Journal articles: 'Gay bears'

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Tan, Chris K. K. "Taipei Gay “Bear” Culture as a Sexual Field, or, Why Did Nanbu Bear Fail?" Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 48, no. 4 (December 15, 2017): 563–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891241617742191.

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Inspired by the classical triptych of field, capital, and habitus, Green formulates the sexual fields framework to account for the current unprecedented expansion of specialized erotic worlds. In this essay, I analyze fieldwork data to ethnographically map the contours of the sexual field of Taipei’s gay Bears. After tracing the origins of the Taiwanese Bear through Japan and ultimately back to the US, I critically examine the interactions of the sexual fields framework’s core components. I make two conclusions here. First, Bears accumulate sexual capital through their bodies and the clothes they wear and rely heavily on social media to attain and retain sexual status. Second, while the Bear originally celebrated somatic diversity, interpersonal competition increasingly homogenizes Taipei’s Bears attire to reveal the limits of Bear sociability. Through this essay, I contribute to the growing body of sexual fields research.

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Mijas, Magdalena, Karolina Koziara, Andrzej Galbarczyk, and Grazyna Jasienska. "Chubby, Hairy and Fearless. Subcultural Identities and Predictors of Self-Esteem in a Sample of Polish Members of Bear Community." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (June 20, 2020): 4439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124439.

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Bear subculture exists within a larger gay community, which has been recognized by public health experts as disproportionately burdened with stigma and related health adversities. Bears are distinguished by a particular body look—body hirsuteness and heavy-set physique. Previous research documented the various health risks, and the exposure to both sexual minority and weight stigma, of this population. In this study we focused on the determinants of self-esteem in Bears. We explored the significance of such predictors as: perceived sexual minority and weight stigma, age, resilience, and physique as reflected by the BMI. Our sample consisted of 60 men from the Polish Bear community (i.e., Bears, Cubs, Otters, Wolves). Linear regression models were performed for the entire sample (N = 60) and for Bear-identified men (N = 31). Perceived sexual minority stigma negatively, and resilience positively, predicted self-esteem. In the case of Bear-identified men, age, perceived exposure to weight discrimination, and BMI were also significant predictors of self-esteem. Higher BMI in the case of Bear-identified men predicted higher self-esteem. Our results suggest that although Bear-identified men are characterized by their similarities to other gay men, subcultural identities create unique social contexts that are important for health and health interventions in this population.

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Quidley-Rodriguez, Narciso, and Joseph P. De Santis. "A Literature Review of Health Risks in the Bear Community, a Gay Subculture." American Journal of Men's Health 11, no. 6 (December 30, 2015): 1673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988315624507.

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Gay men’s subcultural identifications may help explain why certain groups of gay men are more at risk than other groups. One such subculture is the Bear community, a group that espouses that large-framed, hirsute men are attractive. To understand current health risks among the Bear community, a literature search was conducted using Medline, Psychinfo, CINAHL, and LGBT Life. A total of eight articles were found addressing health risks in the Bear community. There is a dearth of literature that focuses on the Bear community, but the current literature indicates that Bears are more likely to have a higher body mass index, lower self-esteem, and engage in risky sexual behaviors than other gay men. Suggestions for engaging and conducting research with the Bear community are provided. Last, clinical implications offer guidance for health care providers working with the Bear community to ensure that appropriate care is delivered to these men.

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Edmonds, Shaun E., and Susan G. Zieff. "Bearing Bodies: Physical Activity, Obesity Stigma, and Sexuality in the Bear Community." Sociology of Sport Journal 32, no. 4 (December 2015): 415–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2014-0166.

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In recent years, individuals who do not conform to healthist body shape and weight norms are the target of an increasingly fervent moral panic about “obesity” (Gard & Wright, 2005). As a subculture within the gay male community (Wright, 1997a), the “Bear” community offers a site for examining biopolitical resistance to the pervasive body ideals (and associated fat stigma) embedded within, and perpetuated by, mainstream gay values. Utilizing in-depth interviews and participant observation, this study explores the ways in which Bears negotiate physical activity and body image within the ostensibly fat-positive Bear community. In analyzing the stories and spaces of the Bear community, I find diverse experiences that reveal a complex relationship between sexuality, body image, and engagement in physical activity.

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Mijas, Magdalena, Karolina Koziara, Andrzej Galbarczyk, and Grazyna Jasienska. "Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Bears and Other Gay Men: A Descriptive Study from Poland." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031044.

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A risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increased by multiple factors including psychosocial stress and health behaviors. Sexual minority men who identify as Bears form a subculture distinguished by characteristics associated with increased CVD risk such as elevated stress and high body weight. However, none of the previous studies comprehensively investigated CVD risk in this population. Our study compared Bears (N = 31) with other gay men (N = 105) across a wide range of CVD risk factors. Logistic regression and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models were performed to compare both groups concerning behavioral (e.g., physical activity), medical (e.g., self-reported hypertension), and psychosocial (e.g., depressiveness) CVD risk factors. Bears were characterized by older age and higher body mass index (BMI) than the control group. We also observed higher resilience, self-esteem, as well as greater prevalence of self-reported hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia in Bears. None of these differences remained statistically significant after adjusting for age and, in the case of self-reported diagnosis of diabetes, both age and BMI. Our study demonstrates that Bears are characterized by increased CVD risk associated predominantly with older age and higher BMI. Health promotion interventions addressed to this community should be tailored to Bears’ subcultural norms and should encourage a healthier lifestyle instead of weight loss.

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Tan, Chris K. K. "Gaydar: Using Skilled Vision to Spot Gay “Bears” in Taipei." Anthropological Quarterly 89, no. 3 (2016): 841–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/anq.2016.0049.

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Doherty, Sean. "‘Love Does Not Delight in Evil, but Rejoices With the Truth.’ A Theological and Pastoral Reflection On My Journey Away From A Homosexual Identity." ANVIL 30, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/anv-2013-0011.

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Abstract This article offers theological reflection on the author’s experience, initially as a celibate gay person and subsequently as someone who has chosen not to be defined as gay and who has married. It argues that faithfulness to the classic Christian teaching about sex and marriage is liberating rather than homophobic, and that the contemporary cultural tendency to conflate sexual desire with identity bears at least some of the blame for the gay experience of marginalisation. This conflation must be questioned. The article concludes by relating this to Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s critique of anthropocentric construals of ‘love’.

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Moskowitz, David A., Jonathan Turrubiates, Hector Lozano, and Christopher Hajek. "Physical, Behavioral, and Psychological Traits of Gay Men Identifying as Bears." Archives of Sexual Behavior 42, no. 5 (April 24, 2013): 775–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-013-0095-z.

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Gough, Brendan, and Gareth Flanders. "Celebrating "Obese" Bodies: Gay "Bears" Talk about Weight, Body Image and Health." International Journal of Men's Health 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/jmh.0803.235.

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Schilt, Kristen. "Faeries and Bears and Leathermen, Oh My! Gay Men Rethinking, Reclaiming, and Reifying Masculinities." Sex Roles 61, no. 1-2 (January 31, 2009): 144–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-008-9575-3.

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Unsain, Ramiro Fernandez, Mariana Dimitrov Ulian, Priscila de Morais Sato, Fernanda Sabatini, Mayara Sanay da Silva Oliveira, and Fernanda Baeza Scagliusi. "“Macho food”: Masculinities, food preferences, eating practices history and commensality among gay bears in São Paulo, Brazil." Appetite 144 (January 2020): 104453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2019.104453.

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Guo, Jie. "The Male Dan at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century." Prism 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 70–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/25783491-8922201.

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Abstract Reading the Taiwanese author Wu Jiwen's 1996 novel Fin-de-siècle Boylove Reader (Shijimo shaonian’ai duben), this essay considers the age-old figure of the male dan and the critical role it played in the emerging gay scene in the Sinophone world at the turn of the twenty-first century. Based on the Qing author Chen Sen's novel Precious Mirror for the Appreciation of Flowers (Pinhua baojian), Wu's version resorts to the figure of the male dan, often referred to as xianggong, to explore male same-sex intimacies, which were gaining increasing visibility in the 1990s Sinophone world. While scholars generally agree that the male dan in Wu's novel bears considerable resemblance to the figure of the contemporary gay man, some read the ending of Wu's novel, where the two protagonists, Mei Ziyu and Du Qinyan, part ways, as representing a compromise. I contend that this “unhappy ending” points to Wu's most radical departure from Chen's novel. The original novel's ending, where Ziyu lives happily ever after with both his wife and Qinyan, reaffirms the centrality of the “polygamous” patron-patronized relationship in the late imperial imagination of male-male relations. In contrast, the failed relationship between Ziyu and Qinyan in Wu's version points to the obsoleteness of the xiangong system, as well as the polygamous mode in the 1990s, which required new modes, categories, and symbols for the imagination of male same-sex relationships. Arguing that in this novel forces past and present, local and global converge, the author uses it to explore the larger question of how to approach the queer Sinophone.

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Schneider, Christopher J. "“I Wish I Could Grow a Full Beard”: The Amateur Pogonotropher on the Beardbrand YouTube Channel." Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 20, no. 4 (November 25, 2018): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532708618809723.

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Pogonotrophy refers to beard cultivation including growth and grooming practices. This exploratory study contributes to the little understood role of beard culture on YouTube. Scholarship examining the relationship between social media platforms such as YouTube and beard culture is almost nonexistent. This gap in the research allows us to ask the following: What sorts of content do users circulate about beards on YouTube? And, how does this content contribute to how users interact and learn about beards? A total of 62,061 user-generated comments across 310 videos featured on the Beardbrand YouTube channel were collected and examined using qualitative media analysis. Three themes emerged from an analysis of these data: the yeard quest, the ideal type, and how to beard. The findings illustrate the important role that YouTube plays in fostering contemporary beard culture. Suggestions for future research are noted.

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McLellan, Bruce N. "Dynamics of a grizzly bear population during a period of industrial resource extraction. II. Mortality rates and causes of death." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 8 (August 1, 1989): 1861–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-265.

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The causes and rates of grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) mortality in a radio-marked population in southeastern British Columbia were studied for 9 years during a period of timber harvest, gas exploration, and outdoor recreation, including grizzly hunting. During 110 bear-years of radio tracking 55 radio-collared grizzly bears and their dependent offspring, one bear with a functioning radio collar died from natural causes and eight others from human intervention; in addition, four dependent offspring were thought to have died. Excluding trap-related mortalities, the best estimate for the annual survival rates were as follows: 0.82 for cubs, 0.88 for yearlings, 0.93 for subadults, and 0.93 for adults. Of the eight bears killed by human intervention, two were killed by legal harvest, five by illegal harvest (one of these in a trap), and one was killed in a trap by another bear. No mortalities were directly attributable to industrial activities. Resource extraction industries do contribute to grizzly bear mortality indirectly through the construction of roads, which provide easy access to hunters, poachers, and settlers. Road access planning and postoperational control of vehicles are recommended management actions.

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Bao, Ze Fu, Cai Hong, Ya Zhou Jiang, and Jiang Ping Wang. "Analysis of “CPOE62” Workover Platform's Bottom Stability." Advanced Materials Research 452-453 (January 2012): 1312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.452-453.1312.

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“CPOE62”platform is a self-elevating workover platform. Under the construction and service process，because of the particularity of work environment，Not only does it bear its own weight and variable load, but also bears the role of environmental load all the time. Sometimes this environment load will have an enormous destruction. Based on the analysis of environmental load, the author checks the bottom stability and verifies it through ANSYS. These will provide some useful information for the deep sea platform research in Bohai Sea deep-water oil and gas development, which achieves higher security and economic efficiency.

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Budijanto, Slamet. "Pengembangan Formula Sereal Sarapan Berbasis Beras Hitam Pecah Kulit, Kacang Merah dan Wijen (Development of Breakfast Cereal Formula Based on Unpolished Black Rice, Red Beans and Sesame)." JURNAL PANGAN 29, no. 3 (May 17, 2021): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33964/jp.v29i3.490.

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ABSTRAK Beras hitam (Oryza sativa L.) pecah kulit mengandung senyawa fenolik yang memiliki potensi antioksidan. Kacang merah (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) memiliki kandungan protein yang tinggi, sedangkan wijen (Sesamum indicum L.) banyak disukai karena aromanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan formula sereal sarapan terbaik dengan bahan baku beras hitam pecah kulit, kacang merah, dan wijen. Formula terbaik dipilih berdasarkan sifat fisik dan uji hedonik. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan faktor kombinasi kacang merah (0 persen; 5 persen; 10 persen) (b/b) dan wijen (0 persen; 5 persen; 10 persen) (b/b) terhadap sifat fisik sereal sarapan (derajat pengembangan, indeks penyerapan air, indeks kelarutan air, kekerasan, kerenyahan) dan uji hedonik. Formula sereal sarapan terbaik dihasilkan pada penambahan 5 persen tepung kacang merah dan 10 persen wijen. Sereal sarapan terbaik memiliki rata-rata total senyawa fenolik sebesar 0,177 mg GAE/g. Kandungan proksimat sereal sarapan antara lain kadar air sebesar 7,79 persen (bb), kadar abu sebesar 2,15 persen (bb), kadar protein sebesar 10,21 persen (bb), kadar lemak sebesar 2,15 persen (bb), dan kadar karbohidrat sebesar 77,70 persen (bb). Penambahan tepung kacang merah meningkatkan jumlah protein pada sereal sarapan. Sereal sarapan termasuk produk sereal sarapan rendah lemak. kata kunci: beras hitam, fenol, kacang merah, sereal sarapan, wijen. ABSTRACT Unpolished black rice (Oryza sativa L) contains phenolic compounds and fiber, which have antioxidant potential. Red beans (Phaseolus vulgarises L) have high protein content, while sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.) has high popularity due to its good odor. This study aimed to develop breakfast cereals from dehulled black rice, red beans, and sesame seed based on their physical properties and the hedonic test. The experimental design applied was the completely randomized design, i.e. combination of red beans addition (0 percent; 5 percent; 10 percent, ww) and sesame seed (0 percent; 5 percent; 10 percent, ww) toward expansion index, water absorption index, water solubility index, hardness, crispness, and hedonic score. The best breakfast cereal formula was shown by adding 5 percent red beans and 10 percent sesame seeds. Cereal had an average of total phenolic compounds 0,177 mg GAE/g. The proximate content of cereals included 7,79 percent moisture content (ww), 2,15 percent ash content (ww), 10,21 percent protein content (ww), 2,15 percent fat content (ww), and 77,70 percent carbohydrate content (ww). The addition of red beans flour increased the amount of protein in cereals. The final cereal product made could be categorized as a low-fat cereal. keywords: black rice, cereals, phenol, red beans, sesame

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Siegel, Kassie R., and Brendan R. Cummings. "Polar Bears, a Melting Arctic, and the United States Endangered Species Act: The Role of Domestic Wildlife Law in Polar Biodiversity Protection." Yearbook of Polar Law Online 1, no. 1 (2009): 121–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116427-91000010.

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Abstract On May 15, 2008, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service listed the polar bear under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) due to global warming and the melting of the bear’s sea-ice habitat. This highly-publicised event cemented the polar bear as the iconic example of the devastating impacts of global warming on the planet’s biodiversity, particularly with regard to impacts in the rapidly melting Arctic. The listing also raised the possibility of applying domestic wildlife law to address the seemingly intractable issue of reducing U.S. greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper we begin by providing an overview of the ESA, including its overarching objectives and key provisions. We then discuss how the ESA should operate to protect species imperiled by global warming and create an obligation on U.S. federal agencies and corporations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We use the example of the polar bear to explore the possibilities and limitations of using domestic wildlife law such as the ESA to bring the subject of global warming into the courtroom, to address greenhouse gas emissions, and to otherwise address protection of the highly imperiled polar regions.

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Cristescu, Bogdan, Csaba Domokos, Kristine J. Teichman, and Scott E. Nielsen. "Large carnivore habitat suitability modelling for Romania and associated predictions for protected areas." PeerJ 7 (March 19, 2019): e6549. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6549.

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Habitat characteristics associated with species occurrences represent important baseline information for wildlife management and conservation, but have rarely been assessed for countries recently joining the EU. We used footprint tracking data and landscape characteristics in Romania to investigate the occurrence of brown bear (Ursus arctos), gray wolf (Canis lupus) and Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) and to compare model predictions between Natura 2000 and national-level protected areas (gap analysis). Wolves were more likely to occur where rugged terrain was present. Increasing proportion of forest was positively associated with occurrence of all large carnivores, but forest type (broadleaf, mixed, or conifer) generally varied with carnivore species. Areas where cultivated lands were extensive had little suitable habitat for lynx, whereas bear occurrence probability decreased with increasing proportion of built areas. Pastures were positively associated with wolf and lynx occurrence. Brown bears occurred primarily where national roads with high traffic volumes were at low density, while bears and lynx occurred at medium-high densities of communal roads that had lower traffic volumes. Based on predictions of carnivore distributions, natural areas protected in national parks were most suitable for carnivores, nature parks were less suitable, whereas EU-legislated Natura 2000 sites had the lowest probability of carnivore presence. Our spatially explicit carnivore habitat suitability predictions can be used by managers to amend borders of existing sites, delineate new protected areas, and establish corridors for ecological connectivity. To assist recovery and recolonization, management could also focus on habitat predicted to be suitable but where carnivores were not tracked.

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McLellan, Bruce N. "Dynamics of a grizzly bear population during a period of industrial resource extraction. I. Density and age–sex composition." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 8 (August 1, 1989): 1856–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-264.

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The characteristics of a grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) population in southeastern British Columbia were studied between 1979 and 1986, a period of timber harvest, gas exploration, and outdoor recreation, including grizzly hunting. I investigated the hypothesis that collectively these activities were detrimental to the grizzly population. I predicted a low density of bears compared with other interior populations and (or) a negative rate of increase. The sex ratio of cubs and yearlings captured was 50:50 and they represented 21.5 and 17.5% of the population, respectively. Although more adult males than adult females were captured, I estimated that there were more adult females than males in the population. I used two methods of population estimation and assumed saturation trapping : one method was based on home range characteristics and the other on the proportion of aerial locations in the study area. The average estimated bear density was 6.4/100 km2, which was high for an interior population, and increased from approximately 5.7/100 km2 in 1981 to 8.0/100 km2 in 1986, for an average annual observed rate of increase of r = 0.07.

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Олешко, В. И., В. Ф. Тарасенко, А. Г. Бураченко, and V. V. Nguyen. "Филаментация и самофокусировка электронных пучков в вакуумных и газовых диодах." Письма в журнал технической физики 45, no. 7 (2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2019.07.47526.17640.

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AbstractIn this paper, we experimentally studied pulsed electron beams with a high local density. The conditions in which the energy density cumulation is observed during the interaction of electrons with the anode are shown to develop in vacuum and gas diodes at nanosecond and subnanosecond durations of a beam current pulse and a decrease in the interelectrode gap. The average electron energy in filamentation and self-focusing of an electron beam in a vacuum diode of an accelerator at a current of ~2 kA and a no-load voltage of ~400 kV was established to be 50–100 keV while the energy density was 10^9–10^10 J/cm^3. It is confirmed that the beam current density in a gas diode can exceed 1 kA/cm^2. It is hypothesized that superdense electron beams in vacuum and gas diodes are formed as a result of avalanche multiplication of runaway electrons in the cathode–anode gap plasma.

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O'Brian, Robin. "Trinkets and Beads:"Trinkets and Beads"." General Anthropology Bulletin of the General Anthropology Division 11, no. 1 (September 2004): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ga.2004.11.1.15.

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Lisiecki, A. "Comparison of Titanium Metal Matrix Composite Surface Layers Produced During Laser Gas Nitriding of Ti6Al4V Alloy by Different Types of Lasers." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 1777–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0287.

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Abstract The article presents the results of a comparative study of the nitriding process of titanium alloy substrate using two lasers with different characteristics of laser beams. One of the applied lasers was a high power diode laser emitting at a dominant wavelength of 808 nm, with a rectangular laser beam spot, and multimode energy distribution across the spot. The second laser was a solid state Yb:YAG disk laser emitting at a wavelength of 1.03 μm, with a circular beam spot, characterized by near Gaussian energy distribution across the spot. In a case of both lasers single stringer beads with a similar width and at similar energy input were produced. As a result of melting of the substrate with a laser beam in a pure gaseous nitrogen atmosphere composite surface layers with in situ precipitated titanium nitrides embedded in the metallic matrix of titanium alloy were produced, in both cases. However, the surface topography and structure is different for the surface layers produce by different lasers at the same processing parameters and width of laser beams.

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López Hernández, J., M. J. González-Castro, J. Simal-Lozano, M. E. Vázquez-Blanco, and M. L. Vázquez-Orderiz. "GC determination of fatty acids in green beans grown in Galicia (N.W. Spain)." Grasas y Aceites 47, no. 3 (June 30, 1996): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.1996.v47.i3.858.

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Krysiak, W. "Effects of convective and microwave roasting on the physicochemical properties of cocoa beans and cocoa butter extracted from this material." Grasas y Aceites 62, no. 4 (September 29, 2011): 467–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.114910.

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Toyoda, Noriaki. "Surface Planarization with Gas Cluster Ion Beams and Application to Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors." International Journal of Automation Technology 12, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2018.p0170.

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In this study, the fundamental sputtering effects of gas cluster ion beams (GCIBs), especially for surface planarization, are reported. Because gas cluster ions are aggregates of thousands of gas atoms, the collision process for a GCIB, with dense and multiple collisions, differs from that of atomic ions via collision cascading; thus, GCIBs have many unique irradiation effects. Among them, the low-damage and surface smoothing effects are beneficial for the planarization of wide-bandgap semiconductor wafers. The planarization of SiC, diamond, and GaN has been demonstrated using GCIB irradiation.

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Shiqiang Xia, Shiqiang Xia, Daohong Song Daohong Song, Liqin Tang Liqin Tang, Cibo Lou Cibo Lou, and Yigang Li Yigang Li. "Self-trapping and oscillation of quadruple beams in high band gap of 2D photonic lattices." Chinese Optics Letters 11, no. 9 (2013): 090801–90804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201311.090801.

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Pereira, Eduardo G., Tolulope O. Taiwo, and Ngozi Chinwa Ole. "Addressing Residual Liability and Insolvency in Disused Oil and Gas Infrastructure Left in Place: The Cases of Brazil, Nigeria, and Trinidad and Tobago." Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy (The) 11, no. 2 (March 18, 2021): 326–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jsdlp.v11i2.3.

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This article analyses the decommissioning framework for oil and gas infrastructures in Brazil, Nigeria, and Trinidad and Tobago. It examines whether the existing provisions in each country are able to guarantee that the government and, by extension taxpayers, do not bear the costs of decommissioning and, the consequences of insolvency on residual liabilities. An additional motivation for this examination is the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic with significant adverse impacts on the oil and gas industry. A likely consequence of the economic devastation from this is the insolvency of any party with decommissioning obligations.The article argues that the provisions of the Brazil petroleum legislation on the reversion of abandoned installations to the government could imply that taxpayers have to bear the residual liabilities without any compensation from the concerned concessionaires or contractors. It also argues that the provisions of the Petroleum Law to the effect that ‘the reversion of facilities does not entail any expense whatsoever for the Brazilian government ’does not certainly translate to pecuniary compensation to the latter for assuming the future residual liabilities from abandoned installations. The Nigerian and the Trinidad &Tobago Decommissioning Framework also suffer the latter risk of the government bearing the residual liabilities for such disused installations.In Nigeria, the framework is silent on who bears the residual liabilities for disused installations. However, it is argued that the provisions of the Production Sharing Contracts on the transfer of ownership to the Nigerian government implies that they would have to bear eventual liabilities for such disused installations. Even in cases where the licensee or contractor may bear the burden of residual liabilities, the problem of future insolvency and cessation of such companies may entail that taxpayers bear the burden of residual liabilities. The article concludes with key recommendations on how to address the identified gaps using lessons from best practices such as United Kingdom, Norway and United States of America. One of such proposals is on the allocation of liability where there is a transfer of interest. Another is for joint and several or at least secondary liability of responsible parties even after decommissioning activities are over; a recommended provision to this effect is also provided. The third recommendation is on how time-constrained residual liability can be used alongside lump sum payments to limit the State's financial exposure for decommissioning costs.

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Hendrika, Yan, Julia Reveny, and Sumaiyah Sumaiyah. "FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE FLOATING BEADS OF AMOXICILLIN USING PECTIN FROM BANANA PEEL (MUSA BALBISIANA ABB)." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 4 (April 1, 2018): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i4.23511.

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Objective: The study aimed to investigate the characteristic pectin from banana peels (Musa balbisiana ABB) and formulation as a polymeric carrier in gastrorententive floating beads.Methods: Pectin from banana peel was isolated using a citric acid solvent with varying concentration (2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%) at 80°C for 90 min. Characterization of pectin included determination of yield, equivalent weight methoxyl content (Me), galacturonic acid (GaA), and degree esterification. Floating beads of amoxicillin prepared by the ionotropic gelation method used calcium ion as cross-linking and sodium bicarbonate as gas-forming agent. Three formulations of amoxicillin were formulated using different percentage of pectin. The prepared beads were evaluated for particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, morphological study, floating lag time, floating time, swelling properties, in vitro drug release, and study of drug release kinetics.Results: The result showed citric acid concentration 7.5% was optimum condition for isolated pectin from banana peels with the percent of yield was 9.51%; 6.29% Me; 62.82% GaA; and degree of esterification 48.46%. Floating time of beads was ≥12 h and drug entrapment efficiency F3 was highest (51%). In vitro drug release confirmed F3 was the best formulation as it releases 92% at 5 h with followed Higuchi model kinetics drug release. Floating beads amoxicillin showed differences of drug release compared with conventional dosage form of amoxicillin (p<0.05).Conclusion: This study confirmed these beads can entrap amoxicillin and also can successfully deliver the drug targeted stomach for a prolong duration drug release.

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Zhou, Tian Wei, Jun Zhang Zheng, Ling Hong Kong, Chun Sheng Wang, Ya Ping Lin, Su Hua Wang, and Tie Zhuang Wu. "Potential Hydrocarbon Resources in Aral Sea Area in the North Ustyurt Basin." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.397.

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A probabilistic method named discovery process modeling is described for estimating the quantity of undiscovered oil and gas resources in Aral sea area in the North Ustrurt basin. In this model, the pool size distribution was demonstrated, and the numbers and sizes of undiscovered pools were estimated. The most likely remaining plays potential in Area sea area is 3447.2 Billions of standard cubic meters of gas in place. The eastern Jurassic-Cretaceous play bears 2901.5 Billions of standard cubic meters of undiscovered gas in place, and 17 gas pools are yet to be discovered; the paleogene-Neogene play bears 545.7 Billions of standard cubic meters of undiscovered gas in place, and 13 gas pools are yet to be discovered. Based on resources analysis, the Aral sea area is a prospecting exploration area for gas, and the emphasis should be strengthened on the eastern Jurassic-Cretaceous play.

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Zhou, Heng, Zhi Guo Luo, Tao Zhang, Jun Jie Sun, Li Hao Han, Xiao Rui Liu, and Zong Shu Zou. "3D Numerical Simulation of the Influence of AGD Beams on Gas Distribution in COREX-3000 Shaft Furnace." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 1268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.1268.

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A three-dimensional mathematical model is developed to describe the influence of AGD beams on gas distribution in COREX-3000 shaft furnace. The calculated result shows that with AGD beams installed, the pressure drop in furnace is decreased while the volume of low velocity zone at bottom of furnace is enlarged. AGD channels can lead reduction gas into shaft center, and increase the gas velocity at slots level, but it have little effect on gas distribution at upper part of the furnace. AGD beams are also good at restraining down pipe gas, and the volume fraction of down pipe gas declines from 9.89 % to 6.41 %, decreases about 35.2%. 2#COREX furnace with AGD beams is better at achieving uniform gas distribution.

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Black, Dan A., Seth G. Sanders, and Lowell J. Taylor. "The Economics of Lesbian and Gay Families." Journal of Economic Perspectives 21, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.21.2.53.

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In this essay, we provide some statistics about the gay and lesbian population in the United States, and ask if analysis based on economic reasoning can provide insight into the family outcomes we observe. We do not start with a hypothesis of innate differences in preferences, but instead seek to understand how differences in constraints systematically alter incentives faced by gay, lesbian, and heterosexual people. Our work reinforces a central theme of Gary Becker's: that family life and economic life are interwoven. Decisions within families—including couples' decisions to commit to one another, divorce, bear children, or adopt children—are intrinsically connected to other economic decisions, including human capital accumulation, labor supply, occupational choice, consumption, and decisions about where to live. We provide evidence addressing number of questions: Do differing biological constraints faced by gay, lesbian, and heterosexual couples affect choices over children? Do differences in fertility (or anticipated fertility), again owing to differences in constraints, influence where people live? Do same-sex couples have patterns of household specialization that differ in predictable fashion from heterosexual couples?

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Arunachalam, Shivaram, Ricardo Izquierdo, and Frederic Nabki. "Ionization Gas Sensor Using Suspended Carbon Nanotube Beams." Sensors 20, no. 6 (March 17, 2020): 1660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20061660.

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An ionization sensor based on suspended carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was presented. A suspended CNT beam was fabricated by a low-temperature surface micromachining process using SU8 photoresist as the sacrificial layer. Application of a bias to the CNT beam generated very high non-linear electric fields near the tips of individual CNTs sufficient to ionize target gas molecules and initiate a breakdown current. The sensing mechanism of the CNT ionization sensor was discussed. The sensor response was tested in air, nitrogen, argon, and helium ambients. Each gas demonstrated a unique breakdown signature. Further, the sensor was tested with gaseous mixtures. The sensor exhibited good long-term stability and had comparable performance to other reported CNT-based ionization sensors in literature, which use high-temperature vapor deposition methods to grow CNTs. The sensor notably allowed for lower ionization voltages due to its reduced ionization gap size.

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Majumder, Deblina, Indranil Chakraborty, and Kalyan Mandal. "Room temperature blooming of CeO2 3D nanoflowers under sonication and catalytic efficacy towards CO conversion." RSC Advances 10, no. 37 (2020): 22204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra02554b.

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Kwon, Daeeun, Theo Y. C. Lam, Minseok Kim, Giin-Yu Amy Tan, Po-Heng Lee, and Jeonghwan Kim. "Combined Effect of Activated Carbon Particles and Non-Adsorptive Spherical Beads as Fluidized Media on Fouling, Organic Removal and Microbial Communities in Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor." Membranes 11, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11050365.

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The combined effect of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) spherical beads and granular activated carbon (GAC) particles as fluidized media on the performance of anaerobic fluidized bed membrane bioreactor (AFMBR) was investigated. GAC particles and ABS beads were fluidized together in a single AFMBR to investigate membrane fouling and organic removal efficiency as well as energy consumption. The density difference between these two similarly sized media caused the stratified bed layer where ABS beads are fluidized above the GAC along the membrane. Membrane relaxation was effective to reduce the fouling and trans-membrane pressure (TMP) below 0.25 bar could be achieved at 6 h of hydraulic retention time (HRT). More than 90% of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) was removed after 80 d operation. Biogas consisting of 65% of methane was produced by AFMBR, suggesting that combined use of GAC and ABS beads did not have any adverse effect on methane production during the operational period. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) examinations showed the adherence of microbes to both media. However, 16S rRNA results revealed that fewer microbes attached to ABS beads than GAC. There were also compositional differences between the ABS and GAC microbial communities. The abundance of the syntrophs and exoelectrogens population on ABS beads was relatively low compared to that of GAC. Our result implied that syntrophic synergy and possible occurrence of direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) might be facilitated in AFMBR by GAC, while traditional methanogenic pathways were dominant in ABS beads. The electrical energy required was 0.02 kWh/m3, and it was only about 13% of that produced by AFMBR.

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Gao, Yu Nan, Rong Xin Zhang, Xiang Yu Tang, Xin Fu, and Peng Cong. "Biosorption of Mn(II) by Immobilizing Dominant Bacteria on the Surface of Chitosan Cross-Linked GAC Beads." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 793–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.793.

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A static test was applied to study the biosorption of Mn (II) by immobilized dominant bacteria on the surface of chitosan cross-linked GAC(CCG) beads. The Citrobacter sp. was selected from the source water of the Shenyang first water treatment plant. Citrobacter sp. was immobilized on the surface of chitosan cross-linked GAC beads successfully. Langmuir models were applied to describe the isotherms. The Mn (II) removal rate was evaluated by the different dose rate and different contact time of the CCG beads. Results showed the dominant bacteria immobilized on chitosan cross-linked GAC beads were favourable adsorbers.

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DEVYATKOV, V. N., N. N. KOVAL, P. M. SCHANIN, V. P. GRIGORYEV, and T. V. KOVAL. "Generation and propagation of high-current low-energy electron beams." Laser and Particle Beams 21, no. 2 (April 2003): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303460321212x.

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High-current electron beams with a current density of up to 100 A/cm2 generated by a plasma-cathode gas-filled diode at low accelerating voltages are studied. Two types of gas discharges are used to produce plasma in the cathode. With glow and arc discharges, beam currents of up to 150 A and 400 A, respectively, have been obtained at an accelerating voltage of 16 kV and at a pressure of 1–3·10−2 Pa in the acceleration gap. The ions resulting from ionization of gas molecules by electrons of the beam neutralize the beam charge. The charge-neutralized electron beam almost without losses is transported over a distance of 30 cm in a drift channel which is in the axial magnetic field induced by Helmholtz coils. The results of calculations for the motion of electrons of the charge-neutralized beam with and without axial external field are presented and compared with those of experiments.

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Hamer, David, and Ian Pengelly. "Whitebark Pine (Pinus albicaulis) seeds as food for bears (Ursus spp.) in Banff National Park, Alberta." Canadian Field-Naturalist 129, no. 1 (May 31, 2015): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v129i1.1662.

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The large, nutrient-rich seeds of Whitebark Pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelmann) are important food for bears (Ursus spp.) in Yellowstone National Park. In Banff National Park, studies have shown that American Black Bears (Ursus americanus) eat these seeds, but little additional information is available. We studied Whitebark Pine in Banff National Park to address this information gap. Because bears obtain Whitebark Pine seeds from Red Squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) middens, our objective was to measure the abundance, habitat characteristics, and use by bears of middens in Whitebark Pine forests. A second objective was to determine whether Grizzly Bears (U. arctos) in Banff National Park also eat Whitebark Pine seeds. In 2011–2012, we ran 29 ha of 20–50 m wide transects at 10 sites with accessible Whitebark Pine stands and found 0–3.7 middens/ha (mean 1.23, SD 1.17, n = 10). Midden density was weakly related to total basal area of all conifers but not to basal area of Whitebark Pine. Middens were located in the upper subalpine at an average elevation of 2110 m (SD 90, n = 8) on 41–248° facing slopes with a mean steepness of 28° (SD 5, n = 8). Bears had excavated middens at all eight sites where we found middens; at the remaining two sites, middens did not occur within our transects. Overall, 24 (67%) of the 36 middens located in our transects had been dug by bears. In October 2013, we searched areas where three global positioning system (GPS)-collared Grizzly Bears had been located in late September 2013 and found five recently dug middens located less than 6 m from GPS fixes. These observations are, to our knowledge, the first conclusive evidence that grizzly Bears in Banff National Park eat Whitebark Pine seeds. Because Whitebark Pine occurs at high elevations on steep slopes where human use is low, this resource may be important in keeping bears in habitat where risk of human-caused mortality is lower. Our results may assist managers responsible for conservation of bears in Banff National Park, where both American Black Bears and Grizzly Bears are subject to high levels of human-caused mortality.

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Wang, Hui, Wei Zhang, Chao Liu, Hongwei Xing, Chen Guo, and Yuzhu Zhang. "Preparation and performance analysis of gas-quenched steel slag beads." Metallurgical Research & Technology 117, no. 1 (2020): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2019073.

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The low utilization rate of steel slag in China has exposed serious environmental and social problems. In the present work, the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag was modified by blast furnace (BF) slag and then beaded by the means of gas quenching. The gas-quenching rate, bead formation rate, physical properties, microscopic characteristics and free lime (f-CaO) of gas-quenched slag beads were analyzed to broaden the utilization of BOF slag. The results show that the more BF slag is added, the higher the gas-quenching rate is, and the lower the bead formation rate becomes. When no BF slag is added, the beads are mainly composed of magnetite, limonite and melilite. After BF slag is added, a large amount of glass phase and a little amount of Ca2SiO4 and MgO are found in beads. The content of f-CaO beads decreases after the modified slag is gas quenched at high temperature. Moreover, the more BF slag is added, the higher the elimination rate of f-CaO becomes. Considering the industry standard of steel slag sand in China as well as the gas-quenching rate, physical and chemical properties, the gas-quenched steel slag beads with 5 and 15% BF slag better meet the medium sand standard, which can be used as fine aggregate.

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Li, Can, Jin Hong Zhang, Jiang Wu, Xian Bing Zhang, Xian Tuo Chen, Chao En Li, Jing Zhang, and Liu Liu Zhang. "Experimental Study of the Fly Ash Iron Morphology Effect on Flue Gas Mercury Removal." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 1513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1513.

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In this paper, magnetic beads were separated from two different power plants fly ash by magnetic separation, and the separated magnetic beads were analyzed by XRD. In a self-built fixed-bed system, the experiments that magnetic beads from two power plants, α-Fe2O3 and γ-Fe2O3 affect formation distribution of mercury in flue gas were carried out. The results showed that the magnetic beads in fly ash have a certain capacity to oxidize the mercury in flue gas, and the γ-Fe2O3 has greater influence on the species distribution of mercury than α- Fe2O3.

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40

Harvey, Keith. "Gay Community, Gay Identity and the Translated Text." TTR : traduction, terminologie, rédaction 13, no. 1 (March 19, 2007): 137–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037397ar.

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Abstract Gay Community, Gay Identity and the Translated Text — In this paper, the author explores the multiple intersections of the notion "gay community" and "gay identity" with the problematic of translation. First, the notions of "community" and "identity" themselves are explored for their theoretical, political and personal ramifications for the gay subject. It is argued that the two notions engage in a constant process of redefinition in relation to each other and, in particular, that they can be seen to overlap if their respective concrete/imagined and internal/external dimensions are taken account of. The author goes on to suggest how translated literature represents a crucial site for the gay person's elaboration of a distinct subjectivity. Then, an example (Spanish-English) is given of a text whose exploration of emerging gay selfhoof is enhanced in translation. Finally, a passage (English-French) is studied in its source and target versions in order to identify the pressures that different cultural conceptions of sexual identity bring to bear upon textual products.

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Белоплотов, Д. В., В. Ф. Тарасенко, Д. А. Сорокин, and В. А. Шкляев. "Формирование двух импульсов тока пучка убегающих электронов." Журнал технической физики 91, no. 4 (2021): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2021.04.50621.292-20.

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The conditions for the formation of two current pulses of runaway electron beams during the breakdown of a point-to-plane and tube-to-plane gaps in high-pressure air, nitrogen, and helium are studied. It has been shown experimentally that, depending on a pressure and kind of gas, a rise time of voltage pulse with an amplitude of tens of kilovolts, three modes of generation of runaway electron beams are observed. In the first mode, a single current pulse of runaway electron beam is observed at the maximum voltage across the gap, when a streamer appears in the vicinity of the pointed electrode (cathode). Its duration is ≈100 ps. In the second mode, two current pulses of runaway electron beams are observed at a lower pressure. The first pulse is generated as in the first mode. The second pulse is generated after the gap is bridged by the streamer (the first ionization wave). The electron energy in the second pulse is significantly less than in the first one, but the duration and amplitude of second current pulse under optimal conditions are greater. The third mode is implemented at lower pressures than in the second one. The generation of runaway electrons continues after the first pulse without a pause in the quasi-stationary stage. The total current pulse duration is hundreds of picoseconds.

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42

Gasiński, Alan, Joanna Kawa-Rygielska, Antoni Szumny, Justyna Gąsior, and Adam Głowacki. "Assessment of Volatiles and Polyphenol Content, Physicochemical Parameters and Antioxidant Activity in Beers with Dotted Hawthorn (Crataegus punctata)." Foods 9, no. 6 (June 11, 2020): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9060775.

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Beer with the addition of dotted hawthorn (Crataegus punctata) fruit and juice was prepared and analysed. The content of carbohydrates, glycerol and ethanol in beers was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Analysis of the total content of polyphenols was also performed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, as well as determining antioxidant capacity by DPPH• and ABTS+• assay, and the ability to reduce iron ions by FRAP assay. Content of volatile compounds was analysed by means of solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy. Beers with addition of hawthorn, both juice and fruit, had higher antioxidative potential and higher polyphenols concentration compared to control beer. The content of polyphenols in beers was in the range 200.5–410.0 mg GAE/L, and the antioxidant activity was in the range of 0.936–2.04 mmol TE/L (ABTS+• assay), 0.352–2.175 mmol TE/L (DPPH• assay) and 0.512–1.35 mmol TE/L (FRAP assay). A sensory evaluation of beers was also carried out. Beer with hawthorn fruit addition obtained the best scores in sensory analysis for criteria such as aroma, taste and overall quality. This beer had the highest content of volatile compounds (287.9 µg/100 mL of beer), while the control beer had lowest concentrations (35.9 µg/100 mL of beer).

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Ricci, Matteo, Otello Maria Roscioni, Lara Querciagrossa, and Claudio Zannoni. "MOLC. A reversible coarse grained approach using anisotropic beads for the modelling of organic functional materials." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 47 (2019): 26195–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp04120f.

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We describe the development and implementation of a new reversible coarse grained model where complex organic molecules are described in terms of a set of connected biaxial Gay–Berne ellipsoidal beads, decorated with point charges.

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Pichayakorn, Wiwat, Suchipha Wannaphatchaiyong, and Wanlapha Saisin. "Preparation Process and Properties of Crosslinked Gelatin Beads for Drug Loading." Advanced Materials Research 1060 (December 2014): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1060.74.

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This study aimed to develop the preparation process of stable gelatin beads for drug loading. Gelatin beads were prepared by either ionotropic gelation or emulsification techniques. Hardening of gelatin beads were done by both cooling and chemical treatments. For ionotropic gelation techniques, aqueous gelatin solution was continuously dropped into cool calcium chloride (CaCl2) or sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) solution. However, the stable bead particles could not be formed. For emulsification techniques, water in oil (w/o) system was performed using aqueous gelatin solution as dispersed phase and cool soybean oil as dispersion medium, and glutaraldehyde (GAL) might also be used as chemical crosslinking agent. Gelatin type, amount of GAL, and crosslinking time slightly affected the characters of beads formation. Propranolol HCl could be loaded in gelatin beads.

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Kang, Yue, Chao Liu, Yuzhu Zhang, and Hongwei Xing. "Influence of Crystallization Behavior of Gas Quenching Blast Furnace Slag on the Preparation of Amorphous Slag Beads." Crystals 10, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10010030.

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Slag beads with different crystal content could be obtained through the gas quenching blast furnace slag (BFS) process. In order to increase the additional value of the slag beads as much as possible, it was necessary to restrain the crystallization of the slag beads as much as possible. In this paper, the mineral types and crystallization temperatures of BFS with different basicities and cooling rates were studied by using Factsage thermodynamic software, XRD, and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) experiments, which obtained the gas quenching temperature and the cooling rate needed to restrain crystallization behavior in the gas quenching process; The crystallization mechanism was studied by calculating crystallization activation energy (Ec) using the DSC experiment, at the same time, the thermodynamic results were verified. The proper basicity and cooling rate of BFS were found to be conducive to the preparation of amorphous slag beads. The results showed that the initial crystallization temperature decreased with decreasing the basicity and increasing the cooling rate, which could increase the amorphous content of slag beads in the gas quenching process. The crystallization activation energy (Ec) increased with decreasing basicity, which increased the crystallization barrier.

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46

Manley, Eric, Heidi Levitt, and Chad Mosher. "Understanding the Bear Movement in Gay Male Culture." Journal of Homosexuality 53, no. 4 (September 2007): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00918360802103365.

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Santoro, Patrick. "Relationally Bare/Bear." Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 12, no. 2 (February 1, 2012): 118–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532708611435213.

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This article is an autoethnographic account of the intricacies surrounding relational dissolution. In tracing moments of a four-year relationship, the author critically and reflexively examines his identity as a gay Bear, acknowledging how his culturally stigmatized hairy and husky body challenged his ability to love. Emphasizing the demanding and unending negotiations of body image, the narratives herein reveal how losing weight allowed the author to re-story the potential of his body, marking a shift in sexual desire for himself and other men. While this article paints a relationship’s end, it also captures a beginning—of what it means to seek a communicatively, emotionally, and physically fulfilling intimacy.

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Delcroix, M., C. Melot, J. L. Vachiery, P. Lejeune, M. Leeman, P. Vanderhoeft, and R. Naeije. "Effects of embolus size on hemodynamics and gas exchange in canine embolic pulmonary hypertension." Journal of Applied Physiology 69, no. 6 (December 1, 1990): 2254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.69.6.2254.

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We examined the effects of different-sized glass-bead embolization on pulmonary hemodynamics and gas exchange in 12 intact anesthetized dogs. Pulmonary hemodynamics were evaluated by multipoint pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa)/cardiac output (Q) plots before and 60 min after sufficient amounts of 100-microns (n = 6 dogs) or 1,000-microns (n = 6 dogs) glass beads to triple baseline Ppa were given and again 20 min after 5 mg/kg hydralazine in all the animals. Gas exchange was assessed using the multiple inert gas elimination technique in each of these experimental conditions. Embolization increased both the extrapolated pressure intercepts (by 6 mmHg) and the slopes (by 5 mmHg.l-1.min.m2) of the linear Ppa/Q plots, together with an 80% angiographic pulmonary vascular obstruction. These changes were not significantly different in the two subgroups of dogs. However, arterial PO2 was most decreased after the 100-microns beads, and arterial PCO2 was most increased after the 1,000-microns beads. Both bead sizes deteriorated the distribution of ventilation (VA)/perfusion (Q) ratios, with development of lung units with higher as well as with lower than normal VA/Q. Only 100-microns beads generated a shunt. Only 1,000-microns beads generated a high VA/Q mode and increased inert gas dead space. Hydralazine increased the shunt and decreased the slope of the Ppa/Q plots after 100-microns beads and had no effect after 1,000-microns beads. We conclude that in embolic pulmonary hypertension, Ppa/Q characteristics are unaffected by embolus size up to 1,000 microns.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Zhuang, Li, Yukio Nakata, and In-Mo Lee. "Localized deformation in sands and glass beads subjected to plane strain compressions." Geomechanics and Engineering 5, no. 6 (December 25, 2013): 499–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/gae.2013.5.6.499.

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Hussein, Ahmad Alaa, and Ahmad Jabbar Hussain Alshimmeri. "Comparative Study of Structural Behavior for Asymmetrical Castellated (Concavely - Curved Soffit) Steel Beams with Different Strengthening Techniques." Key Engineering Materials 895 (August 3, 2021): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.895.177.

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The Asymmetrical Castellated concavely – curved soffit Steel Beams with RPC and Lacing Reinforcement improves compactness and local buckling (web and flange local buckling), vertical shear strength at gross section (web crippling and web yielding at the fillet), and net section ( net vertical shear strength proportioned between the top and bottom tees relative to their areas (Yielding)), horizontal shear strength in web post (Yielding), web post-buckling strength, overall beam flexure strength, tee Vierendeel bending moment and lateral-torsional buckling, as a result of steel section encasement. This study presents two concentrated loads test results for seven specimens Asymmetrical Castellated concavely – curved soffit Steel Beams section encasement by Reactive powder concrete (RPC) with laced reinforcement. The encasement of the Asymmetrical Castellated concavely – curved soffit Steel Beams consists of, flanges unstiffened element height was filled with RPC for each side, and laced reinforced which are used inclined continuous reinforcement of two layers on each side of the Asymmetrical Castellated concavely – curved soffit Steel Beams web. The inclination angle of lacing reinforcement concerning the longitudinal axis is 45. Seven specimens with seven different configurations will be prepared and tested under two concentrated loads at the mid-third of the beam span. The tested specimen's properties are: unconfined Asymmetrical Castellated Steel Beams (Reference1), second model; Asymmetrical Castellated concavely – curved soffit Steel Beams (web and flange) confined with (RPC) only, third model; Asymmetrical Castellated concavely – curved soffit Steel Beams (web and flange) confined with (RPC) and laced reinforcement, fourth model; is same as the third model but it has one web opening with increase the depth of web post by 10 %, 20%, and 30 % as a gap between top and bottom parts of Asymmetrical Castellated concavely – curved soffit Steel Beams respectively. The results that have been obtained from the experimental part and the numerical analysis results by ABAQUS demonstrated that the increase of the gap leads to an increase in the load against the deflection curve. Sample CB8 with 122 mm gap has gained the highest load against deflection when compared with either reference sample without gap and other samples with 65 mm and 105 mm gap for concavely–curved soffit Steel Beams.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Gay bears'

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