Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gay consumers

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Gay consumers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Gay consumers"

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Polkinghorne, Robert, Nkosivile Welcome Madinga, Philip Broster, Andrianna Kappatos, Julia Kirr, Junaid Kader, Chandra Mophethe, Aparna Joseph, and Sebastian Roodt. "The New Normal: Exploring Heterosexual Consumers’ Responses to Lesbian and Gay-Themed Adverts in South African Mainstream Media." SAGE Open 12, no. 3 (July 2022): 215824402211096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221109600.

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Lesbian and gay-themed advertising hold great potential for marketers and brands, yet an understanding of how these advertisements influence heterosexual consumers is still a question of debate. This study examined the developmental factors and traditional culture of consumers, which are critical in understanding tolerance of homosexuality. It further examined the impact of tolerance of homosexuality on attitudes toward lesbian and gay-themed advertisements and brands. Primary data were collected through an electronic self-administered questionnaire, and 690 responses from heterosexual consumers were recorded. The data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings indicate that heterosexual consumers with a high tolerance toward homosexuality have more positive attitudes toward lesbian and gay-themed adverts and brands. In addition, advertisement themes (gay vs. lesbian) had no significant effect on consumer attitudes toward the advertisement as well as toward the brand. These findings provide guidelines for future research and implications for advertisers who intend to address consumers of various sexual orientations.
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Aung, May, and Ou Sha. "Clothing consumption culture of a neo-tribe." Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management 20, no. 1 (March 14, 2016): 34–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmm-07-2014-0053.

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Purpose – A number of postmodern consumer scholars have their attention on the consumption behaviour of neo-tribes. Changing gender roles and households’ consumption practices have also shaped new sets of cultural manifestations for the clothing consumption milieu. The purpose of this paper is to explore the clothing consumption culture of a neo-tribe, gay professionals within the subculture of gay consumers. Design/methodology/approach – An extended conceptual framework built upon Ajzen and Fishbein’s (1980) theory of “reasoned action” served as the conceptual guideline for this study. Specifically, the attitude-behaviour framework is proposed and employed to better understand the clothing consumption behaviour of a neo-tribe consisting of gay professionals. Personal in-depth interviews were conducted in a metropolitan city as well as two small towns in Canada. Findings – Stereotypical as well as non-stereotypical understandings are offered. The findings from this study portrayed the gay professions of this neo-tribe as rational and practical. Personal psychological factors, social factors and marketplace factors relevant to a neo-tribe of gay professionals are documented and deeper insights are presented. Research limitations/implications – Findings challenge the existing understanding of fashion manifestation for this consumers group. However, this study may be of limited scope. Future studies should further examine the clothing consumption cultural manifestations of other neo-tribes within the gay community. Practical implications – The interviewees consistently demonstrated their positive attitudes towards quality, stylish and conservative clothing. For marketers it is crucial to perceive the gay community as a non-homogeneous market segment. There is a need to understand different consumption practices within this community and to tailor marketing mix elements accordingly. Originality/value – This study has extended the understanding of the neo-tribes of gay consumers. In addition, this study offers the clothing consumption reality of a neo-tribe encompassing gay professionals. This study illuminates their rational and practical clothing consumption cultural manifestations and clothing consumption behaviour. These insights further enrich the general understandings that exist in the area of consumer research.
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Harley, Debra A., Meada Hall, and Todd A. Savage. "Working with Gay and Lesbian Consumers with Disabilities: Helping Practitioners Understand Another Frontier of Diversity." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 31, no. 1 (March 1, 2000): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.31.1.4.

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Meeting the developmental and vocational needs of gay and lesbian consumers with disabilities has become an imperative of cultural diversity. Rehabilitation practitioners need to be prepared to deal with societal and environmental barriers that impact the lives, development, and careers of these consumers. This article describes definitions and terminology, stigma related to homosexuality, homosexual identity development and disability, and ethical implications of working with gay and lesbian consumers. Recommendations are offered to help practitioners become effective facilitators of gay and lesbian consumers' developmental and vocational processes.
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Li, Eric P. H., Maffeo Ennead Chow, Wing Sun Liu, Magnum Man-Lok Lam, and Ajnesh Prasad. "Queering consumption: The discursive construction of sexual identity among fashion gay consumers in Hong Kong." Fashion, Style & Popular Culture 00, no. 00 (July 20, 2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/fspc_00144_1.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate how sexual identity is constructed among gay fashion consumers in Hong Kong through myriad consumption practices. We employed ethnographic research methods and conducted thirteen in-depth interviews with gay male consumers in Hong Kong to examine the relationship between identity and lifestyle consumption, as well as symbolic consumption and tribal behaviour, within a ‘gay’ community. The findings captured four stages of gay consumers’ identity construction, which began with (1) negotiating one’s sexual identity and changing their perception of gay identity, (2) tremendous identity change, (3) consumption behaviour change and eventually (4) full acceptance of one’s sexual identity. The construction and the expression of sexual identity among gay men in Hong Kong were found to be associated with Confucian-oriented social structures and various marketplace ideologies. This study contributes to the existing discussion of gay consumption literatures by offering a non-western context where the discursive construction of sexual identity – and the negotiations involved in its representation – reflects the multitude of tensions between Chinese culture, on the one hand, and ideas of modernity and cosmopolitanism, on the other.
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Olson, Eric, and Heelye (Jason) Park. "The impact of age on gay consumers’ reaction to the physical and social servicescape in gay bars." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 31, no. 9 (September 9, 2019): 3683–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-12-2018-0999.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of physical servicescape, social servicescape and age on gay consumers’ evaluations of a LGBT advertisement of a gay bar of a gay bar. Design/methodology/approach A 2 × 2 × 2 experimental design was used to test the effects with a sample of gay males in the USA. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA and bootstrapping mediation. Findings Results of this study indicate a statistically significant three-way interaction effect of the two independent variables and age on the gay bar’s perceived LGBT (lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgender)-friendliness. Perceived friendliness mediated the effects of the independent variables on behavioral intentions. Furthermore, the mediation effect was moderated by the age cohort. Research limitations/implications The findings indicate a changing perception of gay servicescape between the older and younger gay men. Implications for hospitality managers are provided. Originality/value This research contributes to the servicescape literature by expanding the realm of research to gay servicescape and gay consumers, an emergent and more visible hospitality segment.
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Oakenfull, Gillian W. "What Matters: Factors Influencing Gay Consumers’ Evaluations of “Gay-Friendly” Corporate Activities." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 32, no. 1_suppl (April 2013): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jppm.12.050.

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Oakenfull, Gillian. "Gay Consumers and Brand Usage: The Gender-Flexing Role of Gay Identity." Psychology & Marketing 29, no. 12 (November 12, 2012): 968–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mar.20578.

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Sha, Ou, May Aung, Jane Londerville, and Catherine E. Ralston. "Understanding gay consumers? clothing involvement and fashion consciousness." International Journal of Consumer Studies 31, no. 5 (September 2007): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2007.00593.x.

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Vogel, David. "When Consumers Oppose Consumer Protection: The Politics of Regulatory Backlash." Journal of Public Policy 10, no. 4 (October 1990): 449–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00006085.

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ABSTRACTThis article examines a neglected phenomenon in the existing literature on social regulation, namely political opposition to regulation that comes not from business but from consumers. It examines four cases of successful grass-roots consumer opposition to government health and safety regulations in the United States. Two involve rules issued by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, a 1974 requirement that all new automobiles be equipped with an engine-interlock system, and a 1967 rule that denied federal highway funds to states that did not require motorcyclists to wear a helmet. In 1977, Congress overturned the Food and Drug Administration's ban on the artificial sweetener, saccharin. Beginning in 1987, the FDA began to yield to pressures from the gay community by agreeing to streamline its procedures for the testing and approval of new drugs designed to fight AIDS and other fatal diseases. The article identifies what these regulations have in common and examines their significance for our understanding the politics of social regulation in the United States and other industrial nations.
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Um, Namhyun, and Dong Hoo Kim. "Effects of Gay-Themed Advertising among Young Heterosexual Adults from U.S. and South Korea." Social Sciences 8, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8010017.

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Little research has been conducted to explain the effects of gay-themed advertising in a cross-cultural context. Such research has been particularly scarce in South Korea. This study is designed to investigate the effects of cultural orientation, gender, and types of gay-themed advertising in evaluation of gay male and female lesbian print ads. The study results indicate that Korean college students (i.e., collectivists) had lower tolerance of homosexuality than did U.S. college students (i.e., individualists). The study also finds that gender-role beliefs lead males to have lower tolerance of homosexuality. However, gender did not have statistically significant impacts on advertising and brand evaluation. Lastly, the study also found that lesbian imagery print ads could lead to greater tolerance of homosexuality and more favorable evaluations of the advertising and brand than could gay male imagery print ads. The current study sheds some light on the characteristics of U.S. consumers and Korean consumers on tolerance of homosexuality and gay-themed ads. Limitations and areas for further research are discussed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gay consumers"

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Brady, Anita, and n/a. "Constituting queer : performativity and commodity culture." University of Otago. Department of Communication Studies, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080429.113540.

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This thesis foregrounds a question unanswered in queer theory�s account of the ongoing reproduction of heteronormativity. In Gender Trouble, Judith Butler asks "From where does the performative draw its force, and what happens to the performative whose task it is to undo" that discursively legitimated enacting? (Bodies That Matter 224-5). While queer theory offers a compelling account of how the normative fictions of identity privilege heterosexuality, the first part of Butler�s question remains relatively under-theorised. This thesis addresses this gap and argues that to understand the source of performative authority, we must address the intimate relationship between gay identity and commodity culture. Thus, I investigate the connections between the marketing industry, an historically politicised gay press, and a lesbian and gay politics imagined through the paradigm of identity, and argue that they combine in a citational feedback loop to performatively produce gay identity as the "ideal consumer." I then undertake case studies of two media texts, the website Gay.com and the television series Queer Eye for the Straight Guy, in order to demonstrate how the white, male, middle-class gay aesthete functions hegemonically as gayness in culture. My analysis then turns to the second part of Butler�s question -"what happens to the performative whose task it is to undo?"- and examines the consequences of the absence of an analysis of commodity culture for the notion of queer. To that end, I suggest that alongside their repetitions of gay normativity, both Gay.com and Queer Eye perform queer possibility. However, the case studies I undertake, along with the critical reception of Queer Eye and the internet technologies behind Gay.com, suggests that these media texts fall short of the promise of queerness. This apparent failure to disturb heteronormative reproduction is connected in these critiques to each text�s commercial imperatives. This thesis argues that such critiques tend to rely on determinations of the authenticity of queer performance, and emphasise veracity over queer theory�s potential to exploit the critical potential of deliberate indeterminacy. I argue, instead, that a key part of queer theory�s contingency is its capacity to respond to the changing performative contexts of the normative repetitions it seeks to undo. To put this more simply: If consumer desire defines contemporary gayness, then it is with consumer desire that queer theory must contend. It is precisely the indeterminacy of queer that enables such shifts in its strategies of subversion. Recognition of how queer�s indeterminacy enables those subversive moves returns us to the importance to queer theory of a sustained consideration of the constitutive capacities of commodity culture. What I suggest in this thesis is that if we do no ask "From where does the performance draw its force?" then we cannot answer "And what happens to the performative whose task it is to undo?" the normative framework of identity.
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Magott, Marta. "Specifické skupiny spotřebitelů,jejich spotřební chování v České republice." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75799.

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This doctoral thesis investigates "gay marketing" as a phenomena in the environment of the Czech Republic market. Gay marketing here is understood in a broad way, as: any activities of companies towards addressing specifically homosexual consumers. The main question of the thesis is if the trend of specifically addressing homosexual consumers can and will come to the Czech market. The goal of the thesis is to recognize consumer behavior of Czech homosexuals, and based on that to find out the specificities of that consumer segment. To be able to meet the ultimate goal, the research and analysis were covering also: analysis of existing literature on that topic, comparison of the homosexuals' consumer behavior with consumer behavior of general Czech population, approach of Czech companies towards "gay marketing" and analysis of Czech press targeting homosexuals.
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Nölke, Ana-Isabel. "Viscosity of stigma : media experiences, intersectionality, and the life-course of LGBTQ+ consumers." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31438.

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For six decades, consumer researchers have relied heavily on Goffman's (1963) seminal work on stigma, often limiting themselves to a one-dimensional treatment of it as a static variable that determines the behaviour of homogenous groups. Such views, however, stand at odds with wider paradigm shifts away from modernity, and with feminist considerations about intersectionality. Most importantly, the dearth of studies examining the interplay between structural macro-dynamics and micro-level experiences has meant that rapid changes in societal attitudes have received insufficient attention. Considering the rise of minority portrayals in the past few years and importance of the media in dispersing and ameliorating stigma, there is a need to understand how media experiences differ across generations, sociocultural categories, and individual life-courses. Focusing on lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, and other (LGBTQ+) individuals, and building on Bauman's (2000) concept of liquid modernity as well as Bourdieu's (1994) theory of practice, this thesis explores how stigma experiences of two generations of LGBTQ+ consumers have changed, how this relates to their experiences of LGBTQ+ media portrayals, as well as what this tells us about how (marginalised) consumers navigate their lives and particularly the fragmentation of identity politics through (media) consumption. I followed an intersectional phenomenological enquiry, employing a meaning-based model of media experience that contributes to the literature by extending Mick and Buhl's (1992) work to account for considerations of intersectionality and intertextuality. Life story- and subsequent media experience interviews were analysed individually and across cases. The sample consisted of eight LGBTQ+ members of the Boomer- and ten of the Millennial generation. This study develops a theoretical framework of stigma as viscous instead of static: in constant flux due to the dynamic interplay between the doxic attitudes in social fields, as well as individual embodied dispositions, the stigma habitus. This provides a richer understanding of how it is enacted in consumer culture, enabling a critical analysis of the dialectic relationship between individuals and their environment. Through this framework, my study challenges generational accounts of difference, which are found to be too simplistic to account for diverging (media) experiences. Instead, it is the dialectic between context and (stigma) habitus that shapes dynamic experiences. For participants facing high levels of stigma viscosity, for example, LGBTQ+ portrayals seemed particularly important and experiences revolved around social acceptance. Moreover, lived experiences, as well as doxic beliefs about media, advertising, and a text's 'author' formed an intertextual frame of reference used to evaluate portrayals' authenticity and harmfulness. Importantly, participants' preference for or rejection of 'radical' vs heteronormative portrayals was shaped by tastes that have become naturalised in their habitus, with disparate doxic beliefs generating reflexive guilt and ambivalence. My findings suggest that stigma amelioration may ultimately lead to symbolic violence within the LGBTQ+ community against those who do not adhere to accepted consumption standards. This study also has implications for consumers more broadly as changes in viscosity affect consumption practices. Adhering to a critical approach, I describe a range of recommendations for practitioners and reflexive practices I engaged in following this study.
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Snezek, Louann A. "Clothing preferences and shopping behavior of male homosexual and heterosexual college students." Connect to this title online, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1094831851.

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Järvstrand, Andreas, Axel Larsson, and Kasper Sundström. "Transforming Consumer Values into Eco-Friendly Purchases : A study on young Swedish consumers within the Electronic mobile device market." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-30145.

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Problem: Although modern people are more aware than ever about the environment and responsible sourcing of raw materials, a gap exists between consumers’ preferences on eco-friendly products and their actual purchasing behaviour. Companies operating in the electronic mobile device industry have been unable to bridge this value-action gap and relatively little research has been conducted on this industry.   Topic & Purpose: This paper aims to investigate and discover the preferences and purchasing behaviour of young Swedish consumers operating in the electronic mobile device industry. This paper will focus on purchasing intentions, willingness to pay, and identify which consumption values have the highest effects on these consumers’ intent to purchase eco-friendly mobile devices.   Method: A descriptive strategy and a deductive approach were applied in order to understand the impact of consumption values, CSR, brand image, and product information on young Swedish consumers. Eight hypotheses were developed to test the influence of each of these factors. The empirical study was was based on a quantitative approach and the data collection was made through an online survey and face-to-face interviews targeted towards young Swedish consumers between the ages of 18 and 28. The data analysis was conducted by using the SPSS program in order to gain numerical values which could be used to analyse the validity of each hypothesis.   Conclusion: This study discovered two out of five consumption values to have a clearly higher impact on young Swedish consumers’ purchasing intentions towards eco-friendly mobile devices. These values were emotional and conditional value, indicating that environmental awareness and situational factors have the highest influence on shaping the consumption values of these consumers. In addition, brand image was seen to be an influential factor for these consumers, as opposed to CSR, or product information. Based on these findings, suggestions for further research were presented.
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Hoenig, Jennifer. "Sexual Identity Milestone Attainment: Understanding Differences among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Young People." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613143.

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Those examining lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) sexual identity development have largely shifted away from testing stage models of the past (Cass, 1979; Coleman, 1982; Troiden, 1989) to understanding differences in the age and order of milestone occurrence and issues of timing. Examination of milestone attainment was more prevalent at the turn of the 21st century and thus less is known about milestone attainment among current cohorts of LGB identified young people. The goals of this dissertation were to 1) describe milestone attainment among a recent cohort of LGB identified young people, examining group differences, 2) examine the connection between age of milestone attainment and indicators of mental health and substance use, focusing on bias-based victimization as a potential moderator, 3) explore racism as a mediator to explain differences in age of milestone attainment among LGB young people of color. Three papers were produced using data from a three-site longitudinal panel study of risk and protective factors for suicide among LGB, transgender, and queer/questioning youth. Results indicated that age of milestone attainment for first label as LGB, first disclosure to another person, and first same-sex sexual experience were younger in this contemporary cohort of young people compared to results found in previous studies. However, few group differences were found. Additionally, associations were found between younger age of milestone attainment and more reports of substance use. Implications for health promotion and prevention programs as well as future research directions are discussed.
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DeMerchant, Elizabeth Ann. "Consumers' knowledge, practices, and satisfaction with cooking systems' interaction." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09192009-040448/.

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Fink, Leonie Linda Fink [Verfasser], and Angelika [Akademischer Betreuer] Ploeger. "Sustainable diets : Studies on German consumers' intention-behavior gap." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2020. http://d-nb.info/122556767X/34.

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Apell, Karlsson Jennifer, Moa Gustafsson, and Rikard Rasmusson. "Consumers' Response to Irresponsible Corporate Behaviour : A Study of the Swedish Consumers' Attitude and Behaviour." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26693.

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How companies in the apparel industry produce their products is receiving increasingly more attention, both in the society and marketplace, as well as by consumers. Despite the increasing amount of corporate scandals and corporate irresponsibility within the apparel industry, the previous research conducted within this field has mainly focused on how positive CSR affects consumers. This thesis aims to investigate how Swedish consumers’ attitude and behaviour are affected by negative CSR in the apparel industry. In order to fulfil the purpose of this thesis, a mix of quantitative and qualitative research was used to conduct an abductive study. The data was gathered through a survey posted on social media and by performing semi-structured interviews with participants consisting of Swedish consumers. The authors of this thesis have identified that Swedish consumer’s attitude is affected by negative CSR performed by apparel companies. However, the change in consumer attitude did not necessarily transfer into a change in behaviour, which generates an attitude-behaviour gap. The key barriers identified contributing to this gap are Swedish consumers’ lack of knowledge, and that they generally value personal needs and wants such as price, quality, and style greater than social responsibility.
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Minkova, Iliana, and Lozano Ana Isabel Castellanos. "The Ethical Colour : Exploring the intention-behaviour (I-B) gap among Generation Y women with relation to ethical makeup." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-43961.

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Background: Makeup has become the fastest‐growing beauty category in the last years, partly due to the effects of the digitalisation, and the growing importance conferred upon the digital image. Consumers are becoming increasingly aware of the business practices behind the goods they buy, and the impact of their purchases on the environment, and the human and animal welfare. However, not always ethical intentions are translated into purchases. This gap between the intention and the actual behaviour, also known as “I-B gap”, has been researched within the sectors of food or clothing; however, it remains unexplored in the case of makeup. Purpose: This thesis aims to explore the main reasons leading to the I-B gap in reference to ethical makeup. Method: An exploratory qualitative study based on 14 semi-structured interviews was conducted among European millennial females. Conclusions: The yawning gap existing between intention and behaviour towards ethical makeup is shown in this paper, as well as the factors that explain it. Despite the positive overall attitude and intention of the sample towards such products, the general lack of awareness associated with the ethical makeup is evidenced. Furthermore, the store environment, ranging from the products display and visibility, to the customer service, and the samples’ trial availability, exert a major influence on purchase. In addition, the brand or product attachment may play a crucial role in the final purchase decision. More specifically, this research reveals that consumers appeared to remain loyal towards makeup products that they are already satisfied and familiar with. These aspects seem to represent a challenge to overcome by ethical makeup companies, since above the ethical credentials, customers value other aspects such as the effectiveness, the suitability of the product with the skin type, the quality-price balance, the availability or the variety.
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Books on the topic "Gay consumers"

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Lukenbill, Grant. Untold millions: Secret truths about marketing to gay and lesbian consumers. 2nd ed. New York: Harrington Park Press, 1999.

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Brown, Robert. The U.S. gay and lesbian market. 4th ed. New York, N.Y: Packaged Facts, 2004.

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Robert, Brown. The gay and lesbian market. New York, N.Y: Kalorama Information, 2000.

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Chasin, Alexandra. Selling out: The gay and lesbian movement goes to market. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000.

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Chasin, Alexandra. Selling out: The gay and lesbian movement goes to market. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2000.

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França, Isadora Lins. Consumindo lugares, consumindo nos lugares: Homossexualidade, consumo e subjetividades na cidade de São Paulo. Rio de Janeiro: EdUERJ, 2012.

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Reinaudo, Franco. O mercado gls: Como obter sucesso com o segmento de maior potencial da atualidade. São Paulo: Idéia & Ação, 2008.

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Raguenet, Troccoli Irene, ed. Esta roupa é a minha cara: Gays, luxo e consumo. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Garamond, 2011.

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Robert, Brown. The gay & lesbian market: New trends, new opportunities. 3rd ed. New York, N.Y: MarketResearch.com, 2002.

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L, Wardlow Daniel, ed. Gays, lesbians, and consumer behavior: Theory, practice, and research issues in marketing. New York: Harrington Park Press, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gay consumers"

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Oakenfull, Gillian. "The Role of Gay Identity in Gay Consumers’ Evaluations of Gendered Brands." In The Sustainable Global Marketplace, 124. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10873-5_63.

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Oakenfull, Gillian. "Making the Rainbow Connection: Factors Influencing Gay Consumers’ Evaluations of Gay-Friendly Corporate Activities." In Marketing Dynamism & Sustainability: Things Change, Things Stay the Same…, 429. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10912-1_142.

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van Langen, Sven Kevin, Patrizia Ghisellini, Rashmi Anoop Patil, and Seeram Ramakrishna. "Consumer-Centric Circularity: Conscious Changes in Lifestyle Towards a New Normal." In Circularity Assessment: Macro to Nano, 101–12. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9700-6_7.

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AbstractIn the final chapter, we take a closer look at the role that consumers play in the transition to the CE. Ultimately, consumers must be willing to buy sustainable circular products over those products that have a single lifecycle. The CE can receive great impulses even from a single person or a small group of people as we have shown in the repair café and iFixit case studies. This can cause a ripple effect that can quickly reach millions of people all over the world. It is up to governments to spread awareness amongst their citizens, so they become responsible consumers, and play a role as one of the largest consumers in their own economy as well. We look at the city of Rotterdam for a collection of cases, specifically looking at several consumer initiatives and how the city has been improving its own consumption since governments are big consumers themselves. We end the chapter, and the book, by looking at the circularity gap and revisiting what has been discussed in this book regarding closing this gap.
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Young, Brian M. "Erikson’s Stages of Life: Can We Bridge the Gap?" In Consumer Psychology, 157–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90911-0_7.

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Lavrijssen, Saskia, and Blanka Vitéz. "Good Governance and the Regulation of the District Heating Market." In Shaping an Inclusive Energy Transition, 185–227. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74586-8_9.

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AbstractThis chapter discusses how the fundamental values of energy democracy and energy justice and the principles of good governance can play a role in developing a more consistent approach towards the regulation of the energy sector and, more in particular, in dealing with the challenges of regulating the heat transition in the Netherlands in a just way. Energy justice and energy democracy are energy specific concepts that are gaining influence when interpreting and applying the principles of good governance in the energy sector. Both concepts are based on the awareness that the energy transition is a matter for all citizens of the European Union and should not be ignored by policymakers and independent regulators. The heat transition in the Netherlands significantly impacts the position of consumers, prosumers and vulnerable customers, as an ever-larger group of consumers will be disconnected from the gas grid and will be connected to heat networks. Energy democracy and energy justice and the principles of good governance are important values that should guide policy-makers in making choices that affect consumer participation and the protection of vulnerable customers in the heat transition. It is elaborated how energy democracy and energy justice and the principles of good governance indeed can provide a useful framework within which advantages and disadvantages can be weighed of regulatory choices to be made when modernising the regulation of the heat market in a just way. In particular, there remains a lot to gain in terms of flexible regulation and supervision as well as the facilitation of consumer/prosumer participation in the Netherlands. Because it is likely that most heat consumers will remain locked in for a relatively long time in natural monopolies facilitated by older generation heat networks and the lack of alternative heating, substantive consumer-participation could yield positive results regarding community engagement in heat network management and heat supply.
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Alborn, Timothy. "Alliance and Dublin Consumers' Gas Company." In British Shareholder Meetings in the Long Nineteenth Century, 223–33. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003177715-21.

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de Freitas, Rebecca. "Gen Z and Esports: Digitizing the Live Event Brand." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021, 188–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65785-7_16.

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AbstractAs digitization converges with globalization, industries across the world establish new standards, platforms and audience engagement methods to delight consumers adjusting to CV19’s virtual space. Within the Tourism and Hospitality industry, gamification provides the events and meetings sector an opportunity to implement hybrid events at a level unseen before. Esports is the newest standard of gamification for hybrid, both live and virtual, events. However, within this new standard, there is a large knowledge gap among event organizers of how to execute an esport experience and why esports dominance is necessary to incorporate into hospitality and tourism models. Through understanding esports’ majority consumer, Gen Z, and accurately reflecting esports culture, event organizers will assist the tourism economy through prosperous esport events.
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Fernandes, Marta P., Joaquim L. Viegas, Susana M. Vieira, and João M. C. Sousa. "Seasonal Clustering of Residential Natural Gas Consumers." In Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems, 723–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40596-4_60.

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Moscato, Pablo, and Natalie Jane de Vries. "Marketing Meets Data Science: Bridging the Gap." In Business and Consumer Analytics: New Ideas, 3–117. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06222-4_1.

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Banerjee, Nattasha, and Sutapa Chatterjee Bhattacharya. "E-Commerce – Stitching the Gap between Weavers and Consumers." In Interdisciplinary Research in Technology and Management, 121–27. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003202240-20.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gay consumers"

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Leeuwis, Nikki, Maryam Alimardani, and Tom Van Bommel. "'Neuromarketing as a tool for environmental conditioning and sustainable consumption." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001823.

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The impact of human factors on climate change is unequivocal. While consumers are increasingly becoming aware of their environmental footprint, this is not sufficient: contextual factors such as pricing, convenience, and packaging play a role in consumers’ decision-making. This has created a gap between consumers’ attitudes and behavior, which calls for intervention of behavioral sciences to change consumer behavior and consequently combat the climate crisis effectively. Consumer neuroscience methodology has been proposed as a potential tool to untangle the neural and psychological origins of consumers’ behavior since subjective reports may be biased by social desirability and therefore are not a reliable measure of pro-environmental behavior. Prior studies have shown that conditioning the consumer with information on the environmental impact of products can influence their buying behavior and brain activity. This paper provides an extended exploration of past works on consumer neuroscience, environmental behavior, and conditioning techniques. We aim to unite the current theories and common practices and uncover future research directions in an effort to develop a neuroscientifically supported conditioning intervention that could promote pro-environmental behavior in consumers.
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Firsova, Anna, and Tao Xi. "Communication of sustainability through the wine label design: an experimental study." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002030.

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The wine culture itself is a very old and complex system that includes nature, territory, culture, tradition and human factor. The main mean of communication between the wine consumer and the producer himself is the wine label. It was in the 17th Century that, for the first time, a wine producer called decided to specify the origin of his wine on the bottle. Nevertheless, the wine label became a fundamental element of wine only in the end of 19th century during the industrial revolution, when a real consumes market was born.Nowadays we must take into consideration the fact that different countries produce wine for different markets, bringing different symbology and cultural meaning to their labels. After underlining how the wine packaging can convey cultural and symbolical meanings, it is then easy to agree that it is also possible to communicate the importance of ecological sustainability through a bottle of wine. Some elements of the packaging may explicitly refer to ecological sustainability, such as the BIO (biological) certificates that a cellar can obtain by respecting some specific standards. In this case the producer will apply this mark to the bottle in order to assure the consumer on the sustainability of the wine he is about to drink.In other cases, the communication of ecological sustainability can be more subtle and can be found in different components of the bottle: the cork, the label, the glass itself. The materials choice is in fact extremely important, because it can communicate a lot about the producer’s point of view.Nevertheless, what most probably will catch the eye of the consumer is the label. The label is like a white canvass and there the producer has the chance to convey all of his credo in ways that can be more or less explicit. The symbology plays a fundamental role in the labels’ design, and many are the already established visual codes which are used.Eco-labels are meant to minimise the information gap that might exist between the producers of eco-products and the consumers. This can be pursued by providing information about a product's environmentally responsible attributes.Generally, attributes such as social and environmental performance are aspects of a product that consumers can hardly identify. An important help often come from eco-labels, which can induce informed purchasing choices by environmentally responsible consumers.The purpose of this study is to investigate how the wine packaging design can be improved in order to enhance the ecological message and to increasingly involve the final consumer.The main objective of this research is to examine the role of wine packaging in making sustainable choices and investigate what is the impact of using sustainable materials in the wine packaging. In particular, within the framework of this research, it will be interesting to investigate if the label design, and sustainability-related elements on it, can have a major influence on the consumer’s choice making.The target group of the experiment is represented by wine shops and supermarkets customers of legal drinking age (21+). The participants declared to buy wine one or more times in a week.An on-line questionnaire was designed in order to explore the perception of consumers toward awareness of sustainability. The second phase of the experiment is to understand the consumers’ wine choices applying a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE). DCEs allow researchers to catch consumers’ stated preferences from hypothetical choice situations using a combination of product attributes. In order to choose the attributes for the discrete choice experiment, a qualitative analysis was conducted together with the focus groups. Analysing the outcomes, it was possible to point out 5 main attributes. The economical aspect plays an important role when purchasing a wine bottle, for this reason, at least 2 bottles from the same group classification but belonging to different price ranges should be used in the experiment. For the experiment a total amount of 10 bottles is used on the DCE and then analysed.This experiment helps to understand and analyse the critical elements that condition the choice making process and understand how to educate wine consumers to sustainability, simply through the label design.Many actions can be taken, starting from the information that a label provides and the tools that should be used in order to more efficiently convey the message to the final consumer.
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Tseng, Ian, Jonathan Cagan, and Kenneth Kotovsky. "Learning Stylistic Desires and Generating Preferred Designs of Consumers Using Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48642.

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Consumers have different ideas of what makes a design stylish. Some consumers may want a sporty looking car, while others may want a rugged looking or a fuel-efficient looking car. Can computers learn what it means to satisfy those style-based goals and use this knowledge to generate designs that target style-based goals in design? An experiment was conducted where participants were asked to rate computer generated car profiles for sportiness, ruggedness, beauty, and fuel efficiency. This survey data is used as an indicator of consumer stylistic form preferences, and was used to train Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for each of the four rating categories. The resulting ANNs were then inverted using a Genetic Algorithm (GA) in order to generate new designs that elicit targeted style goals from consumers.
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Makkonen, Markus, Lauri Frank, Matilda Holkkola, and Tiina Paananen. "The Use of Neutralisation Techniques in the Context of Responsible Online Shopping: A Latent Profile Analysis." In 37th Bled eConference. University of Maribor Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.4.2024.41.

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Although many consumers use various neutralisation techniques to eliminate the anticipated guilt that results from not engaging in responsible consumption, the use of such techniques in the context of responsible online shopping has attracted little attention in prior research. In this study, we aim to address this gap by examining (1) whether it is possible to segment consumers in terms of their use of neutralisation techniques to eliminate the anticipated guilt that results from not engaging in responsible online shopping and (2) how these segments potentially differ from each other in terms of demographics (e.g., gender, age, and income), online shopping frequency, and anticipated guilt. The examination is based on 478 responses from Finnish consumers that were collected in spring 2023 and are analysed with latent profile analysis. Our findings suggest the existence of four distinct consumer segments with several differences between them in terms of demographics and anticipated guilt.
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Zafar, Fahad, Pedro Silva, Cláudia Lopes, Ana Reis, Manuel Vieira, and Omid Emadinia. "Upcycling Aluminium Chips to Powder Feedstocks for Powder Metallurgy Applications." In Euro Powder Metallurgy 2023 Congress & Exhibition. EPMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59499/ep235764227.

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The aluminium scrap, either from industry or end-of-life consumer products is generally melted to recycle aluminium. This recycling approach can still consume up to one-third of the energy consumed to produce primary aluminium since it also requires the addition of primary aluminium apart from other processing. Aluminium metal swarf, a waste from subtractive manufacturing processes can be upcycled to produce metal powders. Conventionally, aluminium powders are produced using atomization processes with considerable energy and inert gas consumption. Thus, it is worth evaluating approaches like mechanical milling to explore the potential of energy savings as well as reducing the carbon footprint. Identifying and controlling the key milling parameters is paramount to achieving desired characteristics in the milled powders. This study explores the feasibility of the production of A356 and AlSi10Mg aluminium alloy powder by mechanical milling of waste metal swarf. Material characterization and mechanical testing results are presented.
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Džever, Sanja, Drazen Maric, Ksenija Lekovic, and Dunja Kostic. "Generation Z Attitudes Towards Organic Food: A Review." In 29th International Scientific Conference Strategic Management and Decision Support Systems in Strategic Management. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Economics in Subotica, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46541/978-86-7233-428-9_397.

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The global food market is continuously undergoing rapid and complex changes, creating a dynamic environment that demands constant adjustments and responses. Thus, the food industry has been increasingly popular nowadays as a research topic. Furthermore, academic researchers are notably interested in analyzing greater demand for organic food, particularly in developed countries. Despite the barriers that consumers encounter in the market, a growing percentage of them are currently shifting to organic purchases. Consequently, most of the research studies aim to understand consumer behavior since it is crucial for businesses and policymakers seeking to promote sustainable food systems. Consumer choices concerning food have a significant impact on the environment, as they are drivers of agricultural production. Despite the fact that Generation Z consumers will be the head of their households in the near future, little is known about their behavior. Therefore, the subject of this paper is organic food, with a special emphasis on Generation Z attitudes. The research gap is particularly concerning given that Generation Z is likely to embrace a lot of new trends on the market. Thus, this paper aims to define recommendations for further research on the topic in order to minimize the noticed research gap. Through a systematic literature review, the paper examines a total of five empirical studies published in the last four years.
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Jhalli, Gursharan Singh. "Providing Concealed Connections in Kitchens and Confined Areas Having No Provision of Natural Ventilation." In ASME 2019 India Oil and Gas Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iogpc2019-4521.

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The Government of India is promoting usage of PNG in cities and metros in big way which has opened up newer opportunities & challenges for the CGD industry especially catering to Domestic, Commercial & Industrial Consumers meeting the existing regulations & statutory provisions. As per the Provisions of Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (Technical Standards and Specifications including Safety Standards for City or Local Natural Gas Distribution Networks) T4S Regulations domestic piping should be in ventilated area. However, currently there is no clear-cut technical guidelines for installation of piping downstream to consumer meter in concealed location and confined spaces. This study suggests guidelines provided in various codes & standards and the practical approaches adopted in various countries for installation of the pipe-work between the Service Regulator (SR) up to and including the steel reinforced rubber hose installed inside the kitchen of the domestic customer, and includes the risers and laterals systems supplying gas to high rise multi occupancy buildings (domestic premises), to facilitate supply of gas to the domestic customers.
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Krstić, Zvjezdana, and Mirjana Maksimović. "Significance of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in Marketing." In 29th International Scientific Conference Strategic Management and Decision Support Systems in Strategic Management. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Economics in Subotica, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46541/978-86-7233-428-9_401.

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Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is increasingly crucial due to its extremely important role in modern marketing, as it advances predictive analytics of consumer behavior and analysis of the purchase decision-making process. This paper examines the importance of XAI in marketing, emphasizing its role in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of marketing strategies. By examining the evolution of AI in marketing and the challenges posed by opaque algorithms, this study highlights the transformative potential of XAI in bridging the gap between marketers and consumers. In addition, ethical issues related to the application of XAI are discussed, emphasizing the imperative of conscientious application in order to maintain privacy and consumer trust. Furthermore, possible directions for the use of XAI are explored, with the aim of driving marketing practices in a data-dominated era. This paper highlights the key role of XAI in shaping future trends in marketing research and its implications for businesses operating in a dynamic market environment.
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Singh, Santosh Pratap, Ashish Dutta, and Anupam Saxena. "Design of a Biped Robot With Torsion Springs at the Joints for Reduced Energy Consumption During Walk." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86595.

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Biped robots have multiple degrees of freedom for walking and hence they consume a lot of energy. In this paper it is proposed that adding torsion springs at the joints of an 8 DOF biped will lead to reduced energy consumption during walk. First the dynamic equations of motion of the biped robot are obtained incorporating the torsion springs at the joints. Using the dynamic model the total energy consumed during walk was evaluated for a single step. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) based algorithm was developed for finding the energy optimal trajectory during gait by comparing all the possible trajectories. It is first proved that addition of torsion springs at the joints lead to reduction of energy consumption as compared to a biped with no springs. All the gait parameters were then optimized to get the optimum values for the spring constants at each joint, reference angle of springs and length of each step. It is proved that using these optimal parameters the proposed biped robot consumes the least energy.
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Motilal, Rampersad. "Natural Gas: Consumer Perspective." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/10736-ms.

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Reports on the topic "Gay consumers"

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Grubb, Michael, Paul Drummond, and Serguey Maximov. Separating electricity from gas prices through Green Power Pools: Design options and evolution. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp193.

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This paper develops a detailed proposal for an efficient way to channel the value of large-scale renewables, which have become much cheaper than gas-driven wholesale electricity prices, to consumers at ‘cost-plus’ prices. This would reduce the fiscal pressure on governments for market-wide subsidies and offer more stable support for consumers most in need. We detail how this ‘green power pool’ approach could interact with the wholesale market to ensure firm power, also bringing transparency to the cost of balancing the variable renewables output, and maintaining incentives for efficient supply and demand responses. We illustrate the approach with reference to the cost and volume trajectories of UK renewables backed by government CfDs, targeted initially to particular consumer groups, as a first step in a wider transition towards direct consumer access to cheap renewables.
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Hidalgo Pérez, Manuel, Natalia Collado Van-Baumberghen, Jorge Galindo, and Ramon Mateo Escobar. The effects of the Spanish gas cap on prices, inflation, and consumption six months later. Esade, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56269/20230202/mhp.

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The most prominent measure to moderate the escalation of electricity prices during 2022 has been the gas cap implemented exceptionally in Spain and Portugal. We present here the most accurate, rigorous and updated estimate of the effects of this measure on the regulated electricity tariff, known as the "Precio de Venta del Pequeño Consumidor (PVPC), which directly replicates the wholesale market price. To do so, we update the data we presented in September until the end of December 2022, comparing the real evolution of this tariff with a statistical model that draws the same line but in an alternative world in which the gas cap is not applied. After six months, the electricity bill at the regulated tariff in Spain is 32% cheaper than it would be in a world without the Iberian exceptionality: according to our estimate, the resulting saving for the whole of 2022 was around €209 per consumer. Moreover, inflation in 2022 would have been 0.3 points higher without a gas cap: 8.7%, instead of the 8.4% observed. In other words: half of Spain's better situation compared to the Eurozone can be attributed to this measure. On the negative side, the higher consumption of gas for electricity generation continues and the lower price of Spanish electricity, which would have facilitated the increase in exports to France with the consequent risk of subsidization in favor of French consumers at the expense of Spanish consumers.
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Volpe Martincus, Christian, Monika Sztajerowska, and Mariana Belén Santi. Consumers and Firms in International Trade. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012977.

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Modern theoretical and empirical analyses in international trade typically focus on firms as the sole trading actors. This is consistent with the fact that firms have traditionally accounted for the vast majority of trade and, hence, examining their behavior allows for fully characterizing trade margins and assessing their determinants. Emerging and rapidly growing trade modalities such as cross-border e-commerce have started to change this by making it easier for individuals to directly engage in international sales and purchases. However, to what extent and how consumers directly participate in and shape international trade has remained largely unknown due to data limitations. In this paper, we use a unique dataset consisting of the entire universe of import shipments that entered Peru in 2019 to provide novel evidence on the role of both consumers and firms as importers, characterize the distribution and patterns of their foreign purchases, and assess how gravity forces shape their trade decisions, thus filling in this gap in the literature.
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Bastos, Paulo, Lucio Castro, Julian P. Cristia, and Carlos Scartascini. Research Insights: Does Energy Consumption Respond to Price Shocks? Inter-American Development Bank, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004819.

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Using unique features of a tariff schedule for natural gas in Buenos Aires, we find that a price increase causes a prompt and significant decline in residential consumption. The results also indicate that consumers respond more to past bills-actual cost paid-than to expected prices. Policymakers and regulators need to move beyond the assumption of perfect awareness of complex price schedules by consumers.
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Heresi, Rodrigo, and Daniela Villacreces Villacis. From Macroeconomic Stability to Welfare: Optimizing Fiscal Rules in Commodity-Dependent Economies. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004918.

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This paper examines the welfare implications of alternative rule-based fiscal policies in an economy with financially-constrained households. Using a New Keynesian DSGE model of a multi-sectoral small and open commodity-exporting economy, we find that adopting a welfare-maximizing fiscal policy involves an actively countercyclical response to the tax revenue gap and a procyclical response to international commodity prices. Transitioning from a procyclical stance to the optimized rule regarding the tax revenue gap leads to welfare gains of approximately 1.5% and 0.1% of permanent consumption for Non-Ricardian and Ricardian consumers, respectively. Moreover, moving from a countercyclical stance to the optimized rule concerning the commodity revenue gap results in 1% and 0.02% larger welfare gains for Non-Ricardian and Ricardian consumers, respectively. In terms of implementation, social transfers are the best instrument to implement the fiscal rule, yielding higher welfare gains, lower macroeconomic volatility, and only moderate fluctuations in government spending.
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Ameri, Samuel, and Patrick Szary. PB2006105744 Needs for Oil and Gas Pipeline Safety and Security. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012127.

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Pipelines are by far the most important mode of petroleum transportation in the United States because of their remarkable efficiency and low transportation cost. Pipelines carry two-thirds of the energy consumed by our nation and are recognized as the safest and most economical way to distribute vast quantities of oil and gas from production fields to refineries to consumers for a foreseeable future. This sophisticated network of gathering and distribution systems comprises 2.3 million miles of pipelines-varying in size from 2 inches to 60 inches in diameter. Pipelines are vital to a nation's economy and are a significant part of national critical infrastructure. The pipeline infrastructure and the volume of products transported have continued to grow as demand for energy has increased. Over the next two decades, the demand for energy is projected to reach record levels. This increased demand for energy combined with the expansion of the cities and suburban areas will require the pipeline infrastructure not only to expand but to reliably and safely deliver energy services in support of the nation's economy. The United States has a well-developed system for the protection of the public and the environment from the dangers of oil and gas pipeline failures. However, there is always a chance that a pipeline can leak. Pipeline leaks can be dangerous to people, to the natural environment, to public land, and to private property. Furthermore, the tragic events of the September 11 t terrorist attacks have focused the attention on the security of the nation's energy sources and the critical energy and transportation infrastructure systems. Therefore, pipeline security and safety has become a high-profile, national concern.
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Cude, Brenda, Lisa Groshong, and Bonnie Burns. Long-Term Care Insurance Rate Increases and Reduced Benefit Options: Insights from Interviews with Financial Planners. Center for Insurance Policy and Research, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52227/26404.2022.

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The NAIC has not attempted to directly examine consumer response to long-term care insurance rate increase notices. This report describes a study that is a first step to fill that gap. The report describes the major takeaways from interviews with 14 financial planners. Interviews with financial planners are an indirect route to examining consumer responses to rate increase notices. However, all financial planners had experience advising clients who received long-term care insurance rate increase notices that included reduced benefit options. The report concludes with recommendations for state insurance regulators and the NAIC regarding rate increase notices and reduced benefit options.
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Auffhammer, Maximilian, and Edward Rubin. Natural Gas Price Elasticities and Optimal Cost Recovery Under Consumer Heterogeneity: Evidence from 300 million natural gas bills. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24295.

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Arbaje, Paul, and Mark Specht. Gas Malfunction: Calling into Question the Reliability of Gas Power Plants. Union of Concerned Scientists, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47923/2024.15312.

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While the United States has roughly doubled its investments in clean energy over the past 10 years, the power grid is still predominantly reliant on natural gas; gas plants provided 43 percent of generating capacity in 2022. This heavy reliance on gas plants, coupled with an assumption that gas plants are more reliable than they actually are, is a vulnerability for the power grid and for consumers. As recent evidence has shown, the US fleet of gas plants is susceptible to large-scale failures during extreme weather. For example, recent winter storms in Texas and the Southeast knocked unprecedented portions of the fleet offline, ultimately leading to rolling blackouts for millions of people. Heat waves and droughts have also significantly interfered with gas plant operations. As the impacts of climate change intensify, extreme weather events are becoming more frequent and more severe, increasing the threat to gas plants and, in turn, to the reliability of the power grid. Given these growing challenges, we must reassess the role of this resource in ensuring grid reliability.
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Heiss, Florian, Daniel McFadden, and Joachim Winter. Mind the Gap! Consumer Perceptions and Choices of Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Plans. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13627.

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