens e desvantagens na adoÃÃo de produtos verdes, auxiliar educadores da Ãrea da AdministraÃÃo que buscam desenvolver os currÃculos dos estudantes que assumirÃo funÃÃes associadas à gestÃo, estimular o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas na Ãrea, alÃm de auxiliar na elaboraÃÃo de estratÃgias na Ãrea de Marketing com base no comportamento de seus consumidores.
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Tsai, Wan-Hsiu Sunny. "What does it mean to be gay in American consumer culture?: gay advertising and gay consumers : a cultural studies perspective." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/2926.
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